ADTRAN TRC5045L1 Tracer 5045 Point-to-Point Spread Spectrum System User Manual 612805045L1 1A

Adtran Tracer 5045 Point-to-Point Spread Spectrum System 612805045L1 1A

Manual

612805045L1-1AMarch 2003TRACER 5045System Manual12805045L1A TRACER 5045 System (Plan A)12805045L1B TRACER 5045 System (Plan B)
Trademarks TRACER 5045 System Manual 2 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1ATrademarksAny brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.TRACER® is a registered trademark of ADTRAN, Inc.To the Holder of the ManualThe contents of this manual are current as of the date of publication. ADTRAN reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.In no event will ADTRAN be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages or for commercial losses even if ADTRAN has been advised thereof as a result of issue of this publication.About this ManualThis manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 5045 system and system software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician, system administrator, and manager with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, and maintenance of the TRACER 5045. This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found. 901 Explorer BoulevardP.O. Box 140000Huntsville, AL 35814-4000Phone: (256) 963-8000© 2003 ADTRAN, Inc.All Rights Reserved.Printed in U.S.A.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Revision History612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 3Revision HistoryDocument RevisionDate Description of ChangesA March 2003 Initial release of manual.Notes provide additional useful information.Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption.Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life.
Safety Instructions TRACER 5045 System Manual 4 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1ASafety InstructionsWhen using your telephone equipment, please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock, or personal injury:1. Do not use this product near water, such as a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool.2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless-type) during an electrical storm. There is a remote risk of shock from lightning.3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.4. Use only the power cord, power supply, and/or batteries indicated in the manual. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explode. Check with local codes for special disposal instructions.Save These Important Safety Instructions
TRACER 5045 System Manual FCC-Required Information612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 5FCC-Required InformationFederal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio frequencies. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.Radio Frequency Interface StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications.The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television.• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver.• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits.• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Shielded cables must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with Class A FCC limits.Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
FCC-Required Information TRACER 5045 System Manual 6 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1AFCC Output Power RestrictionsThe FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. License-free operation in the industrial, scientific, and medical band is documented in FCC Rules Part 15.247. It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implementing the radio system to assure compliance with any pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.Exposure to Radio Frequency FieldsThe TRACER 5045 is designed to operate at 5.8 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power.This level of RF energy is below the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installation of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the general population at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the center of the antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installation of this equipment:• The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the front of the antenna.• It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that prevents access to the antenna.• Prior to installing the antenna to the TRACER 5045 output, make sure the power is adjusted to the settings specified in section 2 of this manual.• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence on the coaxial connector.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in front of the antenna assembly.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle or touch the front of the antenna.These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Warranty and Customer Service612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 7Warranty and Customer ServiceADTRAN will replace or repair this product within the warranty period if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service. Warranty information can be found at www.adtran.com/warranty.Customer Service, Product Support Information, and TrainingADTRAN will replace or repair this product within the warranty period if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service. Warranty information can be found at www.adtran.com/warranty. A return material authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN. For service, RMA requests, training, or more information, use the contact information given below.Repair and ReturnIf you determine that a repair is needed, please contact our Customer and Product Service (CaPS) department to have an RMA number issued. CaPS should also be contacted to obtain information regarding equipment currently in house or possible fees associated with repair.Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return to the following address:Pre-Sales Inquiries and Applications SupportYour reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional pre-sales support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, latest product documentation, application briefs, case studies, and a link to submit a question to an Applications Engineer. All of this, and more, is available at:When needed, further pre-sales assistance is available by calling our Applications Engineering Department.CaPS Department (256) 963-8722 ADTRAN Customer and Product Service901 Explorer Blvd. (East Tower)Huntsville, Alabama 35806RMA # _____________http://support.adtran.comApplications Engineering (800) 615-1176
Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training TRACER 5045 System Manual 8 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1APost-Sale SupportYour reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware releases, latest product documentation, service request ticket generation and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at:When needed, further post-sales assistance is available by calling our Technical Support Center. Please have your unit serial number available when you call.Installation and Maintenance SupportThe ADTRAN Custom Extended Services (ACES) program offers multiple types and levels of installation and maintenance services which allow you to choose the kind of assistance you need. This support is available at:For questions, call the ACES Help Desk. TrainingThe Enterprise Network (EN) Technical Training Department offers training on our most popular products. These courses include overviews on product features and functions while covering applications of ADTRAN's product lines. ADTRAN provides a variety of training options, including customized training and courses taught at our facilities or at your site. For more information about training, please contact your Territory Manager or the Enterprise Training Coordinator.http://support.adtran.comTechnical Support (888) 4ADTRANhttp://www.adtran.com/acesACES Help Desk (888) 874-ACES (2237) Training Phone (800) 615-1176, ext. 7500 Training Fax (256) 963-6700Training Email training@adtran.com
612804208L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 9Table of ContentsSection 1 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 5045 System Manual is designed for use by network en-gineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 5045.Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link or path. The significant parameters are defined, and several recommendations are offered.Section 3 Engineering Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Provides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 5045 system into their networks.Section 4 Network Turnup Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Section 5 User Interface Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Provides detailed descriptions of all menu options and configuration parameters available for the TRACER 5045.Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Provides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 5045.
Table of Contents TRACER 4208 System Manual 10 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804208L1-1A
612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 11SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONThis section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 5045 System Manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 5045.It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, testing, alarm status, and system monitoring. This section should be used in conjunction with Section 3, Engineering Guidelines, of the system manual.CONTENTSSystem Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Operational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 1 System Description TRACER 5045 System Manual 12 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A1. SYSTEM OVERVIEWThe ADTRAN TRACER 5045 wireless system data transport that carries a maximum of 44.736 Mbps of Ethernet traffic up to 25 miles on a line-of-sight path. As authorized under Part 15.247 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 5045 operates license-free in the 5.8 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The ISM band requires no frequency coordination or licensing of end users.The TRACER 5045 provides four dual speed 10/100BaseT/TX interfaces that operate with both half and full-duplex capability. Backpressure flow control is provided for full-duplex communication. Each port is 802.3 and 802.3u compliant.For configuration and testing, the TRACER 5045 provides the capability to control the remote system through a separate maintenance channel. The TRACER 5045 has several built-in test capabilities including remote loopback. Complete configuration and performance data is available through menus accessed using a standard RS-232 terminal interface.2. FEATURES AND BENEFITSThe following is a brief list of the TRACER 5045 features and benefits:Configuration and Management• Easy to use VT100 control port (RS-232 interface) for configuration and monitoring• Remote configuration over both ends of the wireless link, from each end of the linkOperational• Eight independent transparent T1 transmission paths, over digital microwave link• No license required per FCC Rules Part 15.247• Frequency: 5.725 to 5.850 GHz• Point-to-point, up to 30 miles• 1-U high unit for easy rack-mountingEthernet• Four 10BaseT/100BaseTX interfaces• IEEE 802.3 and 802.3u compliant• Backpressure flow control provided on all full-duplex interfaces
612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 13 MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICSExplains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link or path. The significant parameters are defined, and several recommendations are offered.CONTENTSLine-of-Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Calculating the Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Antenna Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Transmitted Power (PT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Carrier Wavelength (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Path Distance (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18System Losses (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Path Loss (LP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Antenna Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20TRACER RSSI Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Antenna Beam Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Path Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23FIGURESFigure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21TABLESTable 1. Antenna Gain for Given Dish Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Table 2. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Table 3. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Table 4. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 5045 System Manual 14 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 151. LINE-OF-SITEThe TRACER 5045 system is designed for operation in the license-free 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Radio wave propagation in this band exhibits microwave characteristics which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of-sight communications. Line-of-Sight requires that the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are able to “see” each other, and that the straight-line path between the two antennas is free of obstructions, such as buildings, trees, mountains, and, in longer paths, even the curvature of the earth. In addition, for maximum signal strength the area around the visual line-of-sight where microwave signals reflect (Fresnel zone) must also be free of obstructions. Fresnel zones are discussed in more detail on page 21.Terminology2. DECIBELSUnderstanding the decibel (dB) format is key when discussing microwave path engineering because the received signal power is often expressed in decibel format. In general, any quantity can be expressed in decibels. If the quantity x is a power level (in Watts), the decibel equivalent is defined asIf the quantity x is referenced to a milliwatt (mW), then the decibel-milliwatt (dBm) is used instead of a generic decibel.Using the decibel format simplifies power calculations by reducing multiplication and division operations into addition and subtraction operations.3. CALCULATING THE FADE MARGINThe fade margin (F ) is a value indicating the amount of extra signal power available to the receiver to operate at a maximum bit error rate (BER). Fade margin is simply the difference between the available signal power at the receiver (PR ) and the receiver sensitivity (Psens ). Point-to-Point Wireless communication from a single site to another individual site. Contrast with point-to-multipoint.Line-of-Sight An unobstructed, direct path exists between the transmitting and the receiving antennas.It is imperative to determine if the proposed microwave path is suitable (at a minimum) for ideal, nondistorted signals before attempting installation.xdB 10 log10 x()⋅=(dB)xdBm 10 log10x1mW-------------⋅=(dBm)FPRPsens–=(dB)
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 5045 System Manual 16 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1AHigher levels of fade margin indicate stronger protection against signal fading and a more reliable link. For most applications, 20 to 30 dB of fade margin should ensure a reliable link. The following sections further discuss the necessary power calculations and their components.4. RECEIVER POWERThe viability of a particular microwave path is determined by the power of the transmitted microwave signal, the transmit and receive antenna gain, distance, and accumulated system losses (such as RF coaxial cable losses and path loss).The equation relating received signal power to the other microwave parameters isor (in decibel notation)where the variables in the equation are defined asPRreceived power (Watts)PTtransmitted power (100 mW (max) for TRACER 5045 - adjustable)GTtransmit antenna gainGRreceive antenna gainλcarrier wavelength (meters)dpath distance (meters)Lother losses (RF coaxial cable, etc.)LPpath loss (dB)Figure 1 on page 17 illustrates a wireless link configuration containing all the parameters necessary for the power budget analysis.When using decibel notation, all quantities must be individually converted to decibels prior to performing addition and subtraction.PRPTGTGRλ24π()2d2L------------------------------=(Watts, W)(decibels referenced to a Watt, dBW)PR = PT + GT + GR - L - LP
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 17Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with ParametersThe following sections further discuss the power budget analysis and its components.Antenna GainActual transmit and receive antenna gain values depend strictly upon the physical characteristics of the antennas installed for each link. In other words, the size of the dish determines the antenna gain. Using a parabolic dish antenna results in the best performance. Antenna gains are specified in terms of decibels of gain referenced to an isotropic source (dBi). An isotropic source is a hypothetical antenna having equal radiation in all directions. Typical antenna gains are listed in Table 1; however, dish manufacturers can provide gains for specific types of antennas.Transmitted Power (PT)The FCC specifies the maximum transmitter power used for antennae of a given gain. FCC Rules Part 15, Subpart 247 allow for a maximum power of 1 Watt (30 dBm) into antennae of a gain less than or equal to 6 dBi. Since the TRACER 5045 maximum transmit power is 100 milliwatts, there is no reduction in transmitter output power required for antennae gains greater than 6 dBi.Table 1. Antenna Gain for Given Dish DiametersDish Diameter(in feet)Gain at 5.8 GHz(in dBi)228.5434.2637.5840.710 42.512 44.2 GTGRd, LPPTPRλLL
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 5045 System Manual 18 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1ACarrier Wavelength (λ)The carrier wavelength is the physical wavelength of the main RF carrier being used for communication, and is usually approximated at the center frequency of the band (which is 5787.5 MHz for the TRACER 5045). The carrier wavelength calculations follow:λ = c / f (meters)where c = speed of light (in meters)f = frequency (in Hz)resulting in the following carrier wavelength:λ = 3.00 x 10¯8 / 5787.5 x 10 5 = 0.0518 m or 5.18 cmPath Distance (d)The path distance is simply the physical distance between the transmit and receive antennas. For the TRACER 5045, these distances can range up to 30 miles. System Losses (L)System losses are defined by RF coaxial cable loss, connector losses, and losses added from any additional lightning protection devices for the power budget analysis. Coaxial cable is required to attach the TRACER 5045 to the antenna. The length of the cable varies from a few feet to several feet, depending upon your application and the proximity of the TRACER 5045 to the antenna. Various grades of coaxial cable will work sufficiently well for connecting the TRACER 5045 unit to the antenna. A low-loss coaxial cable will minimize cable losses.One end of the coaxial cable requires an N-type male connector (plug) to mate with the TRACER 5045 unit. The other end of the coaxial cable requires a connector compatible with the antenna chosen for the installation (usually an N-type male connector). Additionally, ADTRAN recommends that the outdoor connector on the coaxial cable be weatherproofed to prevent corrosion and electrical shorting.In areas where lightning strikes are frequent, a lightning arrestor should be installed directly on the antenna coaxial cable. Installing lightning arrestors helps protect the RF electronics in the downstream path from damaging voltages and currents (including the TRACER 5045 unit).
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 19Table 2 gives typical loss figures for some of the more common coaxial cable types (per 100 feet).Path Loss (LP)Path loss is the estimated attenuation between the transmit and receive antennas caused by signal separation and scattering. The path loss is considered basic transmission loss over the microwave link. The following expression calculates path loss:where fcarrier frequency (Hz)λcarrier wavelength (c / f) (meters)dpath distance (meters)cspeed of light, free-space (meters)orwhere d is expressed in miles and f in GHzPath loss, as shown here, increases rapidly as either the path length increases or the carrier wavelength decreases (which happens as the carrier frequency increases). Therefore, longer microwave paths naturally experience more path loss than shorter paths. Likewise, higher frequency microwave communication experiences more path loss than lower frequency microwave communication.Table 2. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable TypesCable Type5.8 GHz Loss/100 ft. (in dB)RG58 N/ARG8 (air) N/ARG8 (foam) N/A1/4” Coax 11.363/8” Coax 9.651/2” Coax 6.495/8” Coax 4.907/8” Coax N/A1 1/4” Coax N/A1 5/8” Coax N/A5.8 GHz Elliptical Waveguide 1.23LP4πdλ----------24πdfc------------2== (dB)LP96.6 20 log10 d() 20·log+10 f()⋅+= (dB)
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 5045 System Manual 20 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1ATable 3 lists path loss values for various path lengths for the TRACER 5045 5.8 GHz system. Values not listed in the table can be interpolated from those listed.5. RECEIVER SENSITIVITYReceiver sensitivity is a value expressed in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm) that corresponds to the minimum amount of signal power needed at the receiver to achieve a given bit error rate (BER). Receiver sensitivity is usually a negative number of decibels and smaller receiver sensitivity (higher quantity negative number) is better for a given BER. Several factors affect receiver sensitivity including the data bandwidth of the wireless link, and the amount of additional signal degradation introduced in the receiver electronics. The receiver sensitivity of the TRACER 5045 is -90 dBm at 10-6 BER.6. ANTENNA INFORMATIONThe overall wireless system is directly affected by the antenna selection and installation. The following sections discuss several factors concerning antenna selection and installation.Antenna AlignmentWith line-of-sight microwave communications, optimum system performance requires that the transmitting and receiving antennas are properly aligned. This ensures maximum received signal power at each receiver. Antenna alignment must be achieved in both azimuth (along a horizontal plane) and elevation (along a vertical plane). A received signal strength indicator (RSSI) aids the equipment installer in determining when alignment is maximized by simply ensuring maximum RSSI. Table 3. Path Loss for Given Path LengthsPath Length(miles)Path Loss(dB)1112211831214124512610 13215 13520 13825 14030 14135 143Should an interferer be present nearby, three software selectable bandplans are provided for frequency agility. Changing the TRACER 5045 bandplan does not require additional components, or opening of the radio. See TRACER System Configuration > RF Bandplan on page 47 for additional details.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 21TRACER RSSI Test PointsThe RSSI indicator for the TRACER 5045 system is provided through the VT100 terminal menus accessed through the RS-232 interface, and it is presented as a series of bars indicating signal strength. More bars means more RSSI, which ensures more received signal strength and better link performance.If the local system has acquired a useful signal from the remote system, then the remote TRACER 5045 RSSI can be viewed from the local TRACER 5045 VT100 terminal menu interface.An RSSI test point, located on the front panel, represents the voltage (relative to the GND test point) of a relative signal level of receive strength from the far end. The voltage at this test point can vary from approximatly 0 to greater than 4 Volts DC, with 0 Volts corresponding to no signal and 4 Volts or better to full signal strength.Antenna Beam PatternsDirectly related to the subject of antenna alignment is the topic of antenna beam patterns. Antennas used with the TRACER 5045 system have a particular beam shape determined in part by the physical construction and geometry of the antenna. The antenna beam patterns are characterized by a dominant main lobe, which is the preferred lobe to use for point-to-point communications, and several side lobes, as shown in Figure 1. When setting up a microwave link, antenna alignment is nothing more than steering the main lobes of both antennas until the main lobe of one transmitter is centered on the receiving element of the receiving antenna.Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam PatternAntennas are also designed to radiate RF energy efficiently for a specific range of frequencies. Please consult the data sheet for your particular antenna make and model to ensure that it is specified to operate in the 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz frequency band for the TRACER 5045 system.Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna HeightsFresnel zones correspond to regions in the microwave path where reflections of the intended signal occur and combine in both constructive and destructive manners with the main signal, thereby either enhancing or reducing the net power at the receiver.In general, the odd numbered Fresnel zones (1, 3, 5, ...) add constructively at the receiver, while the even numbered Fresnel zones (2, 4, 6, ...) add destructively at the receiver.main lobeside lobes
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 5045 System Manual 22 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1AThe first Fresnel zone corresponds to the main lobe, 60% of which must be free of physical obstructions for the path calculations to be valid. Since the main lobe contains the vast majority of the microwave energy, this zone is typically used to determine proper antenna heights when placing antennas on towers or buildings.The curvature of the Earth becomes a legitimate obstruction for path lengths of 7 miles or greater, and must also be accounted for when determining minimum antenna heights.The aggregate expression for minimum antenna height that incorporates both the 60% first Fresnel zone and the Earth’s curvature is given bywhere f is in GHz and d is in miles.Table 4 tabulates minimum antenna heights for given path lengths.Table 4. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path LengthsPath Length(miles)Min. Antenna Height(ft)22243264185010 6014 8116 9218 10420 11722 13124 14526 16128 17730 19432 21334 23236 252h72.1d4f-----0.125d2+= (feet)
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 237. OTHER CONSIDERATIONSPath AvailabilityThe path availability of a wireless link is a metric that expresses the fractional amount of time a link is available over some fixed amount of time, and depends on several factors. Path availability is expressed aswhere the parameters areaterrain factorbclimate factorfcarrier frequency (GHz)dpath length (miles)Ffade margin (dB)Terrain Factor (a)The terrain factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of terrain. Generally speaking, the more smooth an area's terrain is, the less availability a wireless link running over that terrain will have, primarily due to multipath reflections. In contrast, secondary microwave signals will be randomly dispersed over rough terrain, and will not interfere with the main signal lobe as badly as in the smooth terrain case. The terrain factor values normally used are listed below:Climate Factor (b)The climate factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of climates (weather). In general, microwave links operating in areas with high humidity will have less availability than those in arid areas, primarily because water is a dispersive mechanism to microwave energy, and causes the main signal lobe to refract and disperse away from the receiver location. The climate factor values normally used are listed below:Terrain Terrain Factor DescriptionSmooth 4water, flat desertAverage 1moderate roughnessMountainous 1/4 very rough, mountainousClimate Climate Factor DescriptionVery Dry 1/8 desert regionsTemperate 1/4 mainland, interior regionHumid 1/2 humid and coastal regionsA12.5106–×()abfd310 F10⁄–()–[]100%×=(%)
Section 2 Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 5045 System Manual 24 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A
612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 25ENGINEERING GUIDELINESProvides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 5045 system into their networks.CONTENTSEquipment Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Reviewing the Front Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26RSSI Monitoring Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26TX PWR Monitoring Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Reviewing the TRACER 4208 Rear Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28RS-232 Connection (DB-25) — Terminal Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28RS-232 Connection (Modem Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Test (1/4” bantam). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30T1 Connections (RJ-48C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Alarm Contacts (Plug-In Terminal Block) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31DC Power Connection (Plug-In Terminal Block) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Antenna Interface (N-Type connector) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32At-A-Glance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32FIGURESFigure 1. TRACER 4208 Front Panel Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 2. TRACER 4208 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28TABLESTable 1. TRACER 4208 Front Panel Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Table 2. TRACER 4208 LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Table 1. Rear Panel Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Table 2. RS-232 Connection Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 3. TRACER 4208 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) Diagram (DB-25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 4. TRACER 4208 (DCE) to Personal Computer (DB-9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 5. TRACER 4208 (DCE) to Modem (DCE - DB-25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Table 6. T1 Interface Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Table 7. Alarm Contact Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Table 8. DC Power Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Table 9. At-A-Glance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 5045 System Manual 26 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A1. EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONSThe TRACER 5045 unit is 19” W, 10.5” D, and 1.75” H, weighs 7 lbs, and can be used in rack-mount configurations.2. POWER REQUIREMENTSThe TRACER 5045 system has a maximum power consumption of XXXX W and a maximum current draw of XXXX A (at 21 VDC).3. REVIEWING THE FRONT PANEL DESIGNThe front panel contains RSSI monitoring interface, a GND interface for reference with RSSI, and status LEDs to provide visual information about the TRACER 5045 system. Figure 1 identifies the various bantam interfaces and the LEDs.Figure 1. TRACER 5045 Front Panel LayoutRSSI Monitoring InterfaceThe RSSI voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiver and is used to measure the received signal strength. RSSI varies approximately from 0 to greater than 4 Volts (V), with 0V corresponding to a weaker received signal and 4V or better corresponding to a stronger received signal.Front Panel LEDsWith the TRACER 5045 powered-on, the front panel LEDs provide visual information about the status of the TRACER 5045 system. Table 1 provides a brief description of the front panel features, and Table 2 on page 27 provides detailed information about the LEDs.The voltage level present at the RSSI test point represents only a relative signal level of receive strength from the far end. No direct correlation can be made between RSSI voltage levels and actual receive levels in dBm. This test point is provided to assess relative signal level for alignment of antennas.Table 1. TRACER 5045 Front Panel DescriptionFeature DescriptionRSSI Interface DC voltage indicating strength of the received signal at the antennaGND Interface Ground reference for the RSSI interfaceStatus LEDs Status information about the systemLAN WAN PLAN RF1GNDRSSI2 3 4TRACER 5045Status LEDsGNDRSSI
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 274. REVIEWING THE TRACER 5045 REAR PANEL DESIGNFigure 2 identifies the various features of the TRACER 5045 rear panel and Table 1 on page 26 provides a brief description of each interface. Figure 2. TRACER 5045 Rear PanelTable 2. TRACER 5045 LEDsFor these LEDs... This color light... Indicates that...PWRGreen (solid) the TRACER 5045 is connected to a power source.Off the TRACER 5045 is not currently powered up.TST Amber (solid) there is an active test being performed by the system or there is an active loopback.LAN (1–4)Green there is a valid 10/100BaseT/TX link.Amber (blinks with activity) there is data transmitting on the 10/100BaseT/TX LAN interface.WANGreen there is a valid wireless link. Amber (blinks with activity) there is data transmitting over the wireless link.PLAN AGreen (solid) the TRACER 5045 is transmitting on Frequency Plan A.Off the TRACER 5045 is not transmitting on Frequency Plan A.PLAN BGreen (solid) the TRACER 5045 is transmitting on Frequency Plan B.Off the TRACER 5045 is not transmitting on Frequency Plan B.RF LOW Red (solid) the RSSI level is below suggested minimum threshold (approximately 10 dBm above the minimum receive sensitivity).RF DOWN Red (solid) there is a communication problem between the local and remote TRACER 5045 systems.LNK ACT LNK ACT LNK ACT LNK ACT1210/100 BASE - T/ TX34AAntennaDC PowerConnection ConnectorRS232 Interface(VT100 Terminal)GroundLugFuseAlarmContactsTestEGBCDFHEthernetInterfaces
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 5045 System Manual 28 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1ARS-232 Connection (DB-25) — Terminal UseThe RS-232 connector provides a female DB-25 terminal connection (wired as a DCE interface), which is used for terminal access to the TRACER 5045 system. The RS-232 port provides the following functions:• Accepts EIA-232 input from a PC or terminal for controlling the TRACER 5045 system• Operates at 9600 bpsTable 2 on page 28 shows the pinout. Wiring diagrams for connecting to the RS-232 connector (for various applications) are provided following the pinout.Table 1. Rear Panel Description11 Detailed discussions (including pinouts) of rear panel components (where applicable) follow the table.Name Connector DescriptionARS-232 DB-25 (female) VT100 terminal (or PC with terminal emulation software) connectionBTes t 1/4” bantam QPSK constellation test pointC10/100BaseT/TX RJ-48C 10/100BaseT/TX Ethernet interfaces for LAN connections.DAlarm Terminal block External alarm monitoring system connectionEDC Power Terminal block 21-60 VDC power source connectionFFuse N/A 1 A, 250 V, 2 inch slow-blo fuseGAntenna N-Type Antenna feedline cable connectionHGround Lug N/A Earth ground connectionTable 2. RS-232 Connection Pinout PIN NAME DESCRIPTION1, 7 GND Ground2TX Transmit3RX Receive4RTS Request To Send5CTS Clear To Send6DSR Data Set Ready (Modem Control Only)8CD Carrier Detect9-19 —Unused20 DTR Data Terminal Ready (Modem Control Only)21 —Unused22 RI Ring Indicator23-25 —Unused
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 29RS-232 Connection (Modem Use)Modem controls, discussed in Section 5, User Interface Guide, enable or disable modem control through the RS-232 interface. When this option is enabled from a standard terminal connection, all RS-232 communications cease until a modem with a null modem adapter is attached between the TRACER 5045 and the data modem. Configure the data modem for AUTO ANSWER and 9600 BPS. When the user connects via the modem to the TRACER 5045 unit, communications via the RS-232 port resume. If a user accidentally enables modem control from a terminal and disrupts the RS-232 communication, pressing <Ctrl + Z> three times will temporarily disable the modem control option (until the system is reset) and will access the system configuration to disable modem control.The TRACER 5045 must be interfaced to a modem via an RS-232 null modem adapter or cable. The null modem converts Clear To Send (CTS) and Data Set Ready (DSR) into Ready To Send (RTS) and Data Terminal Ready (DTR), respectively. These signals indicate (to most modems) that a valid DTE terminal device is present. The null modem interface must route Carrier Detect (CD) on pin 8 directly from the modem. When using the RS-232 interface for modem control, the modem must source CD only when actually connected to a carrier.When MODEM CONNECTION is selected in the menu system, the TRACER 5045 will de-assert DTR and DSR for a time greater than 20 msec. The null modem consequently drops DTR and RTS at the modem interface, signaling the modem to hang up the line. If password functionality is enabled in the TRACER Table 3. TRACER 5045 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) Diagram (DB-25)PIN NAME PIN NAME2TX 2TX3RX 3RX4RTS 4RTS5CTS 5CTS6DSR 6DSR7 GND 7 GNDTable 4. TRACER 5045 (DCE) to Personal Computer (DB-9)PIN NAME PIN NAME2TX 2TX3RX 3RX4RTS 7RTS5CTS 8CTS6DSR 6DSR7 GND 5 GND
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 5045 System Manual 30 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A5045, selecting MODEM CONNECTION resets the TRACER 5045 to the password entry screen.Table 5 contains the wiring diagram needed for connecting the TRACER 5045 RS-232 interface to a modem using the null modem adapter.Test (1/4” bantam)The TEST interface displays the QPSK constellation when connected to an Oscilloscope in X/Y mode. This test point is for technicians experienced in microwave technology and should be used primarily when dealing with ADTRAN Technical Support.10/100BaseT/TX Connections (RJ-48C)The physical Ethernet interfaces are provided by four RJ-48C jacks that deliver 10/100BaseT/TX interfaces for LAN connectivity. Each port has a green LINK LED to indicate a valid link and an amber ACT LED that blinks with data activity on the interface.Hangup-on-DTR-drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems.Table 5. TRACER 5045 (DCE) to Modem (DCE - DB-25)PIN NAME PIN NAME2TX 3RX3RX 2TX4RTS 5CTS5CTS 4RTS6DSR 20 DTR7GND 7 GND8CD 8CDTable 6. 10/100BaseT/Tx Interface PinoutPIN NAME DESCRIPTION1TX1 Transmit positive2TX2 Transmit negative3RX1 Receive positive4,5 —Unused6RX2 Receive negative7, 8 —Unused
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 31Alarm Contacts (Plug-In Terminal Block)Normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) alarm contacts are provided on the rear panel of the TRACER 5045 system. In normal operation, the NC contact is electrically connected to the common contact (COM) and the NO contact is isolated. During an alarm condition, the NC contact becomes isolated and the NO is electrically connected to COM. This allows alarm conditions to be reported to external alarm monitoring systems.DC Power Connection (Plug-In Terminal Block)The TRACER 5045 can operate from a supply between 21 and 60 VDC, with either polarity referenced to ground, and consumes less than XXXX Watts (W). Power supplies should be able to provide up to XXXX W at the selected voltage. Current required (in Amps) is determined by dividing the power consumed (in Watts) by the applied voltage (in Volts). For example, at 48 V, TRACER 5045 would draw approximately XXXX A (XXXX W/48 V).FuseThe fuse holder, accessible from the rear panel of the TRACER 5045, accepts a generic 1 A, 250 V, 2-inch slow-blo fuse.Antenna Interface (N-Type connector)The ANTENNA interface (N-Type connector) connects to the customer-supplied antenna using standard antenna feedline cable. When determining the cable specifications for your application, refer to Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics (System Losses (L) on page 18) for a discussion on cable length and loss factors.5. AT-A-GLANCE SPECIFICATIONSTable 9 on page 32 contains a list of specifications for the TRACER 5045 system.Table 7. Alarm Contact Connector PinoutPIN NAME DESCRIPTION1 COM Common Contact2NO Normally-Open Contact3NC Normally-Closed ContactTable 8. DC Power Connector PinoutPIN NAME DESCRIPTION1 + Positive Lead (referenced to ground)2 - Negative Lead (referenced to ground)
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 5045 System Manual 32 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1ATable 9. At-A-Glance Specifications Hardware Description SpecificationTransmitterOutput Power +20 dBm, maxFrequency Range 5725 to 5850 MHzReceiverReceive Level, Minimum -78 dBm Receive Level, Maximum -30 dBmReceive Level, Nominal -55 dBmFrequency PlanPlan A Tx 5.750 GHz, Rx 5.800 GHzPlan B Tx 5.800 GHz, Rx 5.750 GHz10/100BaseT/TX InterfacesConnection four RJ-48C jacks with auto MDI/MDIX crossoverFlow Control backpressure flow control on all full-duplex interfacesFraming ESF, D4User InterfacePanel Alarm LEDsDiagnostics Line and Link LoopbacksTes t P o i nt s QPSK Constellation and RSSIAlarms Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC)VT100 TerminalMenu Driven User Interface, Control of the Remote End, Optional Password Protection, Event History, Ethernet StatisticsVT100 Terminal InterfaceData Rate 9600 bpsData Bits 8Parity NoneStop Bits 1Terminal Emulation VT100Mechanical and EnvironmentalOperating Temperature -25° C to 65° CSize 17.12” W x 10.5” D x 1.75” HHumidity 95%, Non-condensingWeight 7 lbs
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 3 Engineering Guidelines612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 33PowerInput Voltage 21 to 60 VDC, either polarity referenced to groundPower Consumption < XXXX WattsConnector 2 pin terminal block (DC)Fuse 1A, 250V slow-blo fuse (2-inch)Table 9. At-A-Glance Specifications (Continued)Hardware Description Specification
Section 3 Engineering Guidelines TRACER 5045 System Manual 34 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A
612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 35NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURECONTENTSIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Unpack and Inspect the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Contents of ADTRAN Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Customer Provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Grounding Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Supplying Power to the Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Mounting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Connecting the T1 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37FIGURESFigure 1. 5.8 GHz Bandwidth Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 5045 System Manual36 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A1. INTRODUCTIONThis section discusses the installation process of the TRACER 5045 system.2. TOOLS REQUIREDThe tools required for the installation of the TRACER 5045 are:• VT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation software• RS-232 (DB-25 male for TRACER 5045) cable for connecting to terminal3. UNPACK AND INSPECT THE SYSTEMEach TRACER 5045 is shipped in its own cardboard shipping carton. Open each carton carefully and avoid deep penetration into the carton with sharp objects. After unpacking the unit, inspect it for possible shipping damage. If the equipment has been damaged in transit, immediately file a claim with the carrier, then contact ADTRAN Customer Service (see Customer Service, Product Support Information, and Training information in the front of this manual).Contents of ADTRAN ShipmentYour ADTRAN shipment includes the following items:• TRACER 5045 Unit• TRACER 5045 Quick Start Guide• TRACER 5045 Documentation CDCustomer ProvidesThe following items are necessary for the installation of the TRACER 5045 system and are not provided by ADTRAN:• 21 to 60 VDC power source (or AC adapter available from ADTRAN P/N 1280650L1), either polarity referenced to ground• Antenna and mounting hardware• Antenna feedline cable• Four Ethernet cablesChanges or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.To prevent electrical shock, do not install equipment in a wet location or during a lightning storm.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 374. CHANNEL SELECTIONThe FCC has allocated 125 MHz of spectrum in the 5.8 GHz band where the TRACER 5045 operates. Figure 1 illustrates the bandwidth division. Figure 1. 5.8 GHz Bandwidth DivisionTo designate the utilization of the ISM bandwidth, there are two different channel plans, labeled A and B. The letter of each channel plan setting is preset by the factory and refers to the physical configuration of the diplexer filter inside the environmental housing. The bandplans must be the same for the local and remote TRACER 5045. For example, the transmitter at one end of the link will transmit in the lower portion of the spectrum and receive in the upper portion. Consequently, the receiver at the other end should receive in the lower portion and transmit in the upper portion.The letter of the channel plan (A or B) must be different on both ends. Shipment of a link will consist of one Plan A and Plan B unit.5. GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONSThe following provides grounding instruction information from the Underwriters’ Laboratory UL 60950 Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment, of December, 2000.An equipment grounding conductor that is not smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors is to be installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product or system. Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors are acceptable. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green with one or more yellow stripes. The equipment grounding conductor is to be connected to ground at the service equipment.The attachment-plug receptacles in the vicinity of the product or system are all to be of a grounding type, and the equipment grounding conductors serving these receptacles are to be connected to earth ground at the service equipment.A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be installed between the product or system and ground that is in addition to the equipment grounding conductor in the power supply cord.The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall not be smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors. The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be connected to the product at the terminal provided, and shall be connected to ground in a manner that will retain the A57475725MHz 5850MHzB5827
Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 5045 System Manual38 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1Aground connection when the product is unplugged from the receptacle. The connection to ground of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be in compliance with the rules for terminating bonding jumpers at Part K or Article 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70. Termination of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor is permitted to be made to building steel, to a metal electrical raceway system, or to any grounded item that is permanently and reliably connected to the electrical service equipment ground.The supplemental grounding conductor shall be connected to the equipment using a number 8 ring terminal and should be fastened to the grounding lug provided on the rear panel of the equipment. The ring terminal should be installed using the appropriate crimping tool (AMP P/N 59250 T-EAD Crimping Tool or equivalent.)6. SUPPLYING POWER TO THE UNITThe TRACER 5045 can operate from a supply between 21 and 60 VDC, with either polarity referenced to ground. Power supplies should be able to provide up to XXXX Watts at the selected voltage. A dual pin terminal plug accepts power at the rear panel of the unit, providing a + and - polarity reference point. Adapters for this plug are available (P/N 1175043L2) and are furnished with the unit and optional power supply (P/N 1280650L1).7. MOUNTING OPTIONSInstall the TRACER 5045 in a location that requires minimal antenna feedline length (the loss in this cable directly affects overall system performance). The TRACER 5045 is designed to be mounted in a rack. If multiple units are installed in one location, one half inch of spacing is recommended above and below the unit.8. CONNECTING THE ETHERNET INTERFACESThe physical Ethernet interfaces are provided using four RJ-48C jacks. Ethernet cables are not supplied with your shipment. Connect any standard Ethernet device to one of the bridge ports located on the rear of the unit.The supplemental equipment grounding terminal is located on the rear panel of the TRACER 5045.• This unit shall be installed in accordance with Article 400 and 364.8 of the NEC NFPA 70 when installed outside of a Restricted Access Location (i.e., central office, behind a locked door, service personnel only area).• Power to the TRACER 5045 DC system must be from a reliably grounded 21-60 VDC source which is electrically isolated from the AC source.• The branch circuit overcurrent protection shall be a fuse or circuit breaker rated minimum 60 VDC, maximum 10A.• A readily accessible disconnect device that is suitably approved and rated shall be incorporated in the field wiring.
612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 39USER INTERFACE GUIDEProvides detailed descriptions of all menu options and configuration parameters available for the TRACER 5045.This section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 5045 System Manual is designed for use by network administrators and others who will configure and provision the system. It contains information about navigating the VT100 user interface, configuration information, and menu descriptions.CONTENTSNavigating the Terminal Menu 62Terminal Menu Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Navigating using the Keyboard Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Terminal Menu and System Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Selecting the Appropriate Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Security Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Menu Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Menu 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64FIGURESFigure 1. Top-Level Terminal Menu Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Figure 2. Alternate Menu View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Figure 3. System Info Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Figure 4. System Status Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Figure 5. System Config Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Figure 6. System Utility Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Figure 7. View Selftest Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Figure 8. Modules Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Figure 9. T1/PRI Loopback Test Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Figure 10. E1/PRA Network Loopback Test Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Figure 11. T1/PRI Loopback Test Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Figure 12. T1/PRI Loopback Test Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Figure 13. HSSI Interface Loopback Test Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Figure 14. Packet Manager Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190Figure 15. Router Menu (IP Selected). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Figure 16. Dedicated Maps Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Figure 17. Circuit Status Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250Figure 18. Dial Plan Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 40 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A1. NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENUThe TRACER 5045 menu system can be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal that is connected to the RS-232 port located on the back of the unit and set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. Flow control on the serial interface should be configured to NONE for proper operation. Once a terminal is connected, press <Ctrl + L> to refresh the current screen. If password access has been enabled, the ENTER PASSWORD message displays at the bottom of the TRACER 5045 System Status menu. Terminal Menu WindowThe TRACER 5045 uses a series of menu pages and a single main menu page to access its many features. The main menu page (see Figure 1) provides a link to all available configuration/status pages.Figure 1. Main Menu ScreenAll TRACER 5045 systems are shipped factory default with password protection disabled.After connecting a VT100 terminal to the TRACER 5045, press <Ctrl + L> to redraw the current screen.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 41Navigating using the Keyboard KeysYou can use various keystrokes to move through the terminal menu, to manage a terminal menu session, and to configure the system.Moving Through the MenusSession Management Keystrokes2. TERMINAL MENU AND SYSTEM CONTROLPassword ProtectionThe TRACER 5045 provides optional password protection of the terminal interface. If enabled, a password prompt is presented at power-up, reboot, modem logout, or after ten minutes of inactivity on the terminal. The password is enabled and defined via the system configuration menu.To do this... Press this key...Move up to select items Up ArrowMove down to select items Down ArrowEdit a selected menu item EnterScroll through configuration parameters for a menu item SpacebarLeft/Right ArrowsP or N (Prev/Next)Cancel an edit EscapeReturn to Main Menu page MAccess the TRACER 5045 Status page 0Access the STRACER 5045 System Configuration Menu 1Display the TRACER 5045 Link Performance History 2Display the TRACER 5045 Ethernet Switch Status page 3To do this... Press this key...Log into a session SpacebarRefresh the screenTo save time, only the portion of the screen that has changed is refreshed. <Ctrl + L>All TRACER 5045 systems are shipped factory default with password protection disabled.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 42 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A3. MENU DESCRIPTIONSThe remainder of this section describes the TRACER 5045 menus and submenus. >TRACER SYSTEM STATUSFigure 2 shows the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page. The status of major system components for both sides of the TRACER link are displayed, but no configuration can be performed from this view.Figure 2. TRACER 5045 System StatusA. Elapsed TimeThe top of the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page displays the elapsed time the TRACER 5045 system has been operational since the last power reset.B. Contact InformationThe ADTRAN technical Support toll-free contact number is located directly beneath the elapsed time display at the top of the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page.The menu structure of the TRACER 5045 system is depicted below as follows:> MENU PAGE> MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION> MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > SUB-MENUAElapsedTimeBContactInformationFLocalGFrequencyIRx PowerCRF StatusDEthernetERemoteGIRx PowerJTx PowerJTx PowerKNavigation ReminderStatus TracerSTATUSPlan FrequencyPlanTRACERStatusHRx QualityHRx Quality
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 43C. RF StatusA graphical indicator of the TRACER RF links is located beneath the Technical Support contact number. The status of the received radio link is indicated as RF UP or RF DOWN for each direction. This RF status display corresponds to the RF DOWN LED on the front of the unit.D. Ethernet StatusA visual status of current configuration and alarms for each 10/100BaseT/TX ethernet interface (for both the local and remote TRACER systems) is provided on the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page. 1 through 4 displayed in reverse highlight indicates an active alarm condition (no active link). The current operational speed of each ethernet interface (10BT or 100BT) indicates whether the interfaces is 10BaseT or 100BaseTX. A separate ethernet status page is accessible from the main menu to provide detailed ethernet information.E. Remote TRACER StatusThe right portion of the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page reports the status of the remote TRACER 5045 (the system across the wireless link from the active terminal). If the RF link is down, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the remote system status information.F. Local TRACER StatusThe left portion of the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page reports the status of the local TRACER 5045 (the system where the active terminal is attached). G. Frequency PlanDisplays the frequency plan (A or B) for the TRACER 5045 unit. For an operational TRACER 5045 system you should have one A and one B frequency plan.H. Rx QualityDisplays an indicator of receive signal quality that is not necessarily related to receive signal level (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols displayed, the better the signal quality. This indicator is related to signal-to-noise ratio and features a colon (:) marker to indicate 1x10-6 bit error rate. This indicator is useful as a diagnostic tool to help identify interference, as the system may have high receive signal level and poor signal quality in situations where interference is an issue.I. Rx PowerDisplays the approximate receiver levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).J. Tx PowerDisplays the approximate transmitter levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).K. Navigation RemindersDisplays system navigation reminders. For more details on system navigation, refer to Navigating the Terminal Menu on page 40.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 44 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A>MAIN MENUThe TRACER 5045 Main Menu page provides access to all other configuration/status pages. Figure 3 shows the TRACER 5045 Main Menu page.Figure 3. TRACER 5045 Main MenuFrom the keyboard, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the available pages, or enter the number or letter of the selected page (to highlight the menu page) and press <Enter>.Press <m> from any menu in the TRACER 5045 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER 5045 Main Menu page.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 45>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONFigure 4 shows the TRACER 5045 System Configuration menu page. System configuration parameters for both the local and remote TRACER 5045 units are available through this menu page.Figure 4. TRACER 5045 System Configuration>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > RX POWERDisplays the approximate receiver levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE displays in place of the symbols (#). This parameter is display only.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > TX POWERAllows the transmitter levels (for both the local and remote units) to be adjusted. The current transmitter level is displayed using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE displays in place of the symbols (#).Press <C> from any menu in the TRACER 5045 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Configuration menu page.Reducing the transmitter power of the remote TRACER 5045 could negatively impact the TRACER RF link.
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 46 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > SITE NAMEProvides a user-defined alphanumeric description (up to 25 characters) for the TRACER 5045 system.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONTROLConfigures the modem control leads on the RS-232 port (terminal interface located on the rear panel of the unit). Set MODEM CONTROL to ENABLED when connecting the unit to a modem (using a null modem adapter). Setting MODEM CONTROL to DISABLED prevents the TRACER 5045 from monitoring DCD and enables data to be sent to the VT100 continuously. MODEM CONTROL must be set to DISABLED when the VT100 terminal is in use. The TRACER 5045 comes factory programmed with MODEM CONTROL set to DISABLED.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONNECTION (LOGOUT)Causes the TRACER 5045 to de-assert Clear To Send (CTS) and DSR for a time greater than 20 msec. This signals the modem to disconnect the analog connection. Hangup-On-DTR-Drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems. If PASSWORD PROTECTION is ENABLED, this menu also causes the unit to close the current session and return to the TRACER System Status menu page and wait for password input.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PASSWORD ENABLEConfigures password protection for the VT100 terminal interface. Password protection for the TRACER 5045 requires password input from the TRACER 5045 System Status menu page when connecting to the unit. When configured for password protection, the TRACER 5045 closes any terminal session that remains inactive for more than 10 minutes. The TRACER 5045 comes factory programmed with PASSWORD ENABLE set to DISABLED. >TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PASSWORDSets the password for password protection of the TRACER 5045 VT100 terminal interface. Enter up to 8 alphanumeric characters. The system password is case sensitive.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PERFORMANCE STATS (CLEAR)Resets all system error counters for the TRACER 5045.Press <Ctrl+Z> three times from the terminal interface to disable MODEM CONTROL when the modem control leads are active.The default password for the TRACER 5045 is tracer.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 47>TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORYFigure 5 shows the TRACER 5045 Link Performance History menu page, which displays detailed error statistics and received signal level for the RF link (from both the local and remote TRACER 5045 units) in 15-minute increments. Figure 5. TRACER Link Performance HistoryThe minimum received signal level (MIN RSL) is represented as a numerical value from 0 to 255 with 0 corresponding to no receive power and 255 corresponding to an extremely strong signal. The minimum received signal level is directly related to RSSI.The error count and received signal level for the most recent 24 hours are recorded and displayed on the right side of the page. The left side of the page displays the 24 hour totals for the most recent 7 days. Press <N> to view the next 8 hours worth of 15-minute totals and <P> to view the previous 8 hours.Press <L> from any menu in the TRACER 5045 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Link Performance History menu page.24 Hours7 Days
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 48 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A>ETHERNET SWITCH STATUSFigure 5 shows the Ethernet Switch Status menu page, which displays transmit and receive data statistics for the ethernet and WAN interfaces (from both the local and remote TRACER 5045 units). Figure 6. TRACER Link Performance History>ETHERNET SWITCH STATUS > TX PACKETSDisplays a counter of all data packets transmitted out the local and remote TRACER ethernet and WAN (wireless link) interfaces. Use this data as an indicator for how many packets are being transmitted between the four ethernet interfaces versus being transmitted over the wireless link.>ETHERNET SWITCH STATUS > TX PACKETS DROPPEDDisplays a counter of all transmit data packets that were unable to be transmitted out the individual ethernet or WAN (wireless link) interfaces (for both the local and remote TRACER units). Use this data as an indicator of congestion on the ethernet network segments.>ETHERNET SWITCH STATUS > RX PACKETSDisplays a counter of all data packets received on the local and remote TRACER ethernet and WAN (wireless link) interfaces. Use this data as an indicator for how many packets are being received on the four ethernet interfaces versus being received over the wireless link.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 5 User Interface Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 49>ETHERNET SWITCH STATUS > RX PACKETS DROPPEDDisplays a counter of all received data packets that were unable to be processed and transmitted out the individual ethernet or WAN (wireless link) interfaces (for both the local and remote TRACER units). Use this data as an indicator of congestion on the ethernet network segments.>ETHERNET SWITCH STATUS > RX PACKET ERRORSDisplays a counter of all received data packets that contained errors and were unable to be processed and transmitted out the individual ethernet or WAN (wireless link) interfaces (for both the local and remote TRACER units).
Section 5 User Interface Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 50 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A
612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 51TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDEProvides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 5045.CONTENTSOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56PWR LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56TST LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56RF DOWN LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56RF LOW LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57T1 Interface Alarm LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57RF Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Step-by-Step Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Installing/Troubleshooting the TRACER Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Installing/Configuring T1 Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 52 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A1. OVERVIEWThis troubleshooting guide provides recommended actions for various conditions of the TRACER 5045 system. The status LEDs (located on the front panel of the unit) provide information to help determine the necessary troubleshooting action. Recommended actions for resolving possible status LED indicators are contained in this guide.2. LED INDICATORSPWR LEDIf the PWR LED is not ON and solid green, it is an indicator that the TRACER 5045 is not receiving adequate DC power. Recommended Actions:1. Verify that the power source is delivering between 21 and 60 VDC.2. Check the polarity of the power connection (referenced to ground) of both the TRACER 5045 unit and the power source.3. Check the internal fuse. The fuse is accessed from the rear panel of the unit. If this fuse is open, replace with a 1 A, 250 V (2-inch) slow-blo fuse.TST LEDThe TST LED will remain ON (solid amber) during power-up to indicate a self-test is in progress. If the TST LED is blinking or remains ON after 10 seconds, this indicates that the TRACER 5045 unit has failed the self-test. This is an internal failure, and ADTRAN technical support should be contacted.RF DOWN LEDIf the RF DOWN LED is ON (solid red), it is an indicator that there is a problem with the RF link to the TRACER 5045.Recommended Actions:1. Check the RF coaxial cable connection.2. Measure the RSSI voltage. If the signal is acceptable (> 2.0 VDC at RSSI test point), go to Step 6.3. Verify that one end of the link is configured as Plan A and the other end as Plan B.4. Verify that the antenna polarization is the same at both ends of the RF signal transmit and receive path.5. Verify the RF signal path is clear.6. Check for possible interference at both ends of the link. If necessary, change polarization and/or bandplans at both ends.7. Check the integrity of the lightning arrestors.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 53RF LOW LEDIf the RF LOW LED is ON (solid red), it is an indicator that the received signal is within 10 dB (approximately) of the minimum operable signal. This condition is typically indicative of a path problem.Recommended Actions:1. Verify the far-end transmitter power setting is the value that the link planning budget allows.2. Check all coaxial cable connectors for solid connections. Check for water and corrosion around any of the connectors. If water is apparent in the coaxial connectors, replace the coaxial cable and the connectors, making sure to properly weatherproof the replacements.3. Verify the RF signal path by verifying the antenna alignment.4. Check the integrity of the cable plant.5. Check the integrity of lightning arrestors.LAN LEDsIf the LAN LED is OFF, it is an indication that the TRACER 5045 does not detect an active ethernet link on the particular 10/100BaseT/TX interface. Recommended Actions:1. Check all ethernet cable connections to verify they are properly plugged in (making sure the tab on the connector snaps into place). 2. Connect the 10/100BaseT/TX interface to a “known good” ethernet port to verify the TRACER port is functioning properly.3. Try another ethernet cable.3. RF ERRORSRF errors can range anywhere from a nonviable microwave path to loose RF connectors.Nonviable path conditions could be caused by physical obstructions such as buildings, moutainous terrain, trees, etc., as well as other physical limitations such as excessive path distances and in-band RF interference. These types of errors are remedied by performing a detailed line-of-site microwave path study to determine whether a microwave link is feasible for the terrain and environment under consideration.If after performing a microwave path study the system is still not operational, ensure that the antennas are properly aligned. Note that alignment must be achieved in both elevation and azimuth for optimal link performance. The TRACER 5045 can be used to aid in antenna alignment by looking at the RX POWER “fuel gauge” on the System Status or System Configuration menu pages. Optimal antenna alignment will correspond to the maximum number of RSSI bars on the TRACER 5045 terminal display.4. STEP-BY-STEP TROUBLESHOOTINGThe logical troubleshooting flow presented in this section can be used to set up your TRACER 5045 system, and also to diagnose a previously installed system. Please contact ADTRAN Technical support at any stage during installation and/or troubleshooting if you require assistance.
Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 54 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A5. INSTALLING/TROUBLESHOOTING THE TRACER HARDWARE1. Perform a detailed path profile and link budget for each TRACER 5045 microwave link. A thorough path study can be used to estimate signal power budgets, fade margins at each receiver, identity potential line-of-site obstacles, properly size antenna dishes, and determine minimum antenna dish heights above the earth.2. Setup all of the TRACER hardware on a workbench. ADTRAN recommends that the actual cables used in the permanent installation be used in the workbench setup. A rigorous workbench “simulation” of the link will help alleviate and avoid time-consuming errors.3. Examine the PLAN A and PLAN B LEDs on the front panel of each unit. These LEDs indicate the frequency plan for each TRACER 5045 unit. The frequency plan (Plan A, Plan B) LED should be the opposite on the TRACER 5045 units. 4. Attach the RF coaxial cables to be used in the permanent installation to the N-type connectors on the back of the TRACER 5045 unit. Attach the other end of the coaxial cable(s) to an RF power meter or spectrum analyzer, if either is available. The power measured by the meter/analyzer will be the RF power available at the input of the antenna. The TRACER 5045 unit is programmed at the factory to output approximately 100 mW (20 dBm) of RF power. The actual power level measured by the meter/analyzer will be less than 100 mW due to RF losses through the coaxial cable, and is a function of the cable type and length being used. In any event, the power level at the output of the coaxial cable should be a significant fraction of 100 mW. A power meter/analyzer reading that is not on the order of at least tens-of-milliwatts could be an indication of any combination of either unsuitable RF, faulty, or unreasonably long coaxial cable.5. Resolve all RF coaxial cabling errors before proceeding.6. Attach the RF coaxial cables to a high-quality attenuator, if possible. If you do not have an attenuator, attach the coaxial cables to the antennas to be used in the permanent installation. If the installation antennas are not available, small, inexpensive dipole or patch antennas can be used for verification purposes. If an adjustable attenuator is being used, dial in the amount of attenuation that corresponds to the path loss value expected for the microwave link in which the TRACER hardware will be installed. The path loss value can be calculated from a knowledge of the path length, or provided by a path study. Remember to subtract both antenna gain values from the attenuator level if these values have not already be accounted for.7. After setting up the RF pieces, examine the RF DOWN LED on the front panel of each TRACER 5045 unit. If the RF DOWN LED is illuminated (red), the corresponding TRACER 5045 is not receiving a suitable RF signal from the other TRACER 5045 unit. In this case, the receiving TRACER 5045 is either receiving a very weak signal, or no signal at all. If the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated, then the TRACER 5045 units are receiving a suitable RF signal. Suitable RF power levels for low error rate communication will range from -30 dBm to -78 dBm measured at the N-type connector input on the TRACER 5045 unit.8. Resolve any signal level issues before proceeding.ADTRAN provides a wireless link planning tool on our website. This link budget tool is constructed as an easy to use spreadsheet with dropdown menus so that the user can quickly change any of the link parameters (antenna size, coaxial cable type and length, frequency band, link distance, etc) and instantly see how the microwave path availability is affected. This tool is available at www.adtran.com/wireless and can be used online or downloaded for standalone use.
TRACER 5045 System Manual Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide612805045L1-1A © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 559. Examine the RF LOW LED on the front panel of each TRACER 5045. If this LED is illuminated, then the TRACER 5045 is receiving a relatively weak signal; however, if the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated, then the received signal is being suitably processed by the TRACER 5045 system. If you are receiving a weak signal (RF LOW is ON), please verify that the weak signal is not being caused by a faulty cable, an insufficiently tightened cable, or some other installation-related problem. Also, make sure an unreasonably large attenuation value has not been selected if you are using an attenuator on a workbench setup. Use the tables in Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics, of this manual to select the proper free-space attenuation value (in dB) based on the estimated length of the microwave path. Remember to subtract both antenna gains (local and remote) from the attenuator setting.10. Command a link loopback in one TRACER 5045 unit and run a test pattern from the connected T1 equipment. This will verify the data path between the T1 equipment and the TRACER 5045 unit. Installing/Configuring T1 Hardware1. If possible, attach any or all of the intended T1 hardware to the TRACER 5045 units using the same workbench setup. This step offers the perfect opportunity to configure your T1 hardware for proper functioning with the TRACER hardware.2. To significantly reduce the probability of an unsuccessful field installation, resolve any remaining T1 equipment-to-TRACER 5045 configuration issues before field installation.External pattern generators are required to test data path integrity. A T1 BERT tester is suggested.
Section 6 Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 5045 System Manual 56 © 2003 ADTRAN, Inc. 612805045L1-1A

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