Airgo Networks AGN1023PC0000 802.11a/b/g WLAN User Manual

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Date Submitted	2004-07-30 00:00:00
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Document Title	Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Installation and User Guide
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Document Author:	Airgo Networks

Installation and User
Guide
Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Airgo Networks, Inc.
900 Arastradero Road
Palo Alto, CA 94304
P: 650-475-1900
F: 650-475-1708
www.airgonetworks.com
Part Number: 640-00069-00
Published: July 2004
Copyright © 2003 by Airgo, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
Airgo unless such copying is expressly permitted by U.S. copyright law.
Contents
Preface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v
Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Overview - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Device Types - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Shipping Package Contents- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - System Requirements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Connecting the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Checking Adapter Activity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver and Airgo Client Utility - - - - - - - - - - - - Installation Steps- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Uninstalling the Airgo Client Utility and Drivers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
Overview of Wireless Networking- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11
Service Set Identifiers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12
Wireless Bands and Channels - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12
Airgo Client Utility - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12
Using the Airgo Client Utility With Windows XP- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12
Accessing the Airgo Client Utility - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14
Using the Tray Icon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14
Disabling and Re-Enabling the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14
Navigating the User Interface- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14
Using the Compact View - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -14
Using the Expanded View- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15
Background Operation and Exiting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17
Configuration- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19
Configuration Overview - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20
Scanning for Available Networks - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -20
Working with Profiles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21
Profile Window - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23
Profile Name - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23
Advanced Settings- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -23
Network Settings- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24
Power Setting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24
Security Settings - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24
Wireless Security- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -24
Encryption - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25
Authentication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
iii
Airgo Client Utility Security Options - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26
Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Windows XP Instructions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Windows 2000 Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Confirming the Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Verifying the Installation — Windows XP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Verifying the Installation — Windows 2000- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
29
29
31
33
33
38
Glossary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43
Index - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 51
iv
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Preface
This guide explains how to install and configure the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter, which
provides PC laptop and desktop users with access to the Airgo and other 802.11 Access Point
products. The guide is intended for business and consumer users who want to install and configure
the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter quickly and easily. It is also intended for users who are
interested in advanced configuration and troubleshooting.
The Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter products include the following device options:
■
■
■
PC Card adapter for use in laptop and notebook computers
PCI adapter for use in desktop system PCI expansion slots
Mini PCI adapter for use in laptop computer mini-PCI expansion slots
The Airgo Client Utility, a software tool designed to provide basic configuration options for the
device is shipped with each unit, in addition to device drivers.
Organization of this Guide
This guide consists of the following chapters:
■
■
■
■
■
Chapter 1, “Installation,” describes the features of the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
and explains how to install it.
Chapter 2, “Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility,” provides an overview of the Airgo
Client Utility.
Chapter 3, “Configuration,”describes the configuration settings of the Airgo Client Utility.
Appendix A, “Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures,” explains how
to install the driver and Airgo Client Utility as separate tasks.
Glossary provides definitions for acronyms, networking terminology, and Airgo Networksspecific terms.
Conventions Used in this Guide
This guide uses the following conventions for instructions and information.
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
Notes, cautions, and time-saving tips use the following conventions and symbols.
NOTE: Notes contain helpful suggestions or information that are important to the task at
hand.
CAUTION: Caution indicates that there is a risk of equipment damage or loss of data when
certain actions are performed.
WARNING: Warnings are intended to alert you to situations that could result in injury
(such as exposure to electric current, for example).
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Preface
Related Documentation
The following documentation related to the Airgo wireless networking product line is available via
CD-ROM and also on the Airgo website, http://www.airgonetworks.com.
■
■
■
vi
Airgo Access Point Installation and Configuration Guide — Describes how to install and
configure the Airgo Access Point.
Airgo NMS Pro Installation and Configuration Guide — Explains how to install and use the
enterprise network management application.
Airgo Command Line Interface (CLI) Reference Manual — Provides a listing of all the
commands available for Airgo wireless products, usable through console access and command
line interface; this manual is intended for advanced users and system administrators.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
1
Installation
This chapter explains how to install the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter, adapter driver, and
Airgo Client Utility. It includes the following topics:
•
•
•
•
Overview
Connecting the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver and Airgo Client Utility
Uninstalling the Airgo Client Utility and Drivers
Overview
The Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter provides the communication link between your laptop or
desktop PC and other devices in a wireless network. The adapter operates in the 2.4GHz and 5GHZ
radio frequency bands and can communicate with any device that meets the IEEE 802.11a,
802.11b, or 802.11g wireless network standards.
When used with Airgo Access Points as part of an Airgo network installation, the Airgo Wireless
LAN Client Adapter offers the following special features:
•
•
•
•
Enhanced Data Rates
Extended Range
Multi Mode and Multi-band Operation
Interference Handling
The Airgo Client Utility, shipped with each Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter, includes tools for
setting the basic configuration.
Device Types
The Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter is currently offered in three device types:
• PC Card — Extended Type II PCMCIA CardBus (32-bit interface) for use in laptop and
notebook computers
• PCI Card — PCI adapter for use in desktop computer expansion slots
• Mini PCI— Mini PCI adapter for use in laptop computer mini-PCI expansion slots
Shipping Package Contents
The Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter shipping package contains the following items:
• Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter PC or PCI Card
• CD containing the device driver and Airgo Client Utility
System Requirements
Your PC must meet the following minimum requirements:
• Windows XP or Windows 2000
• 96 MB memory
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
1 Installation
• CPU 1.0 GHz or greater
• At least 10 MB disk capacity available for the driver and Airgo Client Utility software.
• Type II or Type III cardbus slot for notebooks and laptops
Connecting the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
To install the PC card:
• With the computer powered on or off, slide the PC card firmly into an available CardBus slot
(Figure 1).
Figure 1:
PC Card Installation
LB48016
To safely remove the PC card while the computer is powered up:
1 Right-click the system tray icon entitled Safely Remove Hardware or Eject or Stop
Hardware.
The system prompts you to select the device to stop.
2 Select Airgo Wireless LAN NIC, and click Stop.
3 Click OK when asked to confirm.
4 Press the CardBus eject button on the side of your computer to release the slot locking
mechanism and slide the PC card out.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Connecting the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
To install the PCI card adapter (Figure 2):
1 Power down your PC.
2 Remove the cover that provides access to the PCI expansion slot.
3 Insert the PCI card into an available PCI slot.
4 Replace the cover.
5 Attach the antenna to the external connector on the PCI card.
You are now ready to install the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter driver software.
Figure 2:
PCI Card Installation
Checking Adapter Activity
The LEDs on the PC card and PCI card indicate the state of current communications:
• Solid green — The adapter is associated (connected) to the network.
• Slow blinking green — The adapter is not associated to the network.
• Fast blinking green — The adapter is transmitting or receiving data.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
1 Installation
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver and Airgo Client
Utility
NOTE: Before installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter or any other wireless
adapter, you must make sure that your system has the latest Microsoft patches to
support wireless networking. You can find information and patches at
http://www.microsoft.com/hardware/broadbandnetworking/
10_concept_wireless_security.mspx.
Follow the steps in this section to install the software needed to support your Airgo Wireless LAN
Client Adapter. The software includes:
• Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter driver
• Airgo Client Utility
Installation Steps
1 If you are using the PCI card, make sure that it is physically installed (page 3). If you are using
the PC card, slide it into the CardBus slot on your computer.
2 Power up your computer.
NOTE: If the Microsoft Found New Hardware Wizard opens, click Cancel to close the
wizard.
3 Insert the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter distribution CD.
The Airgo CD menu opens.
4 Currently, both the Network Card Drivers and Client Utility are selected and this selection
cannot be modified. Click Install Software and the Installation Wizard opens.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver and Airgo Client Utility
5 Click Next.
The License agreement window opens.
6 Review the license agreement, and then click Yes.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
1 Installation
7 Click OK. 1
You may see a warning regarding Windows logo testing.
8 Click Continue Anyway.
The installation wizard installs the adapter driver. The next screen indicates that the installation
was successful and prompts you to continue with Airgo Client Utility installation.
9 Click Next.
1 If your PC Card adapter is not yet physically installed, the installation, the wizard prompts you to do so.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver and Airgo Client Utility
The wizard prompts you to choose an installation location.
10 Click Next to accept the default location, or click Browse to select a different location before
clicking Next.
The wizard completes the installation.
11 Click Finish to complete the installation and start the Airgo Client Utility.
The installation is now complete. If you encounter any difficulties, refer to “Confirming the
Installation” on page 33 for additional information.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
1 Installation
Uninstalling the Airgo Client Utility and Drivers
This section explains how to remove the Airgo Client Utility software from your system, which
may be necessary if you are upgrading to a newer version of the utility.
NOTE: Use the Windows System control panel if you need to uninstall only the Airgo
Wireless LAN Client Adapter driver.
Follow these steps to uninstall the Airgo Client Utility software and adapter driver:
1 From the Start menu, choose Programs > Airgo Networks > Uninstall Airgo Software.
The Uninstall Wizard prompts you to choose the type of maintenance to perform.
2 Select Remove and click Next.
The wizard prompts you to confirm.
3 Click OK to continue.
When the uninstall process is complete, the wizard presents a Finish window.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Uninstalling the Airgo Client Utility and Drivers
4 Click Finish.
The Uninstall process is now complete.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
1 Installation
10
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
2
Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility
The chapter provides an overview of wireless networking and explains how to access the Airgo
Client Utility to configure your Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter. It includes the following
topics:
• Overview of Wireless Networking
• Airgo Client Utility
• Navigating the User Interface
Overview of Wireless Networking
The Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter connects your PC to a wireless local area network
(wireless LAN) by way of radio signals. An access point is the device that forwards data from the
wired network to your PC by way of radio signals and connects you with other wireless users. The
IEEE 802.11 standard identifies two types of wireless networking modes:
• In an infrastructure network, an access point links the wireless LAN to a wired network. By
attaching to an existing network infrastructure, you can gain access to other locations on the
wired network, other wireless LANs, or the Internet. This is the mode to use when setting up a
home network or linking to an office network (Figure 3).
• In an ad-hoc wireless network, you establish communications between your PC and a small
number of other wireless users without using an access point (Figure 4).
NOTE: The Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter installed on your PC can communicate
with any access point that supports the industry standard IEEE 802.11 wireless
communications protocol. It is recommended that you use the Airgo Wireless LAN Client
Adapter with Airgo Access Points in order to take advantage of their advanced range, high
data rates, and other features.
Figure 3:
Infrastructure Network
Wired network
A0017
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
11
2 Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility
Figure 4:
Ad-Hoc Network
A0018
Service Set Identifiers
The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a name that uniquely identifies a wireless local area network.
Each device in the wireless network must have the same SSID configured in order to participate in
the network. The SSID can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters in length and is also known as the
wireless network name.
The 802.11 standard specifies two types of network service sets identified by SSID:
• Basic Service Set (BSS) — collection of wireless devices operating with an access point in
infrastructure mode (Basic Service Set - BSS) or without an access point in ad-hoc mode
(Independent Basic Service Set - IBSS).
• Extended Service Set (ESS) — collection of BSSs with wireless devices that can roam from
one BSS to another while staying connected to the wireless network resources.
Wireless Bands and Channels
The IEEE 802.11 specification addresses wireless devices that operate in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
radio frequency bands. Within each band (range of radio frequencies) individual channels carry a
separate radio signal. Airgo provides both automatic and manual band and channel selection, along
with monitoring and analysis capabilities to assess the status of radio coverage and signal quality.
Airgo Client Utility
If you followed the installation instructions in Chapter 1, the Airgo Client Utility is already
installed on your PC. The Airgo Client Utility enables you to perform all these functions:
• Obtain a view of your wireless network, including the type of network, the access point with
which you are associated, and information about the radio signals currently being transmitted
and received.
• Scan and connect to wireless networks within radio range of your PC.
• Create or select a profile, which stores the specifics of the network connection, security
selections, and power level for your Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter. The Airgo Client
Utility supports multiple profiles, enabling you to connect to different networks, whether at
home, at work, or at wireless hotspot locations.
Using the Airgo Client Utility With Windows XP
To use the profile features of the Airgo Client Utility on Windows XP, you must specify that
Windows XP will not be managing the wireless adapter.
To specify that Windows will not be managing the wireless adapter:
1 Right-click the wireless icon on the system tray.
2 Select View Available Wireless Networks.
12
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Airgo Client Utility
The window shows the list of available networks.
3 Select your network, and click Advanced to open the Wireless Network Connection Properties
window, Wireless Networks tab.
4 Clear the checkbox entitled Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings.
5 Click OK.
You can now use the Airgo Client Utility to manage your wireless connections.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
13
2 Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility
Accessing the Airgo Client Utility
If you followed the instructions in Chapter 1, the Airgo Client Utility is installed on your PC.
To start the Airgo Client Utility:
• Choose Start > Programs > Airgo Networks > Airgo Client Utility.
The Airgo application icon will appear in the system tray.
Using the Tray Icon
When you start the Airgo Client Utility, a small signal icon becomes visible in the system tray on
the Windows toolbar (Figure 5). The color of the icon reflects the quality of the wireless
connection: green for good, yellow for intermittent connection, red if there is no active connection,
and a red X if the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter radio is turned off. The tray icon provides
access to the Airgo Client Utility menu.
Figure 5:
Airgo Client Utility System Tray Icon
Application icon
To open the Airgo Client Utility window from the tray icon:
• Right-click and select Launch Client Utility or double-click on the icon.
To exit the Airgo Client Utility:
• Right-click and select Exit.
To access the help system:
• Right-click and select Help.
Disabling and Re-Enabling the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
You can easily enable or disable the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter radio from the Airgo
Client Utility.
To enable the radio:
1 Right-click the Airgo Client Utility icon in the system tray.
2 Select Radio On.
To disable the radio:
1 Right-click the Airgo Client Utility icon in the system tray.
2 Select Radio Off.
Navigating the User Interface
This section explains how to use the compact and expanded views of the Airgo Client Utility.
Using the Compact View
The compact view displays summary information about current communications between your PC
and the access point. When you start the Airgo Client Utility, the compact view opens in text mode
(Figure 6).
14
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Navigating the User Interface
Figure 6:
Airgo Client Utility Compact View, Text Mode
Display mode
Signal
icon
Connection Information
More
arrow
The Signal icon on the left changes color according to current received signal strength: green if
signal strength is good, yellow if it is of lower quality, and red if there is no active signal. The
Received Signal Strength bar chart displays a history of this information for the past 60 seconds.
Text mode lists the network profile currently in use, the name of the access point to which your
Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter is connected, and the name of the wireless network. It also
gives a text description of the current received signal strength: excellent, acceptable, or blank if
there is no signal.
The compact view also has a graphical mode, which opens when you click the Display Mode icon
(Figure 7).
Figure 7:
Signal
icon
Airgo Client Utility Compact View, Graphical Mode
Display mode
Received Signal Strength chart
More
arrow
Use the graphical mode at any time to obtain a snapshot of the signal strength to your Airgo
Wireless LAN Client Adapter.
The More arrow opens the expanded view. When the expanded view is open, the arrow is labeled
Less. Click Less to return to the compact view.
Using the Expanded View
Click More to open the Airgo Client Utility to the expanded view (Figure 8).
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
15
2 Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility
Figure 8:
Airgo Client Utility, Expanded View
The upper section of the expanded view lists all the networks and network profiles available to your
PC. The following information and options are available:
Item
Description
Status icon
An icon is displayed if a profile has been saved for the entry or if the Airgo
Wireless LAN Client Adapter is currently connected to that network:
Profile is saved
You are currently connected to this network
A horizontal line separates the profiles at the top of the list (above the
line) from the identified networks that do not have profiles defined (below the
line).
16
Profile
Name of the profile, if a profile is defined
SSID
Name of the network
BSSID
MAC address of the access point if show BSSID is checked, or automatic if
show BSSID is not checked.
Signal quality
Quality of the radio signal established with the access point, as a percentage
Encryption
Type of data encryption enabled for this access point or profile
Network
Infrastructure or ad-hoc
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Navigating the User Interface
Use the horizontal scroll bar to view all the columns. You can resize each column by selecting and
moving the column header dividers.
Two checkboxes above the Network List influence the display and behavior of the network
connections:
Option
Description
Show BSSID
If this checkbox is selected, the Network List includes an entry for each
access point in a given SSID by MAC address.
Allow Roaming
If this checkbox is selected, you can move from one access point to
another without changing the active network selection.
Figure 9 shows a Network List with the Show BSSID checkbox selected.The access points for the
SSID are listed below, along with the BSSID.
Figure 9:
Network List with Show BSSID Selected
The Scan, Save, Create, Edit, and Delete buttons below the Network List are used to detect
available access points and work with profiles.
The remaining areas in the Expanded View display read-only information about the current
connection and settings. The Connection section displays the following information:
• The current connection rate for data transmitted between your PC and the access point, in
megabits per second. When there is no active data transmission, it shows the rate at which
beacons are transmitted.
• The radio channel and band used for communications.
• The number of transmitted and received bytes of data since the wireless connection was
initiated.
The Security section shows the authentication and data encryption currently used; and the Power
section shows the level of power at which the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter is operating.
Chapter 3 explains how to scan and connect to a network and how to create and save profiles
containing configuration information.
Background Operation and Exiting
While the Airgo Client Utility is running, its icon is always displayed on the Windows toolbar. To
close the Airgo Client Utility window while keeping it operating in the background, click X in the
upper right corner of the utility window. To exit the utility, right-click the system tray icon, and
select Exit.
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17
2 Introduction to the Airgo Client Utility
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
3
Configuration
This chapter explains how to scan for and connect to wireless networks and how to set up a profile
to store network configuration information. It includes the following topics:
•
•
•
•
•
Configuration Overview
Scanning for Available Networks
Working with Profiles
Profile Window
Wireless Security
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3 Configuration
Configuration Overview
Figure 10 shows the Airgo Client Utility in Expanded View.
Figure 10:
Airgo Client Utility, Expanded View
The Airgo Client Utility uses profiles to store information describing how your Airgo Wireless
LAN Client Adapter connects to the wireless network. Each profile contains information about the
type of network connection, security settings, and power settings.
To make it easy for you to connect to wireless networks at home, office, or wireless hotspot
locations, Airgo Client Utility provides the ability to create multiple profiles, each containing
information about a different network or a different set of configuration values. When you move
from one location to another, your Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter automatically detects which
network is currently available and applies the correct profile. The Network List includes all the
saved profiles and newly identified networks.
If you travel to an area with a network not previously encountered or configured, your Airgo
Wireless LAN Client Adapter attempts to connect to it. If successful, you can save the detected
settings in your list of available profiles.
The remainder of this chapter describes how to scan and connect to wireless networks, and how
create and work with profiles.
Scanning for Available Networks
Upon boot-up, the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter scans for all access points within radio
range and attempts to connect to one of them based on previously scanned profiles. It associates
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Working with Profiles
with the first access point it finds for which it can establish radio communications. Association
normally happens automatically; however, it is recommended that you start the Airgo Client Utility
once you are connected. This enables you to verify the configuration and confirm that the access
point to which you are connected is a trusted component of your network.
Whenever you open the Airgo Client Utility, the system performs an automatic scan. You can also
scan for networks at any time, upon demand.
To scan for available networks:
1 Choose Start > Programs > Airgo > Airgo Client Utility.
2 Click More to open the Expanded View.
3 Click Scan.
A scanning box opens (Figure 11) to show that the scan is taking place. When the scan is complete,
the Network List area (Figure 10) displays all the discovered networks.
Figure 11:
Scanning Icon
The results of the scan are presented near the top of the expanded Airgo Client Utility window
(Figure 10). If a profile already exists for the discovered SSID, it appears in the network list with its
name in the Profile column with a dish icon to the left. If a profile does not exist, the Profile column
is blank.
Working with Profiles
This section provides instructions on the tasks used in managing profiles:
To create a new profile:
1 Click Create to open the Profile window.
2 Enter a new name in the Profile Name field.
3 Enter the SSID of the network. For more information, see “Service Set Identifiers” on page 12.
4 Drag the sliding bar to select an output power level.
5 Select a security level and details. For more information, see “Security Settings” on page 24.
6 Click Save. The Profile window closes and the newly created profile appears in the Network
List in the Airgo Client Utility window.
To make an existing profile active (use the profile to control wireless communications from your
PC):
1 Double-click on the entry in the Network List.
2 Click Save & Activate.
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3 Configuration
You can edit any profile in the list, including the active one. If you edit and save the active profile,
the system temporarily drops the network connection while implementing the changes. When the
configuration change is complete, the network connection is restored.
To edit a profile:
1 Highlight the profile name and click Edit.
If the profile is active, the system requests confirmation that you want to continue. Click OK to
open the profile window. See “Profile Window” on page 23 for detailed information on the
settings in the Profile window.
2 Confirm the network type and SSID.
3 Move the sliding power setting bar to the desired output power level.
4 Select the level of security (Low or No).
5 If low security is selected, choose the encryption and authentication options to match those of
the access point or access points to which you are associating.
6 Click Save.
To delete a profile:
1 Highlight the profile name and click Delete.
Click OK when prompted to confirm.
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Profile Window
Profile Window
Figure 13 shows the Profile window, which opens when you double-click on an entry in the
network list or highlight a listed profile and click Edit. This section provides an overview of the
information in the Profile window.
Profile Name
The top of the window contains an area for the name of the profile. When you create a profile,
select a name that clearly identifies the network.1 The default profile name is the SSID.
Figure 12:
Profile Window
Profile A
MySSID
Advanced Settings
The Advanced button to the right of the Profile Name opens the Advanced Profile Settings window.
(Figure 13). The settings in this window enable you to take advantage of the enhanced performance
features of the Airgo Access Point. It is recommended to keep the default Auto settings, which
provide compatibility with basic and enhanced data rates and network density.
1 The Profile Name field is grayed out when you edit an existing profile.
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3 Configuration
Figure 13:
Advanced Profile Settings
Network Settings
The Network section shows the type of network (infrastructure or ad-hoc) and contains an area to
enter the SSID (service set identifier), a name that uniquely identifies the network.
• Select Infrastructure to connect to an existing wireless network, usually with an interface to a
wired network, for Internet and email access, file sharing, and print and other services.
• Select Connect to Ad Hoc Network to attach to a temporary wireless network that has been
set up by another user.
• Select Start Ad-Hoc Network to create a temporary wireless network without using an access
point
Ad-hoc networks are generally used to enable file and print sharing for short-term activities such as
meetings or conferences. If you are creating a new ad-hoc network, use the default Auto-Channel
option, unless it is necessary for you to use a specific radio channel. The auto-channel option
automatically selects a channel to use for the ad-hoc network.
Power Setting
The Power Settings area contains a sliding bar to select a power output between the lowest and
highest available levels. Higher settings enable the highest performance. Lower settings draw less
power from your PC and are advisable when you want to conserve PC battery power or you know
that you are within close range of an access point.
Security Settings
The Security Settings area includes choices for configuring a secure connection between your PC
and access point. The next section, “Wireless Security,” provides background on wireless security
options and gives guidelines for security settings in the enterprise, small office, and home
environments.
Wireless Security
Although security is important in any network, the characteristics of wireless networks can make
them vulnerable to attack. Unlike wired networks, which require a physical connection that can be
secured with lock and key, wireless networks require only a radio signal for communication, and
physical barriers do not provide protection. A concern since the introduction of the IEEE 802.11
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Wireless Security
wireless communication standard, wireless security continues to evolve, as shortcomings of
existing security solutions are uncovered and new solutions are adopted.
The Airgo products provide a complete state-of-the-art security solution for 802.11 wireless
networks, using the native wireless support in Windows 2000 and Windows XP where appropriate.
Wireless security encompasses two major components: encryption and authentication. Encryption
is the means by which data transferred across the wireless link are protected from eavesdropping.
Authentication is the means by which the access point verifies the identity of your PC and your
identity, and confirms that you have permission to use the network.
Encryption
Encryption protects wireless data from being intercepted and deciphered during transmission, and
thereby assures the security of your data. Airgo supports several encryption options:
• AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) — excellent financial-grade security
• TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) — good security, as an upgrade to legacy systems
• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) — minimal protection security, acceptable only for noncritical data
• Open or no encryption — no protection, use only for non-critical communications or with other
security protection such as https or VPN/IPsec for corporate communications
The latest and most effective encryption methods are part of the WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
cipher suite and are recommended for all environments in which security is an important
consideration, whether in the enterprise, small office or home. WPA provides much more complete
protection against discovery of encryption keys than do the earlier WEP standards. WPA itself has
already spawned two generations of encryption technology, with AES being the latest and most
effective standard. TKIP is the encryption protocol that was first introduced with WPA, but it
provides less complete protection than does AES.
The original 802.11 wireless communication specification standard included WEP for wireless
security. Although still widely used today, WEP security does not provide adequate protection
against discovery of encryption keys, and may therefore be vulnerable to attack. Use WEP only in
cases where the access point does not support higher level security and security is a consideration in
your network design.
The WEP algorithm requires an encryption key, which is a code used in the encrypting and
decrypting of data. Although all WEP methods are vulnerable, 128-bit keys are somewhat more
difficult to decrypt than 64-bit keys. WEP provides the option of entering a key in ASCII (text) or
hexidecimal (numeric) format. ASCII keys are useful as a text passphrase, while hexidecimal keys
provide more protection and support for other devices. Key generation can be manual or automatic,
with automatically generated keys providing more protection.
Authentication
Effective authentication methods rely on manual distribution of shared or pre-shared authentication
keys or automatic generation of keys by use of a RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User
Service) server.
A shared or pre-shared key is an authentication string entered at the access point and client PCs.
Authentication takes place by matching the key stored in each PC with the key stored in the access
point.
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3 Configuration
Automatic key-generation methods rely upon digital certificates, which contain encoded user and
encryption information to verify the identity of a user and match it with a database of secure user
records. A certificate authority is the network service that manages digital certificates and
guarantees their integrity. The IEEE 802.1X standard specifies certificate-based authentication
using EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). EAP, in turn, comes in numerous variations.
Most enterprises manage remote access to the certificate authority using a RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service) server. In this arrangement, client PC users install RADIUS
client software on their local PCs to provide RADIUS server access. Funk Software and Microsoft
are the major suppliers of RADIUS client software.
For home or small office networks, shared or pre-shared keys can provide adequate authentication
without the burden of centralized management and control. Airgo also offers a built-in RADIUS
security portal in the Airgo Access Points to extend the management and scalability features of
centralized management to administrators in small-to-mid sized office environments.
Airgo Client Utility Security Options
The network list in the Airgo Client Utility Expanded View displays the security required for each
network and profile.
The Airgo Client Utility supports configuration of the WEP or Open security options. In the Profile
window, you can select WEP or open security for the radio connection between your PC and the
access point, and enter choices for encryption and authentication within the selected security
framework. For instructions, see “Working with Profiles” on page 21.
Windows XP users can connect to networks that support WPA security. To do so, it is necessary to
use the Wireless Zero Config (WZC) capability native to Windows XP. When WZC is enabled, the
profile features of the Airgo Client Utility are automatically disabled; however, it is still
recommended to use the Airgo Client Utility to view and scan for networks.
To use WZC to configure security settings, first confirm that WZC is enabled:
1 From the Start menu, choose Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services.
2 Check whether the Status column displays “Started.”
3 If Started is not the value in the Status column,
a Double-click the Wireless Zero Config entry to open the Wireless Zero Configuration
Properties dialog box.
b Select Automatic from the Start-up Type pull-down list.
c Click Start.
d Click OK.
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Wireless Security
Now use WZC to configure security settings:
1 Right-click the wireless icon on the system tray.
2 Select View Available Wireless Networks.
3 The window shows the list of available networks.
4 Select your network, and click Advanced to open the Wireless Network Connection Properties
window, Wireless Networks tab.
5 Confirm that Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings is selected.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
27
3 Configuration
6 Select the network, and click Configure.
7 Confirm the authentication and encryption selections exactly match those of the access point to
which you are connecting. Enter a network key, if required.
8 If you selected AES for data encryption, open the Authentication tab and select the EAP type
appropriate to your network.
9 Click OK as needed to close the WZC windows.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
A
Individual Driver and Client
Utility Installation Procedures
Chapter 1, “Installation,” explains how to install the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter driver and
Airgo Client Utility by way of a unified installation process. This appendix explains how to install
the driver and the Airgo Client Utility separately. This information may be useful for
troubleshooting and installing upgrades.
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver
Follow the steps in this section to install the driver software for the Airgo Wireless LAN Client
Adapter, which enables the operating system on your computer to interact with the adapter. The
instructions vary slightly according to the operating system running on your computer.
Windows XP Instructions
1 If you are using the PCI card, make sure that it is physically installed in your computer (see
“Connecting the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter” on page 2). If you are using the PC card,
slide it into the CardBus slot on your computer.
2 Power up the computer.
The Found New Hardware wizard opens and prompts you to insert the installation CD into
your computer.
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A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
3 Insert the Airgo Network Driver and Client Utility CD into the CD drive on your computer, and
click Next.
The wizard locates the driver software on the CD. A warning may appear regarding
compatibility testing. Click Continue Anyway.
The system prompts you to wait while the driver is installed. The system copies the driver files
onto your computer and then displays the Installation Complete screen.
4 Click Finish to complete the installation.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Installing the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter Driver
Windows 2000 Installation
1 If you are using the PCI card, make sure that it is physically installed in your computer (see
“Connecting the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter” on page 2). If you are using the PC card,
slide it into the CardBus slot on your computer.
2 Power up the computer.
The Found New Hardware wizard opens.
3 Click Next.
The next window prompts for the location of the driver software.
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A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
4 Select Search for a suitable driver for my device.
5 Insert the Airgo Network Driver and Client Utility CD into the CD-ROM driver, and click
Next.
A message may appear regarding compatibility testing.
6 Click Continue Anyway.
The system copies the driver files onto your computer and then displays the Installation
Complete screen.
7 Click Finish to complete the installation.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Confirming the Installation
Confirming the Installation
After you have installed the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter, confirm that the system
recognizes it.
Verifying the Installation — Windows XP
Open the Properties window in the Control Panel:
1 From the Start menu, select Control Panel.
2 Select System to open the System Properties window.
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A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
3 Select the Hardware tab.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Confirming the Installation
4 Click the Device Manager button.
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35
A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
5 Click the + sign to expand the network adapter listing. Confirm that the Airgo Wireless LAN
Client Adapter is listed without a red X icon or yellow exclamation mark.
NOTE: If you see the red X or yellow exclamation mark icon, contact your network
administrator or technical support.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Confirming the Installation
6 Double-click Airgo Wireless LAN NIC to open its Properties window. Confirm that the
Device Status area displays the message “Device is working properly.”
Driver installation verification is now complete. You are ready to install the Airgo Client Utility.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
37
A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
Verifying the Installation — Windows 2000
Open the Properties window in the Control Panel:
1 From the Start menu, select Settings and then Control Panel.
2 Select System to open the System Properties window.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Confirming the Installation
3 Select the Hardware tab.
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39
A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
4 Click the Device Manager button.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Confirming the Installation
5 Click the + sign to expand the Network Adapters listing.
Confirm that the Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter is listed without a red X icon or yellow
exclamation mark.
NOTE: If you see the red X or yellow exclamation mark icon contact your
network administrator or technical support.
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41
A Individual Driver and Client Utility Installation Procedures
6 Double-click Wireless LAN NIC to open its Properties window. Confirm that the Device
Status area displays the message “Device is working properly.”
Driver installation verification is now complete. You are ready to install the Airgo Client Utility.
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Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Glossary
This glossary defines terms that apply to wireless and networking technology in general and Airgo
products in particular.
802.1x
Standard for port-based authentication in LANs. Identifies each users and allows
connectivity based on policies in a centrally managed server.
802.11
Refers to the set of WLAN standards developed by IEEE. The three commonly in
use today are 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g, sometimes referred to collectively as
Dot11.
Access Control List (ACL)
A list of services used for security of programs and operating systems. Lists users
and groups together with the access awarded for each.
Access Point (AP)
An inter-networking device that connects wired and wireless networks together.
Also, an 802.11x capable device that may support one or more 802.11 network
interfaces in it and co-ordinates clients stations in establishing an Extended Service
Set 802.11 network
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
An encryption algorithm developed for use by U.S. Government agencies and
now incorporated into encryption standards for commercial transactions.
Airgo Client Utility (ACU)
Application that executes on a client station and provides management and
diagnostics functionality for the 802.11 network interfaces.
Ad-Hoc network
A group of nodes or systems communicating with each other without an
intervening Access Point. Many wireless network cards support ad-hoc networking
modes.
Authentication Server
A central resources that verifies the identity of prospective network users and
grants access based on pre-defined policies.
Authentication Zone
A administrative grouping of resources for user authentication.
Backhaul
The process of getting data from a source and sending it for distribution over the
main backbone network. Wireless backhaul refers to the process of delivering data
from a node on the wireless network back to the wired network. Also referred to a
WDS.x.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
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Glossary
Basic Service Set (BSS)
The set of all wireless client stations controlled by a single access point. The
BSSID, or identifier, for the basis service set can be assigned or default to the
MAC address of the access point.
Bridge
A connection between two (or more) LANs using the same protocol. Virtual
bridges are used as a means of defining layer 2 domains for broadcast messages.
Each virtual bridge uniquely defines a virtual local area network (VLAN).
Class of Service (COS)
A method of specifying and grouping applications into various QoS groups or
categories.
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)
A system of assigning Quality of Service “Class of Service” tags.
Domain Name Service (DNS)
A standard methodology for converting alphanumeric Internet domain names to IP
addresses.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
A communications protocol enabling IP address assignments to be managed both
dynamically and centrally. With DHCP enabled on a node (a system, device,
network card, or Access Point), when it boots or is connected to a network, an
address is automatically assigned. Each assigned address is considered to be
“leased” to a specific node; when the lease expires, a new IP can be requested and/
or automatically reassigned. Without DHCP, IP addresses would need to be entered
manually for each and every device on the network.
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
A method for selecting the least intrusive and noisy available frequency for
operation, part of the 802.11 specification.
Dynamic IP Address
A TCP/IP network address assigned temporarily (or dynamically) by a central
server, also known as a DHCP server. A node set to accept dynamic IPs is said to
be a “DHCP client.”
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Standard that specifies the method of communication between an authentication
server and the client, or supplicant, requesting access to the network. EAP supports
a variety of authentication methods.
Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN (EAPOL)
Protocol used for 802.1x authentication.
EAP-TLS
EAP using Transport Layer Security. EAP-based authentication method based on
X.509 certificates, which provides mutual, secure authentication. Certificates must
be maintained in the authentication server and supplicant.
EAP-PEAP
Protected EAP-based authentication method based on X.509 certificates. Uses a
two-phase approach in which the server is first authenticated to the supplicant.
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Glossary
This establishes a secure channel over which the supplicant can be authenticated to
the server.
Extended Service Set (ESS)
A set of multiple connected BSSs. From the perspective of network clients, the
ESS functions as one wireless network, with clients able to roam between the BSSs
within the ESS.
ESSID
Name or identifier of the ESS used in network configuration.
hostname
The unique, fully qualified name assigned to a network computer, providing an
alternative to the IP address as a way to identify the computer for networking
purposes.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Protocol governing the transfer of data on the World Wide Web between servers
and browser (and browser enabled software applications).
Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL (HTTPS)
A variant of HTTP that uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encryption to secure data
transmissions. HTTPS uses port 443, as opposed to HTTP which uses port 80.
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
A set of clients communicating with each other or a network via an Access Point.
Internet Protocol (IP)
The network layer protocol for routing packets through the Internet.
IP address
32-bit number, usually presented as a period-separated (dotted decimal) list
of three-digit numbers, which identifies an entity on the Internet according
to the Internet Protocol standard.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A group of computers, servers, printers, and other devices connected to one
another, with the ability to share data between them.
Maskbits
Number of bits in the subnet prefix for an IP address, (provides the same
information as subnet mask). Each triplet of digits in an IP address consists of 8
bits. To specify the subnet in maskbits, count the number of bits in the prefix. To
specify using a subnet mask, indicate the masked bits as an IP address. Example:
subnet mask 255.255.255.0 is equivalent to 24 maskbits, which is the total number
of bits in the 255.255.255 prefix.
Media Access Control (MAC) Address
A unique hardware-based equipment identifier, set during device manufacture. The
MAC address uniquely identifies each node of a network. Access Points can be
configured with MAC access lists, allowing only certain specific devices to
connect with the LAN through them, or to allow certain MAC-identified network
cards or devices access only to certain resources.
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Glossary
MAC address authentication
Method of authenticating clients by using the MAC address of the client station as
opposed to the user.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
The translation of one IP address used within a network to another address used
elsewhere. One frequent use of NAT is the translation of IPs used inside a
company, versus the IP addresses visible to the outside world. This feature helps
increase network security to a small degree, because when the address is translated,
this provides an opportunity to authenticate the request and/or to match it to
known, authorized types of requests. NAT is also used sometimes to map multiple
nodes to a single outwardly visible IP address.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Generic term for network interface hardware that includes wired and wireless LAN
adapter cards, PC Cardbus PCMCIA cards, and USB-to-LAN adapters.
Network Management System (NMS)
Software application that controls a network of multiple access points and clients.
Node
Generic term for a network entity. Includes a access point, network adapter
(wireless or wired), or network appliance (such as a print server or other noncomputer device)
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
NTP servers are used to synchronize clocks on computers and other devices. Airgo
APs have the capability to connect automatically to NTP servers to set their own
clocks on a regular basis.
Ping Packet INternet Groper (ping)
A utility which determines whether a specific IP address is accessible, and the
amount of network time (measured in milliseconds) for response. Ping is used
primarily to troubleshoot Internet connections.
Policy-based Networking
The management of a network with rules (or policies), governing the priority and
availability of bandwidth and resources, based both on the type of data being
transmitted, as well as the privileges assigned to a given user or group of users.
This allows network administrators to control how the network is used, to help
maximize efficiency.
Power Over Ethernet (PoE)
Power supplied to a device by way of the Ethernet network data cable instead of a
electrical power cord.
Preamble Type
The preamble defines the length of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block for
communication between the Access Point and a roaming network adapter. All
nodes on a given network should use the same preamble type.
Quality of Service (QoS)
QoS is a term encompassing the management of network performance, based on
the notion that transmission speed, signal integrity, and error rates can be managed,
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Glossary
measured, and improved. In a wireless network, QoS is commonly managed
through the use of policies.
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)
A client/server protocol and software that enables remote access servers to
communicate with a central server to authenticate users and authorize service or
system access. RADIUS permits maintenance of user profiles in a central
repository that all remote servers can share.
Radio Frequency (RF)
The electromagnetic wave frequency radio used for communications applications.
Roaming
Analogous to the way cellular phone roaming works, roaming in the wireless
networking environment is the ability to move from one AP coverage area to
another without interruption in service or loss in connectivity.
Rogue AP
An access point that connects to the wireless network without authorization.
Secure SHell (SSH)
Also known as the Secure Socket Shell, SSH is a UNIX-based command line
interface for secure access to remote systems. Both ends of communication are
secured and authenticated using a digital certificate, and any passwords exchanged
are encrypted.
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
The SSID is a unique identifier attached to all packets sent over a wireless
network, identifying one or more wireless network adapters as “belonging” to a
common group. Some Access Points can support multiple SSIDs, allowing for
varying privileges and capabilities, based on user roles.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A common protocol for message transmission security on the Internet. Existing as
a program layer between Internet's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and
Transport Control Protocol (TCP) layers, SSL is a standard feature in Internet
Explorer, Netscape, and most web server products.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Protocol used to transfer email messages between email servers.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
An efficient protocol for network management and device monitoring.
SNMP trap
A process that filers SNMP messages and saves or drops them, depending upon
how the system is configured.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
A protocol that prevents bridging loops from forming due to incorrectly configured
networks.
Station (STA)
An 802.11 capable device that supports only one 802.11 network interface, capable
of establishing a Basic Service Set 802.11 network (i.e., peer-to-peer network)
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47
Glossary
Static IP Address
A permanent IP address assigned to a node in a TCP/IP network.
Subnet
Portion of a network, designated by a particular set of IP addresses. Provides a
hierarchy for addressing in LANs. Also called subnetwork.
Subnet Mask
A TCP/IP addressing method for dividing IP-based networks into subgroups or
subnets (compare with maskbits). Each triplet of digits in an IP address consists of
8 bits. To specify using a subnet mask, indicate the masked bits as an IP address.
To specify the subnet in maskbits, count the number of bits in the prefix. Example:
subnet mask 255.255.255.0 is equivalent to 24 maskbits, which is the total number
of bits in the 255.255.255 prefix.
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
Part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption standard. TKIP provides improvements
to WEP encryption, including per-packet key mixing, message integrity
check and a re-keying mechanism.
Traffic Class Identifier (TCID)
Part of the standard 802.11 frame header. The 3-bit TCID is used for
mapping to class-of-service values.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
One of the most commonly used communication protocols in modern networking.
Addresses used in TCP/IP usually consist of four triplets of digits, plus a subnet
mask (for example, 192.168.25.3, subnet 255.255.255.0).
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Protocol that provides privacy protection for applications that communicate with
each other and their users on the Internet. TLS is a successor to the Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL).
Trunk
In telecommunications, a communications channel between two switching
systems. In a wireless network, a trunk is a wireless connection from one access
point to another.
Type of Service (ToS)
Sometimes also called IP Precedence, ToS is a system of applying QoS
methodologies, based on headers placed into transmitted IP packets.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A connectionless protocol similar to TCP/IP, but without the same level of errorchecking. UDP is commonly used when some small degree of errors and packetloss can be tolerated without losing program integrity, such as for online games.
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
A local area network with a definition that addresses network nodes on some basis
other than physical location or even whether the systems are wired together or
operating using the same local equipment. VLANs are, on average, much easier to
manage than a physically implemented LAN. In other words, moving a user from
one VLAN to another is a simple change in software, whereas on a regular LAN,
the computer or device would need to be connected physically to a different switch
48
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Glossary
or router to accomplish the same thing. Network management software of some
sort is used to configure and manage the VLANs on a given network.
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
Security mode for wireless networks that improves on the authentication and
encryption features of WEP.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Security protocol for wireless local area networks (WLANs) defined in the
802.11b standard. Uses dynamically or manually assigned keys for encryption and
authentication, as dictated by the capabilities of the client station. The WEP
algorithms are vulnerable to compromise; therefore, WEP security is only
recommended for legacy clients that do not support the newer generation security
standards.
Windows Internet Name Server (WINS)
The Windows implementation of DNS, which maps IP addresses to computer
names (NetBIOS names). This allows users to access resources by computer name
instead of by IP address.
Wi-Fi
A play on the term “HiFi,” Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity, which is a term for
wireless networking technologies.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
An acronym for wireless local area network, employing radio frequencies to
transmit data (usually encrypted for), much like LANs transmit data over wires and
fiber optic cables.
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
49
Glossary
50
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
Index
Numerics
128-bit WEP key 25
40-bit WEP key 25
802.11 11, 43
802.1x 43
deleting a profile 22
device types 1
DFS 44
DHCP 44
display mode 15
DNS 44
driver installation
Windows 2000 31
Windows XP 29
DSCP 44
dynamic IP address 44
access point (AP) 43
ACL 43
activating a profile 21
ad-hoc network 11, 43
Advanced Encryption Standard. See
AES
AES 25, 43
allow roaming checkbox 17
ASCII encoding of WEP key 25
authentication 25
server 43
authentication string 25
authentication zone 43
automatic scan 21
backhaul 43
bands 12
basic configuration 19
basic service set. See BSS
bridge 44
BSS 12, 44
BSSID 16, 44
checkbox 17
channels 12
Client Utility 43
compact view 14
expanded view 15
Client Utility functions 12
compact view 14
connect to ad-hoc network 24
connecting the Wireless Client LAN
Adapter 2
COS 44
creating a profile 21
EAP 44
EAP-PEAP 44
EAP-TLS 44
editing a profile 22
encryption 16, 25
ESS 12, 45
ESSID 45
extended service set. See ESS
features 1
Funk Software 26
graphical mode 15
hexidecimal encoding of WEP key 25
high security 26
home or small office 26
hostname 45
HTTP 45
HTTPS 45
IBSS 12, 45
icon in network list 16
IEEE 802.11 11
independent basic service set. See
IBSS
infrastructure network 11
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter
infrastructure setting 24
installation 1
confirming 33
verifying Windows 2000 38
verifying Windows XP 33
installing the driver and client
utility 4
installing the Wireless Client LAN
Adapter driver 29
introduction to the Client Utility 11
IP 45
IP address 45
LAN 45
LEDs 3
locations
changing 20
MAC address 45
MAC address authentication 46
maskbits 45
Mini PCI adapter 1
moving from location to location 20
NAT 46
network
ad-hoc 11
infrastructure 11
network listing 20
network settings
profile window 24
NIC 46
NMS 46
no security 26
node 46
NTP 46
open security 26
PC card 1
PCI card 1
51
Index
ping 46
PoE 46
policy-based networking 46
power settings 24
preamble type 46
pre-shared key 25
profile 16, 20
profile name 23
profile window 23
network settings 24
power settings 24
security settings 24
profiles
activating 21
creating 21
deleting 22
editing 22
QoS 46
RADIUS 47
RADIUS server 26
Remote Authentication Dial-In User
Service. See RADIUS
RF 47
roaming 17, 47
rogue AP 47
scanning
for available networks 20
security 24
authentication 24
encryption 24
security options 26
security settings 24
service set identifier. See SSID
show BSSID checkbox 17
signal icon 15
signal pattern 15
signal quality 16
SMTP 47
SNMP 47
SNMP trap 47
software patches 4
SSH 47
SSID 12, 16, 47
SSL 47
STA 47
start ad-hoc network 24
starting the Client Utility 14
52
station 47
status icon 16
STP 47
subnet 48
subnet mask 48
system requirements 1
TCID 48
TCP/IP 48
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol. See
TKIP
text mode 15
TKIP 25, 48
TLS 48
ToS 48
tray icon 14
trunk 48
UDP 48
uninstalling the Client Utility 8
using the tray icon 14
VLAN 48
WEP 25, 26, 49
ASCII encoding 25
hexidecimal encoding 25
Wi-Fi 49
Wi-Fi Protected Access. See WPA
Windows
managing wireless adapter 12
wireless software patches 4
Wireless Zero Config (WZC) 12
WINS 49
wireless adapter
and Windows 12
wireless bands and channels 12
Wireless Zero Config. See WZC
WLAN 49
WPA 25, 26, 49
WZC 12
using to configure security 26
Installation and User Guide: Airgo Wireless LAN Client Adapter

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