CelPlan Technologies FR-100 FlexiRadio FR100 User Manual Installation guide

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WI4NET
FlexiRadio FR100
UsersGuide
WI4NET
FlexiRadio Users Guide
Revision History
Revision
1.1
Desrription
Initial release
Date
June 07
© Wi4Net
1835 Alexander Bell Drive• Suite 200
Phone 703.259.4047 • Fax 703.476.8964
Table of Contents
CONDITIONS OF USE: .........................................................................................................................................................II
EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................................................................1
AN INTRODUCTION TO FLEXIRADIO .......................................................................................................................................1
FLEXIRADIO ENCLOSURES ......................................................................................................................................................2
Energy Enclosure................................................................................................................................................................2
Radio Enclosure..................................................................................................................................................................2
RF Head Enclosure.............................................................................................................................................................3
Antenna Enclosure ..............................................................................................................................................................3
FLEXIRADIO MODELS .............................................................................................................................................................3
General Characteristics......................................................................................................................................................4
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................................................................................................4
Single Level Hierarchical Network ....................................................................................................................................4
Two-Level Hierarchical Network .......................................................................................................................................5
Three-Level Hierarchical Network.....................................................................................................................................5
Cross-Level Hierarchical Network.....................................................................................................................................5
Combined Hierarchical Network........................................................................................................................................6
SOFTWARE STRUCTURE ....................................................................................................................................................7
ACCESS POINT WEB SERVER ..................................................................................................................................................8
Accessing the Web Server ...................................................................................................................................................8
Configuration Pages .........................................................................................................................................................11
System Configuration Page ..........................................................................................................................................11
Radio Initial Setup Page ...............................................................................................................................................12
Radio Settings Page ......................................................................................................................................................13
QoS Configuration Page ...............................................................................................................................................15
Advanced Radio Settings Page.....................................................................................................................................16
Security Settings................................................................................................................................................................18
WPA Configuration Page .............................................................................................................................................18
Security Settings Page ..................................................................................................................................................19
RADIUS Security Server Configuration Page .............................................................................................................20
ACL Configuration Pages.............................................................................................................................................21
Script Configuration .........................................................................................................................................................23
Firmware Update Configuration......................................................................................................................................24
Statistics Window ..............................................................................................................................................................26
ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................................................................................................31
Conditions Of Use:
This manual is intended for information provided by CelPlan Technologies Inc or
authorized parties. Please read this entire document, including the Regulatory Statements
section before attempting to install or operate the module.
Warning: Any use of FR100 Module any manner which is not expressly specified within
this manual or specifically approved by CelPlan Technologies Inc or its authorized agents
will void the user’s right to operate this module, and is expressly forbidden by CelPlan
Technologies Inc. This includes any modification of the module, installation of the
module in a configuration or used with an antenna which is not expressly listed in this
document or approved by CelPlan Technologies Inc.
Notice to OEM Integrators:
This device is intended only for installation by authorized personnel under the following
conditions:
1) The antenna must be installed such that 20 cm is maintained between the antenna and
users. For laptop installations, the antenna must be installed to ensure that the proper
spacing is maintained in the event the users places the device in their lap during use (i.e.
positioning of antennas must be placed in the upper portion of the LCD panel only to
ensure 20 cm will be maintained if the user places the device in their lap for use) and
2) The transmitter module may not be co-located with any other transmitter or antenna.
As long as the 2 conditions above are met, further transmitter testing will not be required.
However, the authorized agents/OEM integrators are responsible for testing their endproduct for any additional compliance requirements required with this module installed
(for example, digital device emissions, PC peripheral requirements, etc.).
Important Note: FCC approval is contingent on proper radio configuration for proper
end-use operation as follows:
Radios that have the UNI 5.2GHz band enabled shall only be installed in indoor
enclosures. Outdoor operation in the 5.2GHz UNII band is strictly prohibited.
The user’s manual for the end user must contain the following statement, ‘Use of this
device in the 5.15-5.25GHz range is restricted to indoor use only.’
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Important Note
In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain
laptop configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the
FCC authorization is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can not be
used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will
be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter)
and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.
Note
The end user should NOT be provided any instructions on how to remove
or install the device
RF Exposure Information Notice:
Important Note
To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, the antenna
used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance
of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating
in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
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Regulatory Notice – FCC Class B Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate
radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna;
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver;
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio technician for help.
Labeling:
This transmitter module is authorized only for use in devices where the antenna may be
installed such that 20 cm may be maintained between the antenna and users (for example
access points, routers, wireless ASDL modems, certain laptop configurations, and similar
equipment). One or more labels are applied to the final assembly during manufacture,
including a label which identifies the FCC identification numbers as follows:
Contains FCC ID: TFF-FR-100.
Do not attempt to remove any labels from the module.
iv
FCC Output Power Restrictions
License-free operation in the industrial, scientific, and medical band is documented in
FCC Rules Part 15.247. This radio is approved for license-free operation in the 2.4 and
5.8GHz bands. It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implementing the
radio system to ensure compliance with any pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations.
Installation Instructions
This device must be professionally installed. The FCC specifies the maximum transmitter
power used for antennae of a given gain. FCC Rules Part 15, Subpart 247 allow for a
maximum power of 1 watt (30 dBm) into antennae of a gain less than or equal to 6 dBi..
E Q U I P M E N T
D E S C R I P T I O N
Equipment Description
FlexiRadio is a professional radio conceived and primarily
designed for public safety and homeland security networks.
Commercial applications, however, can also benefit from the
advanced concepts introduced in this equipment.
lexiRadio provides professional outdoor equipment for wireless broadband
networks (up to 108 Mbps). Operating in the licensed and unlicensed bands,
the radio is engineered to make optimal use of the available spectrum,
providing unparalleled data throughput, while respecting FCC regulations. The
equipment allows the configuration of fixed and mobile networks using the cellular
concept. Its flexible configuration minimizes installation requirements and provides
different possibilities of network architecture.
An Introduction to FlexiRadio
The FlexiRadio software is 802.11a compatible and provides specific features to
support different applications.
All Wi4Net radios are compatible to commercially available off-the-shelf 802.11 PC
cards; however, specific applications, such as public safety networks, require special
features, due to the additional security required, that do not allow the use of regular
devices.
The FlexiRadio design addresses wireless broadband issues by providing unequaled
range of operating frequencies and reliability, while complying with FCC maximum
limits for professional installation.
OFDM is the technology of choice because it provides multipath interference (fast
fading) protection for high data rates. The equipment also adopts a modular approach,
hence the flexibility implied on its name. This modular approach allows easier
maintenance, replacement and upgrade possibilities, even permitting any of its parts to
be supplied by different vendors.
E Q U I P M E N T
D E S C R I P T I O N
FlexiRadio Enclosures
FlexiRadio can be configured using up to four enclosures: radio, antenna, power, and
RF head.
Energy Enclosure
The energy enclosure implements an un-interruptible power supply, using and AC
rectifier/charger and a battery. It can be configured for different periods of autonomy
time. Because it is a separate enclosure, designers have the flexibility of choosing the
most effective dimensioning for their application.
The use of this enclosure is optional because the radio enclosure may also be directly
connected to an external power supply.
Radio Enclosure
The radio enclosure holds the processor and up to two radios. In case the UPS is not
used, it can be equipped with an AC/DC power supply (ACPS), and a coaxial power
injector. Processor control signals can also be injected on the coaxial cable. Two RF
heads can optionally be mounted in this enclosure.
The environmentally sealed radio enclosure has a low thermal resistance to the
environment, minimizing the difference between internal and external temperatures.
The installation fixture provides a sunshade that further enhances the enclosure’s
capabilities.
It can be mounted separately from the RF heads where additional environmental
shielding can be provided, increasing the network reliability even more. Optionally, RF
heads can be mounted inside this enclosure to make better use of space and heat
extraction capabilities. The enclosure is made of aluminum and all parts get a chromate
conversion coating to guarantee conductivity.
The unit has an advanced processor board with a 5x6 CPU with 266 MHz, 64 MB of
SDRAM and 256 MB of flash RAM. This CPU provides enough processing power for
the foreseen applications and can also be easily upgraded if required.
The two Internet ports available allow interconnection of local IP equipment, such as
cameras and sensors. The processor board has two plug-in interfaces (mini PCI) for
radio boards. Radio upgrades consist of simply removing old radios and plugging-in
the new ones. A remote software load is required to configure the new radios. WiMax
is a good example of upgrade opportunity.
This enclosure supports access points (AP), stations (STA) and backhaul applications
(BH), so the same box can be used for all applications. The following chapter describes
some of the possible configurations for each of these elements.
E Q U I P M E N T
D E S C R I P T I O N
RF Head Enclosure
The RF Head Enclosure holds up to four RF Heads (one per antenna), the power and
control signal extractor, and a DC/DC power supply (DCPS). It also allows the
addition of remotely controlled cameras and a variety of sensors (radioactive, chemical
or environmental). These sensors are connected to the Ethernet port of the processor
and can be accessed through backhaul links, thus not loading local wireless cells.
The RF head module provides TX and RX diversity and offers a higher output power
and a less noisy input receiver. This significantly increases link throughput and range.
The installation of the RF head at the antenna greatly reduces the cable loss even when
thin coaxial cables are used. Each module can be turned on or off by a remote
command from the processor. The DC power and the command signals are injected
on the coaxial cable at the radio enclosure and extracted at the RF Head, so no
additional cabling is required.
The RF head enclosure is mounted directly below the antenna. The special mounting
kit provided can be attached to vertical or horizontal poles. Surge arrestors (SP) can be
mounted between the antenna and the RF Head electronics.
Antenna Enclosure
The antenna enclosure holds up to four 90° panels or one omni antenna. The omni
antenna (O514) has 14-dBi of gain and covers the band from 4.9 GHz to 5.9 GHz.
This antenna has a fill-in lobe that provides coverage in areas close to the antenna.
Each directional antenna (P520) has 20-dBi of gain and also covers the band from 4.9
GHz to 5.9 GHz. The panels are oriented at 90° angles but the whole set can be
rotated to adjust the group azimuth. A fine adjustment can also be performed for each
panel.
Spatial diversity is extremely important when working when working at high
frequencies (e.g. 5 GHz). The 802.11 standard uses TDD, what makes the provision of
diversity a complex task; thus most vendors do not support this feature. FlexiRadio
supports both, TX and RX, diversity. By mounting the RF heads to each antenna,
FlexiRadio allows the antennas to be up to 30 meters apart without performance
degradation, that is, diversity antennas could even be mounted on opposite sides of the
street.
FlexiRadio Models
The FlexiRadio is available in three different models: FR500, FR1000, and FR 500. All
of them are available in multiple channel bandwidths (1, 5, 10, and 20 MHz) and cover
the 4.9 to 5.9 GHz bands. FR1000 also covers the ISM band (2,400 to 2,484 MHz).
E Q U I P M E N T
D E S C R I P T I O N
The FR500 offers a lower throughput and is ideal for small networks, due to the size
restriction of its cells. FR1000 and FR 500 are designed for larger networks and offer
higher throughput and larger coverage areas. The next chapters present the technical
specification and possible configuration of each of the radios.
The following table presents the main characteristics of the FlexiRadio family. The
over-the-air data throughput can be as high as 108 Mbps for a 20 MHz bandwidth.
General Characteristics
The radio is configured to use a specific band via software. Within a band, this
software selects the best available channel or follows a master frequency plan. The
channel bandwidth can also be selected via software (5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 MHz). The
software supports extended range technology, allowing the reception of data up to 256
kbps, significantly increasing the range of the network.
Note
The radio firmware is factory programmed to limit the transmission
power to regulatory power limits and to keep the performance compliant
with masks. The user has no control to change the power settings.
The actual transmitted power is automatically adjusted to comply with the desired data
rate, minimizing interference. The antennas should be installed by a professional and
should comply with the maximum regulatory radiation limits. Receive diversity is
available in all radios. Some models also offer transmit diversity. An additional 3 dB
output power gain is obtained for models FR 500 and FR2000 due to the antenna
diversity configuration.
Network Architecture
FlexiRadio can be installed on poles, traffic lights, building walls, or bridges. Because of
its multi-radio capability, FlexiRadio allows flexible configurations to best suit each
application, considering spectrum availability and throughput requirements. The
network architecture is also flexible and can be implemented with several levels of
hierarchy.
Single Level Hierarchical Network
This is the typical ad-hoc configuration. The best channel available is chosen for each
connection.
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
E Q U I P M E N T
D E S C R I P T I O N
FIGURE 1 SINGLE LEVEL HIERARCHICAL NETWORK
Two-Level Hierarchical Network
In this networks, multiple stations connect to a RAN with cabled backhaul access. The
same channel is used at each RAN.
CBH
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
FIGURE 2 TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL NETWORK
Three-Level Hierarchical Network
In a three-level hierarchical network, a separate layer is used for backhaul. This setup
requires more available channels than the networks with less hierarchical levels.
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
CBH
Radio
Radio
FIGURE 3 THREE-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL NETWORK
Cross-Level Hierarchical Network
This configuration avoids the need of separate channels for the backhaul.
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
FIGURE 4 CROSS-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL NETWORK
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
CBH
Radio
E Q U I P M E N T
D E S C R I P T I O N
Combined Hierarchical Network
The following figure illustrates the multiple configurations that can co-exist within a
single network.
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
CBH
Radio
Radio
Radio
FIGURE 5 COMBINED HIERARCHICAL NETWORK
An example of such a network is a PAN (Personal Area Network), in which a network
is established around a vehicle, for example, for the personnel around it to be able to
use their personal devices to access the network. This network may use a particular
band such as ISM. The vehicle than connects to the best server RAN, but, at the same
time, a shadow radio registers with the second best server, thus the connection can be
kept if the vehicle moves from one cell to the other. The backhaul of this example
could be done using cross-level or separate levels hierarchical connections.
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S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Software Structure
The software to program FlexiRadios is fully structured and
uses proven modules to provide the required functionalities
he security layer implements state of the art security functions. The grid
management layer allows many different network configurations. This
software fully supports IP based applications, allowing the deployment of
video, video conferencing, VoIP, ftp, web, and other IP based services.
Broadcasting and multicasting are also possible.
Applications
Grid Management
Access Point Functionality
Security Functionality
802.11 Drivers
Kernel
FIGURE 6 SOFTWARE STRUCTURAL LAYERS
Users can configure FlexiRadio through a serial port or a web interface, which can be
cabled of wireless. A powerful command line interface is also available through telnet.
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Access Point Web Server
The web server is located in the AP and can be accessed from any station connected to
this AP’s network. The web server configuration windows provide a user-friendly
interface to aid users in setting up the AP.
Users must press the Update button to save any changes made to the configuration.
The AP must be rebooted to apply the changes. The web server looses connectivity as
the AP reboots. Users can restore that connection one the AP has completed
rrebooting.
There are four groups of pages to be configured: script, firmware, configuration, and
statistics. The configuration pages are subdivided into system and radio (2.4 and 5.0
GHz). The following sections describe how to access the web server and configure
each of these pages.
The following steps describe how to configure the AP through the web. For the web
server configuration pages to work properly, the web browser must support frames
and have Java scripts enabled.
Accessing the Web Server
To access the web server from the host PC, open a web browser, such as Internet
Explorer, and type in the IP address assigned to the desired AP, such as,
http://192.168.1.20/index.htm. The Access Point Web Server homepage is displayed.
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FIGURE 7 AP WEB SERVER HOMEPAGE
To access the configuration pages users must click on the picture and then fill in the
information requested to obtain login authorization. Both user name and password are
case sensitive. The following information can be used for login:
User Name: Admin
Password: 5up
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FIGURE 8 LOGIN INFORMATION
When users click OK, the Top-level AP Statistics window is displayed (Figure 9).
FIGURE 9 TOP-LEVEL STATISTICS WINDOW
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Configuration Pages
The left panel of the web server pages contains links for the main configuration
windows. Auxiliary configuration windows can be accessed through these main pages.
The link for the configuration pages is at the left panel of all AP web server pages.
There are two main types of configuration pages: system and radio. This document
starts by describing the system configuration. Users can switch between system and
radio configuration using the links under Setup on the left panel. The system
configuration page allows users to define the general operating settings for the access
point.
System Configuration Page
FIGURE 10 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION PAGE
In this window, users must type in the user name and password and specify a unique
name for the AP (system name - up to 32 characters in length). Users select the
country where the AP is operating through the drop-down list.
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Users must also configure the IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway Address
for the AP. To use command lines through telnet, users must select the “Enable
Telnet” check box.
After configuring the system page, users must define the radio parameters. The link to
access this screen (Radio) is located at the left panel, under Setup.
Radio Initial Setup Page
FIGURE 11 RADIO INITIAL SETUP
This window allows users to configure the 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz radios. The check
boxes on the top of each section determine whether a radio is operational or not.
Radios can be disabled/enabled at any time through this screen.
Users must also select which operation mode the radio is operating in: Access Point,
Wireless Client, or Repeater. If operating as a wireless client, users must also fill in the
remote AP MAC address. Radios in this mode provide wireless access for devices to a
remote AP. STAs cannot associate to radios in this mode.
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If the radio is operating as a repeater, users must also fill in the Remote AP MAC
address. Wireless repeaters relay signals between STAs and an AP. An AP in repeater
mode scans for a root AP and, once associated, acts like a point-to-point bridge
between clients associated to the repeater and the root AP.
The Site Survey button triggers a 5GHz or 2.4 GHz site survey, displaying a list of
every AP available.
Users can edit radio configuration through the Edit Radio Settings buttons. A Radio
Configuration window is displayed allowing users to start editing radio settings. Several
other configuration windows, such as security and WAP settings, can be accessed
through this main window.
All configuration windows are the same for both types of radio; the advanced
configuration window, however, presents additional fields for 2.4 GHz radios. Each of
these windows is described next.
Radio Settings Page
FIGURE 12 RADIO SETTINGS PAGE
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The radio configuration window allows users to set generic radio operating
information for the AP. In this window, the SSID represents the identification of the
AP. This could be a number or address, between 1 and 32 characters in length, that the
STAs associate with in infrastructure mode. This SSID can be used for more than one
AP, therefore, users must use the System Name field (System Configuration dialog
box) to uniquely identify the each AP. When operating as a wireless client or repeater,
the SSID identifies the remote AP to which the device is associated.
The Suppress SSID check box prevents the broadcast of the AP’s SSID in beacons;
when enabled, only the STAs with previous knowledge of an AP’s SSID can associate
to that AP.
In the wireless mode drop-down list, users must select the frequency range and data
rate for operation. The Radio Frequency allows the selection of the desired operation
frequency. The frequencies on the drop-down list depend on the wireless mode
selected. The option ”Smart Select” automatically searches through the frequency list
to find a valid and less congested channel.
The Security drop-down list allows users to choose between open-system, WPA-only,
WPA2-only, and WPA2-auto. WPA (Wired Protection Access) modes have a special
page for configuring security settings. The WPA security configuration page (Figure
16) can be accessed by pressing the Edit Security Settings button. If WPA is not used,
the button shows the general security settings page (Figure 17).
Users can also select determine whether QoS (Quality of Service) is not defined (none)
or is WME (Wireless Media Extension). The Edit QoS Setting button allows users to
provide detailed QoS configuration (Figure 13).
The Advanced Settings button displays a window for more detailed operating
configuration.
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QoS Configuration Page
FIGURE 13 QOS CONFIGURATION PAGE
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Advanced Radio Settings Page
FIGURE 14 ADVANCED RADIO SETTINGS PAGE
In the advanced settings page, users must select the data transmission rate from the
drop-down list. The option “best” adapts the rate to the best available.
The transmit power level is also selected from a drop-down list. Users should decrease
the power if more than one AP is co-located and operating in the same frequency
channel.
For antenna diversity, users can choose to use antenna 1, antenna 2, or the best
available.
Users can defined the channel bandwidth mode as quarter (5 MHz), half (10 MHz), or
full (20 MHz).
The Beacon Interval is defined between 20 and 1000, whereas the data beacon rate,
which specifies the delivery traffic indication message (DTIM), is limited between 1
and 16384.
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The Fragment Length and RTS/CTS Threshold are both limited between 256 and
2346.
This page presents additional parameters when configuring 2.4 GHz radios (Figure 15).
FIGURE 15 ADVANCED RADIO SETTINGS PAGE – 2.4 GHZ RADIO
Radio buttons allow users to specify the short preamble (11b) usage. When enabled,
both short and long preambles are used. When disabled, only long preambles are used.
Users can also disable or enable the association of 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps STAs only.
The protection mode drop-down list allows defining the CTS protection mode as
never on (none), always on, or automatic. Users can set the CTS protection rate to 1,2,
5.5, or 11 Mbps. The protection type can be CTS only or RTS-CTS.
Radio buttons also allows users to enable or disable short slot time usage.
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Security Settings
The WPA page only has to be configured when the WPA mode is enabled in the
Radio Settings page (Figure 12). In this case, users can access the WPA Security
Configuration page (Figure 16) through the Edit Security Settings button.
WPA Configuration Page
FIGURE 16 WPA CONFIGURATION PAGE
The radio button on top of the page allows users to specify either PSK (pre-shared
key) or EAP (802.1x) mode. Choose EAP for WPA-TLS, or PSK for WPA-PSK
authentication.
The PassPhrase field is a password phrase from 8 to 63 ASCII characters in length, or
a hexadecimal phrase with exactly 64 characters. This phrase is only required if using
WPA-PSK
If using WPA-TLS, after configuring this page, users must configure the RADIUS
security server (Figure 18) by pressing the Edit Security Server Settings button.
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The Cipher Type can be TKIP, AES, or Auto. The Group Key Update Interval is an
internal value between 15 and 300 seconds. Users can also configure this value as 0,
representing that it is disabled.
Security Settings Page
If WPA is not enabled, users must configure the general security settings page (Figure
17), which can be accessed through the Edit Security Settings button in the Radio
Settings page (Figure 12). The radio buttons on top of the general security settings page
allows users to configure the security mode: disabled, pre-shared key, or dynamic. The
key entry method can be hexadecimal or ASCII text.
FIGURE 17 SECURITY SETTINGS PAGE
Users can configure up to four Encryption keys to be used for broadcast/multicast
frames. The key length can be 10, 26, or 32 hexadecimal digits or, respectively, 5, 13, or
16 ASCII characters. Radio buttons allow users to pick the key to be used as default
shared key.
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Users can also specify the state of the Access Control List (ACL) using the drop-down
menu. Three options are available: 1) disable, which offers unrestricted access. By
default, while checking of whether the ACL is enabled, the access control list itself is
empty. This is the same as disabling the checking on the ACL; 2) enable, which offers
restricted access. An ACL entry must exist before ACL can be enabled. While ACL is
enabled, stations with valid shared keys and stations with matching “allow” entries on
the ACL are authenticated; 3) strict, which offers restricted access with ACL match.
This mode requires an ACL entry that specifies the station’s assigned unique key or the
station is denied association. In the strict mode, stations with valid share keys and not
on the ACL are not authenticated. The stations must have unique keys defined and
matching “allow” ACL entries specified to associate to the AP.
RADIUS Security Server details (Figure 18) can be configured through the Edit
Security Server Settings button.
RADIUS Security Server Configuration Page
The IEEE 802.1x protocol is designed to support port-based authentication and
secure key distribution, as well as unique encryption keys distribution for an entire BSS.
This system provides AP and STA support for this protocol.
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FIGURE 18 RADIUS SERVER SETTINGS PAGE
The RADIUS server security settings include the definition of the domain name server
and its IP address. Users must also specify the RADIUS IP address, port and password
(secret). The Key Source determines the location of the RADIUS keys: “local”
indicates that the keys are in the AP; “remote”, that they are in the RADIUS server. To
enable 802.1x on the AP, users must configure this page and select the key source as
remote.
ACL Configuration Pages
Users can access this configuration page (Figure 19) through the Edit ACL Settings
button in the General Security Configuration page (Figure 17).
FIGURE 19 ACL CONFIGURATION PAGE
Users can add and remove ACLs from the list using the Add and Delete buttons
respectively. The access control list (ACL) allows an administrator to perform security
actions based on the client station MAC address. This selection allows or denies
association with the AP and for unique, per station, WEP key assignment.
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The Add button displays a new page (Figure 20) for configuring the ACL information.
Users must specify three parameters for each ACL: the MAC address, the ACL type,
and a unique key.
FIGURE 20 NEW ACL PAGE
The MAC address specifies the STA to be included in the ACL, whereas The ACL
type specifies the current state of each STA:
•
•
•
•
Allow – enables access for the MAC address to the ACL
Deny – denies access for the MAC address to the ACL
Default shared key – the MAC address uses the default shared key
64/128/256 bits – specifies lengths for shared keys
After configuring the ACL, users must press the Add to List button. The delete button
can be used to remove an item from the list.
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After creating ACL entries, users can click on each MAC address presented in the ACL
list (Figure 19) to edit the permissions for that list item. The page displayed (Figure 21)
is similar to the page for adding new entries, except that here the MAC address is
already known.
FIGURE 21 EDIT ACL PAGE
Script Configuration
The Script Configuration window (Figure 22) allows execution of text scripts of CLI
commands (e.g. construction of a text script to enter the shared keys for stations). All
set commands can be used in scripts, except for the following: “set security”, “set
password”, “find bss”, “ftp”, “password”, and “ping”.
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FIGURE 22 SCRIPT CONFIGURATION PAGE
To use scripts, users must first develop the scripts for the application. Then use this
window to enter the host name where the script resides. Users must also type in the
user name and password for this host. The Script path and name fields determine
where the script is located.
Users must press the Execute button to run the script. The Restore button reverts to
the previous configuration.
Firmware Update Configuration
The Firmware Update Basic configuration window (Figure 23) displays the current File
Transfer Protocol (FTP) location of new firmware. The AP uses the FTP to download
the operating image from the HPC. An FTP server utility is required to perform the
data transfer between the AP and the HPC.
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FIGURE 23 FIRMWARE UPDATE BASIC CONFIGURATION PAGE
Before users configure this FTP location, the page displays the default values for the
Host Name, Image Path, and Image Name. This window is accessed through the
navigation bar, Firmware Update option. To change the default configuration users
must press the Advanced button. The AP Firmware Update Advanced Configuration
window (Figure 24) is displayed.
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FIGURE 24 FIRMWARE UPDATE ADVANCED CONFIGURATION PAGE
This advanced window allows the configuration of new information on the FTP
location of new firmware or filename of the firmware.
Users must enter the Host Name, or host’s PC’s IP address, User Name, Password,
Image Path, and Image Name. The button “Use Factory FTP Location” reverts the
settings to the default vendor values. Users must press the Update Firmware button to
store the firmware changes.
If the Flash memory contains two images, the Restore button toggles between them. If
it contains only one image, the Restore button has no effect.
Statistics Window
Users can access the AP Statistics window at any time through the Statistics link
displayed on the left panel of the web page. This window (Figure 25) displays the
assigned ID, MAC address, and current state of the AP and all stations currently part
of its Basic Service Set (BSS). This window automatically updates itself each minute.
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FIGURE 25 TOP-LEVEL STATISTICS WINDOW
Users can view the statistics on the AP by clicking on the MAC address hyperlink for
the desired AP. Figure 26 shows an example of a BSS Stats window.
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FIGURE 26 BASIC SERVICE SET (BSS) STATISTICS WINDOW FOR AN AP
The BSS Stats window is divided into sections that provide the AP configuration, AP
SME statistics (station association information), or AP transmit and receive statistics.
The AP stats window automatically updates itself every five seconds.
The title of the window indicates the current state of the AP (e.g. “5GHz AP is up”).
The first row indicates the authentication type (open-system or shared key), encryption
(enabled or disabled), and the current state of advertised cipher negotiations (AES
and/or WEP, or none).
The second row indicates how many times an STA has attempted authentication,
deauthentication, association, deassociation, and reassociation.
The third row describes packet information. The MSDU (Maximum Service Data
Unit) column specifies the number of packets sent and received by the AP. Packets can
be data, control, or management. The Data/Management/Control columns specify the
number of packets sent and received for each. The last two columns specify,
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respectively, the number of multicast packets and error count for both transmit and
receive directions.
The last two rows indicate, respectively, reception and transmission errors. Receive
errors are categorized as discarded frames, duplicate frames, CRC errors, PHY errors,
and DMA errors. Transmit are categorized as discarded frames, excessive retries and
DMA errors.
Users can also visualize statistics for a station by clicking on the MAC address
hyperlink for the desired station in the top-level Statistics window (Figure 25). Figure
27 shows an example of a BSS Stats window for a station.
FIGURE 27 BASIC SERVICE SET (BSS) STATISTICS WINDOW FOR A STATION
This window displays station configuration and statistics for the selected station. The
Association ID shows the ID of the STA. The first row indicates whether the power
save option is enabled or disabled and which type of encryption is used (AES, WEP,
none).
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The second row shows ciphering configuration, indicating supported cipher types and
current unicast and multicast cipher used.
The third row indicates how many times an STA has attempted authentication,
deauthentication, association, deassociation, and reassociation.
The fourth row describes packet information. The MSDU (Maximum Service Data
Unit) column specifies the number of packets sent and received by the AP. Packets can
be data, control, or management. The Data/Management/Control columns specify the
number of packets sent and received for each. The last two columns specify,
respectively, the number of multicast packets and error count for both transmit and
receive directions.
The fifth row shows signal strength (in dBm) and data rate (in Mbps) for both transmit
and receive direction.
The last two rows indicate, respectively, reception and transmission errors. Receive
errors are categorized as discarded frames, duplicate frames, CRC errors, PHY errors,
and DMA errors. Transmit are categorized as discarded frames, excessive retries and
DMA errors.
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A C R O N Y M S
Acronyms
AC – Alternating Current
ACPS - AC Power Supply
AP – Access Point
BH - Backhaul
CPU – Central Processing Unit
DC – Direct Current
DCPS – DC Power Supply
DSRC - Dedicated Short Range Communications
EEPROM – Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
FCC – Federal Communications Commision
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IP – Internet Protocol
ITS - Institute for Telecommunication Sciences
LNA – Low Noise Amplifier
MIPS – Millions of Instructions per Second
OBU – On Board Unit
OFDM – Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
PA – Power Amplifier
PAN – Personal Area Network
PC – Personal Computer
PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
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A C R O N Y M S
PRE – Pre-amplifier
RAM - Random Access Memory
RAN – Radio Access Node
RF – Radio Frequency
RSU – Road Side Unit
RX – Receiver, reception
SDRAM – Synchronous Dynamic RAM
STA – Station
SW – Switch
TDD – Time Division Duplexing
TX – Transmitter, transmission
UNII - Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
32

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