Crescend Technologies P10XXUH1 AMPLIFIER User Manual 2

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Cresce cf
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INSTALLATION AND SERVICE
MM
CS SERIES
CONTINUOUS DUTY
POWER AMPLIFIER
February 9. 2007 Rev B
Crescend Technologies Tel: 847 908 5400
920 E. State Parkway Fax: 847 908 5408
Schaumburg. IL 60173 Email: sales@CrescendTech.com
Web Site: www.CrescendTech.com
Copyrighl Crescent! Technologies MOMMOOO Rev 8
Par. No.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.1
42
4.3
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1
General Description
introduction
General Description
Functional and Physical Specifications
Equipment Changes
Section 2
Installation
introduction
Electrical Service Recommendations
Unpacking and Inspection
Installation Instructions
Amplifier Summary Alarm and Power Cutback Control
Section 3
General Operating lniormation
Introduction
Location oi Status Indicators
Initial Start-Up
Section 4
Principles of Operation
Introduction
RF Input Signal
RF Output Load
Functional Description
Main RF Path
Loop Control
VSWR Protection
Thermal Protection
Amplifier Cooling
Page No.
Giott-
common
11
11
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
Copyright Crescend Technologies 2 04000311001 Rev B
Par. No.
5.1
5.2
5,3
5.4
5.5
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.311
6.3.2
Figure
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
5-1
Table
1-1
1-2
2-1
3-1
5—1
5-2
6-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section 5
Maintenance
Introduction
Periodic Maintenance
Cleaning Air InletsIOuIIeIs
Test Equipment Required Ior Test
Performance Test
Section 6
Troubleshooting
Introduction
Troubleshooting
Relum for Service Procedure
Obtaining an RMA
Repackaging for Shipment
List of Illustrations
CS Series Amplifier. Front View
05 Series Amplifier, Rear View
C5 Series Amplifier. Rear View Left
CS Series Amplifier. Rear View Right
05 Series Status Indicators. Front Panel
Amplifier Test Setup diagram
List of Tables
05 Amplifier Functional Specifications
Frequency Ranges. Input/Output Power. Current,
Spurious and Harmonics
Summary Alarm and Outback Control Connections
05 Series Amplifier Status Indicators
Periodic Maintenance
Test Equipment Required
Troubleshooting
Copyright Crescent: Technologies 3
Page N04
MMOJADM Rev B
14
14
14
15
15
10
11
14
15
16
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information and procedures for installation. operation. and
maintenance 01 Crescend‘s CS Series Continuous Duty Power Amplifier. The manual is
organized into six sections as follows:
Section 1. General Description
Section 2. Installation
Section 3. Operating Instructions
Section 4. Principles of Operation
Section 5. Maintenance
Section 6. Troubleshooting
1.2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Crescend Technologies C5 Series of RF power amplifiers are designed for trunking
and conventional repeater applications, Rack mountable and designed to accept a range
of input powers for a given rated output power. each amplifier covers a broad range at
Irequencies without retuning. Closed loop power control is used to maintain a constant
output power under varying voltage. signal input. frequency and output load conditions.
Several design features work to protect the amplifier under adverse conditions.
Designed to fit in 7 inches of rack space. the C5 front panel inctudes status LED indicators
for DC and Alarm conditions. RF Input. RF Output. DC. summary alarm and power
cutback connections are found on the back oi the amplifier. A rear mounted Ian brings in
air from the back and blows the air across the heat sink fins exiting out the sides of the
amplifier.
"a...
a. o-vuwr +
"Jr est-3 id
< am... _ .,
Figure 1-1. C5 Series Amplifier, Front View
Copyright Crescent! Technologies 4 040003A001 Rev B
Figure 1-2. 05 Series Amplifier, Rear View
1.3, FUNCTIONAL AND PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Functional and physical specifications for the 05 Series amplifiers are listed in Tables 1-1
and 1-2.
1.4. EQUIPMENT CHANGES
Crescend Technologies, Inc. reserves the right to make minor changes without notice.
including, but not necessarily limited to‘ component substitution and circuitry changes.
Such changes may or may not be incorporated in this manual. although it is our intention to
keep each manual as up-to—date as possible. To that end, we ask that you. our customer.
share information with us acquired in field situations. which might be of assistance to
another USET.
Copyright Crescend Technologies 5 040003A001 Rev B
Table 1-1. C5 Series Amplifier Functional Specifications
__
__
40 °c to no °c
INDICATORS
Front Panel Display: DC ON (Green), LOW OUTPUT (Red).
HIGH VSWR Red . OVER TEMP Red
SUMMARY ALARM
Summary of Low Output. High VSWR. Over
Temp Alarms
Alarm and Control Pins:
CONTROLS
CTRL(PartiaI Power Outback)
Copyrigm Crescent: Technologies 6 040003A001 Rev B
Table 1-2. Frequency Ranges, Input/Output Power, Current, Spurious and Harmonics
Typ Max Spurlous and
Current Current Harmonlcs
(A) A
Frequency Input Power Rated Output
Range (MHz) Range (W) Power (W)
2-5
5-1 0
10-20
20-50
30-30 (AA)
36-42 (AB)
42-50 (AC)
100 (P10) 20 23
136-144 (DA)
144-152 (DB)
152-162 (EA)
162-174 (EB)
80 (Pa)
100 (P10)
110 (P11)
150 (P15)
406-426 (GA)
420450 (GB)
450470 (HA) 100 (P10)
470490 (HB)
490-512 (HC)
764-776 (J)
850-870 (K) 00 (P9)
928-942 (L)
NOTES: Manufacturer‘s Rated Oulpul Power of this Equipment is for Single Carrier
Operation
All specifications above apply at +133 1 0.1 VDC operating voltage.
ambient temperature of 25°C 1 S‘C.
Copyright Crescent! Technologies 7 040003A001 Rev 0
2. INSTALLATION
2.1. INTRODUCTION
This section contains installation recommendations. unpacking, inspection, and installation
instructions for the C5 Series of amplifiers. Carefully read all the material in this section
prior to equipment unpacking or installation. Also read and review the operating procedures
in Section 3 prior to installing the equipment. It is important that the licensee perform these
tasks correctly and in good faith. if applicable, carefully read Parts 73 and 74 of the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) rules to determine how they apply to your installation.
DON’T TAKE CHANCES WITH YOUR LICENSE.
2.2. ELECTRICAL SERVICE RECOMMENDATlONS
Crescend Technologies recommends that proper AC line conditioning and surge
suppression be provided on the primary AC input to the +133 VDC power source. All
electrical service should be installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code, any
applicable state or local codes, and good engineering practice, Special consideration
should be given to lightning protection of all systems in View of the vulnerability of most
transmitter sites to lightning. Lightning arrestors are recommended in the service entrance.
Straight. short ground runs are recommended. The electrical service must be well
grounded. Each amplifier should have its own circuit breaker.
2.3. UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
This equipment has been operated. tested and calibrated at the factory. Only in the event
of severe shocks or other mistreatment should any substantial readjustment be required.
Carefully open the oontainer(s) and remove the amplifier module(s). Retain all packing
material that can be reassembled in the event that the unit must be returned to the factory.
CAUTION: Exercise care in handling equipment during inspection to
prevent damage caused by rough or careless handling.
Visually inspect the amplifier module for damage that may have occurred during shipment.
Check for evidence of water damage. bent or warped chassis. loose screws or nuts. or
extraneous packing material in the connector or fans. Inspect the rear panel connector for
bent connector pins. If the equipment is damaged. a claim should be filed with the carrier
once the extent of any damage is assessed. We cannot stress too strongly the importance
of IMMEDIATE careful inspection of the equipment and the subsequent IMMEDIATE filing
of the necessary claims against the carrier if necessary. If possible, inspect the equipment
in the presence of the delivery person. If the equipment is damaged, the carrier is your first
area of recourse. If the equipment is damaged and must be returned to the factory. write or
phone for a return authorization. Crescend may not accept returns without a return
authorization. Claims for loss or damage may not be withheld from any payment to
Crescend. nor may any payment due be withheld pending the outcome thereof. WE
CANNOT GUARANTEE THE FREIGHT CARRIER'S PERFORMANCE.
Copyright Crescend Technologies a 040003A001 Rev B
2.4.
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
The C5 amplifier is designed for installation in a rack that permits access to the rear of the
rack for connection of DC power, RF, and monitor/control cables. The amplifier must have a
minimum of 3 inches of open space behind the rear ten to allow adequate ventilation.
To install the amplifier proceed as follows:
9.5.“ I”?
9’
Install amplifier in equipment rack and secure in place.
Connect a 50 ohm antenna cable and load to the RF OUT connector on rear of
amplifier.
Connect the transceiver/exciter output to RF IN connector on rear ol amplifier.
If monitoring of PA is desired, connect alarm cable to “ALARM" pln on rear of
amplifier module. See section 2.5 for more details.
It limited output power control oi PA is desired, connect control cable or
appropriate resistor to “SH/D" pin on rear of amplifier module. See section 2.5 for
more details.
If remote output power cutback ot PA is desired. connect control cable to “CTRL”
pin on rear of amplifier module See section 2.5 for more details.
Measure primary DC input voltage. DC input voltage should be *13.8 H- 0.1VDC.
Turn oft DC voltage.
WARNING: Turn off external primary DC power before connecting DC power cables.
8.
9.
10.
NOTE:
Connect positive primary power wire (&13.8VDC) to terminal marked *13.8VDC
and negative primary power wire to GND terminal on rear of amplifier.
Check your work before applying DC voltage to the system. Make certain all
connections are tight and the DC wires are going to the correct terrninats.
Refer to Section 3 for initial start-up procedures.
Make sure power supply DC is well filtered and well behaved with minimal
voltage overshoot.
Keep DC wires as short as possible to minimize inductance induced voltage
transienls.
Size DC Wires properly to handle the load current to minimize voltage drop.
Figure 2-1. CS Series Amplifier, Rear Vlew Left
Copyright Crescent: Technologies 9 040003A001 Rev a
Flgure 2-2. 05 Series Amplifier, Rear View nght
2.5. AMPLIFIER SUMMARY ALARM AND POWER OUTBACK CONTROL
The summary alarm and cutback control connectlons are made through separate filtered
leedthrough connectors on the back of the amplifier.
Table 2-1. Summary Alarm and Cutback Control Connections
“ FUNCTION oescnrpnon common “prgig'ATE
Indicates when: Normal Operation: < 1 VDC > 10 kOhm.
1. The output power is low. Alarm: > 8 VDC (up to Voc) < 100pF
or
, 1.8 kOhm
2. VSWR culback rs between pin and
activated, °' Normal Operation: < 1 VDC ground.
3. Thermal cutback is Alarm: 4 - 5 VDC <500 pF
activated
Normal Operation - pin not
Used as a simple means or connected
cutting back output power 4
by a fixed amount (145 Cutback Mode — pin pulled
dB). to ground. The output
power reduces by
a- -roximatel 1dB-1.5 dB.
It is possible to reduce the Normal Operation — pin not Resistor value
output power continuously connected.
by up to 4 dB by connecting
a resistor between this pin Power Control Mode - pin
and ground. pulled to ground through
resistor.
Copyright Crescend Technologies 10 moocmom Rev B
3. GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION
3.14 INTRODUCTION
This section contains operating instructions for the CS amplifier.
3.2. LOCATION OF STATUS INDICATORS
The location and function of the CS amplifier status indicators and is shown in Flgure 3-1
and descrlbed in detail in Table 3-1.
Figure 3-1. CS Series Status Indicators, Front Panel
Table 3-1. cs Series Amplifier Status Indicators
STATUS LED FUNCTION
“ Green LED. Illumination indicates DC Power has been applied.
Low OUTPUT Red LED. Actlvates when the output power drops to approximately
80-85% of set output power.
HIGH VSWR Red LED. Activates when load VSWR exceeds approximately
2.5:1.
HIGH TEMP Red LED. Activates when the amplifier exceeds a safe operating
temperature.
Copyright Crescent! Technologies 11 040mm Rev e
3.3. INITIAL STARTUP
To perform the initial start-up, proceed as follows:
Check to ensure that all input and output cables are properly connected and tightened.
Note: Use high quality coaxial cable and oonnectors. Properly install and solder all
connectors for reliability.
CAUTION: Before applying power, make sure that the input and output of the
amplifier are properly terminated in 50 ohms. Do not operate the
amplifier without a load attached. Refer to Table 1-2 for input
power requirements. Excesslve input power will damage the
amplifier.
NOTE: The output coaxial cable between the amplifier and the antenna
must be 50 ohm coaxial cable.
2. Apply Dc power to the amplifier. Verify that the power supply measures 13.8 t 0.1VDC.
The fan will come on immediately (or a few seconds and then turn on.
3. Visually check the indicators on each amplifier module, and verify the following:
a. The DC PWR ON indicator (green) should he on.
b. All ALARM LED indicators (red) should be oil.
4. Turn on external exciter/Iransceiver and apply RF input signal. The fan should turn on
after approximately 3 seconds.
5. Turn oil RF input signal. The fan should continue running. but turn oft alter
approximately 645 seconds.
Copyright Crescent! Technologies |2 040003A00| Rev B
4. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
4.1. INTRODUCTION
This section contains principles of operation of the CS Series of RF Power Amplifiers.
4.2. RF INPUT SIGNAL
The amplifiers are set at the factory to work over different input power ranges The
available range of inputs for different frequency ranges may be found in Table 1-2.
4.3. RF OUTPUT LOAD
The load impedance should be as good as possible (VSWR <1 .2:1) in the working band for
good power transfer to the load and maximum amplifier elficiency.
4.4. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The amplifier is a single channel CW amplifier that operates in various frequency bands
from 30 MHz to 942 MHz. The amplifier specifications are listed in Tables 1-1 and 1-2.
4.4.1. MAIN RF PATH
The typical main RF path consists of an input attenuator. driver. splitter, final slage(s).
combiner. it detectors and harmonic filter. The circuitry becomes active upon the
sensing of rt input power. This occurs when rt input reaches approximately 3 dB below
the low end of the input power range. This keeps standby current at a minimum (< 20
mA) when rt input is not present (or is below the turn on level).
4.4.2. LOOP CONTROL
The loop control circultry includes circuitry to works to maintain a constant output power
versus variations in DC voltage, rt input power, frequency and load. A coupled detector
at the output monitors the final RF output level and generates a DC voltage proportional
to the RF output level. This voltage is fed back to the controller. The circuitry compares
this voltage to a reference voltage and varies the gain of the amplifier to maintain a
constant output.
4.4.3. VSWR PROTECTION
Reflected power is detected at the output of the amplifier and compared to forward
power. When reflected power reaches an equivalent VSWR of approximately 2.511. the
amplifier output is reduced to protect the finals and the front panel HIGH VSWR LED
activates. The higher the load VSWR. the more the output power is reduced.
4.4.4. THERMAL PROTECTION
The heat sink temperature is monitored with a thermostat. When the heat sink
temperature reaches an unsafe level, the output power of the amplifier is reduced by
approximately 50%. This keeps the channel on the air while still providing some short
term protection until the customer can address the underlying cooling issue.
4.5. AMPLIFIER COOLING
The amplifier is cooled with forced air over a large heat sink. The fan, located on the rear of
the amplifier and switched on and oft with rt input power (3 seconds delay from detection of
RF and 6 seconds hang after RF is removed), draws ambient air in from the back of the
amplifier and forces it over the heat sink. The rear battle forces the air to run over the fins
and exit on each side of the amplifier. II is important to keep a minimum clearance of 3
inches behind the fan and allow the coolest air possible to circulate through the fan.
Copyright Crescend Technologies 13 mommm Rev B
5. MAINTENANCE
5.1. INTRODUCTION
This section contains periodic maintenance and performance test information for the 05
Series. It also contains a list of test equipment required to perform various tests.
NOTE: Check your sales order and equipment warranty before attempting to service
or repair the unit. Do not break the seals on equipment under warranty or the
warranty will be null and void. Do not return equipment for warranty or repair
servloe until proper shipping instructions are received from the factory
5.2. PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
Periodic maintenance requirements are listed in Table 5-1. Table 5-1 also lists the intervals
at which the tasks should be performed.
WARNING: Wear proper eye protection to avoid eye injury when using
compressed air.
Table 5-1‘ Perlodlc Maintenance
TASK INTERVAL
Clean Alr Vantleheck 30 Days Inspect and clean per paragraph 5- 3.
Farr Ven‘ fan Is workin- --.roerl
Inspect Cables and Inspect signal and power cables for
Connectors and General frayed insulation and proper attachment.
Site Condttlons Check RF connectors to make sure that
they are tight. Inspect the lightning
-rotection s tern and - round at the site.
5r3r CLEANING AIR INLETSIOUTLETS
The air inlets and outlets should be checked every 30 days and cleaned it necessary. It the
equipment is Operated in a severe dust environment. it should be checked and cleaned
more often. It dust and dirt are allowed to accumulate. the cooling efficiency will be
diminished. Using either compressed air or a brush with soft bristles, loosen and remove
accumulated dust and dirt from the air inlet panels.
Check that the Ian is mnning smoothly. A slow running or noisy fan may indicate an
imminent tan lailure. Replace immediately with a similar to insure long term reliability.
Heat is one of the biggest factors in reducing the reliability of your amplifier. Make sure the
fan has access to cool and clean airflow within the rack.
Copyright Crescend Technologies 14 MOMQMJOI Rev B
5.4. TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TEST
Test equipment required to test the amplifier performance is listed in Table 5-2. Equivalent
test equipment may be substituted for any item.
NOTE: All RF test equipment must be calibrated to 0.05 dB resolution. Any deviation
from the nominal attenuation must be accounted for and factored into all
output readings.
Table 5-2. Test EqUIpment Required (or equivalent)
——_
——_
_—_
—_—
——_
——_
——tttt_
———
5,5. PERFORMANCE TEST
Performance testing may be conducted to ensure that the amplifier system meets the
operational specifications listed in Tables 1-2 and 1-3. The test equipment required to
perform the testing is listed in Table 5-2 and the test setup is shown in Figure 5-1.
Signal Lab Allcllufllor
Generator Amplifier ll] an
Flgure 5-1. Amplifier Test Setup Diagram
Copyright Crescend Technologies 15 040003A001 Rev B
6. TROUBLESHOOTING
6.1. INTRODUCTION
This section contains a list of potential problems and suggested actions to be taken. If the
suggested corrective action does not eliminate the problem, please contact your Crescend
tactory for further instructions.
NOTE: Check your sales order and equipment warranty before attempting to
service or repair the unit. Do not break the seals on equipment under warranty
or the warranty will be null and void. Do not return equipment for warranty or
repair service until proper shipping instructions are received from the factory.
6.2. TROUBLESHOOTING
Reler to Table 6-1 for troubleshooting suggestions. It has been found that in some cases it
may be necessary to power cycle an amplifier (turn DC power oil and back on without RF
applied) to clear an alarm.
Table 5-1. Troubleshootln
———_W
DCPWRON M Cheeky su-vl voltate
(Green) _-___1__
LOW On (all other Less than set power Frequency is out at Check Irequericyd
OUTPUT alarm LEDs ran-e
(Red) 0") The input power is Check input power
below the low end at
the rated inut rane
uwer supply voltage 1. Check power supply voltage
too low at amplifier“ DC connector
dult' .
Problem inside Send the unit back to factory
am- itier
On (together Output load VSWR is 1. Turn on ampttr er (or remove
with HIGH much above 2.5:1 RF input)
VSWR alarm 2. Check output connections
LED) and cables tor integrity and
tightness
3. Check antenna. combiner.
etc. tor proper return loss
HIGH VSWR Less than set power Output load VSWR is 1, Turn oil amplifier (or remove
(Red) above 2.5;1 RF input)
2. Check output connections
and cables tor integrity and
tightness
3, Check antenna. combiner.
etc. tor - - er relum loss
OVER TEMP Less than set power Fan is not rotating 1. Check it +13 VDC is present
(Red) on the FAN feedlhrough pin
when rt input present (alter
3 set: turn on delay)
. check it anything is
physically stopping rotation
, It tan has tailed. replace tan
with same or similar tart
. Make sure that air access to
temperature of front and rear at unit is
amplifier is exceeding unimpeded
sale level. Note: . Verity that air vents are
When unit boots. LED clear at dust and dirt and
turns 0“ and output that lan(s) are operating
returns to rated power property, Replace tan it
necessary
4. Check ambient temperature
(not to exceed spec - see
Copyright Crescent! Technologies is «coca/wot Rev B
6.3. RETURN FOR SERVICE PROCEDURES
When returning products to Crescend, the following procedures will ensure optimum
response.
6.3.1. OBTAINING AN RMA
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must he obtained prior to returning
equipment to the factory for sen/ice. Please contact our Customer Service Department
at 800—872-6233 to obtain thls number. Failure to obtain this RMA number may result in
considerable delays in receiving repair service
6.3.2. REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT
To ensure safe shipment of the amplifier, it is recommended to use the packaging
designed for the amplifier. The original packaging material is reusable. If it is not
available. contact Crescend‘s Customer Service Department for packing materials and
information.
Copyright Crescent! Teamologies 17 mooosrtom Rev e

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