Domo Tactical Communications NETNODE-5R Mesh NETNode (Rugged)-COFDM Robust IP Mesh Node (Phase5) 2x2W MIMO User Manual NETNode Operations Guide

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Document ID	2900039
Application ID	cjBxf9DyZRHWgpMAeLZWug==
Document Description	Exhibit 08 - NETNode-3-Operations-Guide-R1.8
Short Term Confidential	No
Permanent Confidential	No
Supercede	No
Document Type	User Manual
Display Format	Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf
Filesize	248.75kB (3109373 bits)
Date Submitted	2016-02-09 00:00:00
Date Available	2016-07-07 00:00:00
Creation Date	2015-08-17 09:22:24
Document Lastmod	2015-08-17 09:22:24
Document Title	NETNode Operations Guide
Document Author:	Tactical Communications and Surveillance

Resource Identifier 000-130
Revision R1.8 2015-07-24
NETNode Operations Guide
IP Mesh Systems
Tactical Communications and Surveillance
Commercial in Confidence
The Cobham Centre - Solent
Fusion 2
1100 Parkway
Solent Business Park
Whiteley
Hampshire
PO15 7AB
United Kingdom
+44 (0)1489 566 750
www.cobham.com/tcs
NETNode Operations Guide
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0. Preface
0.1
About this Publication
This publication contains details required for the Operation and Administration of the
equipment or system.
Since the available functions are licensed and rely on the actual installation, not all the
functions and or applications contained in this document can be related or applicable to the
system you will be working with.
Actual screen presentation can be different from those in this document because of software
changes or your browser configuration.
0.2
Who Must Read this Publication
This publication is meant for anyone interested in how the system can best be used, but it is
of most benefit to:
 Operators who are in charge of the daily operation of the equipment.
 Installers who are responsible for the pre-installation, on-site installation and
configuration of the system in the end-user environment.
 Maintainers who are responsible for maintaining the equipment or system.
0.3
Your Knowledge
In this publication we think you have a full knowledge of:
 Basic Personal Computer Operations.
 Basic Radio Frequency (RF) Principles.
0.4
Notice about Specifications
While Cobham tries to keep the precision of the information contained in its material guides,
the information can change without notice. Performance specifications included in this
publication are included for customer guidance and to help system installation. Actual
operating performance can change.
0.5
Notice about this Guide
The material described in this publication has continuous development and improvement.
All applicable details of the material and its functions (with the information and applicable
details in this guide) are given by Cobham in good faith. But, it is acknowledged
that there can be errors or omissions in this guide.
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Typographic Conventions
This publication uses these typographic conventions to identify text that has a special
meaning:
Typographic Convention
Example
TEXT in small capitals represents a key push on the
console keyboard or hardware panel.
ESC, F1, SHIFT
The + sign means “hold down the first key while pushing
the second key”.
Push CTRL+C to abort
 Serves as a placeholder for text that you will
replace as applicable to its context.
Use the filename
.sys for…
Text in bold emphasises a new word or term of
significance.
We name this a protocol
and its function is…
[-a] Text in these brackets shows an optional component
that can be left out.
Ls [-a]
NN This shows a value entered on a numeric keypad.
45 on the numeric keypad
Successive menu selections are shown with arrows to
show a sub-menu. In this example this means:
Insertpicturefrom file
Select the Insert menu, then select picture, then select
from file.
0.7
Symbols
This publication uses these symbols to highlight important information:
WARNING: A written notice given to a reader when a situation might cause personal injury
or loss of life.
CAUTION: A written notice given when a situation might cause damage to or destruction of
equipment or systems.
Note: A written notice given to tell you something or to supply more information.
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Trademarks
All trademarks or registered trademarks in this publication are the property of their related
owners.
Copyright © 2014 Cobham TCS Limited.
All rights reserved.
No part of this document can be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, kept in a
retrieval system or translated into other languages without the prior written permission of
Cobham TCS Limited.
Cobham TCS Limited owns the copyright of this publication which is supplied in confidence
and must not be used for functions other than for which it is supplied.
0.9
Related Publications
It can also be necessary to read:
Publication
Source
NETNode User Guide
Cobham Tactical Communications and Surveillance
IP Concept Guide
Cobham Tactical Communications and Surveillance
0.10 Revision History
This publication was written and produced by the Cobham Technical Publications Team.
This is a change controlled publication. Each page of this publication shows a revision
number at the bottom left corner.
Changes to a page will increase the revision status of the full publication.
Revision
Date
Authors
Summary of Changes
Draft 1
2012-11-19
R Cogswell
Initial draft document for
review.
Revision 1.0
2012-11-19
R Cogswell
First formal release.
C Baudouin
Updates to manual.
Revision 1.1
Revision 1.2
2012-12-11
R Cogswell
Formatting review.
Revision 1.3
2010-12-14
C Baudouin
Added V4.2 features.
Revision 1.4
2013-11-03
C Baudouin
Added V5.0 features.
Revision 1.5
2013-12-13
C Baudouin
Added V5.2 roaming.
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Revision
Date
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IP Mesh Systems
Summary of Changes
Revision 1.6
2014-07-17
C Baudouin
Added V5.4 interlink
updates.
Revision 1.7
2014-09-30
R Cogswell
Fixed limit to Mesh ID.
STE-100 Compliant.
Revision 1.8
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to License and Upgrade
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Contents
0. Preface ..................................................................................... 0-1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.10
About this Publication ...................................................................................... 0-1
Who Must Read this Publication ........................................................................ 0-1
Your Knowledge .............................................................................................. 0-1
Notice about Specifications ............................................................................... 0-1
Notice about this Guide .................................................................................... 0-1
Typographic Conventions ................................................................................. 0-2
Symbols.......................................................................................................... 0-2
Trademarks .................................................................................................... 0-3
Related Publications......................................................................................... 0-3
Revision History ........................................................................................... 0-3
Contents......................................................................................... 0-5
1. Basic Operation ......................................................................... 1-1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
General .......................................................................................................... 1-1
Starting and Stopping the NETNode .................................................................. 1-1
Working with the IP Interface ........................................................................... 1-2
Working with IP Cameras - Panasonic BB-HCM735 ............................................. 1-3
Working with Composite Cameras ..................................................................... 1-8
About AVI H264 Coding ................................................................................. 1-13
2. Advanced Operation .................................................................2-14
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
Configuring your NETNode for the very first time ............................................. 2-14
Configuring your NETNode with Node Finder ................................................... 2-16
Working with Talkback ................................................................................... 2-17
Configuring your NETNode for GPS ................................................................. 2-23
About NETNode IP Functionally ...................................................................... 2-26
Multicast Packet Processing ............................................................................ 2-27
Understanding Streaming Over IP ................................................................... 2-30
Configuring Multicast Streaming...................................................................... 2-30
About RTSP Streaming ................................................................................... 2-31
Working with Stream Recording and Playback ............................................... 2-32
Video Flow Control ..................................................................................... 2-36
Working with VLAN ..................................................................................... 2-38
Port Blocking (V5.4 onwards) ...................................................................... 2-41
Interlink Mode ............................................................................................ 2-42
Adding Static Routes................................................................................... 2-44
Routing Information Protocol ....................................................................... 2-45
Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................................... 2-46
Roaming .................................................................................................... 2-46
3. Advanced Setup .......................................................................3-50
3.1
3.2
About Advanced Setup ................................................................................... 3-50
Connecting your PC to your Radio ................................................................... 3-50
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3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
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Configuring the Basic Settings ........................................................................ 3-54
Working with the Status /Overview Sub-Tab .................................................... 3-56
Working with the Status /Spectra Sub-Tab....................................................... 3-60
Working with the Status / Maps Sub-Tab ......................................................... 3-62
Working with the Map Display ........................................................................ 3-65
Uploading Map Data ...................................................................................... 3-66
Working with the Global Settings Tab .............................................................. 3-68
Working with the Configuration Tab ............................................................. 3-75
Working with the Information Tab ............................................................... 3-84
Working with the Encoder Tab ..................................................................... 3-86
Licensing the NETNode ............................................................................... 3-91
Upgrading the Firmware.............................................................................. 3-93
4. Appendix A – Cautions and Warnings ........................................4-97
4.1
4.2
4.3
Cautions and Warnings .................................................................................. 4-97
EMC / Safety and Radio Approvals .................................................................. 4-98
CE Marking ................................................................................................... 4-98
5. Appendix B - Precautions and Maintenance ................................5-99
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
Caring for your Equipment ............................................................................. 5-99
Charging ....................................................................................................... 5-99
Working with Lithium Batteries ....................................................................... 5-99
Cleaning ..................................................................................................... 5-100
Storage ...................................................................................................... 5-100
Repairs ....................................................................................................... 5-100
Getting Technical Support ............................................................................ 5-100
Operate with the Cobham RMA Service ......................................................... 5-101
6. Appendix C-Glossary ............................................................... 6-103
6.1
Glossary ..................................................................................................... 6-103
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1. Basic Operation
1.1
General
This chapter covers day to day operations of a fully configured NETNode system.
When installed and configured the NETNode is easy to operate. These guidelines will help
you do basic operations on your NETNode.
Note: If you are working with a new system or it is necessary to change a configuration,
look at the Advanced Operation and Advanced Setup in this guide.
1.2
Starting and Stopping the NETNode
NETNode units don’t have power switches – you simply apply power to them and they will
start up.
Before you start
This is necessary:
 A NETNode
 A source of power.
Step 1: Powering Up
1. Energize the NETNode with one of the procedures in Setting up your NETNode.
2. On the front panel, the Indicator LED will show stable red. You can see the Indicator LED
change to stable green depending on the condition of the network.
Step 2: Stopping
It is important to stop the system carefully. This makes sure that all procedures are stopped
correctly and no data or settings are forgotten.
1. Disconnect the power cable from the NETNode.
2. On the front Panel, the LED will go out.
3. The system is shutdown safely.
Next Steps
Working with the IP Interface.
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Working with the IP Interface
When working with NETNodes you’ll be connecting with an IP interface and a web browser.
Step 1: Connect the NETNode to your Computer
1. Use the notes in Setting up your NETNode, to connect your PC to the NETNode.
Step 2: Start the Control Session
1. Power up the NETNode.
2. Click Start  Internet on the PC.
3. Your browser window will open.
4. Type the IP address of the NETNode you wish to configure like this example:
http://192.168.2.1/
5. Click the Refresh button.
6. The web browser opens the Status Overview page of the NETNode.
Figure 1-1 Starting a control session
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Step 3: Log in to the Control Application
7. The Authentication Required dialog opens.
8. By default, the User Name is not required.
9. By default the password is meshweb.
10. Click the Log In button.
Figure 1-2 NETNode Authentication Dialog
At this time, you are logged in to the NETNode and can start configuring it to suit your
operation. All the details of working with the Control System are located in Advanced Setup.
Note: If you are simply trying to get some NETNodes configured to operate together as a
mesh network then jump to Configuring the Basic Settings.
1.4
Working with IP Cameras - Panasonic BBHCM735
You will wish to operate with IP cameras across your mesh network. IP cameras are
manufactured by many different companies and they each have different features. We’ll use
the example of a Panasonic IP Camera as it demonstrates many of the techniques that
will be necessary on many manufacturers’ IP cameras.
Before you start
This is necessary:
Like most IP cameras, the Panasonic BB-HCM735 comes with:
 Camera head with integrated microphone and PTZ mounting
 Power supply
 Software for the PC that will monitor and control the camera.
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Step 1: Rig the Camera
Figure 1-3 Rigging an IP Camera
Serial
Part
Description
Panasonic AC
Adaptor, BB-HCA3
Converts 100-240VAC 50-60Hz to 12VDC 0.75A for the
camera head.
Panasonic BBHCM735 Camera
Head
Has integrated camera, microphone and PTZ systems.
Ethernet Cable
The cable is used for the initial configuration. This will
be replaced by the mesh network after setup.
Personal Computer
Needs to support video from the camera.
Panasonic Network
Camera Software
The CD contains configuration setup and Network
camera viewer software.
Table 1-1 – Rigging an IP Camera
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Step 2: Configure the Camera for the first time
It is necessary to have all the parts in the diagram rigged as above.
1. Put the Panasonic Network Camera Software disk into your PC – it auto starts.
2. The Network Camera software starts.
3. Click the Search for Cameras button.
4. The Easy Setup dialog opens.
5. Highlight the camera you wish to operate with.
6. Click the Network Settings button.
7. The Save Settings to Camera dialog opens.
8. Set up a fixed IP address for the camera.
9. Click the Save button.
Figure 1-4 Panasonic BB-HCM735 setup
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Step 3: Rig the Camera across the Mesh
It will be necessary to have two or more fully configured NETNodes, A configured Panasonic
BB-HCM735 Network Camera and a PC with the Panasonic software loaded and configured.
Figure 1-5 Sending IP video across Mesh
Serial
Part
Description
Panasonic BBHCM735 Camera
Head
Has integrated camera, microphone and PTZ systems.
Ethernet
You’ll connect the camera to one of the two Ethernet
ports available on the NETNode.
First NETNode
Located near the target.
Second NETNode
Located at the safe location.
Ethernet
You’ll connect the PC to one of the two Ethernet ports
available on the NETNode.
PC
The PC has Panasonic software pre-configured to
monitor the output of the camera.
Table 1-2 – Sending IP video over Mesh
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Step 4: Monitor the Camera across the Mesh
1. On the PC, click Start Internet to open your web browser.
2. Type the camera IP address into the browser address bar.
3. Click Refresh button.
4. The Connect to dialog box opens.
5. Type in the User name and password for the camera.
6. Click the OK button.
7. The Panasonic Viewing software starts in your browser.
8. Click Single Tab.
9. The Network Camera Control Page opens.
Figure 1-6 Connecting to IP camera across a Mesh network
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With the Panasonic BB-HCM735 Network camera connected in this manner you can use the
software to:
 Monitor the camera output
 Pan
 Tilt
 Zoom
 Move to Preset positions
 Scan in pan and tilt
Panasonic systems also support multi-camera display and some recording facilities.
You’ll find many features in the software to let you to configure the camera:
 White balance
 Resolution
 Brightness
 Image quality
 IP Settings
Note: There are many types of IP camera that you could operate on a mesh system. They
will all have different features. Study the documentation that comes with your chosen
camera.
Note: You will monitor or listen to most assets in the same way depending on the device
being used. Each IP device will have its own control software but is usually accessed by a
web browser.
1.5
Working with Composite Cameras
Sometimes it will be necessary to use composite cameras across your mesh network. If
the MESH node has an AVI option fitted then it will accept standard composite video (NTSC
or PAL) and it will encode and stream the video across the Network. An Encoder Tab appears
on the Web-browser if an internal video encoder is fitted.
Step 1: Check if your NETNode has the AVI board
The AVI board is a factory fitted option. Look at the device label which will have the letters
AVI if the board is fitted.
You can also check by logging on to the NETNode and checking if the Encoder tab is
displayed on the Control Pages. The encoder tab is only there when the board is fitted and
the Global Settings Main Auxiliary Address is set to 1.
Note: The Mini Mesh cannot be fitted with an AVI board.
Step 2: Connect a Composite Camera
It will be necessary to have a fully configured NETNode with AVI option fitted, a composite
camera source and a PC to monitor the images.
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Figure 1-7 Sending composite video across Mesh network
Serial
Part
Description
Composite Camera
Connect the video output of the camera to the BNC 2way plug (sockets) on the CA0477 A/V cable.
Connect the audio output (if available) to the Phono 2way plugs (pins) on the CA0477 A/V cable.
CA0477 A/V Cable
Assembly
Connect the Amphenol 19-way plug (pins) to the
Amphenol 19-way receptacle (sockets) on the
NETNode.
Note: Microphone power is on the audio connectors at
approximately 3V (applicable for Electret
microphones).
First NETNode with
AVI option fitted
Located near the target. Remember, the Auxiliary
address must be set at 1 to see the Encoder tab.
Second NETNode
Located at the safe location.
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Serial
Part
Description
Ethernet
You’ll connect the PC to one of the two Ethernet ports
available on the NETNode.
PC
Has Cobham Stream player software or VLC software
loaded and configured.
Table 1-3 – Sending composite video across Mesh network
Step 3: Configure the NETNode with the AVI Option Fitted
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and log on.
2. Navigate to the Encoder tab.
3. Check that the Video Lock indicator is showing green.
4. Set the Encoder Preset drop-down box to Medium rate (900kbps).
5. Set the Audio Enable checkbox to Checked if you have an audio source connected.
6. Set the Scrambling drop-down box to off.
7. Click Apply button.
8. The Encoder Configured Successfully dialog opens.
9. Click OK button.
Figure 1-8 Encoder configuration
10. Navigate to the Global Settings tab.
11. In the Main pane, set Streaming Protocol to UDP Multicast.
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Figure 1-9 Global Settings, Streaming Protocol
12. Navigate to the Configuration tab.
13. In the Streamer pane, click Stream Enable tick box.
Figure 1-10 Configuration, Stream Enable
Step 4: Stream the Images on the PC Connected NETNode
At this time, look to the other NETNode that has the PC connected. At this part of the link we
will use a technique called streaming to monitor the pictures. While you can download
many types of free streaming software, we will use Cobham Stream Player.
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1. Double-click Stream Player icon.
2. The Multiple Local Addresses dialog opens.
3. Highlight the IP address of your PC.
4. Click OK.
5. Video Stream Player dialog opens.
6. Cascade Mesh Streaming menu and double-click the stream you wish to play.
7. The video will start to play in a new window.
Figure 1-11 Setting up Cobham Stream Player
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About AVI H264 Coding
Phase three units with the AVI option can be upgraded to give H264 video (improved
quality/lower bitrates) and MP3 audio (MPEG1 and half rate MPEG2). The software to
upgrade these units can be found on the Information Tab together with upgrade
instructions.
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2. Advanced Operation
2.1
Configuring your NETNode for the very first time
Usually, you’ll connect to your NETNodes with an IP connection. There are some times when
it will be necessary to connect to the NETNode with a serial connection:
 The first time you get it out of the box from the factory
 If you have forgotten the IP address
 If you have lost the password
 The unit has been left in DHCP mode and it is necessary to apply a fixed IP address
In these cases you’ll connect your NETNode to your PC with the Serial cable and operate
Node Finder.
The most important thing to do when you first get a NETNode is to connect serially and
switch off DHCP. Then apply a fixed IP address. At this time you can operate with the
NETNode quickly with simple IP connections.
Step 1: Connect to your Personal Computer with Serial (RS232)
It will be necessary to have a fully powered NETNode, a personal computer operating the
Mesh Serial Configuration Tool and the correct data cable supplied with the unit.
 NETNode-3-Robust – CA0406
 NETNode-3-Plain – CA0474
 NETNode-Mini Plain – CA0474
1. Connect the Control Cable Assembly to the control receptacle on the NETNode.
2. At this time, connect the D-Type 9-way plug (sockets) marked RS232 on the control
cable to the D-Type 9-way receptacle (pins) on your personal computer.
CAUTION: There are two D-Type 9-way plugs on each control cable – make sure you
select the RS232 version by checking the label attached to the cable near the plug. The
other is RS485.
Note: Some PCs do not have D-Type 9-way receptacles. In this case, it will be necessary to
get a USB plug (pins) to D-Type 9-way plug (pins) adapter cable. These are easy to get from
computer stores.
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Figure 2-1 Connecting to the NETNode through serial port
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Configuring your NETNode with Node Finder
Step 1: Setup the Serial Connection between NETNode and PC
Connect your NETNode to your computer with the control cable. See Configuring your
NETNode for the very first time earlier in this section.
Step 2: Start Node Finder
1. Double-click the Node Finder icon on the computer desktop.
2. The Node Finder application opens.
3. Click Tools Network Settings (via serial port)…
4. The Select Serial Port dialog opens.
5. Select the Serial port for your NETNode.
6. Click Next> button.
7. The Configure Network dialog opens.
8. Set up the network.
9. Click Apply button.
10. Click Finish button.
Figure 2-2 Using Node Finder
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Working with Talkback
When you have established a mesh network it is possible to attach headsets to NETNodes in
the network. These headsets let you to listen and talk to a different operator on the network
(‘party line’).
Step 1: Rig the Headsets
It will be necessary to have at least two fully configured NETNodes, at least two headsets
and the correct Microphone/Headphone External Cable Assembly
 NETNode-3-Robust – CA0589
 NETNode-3-Plain – CA0588
 NETNode-Mini Plain – CA0588
Here’s an example using the NETNode-3-R (Robust):
1. With the Microphone/headphone cable, connect to the Audio receptacle on the NETNode
marked T/B (NETNode-3-Plain & NETNode-3-Mini Plain) or CTRL/DATA (NETNode-3Robust).
2. Connect the microphone plug of the headset to the inline plug marked IN on the CA0589
cable.
3. Connect the headphone plug of the headset to the inline plug marked OUT on the
CA0589 Cable.
4. Do the same for other NETNodes with headsets.
Figure 2-3 Using Talkback across NETNode-3-Robust RF link
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Serial
Part
Description
First NETNode
Configured to operate with headset.
CA0589 Headset
cable
Amphenol 22-way plug (pins) to
IP Mesh Systems
3.5mm plug 3 Pole (socket) audio in and
3.5mm plug 3 Pole (socket) audio out.
Inline TRS Plug
Marked IN
This is where you connect your headset microphone
plug.
Note: Microphone power is on the audio connectors
at approximately 3V (applicable for Electret
microphones)
Inline TRS Plug
Marked OUT
This is where you connect your headphone plug.
Microphone Plug
Usually pink in colour.
Headphone Plug
Usually green in colour.
Domestic Headset
As used with domestic computer applications like
Skype.
Second NETNode
Configured to operate with headset.
CA0589 Headset
cable
Amphenol 22-way plug (pins) to
3.5mm plug 3 Pole (socket) audio in and
3.5mm plug 3 Pole (socket) audio out.
10
Domestic Headset
As used with domestic computer applications like
Skype. Connect the same as the first NETNode.
Table 2-1 – Using Talkback
Step 2: Configure the NETNode to operate with Talkback
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and log on
2. Navigate to the Configuration tab
3. In the Audio pane, set the Mode drop-down box to Internal
4. Adjust the Microphone Gain, Headphone Gain and Mute level to suit your
environment. The mute level must be set at a high enough level so that only speech (and
not ambient noise) is allowed through.
5. Click the Apply button.
6. Repeat on each NETNode that has a headset attached.
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Figure 2-4 Talkback Configuration
Step 3: Test the Talkback
When you listen on the headset and nobody is talking, you’ll hear a tone each ten seconds
to show that the audio circuit is operating.
Note: This is open talkback. Everyone on the network can hear you at all times. A Push
to Talk switch can be installed with the microphone to stop this.
Step 4: Explore the Remote Setting
You’ll see that in Configuration Audio Mode there is a setting called Remote. If you
are using headsets on each NETNode they will continue to operate as described above.
Internal mode only distributes the talkback audio within the local mesh network.
But, Remote mode allows the onward distribution of this audio on an external IP network
with RTSP protocols.
This enables you to connect a PC to a second NETNode and hear what is being said across
the network with streaming software like VLC and the URL:
rtsp://ip_address_of_unit/audio.sdp
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Figure 2-5 Remote Setting
Serial
Part
Description
First NETNode
Configured to operate with headset with INTERNAL
mode set.
Second NETNode
Configured to operate with headset with REMOTE mode
set.
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Serial
Part
Description
Third NETNode
You can connect your PC to this NETNode with the
Ethernet connection cable and use VLC software to
hear the second NETNode headset which is in
REMOTE mode.
Note: You will not hear the first NETNode as that is
in INTERNAL mode.
Ethernet Cable
 NETNode-3-Robust – CA0406
 NETNode-3-Plain – AP000465 (Optional)
 NETNode-Mini Plain – CA0505
PC
Personal Computer operating VLC software. You can
stream the output of the second NETNode.
Table 2-2 – Talkback Configuration
Step 5: Use VLC to stream from a Remote Enabled NETNode
1. Connect your PC to NETNode three.
2. Double-click the VLC icon on your desktop.
3. VLC media player window opens.
4. Select Media Open Network Stream from the drop-down menu.
5. The Open Media window opens.
6. Type the Network URL like this example: rtsp://192.168.1.2/audio.sdp
7. Click the Play button.
Note: The IP address for VLC is the NETNode that has the headset to which you wish to
listen. It can be necessary to turn the mute level down to zero to stop VLC from stopping
when there is no stream.
Note: You can get VLC free from the internet at: www.videolan.org/vlc/
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Figure 2-6 Streaming Audio with VLC player
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Configuring your NETNode for GPS
If you attach a applicable GPS receiver to a NETNode you can use GPS location data on your
system. It can be very useful to show the location of NETNodes on a digital mapping screen
for example.
The NETNode system uses the NMEA 0183 GPS protocol to send GPS data.
We’ll use the example of operating with a Garmin GPS 17X Receiver.
Step 1: Connect the GPS Receiver to the NETNode
It will be necessary to have a Garmin GPS 17X Receiver, a Garmin cable a fully powered and
configured NETNode, a Data Cable Assembly and a PC with a web browser.
 NETNode-3-Robust – CA0406
 NETNode-3-Plain – CA0474
 NETNode-Mini Plain – CA0474
1. Connect the Data Cable to the receptacle on the NETNode:
 NETNode-3-Robust – Amphenol 19-way receptacle (Sockets) Marked AV/PTZ
 NETNode-3-Plain – LEMO 3-way receptacle (Sockets) Marked AUX
 NETNode-Mini Plain – D-Type 15-way receptacle (Sockets) Marked AUX
2. Connect your GPS 17X cable to the RS485 D-Type 9-way plug (sockets) on your data
cable assembly.
Step 2: Configure NETNode for operation with the Garmin GPS 17X
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and log on.
2. Navigate to the Configuration tab.
3. In the RS485 pane, set: Data Mode to Off, Baud Rate to 4800, Parity to None (the
other settings are unimportant).
4. In the GPS pane set the drop-down box to RS485.
5. Click the Apply button.
6. On phase 3 units it will be necessary to enable external DC power on the Global
Settings > Main panel tab.
7. The Configured Successfully message appears, click OK.
Note: It is necessary for the Garmin cable to be adapted for use with NETNodes.
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Figure 2-7 GPS Configuration
Step 3: Test the Garmin GPS 17X with the NETNode
You have connected and configured your Garmin GPS 17X. Here is how we can test it.
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and log on.
2. Navigate to the Status Maps tab.
3. Make sure the Option Buttons are set to Network.
4. Click the local NETNode with the GPS connected.
5. The GPS data will show.
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Figure 2-8 GPS Data Displayed in the Maps Sub-tab
Step 4: Display the GPS Location on a Map
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and login
2. Navigate to the Status Maps tab
3. Make sure the Option Buttons are set to a map (1,2,3 or 4)
4. Click the local NETNode with the GPS connected
5. Check the Use GPS checkbox
6. The NETNode with the GPS will jump to the correct location on the map.
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Figure 2-9 GPS NETNode located on a map
Note: You must have a map loaded on the GPS and have loaded the coordinates of the
corners of the map. Only then will the GPS show the location of the NETNode.
You can find out how to upload maps and set coordinates in the Advanced Setup
chapter.
2.5
About NETNode IP Functionally
Each NETNode behaves as a Switched Hub. This hub contains two real ports (‘eth0’ and
‘eth1’), a virtual port to each remote NETNode across the radio interface (‘msh0’ – ‘msh15’
(where number=node)), and a local virtual port (‘loc’) for control and local streaming. The
HUB contains additional packet filtering to prevent unnecessary packets from being passed
across the network.
The packet filtering rules are as follows:
 Only packets of type ARP and IP are passed all other packet types are blocked
 Scanning Tree Protocol is forwarded (and a metric added if passed across the radio) if
enabled
 The maximum MTU is 1514 or 1518 for VLAN single tagged packets
 VLAN packets are supported if enabled on a tag by tag basis
 Only packets from the local subnet are passed by default
 Packets for other subnets are allowed if Static Routes are manually entered or Routing
Information Protocol is enabled and received
 Broadcast packets on IP address 255.255.255.255 or within the same subnet are passed
to all ports
 Multicast packets 224.0.0.1 – 224.0.0.255 are passed to all ports
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 Other multicast packets are supported by IGMP control and only forwarded to ports
which are members of that group
 Unicast packets are forwarded only to the correct port
Each NETNode keeps an ARP table. This contains the IP, MAC and additionally a port (real
and virtual) of each unicast IP address on the system for the main subnet. The table is built
up by recording the source addresses for both ARP and IP packets entering the NETNode.
There is a separate list for each VLAN on the system.
When a unicast packet arrives on the local subnet, the destination IP address is searched for
in the table, and the packet sent to this port in the table. If no entry is found then this
results in the unit generating an ARP request (who is ...?). Destination IP addresses which
are not on the local subnet are checked against the static and RIP routes and forwarded to
the correct gateway. If this fails then the default gateway address is used.
NETNodes will also send out gratuitous ARP’s when they join the network. This aids network
cohesion.
NETNodes support to following protocols on the local port (‘loc’):
 ARP (LAN and VLAN)
 ICMP ping (LAN and VLAN)
 IGMP (LAN and VLAN)
 RIP v2 (LAN and VLAN)
 DHCP (LAN and VLAN)
 HTTP control (TCP port 80 and 50080)
 TFTP (for upgrades)
 RTSP/RTP (TCP port 520 for streaming)
 TELNET (RS232 over IP)
In addition NETNodes also include a number of Domo/Cobham proprietary protocols for
control and network discovery. These tend to be UDP over specific port numbers.
2.6
Multicast Packet Processing
IP multicast is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP infrastructure in a
network. It is often used for streaming of services such as audio and video. These can take
up large bandwidths in a network. In order to manage this in the MESH system, each
NETNode functions as a multicast router allowing the flow of packets only when required. IP
multicast is often used for communication between routers/gateways.
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by
hosts and adjacent routers on IP networks to establish multicast group memberships. In
order to perform multicast routing each NETNode acts an IGMP snooper/router.
NETNodes from v4.1 onwards support IGMP (v2) protocol. Separate multicast routing tables
are maintained for the main LAN and for each VLAN in the system.
2.6.1 Detailed Multicast Forwarding rules for NETNodes
To send multicast packets across the MESH a set of rules are applied:
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IP packets with destination address 224.0.0.0 are blocked; these are used internally
within the MESH.
2. IP packets with destination addresses 224.0.0.1 to 224.0.0.255 and 239.255.255.250
(SSDP) are flooded to all nodes and interfaces regardless of being members of the group
or not.
3. All other multicast packets are forwarded only to nodes and interfaces which are
members of the group.
Although non-registered groups should be forwarded to all destinations, this is prevented in
the MESH to control bandwidth.
There are two types of interface as far as IGMP is concerned:
1. Multicast-router interfaces – these interfaces lead towards multicast routers or IGMP
queriers
2. Group-member interfaces – these interfaces lead towards hosts
2.6.2 IGMP Querier
A querier is required on the network to ensure proper functionality of the IGMP protocol. A
querier periodically sends out a IGMP general query which causes each host to send out a
membership report for each of its’ group. This in turn refreshes the multicast routing tables
in the routers. Without this, the table entries would eventually timeout and become void.
There is usually only one querier on the network. This is the multicast router with lowest IP
address, and any routers with higher addresses fall silent.
NETNodes act as multicast routers. By default, a NETNode will become a querier at start up,
and will continue to send queries if it has the lowest IP address of all the NETNodes and
multicast routers.
2.6.3 Connecting a NETNode to a Multicast Router
To let IGMP function correctly between MESH and an external multicast router, the ports
connected between the multicast-router and the NETNode must be set to forward IGMP
membership reports. For the NETNode the Eth1 or Eth2 check boxes must be ticked
(depending on which port the router is connected to), and a similar procedure repeated on
the multicast-router. This will forward IGMP reports for both LAN and all VLANs.
Alternatively, if the external multicast-router management interface is not accessible, and the
multicast router has a lower IP address than all MESH nodes, then it is necessary to start up
a second querier on a NETNode using the IGMP Force Query popup panel. This will cause
the external multicast router to continue to forward IGMP membership reports to the MESH.
A querier can be setup for each VLAN. The presence of a forced querier will automatically
prevent any other (non-forced) queriers starting up on the local (but not on a remote) MESH
network.
Note: To prevent excess network traffic only one forced querier per VLAN should be set
on the MESH network.
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and log on.
2. Navigate to the Global Settings tab.
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3. On the IGMP Configuration Pane you can select IGMP forwarding for each port.
4. You can select a forced IGMP Querier by hitting the IGMP Querier Set button.
5. This will produce a Force IGMP Querier popup box.
6. You can select to place an IGMP Querier on the local LAN and/or any of the VLANs.
7. Click OK.
8. You must hit Apply on the Configuration Pane for the changes to take effect.
Figure 2-10 IGMP Configuration
Protocols such as PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) designed for router to router
interfaces but NETNodes do not process this type of packet.
Forcing a querier on the MESH network can be useful when no external querier is present,
and the user wishes to override the default behaviour of the MESH selecting the NETNode
with the lowest IP address. This may have poor RF connectivity. Instead the user can choose
the NETNode which has good RF connectivity.
Note: NETNode Multicast and RTSP streaming (Multicast and Uniicast) depend on IGMP
functionality.
2.6.4 IGMP Reference Material
For a more detailed understanding of multicasting and IGMP some reference material is
available to read.
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2236 IGMP-v2
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4541 Considerations for IGMP Snooping Switches
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/en_US/junos11.3/topics/concept/igmp-snooping-multicastforwarding.html
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Understanding Streaming Over IP
Streaming is the transmission of digital audio or video or the listening and viewing of such
data without first storing it.
This section is relevant only to customers that have the NETNode-AVI-UP option fitted into
their NETNode unit.
The NETNode supports:
 Raw Multicast streaming
 RTSP/RTP streaming.
2.8
Configuring Multicast Streaming
For multicast streaming the transport stream video data is transmitted over the Ethernet
network by means of multicasting i.e. continuous real-time streaming of packets accessible
to any PC connected to the network.
It is thus possible for more than one connected PC to view the streamed data
simultaneously.
Two types of multicast IP packets are streamed:
 Packets carrying video, audio and data as received by the unit.
 Packets known as Session Announcement Protocol and Sessions Description Protocol
data (SAP and SDP), which contain information regarding the nature and location of the
stream itself.
Step 1: Open the Configuration Tab  Streamer Pane
When you have got a Video or Audio product into the NETNode, you can wish to stream that
information down a fixed IP link. The Configuration Streamer pane enables you to
configure this facility easily.
In Cobham systems we have the ability to carry streams using multicast protocols and these
streams can come from external or internal sources. This is controlled by the Source Mask.
To make sure we don’t overload the bandwidth we wish to be able to choose which nodes
get to receive the stream. This is controlled by the Destination Mask.
Step 2: Setup the Service Name
Textual information naming the multicast stream as delivered in the SAP/SDP packets from
the unit. The default setting is Mesh Streaming
Step 3: Stream Enable
This function enables the streaming of Video that originates from the internal encoder (if it is
fitted). This must be set to On for UDP multicast, RTSP multicast streaming or RTSP unicast
streaming.
Step 5: Check the Multicast Address
This text box enables you to change the multicast address used by the unit. Different
NETNodes (even if they are on separate MESHs) should have different multicast addresses to
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make sure that IGMP packets only open up the stream from that source. This is a change
from previous versions of software.
Note: Having two NETNodes set to the same multicast address will cause both to stream
(even if RTSP modes are selected) which is wasteful of bandwidth.
Step 6: Check the SAP Address
This text box enables you to change the value of SAP/ SDP multicast address used by the
unit.
The default value is 224.2.127.254 and the port used is 9875.
These are standard multicast values for such parameters, and it is recommended they are
not changed unless specifically required due to routing restrictions.
Step 7: Check the Port
A good rule is to use numbers above 10,000 to avoid conflict with existing services.
When you set up a port number on several computers on a network they will all listen for
packets directed to that port.
Step 8: Configure the Service Name
This text box lets you name the multicast stream as delivered in the SAP/SDP packets from
the unit. Default is MPEG Stream.
2.9
About RTSP Streaming
Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) allows automatic control of the routing through the
mesh system. To use this feature the streaming protocol box must be set to the same RSTP
multicast or Unicast modes for all nodes in the system (this will happen if the Update all
nodes checkbox is checked).
The streaming protocol is selected on the Global Settings tab – see Chapter 10-5 Working
with the Global Settings Tab for details.
To access a stream on an AVI unit the URL is as follows:
rtsp:///stream.sdp
This will automatically set the internal destination masks of the AVI node and the endpoint
node (the node where the data emerges from the Ethernet) to the correct values. The
destination values displayed in the destination mask on the Configuration Tab no longer have
any effect in this mode of operation.
If necessary the endpoint node will convert the multicast RTP packets to unicast (and remap
the port numbers) if the Software player does not support multicast streaming. Unicast can
also be forced by setting the mode to RTSP Unicast. The Mesh always uses multicast packets
internally as this is more bandwidth efficient when reaching multiple destinations.
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Note: the player must be able to support transport stream packets (MP2T – suitable players
include VLC media player). Ports on different AVI NETNodes should be set to different
unique values (use even addresses for RTSP/RTP).
The source mask, internal multicast address, service name and port number are still used in
this mode.
It is possible to stream just the video elementary stream rather than the complete transport
stream. This is performed by:
rtsp:///video1.sdp
This can be useful for players which don’t accept MP2T streams.
2.10 Working with Stream Recording and Playback
The NETNode Robust allows recording of the video from the AVI unit onto a micro SD card.
Files are recorded in 30 second lengths called chunks, and are stored in a compressed
transport stream format. They can subsequently be downloaded through the web browser
from the file system, or alternatively the card can be inserted into an external computer.
Files are stored in FAT16 format and thus are easily read. The date and time is always stored
in UTC format regardless of the time-zone setting.
Step 1: Insert an SD Card
To use this facility first put a 2GB micro SD card into the slot on the NETNode.
This will cause the green LED on the SD card slot to come on. The card must only be
removed when the LED is green to prevent corruption of the data on the card.
Step 2: Format the SD Card
The SD card must be formatted in FAT16 format. If not, the flash can be formatted using
Global setting Format file system button.
Step 3: Observe the File Length
This is the maximum number of files stored on the card and the oldest will be removed first.
This must be set so that the number of files does not become bigger than the capacity of the
SD card.
Step 4: Start Recording
To set the recording mode make sure the AVI unit’s video encoder is set up correctly (See
Chapter 8 Section 8 Working with the Encoder Tab) and the video feed connected from the
camera.
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and login.
2. Make sure the Encoder tab has been set up correctly.
3. Navigate to the Configuration tab.
4. In the Recording pane, select the Record checkbox.
5. Click the Apply button to accept the changes.
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Figure 2-11 Setting up recording
The data is recorded onto the SD card in 30 second chunks. Thus the dimension of each
chunk is the encoded bit-rate (in bits/s) * 30 / 8. Set the maximum number of chunks to be
less than the capacity of the card over the chunk size, to prevent the data from exceeding
SD card capacity.
Step 5: Check Recording is Taking Place
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and login.
2. Navigate to the Information tab.
3. Click File System.
4. The File System window opens.
5. Click Flash Card.
6. The Directory window opens.
7. Click Stream.
8. The file window opens with all your recordings.
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Figure 2-12 Recorded video file system
Each file is one chunk representing 30 seconds of data. When the number of chunks is
reached, the oldest file is deleted and recording continues providing the SD capacity is not
exceeded.
For example to set a continuous recording of the last five minutes of encoded video you
would set the number of chunks to 10 and this would continuously record and overwrite the
last five minutes of video.
With a 1Mb/s video stream and a 2GB SD card a user can record just over four hours of
video data.
1Mb/s is equivalent to 125kBytes/second of data. A 2GByte SD card can store 16,000
seconds of video before it hits capacity or 533 30 second chunks.
To keep a safe margin a 500 chunk limit must be used giving just over four hours of
recording if recording a 1Mb/s video stream.
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Step 6: Playing back the Recorded Data
The recorded data can be viewed directly with a player such as VLC media player:
1. Connect your PC to NETNode with the SD card installed.
2. Double-click the VLC icon on your desktop.
3. VLC media player window opens.
4. Select Media Open Network Stream from the drop-down menu.
5. The Open Media window opens.
6. Type the Network URL like this example: rtsp://192.168.1.2/record.sdp.
7. Click the Play button.
8. VLC media player window opens with your playback.
Figure 2-13 Setting up VLC player
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In this mode of operation the slider bar on VLC can be moved to navigate to different parts
of the recording.
Note: Playback will always start on the next 30 second chunk. The Network Time Protocol
(NTP) timestamps in the data contain the time the recording was transferred to SD card.
Step 7: Transferring the Files
Individual recorded files can be transferred to the PC using the Web interface to download
the files. To do this operation, simply right click on the file.
The SD card can also be removed and inserted into a card slot on the PC to read the files.
The SD card format is FAT16 with the date stored in UTC format.
2.11 Video Flow Control
Video flow control allows the video bitrate to be varied depending on the MESH bandwidth
available. This prevents corruption of the video when MESH bandwidth drops, and allows the
picture quality to adapt accordingly.
The VFC operates by monitoring the latency from the video encoder to the MESH endpoint or
endpoints (this is where the video emerges from the MESH network). At the endpoint a
special acknowledgement packet (RACK) is sent back to the source. The system tries to
maintain the round trip to the target latency.
Video flow control requires the internal encoder to be upgraded to version 1.4 or greater.
See the H264 encoder upgrade instructions to see how to do this.
To setup the video flow control, first check that the streaming protocol on the global settings
plane is set to RTSP unicast or multicast. On the configuration plane set the video bitrate on
the encoder tab to the lower of maximum value that the link will support, and what is
required to give the required picture quality. This value will not be exceeded. Setting this
value too high will degrade performance.
At this time, go to the streamer plane, and enable Video Flow Control. It can be necessary to
adjust the Target Latency depending on the network. Too low a value will drop the actual
bitrate, too high a value will increase latency and cause overflow in the internal FIFOs, which
will corrupt the video. The value must be chosen so it is just big enough to give full capacity.
In most cases the default value of 80ms will operate well. It is possible to reduce the value a
little to give spare capacity for other services.
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It is possible to see how much capacity is in use on the Status > Overview page by
clicking show details and looking at the Video Flow Rate. This is a percentage of the
maximum video bitrate (in this example, about 85%).
The encoder does not change transport stream rate, but video bitrate. This affects the
number of null packets in the stream. The NetNode compresses the transport stream packets
by removing the null and replacing with a marker byte before being sent across the radio
interface. This is reinserted by the NetNode the far end. Although the transport stream rate
does not change, the quantity of data send across the air interface does. The rate can vary
between 25% and 100% of the encoder specified bit rate.
Note: The H264 encoder will switch into low delay mode when VFC is enabled.
Note: VFC will also affect the recording quality on the SD card.
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2.12 Working with VLAN
A Virtual LAN (VLAN) enables a number of networks to share the same physical resources
such as routers and cabling while remaining fully independent of each other.
The use of VLAN makes it possible to have completely separate networks running over a
common NETNode mesh system without sharing data between the networks.
VLANs are created to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers in
LAN configurations. VLAN addresses issues such as scalability, security, and network
management.
Routers in VLAN topologies provide broadcast filtering, security, address summarization, and
traffic flow management. By definition, switches may not bridge IP traffic between VLANs as
it would violate the integrity of the VLAN broadcast domain.
Step 1: Configure the NETNode to operate with VLAN
By default the standard mesh network does not allow passage of VLAN packets. To let VLAN
packets through the system each NETNode must be programmed with:
 The VLAN tag
 A correct IP address
 Subnet mask
 Gateway
Version 4.0 software onwards supports DHCP auto-configuration of each VLAN.
The VLAN tag is a number between 1- 4095 and is unique to each VLAN in the system. It
identifies each VLAN.
The setting of the IP address and subnet mask allows additional filtering of the IP packets as
they enter the NETNode. Setting the gateway address allows packets not on the local subnet
to be forward to this address. It also allows the generation of ARP and ICMP reply packets
which aids internal switching and testing of the VLAN network.
The NETNode mesh network supports up to eight separate VLANS. Each VLAN is maintained
by a separate ARP table within each NETNode.
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and log on.
2. Navigate to the Configuration tab.
3. In the VLAN pane, select a VLAN sub-tab.
4. Set the Tag, IP Address, Sub Mask and Gateway (if applicable) for each VLAN.
5. Alternatively, set DHCP Enable if there is a DHCP server operating on this VLAN, and
auto-configuration of the IP address is required.
6. Click Apply button.
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Figure 2-14 VLAN Configuration
In the example above the NETNode is set up to support a VOIP (Voice over IP) system
operating using a VLAN through the mesh system. The IP Address supports ICMP ping and
can be used for debugging.
Optional Step 2: Configure VLAN Tagging and Stripping on Ethernet
Ports
The NETNode allows VLAN tagging and stripping on the two external Ethernet ports.
Note: Changing the Mode of the Ethernet port which you are currently using to control a
NETNode will cause loss of control of the unit. The user may only be able to regain control
using the other Ethernet port or the RS232 interface.
1. Connect your PC to the NETNode and login.
2. Navigate to the Global Settings tab.
3. In the Ethernet Ports pane, set Eth2 Mode to LAN<->VLAN.
4. Set Eth2 Priority to 4.
5. Set Eth2 Tag to 1531.
6. Click Apply button.
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Figure 2-15 VLAN Tagging and Stripping
In the example above Ethernet Port 1 is acting as a typical Ethernet port enabling you to
web browse as normal into the radio and send data across the radio network on the same IP
address range as the radio IP addresses.
Ethernet Port 2 is configured to support a VLAN with a Tag of 1531.
2.12.1 About the VLAN Tagging
VLAN tagging adds the VLAN tag as the packet enters the NETNode port and removes it
again when a VLAN packet of the correct tag exits. Only VLAN packets with the correct tag
will exit the port.
This is selected by Global Settings Ethn Mode LAN<->VLAN.
The tag number and priority must also be specified.
2.12.2 Using VLAN Tagging
Suppose the system administrator wishes a camera to be connected to each NETNode, but
each on a separate network so that individual users cannot snoop onto other cameras, or
change the configuration of the Mesh system.
Connecting the camera to each NETNode and setting the Ethernet port using different VLAN
tags for each NETNode would enable this.
The endpoint node could pass the VLAN tags unaltered by setting:
Global Settings Ethn Mode Transparent, and programming all eight VLAN
addresses and tags in this node.
The endpoint node could then be connected to an external intelligent router which puts out
the separate LAN networks out on separate ports. In this example the endpoint would
typically be at the HQ building.
2.12.3 About VLAN Stripping
VLAN stripping removes the VLAN tag as the packet enters the port and adds it again when
the packet exits. This is selected by:
Global Settings Ethn Mode VLAN<->LAN.
The tag number and priority must also be specified.
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Note: Stripping will block non VLAN traffic on that port. Priority is required but currently is
not implemented in the mesh system.
2.12.4 Using VLAN Stripping
VLAN stripping allows a NETNode to pass its data over an IP backbone without interference
to other traffic on the network. It also has the potential to let multiple NETNodes on the
same mesh network to connect to the same IP infrastructure.
CAUTION: Changing the Mode of an Ethernet port to VLAN can cause temporary collapse to
the IP network the NETNode is connected to, if done incorrectly. A good understanding of
the network topology is required before implementing VLAN on a mesh system.
Note: Some units may have Ethernet port numbers reversed. Check which port is connected
by looking at the Ethn Link Status. If control of unit is lost, connect to other port and wait
30 seconds or repower unit.
2.12.5 LAN traffic only
This is selected by Global Settings Ethn Mode LAN traffic only.
This allows LAN traffic (and the management interface) through, and blocks any VLAN traffic
from the port. This mode is useful for isolation.
2.12.6 VLAN traffic only
This is selected by Global Settings Ethn Mode VLAN traffic only.
This allows all VLAN traffic through, and blocks any LAN traffic from the port. No tags are
added or removed. This mode is useful for isolation.
2.12.7 Tagged VLAN only
This is selected by Global Settings Ethn Mode Tagged VLAN only.
This allows VLAN traffic with the tag set by the Ethn through, and blocks any other traffic
(LAN and VLAN) from that port. No tags are added or removed. This mode is useful for
isolation.
2.12.8 About Disable Mode
This disables the external port and is useful for security.
2.13 Port Blocking (V5.4 onwards)
To prevent IP loops forming in the Mesh network, each NETNode performs a port blocking
function. Every 2 seconds a broadcast port probe packet (UDP port 29837) is sent out from
each physical port. Each Ethernet interface uses a separate MAC address which is different
to the units’ main MAC address so as not to confuse switched hubs or routers. The UDP
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packet contains a list of serial numbers of the nodes which are linked across the radio
network.
If a NETNode detects this packet arriving at a physical port with the same serial number as
itself then the port is blocked unless this is the lowest IP address (if the interlink IP address
is set), then lowest serial number and then the lowest port number in the system. The port
will remain blocked for an additional 30s after the condition is removed. Port probe packets
continue to be sent while the port is blocked.
This prevents IP loops forming by shutting off the physical port of the NETNode to and from
the units’ main MAC address and VLAN addresses. This may be used to an advantage – for
example multiple NETNodes or a single NETNode (using both ports) can be connected to the
same IP backbone providing redundancy if unit or one connection fails.
Note: Port blocking is only effective over a single MESH network. For multiple networks
which contain a loop, routers with Spanning Tree Protocol may be used.
2.13.1 MAC Address Blocking
NETNodes also provide a secondary method of blocking loops.
If a packet which has the same source MAC address arrives via multiple ports (including the
radio interface), then any packet with this source MAC address is blocked for 5s and until the
condition is cleared.
2.14 Interlink Mode
Usually, IP networks do not allow multiple routes from an IP source to an IP destination
address. This precludes multiple nodes to be connected to the same IP backbone network.
For example in a city it is often advantageous to have multiple high points on the same mesh
all connected to the same IP backbone. In this example connection of two NETNodes onto
the same IP backbone would cause a loop to be created in the network.
In practice each NETNode identifies this network loop occurrence (same MAC address
appearing on multiple ports) and blacklists the entry for 30 seconds, to prevent this
happening.
But, it can be extremely useful to be able to connect multiple NETNodes to the same
backbone. For example, a city Mesh system may have two nodes on two different buildings.
In this example it may be that a mobile node is only served by the one of the two nodes (for
example Mesh #1 in the diagram below), and if this not the node connected to the backbone
then IP forwarding over the radio link would have to take place. This reduces the overall
network capacity; as the hop means information has to be sent twice over the radio network.
Step 1: Understanding Interlink Operation
Interlink mode replaces the radio links between the mesh nodes on the backbone with an IP
tunnelling protocol over the IP backbone. To make this IP tunnelling possible one of the
NETNodes acts as a master allowing both tunnelling data and the main IP data through the
Ethernet interfaces while the other nodes act only as slaves just allowing IP tunnelling data
to and from that node.
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To isolate the IP layers each NETNode contains a second IP address (and MAC address)
which is used for the tunnelling. This IP address only supports ARP, ICMP (ping) and the
UDP tunnelling packets.
When this Interlink mode is activated, each node also sends out a broadcast packet on the
second IP interface which advertises it’s presence on the IP backbone. This allows each node
to know what other nodes are connected to the backbone, and thus whether the interlink
data can be sent across the IP network. The nodes also check that there is one and only one
master on the network and correct this if necessary. This is useful if, for example, the master
is lost from the network.
Figure 2-16 Interlink RF operation
Step 2: Configure the NETNode to operate with Interlink Mode
If there are multiple mesh networks on different frequencies anywhere on the same network
they must have different Mesh IDs before starting. This can be checked with Node finder.
To enable the interlink mode, select the interlink mode tab and provide an IP address for
each active port connected to the IP backbone. The IP address must be on the same subnet
as the NetNode. Both ports can be used (for redundancy) but in this case, both ports must
have different IP addresses and share the same NETNodes on the backbone. (That is, a unit
cannot act as a switched hub for the tunnelling data).
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2.14.1 Interlink Mode across a VLAN Network (v3.6 onwards)
It is possible to send the interlink data across a separate network. To configure this mode, a
Tunnel VLAN tag and priority must be set to a nonzero value. The Tunnel IP address and
Tunnel Network mask must be set appropriately. This causes a VLAN tag to be added to the
tunnel IP data.
Figure 2-17 Tunnelling settings
The VLAN tag may be removed by an external router, or the NETNode may be configured so
that one Ethernet port has VLAN tagging enabled with the same tag (and priority) as the
tunnel tag. This can then be directly connected to the tunnelling network.
Interlink mode uses UDP ports 29836 (Unicast) and 29837 (network broadcast), which it can
be necessary to unblock on some firewalls.
Note: All separate Mesh networks connected to the IP network (no matter where) must
have different Mesh IDs. Failure to do this will result in loss of functionality.
Note: The Interlink NETNodes must always be linked via the radio interface, as well as the
IP backbone to operate correctly. This ensures the system remains as a single Mesh
Network.
2.15 Adding Static Routes
V5.0 onwards of the software lets the user add static routes for subnets which are not part
of the MESH subnet. Static routes are supported for both LAN and VLAN. Any packet which
matches the subnet specified will be forwarded to that gateway rather than the default
gateway.
To add a static route to the system, browse to the node which is physically connected to the
router for that gateway/subnet. On the configuration -> static routes page select one of the
four entries which is not in use (i.e. Network = 0.0.0.0). Add in the network, subnet mask
and the gateway (which must be on the local subnet). Optionally add the VLAN tag or 0 if on
the main LAN.
Each node distributes its’ own static routes round to all nodes within the MESH network. The
diagram below illustrates a particular example of this:
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Note: If a static route is added to a VLAN then a VLAN entry must also exist for that tag.
Note: Do not add the same static route to different nodes in the system. Because all static
routes are distributed within the MESH network this will cause much confusion.
Note: It is best to add the static route to the node physically connected to that
gateway/subnet, i.e. not across the radio link. As well as minimising confusion, this ensures
that if the node goes down it only affects its’ own static routes.
Up to four static routes can be added per node.
2.16 Routing Information Protocol
V5.0 of the software now supports snooping of RIP v2 packets to allow the automatic
identification of gateways to different subnets. To enable this feature the RIP v2 enable
checkbox must be selected in Global Settings > IGMP/RIP Snooping dialog box.
Figure 2-18 Routing Information Protocol
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NETNodes can also send out an initial RIP v2 general query packet to aid starting up of the
network.
Note: NETNodes do not currently snoop on OSPF packets.
2.17 Spanning Tree Protocol
V5.0 of the software now allows STP/RSTP packets to pass through the system. This allows
external routers to check for IP loops in the network.
Figure 2-19 Spanning Tree Protocol
A packet entering a port of the MESH network is forwarded on to all other ports on the
MESH in the same way as a broadcast packet. A fixed value of 5000000 is added to the
current route path cost for STP/RSTP packets which go across the radio interface. This
allows a router to favour non MESH radio routes when a direct Ethernet path is available.
CAUTION: It is recommended to disable STP in interlink mode. During a master-slave
switch it is possible for an STP packet originating from a particular router port to be sent
back to the same port. This may cause the port to shut down.
2.18 Roaming
Roaming allows a NETNode to move between one MESH network and another. This is very
useful, for example, in city networks where there can be a large number of nodes or
sufficient bandwidth to support the use of multiple frequencies. Another example might be
an airborne environment where an aircraft may be required to join different city MESH’s
located across the country.
Each separate MESH Network is called a ‘zone’. A zone can consist of a single NetNode base
station or a large existing MESH network with multiple connected high point ‘base-station’
nodes.
Roaming currently supports four modes of operation: ‘Off’, ‘Round Robin’, ‘GPS Location’ and
‘External/Manual’. Round Robin hops sequentially between networks; while GPS location uses
a simple path loss model to pick the best network to join. There are advantages and
disadvantages in each method. The External/Manual mode allows control of the zones
through a remote command or by the manual zone button. This allows applications such as
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Mission Commander (which can contain topographic data) to select the zone the unit
operates in. The manual zone button is useful for testing the zone functions correctly.
Each zone uses a base configuration. This is the configuration stored in the Configuration tab
panel. The base configuration is then overlaid and overwritten with the local parameters
from the Zone tab such as frequency, mesh ID etc. If the Overwrite IP Address box is
selected then DHCP Enable, IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway on the Global Setting
> main tab will also be overwritten with the local values from the Zone tab. The Zone
Name is not used but is useful for identification.
Using the same configuration for multiple zones allows, for example, the scrambling keys
and VLAN addresses to be reused.
Setting the base configuration to off disables the zone.
Note: When roaming is enabled, some of the parameters on the global settings and
configuration panels will be overwritten with the zone information. The update all nodes
checkbox will also be cleared.
The active zone box together with the green highlighted roaming zone indicates which zone
is currently active.
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2.18.1 Round Robin Mode
Round Robin mode simply looks for 10s at each active zone at a time and if a signal is found
joins that Network. If no signal is found or the current signal is lost then Round Robin moves
onto the next zone. Obviously with large numbers of zones this becomes very slow. The
other disadvantage with this mode of operation is that the NETNode will not leave the
network until the signal is lost even when alternate Networks may be available at higher
signal strengths. But it is simpler to configure than GPS location mode.
2.18.2 GPS Location Mode
For GPS Roaming, each zone contains a list of primary antenna (fixed) sites. For each site
the GPS location, height, and the antenna parameters are entered into the antenna base
sites panel.
For this mode to operate a GPS receiver must be connected to the roaming NETNode. Please
see section 2.4 on how to perform this task. The presence of a working GPS is indicated by
the 3D fix in the GPS Fix status box.
For each zone a path loss is calculated between the Roaming NETNode and each of the
individual sites. A number of path loss models are supported – the urban mode increases the
path loss at a quicker rate than the free space model and takes into amount antenna heights
(Egli’s model). The semi-urban model is a halfway house between the urban and free space
models. The loss also includes an over the horizon model (the aircraft applications). The
lowest loss from all sites and zones is calculated and then compared with the lowest loss of
all sites on the current zone. The NETNode will switch to the new zone if difference exceeds
a small threshold to allow for some hysteresis.
Up to five sites are supported per zone. For more than five fixed sites it is suggested
entering the principle sites around the periphery of the area. Latitude and Longitude data
can be readily acquired from the WEB using tools such as Google maps. The beam width box
allows for sector antennas to be specified. Setting the beam width to 360 assures an Omni
antenna. Setting the beam width to zero indicates that site is not in use.
GPS location may not work well in cluttered environments where the path loss and actual
signal strength do not correlate well. It is very suited to airborne applications.
Note: The GPS panel and data rate must be set correctly for all configurations which
roaming is used. If this is not done then the GPS will become disabled when the unit
changes configuration.
2.18.3 Downloading and Uploading Zone Data
Zone data may be downloaded and uploaded in to different units. To download the zone
data, on the browser manually type in the URL: http://ip_address_of_unit/roaming.json. The
resulting file can be saved to disk. This file is in JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation
format and can be easily edited in a text editor if required. The file can be uploaded back
into any unit by clicking the Roaming Upload Button, and entering the file name in the dialog
box.
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3. Advanced Setup
3.1
About Advanced Setup
To get the most from your radio system you must customise the programming for your
operations and area.
CAUTION: Before you start programming your radio make sure the batteries are new and
fully charged. If not, you could operate an AC adapter to power your radio.
If the radio loses power while you program it, its memory might be corrupted and it will be
necessary to reset defaults. All information programmed in the radio might be lost.
The Control Application or Control Pages let you control the communications system, to
keep it operating in a correct and stable mode. It lets you to change many of the settings of
the unit like frequency or bandwidth.
The control system can be a Control Application that operates on your PC connected to
the device with Serial communications.
If not, it can be Control Pages that are viewed on your PC browser when connected to the
device with IP communications.
3.2
Connecting your PC to your Radio
The NETNode uses Control Pages accessed from your web browser which enables you to
do many configuration tasks quickly and easily.
This section tells you how to connect your PC to the NETNode and then configure the unit
with the control pages.
Step 1: Install the Control Application
You install a browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox or Chrome for example) onto your Personal
Computer (PC).
At this time you can start the browser and connect to the Control Pages and start configuring
your NETNode.
Step 2: Make an IP Connection between Radio and PC
It will be necessary to have a fully powered NETNode, the correct Ethernet cable for your
variant and a personal computer operating a web browser. The Ethernet cables are:
 NETNode-3-Robust – CA0403 or CA0406
 NETNode-3-Plain – AP000465 (Standard RJ45-RJ45 Ethernet cable – Available
separately)
 NETNode-Mini Plain – CA0505
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1. Connect the Ethernet cable to the NETNode Ethernet receptacle.
2. Connect the RJ45 8-way plug (pins) to the RJ45 8-way receptacle (sockets) on your
Personal Computer.
Figure 3-1 NETNode IP Connections
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Step 3: Start the Control Pages
1. Power up the NETNode.
2. Click Start  Internet on the PC.
3. Your browser window will open.
4. Type the IP address of the NETNode you wish to configure like this example:
http://192.168.0.1/
5. Click the Refresh button.
6. The web browser opens the Status Overview page of the NETNode.
Figure 3-2 Starting the Control Session
Step 4: Log on to the Control Pages
7. The Authentication Required dialog opens
8. By default, the User Name is not required
9. By default the password is meshweb.
10. Click Log In button.
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Figure 3-3 Logging In
Step 5: Look at the Primary Window
Each Windows based application must have a Primary window as its entry point. For the
NETNode this is the Web Browser showing the first of the Control Pages.
Figure 3-4 NETNode Status/Overview Control Page
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No.
Property / Description
Status tab. Divided into Overview, Spectra and Maps sub-tabs. This displays
detailed status information of received signal quality, battery and mapping
information.
Global Settings tab. Divided into Main, Ethernet Ports and Interlink Mode
panes.
You’ll find the Set Clock, Format File system, Restore Defaults and Password
buttons here too.
Configuration tab. Divided into Transmitter, Recording, Audio, Mesh,
Streamer, RS232, GPS, Scrambling and VLAN panes. The Configuration tab
contains the list of 8 presets. For each preset the user can specify
demodulation parameters, decoding modes, and descrambling configuration.
Information tab. Contains information including software versions and unit
specific data. You’ll need this information during a support call for example.
Sub-Tabs. Simply enables you to break down information from a tab.
SNR Pane. The tabs and sub-tabs are broken down into panes of information.
This particular one is all about Signal to Noise ratios for example.
Table 3-1 – The Primary Window
3.3
Configuring the Basic Settings
You will wish to configure a device to start to explore what you can do with a mesh network.
Step 1: Configure the Big Seven
It will be necessary to have some powered NETNodes for which you know the IP address
and a PC with a web browser.
There are only seven things you have to configure on each NETNode to make them form a
mesh network.
1. Connect you PC to the first NETNode and with your browser, log on to the control
pages.
2. Select Global Settings tab.
3. Set the Operating Mode on all units to the same type. For best performance set 16Node, Hi-Rate. Others modes give compatibly with earlier software versions.
4. Click Apply.
Note: If you select 16-Node, Hi-Rate as your operating mode, you can only select
between 1 to 63 for your Mesh ID.
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Figure 3-5 Configuring the Big Seven – Global Settings Tab
5. Navigate to the Configuration Settings tab.
Figure 3-6 Configuring the Big Seven- Configuration Tab
At this time there are six more basic setup fields that let you quickly setup the unit without
getting into details. (We’ll discuss those later).
There are basic things to setup:
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No.
Basic Setting
What you can do...
Enable
Select this checkbox to switch the transmitter on.
Frequency
Type in the frequency you wish to use for your mesh. This
must be the same on all units.
Channel Bandwidth
Select the bandwidth you wish to use for your mesh from
the drop-down list. This must be the same on all units.
Mesh ID
Type in a mesh ID you wish use for your mesh. This must
be the same on all units in the mesh network. The mesh ID
tells the unit which mesh it belongs to. All NETNodes on
Mesh ID 60 for example will communicate with each other.
1 to 255 (8 and 12 Node systems)
1 to 63 (16 Node, Hi-Rate)
Note: If you select 16-Node, Hi-Rate as your operating
mode, you can only select between 1 to 63 for your Mesh
ID.
10
Node ID
Type in a Node ID for each node in the mesh. The node ID
must be unique and can only be 0 to 11 for a twelve node
mesh system.
Note: A node can automatically reassign its Node ID at
power up if it finds a conflict with an existing node.
11
IP Forward
Select this checkbox to switch IP forwarding on.
Table 3-2 – Quick Setup
Note: Remember to click the Apply button. This is important to saving all your settings.
That’s it! Do the same procedure on each NETNode that you require in your mesh network.
When you power these configured NETNodes they will make a mesh network ready for you
to use.
All the other fields in the control pages are simply tools for you to use with your working
network.
CAUTION: If you select to use encryption, the encryption type and keys must align.
3.4
Working with the Status /Overview Sub-Tab
This displays detailed status information of received signal quality and enables navigation
between nodes.
The Status tab is divided into three sub-tabs:
 Overview
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 Spectra
 Maps
Step 1: Open the Overview Sub-Tab
1. Click Status  Overview.
2. The Status tab opens focussed on the Overview sub-tab.
Figure 3-7 The Status / Overview Tab
Step 2: Interpret the Basic Details
No
Property
Range
Description
Node ID
0 to 7 or
We are showing two NETNodes with
Node IDs of 1 and 2. There could be up
to sixteen NETNodes in a mesh with
Node IDs numbered 0 to 15.
0 to 11 or
0 to 15 depending on
operating mode.
The Node ID can be shown in different
colours when a NETNode experiences
traffic congestion.
Unit Name
You can use up to 12
alphanumeric
characters for the Unit
name.
The unit name is a friendly name to make
it easier for you to know which NETNode
we are talking about. This name is
assigned in the Global Settings Tab.
IP Address
192.168.9.99 for
example.
This shows the IP address of the unit
that we set up in our initial configuration.
Notice that it is shown as a hyperlink. If
you click on one of these hyperlinks the
browser will switch to that NETNode.
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No
Property
Range
Description
Battery
Voltage
11 to 16V.
This returns the battery voltage of the
NETNode. Not exciting when we are on
mains in the lab but important when you
are looking at a node located on a high
building some miles away which is
operating on batteries.
FPGA
Temperature in Degrees
Temperature Celsius (phase 3 units
only).
This is the internal temperature of the
FPGA. The box will become yellow or
red if the unit is too hot. The unit must
be allowed to cool and placed in better
airflow if the temperature reaches the red
zone.
CAUTION: Operating the unit at high
temperatures will lower the life of the
internal components and the RF PA.
Occupancy
Blue and Orange bars.
The blue bar gives a visual indication of
the volume of data generated by this
NETNode. An orange bar gives a visual
indication of the volume of data being
forwarded by the NETNode from other
Nodes.
Node TX
Retries
Number of Node retries
each 2 seconds.
This must be zero (‘-‘) with occasional
ones. Higher values will have an
unwanted effect the throughput of the
system. If problems occur check for
interference and that there is no other
MESH system operating on the same or
adjacent frequency.
Table 3-3 – Basic Details
Step 3: Select the Show Details Checkbox
If you select this box you’ll see a lot of data about TX IP Packets etc. This can give you
important information about the operating of the network.
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Figure 3-8 The Status / Overview Tab showing Details
Step 4: Interpret the Signal Quality Pane (1)
This gives you a simple picture of the signal quality around the mesh system. Ideally, we’d
like to see stable green boxes for all links. Naturally, mobile units will go out of range or
interference will cause a unit to degrade for a while. The good thing is the mesh will find a
new routing and heal itself when it can, keeping your network on air.
The column position corresponds to the transmit node, and the row position to the receive
node.
What the colours mean:
Colour
Means...
Green
Reliable path for 16QAM modulation.
Yellow
Reliable path for QPSK modulation.
Red
Unreliable path. Avoid passing data across this path.
White
No Link.
Table 3-4 – Signal Quality Display (8 and 12-Node operating mode)
Colour
Means...
Green
Reliable path for 16QAM 2/3 rate modulation.
Lime
Reliable path for 16QAM 1/2 rate modulation.
Yellow
Reliable path for QPSK 2/3 modulation.
Orange
Reliable path for QPSK 1/2 modulation.
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Colour
Means...
Red
Unreliable path. Avoid passing data across this path.
BPSK 2/3 modulation only.
White
No Link.
Table 3-5 – Signal Quality Display (16-Node Hi-Rate operating mode)
Step 5: Read the SNR Pane (2)
This pane shows the Signal to Noise Ratios for each of the NETNodes.
The columns correspond to the transmit node and the rows to the receive node.
Step 6: Read the Level A Pane (3)
This pane shows the dBm value for antenna A on the NETNode unit. There are equivalent
panes for antennas B, C and D.
The columns correspond to the transmit node and the rows to the receive node.
The diagonal entries show interference levels. These can be shown in a yellow or red colour
if interference is bad. It can be necessary to install inline filters on the antennas in some
situations. Please speak to Cobham for more details.
Non diagonal entries can be heighted yellow when the signal level reaching that input is
significantly lower than then other inputs. A full row of highlighted entries can show a faulty
antenna or cable, and is worth investigating.
Step 7: Read the IP Rx Errs Pane (4)
This pane shows the number of IP receive errors for each NETNode.
3.5
Working with the Status /Spectra Sub-Tab
Step 1: Open the Spectra Sub-Tab
1. Click Status  Spectra.
2. The Status tab opens focussed on the Spectra sub-tab.
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Figure 3-9 The Status / Spectra Tab
Step 2: Interpret the Spectra Displays
There are up to four displays labelled A, B, (C & D for quad unit) which shows the spectra
being received on the two (or four) diversity antennas of the NETNode you are attached to.
But, there could be several NETNodes transmitting on the mesh thus it is necessary to
define which unit we are looking at.
This is done with the option buttons on the left side of the spectra display. In our example,
the option button for Mast is selected. This means the two displays are showing spectra for
that NETNode’s transmissions as received on our node’s two antennas.
Step 3: Interpret the Interference Display
The last option button is called Interference. When you select this, the displays show the
spectra when none of the NETNodes in the mesh are transmitting. This enables us to look
for interference on the frequency we are planning to use for our mesh.
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Figure 3-10 The Status / Spectra Tab, Interference Display
3.6
Working with the Status / Maps Sub-Tab
Step 1: Open the Maps Sub-Tab
1. Click Status  Maps.
2. The Status tab opens focussed on the Maps sub-tab.
Figure 3-11 The Status/Maps Tab, Network Map Display
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Step 2: Set the Option Button (1)
The option buttons let you select between Network and one of four map displays for the
mesh. Select Network at this time.
Note: When you are in Network mode the Upload, Set Coordinates and Reset Locations
buttons are greyed out.
Step 3: Read the Node Information (2)
Looking at the option buttons you’ll see some node information about the NETNode you are
currently attached to. We talked about this information in the Overview Pane above.
Step 4: Read the GPS Information (3)
If the NETNode we select has a GPS receiver
connected and the Use GPS checkbox is selected,
the NETNode can broadcast accurate information
about its location to other nodes or fixed assets on
the mesh.
Step 5: Select the Show Details Checkbox (4)
When the Show Details checkbox is selected the node information shown above is
expanded to show things like TX IP Packets which are useful when diagnosing network
problems.
Step 6: Select the Show Names Checkbox (5)
When the Show Names checkbox is selected the friendly names for the nodes is shown on
the network map display.
Step 7: Interpret the Display Pane when in Network Display (6)
In the example above you can see the network display is selected. This gives a simple
graphical image of the NETNodes in the mesh and the links between them.
Each NETNode is shown as a circle with a white number. (If the number turns red, then the
node is temporarily congested).
If you have the Show Names checkbox selected, you’ll also see the node name displayed.
The links between the nodes are shown as coloured lines. As each NETNode supports
bidirectional operation there are usually two lines for each link.
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Step 7: Simplify the Display Pane when in Network Display (7)
You can simply select to examine paths to and from a single node when there are a large
number of nodes available. To do this click the applicable option button for that node. To
return to the full display, select the option button, All Paths.
Note: The buttons above the display are greyed out as they have no function when the
Network option button is selected.
What the colours mean:
Colour
Means...
Green
Reliable path for 16QAM modulation.
Yellow
Reliable path for QPSK modulation.
Red
Unreliable path. Avoid passing data across this path.
White
No Link.
Table 3-6 – Signal Quality Display (8 and 12-Node operating mode)
Colour
Means...
Green
Reliable path for 16QAM 2/3 rate modulation.
Lime
Reliable path for 16QAM 1/2 rate modulation.
Yellow
Reliable path for QPSK 2/3 modulation.
Orange
Reliable path for QPSK 1/2 modulation.
Red
Unreliable path. Avoid passing data across this path.
BPSK 2/3 modulation only.
White
No Link.
Table 3-7 – Signal Quality Display (16-Node Hi-Rate operating mode)
In the example above you are seeing static lines but when you are connected to a live
system, you will see these lines changing status and the RF environment changes or
NETNodes move about.
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Working with the Map Display
Step 1: Switch to Map Display
Select one of the numbered option buttons. This changes the display to the map
display. There are four possible map displays each selected by an option button.
Figure 3-12 The Status / Maps Tab, Map 1 Display
You’ll see the mesh network diagram overlaid onto a map of the area showing the nodes and
the links between them.
There are two ways you can put the nodes onto the map:
 Manual Placement
 GPS Placement
Step 2: Manually put a Node on the Map
Put the mouse pointer on the node symbol. The pointer will change to a four-headed arrow.
Left click and drag the node to the location on the map where the node must be displayed.
Note: You can drag a node symbol to anywhere on the map. Usually, you put the symbol
where the node is actually located, but there is nothing to stop you simply randomly placing
the symbol in Portsmouth when the physical NETNode is in Southampton for example.
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Step 3: Monitor the GPS put a Node on the Map
If a NETNode has a GPS unit connected it can report its location which can then be displayed
on the map.
1. Make sure you are connected to a NETNode with GPS attached.
2. Make sure the Use GPS checkbox is selected.
3. The symbol for that node will jump to the correct location on the map where the actual
NETNode is currently located. If it moves, it will move on the map, showing heading
speed and height.
3.8
Uploading Map Data
Each of the four map option buttons can contain a different map. It is necessary for these
maps to be uploaded before you can use them.
Step 1: Upload a Map Image File
To upload a map it is necessary to have an internal drive which has been formatted. (See
Information Tab).
It is also necessary to have an image file containing the map for the area you are interested
in. The system supports four file types for maps:
 .JPG
 .PNG
 .GIF
 .BMP
We recommend operating with JPEGs as they are good quality but small files. Bitmaps on the
other hand are excellent quality but very large. There is a small quantity of memory available
in each NETNode for maps.
1. Click the Upload… button.
2. The Upload Map Data dialog opens.
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3. Click the Browse button and navigate to your image file.
4. Click the Upload File button to put the image in the NETNode flash memory.
Step 2: Set the Coordinates
When you have loaded your map, it will be necessary to find out the coordinates of three
of the corners of the map image to let the GPS operate.
It is necessary to know the Top Left, Top Right and Bottom Left coordinates of your
image.
These coordinates must be in decimal format and accurate to six places. (You probably
know Latitude and Longitude as being expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds).
You can get the coordinates from your map data source for example.
1. Click the Set Coordinates button.
2. The Coordinates dialog box opens.
3. Type in the coordinates of each of the corners of the image.
4. Click OK.
Step 3: Test the Reset Locations Button
When you have loaded a new map or you have been moving nodes on an existing map it
can be necessary to reset their locations. This can be useful if you lose nodes off the edge of
the map.
You can make the system reset the locations of all the nodes or a combination of them.
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5. Click the Reset Locations… button.
6. The Reset Locations dialog opens.
7. Click the All button or select the nodes
you wish to reset.
8. Click the OK button.
9. The system resets the locations and
switches off the GPS tracking function.
3.9
Working with the Global Settings Tab
This tab enables you to make configuration changes which apply to the full unit.
Step 1: Open the Global Settings Tab
1. Click the Global tab.
2. The Global tab opens.
Figure 3-13 The Global Settings Tab
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Step 2: Interpret the Fields in the Main Pane
The Main pane is concerned with basic settings that it is necessary to apply globally across
the network. Here are the fields you can operate with:
Property
Range
Description
Unit Name
You can use up to
12 alphanumeric
characters for the
Unit name.
The unit name is a friendly name to make it
easier for you to know which NETNode we are
talking about.
Auxiliary
Address
0 or 1.
Usually, the NETNode will be operating with IP
devices like cameras microphones or GPS units and
the Auxiliary address is left as 0.
Some NETNodes (Robust and Plain with AVI
option) can use composite cameras. To do this
they have a second board installed called a D550.
To make sure the NETNode recognises the D550
we have to set the auxiliary address to 1. At this
time, your composite camera can be used with the
system.
Speed Units
Knots, MPH or
KPH.
If you have a GPS connected to a NETNode it can
supply speed data. You can select the units you
wish to use for speed in this combo box.
Streaming
Protocol
UDP Multicast.
If your NETNode is licensed for streaming, you’ll
have three possible streaming protocols to select
from.
RTSP Multicast.
RTSP Unicast.
External Power
Enable
Checkbox
Select or Clear.
DHCP Enable
Checkbox
Select or Clear.
There is an external power output which can be
used to give 12VDC (1A) to an external device.
This could be a camera, GPS antenna or other
device. See pin outs in Part D of this document set.
It is necessary to have a custom cable for this
operation.
In some situations having DCHP enabled can be
applicable for advanced users of the system but in
most cases it’s better if each NETNode has its own
fixed address.
If selected, then the NETNode will try to get its IP
address from a DHCP server on the network – this
DHCP server can be located through a second
NETNode across the radio interface.
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Property
Range
Description
IP Address
Example:
If the radio is not automatically acquiring its IP
address through a DHCP server then a fixed IP
address needs to be assigned to the unit
192.168.2.120
Type an IP address for this NETNode in the IP
address text box. It can be a class of network of
your choosing.
Network Mask
Example:
255.255.255.0
The network mask lets a network administrator
divide a network into smaller more efficient
subnets to stop large numbers of IP packets being
routed through the network. This is usually defined
by the network administrator.
Type a subnet mask in the Network mask text
box.
Gateway
Example:
192.168.2.120
A default gateway is used by a host when an IP
packet's destination address belongs to someplace
outside the local subnet. The default gateway
address is usually an interface belonging to the
LAN’s border router.
We recommend you keep the gateway at the same
setting as the IP Address.
Operating Mode
8-Node System
12-Node System
16-Node, Hi-Rate
Update All
Nodes
Select or Clear
Select 16 Node Hi-Rate across all MESH NETNodes
for best performance. Other modes are there for
backward compatibility with earlier versions of
software.
When you make changes to global setting they are
usually applied to the NETNode you are currently
attached to. Sometimes it’s really convenient to
update all the NETNodes in the mesh, for example
when you wish to change the frequency of all units
at the same time.
Select the Update All Nodes checkbox to enable
these global updates on all nodes.
Parameters which are globally updated are
marked with ‘*’.
Examples of things you can update like this are:
 Frequency
 Bandwidth
Table 3-8 – Interpreting the Main Pane
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Step 3: Interpret the Ethernet Ports Pane
Property
Range
Description
Eth 1 Mode
Transparent
See Working with VLAN for details.
LAN<->VLAN
VLAN<->LAN
LAN traffic only
VLAN traffic only
Eth1 tagged VLAN
Eth 1 Priority
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Typically use 4.
Eth 1 Tag
1 - 4095
The VLAN tag on which this operates.
Eth 1 Link Status
Not Connected
Indicates the link status.
10 Base-T
100 Base-T
Table 3-9 – Ethernet Ports Pane
Step 4: Interpret the Interlink Mode Pane
Property
Range
Description
Tunnelling
Off
Default is Off.
Master
There will only be one master. See Interlink Mode
for details.
Slave
Tunnel IP
Address
IP Address
The IP Address the NETNode will use to pass
tunnelled data. This address responds to ICMP ping
for debugging purposes.
Tunnel Network
Mask
Network Mask IP Subnet Mask. Example 255.255.255.0
Address
Tunnel Tag
0 - 4095
The tag used for the VLAN tunnel operation.
If set to zero the LAN is used.
Tunnel Priority
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Typically use 4.
Table 3-10 – Interlink Mode Pane
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Step 5: Interpret the IGMP Configuration Pane
Property
Range
Description
Eth1 IGMP
Forwarding
Select or Clear
Default is Off.
Eth2 IGMP
Forwarding
Select or Clear
IGMP Querier
Popup box
Allows forwarding of IGMP membership reports on
this interface.
Default is Off.
Allows forwarding of IGMP membership reports on
this interface.
Allows a forced IGMP querier to be added for the
LAN and each VLAN on the system.
Step 6: Use the Apply Button Consistently
Each time you change a parameter on the Control Application it is very important to click
the Apply button and wait for a moment for the changes to be sent to the device.
It is very important to hit apply after ticking/un-ticking Update All Nodes before altering
other parameters.
Personnel change a parameter and then wonder why the device has not changed behaviour.
Always click the Apply button.
Step 7: Test the Refresh Button
The browser software will poll the device regularly which lets it update the Control Pages
with the latest changes.
To force a refresh of the control pages it is necessary to click the Refresh Button.
Step 8: Set the Clock
1. Click the Set Clock Button.
2. The Set Clock dialog opens.
3. Set the Date field.
4. Change the time.
5. Select a Time Zone from the drop-down list.
6. Select a Daylight Saving offset from the drop-down list.
7. Choose an Auto Set Time mode.
8. Click the Set button.
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Figure 3-14 Set Clock dialogue box
Note: To set the clock automatically, set the Auto Set Time field to GPS. At this time, the
NETNode will set its internal clock based on signals from an attached GPS unit.
Step 9: Format the File System (ONLY do this if needed)
There are two flash drives built into each NETNode.
Flash
Use
Internal Flash
Holds the maps and coordinates files.
External Memory Card
Used to record video material.
1. Click the Format File System… button.
2. The Format Flash File system dialog opens.
3. Click Format Internal Flash button.
4. The Format Flash warning message is displayed.
5. Click the OK button. Your internal Flash drive will be formatted.
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Figure 3-15 File Formatting System
Note: If you wish to format the External Memory Card, click the Format External Memory
Card button at step 3 above.
Step 10: Restore Defaults (ONLY do this if really required)
To restore a default condition to the full unit:
1. Click the Restore Defaults button.
2. The Restore Defaults dialog opens.
3. Click the OK button.
Figure 3-16 Restore defaults options
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Step 11: Change Password (ONLY do this if really required)
1. Click the Password… button.
2. The Change Password dialog opens.
3. Type in the Old Password.
4. Type in the New Password in the New Password text box.
5. Type in the New Password in the Confirm New Password text box.
6. Click the OK button.
Figure 3-17 Changing your password
3.10 Working with the Configuration Tab
This tab enables you to make configuration changes which apply to this NETNode.
Step 1: Open the Configuration Tab
1. Click the Configuration tab.
2. The Configuration tab opens.
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Figure 3-18 Configuration Tab
Step 2: Find which Preset Tab is Active (1)
The darker blue tab shows the preset you are currently editing.
The green box shows which preset is currently active in the receiver.
In the example above, preset one is active and preset one is also available for editing.
Step 3: Configure the Transmitter Settings Pane (2)
Property
Range
Description
Enable
Checkbox
Select or Clear
This simply turns on the transmitter when selected.
Input frequency
(MHz)
L, S and C
Bands
Remember that the transmitter only sends when it
has data ready to move. All NETNodes in a mesh
must have their transmitters enabled.
The frequency in megahertz (MHz) that you wish to
use for this preset.
If you try to input a frequency that is out of range,
the radio will tune the lowest available frequency
automatically.
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Property
Range
Description
Channel
Bandwidth
2.5MHz
You can configure the channel bandwidth with this
drop-down box.
3.0MHz
3.5MHz
5.0MHz
IP Mesh Systems
If you use a lower bandwidth range will increase.
If you use a higher bandwidth range must decrease.
6.0MHz
Output Level
High
0 to 30dB
The level of attenuation in dB that will be applied to
the high output level. This could be useful if your
transmitter is swamping a second unit nearby.
Output Level
Low
0 to 30dB
The level of attenuation in dB that will be applied to
the low output level. This could be useful if your
transmitter is swamping a second unit nearby.
Output Level
Select
Low or High
You can select high or low output level to suit the RF
environment you are working in. When you select
high or low here it applies attenuation you have set
in the output level setting discussed above.
Table 3-11 – Transmitter Settings Pane
Step 4: Configure the Recording Settings Pane (3)
If the NETNode has the AVI option fitted, it can make short recordings on an SD card which
is inserted into the front panel of the unit.
Property
Range
Description
Number of
Chunks
0 to 5000
A chunk is about thirty seconds of video.
Record
Checkbox
Select or Clear
This is the maximum number of chunks stored on
the card and the oldest will be removed first. This
must be set so that the number of files does not get
more than the capacity of the SD card.
When you select this box, the video will be recorded
to the built in SD card. To playback, use Mission
Commander or VLC and the command:
rtsp:///record.sdp
Table 3-12 – Recording Settings Pane
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Step 5: Configure the Audio Settings Pane (4)
Unit
Parameter
Options
Notes
Mode
Off
Off simply disables the headset.
Internal
Internal mode only distributes the talk back audio
in the local mesh network.
Remote
Remote mode allows the onward distribution of this
audio on an external IP network using RTSP
protocols.
The remote mode also allows external
‘eavesdropping’ of the audio using the URL:
rtsp://ip_address_of_unit/audio.sdp
Audio can also be sent to that unit using the same
port as the RTP packet. The audio format must be
G726-32 with a payload size of 512 bytes.
Microphone
Gain
Variable Slider
When a talkback headset is attached to the unit, this
slider controls the microphone gain.
Headphone
Gain
Variable Slider
When a talkback headset is attached to the unit, this
slider controls the headphone gain.
Mute Level
Variable Slider
When a talkback headset is attached to the unit, this
slider controls the mute level. This control is very
much like the squelch control found on
communication radios.
Sets the level at which is microphone is enabled.
Below this level no packets are sent.
An external push to talk switch can be connected
with the microphone to do the same task if required.
All NETNode units give a low level bleep tone when
no talkback is received and the unit is connected
onto the mesh network.
Table 3-13 – Audio Settings Pane
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Step 6: Configure the Mesh Settings Pane (5)
Unit
Parameter
Options
Notes
Mesh ID
1 to 255 (8 and
12 Node
systems)
The Mesh ID tells the unit which group it belongs
to. All NETNodes on Mesh ID 60 for example will
communicate with each other.
1 to 63 (16
Node, Hi-Rate)
Note: If you select 16-Node, Hi-Rate as your
operating mode, you can only select between 1 to
63 for your Mesh ID.
Node ID
0 to Max
Number of
Nodes - 1
The Node ID gives the unit a unique ID within the
mesh. Each must have a unique Node ID. The
maximum number of nodes is determined by
operating mode set in the global settings tab.
IP Forward
Select or Clear
If this node is connected to an IP source selecting
the IP Forward check box will make sure this data
is passed around the mesh for access on other units.
Table 3-14 – Mesh Settings Pane
Step 7: Configure the Streamer Settings Pane (6)
When you have got the asset to the NETNode, you may wish to stream that information
down a fixed IP link. The streamer pane enables you to configure this easily.
Streaming is the transmission of digital audio or video or the listening and viewing of such
data without first storing it.
In Cobham systems we can carry streams using multicast protocols and these streams can
come from external or internal sources. The internal source (an optional encoder) is enabled
with Stream Enable.
Property
Range
Description
Multicast
Address
Use different
values for each
NETNode
This text box enables you to change the multicast
address used by the unit for internal streaming. The
default value is random to make sure different
NETNodes have different multicast addresses.
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Property
Range
Description
SAP Address
The default
value is
224.2.127.254
and the port
used is 9875.
This text box enables you to change the value of
SAP/ SDP multicast address used by the unit.
10000 or above
Protocols like TCP or UDP use port numbers in the
header to direct traffic around the network. Low port
numbers are used by computer systems for
predefined tasks. For example SMPT (for your email
service) uses port 25.
Port
IP Mesh Systems
The default value is 224.2.127.254 and the port
used is 9875.
These are standard multicast values for such
parameters, and it is recommended they are not
changed unless specially required due to routing
restrictions.
A good rule is to use numbers above 10,000 to avoid
conflict with existing services.
When you set up a port number on several
computers on a network they will all listen for
packets directed to that port.
The default value is random.
Service Name
Mesh Streaming
This text box lets you name the multicast stream as
delivered in the SAP/SDP packets from the unit.
Default is Mesh Streaming.
Stream Enable
Select or Clear
This enables the streaming of Video that originates
from the internal encoder (if it is fitted). This must
be selected for UDP multicast, RTSP multicast
streaming or RTSP unicast streaming.
Table 3-15 – Streamer Settings Pane
Step 8a: Configure the Scrambling Settings Pane (7)
It can be very important to scramble received assets before they are passed across
networks.
The system offers DES, AES128 and AES 256 and this encrypts all user data exchanged
across the network.
The DES+, AES128+ and AES256+ settings make sure that the network will only process
encrypted data. Any data sent in the clear by any nodes will not be presented or accepted by
a NETNode if the DES+ or AES+ is set on the unit.
This drop-down box enables you to select the scrambling scheme you wish to use. You can
select: AES128, AES128+, AES256, AES256+, DES, DES+. Only licensed features will be
shown in the drop-down box.
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Note: AES and DES scrambling is a licensable item. Speak to Cobham for details.
Step 8b: Set the Scrambling Key (7)
When you select a scrambling scheme it is necessary to specify a key that it will use.
Here’s how:
1. Click the Scrambling Key Set… button.
2. The Scrambling Key dialog opens.
3. Select the Key type from the Key Type combo box.
4. Type your key in the xxx bit key combo box.
5. Click OK.
6. Once the key has been set it is essential to click Apply.
Note: If you make a mistake when typing the key, use the Clear button.
Figure 3-19 Setting up encryption
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Step 9: Configure the RS232/RS485 Data Settings Pane (8)
The NETNode can send and receive data through its RS232/1, RS232/2 or its RS485 serial
port. See Controls, Connections and Indicators to find out which port you are using.
Property
Range
Description
Data Mode
Off
Off – Data transfer is switched off.
UDP
UDP - UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used to
move data about the network. The packets are sent
out and the system does not expect a reply. There is
no way that the sending device can tell if the data
arrived at the destination.
TCP Server
TCP Client
TCP - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is used to
move data about the network. The packets are sent
out and the system will expect a reply. Each
message is acknowledged by the destination device.
Setting TCP server allows applications such as
telnet to connect to the port.
Setting one NETNode to TCP server and one to
TCP client allows data pipes to be formed.
Default is OFF.
Baud Rate
Parity
Speeds available
are: None,
Illegal, 1200,
2400, 4800,
9600, 19200,
38400, 57600,
and 115200.
This is where you set the speed at which data will be
transferred across the network.
None
A parity bit is a bit that is added to make sure that
the number of bits with the value one in a set of bits
is even or odd. Parity bits are used as the simplest
form of error detecting code.
Even
Odd
Note: The data is assumed to be eight bits.
Default is 4800.
There are two variants of parity bits: even parity
bit and odd parity bit. When using even parity, the
parity bit is set to 1 if the number of ones in a given
set of bits (including the parity bit) is even. When
using odd parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if the
number of ones in a given set of bits (including the
parity bit) is odd. In other words, an even parity bit
will be set to "1" if the number of 1's + 1 is even,
and an odd parity bit will be set to "1" if the number
of 1's +1 is odd.
Default is None.
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Property
Range
Description
IP Port
42391
These set an IP address and Port to and from which
the data will transferred.
The user can connect to the data port through telnet
by setting the mode to TCP and the port number to
23.
The user can connect two data ports on different
units together through setting UDP mode and using
the aligning port numbers.
Default is 42391.
IP Address
255.255.255.255 The IP address of the destination computer which
wishes to connect or all 255’s for any host.
Table 3-16 – RS232/RS485 Data Settings Pane
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Step 10: Configure the GPS Settings Pane (9)
It is possible to connect a GPS receiver to a NETNode. This switch enables you to select the
source for the GPS. There are three choices:
Property
Range
Description
Source
Off
Off - simply turns off the GPS.
RS232
RS232 or RS485 is set when the GPS has been
connected to the Data port on the NETNode and this
is where the system will look for GPS data.
RS485
Encoder
Encoder is set when the GPS has been connected to
the Encoder port (AV) and this is where the system
will look for GPS data. This is only possible with the
AVI variant of the NETNode.
Table 3-17 – GPS Settings Pane
Step 11: Configure the VLAN Settings Pane (10)
It can be valuable to make Virtual LANs within the physical LAN of the mesh network. These
virtual LANs are configured in the VLAN Settings pane. See Working with VLAN for details.
3.11 Working with the Information Tab
This tab enables you to find information about the system. It can be necessary to have this
information when you make a support call to Cobham for example.
Step 1: Open the Information Tab
1. Click the Information tab
2. The Information tab opens
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Figure 3-20 The Information Tab
Step 2: Interpret the Information Pane (1)
The information tab gives you some details about the hardware and software loaded into
your NETNode unit. This could be very valuable during a support call for our engineers to
help you.
Unit
Parameter
Options
Notes
Software
Version
V4.2
The current version of firmware operating on the
NETNode.
FPGA Version
The current version of FPGA located in the
NETNode.
Serial Number
46512200
Unique identifier for your unit.
MAC Address
00:11:6A:AB:D5:0A Unique identifier for the network card.
Board Type
88
Cobham board identity.
Unit Type
73
Cobham board identity.
License
1D00
Current license type installed.
Table 3-18 – Interpreting the Information Pane
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Step 3: Look at the Manual (2)
Click on this hyperlink to open a version of the on-board manual for the NETNode.
Step 4: About the H264 Encoder Upgrade (3)
If your NETNode has an AVI board fitted, this dialog enables you to load the encoder with a
Codec to support H.264 operations.
Note: If the AVI option is upgraded to support H.264 then MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 ASP
encoding are no longer supported.
Step 5: Look at the File System (4)
Click on this hyperlink to open the file system of the NETNode. This is where all your map
and configuration files are stored. You can share these files with other NETNodes to save
time.
Step 6: Check the Connected Devices List (5)
When you connect a second Cobham device to your NETNode, providing it has the
Identifying Protocol available, it will show up in the Connected Devices list.
If the NETNode has an internal Dual H.264 and H.264HD Audio Video Interface option fitted,
(NETNode-AVI-HDUP3P or NETNode-AVI-HDUP3R), then the IP address of the Internal AVI
encoder will show in this list.
At this time, you can click on an item in the list to jump directly to it, rather like you can
jump between NETNodes on the Status / Overview tab.
Today, NETNodes and D850 IP Encoders have the Identifying Protocol to show in the list but
other products will have this feature in the future.
3.12 Working with the Encoder Tab
If your unit has a video encoder card installed there will be an Encoder tab shown.
Note: The video encoder card is available as a factory fit option with both the NETNode-3Robust and the NETNode-3-Plain, this option cannot be fitted to the NETNode-Mini Plain.
This tab enables you to configure the Encoder. It is necessary to have the optional encoder
fitted to your NETNode before the Encoder tab appears. It is also necessary to make sure
that Global Settings  Auxiliary Address has the numeral 1 in the field to switch on the
encoder tab.
Note: If you use the Restore Defaults button on the Control Application, the Auxiliary
address is always returned to 0. You must reset the Auxiliary address to 1 before you can
use the encoder tab again.
Step 1: Open the Encoder Tab
1. Click the Encoder tab.
2. The Encoder tab opens.
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Figure 3-21 The Encoder Tab
Step 2: Configure the Encoder Settings Pane (1)
This is where you configure your encoder to suit the Composite camera source you’re
operating. It also helps you to make best use of the available bandwidth on the mesh
network.
Property
Options
Encoder Preset
Low rate
(500kbps)
Notes
Medium rate
(900kbps)
High rate
(1.8Mbps)
Video Lock
Audio Enable
Checkbox
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Red
Red means no video lock.
Green
Green means video is locked.
Select or Clear
Select the Audio Enable checkbox to switch on the
audio. Audio will take some of the available
bandwidth. For some applications you may wish to
turn off audio to let all the bandwidth to be used by
video.
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Property
Options
Notes
Scrambling
Off
It can be very important to scramble received
composite assets before they are passed across
networks.
AES128
AES256
DES
IP Mesh Systems
The system offers DES, AES128 and AES 256 and
this encrypts all composite assets exchanged across
the network.
This combo box enables you to select the scrambling
scheme you wish to use. You can select: DES,
AES128 or AES256.
Default is OFF
Table 3-19 – Encoder Settings Pane
Note: This scrambling of the composite signal is independent of the Main IP
Scrambling on the node. This composite scrambling is nested in the Main IP scrambling.
This means you can scramble the Composite signal and then scramble the full IP data again.
Step 3: Configure the Scrambling Key
When you select a scrambling scheme it is necessary to specify a key that it will use.
Here’s how:
1. Click the Scrambling Key Set… button.
2. The Scrambling Key dialog opens.
3. Select the Key type from the Key Type combo box.
4. Type your key in the xxx bit key combo box.
5. Click the OK button.
6. Once the key has been set it is essential to click Apply.
Note: If you make a mistake when typing the key, use the Clear button.
Step 4: Select the Show Advanced Options Checkbox
If you select the Show Advanced Options checkbox, the dialog will expand like this:
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Figure 3-22 The Encoder Tab, Advanced Options Display
Property
Range
Description
Video Input
Off
You can select the video to be off or an
available setting to suit the camera source
you have.
PAL
NTSC
NTSC no ped
S-Video PAL
S-Video NTSC
S-Video NTSC no ped
SDI PAL
SDI NTSC
MPEG Mode
MPEG2
MPEG4
H264
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Select between MPEG2 and MPEG4. For H264
the video card must be upgraded. Details for
this are on the information pane.
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Property
Range
Description
MPEG4 /H264
Encoding Mode
Low Delay Interlaced
Default is Low Delay Interlaced.
Standard Delay
Interlaced
If you have selected MPEG4 mode then these
settings apply.
Low Delay Progressive
Standard Delay
Progressive
SIF
QSIF
Video Bit rate
A number
You can type in a bit rate you wish the
encoder to use. If you set more than the
capacity of the encoder it simply won’t
operate. This item is for advanced users only.
MPEG4/H264
Frame rate
Full
If full frame rate is giving unsatisfactory
quality, you can step this down until you get
a satisfactory picture. Only applies to MPEG4.
Use when unit is operating at low bitrates.
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/24
Horizontal
Resolution
704, 528, 480 and 352
The number of pixels across each line of the
screen. Changing the horizontal resolution to
lower values will make the coded picture
softer.
Try to align horizontal resolution to the
resolution of the camera for best image
results.
Video
Sharpness
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Normal
Sharp
You can increase the sharpness of the video
but you will reduce the bandwidth.
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Property
Range
Description
Audio Encoder
Off
Default is audio Off.
32kHz 12bit Stereo
You can select one of many modes to suit
operating and bandwidth requirements.
32kHz 12bit Mono
32kHz 8bit Stereo
As you select each of these audio modes and
apply them, monitor the Video bitrates
parameter and see it change.
32kHz 8bit Mono
16kHz 8bit Stereo
16kHz 8bit Mono
The higher the audio quality used the less the
video bandwidth available
8kHz 8bit Stereo
8kHz 8bit Mono
MP3 modes are only available with H264.
32kHz MPEG Layer 1 Stereo
32kHz MPEG Layer 1 Mono
48kHz MPEG Layer 1 Stereo
48kHz MPEG Layer 1 Mono
32kHz MPEG Layer 2 Stereo
32kHz MPEG Layer 2 Mono
48kHz MPEG Layer 2 Stereo
48kHz MPEG Layer 2 Mono
32kHz MPEG Layer 3 Stereo
32kHz MPEG Layer 3 Mono
44.1kHz MPEG Layer 3 Stereo
44.1kHz MPEG Layer 3 Mono
48kHz MPEG Layer 3 Stereo
48kHz MPEG Layer 3 Mono
16kHz MPEG Layer 3 Stereo
16kHz MPEG Layer 3 Mono
24kHz MPEG Layer 3 Stereo
24kHz MPEG Layer 3 Mono
MPEG Audio
Bit rate
8 to 384kbit/s
This is the MPEG audio sampling rate. Usually
the higher the number the better the quality.
Audio Input
Level
0, 12, 24, 36 and 48dB
Used to set the audio gain applied to the
audio input signal.
0db is no gain which is the default setting. If
you have low level audio sources you may
wish to apply more gain.
Table 3-20 – Encoder Tab, Advanced Options Display
3.13 Licensing the NETNode
Feature availability in NETNodes is controlled by license. If you require a new feature,
contact your Cobham representative who can arrange for a license to be produced for you.
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The license generated is in the form of a *.lic file. This file will contain a 72 digit license
code.
Step 1: Prepare for the License Upgrade
1. Open the license file provided by Cobham using Notepad or similar text editor.
2. Highlight and copy only the 72 digit numbers highlighted below:
3. Open the Web Browser application
Step 2: Insert the License Code
1. Holding down the Ctrl key on your keyboard, right-click the COBHAM logo on the web
browser.
2. The Engineering dialogue box opens.
3. Select Main to write commands to the D84x PCB.
4. Type wglco;; (paste in the 72 digit code copied in Step 1).
5. Click the Send button.
6. You’ll see a Reply code.
7. Click Done to complete the process.
Note: If the reply code is Failed, then the license code has not gone into the NETNode.
This may be caused by incorrect syntax, for example check the punctuation is semi-colons
either side of the license code.
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Figure 3-23 Inserting your new license code
3.14 Upgrading the Firmware
Step 1: Enable TFTP in Windows 7/Vista on your PC
Your PC will need to be enabled as a TFTP client to perform a TFTP upgrade. In Windows 7
and Vista this may need to be activated.
1. On your PC click StartControl PanelPrograms.
2. Select Programs and Features.
3. Click Turn Windows features on or off at the top left of the dialogue box.
4. Check the TFTP Client checkbox.
5. Click the OK button.
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Figure 3-24 Enabling TFTP
Step 2: Prepare for the Upgrade
1. Establish the IP address of the NETNode you wish to upgrade.
2. Place the latest version of the firmware in the root of you C: drive.
Step 3: Perform the Upgrade
1. On the PC click StartRun.
2. The Run dialogue box opens.
3. Type cmd and click the OK button (depending on the Operating System of your PC, this
can also be done clicking the Start button and enter cmd in the Search programs and
files box).
4. The Command Prompt window opens.
5. Type ping  -t and press enter (insert the IP address of the unit you wish
to upgrade.
6. You’ll see the NETNode being continuously pinged which confirms you are connected and
that you are OK to proceed. Leave it pinging!
7. Open a second command prompt and type cd.. and press enter.
8. This will change directory to the root of C: (where you placed the upgrade file earlier).
9. At the command prompt, type tftp  put d840_mesh_download.exo
(insert the IP address of the unit you wish to upgrade) and press enter.
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Note: The file names have to be exact and are case sensitive. The transfer will take a few
seconds if connected locally and much longer if connected across the Mesh network.
10. ONLY when the pings start to display Requested timed out in the first command
window, can you cycle the power on the NETNode to complete the process.
11. You’ll see the pings start to reply again.
CAUTION: If the unit is power cycled to early, the flash data will be lost and the Node will
need to be returned to Cobham for repair.
12. Close both Command Windows.
13. Browse to the NETNode and navigate to the Information tab.
14. Confirm the new software version is displayed.
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Figure 3-25 Performing the firmware upgrade
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4. Appendix A – Cautions and Warnings
4.1
Cautions and Warnings
Serial
Area
Note
Enclosures
Do not remove factory installed screws or fastenings. Damage
to the units can be caused and void warranties.
Only approved personnel must open the device. There are no
operations that required the user to access the device
internally. There are no user serviceable parts internally.
Maintenance
Other than cleaning, no scheduled maintenance is required to
make sure of the correct operation of the unit.
Environment
The equipment must not be used in dangerous or atmospheres
that can cause corrosion. Users are reminded of the necessity of
complying with restrictions regarding the operation of radio
devices in refuel depots, chemical plants and locations where
explosives are kept and/or used.
Power Supply
Make sure that the power supply arrangements are sufficient to
align with the requirements of each device. Obey all electrical
safety precautions.
Electro Static
Discharge
(ESD)
Precautions
ESD guidelines must be followed for this electrostatic sensitive
device.
Lightning Hit
There is a risk of lightning hits to antennas. The equipment
must not be assembled in an area during lightning. Antennas
must be adequately protected from lightning hits.
Working at
Height
You must be careful when locating the device at height, for
example on a mast. Make sure the unit is correctly attached to
stop it falling and injuring personnel.
Risk of Eye
Injury
You must be careful to stop your eye touching the antennas.
Cables
Connecting cables must not be put where they can become
damaged or where they can be dangerous by personnel tripping
on them.
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Serial
Area
Note
10
Thermal
Control System
Energized devices always become hot during operation. If you
operate this device in a closed area you must make sure it has
sufficient airflow to keep it at a low temperature.
Also, if worn near the body, you must be careful to give
protection the operator from large temperatures.
11
RF Emission
System
When operating this device please make sure a distance of
20cm is kept between your device and your body while the
device is transmitting.
12
Aircraft Safety
Operating this equipment on board aircraft is not permitted.
Operating radio transmitter equipment in an aircraft can be
dangerous to navigation and other systems.
Table 4-1 – Cautions and Warnings
4.2
EMC / Safety and Radio Approvals
The equipment has been designed to align with, and has been tested against these
harmonized EMC and safety standards:
4.3
CE Marking
The CE mark is attached to all products, and the CE Declaration of Conformity, as well as the
technical file is available on request.
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5. Appendix B - Precautions and
Maintenance
5.1
Caring for your Equipment
 Do not apply physical abuse to the unit, too much shock or vibration.
 Do not let it fall.
 Do not shake or throw the unit.
 Do not carry the unit by the antenna.
 Prevent exposure to too much moisture or liquids.
 Do not submerse the unit unless it is designed to be submersible.
 Do not let the unit touch corrosives, solvents, cleaners or mineral spirits.
 Prevent exposure to too much cold or hot.
 Prevent too long exposure to direct sunlight.
 Do not put or keep units on surfaces that are not stable.
 Always turn the unit off before installing optional accessories.
 Only use accessories intended for the specified make and model of your unit, especially
batteries, chargers and power adapters.
5.2
Charging
 Use approved batteries, chargers and adapters designed specially for your make and
model unit.
 Do not try to charge a wet unit or battery pack.
 Do not charge the unit or battery pack near anything flammable.
 Let the battery pack become stable at room temperature (72 degrees F) before charging.
 Do not charge units and / or battery packs on surfaces that are wet or not stable.
 Do not keep units and / or batteries in chargers for too long.
5.3
Working with Lithium Batteries
 Charge only with the approved charging cable.
 Batteries are to be used only for the specified function. Incorrect operation will invalidate
the warranty and can make the battery become dangerous.
 Charge in a clean, dry environment, ideally at 10 degrees Celsius. (0 to 45 degrees
Celsius is permitted).
 Do not keep or operate in direct sunlight for extended periods. Battery can be damaged
by becoming too hot, for example if put on the rear parcel shelf of a vehicle.
 Keep in a cool and dry environment. Being kept too hot can cause permanent loss of
capacity.
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 For short term (fewer than six months), keep in a fully charged condition.
 For extended periods (more than one year) charge before keeping and charge at
intervals of six to nine months.
 Always fully charge the battery after a period of more than one month before operation.
 Do not keep the battery with the charge low as this can cause the battery to become
unserviceable and invalidate the warranty.
 Do not short circuit.
 Do not put in water.
 Do not burn. Cells are likely to explode if put in a fire.
 Dispose of batteries in accordance with the regulations for the Country of operation.
Batteries are usually thought of as ‘isolated waste’ and must not be in the usual waste
stream. Send to the seller, or send to an approved re-cycling company.
5.4
Cleaning
 Turn off the unit and remove batteries (if applicable) before maintenance.
 Use a clean, soft, moist cloth to clean the unit. A microfiber cloth is recommended.
 Do not use alcohol or cleaning solutions to clean the unit.
 Do not put the unit in water to clean it.
 If the unit becomes wet, immediately dry it with a microfiber or other lint-free cloth.
5.5
Storage
 Turn off the unit and remove batteries before storage
 Keep units and battery packs in a cool, dry area at room temperature (72 degrees F).
 Do not keep units and / or batteries in chargers which are on.
5.6
Repairs
Do not try to repair the unit. The unit contains no user serviceable parts. Speak to the
Cobham Customer Servicing Centre or send it to an approved repair technician.
5.7
Getting Technical Support
Step 1: Speak to Client Services
Technical support enquiries must be sent to the Client Services team.
Post: The Cobham Centre-Solent, Fusion 2, 1100 Parkway, Solent Business Park, Whiteley,
Hampshire, PO15 7AB, England.
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Phone: +44 1489 566 750 then push 1 for support. Office hours: 0900-1700 UK time not
including holidays.
Email: tcs.whiteley.support@cobham.com (no restricted content).
For technical support we plan to give a first response to you in less than one working day
and a progress update at intervals of two weeks at least.
5.8
Operate with the Cobham RMA Service
If you have a problem and all troubleshooting steps have not worked, you must speak to
Cobham for Return Material Authorisation (RMA) Service.
Step 1: Email Cobham
To send something to Solent please Email tcs.whiteley.rma@cobham.com. We will then
send you an RMA request form to complete and send to us. We’ll then send you an RMA
number and shipping instructions.
Step 2: Keep your Personal Kit
Remove all personal kit or media from the device.
Step 3: Put the Unit into the Box
Use the initial shipping container and packing materials if possible.
If the initial packing materials are not available, put the equipment in soft material (e.g.
PU/PE foam) then put the wrapped equipment into a hard cardboard shipping box.
Step 4: Prepare an Information Sheet
Include a sheet with these items of information:
 Name
 Address
 Unit Serial Number
 Date of Purchase or the initial invoice number
 Date of problem
 A detailed description of the problems you have encountered
 A record of the hardware / software configuration if applicable
Note: Please keep a copy of this sheet for your records.
Step 5: Put the RMA Number on the Box
Clearly identify the outer surface of the shipping box with the RMA number. If an RMA
number is not on the shipping box, receiving cannot identify it and it might be sent to you
again.
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Step 6: Send the Box to Cobham
Send the box with your usual shipping procedure.
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6. Appendix C-Glossary
6.1
Glossary
0-9
Means…
16QAM
16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation.
64QAM
64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation.
Means…
AC
Alternating Current. Current that is continually changing in
magnitude and at intervals in direction from a zero reference level.
A/V
Audio/Video.
AES
In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is
an encryption standard adopted by the U.S. government. The
standard comprises three block ciphers, AES-128, AES-192 and
AES-256, adopted from a larger collection originally published as
Rijndael. Each AES cipher has a 128-bit block, with keys of 128,
192 and 256 bits, respectively.
ASI
Asynchronous Serial Interface. A streaming data interface
which often carries an MPEG Transport Stream.
An ASI signal can carry one or multiple SD, HD or audio programs
that are already compressed, not like an uncompressed SD-SDI
(270Mbs) or HD-SDI (1.45Gbs). An ASI signal can carry differing
quantities of data but is always padded to operate at a fixed line
rate of 270 Mb/s.
Amplification
Increasing the strength (current, voltage or power) of a signal.
Amplitude
The level of an audio or other signal in voltage or current. The
magnitude of variation in a changing quantity from its zero value.
Amplitude Modulation
Modulation in which the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied
above and below its usual value in accordance with the
intelligence of the signal being transmitted. Also called AM.
Analogue
Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying
voice, data, image, signal or video information with a continuous
signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in
proportion to that of a variable.
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Means…
Antenna
An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer designed to radiate or
receive electromagnetic energy (generally RF).
Antenna Bandwidth
The frequency range over which a given antenna will accept
signals.
Antenna Gain
The effectiveness of a directional antenna as compared to a
standard non-directional antenna. It is usually expressed as the
ratio in decibels of standard antenna input power to directional
antenna input power that will make the same field strength in the
wanted direction. For a receiving antenna, the ratio of signal
power values produced at the receiver input terminals is used. The
more directional an antenna is, the higher is its gain.
Attenuation
Power loss resulting from conductor resistance and dielectric loss
in the insulating material used to isolate the conductors.
Means…
BNC
Bayonet Neill-Concelman – A very well-known type of RF
connector used for terminating coaxial cable.
Bandwidth
The width of a band of frequencies used for a function.
Means…
COFDM
Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a
frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme utilized as a digital
multi-carrier modulation method. A large number of closely-spaced
orthogonal sub-carriers are used to carry data.
Means…
D/C
Downconverter. A device which changes microwave frequencies to
UHF frequencies for operation in Cobham receivers.
Digital
A digital signal is a discontinuous signal that changes from one
condition to one more condition in discrete steps.
Decibel
The standard unit used to express transmission gain or loss and
relative power levels. Also written as dB.
Decoder
Processor in a video receiver that changes digital video data to
analogue signals for replay on analogue monitors; or in some
cases a software decoder, a program that decodes digital data for
replay on the PC (decompression etc.).
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Means…
Demodulate
To collect the information originally impressed on the radio wave.
Means…
Electromagnetic field
The field of force that an electrical current produces around the
conductor through which it flows.
Electromagnetic
Waves
A wave propagating as a periodic disturbance of the electrical and
magnetic fields and having frequency in the electromagnetic
spectrum; the means by which energy is transmitted from one
area to one more area.
Elementary Stream
(ES)
Elementary streams: These streams contain only one MPEG-2
video channel and no audio. Elementary streams are required if
you intend to operate Milestone or a player that cannot operate
with Transport streams.
You must be in RTSP mode to operate Elementary streams.
Encoder
A processor in a video transmitter which changes analogue video
from a camera to digital data.
Means…
FEC
Forward Error Correction is a system of error control for data
transmission, whereby the sender adds redundant data to its
messages, also known as an error-correction code. This lets
the receiver find and correct errors (inside some bound) without
the need to ask the sender for additional data. The advantage of
forward error correction is that a back-channel is not required, or
that retransmission of data can often be prevented, at the cost of
higher bandwidth requirements on average. FEC is thus applied in
situations where retransmissions are relatively costly or
impossible.
Firmware
Software which is installed directly on a device and is intended
specially for that device and is used to control it.
FOV
Field of View - The field of view (also field of vision) is the
angular quantity of the observable world that is seen at a given
moment.
Fading
A periodic decrease in the received signal strength.
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Means…
Frequency
The rate at which a procedure repeats itself. In radio
communications, frequency is expressed in cycles for each second.
Signals also have a property called wavelength, which is inversely
in proportion to the frequency.
Frequency
Modulation
Changing the frequency of a carrier wave, usually with an audio
frequency, to send intelligence. Also called FM.
FPGA
Field-Programmable Gate Array - an integrated circuit
designed to be configured by the customer or designer after
manufacturing, hence "field-programmable".
Means…
GUI
Graphical User Interface.
GHz
Gigahertz - One gigahertz is equal to 1,000 megahertz (MHz) or
1,000,000,000 Hz.
Gain
The increase in signal strength that is produced by an amplifier.
Means…
Hertz
One cycle for every second.
Means…
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address – A unique numeric ID for a device
in a network.
IR
Infra-Red - Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation
whose wavelength is longer than that of visible light.
Impedance
The total opposition offered by a circuit or component to the flow
of alternating current.
Means…
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Means…
LOS and NLOS
Line-of-sight propagation refers to electro-magnetic radiation
including light emissions moving in a straight line. The rays or
waves are diffracted, refracted, reflected, or absorbed by
atmosphere and obstructions with material and usually cannot
move above the horizon or behind obstacles.
NLOS is Non Line-of-sight.
Load
A device that consumes electrical power.
Lux
The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous
emittance. It is used in photometry as a measure of the apparent
intensity of light hitting or passing through a surface.
Means…
MHz
Megahertz is the same as 1,000,000 Hz
mW
Milliwatt - The milliwatt (symbol: mW) is equal to one
thousandth (10–3) of a watt.
MPEG
Moving Pictures Experts Group.
Modulation
To change the output of a transmitter in amplitude, phase or
frequency in accordance with the information to be transmitted.
Data is superimposed on a carrier current or wave by means of a
procedure called modulation. Signal modulation can be done in
one of two ways: analogue and digital. In recent years, digital
modulation has been getting more usual, while analogue
modulation methods have been used less. There continues to be
plenty of analogue signals around, but, and they will probably not
become totally extinct.
Multicast
Multicasting is sending data from a sender to multiple receivers
where each receiver signals that they want to receive the data.
Means…
nm
A nanometre (American spelling: nanometer; symbol nm) is a
unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a
metre (i.e., 10-9 m or one millionth of a millimetre).
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Means…
NMEA 0183
NMEA 0183 is a combined electrical and data specification for
communication between marine electronic devices such as echo
sounder, sonar, anemometer, gyrocompass, autopilot, GPS
receivers and many other types of instruments. It has been
specified by, and is controlled by, the U.S.-based National Marine
Electronics Association.
NTSC
National Television Systems Committee.
Noise
Random pulses of electromagnetic energy generated by lightening
or electrical equipment.
Means…
Omni directional
antenna
An antenna radiation pattern that shows the same radiation in all
horizontal directions.
Oscillation
A periodic, repetitive movement or set of values (voltage, current,
velocity).
Means…
PAL
Phase Alternate Line.
PIR
Passive Infra-Red sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device
that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field
of view.
PTZ
Pan, Tilt and Zoom – PTZ is a usual description of controllable
cameras.
Propagation
A phenomenon by which a wave moves from one point to a
second point; the movement of electromagnetic waves through
space or along a transmission line.
Means…
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying.
Means…
RF
Radio Frequency.
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Means…
RTSP
Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is a network
control protocol designed for operation in entertainment and
communications systems to control streaming media servers. The
protocol is used for establishing and controlling media sessions
between end points. Clients of media servers issue VCR-like
commands, such as play and pause, to let real-time control of
playback of media files from the server.
Rx
Receiver, an electronic device that changes a radio signal from a
transmitter into useful information.
Radiate
To transmit RF energy.
Radio Frequency
Frequency of electrical energy capable of propagation into space
(usually above 20kHz). Also called RF.
Means…
SNR
Signal to Noise Ratio is an electrical engineering measurement
specified as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power
corrupting the signal.
Signal-to-noise ratio compares the level of a desired signal (such
as music) to the level of background noise. The higher the ratio,
the less obtrusive the background noise is.
Shannon Limit
The Shannon limit or Shannon capacity of a communications
channel is the theoretical maximum information transfer rate of
the channel, for a noise level.
Signal
In electronics, a signal is an electrical current or electromagnetic
field used to send data from one area to a second area. The
simplest type of signal is a direct current (DC) that is switched on
and off; this is the principle by which the earliest telegraph
worked. More complex signals consist of an alternating-current
(AC) or electromagnetic carrier that contains one or more data
streams.
Streaming
Streaming is the transmission of digital audio or video or the
listening and viewing of such data without first storing it.
Means…
Tx
A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the aid
of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as
radio, television, or other telecommunications.
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Means…
TNC
The TNC (threaded Neill-Concelman) connector is a
threaded version of the BNC connector. The connector has a 50 Ω
impedance and operates best in the 0–11 GHz frequency
spectrum.
Transport Stream
(TS)
Transport streams: These streams can contain some MPEG-2
content channels and related audio. All the channels are
multiplexed together, letting the receiver select which to play
back.
Means…
UDP
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Sometimes called fire and
forget because there is no dialog between the sender and
receiver. If the receiver does not receive a packet, the sender will
not know. But, UDP is very satisfactory when there is a small risk
of errors (like in your LAN), or when TCP can give "too late"
delivery.
USB
Universal Serial Bus.
UVMS
Universal Video Management System, a network video
recorder storage solution from BAE Systems. Gives full archiving
coupled with live and retrospective viewing.
Unicast
Unicast is simply sending packets from one source to one
destination. For example, from one web server to one (or each)
person viewing a page on a web browser.
Means…
VHF
Very High Frequency – 30 MHz to 300 MHz
Volt.
Viterbi Decoder
A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bit
stream that has been encoded using forward error correction
based on a Convolutional code.
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Means…
Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is a derived unit of power in the
International System of Units (SI). It measures rate of energy
conversion. One watt is equivalent to 1 joule (J) of energy per
second.
Waveform
Signal shape.
Waveguide
A specially formed hollow metal tube, usually rectangular in shape
in cross section, used to connect a High Power amplifier to the
antenna.
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