EM Solutions 274H ETHERMUX TDMA User Manual Appendix H

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274H User Manual HTML Version

Appendix H TDMA user manual

FCC ID: W3E-274H

EMC Technologies Pty Ltd – 176 Harrick Road, Keilor Park, VIC 3042 Australia

www.emctech.com.au

EMC Technologies Report Number: M081041_Cert_TDMA_ETHERMUX

APPENDIX H

TDMA USER MANUAL

EtherMux®

TDMA

Installation &

Commissioning

Manual

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 2 of 59

INFORMATION.............................................................................................................................................................5

Copyright.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Symbols ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Safety...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Product Warranty ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Customer Support................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5

Contact Details ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................7

COMPLIANCE NOTICE..............................................................................................................................................7

EMR Compliance Statement SC40804...............................................................................................................................................................................................................8

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

Standard Levels of Exposure ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

EM Solutions Equipment ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

Class Licence Equipment..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

Licence Equipment........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

Safety Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

ETHERMUX® TDMA.................................................................................................................................................10

Product Features................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Specifications ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Radio ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10

Modem.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

MAC and Networking.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

Management and Hardware ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

TDM Interfaces E1/T1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

Interface.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR ETHERMUX® TDMA TERMINAL .................................................12

Overview ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Unpacking EtherMux® TDMA Terminals.......................................................................................................................................................................................................12

TDMA Terminal .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Antenna (optional) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Installing EtherMux® TDMA Terminal...........................................................................................................................................................................................................13

Equipment Required....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13

Cables Required ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13

Mounting the TDMA Indoor Terminal.......................................................................................................................................................................................................13

TDMA Indoor Terminal Front and Rear Panels.........................................................................................................................................................................................14

Mounting the TDMA Outdoor Terminal ....................................................................................................................................................................................................14

TDMA Outdoor Terminal ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

E1 Outdoor Cable Connector......................................................................................................................................................................................................................18

Installing EtherMux® TDMA Antenna............................................................................................................................................................................................................19

Checking Antenna Polarisation...................................................................................................................................................................................................................19

Antenna alignment ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19

Commissioning the EtherMux® TDMA Network ...........................................................................................................................................................................................20

What You Will Need to Commission the EtherMux® Network................................................................................................................................................................20

How to Commissioning the Radio Network...............................................................................................................................................................................................20

Pre-configuring terminals in workshop ......................................................................................................................................................................................................20

Base Station Installation..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................20

Subscriber Installation.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20

Confirming Network Performance .............................................................................................................................................................................................................21

TDMA Terminal Front Panel Display ........................................................................................................................................................................................................21

Connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal .............................................................................................................................................................................................22

What You Will Need...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22

Configuring your PC ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22

Windows XP: Setting a static IP address....................................................................................................................................................................................................22

Configure IP Address and Password...........................................................................................................................................................................................................24

Web Based Management...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

Connecting to the Web Interface ................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

Logging In ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

Navigating the Web Interface .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

Basestation: Per-Subscriber Status .............................................................................................................................................................................................................27

Statistics and Counters ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

Updating Configuration ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

Users............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

User Levels..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

Auto Refresh ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

Modem Variables ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28

Basic Configuration of the EtherMux® TDMA Terminals .............................................................................................................................................................................29

Configuring the Base Station ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................29

Steps to configure the base station:.............................................................................................................................................................................................................29

Configuring the Subscriber Station.............................................................................................................................................................................................................31

To configure the subscriber station:............................................................................................................................................................................................................31

Basestation Configuration – Adding Subscribers.......................................................................................................................................................................................34

Configuration Backup .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35

Why take configuration backups?...............................................................................................................................................................................................................35

EtherMux® TDMA

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Downloading a configuration backup.........................................................................................................................................................................................................35

Restoring a previously downloaded configuration backup ........................................................................................................................................................................35

What settings are included in the backup?..................................................................................................................................................................................................35

Restoring factory default settings ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................35

Subscribers ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

The Modem configuration options..............................................................................................................................................................................................................36

The RF configuration option.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

Configuration ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

Transmit Power Control ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

Local Mode .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

Remote Mode ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

Manual Mode ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

Alarms ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

Alarm Configuration ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

Alarm Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

Alarm Status ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

Clearing Alarms ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

SNMP ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

MIBs............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

Community String .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

SNMP Traps ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................40

SNMP Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41

Traffic Management..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43

Broadcast (Enable / Disable).......................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

Multicast (Enable / Disable) .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

Private Address (Enable / Disable) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................44

Flow Control (Enable / Disable) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

MAC Learning (Enable / Disable)..............................................................................................................................................................................................................44

LAN MAC Learning (Enable / Disable).....................................................................................................................................................................................................44

Retransmit (Enable / Disable) .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

WAN Local Receive ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

Firmware upgrade .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................45

Firmware Images.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................45

Obtaining Firmware Images........................................................................................................................................................................................................................45

How to upgrade ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................45

Configuration Changes................................................................................................................................................................................................................................45

Upgrading multiple devices in a link..........................................................................................................................................................................................................45

Connection Recovery ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46

The Subscriber.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46

The Basestation ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46

Initial Setup .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46

Firmware Upgrade ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................46

Basestation Synchronization and GPS Overview .............................................................................................................................................................................................47

Basestation Synchronization .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................47

GPS Synchronization ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47

Operation in Typical Configuration............................................................................................................................................................................................................47

Master basestation .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47

Slave basestations........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48

Failure Handling..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48

Operation in Other Configurations .............................................................................................................................................................................................................48

Installation Notes.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48

BS Synchronization.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49

Lock to GPS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49

Mute if Not Synched ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49

Status and Alarms .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50

Co-location with basesations from other manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................................................50

Deployment Scenarios ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51

Point-to-Point mode ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51

ISP mode .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51

Private Network mode.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51

Repeater mode.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51

In-Band Anti-Interference.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................52

Optional E1........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53

Supported Configurations ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................53

Requirements...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53

Testing .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55

Trouble Shooting...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55

EtherMux® TDMA

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APPENDIX A: ..............................................................................................................................................................56

FCC COMPLIANCE – 01-274H (3650-3675MHZ ODU) ONLY............................................................................56

FCC INTERFERENCE STATEMENT............................................................................................................................................................................................................56

RF Radiation Exposure Statement ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................56

FCC Transmitter Power Settings for EMS nominated Antennas:....................................................................................................................................................................57

Calculation for EIRP (Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power) – RMS value .......................................................................................................................................57

Determining the Maximum TX power setting for Local Power Control ...................................................................................................................................................57

Antenna Models ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58

FCC Identification Labels ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................59

EtherMux® TDMA

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Information

The information contained in this manual is liable to change without notice. New editions are complete re-issues.

EtherMux ® is the trade name for EM Solutions Modem Unit.

Additional or new product features may not appear please contact EM Solutions for new details or updates.

Symbols

The following symbols are used in all EM Solutions’ EtherMux® manuals.

Note provides additional information about a topic or a particular condition

Caution indicates a procedure that must be observed to ensure correct equipment performance or compliance

to warranty.

Warning indicates a procedure that must be observed to avoid death or serious injury

Safety

This product has been designed and tested to ensure compliance with safety requirements. Before installing and operating this

product verify that the correct safety precautions have been taken. Warnings are given throughout the manual.

Adjustment and routine maintenance procedures should only be performed by trained service personnel and only when another

person capable of administering first aid is present. Do not install unauthorised parts or perform unauthorised modifications.

Product Warranty

This EM Solutions’ product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years from the date

of shipment. During the warranty period EM Solutions, at its option, will repair or replace products that prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, the product must be returned to the EM Solutions Brisbane address. Within Australia, the

Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to EM Solutions and EM Solutions shall pay shipping charges to return the product to the

Buyer.

EM Solutions warrants the software and firmware supplied with a product will execute its programming instructions when

properly installed in that product.

This warranty does not extend to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Buyer, unauthorised

modification or misuse and operation outside the environment specifications for the product or improper site preparation or

maintenance.

EM Solutions shall in no event be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages in connection

with or arising out of this warranty.

Customer Support

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for EM Solutions’ products.

For any assistance, contact EM Solutions. Contact details are as follows.

In the event of experiencing difficulties with any of EM Solutions’ product, it is recommended if the product has been

purchased through a reseller to initially contact the reseller. For further information regarding customer support please contact

EM Solutions

Caution

Warning

Note

EtherMux® TDMA

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Contact Details

EM Solutions Pty Ltd

101 Hyde Rd

Yeronga, Brisbane

Qld Australia 4104

Phone: +61 7 3392 7600

Fax: +61 7 3392 6400

Email: info@emsolutions.com.au

link.maintenance@emsolutions.com.au

Web: www.emsolutions.com.au

ABN: 33 082 157 846

EtherMux® TDMA

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Introduction

The Installation and Commissioning Manual has been designed to assist customers to understand, implement and configure

EM Solutions’ microwave link products.

EM Solutions’ products consist of a range of microwave link Wide Area Networking (WAN) solutions designed for reliability,

flexibility and quality. Products described in this manual include Links for the transfer of Data between two structures

separated by a direct line of sight.

Compliance Notice

EM Solutions’ Link products meet the requirements of the Australian Radiocommunications Act 1992.

ETSI EN 301 021, Type D (64QAM), Type B (16QAM), Type A (QPSK)

EMI Emissions AS/NZ 3548

FCC Part 15 Section 90, Subpart Z Compliance – 01-274H (3650-3675MHz ODU) only

EtherMux® TDMA

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EMR Compliance Statement SC40804

Introduction

The ACMA has prepared a policy statement on ‘EMR Exposure Standards: Information for Manufacturers and Importers. See

the following URL: http://www.acma.gov.au and then look under consumer and community advice, EMR and safety.

This statement refers to the Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation—Human Exposure) Standard 2003 – published

by Australian Communications Media Authority as the reference standard. This EMR Statement has been prepared by EM

Solutions, and complies to the requirements the above mentioned Standard.

See Appendix A for FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement (3.65 GHz band).

Standard Levels of Exposure

The maximum exposure level depends on the frequency, the class of person involved (e.g. RF worker, general public) and the

duration of the signal (e.g. Pulse, essentially constant with time). For this report, the frequency range is 2 – 300 GHz, and the

most conservative specifications (general public, long term exposure) have been selected for analysis.

The intensity levels of an electromagnetic field have more recently been defined in terms of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

which is the power in watts absorbed by a biological entity or part thereof per kilogram. The measurement of SAR involves

specialised techniques and provided that the distances from the antenna are greater than 200mm then the more readily

measured or calculated electromagnetic field intensity can be used. This will be the case for EM Solutions equipment.

The maximum field intensity is 10 W/m2, considerably less than the 50 W/m2 for instantaneous signals. This is specified in

Chapter 2 of the ARPANSA document.

EM Solutions Equipment

EM Solutions supplies equipment in the 2 – 20 GHz range. The equipment is offered in a low power ‘Class Licence’ band as

well as in a higher power licence band.

As well as the power level, it is also necessary to consider the type of antenna being used. A small antenna aperture (e.g. at the

open end of a waveguide) may supply a higher field intensity at considerably lower power levels than a high power signal

when diffused over a large antenna aperture.

Two types of antennas are considered.

One is a low gain planar antenna. In this antenna the electromagnetic field is spread over the face of the antenna. Although the

planar antenna can be used only with low power levels (in the Class Licence band) in principle it is possible for a person to

stand directly in front of the antenna if it is mounted, for example, at a low height above a roof. Consequently, the intensity

level directly in front of such a planar antenna should be known.

With parabolic reflector antennas, the maximum field strength is directly in front of the reflector feed antenna, that is, between

the feed and reflector but immediately adjacent to the feed. However, it would demand considerable skill and flexibility to

place any part of the body, except the hands, between the parabolic reflector and the feed horn.

Class Licence Equipment

At 10.5 GHz Class Licence equipment has a maximum Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of 20 dBm. Thus, if the

antenna gain is 20 dB, the maximum allowable transmit power is 0 dBm (1mW). This effectively limits the maximum power

that can be transmitted. EM Solutions utilise planar antennas with a minimum gain of 8 dB for certain applications. The

transmit power in this case is 12 dBm (16 mW).

The field intensity immediately in front of such an antenna is approximately 20 W/m2. At 50 mm or more from the front of

the antenna the field strength is less than 10 W/m2.

When supplied with a higher gain antenna, the allowable transmitter power is reduced. For example, with a 600 mm (gain ~

33 dB) antenna, the maximum transmit power will be – 13 dBm (.05 mW) so that the highest field strength just in front of the

antenna feed is less than 0.2 W/m2. This is well below the specified 10 W/m2.

For 5.8GHz equipment supplied by EM Solutions the maximum EIRP is 36dBm or 4W. In this case the minimum distance that

a person should be from the antenna is 2m. This applies to all antenna types used by EM Solutions for 5.8GHz systems.

EtherMux® TDMA

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Licence Equipment

EM Solutions supplies Licence equipment in the 3GHz to 18GHz bands with typical maximum power levels of 33 dBm (2W)

at the antenna port.

The appropriate field intensities at various positions with respect to this antenna are:

Site 1: Immediately in front of feed: 1300 W/m2

Site 2: In front of reflector (behind feed horn) ~ 2 W/m2

Site 3: > 1 m from antenna ~ 0.5 W/m2

EM Solutions may supply a higher power transmitter at a power level of 3 W (approximately 8 times the power level of the

400 mW transmitter). In this case, a person would have to stand about 1 m or more from the antenna to be within a field

intensity of less than 10 W/m2.

Safety Summary

For Class Licence 10.5GHz equipment with planar (flat) antennas, personnel should not stand closer than 100 mm to the planar

antenna.

For Class Licence 5.8GHz equipment with planar or parabolic antennas, personnel should not stand closer than 2m from the

front of the antenna. Around the back of a pole mounted antenna, this minimum distance can be 250mm;at the sides of the

antenna the recommended minimum distance is 500mm.

For medium power Licence equipment, personnel must keep any part of their body away from the front of the feed horn and

should not be closer to the antennas than the feed position.

For higher power equipment (PRX ~ 3 W), personnel must not stand closer than 1 metre from the front of the antenna to be

within a field intensity of less than 10 W/m2.

If the antenna type, frequency of operation and power level are not known then provided the minimum distance to the antenna

is not less than 2m, all microwave links supplied by EM Solutions will have field strengths below 10W/m2.

See Appendix A for FCC RF radiation safe operating distance (3.65 GHz band).

EtherMux® TDMA

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EtherMux® TDMA

Product Features

• Data Rates up to 100Mbps in 25MHz Channel

• Frequency Bands of 3.4 to 3.7GHz

3.7 to 4.0GHz

3.650 to 3.675GHz (FCC Part 90 Subpart Z for WISPs)

5.47 to 5.85GHz

• Channel Widths 6.25, 10, 12.5, 20 and 25MHz (Software Selectable)

• Tx Power +23dBm Standard Power (+27dBm in QPSK Mode)

+33dBm High Power (+37dBm in QPSK Mode)

+20dBm Standard Power (5GHz only)

• TDM Options 2 or 4E1/T1 (PTP) or 2 x 2E1/T1 (PTMP)

• Mechanical Options All Indoor and all Outdoor

• Architecture based on IEEE 802.16d-2004 Standard

Specifications

Radio

Frequency Range: 3.4 to 3.7GHz

3.7 to 4.0GHz

3.650 to 3.675GHz (FCC Part 90 Subpart Z for WISPs)

5.47 to 5.85GHz

Channel Sizes: 6.25, 10, 12.5, 20 and 25MHz (Software Selectable)

Centre Frequency Step Size: 125kHz

Configuration: Time Division Duplexing (TDD)

Synchronisation: GPS and Base Station

RF Power at Antenna Port: +23dBm Standard Power (+27dBm in QPSK Mode)

+33dBm High Power (+37dBm in QPSK Mode)

+20dBm Standard Power (5 GHz only)

Receiver Threshold at Antenna for BER = 1E-6 for 25MHz channel.

Modulation Threshold (dBm)

25MHz Channel (1)

QPSK-1/2+RS -86

QPSK-3/4+RS -84

16QAM-1/2+RS -81

16QAM-3/4+RS -77

64QAM-3/4+RS -71

64QAM+RS -68

Threshold is improved as follows for different channels:

6dB for 6.25MHz and 3dB for 12.5MHz Channel

4dB for 10MHz and 1dB for 20MHz Channel

(i.e. 64QAM+RS is -74dBm for a 6.25 MHz Channel)

Note

EtherMux® TDMA

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Modem

Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM

Coding: Convolutional and Reed-Solomon

Data Rates (1):

For 64QAM + RS Subscribers 6.25 MHz Channel

Mbps

12.5 MHz Channel

Mbps

25 MHz Channel

Mbps

1 22 48 100

Aggregate Ethernet 5 20 46 98

Capacity 10 17 43 95

15 14 40 92

(1) Table shows maximum capacities for 64QAM Reed-Solomon

(2) Aggregate Ethernet capacity is the total Ethernet bit rate (MAC layer) that can be supported by the PTMP

network.

MAC and Networking

Networking: Layer-2 Switching, Supports Jumbo Ethernet Frames up to 4000 bytes.

MAC: TDD, TDMA, Adaptive Modulation, Packet Convergence Sub-layer Mode

Configurable Bandwidth Allocation (between Up/Down Links & Subscribers)

Latency: 12ms Max. Each Direction for 5ms Frame Duration

Management and Hardware

Network Management: SNMP V1, V2c, Std/Private MIBs

HTTP, CLI (Telnet, Serial)

Connections: 10/100Base Tx, RJ45, RS232 D9(f)

Mechanical: 1RU x 350mm Deep, IP51

Temperature: -10 to +60°C

Power: 110 – 240V AC 50/60Hz, 48V DC

Power Consumption: 30W Standard, 80W High Power

Aux Serial Channel: RS232 D9(f) (Configurable for customer)

External Control Port: High Density D15(f)

(Antenna Controller Options)

GPS/Base Station GPS Clock Signal Input, Configurable sync timing parameters for

Interoperability with other manufacturer’s Base Stations

Synchronisation: Master/ Slave Configuration

TDM Interfaces E1/T1

TDM Options: E1 to E1 (PTP) 2 or 4 E1

T1 to T1 (PTP) 2 or 4 T1

E1 to E1 (PTMP) 2 x 2E1

T1 to T1 (PTMP) 2 x 2T1

(i.e. 2 Subscribers with 2E1/2T1)

Interface

Connectors: RJ48C

Jitter: ITU-T G.823, G.824

Framing: Unframed, ITU-T G.703

Bit Rate / E1 Interface: 2.048Mbps Full Duplex

Bit Rate / T1 Interface: 1.544Mbps Full Duplex

Note

EtherMux® TDMA

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Installation Instructions for EtherMux® TDMA Terminal

These instructions provide the steps to be followed when installing an EtherMux® TDMA product.

Before continuing read the Information Section, of this manual.

It is advised that the configuration of the EtherMux® TDMA terminals should be done in the factory

prior to installation.

Overview

Unpacking EtherMux® TDMA Terminals

Installing EtherMux® TDMA Terminal

Installing EtherMux® TDMA Antenna

Commissioning the EtherMux® TDMA Network

Connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal

Web Based Management

Configuring the EtherMux® TDMA Terminals

Subscribers

Alarms

SNMP

Configuration Backup

Traffic Management

Firmware Upgrade

Connection Recovery

Basestation Synchronization and GPS overview

Deployment Scenarios

In-Band Anti-Interference

Trouble Shooting

Unpacking EtherMux® TDMA Terminals

An EtherMux® TDMA link generally consists of two terminals, Base Station and Subscriber.

TDMA Terminal

Each Terminal consists of the following items:

1 x TDMA Terminal (Indoor or Outdoor)

1 x Configuration Sheet (optional)

1 x Rack mount Kit (Indoor unit only)

1 x Pole mount kit (Outdoor unit only)

1 x Surge Protector (Indoor unit only)

1 x power cable

1 x Power/Ethernet/Surge distribution unit (Outdoor unit only)

1 x manual CD (Basestation only)

Antenna (optional)

Box containing

1 x antenna

1 x antenna mounting brackets

Ensure the link has adequate lightning protection.

Caution

Warning

Note

EtherMux® TDMA

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Installing EtherMux® TDMA Terminal

Equipment Required

1. Hardware to mount EtherMux® TDMA Terminal into cabinet/equipment rack or tower.

2. Screwdrivers/spanners to do the above.

3. If utilising the DC power supply input – flat blade screwdriver.

Cables Required

LAN Cable – Not supplied as part of the Link.

1. Recommend using either Cat 5/6 data cable (Indoor Unit)

2. Shielded Cat 5/6 data cable (Outdoor Terminal).

DC Cable – Not supplied as part of the Link.

1. Recommend using either LDF4.5-50, RG213 or equivalent coax cable for DC supply to Outdoor

Unit.

2. Ensure adequate grounding of coax cable for lightning protection.

RF/Antenna Cable – Not supplied as part of the Link.

1. Recommend using either LDF4.5-50 or equivalent.

2. Recommend straight N-Type connector for the Antenna end and a right angle N-Type connector for

the Terminal end.

3. On sites with other high power transmitters present, the cable should be fitted with grounding kits.

Mounting the TDMA Indoor Terminal

On sites that have other high power transmitters present, it is highly recommended that the

EtherMux® TDMA unit is installed in a cabinet that provides a good RF seal, to prevent exposure to

excessive EMI.

1. Insert the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal into the rack.

a. Ensure there is adequate ventilation space above and below the TDMA Terminal. The terminal has a

small cooling fan but also relies on convective cooling.

b. Allow one unit height of clear space above and below it.

c. Ensure there is no major heat source below the unit i.e. other equipment that runs hot.

d. Ensure that the ambient temperature around the TDMA unit does not go outside of its specifications.

e. If the unit is mounted in a cabinet in the open, ensure that the cabinet is adequately ventilated.

Especially if the cabinet is subjected to insulation.

2. Make a ground connection to the ground lug on the back of the unit.

3. Connect antenna.

4. Connect up power source –

a. Use either 100-120Vac or 200-240Vac through the “AC Input” connector on the back panel

b. Or a floating 48VDC on the “DC Input” connector on the back panel.

Caution

EtherMux® TDMA

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TDMA Indoor Terminal Front and Rear Panels

Front Panel Layout of EtherMux® TDMA Indoor Terminal

Rear Panel Layout of EtherMux® TDMA Indoor Terminal

Mounting the TDMA Outdoor Terminal

On sites that have other high power transmitters present, it is highly recommended that the

EtherMux® TDMA outdoor unit be located in a suitable location to prevent exposure to excessive

EMI.

1. Mount the EtherMux® TDMA outdoor Terminal onto suitable location using mounting bracket supplied.

a. Ensure that all connectors are facing down.

b. Ensure there is no major heat source near the unit.

c. If the outdoor Terminal is mounted in a cabinet in the open, ensure that the cabinet is adequately

ventilated. Especially if the cabinet is subjected to insulation.

2. Make a ground connection to the ground lug on the bottom of the Terminal.

3. Connect the antenna.

4. Use the AC Power/Ethernet/ Surge distribution box supplied to connect DC power to the outdoor terminal

via the coax cable.

Alternatively an external -48VDC (positive earth) can be used via the distribution box or directly to the

terminal.

5. Connect LAN cable.

Please refer to following diagram for typical installation.

Caution

Note

EtherMux® TDMA

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EtherMux® TDMA

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Typical Installation Diagram

TDMA Outdoor Terminal

Mounting orientation of EtherMux® TDMA Outdoor Terminal

Mounting Bracket for the EtherMux® TDMA Outdoor Terminal

EtherMux® TDMA

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Connections to the EtherMux® TDMA Outdoor Terminal

Power/Ethernet and surge distribution box

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Power/Ethernet and surge distribution box connections

E1 Outdoor Cable Connector

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Installing EtherMux® TDMA Antenna

The following are only examples and may vary depending on the particular antennas supplied.

Checking Antenna Polarisation

Verify that the antenna polarisation at both ends of the Link is the same.

1. For vertical polarisation mount gooseneck in line with the antenna grid pack with hook facing up as shown in

below.

2. For horizontal polarisation mount gooseneck and antenna grid pack have to be rotated 90° with hook either

left or right horizontal to the ground as shown below.

3. Provided the polarisation between the links is aligned to within ± 15°, then the effect of polarisation

misalignment on the received power level is not significant.

Antenna alignment

The following checks should be performed in sequence.

1. Point each Antenna in the approximate direction required. Torque the bolts that fasten the mounting bracket

to the pole, but leave all other bolts loosely connected until final alignment of the Link is completed.

2. Using visual means (eye’s, binoculars, etc), align the antenna’s as best as possible.

a. It may be helpful to use sunlight reflection of a mirror at each end to obtain the approximate direction

to point the Antenna.

b. Ensure that there are no obstructions in the line of sight path. Obstructions compromise signal quality.

3. Connect the antenna and EtherMux® TDMA Terminal together – See “Installation Instructions Section” for

details of how to do this.

4. Apply power to the TDMA Terminal.

5. Carry out the above procedures at both ends of the link.

6. The only way to monitor the receiver level is after the Terminals have achieved Lock and you are connected

to the Terminal.

7. Then adjust antenna orientation to maximise the received power at both ends.

Vertical

Polarisation

Horizontal

Polarisation

Note

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Commissioning the EtherMux® TDMA Network

What You Will Need to Commission the EtherMux® Network

The following items are needed to perform Link commissioning:

1. Laptop with 100 Base-T port

2. Ethernet cross-over cable

How to Commissioning the Radio Network

Commissioning normally follows the following process:

1. Pre-configure terminals in workshop

2. Install Basestation and turn on power.

3. For each Subscriber

• Install Subscriber and turn on power.

• Adjust antenna alignment, if required.

• Confirm connection to Basestation

4. Confirm network performs as expected.

Before starting this process, ensure that you have a network plan, or summary, containing the following information:

z Configuration settings for each terminal

z Compass bearings for each antenna

z Expected transmit and receive powers

The commissioning steps are explained in the following sections.

Pre-configuring terminals in workshop

Refer to section “Basic Configuration of the EtherMux® TDMA Terminals”

Base Station Installation

1. Install the Basestation terminal, antenna(s) and RF cabling. Figure 1 illustrates a typical installation.

2. Align antenna(s) using compass and spirit-level

3. Apply power to Basestation.

4. Confirm that the Basestation is operating by observing the Mode LED. After the boot sequence completes, the Mode

LED should flash at a moderate rate.

5. [Optional step] Connect a laptop to the Basestation and confirm its configuration.

Subscriber Installation

1. Install the Subscriber terminal, antenna(s) and RF cabling. Figure 1 illustrates a typical installation.

2. Align antenna using compass and spirit-level

3. Apply power to Subscriber.

4. Observe the Mode LED. After the boot sequence completes, the Mode LED should flash at a moderate rate, to

indicate it is trying to connect to the Basestation.

5. The Mode LED should flash slowly once the Subscriber has successfully connected to the Basestation. If this doesn't

happen, please consult the Trouble Shooting section “Subscriber doesn't connect.”

6. View the Subscriber's “Status” web page. Check that

• Link Status reports “Connected to Basestation”

• RX Power estimate agrees with expected receive power.

7. Align antenna(s) if RX power is too low.

8. Confirm connection to Basestation by browsing the webpage of the Basestation. Do this by typing the Basestation's

IP address into your browser's address window.

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Confirming Network Performance

Network performance testing is highly dependant on the type and complexity of the network. In general, it contains the

following steps:

z Confirm all Subscribers are connected at the expected modulation

z Confirm all transmit and receive powers are close to the expected powers.

z Connect a host to the Basestation and try to ping all Subscribers to confirm connectivity and check latency.

z Check capacity to each subscriber using specialist test equipment or software. Note that throughput on a single TCP

connection (eg whilst performing a file transfer) may be limited by TCP window size and latency.

Figure 1.

TDMA Terminal Front Panel Display

The front panel LED display of the TDMA terminal presents a summary of the link’s status. The LEDs are arranged in

two columns. At power-up most of the LEDs illuminate for a few seconds as the EtherMux® TDMA configures itself.

LED Name Colour Meaning when illuminated

Mode Green When rebooting flashes fast

Flashes slow when Link is in normal operation

WAN Rx Orange Indicates Ethernet data is being received across the radio from the remote end of

the link.

BER Alarm Red Indicates that the bit error rate (BER) across the link is exceeding 10E-6.

Alarm Red Indicates that there is, or might soon be, a problem with the link that will affect

its performance.

Power Green Indicates that the power supply is connected

Link Integrity Green Indicates a 100Base-TX Ethernet connection to the Data Port of the EtherMux®

TDMA.

SPEED Green Indicates 100Mb/s

DUPLEX Green Indicates Full Duplex.

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Connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal

What You Will Need

The following items are needed when connecting to the Terminal.

1. Laptop with 100 Base-T port

2. Ethernet cross-over cable

It is advised that the configuration of the EtherMux® TDMA terminals should be done in the factory

prior to installation.

Configuring your PC

Configuring the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal involves using the Web Browser of your PC to connect to the web interface on

the EtherMux® TDMA.

The EtherMux® TDMA Terminal ships with the following initial settings of:

• IP Address: 10.0.0.254

• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

• User Name: install

• Password: %!install

In order to initially access the Web Interface, you will need to configure the IP address of your PC to an address on this subnet.

The address 10.0.0.1 is probably a good choice, however any unused address on that subnet will do.

The following section explains how to set a static IP address for Windows XP. Follow a similar process for other operating

systems.

If the IP Address is unknown it can be read via the serial port on reboot using Hyper Terminal.

Open a Hyper Terminal session and connect to the serial port of the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal.

Use the following settings.

Bits per Second - 115200

Data Bits - 8

Parity - None

Stop Bits - 1

Flow Control - None

Windows XP: Setting a static IP address

To set a static IP address:

1. Open Windows Start menu.

2. Open Control Panel.

3. Classic view: Open Network Connections

Category view: Select Network and Internet Connections, and then Network Connections.

4. Double-click on your active LAN or Internet connection.

5. Click Properties.

This opens the Local Area Connections Properties window.

Note

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In the General tab, highlight the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) item, and click Properties.

This opens the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.

7. In the General tab, click Use the following IP address, and enter:

• IP address. 10.0.0.1 (or the other address you chose)

• Subnet mask. 255.255.255.0

• Default gateway. Leave blank, or set to 10.0.0.254

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8. Click OK.

9. Click OK to close each window.

Ensure that the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal is powered on and connected to the same network as your PC, either directly via

an Ethernet cross-over cable, or via a switch or hub.

Open your web browser and type the following into the address bar:

http://10.0.0.254/

You should be presented with the following web page and click on ‘Please log in’.

Configure IP Address and Password

First you will need to set a new password for the install user.

1. Select the Users option from the SYSTEM menu on the left.

2. Enter ‘install’ as the Username and ‘%!install’ as the password and press Login.

3. You will be presented with the following screen:

4. Press Edit beside the user name ‘install’.

5. Enter a new password (twice) for the install user and press Submit.

6. Now press Logout and login again as ‘install’ with the new password.

Next you will need to set the new IP address.

1. Select the Management option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left.

2. Enter the new IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway and press Update All.

3. Confirm that you want to do this by pressing OK at the popup.

4. The new IP address takes effect immediately, so you will need to reset the IP address on your PC to be on the same

network as the device. Follow the procedure above to do this.

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Once you have done this, you can reconnect to the EtherMux®-TDMA device with your web browser by once again typing the

following into the address bar:

http://w.x.y.z/

Where w.x.y.z is the new IP address you assigned to the device.

At this point you are ready to fully configure the device.

Web Based Management

The EtherMux®-TDMA is a sophisticated device with a large number of configuration settings and status variables.

In order to provide access to these settings and status, as well as features such as configuration backup/restore and firmware

upgrades, the EtherMux®-TDMA presents a Web-based management interface.

This web interface is accessible from any network-connected computer running a modern web browser such as Internet

Explorer, Firefox or Safari.

Connecting to the Web Interface

The EtherMux®-TDMA device should be configured according to (see connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal).

Assuming that the IP address of the device is x.y.z.w, connect to the Web (Refer “Connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA

Terminal”) Interface by pointing your web browser to http://x.y.z.w/

You will be presented with the following page from which you can login.

Logging In

Unless another user has been created, login as either install or admin.

See the Quick Install Guide for default passwords.

You will be logged out if either the device reboots, or after 30 minutes of inactivity.

Navigating the Web Interface

The User Interfaces is divided into three main sections.

• Menus are on the left of the page, divided into three broad categories of Status, Configuration and System.

• Tabs across the top of the page (some menu items have only a single tab)

• The page contents showing status and/or configuration details.

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The Status section provides access to the current device status and read-only configuration.

The Configuration section provides access to the current device configuration which may be modified. The install user has

access to all pages, while the admin user has access only to the network-related pages.

The System section provides access to configuration and status related to the user interface as well as configuration upload and

download, firmware upgrade and support information.

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Basestation: Per-Subscriber Status

On the Basestation, various status values are specific to a particular subscriber. Where this is the case, the subscriber may be

selected via the 'Display SS' selection at the top of the page.

Status fields which are per-subscriber are identified with the current subscriber, such as (SS00).

Statistics and Counters

Various statistics and counters are maintained by the device. These include error counts, packet and byte counts and alarms.

These counts and statistics can be reset/cleared to zero with either the Clear All button to clear all fields in a section, or the

individual Clear buttons.

Updating Configuration

Configuration changes may be made by modifying text fields or selecting new values from field drop-downs.

To update a single field, use the Update button, while to update all fields in a section, use the Update All button.

Some changes require a reboot, and a popup will be displayed to indicate this.

Users

The EtherMux®-TDMA supports the creation of administrative users with different access levels.

Users are managed from the SYSTEM -> Users page.

Here users may be added, deleted or modified.

Be careful not to lose the username and password of the install user.

User Levels

There are 3 user access levels.

Standard permission

• A user with this access level may access the device status, but may not modify the device in any way.

Admin permission

A user with this access level may access the device status as well as modify a limited set of configuration

setting. This includes network, alarm and SNMP settings.

Installer permission

• A user with this access level may access the device status and change any configuration settings.

• This user may also upgrade the device firmware as well as download and upload configuration settings.

Auto Refresh

It is possible to enable auto refresh on status pages.

Navigate to SYSTEM-> Options -> Web Config where auto refresh can be enabled and the refresh interval can be set.

When this option is enabled, the web browser will automatically refresh status pages at the specified interval.

Note

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Modem Variables

Status-Modem Variables Units Description

Modem Type Number Hardware configuration number used to identify the modem board. It is read

directly from the modem board.

TDMA Modem S/N Serial number of TDMA modem board

Channel Bandwidth Operating channel width

Uplink Modn Current Current uplink modulation

Downlink Modn Current Current downlink modulation

Uplink Capacity Aggregate Measures the total capacity of the link from the basestation to the subscriber. It

counts all allocations including the maps, channel descriptors and broadcast

data.

Downlink Capacity Aggregate Total capacity allocated on the uplink. It is simply the total of all subscriber

allocations.

Uplink Capacity Measures the bandwidth allocated to a particular subscriber on the downlink.

Downlink Capacity Measures the bandwidth allocated to a particular subscriber on the uplink.

FPGA Temp mV Voltage measured from the temperature sensing diode in the FPGA.

XCF Amplitude Amplitude of cross-correlation peak in preamble processing.

CINR dB Signal Quality

CINR Max (short) dB Max Signal Quality (600 secs)

CINR Min (short) dB Min Signal Quality (600 secs)

VCXO Voltage mV Control voltage applied to reference oscillator (VCXO). In the basestation,

this is a fixed voltage. In the subscriber, this is adjusted to make the

subscriber's reference oscillator track the basestation's.

BER (15 sec) Bit error rate measured over the last 15 seconds.

PER (15 sec) Packet error rate measured over the last 15 seconds.

Errors Total Total number of errors detected in data received across radio. This includes

errors in headers, data and padding.

RS Errors Total Only visible to installer

Preambles Total Total number of preambles detected. It is the same as the total number of rf

bursts detected from other EtherMux®-TDMA terminals operating on the

same frequency. In normal operation, this will increase at the frame rate. For

example, if the frame rate is 5 ms, this number should increase by 200 every

second.

PHY RX kbytes Total Total number of bytes received across radio. Includes headers, data and

padding.

TX Burst Count Total number of bursts transmitted by terminal

Frame Count Total number of TDD frames counted. This should increase at the frame rate.

Modem +12V mV +12 V supply rail of modem board

Modem +3.3V mV +3.3 V supply rail of modem board

Modem +2.5V mV +2.5 V supply rail of modem board

Modem +1.2V mV +1.2 V supply rail of modem board

Configuration-Modem Variables Units Description

Channel Bandwidth MHz Selects the channel bandwidth. The terminal must be rebooted for this to take

effect. The available channel widths vary for different EtherMux®-TDMA

model numbers.

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Basic Configuration of the EtherMux® TDMA Terminals

Configuring the Base Station

To configure the base station, a list of basic parameters needs to be configured.

Parameter Default Value Group

Base Station YES MAC

Distance 50000 MAC

Channel Bandwidth 7 Modem

RF Frequency 3700 (or 5800) RF

Site Name Default – Site Management

Steps to configure the base station:

Refer “Connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal”

Configure MAC

• Select the MAC Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select YES from the Base Station drop down box

• Enter the distance with some margin to the furthest most Subscriber in the Distance text box

• Click Update All

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Configure Channel Bandwidth

• Select the Modem Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select the channel bandwidth from the drop down list

• Click Update All

Configure RF Frequency

• Select the RF Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Enter the Frequency into the Centre Frequency text box

• Click Update All

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Configure Site Settings

• Select the Management Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select Device Tab in the Management Configuration window

• Enter the Site Name of the device

• Click Update All

Configuring the Subscriber Station

To configure the subscriber station, a list of basic parameters needs to be configured.

Parameter Default Value Group

Base Station NO MAC

Channel Bandwidth 7 Modem

RF Frequency 3750 (or 5800) RF

Site Name Default – Site Management

To configure the subscriber station:

Refer section “Connecting to the EtherMux® TDMA Terminal”

Configure MAC

• Select the MAC Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select NO from the Base Station drop down box

• Click Update All

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Configure Channel Bandwidth

• Select the Modem Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select the channel bandwidth from the drop down list

• Click Update All

Configure RF Frequency

• Select the RF Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Enter the Frequency into the Centre Frequency text box

• Click Update All

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Configure Site Settings

• Select the Management Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select Device Tab in the Management Config window

• Enter the Site Name of the device

• Click Update All

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Basestation Configuration – Adding Subscribers

The Basestation must be configured with a list of Subscribers that are allowed to connect. Each subscriber is uniquely

identified by its MAC ID.

To configure allowed subscribers:

• Click on Subscribers in the configuration section of the navigation panel (on the left).

• Click on the Subscribers list tab.

• Add a new subscriber by filling in the entry items under Add New Subscriber.

o Enter the Subscriber’s Name

o Enter the Subscriber’s MAC ID

o Select the downlink and uplink allocation settings.

o Click Add New.

The Downlink Allocation and Uplink Allocation fields are used to distribute up/downlink times to the subscribers. These

fields can be set to any number between 1 and 20. For any two subscribers, the ratio of these numbers gives the relative

allocated up/downlink times. For example:

• Setting all subscribers to 10, results in all subscribers receiving equal time to transmit.

• Consider a three subscriber network. Setting subscriber1=5, subscriber2=10 and subscriber3=20, would result in

subscriber2 getting twice as much time as subscriber1, and subscriber3 getting twice as much time as subscriber2

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Configuration Backup

The EtherMux®-TDMA is a highly configurable device. As such, many configuration settings may be modified and stored on

the device. The EtherMux®-TDMA allows these configurations to be downloaded and saved, and then later restored either to

the same device or to a replacement device.

Why take configuration backups?

There are two general reasons to make configuration backups.

• To allow a previous configuration to be restored in the event of an incorrect change.

• To configure a replacement device in the event that a device needs to be swapped out.

Downloading a configuration backup

To download the current device configuration as a backup file, simply navigate to

Advanced->System Config in the web interface and press the Download button under Config Download.

A backup file will be downloaded to your computer named something like config_downloaded.tar.bz2

This file can be renamed as required, however the .tar.bz2 extension should be retained.

Restoring a previously downloaded configuration backup

This will overwrite all of the current setting on the device, including the IP address.

Please ensure that the appropriate configuration backup file is selected.

Navigate to Advanced->System Config in the web interface.

Select a previous configuration backup file for the 'Select Upload Package' field and press Upload.

The configuration on the device will then be updated to match the uploaded configuration backup file.

At this point, a reboot will typically be required for the configuration changes to take effect, so navigate to Advanced->Reboot

and press Reboot to reboot the device.

What settings are included in the backup?

The following settings are included in the configuration backup:

• Management/Networking settings

• MAC settings

• Modem settings

• RF settings

• Alarm settings

• Username/password settings

When replacing an existing (perhaps failed) device, then new device will have a different mac ID than

the previous device. The configuration of other devices in the link may need to be updated to reflect

the new mac ID.

Restoring factory default settings

It is also possible to restore a device to factory default settings. In this case all settings except for network settings will be

erased and reset to defaults.

This includes:

• Station: Basestation

• Centre Frequency: 3662.5MHz

• Channel Bandwidth: 6.25MHz

The device will need to be completely reconfigured after this step.

In particular, the mac ID list in the basestation would have to be updated.

Navigate to Advanced->System Config in the web interface and press the Restore Default button.

Caution

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Subscribers

In any installation, there is a single basestation and one or more subscribers connecting to it. Access to the network is granted

to a subscriber via the Subscriber configuration within the basestation.

The basestation maintains a list of subscribers which are allowed to access the network in the Subscriber List under the

Subscribers Configuration. A subscriber is uniquely identified by its MAC ID.

Through this list the user is able to add, delete or modify subscriber parameters.

Adding a new subscriber is done by clicking the Add New Subscriber Button on the web interface. Clicking this button brings

up a page where the user is able to enter a Name, MAC ID, Downlink Allocation and Uplink Allocation for the subscriber.

The MAC ID should be exactly the address provided with the subscriber.

The Downlink Allocation and Uplink allocation are ratio based values relative to other subscribers in the network. For example

a subscriber with an allocation of 20 will get twice the allocation of a subscriber with an allocation of 10.

The change button and garbage bin button are used to modify a subscriber's settings and delete a subscriber respectively.

The Per-SS Configuration page allows the user to configure advanced parameters for each subscriber individually.

For this configuration the user selects which subscriber to display from the Display SS pulldown box and presses select.

The Modem configuration options

• Uplink Adapt Mode - sets whether to have a fixed, capped or adaptive modulation on the uplink.

• Uplink Modulation (for fixed and capped modes only) - sets which modulation to use for the uplink.

• Downlink Adapt Mode - sets whether to have a fixed, capped or adaptive modulation on the downlink.

• Downlink Modulation (for fixed and capped modes only) - sets which modulation to use for the downlink.

The RF configuration option

• RX Power Target - sets the target receive power for the basestation to be receiving from that particular subscriber in

dBm.

Configuration

All subscribers configuration is contained within the Subscribers section of the Configuration area.

• Subscriber List

This is the list of the subscribers allowed to access the network.

Up to 16 subscribers may be defined and are uniquely identified by their MAC ID.

The uplink and downlink allocation for each subscriber is relative, ie a subscriber with an allocation of 20 will have double the

allocation of a subscriber with an allocation of 10.

• Per-SS Config

This is where the user is able to set advanced parameters for each subscriber.

The user selects a subscriber in the Display SS pulldown box and presses select.

The modem parameters that are configurable are the adapt mode and modulation configuration (independently for the uplink

and downlink).

In all installations unless special circumstances exist it is recommended that the mode be set to Automatic for both uplink and

downlink.

• Fixed Adaption Mode

This means that the subscriber will always transmit (for uplink) or receive (for downlink) at the modulation type specified in

the modulation configuration entry. This may be useful in paths where conditions may caused rapid fluctuations in signal

quality.

• Capped Adaption Mode

This means that the subscriber will always transmit or receive at the modulation specified in the modulation configuration or a

more robust one.

• Automatic Adaption Mode

This means that the modulation transmitted or received by the subscriber will be determined by the signal quality / strength

through communications between the basestation and subscriber. This is the recommended setting.

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The Modulation Configuration is separately settable for the uplink and downlink for the Fixed and Capped modes only. The

pulldown list is sorted in order from most robust (ie lowest bit rate / highest interference protection) to least robust modulation.

The RF configuration allows the user to select what power the signal being transmitted to the basestation should arrive at. This

is useful to prevent interference between installations by allowing incoming powers to be roughly at the same level.

Transmit Power Control

The transmit power may be controlled in one of three ways on a subscriber unit or one of two ways on a basestation unit.

These options may be selected on the CONFIGURATION->MODEM/RF Menu page.

Both the subscriber and basestation support manual and local modes, while the subscriber supports remote (basestation

controlled) mode.

These modes are explained below

Local Mode

In local mode, a target power is specified. The actual transmit power is then continuously measured and small gain adjustments

are made as necessary to keep the transmit power close to the target power.

Remote Mode

Remote mode is only available for a subscriber unit. It allows the transmit power of the subscriber to be controlled by the

basestation based on the receive power at the basestation.

This mode requires configuration on both the basestation and the subscriber.

First, for the subscriber, remote mode must be selected and maximum and minimum power limits must be specified. The

maximum limit may be important to ensure that regulatory limits are not exceeded.

Next, the receive power target must be specified in the per-subscriber section on the basestation. The basestation will then

control the subscriber to ensure that receive power at the basestation is close to the receive power target, if possible given the

minimum and maximum limits specified on the subscriber.

This mode is especially recommended for a site with multiple basestations since it helps to avoid interference at the basestation

site by keeping the subscriber power only as high as necessary, but no higher.

Before the subscriber connects to the basestation, the per-subscriber target is not available. In this

case, an unconnected subscriber will transmit at a power level approximately 3dB below the

lowest receive power target configured for any subscriber.

For example, if two subscribers are configured with receive power targets of -50dBm and -53dBm, the target receive power

during initial connection will be at approximately -56dBm for all subscribers.

Manual Mode

The manual mode is the simplest mode and should not be used in normal circumstances.

The transmit attenuation level is specified directly.

For example, specifying a transmit attenuation of 10dB would result in a transmit power of approximately 22dBm on a

standard power unit.

This value will vary from unit to unit and with other factors such as temperature. Thus one of the

other modes is recommended in almost all circumstances.

Note

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Alarms

The EtherMux®-TDMA generates alarms for system status, link status and power status which provides the diagnostic

information of the system and gives an overview of the link performance. There are two kinds of alarms in the system: major

and minor alarms. The major alarms reflect the performance of the critical parts of the system (e.g. link status, receive power

and etc.) and the minor alarms indicate the misbehaviour of some aspects of the system having potentially negative effects on

the system performance (e.g. supply rails, LO out of lock, and etc.). The system remembers which variables have been in alarm

condition, even after the alarm condition clears. These variables are highlighted in the web interface as "latched alarms".

Latched alarms persist until cleared via the web interface.

Alarm Configuration

The alarm configuration is done by setting up the alarm rules and thresholds of monitored parameters via the web interface.

To configure alarms:

• Log in as install user

• Select the Alarms Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select the tab in which there is the parameter you are going to configure

• Configure the Rule, Major Enab, Minor Enab, thresholds, Trap Src

• Click the Update button at the end to commit your setting

Pre-defined Major Alarms

Parameters Rule

(ie Generate alarm when ) Thresholds Note

Inactive SSs Count Greater than >0 BS only

Terminal Synched Is Value(s) is NO BS, Lock to GPS = YES or

BS synch = SLAVE only

GPS Locked Is Value(s) Is No BS, Lock to GPS = YES

only

Active Is Value(s) Is No SS only

CINR Less than < 10

BER (15 sec) Greater than >1e-6

External Fan Failure Is Value(s) Is YES High Power only

Pre-defined Minor Alarms

Parameters Rule

(ie Generate alarm when ) Thresholds Note

BER (15 sec) Greater than >1e-8

Modem +12V Outside range > 13200; < 10800

Modem +3.3V Outside range > 3630; < 2970

Modem +3.3VX Outside range > 3630; < 2970

Modem +2.5V Outside range > 2750; < 2250

Modem +1.2V Outside range > 1320; < 1080

RF Temp Greater than > 75

IF LO Lock Is Value(s) is NO

RF LO Lock Is Value(s) is NO

RF +12V Outside range > 13200; < 10800

RF +10V Outside range >11000; <9000 High Power only

RF +8V Outside range > 9000; < 6000

RF +5V Outside range > 5500; < 4500

RF -5V Outside range > -4000; < -6000

Internal Fan Failure Is Value(s) Is YES

External Fan Failure Is Value(s) Is YES High Power only

RX Gain Overrange Not Value(s) not OK SS Only

TPC TX Power Overrange Not Value(s) not OK SS Only

TPC TX Atten Overrange Not Value(s) not OK SS Only

Alarm Summary

To view Alarm Summary:

• Log in as install user

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• Select Status Summary Option from the STATUS menu on the left

• The Alarm Summary on the bottom of the web page shows how many alarms have been generated

Alarm Status

To view alarm status via the web interface:

• Log in as install user

• Select the Alarms Option from the STATUS menu on the left

• Select tab All, Major or Minor to view alarm status

• Select tab Historical Log to view historical log of alarms

The alarm status is shown in different colours indicating whether the alarm is a major alarm, a latched major alarm, a minor

alarm or a latched minor alarm.

For SNMP alarm traps, refer to SNMP traps section.

Clearing Alarms

Alarms and traps can be cleared via the web interface.

To clear alarms:

• Log in as install user

• There are two ways to clear the alarms

1. Navigate to STATUS->Status Summary and click Clear All button on Alarm Summary page

2. Navigate to STATUS->Alarms->All and click Clear All button.

Note

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SNMP

SNMP is implemented to remotely monitor the EtherMux®-TDMA. The following SNMP features are provided:

• SNMP v1, v2c

• Standard (including mib-2, snmpV2, net-snmp) and proprietary(ETHERMUX-TDMA) MIBs

• SNMP traps v2c

The EtherMux®-TDMA MIBs define a list of objects (parameters) that reflect the performance of all aspects of the system.

Importing the MIBs to SNMP monitoring tools allows remote monitoring of the system.

SNMP traps or notification are generated after a system reboot or when an alarm condition is present.

There are no settable parameters via SNMP. The configuration of the system is done via the web interface.

Clearing alarms results the clearing of traps.

MIBs

MIBs supported:

• ETHERMUX®-TDMA

• Standard MIBs

For detailed information, refer to http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/docs/mibs

Community String

The EtherMux®-TDMA will only respond to SNMP packets with a correct community string.

The community string for read in version 1.0 is “EMSOLUTIONS” and can’t be changed.

But in version 1.1 the community strings can be changed via CONFIGURATION->Management->SNMP->Community

Strings

SNMP Traps

The system supports the following SNMP traps

MIBs Objects OID Description

coldStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.1 An indication that the SNMP entity is

reinitializing itself and its configuration may

have been altered

SNMPv2-MIB

warmStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2 An indication that the SNMP entity is

reinitializing itself and its configuration is

unaltered

nsNotifyStart *.8072.4.0.1 An indication that the agent has started running

nsNotifyShutDown *.8072.4.0.2 An indication that the agent is in the process of

being shut down

NET-SNMP-AGENT-MIB

nsNotifyRestart *.8072.4.0.3 An indication that the agent has been restarted

NET-SNMP-TC (snmpTrapEnterprise)

linux

*.8072.3.2.10 Sent with coldStart after reboot indicating the

Operating System of the agent

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wmanPriNotifInstant

Alarms

*.10132.**.12.1.1 Instant traps

wmanPriNotifMajorA

larms

*.10132.**.12.1.2 Periodic traps

wmanPriNotifMinorA

larms

*.10132.**.12.1.3 Periodic traps

ETHERMUX-TDMA

wmanPriNotifRemind

erReset

*.10132.**.12.1.4 Reminder traps

*: 1.3.6.1.4.1, e.g. SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises

**: EtherMux®-TDMA OID = 2000 + Mib Version Number - 1

The MIB Version can be found via STATUS->Management->Device->Software->Mib Version. The Mib

Version is in the format: ETHERMUX-TDMA-Vxx.mib. (where xx: Mib Version Number).

Instant traps

• Traps are sent instantly for the specified number of times (Instant Trap Tries) at the specified time interval (Instant

Trap Interval) after the first Major Alarm is generated.

• Then no instant traps sent until users manually clear the traps.

• The trap packets contain trap OID, trap description and the object that triggered the alarm.

Periodic traps

• Traps are sent at the specified time interval (Periodic Trap Interv).

• Major alarm traps (trap OID: wmanPriNotifMajorAlarms) are generated if any latched major alarms detected.

• Minor alarm traps (trap OID: wmanPriNotifMinorAlarms) are generated if any latched minor alarms detected.

• The trap packets contain trap OID, trap description and a list of objects.

Reminder traps

• Trap sent at the specified time interval (Reminder Trap Interv) to remind users to manually clear the traps if the traps

haven’t been cleared.

• The trap packets contain trap OID and reminder message.

SNMP Configuration

1. Community Strings

• Log in as installer user

• Select the Management Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select tab SNMP

• Set up Read Only community string

• Click the Update or Update All button to commit your setting

2. Traps General configuration

• Log in as admin (or above) user

• Select the Management Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select tab SNMP

• Set up Instant Trap Interval, Instant Trap Tries, Periodic Trap Interv and Reminder Trap Interv

• Click the Update or Update All button to commit your setting

Note

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3. Trap Destination IP configuration

• Log in as admin (or above) user

• Select the Management Option from the CONFIGURATION menu on the left

• Select tab SNMP Traps

• In the Trap Destination IP List page, click Add New Trap Destination IP button to add a new IP or click the

Delete button to delete an existing IP.

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Traffic Management

Overview

Bridging ethernet is a layer-2 network interface available for the user to allow ethernet networks to be set up using the

EtherMux®-TDMA units. Bridging ethernet effectively turns the ports of the EtherMux® devices within a single system to

behave like a switch.

In keeping with switch operation, there is minimal configuration required to get the system working.

Note that while called bridging ethernet, this system is not an 802.1D bridge and doesn't implement protocols such as

spanning-tree.

The configuration of the bridging ethernet occurs only at the basestation at a system wide level and requires installer

privileges. In all installations, the default configuration is recommended except for an ISP mode, where the Retransmit

parameter may be disabled to isolate subscribers from one another. For further details please see the configuration section

within this chapter. This section has a brief introduction to the configuration options that are present, but refer to the

configuration section for further details on the options.

There are three configuration options which are used to filter the addresses going through the network: Broadcast, Multicast

and Private Addresses. The disabling of any of these options will cause the bridging ethernet to filter out the respective MAC

ID type (ie not allow it to go over the link). This is rarely done in practise, but in some networking situations it may be useful.

The bridging ethernet is able to generate 802.3x MAC Pause control frames in order to allow flow control to prevent packet

loss when there is a rate mismatch between the ethernet and the wireless. In some cases this may cause problems with older

connected hardware and may be disabled, however it is recommended to be left enabled.

MAC Learning is an option which is used to improve the efficiency and capacity of the system. In the basestation, the source

MAC ID of packets coming from each subscriber are stored in a mac learning table so it is known on which subscriber a mac

ID resides. When a unicast packet comes in from the LAN port the basestation looks up the destination MAC ID to determine

which subscriber it should be sent to. If no entry is found, it is broadcast to all subscribers, otherwise it is just sent to a single

subscriber. Sending data on a broadcast connection is inefficient as it must be sent on a modulation that all subscribers are able

to receive. MAC learning allows packets that have their mac ID 'learnt' to be sent on the appropriate modulation for that

subscriber.

LAN MAC Learning is an additional feature of learning used on both the subscriber and basestation. When enabled the MAC

will look at all packets received on the LAN interface and note that the source address has come from the LAN side. When a

packet comes in and is destined for an address which has come from the LAN side, the packet will be discarded rather than

being transmitted over the wireless. This may increase performance by reducing the amount of broadcast data being sent over

the link.

Retransmit allows the basestation to internally retransmit all data received on the wireless interface to all connected subscribers

when the destination mac ID is not learnt, or is broadcast/multicast or is destined for a subscriber according to the mac learning

table. Disabling this configuration option means that packets received by the basestation over the wireless will be transmitted

out the LAN port and/or locally received (depending on the WAN local receive option).

WAN Local Receive is a configuration option which may be used to improve performance during periods with high rates of

small packets. When this option is disabled, the packets that are received on from the wireless are not checked to see if they are

destined to the local MAC ID. While this reduces some of the load on the system, it also will mean that monitoring of the

system over the wireless is impossible. It is recommended that the default setting of enabled is used.

Specifications

• Maximum frame length of 1536 bytes (future software upgrades will make this 2014 bytes)

• 802.3x MAC Pause Capable

• MAC Learning table of up to 65536 entries with a 5 minute timeout, clear on loss of LAN link integrity

• Filtering of Broadcast, Multicast and Private MAC ID’s

Configuration

To configure bridged ethernet click on the MAC Configuration link on the main page. The bridging ethernet configuration is

found as a link on the top of the page. This requires installer permissions to be able to do this.

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Broadcast (Enable / Disable)

• Enabling broadcast allows ethernet packets with a destination of the broadcast address (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) to be

sent over the wireless link.

• Disabling this setting is not recommended as most networks require broadcast packets to function correctly.

Multicast (Enable / Disable)

• Enabling multicast allows ethernet packets with the multicast address bit set in the destination to be sent over the

wireless link.

• Disabling this setting is not recommended unless the network does not require multicast packets.

Private Address (Enable / Disable)

• Enabling private addresses allows packets with the private address bit in the destination to be sent over the wireless

link.

• Generally this is kept enabled, unless the network administrator would like to keep private mac ID’s between the

networks isolated.

Flow Control (Enable / Disable)

• Enabling flow control allows the ethernet port to send out 802.3x MAC Pause control frames when the incoming

data is exceeding the wireless capacity (to help minimise data loss). Generally this setting should be enabled unless

hardware that has problems with MAC Pause is connected to the unit.

MAC Learning (Enable / Disable)

• MAC Learning works by storing the source address of ethernet packets coming from subscribers into a table which

associates the source address with the subscriber. When a packet (destined to a unicast mac ID) is received on the

LAN port, the destination mac ID is looked up in the table. If the address is found, the packet is sent to the

appropriate subscriber, otherwise it is sent to all connected subscribers. If disabled, all packets received on the lan

port are sent to all subscribers which may cause a performance loss. The MAC learning table stores up to 65536

entries and each entry has a timeout of 5 minutes before it becomes invalid. Loss of link integrity on the LAN port

also clears the table.

LAN MAC Learning (Enable / Disable)

• LAN MAC learning is an addition to MAC learning where all packets received on the LAN interface are also

stored in the MAC learning table. This improves efficiency as if a packet is determined to be going to the local lan

it will not be transmitted over the wireless interface.

Retransmit (Enable / Disable)

• Enabling retransmit allows the basestation to internally retransmit all data received on the wireless interface to all

connected subscribers when the destination mac ID is not learnt, or is broadcast/multicast or is destined for a

subscriber according to the mac learning table. Disabling this configuration option means that packets received by

the basestation over the wireless will be transmitted out the LAN port and/or locally received (depending on the

WAN local receive option).

WAN Local Receive

• When this option is disabled, the packets that are received on from the wireless are not checked to see if they are

destined to the local MAC ID. While this reduces some of the load on the system, it also will mean that monitoring

of the system over the wireless is impossible.

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Firmware upgrade

The EtherMux®-TDMA supports the ability to remotely upgrade the

firmware via the web interface.

Firmware Images

A firmware image has a file name something like:

EtherMux-TDMA-197b-1.0.1.tar, where 197b is the product type and 1.0.1 is the version.

You should always ensure that the product type matches the device being upgraded. The product type and current version of

the device is available via the web interface under Advanced->Firmware in the Firmware Version field.

Obtaining Firmware Images

Firmware images will be made available by EM Solutions from time-to-time as new features are added and bugs fixed.

Please contact your EM Solutions support representative for more information.

How to upgrade

The firmware is upgraded via the web interface.

Navigate to Advanced->Firmware and select the firmware image in the

'Select Upgrade Package' field and press Upgrade.

DO NOT POWER OFF THE UNIT WHILE THE UPGRADE IS IN PROGRESS *

If the unit loses power while the firmware upgrade is in progress it may corrupt the firmware. In the case the unit will need to

be returned to EM Solutions for repair.

Once the upgrade is complete (which will take 1-2 minutes, or longer over a slow link), the unit will automatically reboot with

the new firmware.

Configuration Changes

Occasionally new configuration settings may be introduced. In this case, default values will be used for these settings once the

device reboots.

Upgrading multiple devices in a link

Unless explicitly stated in the release notes for a firmware release, all firmware images retain protocol compatibility. This

means that devices may be upgraded in any order.

That when upgrading the firmware of a basestation, or the subscriber in a single-subscriber link, the

connection recovery mechanism (See Connection Recovery) will cause the other device(s) in the link

to reboot. The link should be re-established shortly thereafter.

Warning

Note

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Connection Recovery

In order to ensure link reliability in the face of potential hardware or firmware issues, the EtherMux®-TDMA has a built-in

recovery mechanism which resets (reboots) the device in the case of a link outage.

This approach reduces the likelihood that a minor or intermittent problem will cause the link to be permanently inaccessible

remotely.

This chapter explains how this mechanism works and how it can be configured.

The Subscriber

The scenario for a subscriber is the simplest case.

When the link is running, the subscriber constantly checks to ensure that it has connectivity with the basestation. If

connectivity is lost for a period of time (the 'Conn Lost Reboot' time, which is 20 seconds by default), the subscriber assumes

that the link may be lost permanently, and will therefore reboot in an attempt to clear any error condition.

Once the subscriber has rebooted (which takes less than a minute), it should normally reconnect.

If there is some external reason for the loss of connectivity (basestation has been powered off, antenna misalignment, etc.) then

the subscriber will not be able to reconnect. In this case there is no need to reboot and the subscriber will wait for 30 minutes

before rebooting or until the connection is re-established

The Basestation

The scenario for the basestation is more complex in that a basestation may have multiple subscribers.

When the link is running, the basestation constantly checks connectivity to each of the active subscribers. If connectivity to a

subscriber is lost for a period of time (the 'Subscriber Timeout', which defaults to 10 seconds), the basestation assumes that the

subscriber has disconnected and de-allocates the subscriber slot. (At this point the subscriber needs to reboot before it can

reconnect).

If the basestation loses connectivity to *all* subscribers for a period of time (the 'Conn Lost Reboot' time, which is 20 seconds

by default), the basestation assumes that the link may be lost permanently, and will therefore reboot in an attempt to clear any

error condition.

Once the basestation has rebooted (which takes about a minute), it should normally reconnect to any subscribers.

If there is some external reason for the loss of connectivity, then one or more subscribers will not connect. In this case there is

no need to reboot and the basestation will wait for 30 minutes before rebooting.

Initial Setup

In order to facilitate initial configuration, the 30 minute reboot timeout also applies when a device is initially booted, before

any connection is established.

Firmware Upgrade

While the firmware is being upgraded on a device, connection restart is automatically suppressed. This prevents firmware

corruption due to a reboot during the upgrade process.

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Basestation Synchronization and GPS Overview

Basestation Synchronization

Basestation Synchronization eliminates interference between co-located basestations. It works by ensuring that all basestations

transmit simultaneously, and all receive simultaneously. This prevents a basestation from transmitting while other co-located

basestations are listening.

GPS Synchronization

GPS Synchronization is a feature that helps control interference between neighbouring networks. It requires a GPS receiver at

each basestation site. The 1pps output from the GPS receiver is used to ensure that all basestations, from all basestation sites,

transmit and receive simultaneously.

Typical Installation Diagram

GPS

Receiver

Optional

termination

to match GPS

output impedance

=Master

Lock to GPS = Yes

=NO

BS Synch

Mute if not synched

=Slave

Lock to GPS = Yes

=NO

BS Synch

Mute if not synched

=Slave

Lock to GPS = Yes

=NO

BS Synch

Mute if not synched

=Slave

Lock to GPS = Yes

=NO

BS Synch

Mute if not synched

Preferred Configuration

Typical installation combining basestation and GPS synchronization.

Operation in Typical Configuration

This section describes how synchronization behaves for the typical installation as shown above.

Master basestation

The uppermost terminal is configured as the Master. This means it will generate framing pulses on its SYNCH-B connector.

These pulses are used by the Slaves to synchronize themselves to the Master. Once the Slaves are synchronized to the Master,

all of the basestations will transmit and receive simultaneously, eliminating interference between them.

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The Master is also configured to Lock-to-GPS. It will synchronize itself to a GPS signal on its SYNCH-A connector. Once the

Master is locked to GPS, it will transmit and receive simultaneously with all other basestations that are locked to GPS.

Slave basestations

The Slave terminals will listen for framing pulses on their SYNC-B connectors. If framing pulses are detected, the Slave will

synchronize itself to the Master. Once synchronized, the Slave will transmit and receive simultaneously with the Master. If that

Master is locked to GPS, then the Slave will effectively be GPS locked, this will operate synchronously with all other GPS

locked Masters and their Slaves.

The slaves are also configured to Lock-to-GPS. This means that if the Master fails, and stops providing framing pulses on

SYNC-B, the slaves will synchronize themselves to the GPS signal.

Failure Handling

GPS Failure

(No signal from GPS unit)

The Master basestation will continue to operate, because “Mute if not synched” is set

to No.

The Slaves will remain synchronized to the Master. This means that basestations at

the site with GPS failure can continue to operate without interfering with each other.

The basestation site with GPS failure may interfere with operations at other

basestation sites.

Master Fails

(and stops generating framing pulses)

The Slaves will immediately switch to using the GPS signal for synchronization.

There will be no interruption to the radio connection.

GPS and Master

Failure

The Slaves will no longer be synchronized to an external source,

and will switch to using their internal references.

They will, however, continue to operate, because “Mute if not

synched” is set to No. When the internal references drift apart,

the Slaves will start interfering with each other, causing

degraded performance.

Operation in Other Configurations

Setting “Mute if not synched” to Yes

This setting mutes a basestation if it is not properly synchronized. This is useful for preventing an

unsynchronized basestation from interfering with other basestations.

• A Master will be muted if it is unable to lock to a GPS Signal, but is configured to do so.

• A Slave will be muted if it is unable to synchronize to either a GPS Signal, or to framing pulses from a Master.

• When a Master is muted, it also stops generating framing pulse for its Slaves. This causes the Slaves to mute,

unless they are GPS synchronized.

Synchronization without GPS

Co-located basestations can be synchronized without GPS by connecting all the SYNC-B ports together, and leaving the

SYNC-A ports disconnected. Each terminal should have “Lock to GPS” set to No.

The basestations will not interfere with each other, but might interfere with other nearby basestation sites.

Installation Notes

• SYNCH-A is always the GPS signal input

• SYNCH-B is always used for the basestation synchronization signal. It is an output for a MASTER and an input

for SLAVES.

• The GPS synchronization (SYNCH-A) cable impedance should be chosen based on the GPS unit's output type. If

the GPS unit has a 50 or 75 ohm output impedance, then the cable impedance should match it. A termination load

should also be used. If a GPS unit has a standard digital output the cable impedance can be 50 or 75 ohms.

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• The basestation synchronization (SYNCH-B) cable impedance can be 50 or 75 ohms.

• All basestations must be configured with the same fixed TDD split ratio, and must operate in shared-time mode.

Configuration

There are three configuration settings related to synchronization. They are found in the Configuration-

MAC page. “Installer” privileges are required to configure these variables.

• BS Synchronization Master/Slave/Off

• Lock To GPS Yes/No

• Mute if Not Synched Yes/No

BS Synchronization

Master The terminal generates framing pulses on the SYNC-B

connector.

Slave The terminal listens for framing pulses on the SYNC-B connector.

If framing pulses are detected, the terminal synchronizes to the framing pulses.

If framing pulses are not detected, the terminal will synchronize to a GPS signal if

“Lock to GPS” is enabled.

Off The terminal will not listen for, or generate, any framing signals on SYNC-B

Lock to GPS

Yes Synchronize to GPS signal on SYNC-A.

If the terminal is configured as a Slave, it will preferentially synchronize to framing

pulses on SYNCH-B. If the framing pulses aren't detected, the terminal will

synchronize to the GPS signal on SYNCH-A

No The terminal does not attempt to synchronize its transmit and receive timing to the

GPS signal.

Note however, if a GPS signal is detected on SYNCH-A, the terminal will lock its

reference oscillator to the GPS signal.

Mute if Not Synched

Yes Mute the terminal (i.e. stop transmitting) if it is not properly synchronized to either

GPS or the framing pulses from a Master basestation.

This is to prevent an unsynchronized basestation from causing interference.

If a Master basestation loses GPS synchronization, and it has been configured to lock

to GPS, it will stop providing framing pulses for Slave basestations. If its Slaves are

also set to mute if not synched, they will stop transmitting unless they are

synchronized to GPS. This to prevent Slaves from synchronizing to a Master that is

itself not properly synchronized

No The terminal will not stop transmitting if it loses synchronization.

This setting will allow a basestation site to continue to operate if it has lost GPS

synchronization. The network performance may degrade due to interference.

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Status and Alarms

Synchronization status information can be found in the Status-MAC web page. The following variables may be available,

depending upon configuration.

Terminal Synched Yes – if the terminal is properly synchronized

No – if the terminal is not properly synchronized.

This variable is hidden if the terminal is not configured to synchronize. That is, it is hidden

when

● Lock to GPS is set to NO; and

● BS Synchronization is set to MASTER or OFF.

The meaning of “properly synchronized” depends on the configuration.

Master:

Yes if synchronized to GPS, otherwise No.

Slave with Lock to GPS enabled:

Yes if synchronized to either GPS or framing

pulses from a Master, otherwise No.

Slave with Lock to GPS disabled:

Yes if synchronized to framing pulses from a

Master, otherwise No.

GPS Locked Yes – if the terminal is GPS synchronized

No – if the terminal is GPS synchronized

This variable is hidden if “Lock to GPS” is set to NO.

Alarms

Alarms can be configured for the two status variables. The configuration can be accessed under the MAC tab of the

Configuration-Alarms web page. Note that these alarms are only available if the synchronization configuration variables are

properly set.

Co-location with basesations from other manufacturers

The up and downlink timing of the EtherMux®-TDMA can be adjusted to align with the operation of TDD basestations from

other manufacturers. This is useful when co-locating the EtherMux®-TDMA with other manufacturers' basestations.

Contact EM Solutions for further information.

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Deployment Scenarios

This section describes a number of common deployment scenarios.

Point-to-Point mode

This simplest scenario is where a pair of EtherMux®-TDMA devices are deployed to create a single high-speed data link.

One device is configured as a basestation and once device is configured as a subscriber.

Two different configurations involve the downlink (BS -> SS) vs the uplink (SS -> BS) capacity.

In a backhaul scenario these would typically be equal (50/50), whereas in an ISP-link scenario, the downlink would typically

be higher than the uplink (perhaps 70/30)

ISP mode

This scenario involves a single basestation attached to the internet, with one or more subscribers in PTMP mode.

The subscribers only communicate via the basestation, not other subscribers, and the downlink capacity is higher than the

uplink capacity.

Private Network mode

This scenario is similar to the ISP mode, however subscribers are able to communicate directly with each other via the

basestation.

Repeater mode

The repeater scenario involves extending the PTP link over two separate links, often to accommodate geographic features such

as a hill.

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In-Band Anti-Interference

Overview

In some installations, there may be frequency re-use meaning that transmissions on one network may interfere with another

network on the same frequency and channel width. Several mechanisms are used to prevent in-band interference.

The interference has four major forms: Basetation to Basestation, Basestation to Subscriber, Subscriber to Basestation and

Subscriber to Subscriber. Two of the interference forms (Basestation to Basestation and Subscriber to Subscriber) are

automatically taken care of. The other two forms are optionally handled as they both have advantages and disadvantages to

each. Unless the disadvantages are too great for the specific network, enabling the two optional anti-interference measures is

highly recommended.

When any of these interference situations are encountered, a MAC error flag is set and readable from the MAC status page of

the web interface. This may assist in being able to diagnose what interference is present on the system.

Basestation to Basestation interference occurs when a basestation is listening for a transmission from a subscriber and instead

hears a neighbouring basestation instead.

In such a case, the basestation that is listening is easily able to identify that the burst is from another basestation and will

automatically discard the burst.

A method to further reduce the chance of this interference is to also use GPS and Basestation Synchronisation to make sure the

basestations all transmit and receive at the same time.

Basestation to Subscriber interference occurs when a subscriber picks up the transmission from the wrong basestation.

This may occur in several situations, especially if the subscriber is trying to synchronise to the network or has lost the signal

and starts sweeping the gain to look for the basestation.

With this interference, if the subscriber doesn't check the mac ID it may follow the wrong basestations instructions/data and

cause corruption on its network and/or the other network.

To combat this, the subscriber may be configured with a BS Mac ID (see configuration). So it will ignore all other basestation

transmissions it receives.

The only disadvantage with this is that if the basestation is changed, all subscribers with this setting must be changed to have

the new basestation mac ID before they can join the network. See the configuration section for more details on this.

Subscriber to Basestation interference occurs when a basestation picks up a transmission from an incorrect subscriber (ie from

another network)

If the basestation doesn't verify that the correct subscriber has transmitted data the data the subscriber sends may interfere with

any existing data causing problems in the network.

To deal with this, an option called SS Burst Validation is used to verify that the correct Subscriber is being received from. This

reduces capacity of the system by a small amount, but may become significant when there are large numbers of subscribers or

the network is low capacity (see the configuration section for more details).

Subscriber to Subscriber interference occurs when a subscriber receives a burst from another subscriber rather than a

basestation.

This interference occurs particularly when a subscriber is trying to join a network or interference has caused the subscriber to

sweep its gain to re-acquire the basestation's signal.

The subscriber is automatically able to detect if a transmission is from a basestation, so if a subscriber transmission is received

it will discard the burst.

Configuration

SS Burst Validation (Enable/Disable)

• This is a basestation only option that when enabled tells all connected subscribers to prepend a header to each

transmission containing the last 4 bytes of their mac ID.

• When enabled, the basestation then checks each burst and if there is no header or the mac -ID does not match, the

transmission is discarded.

• When disabled the basestation will only discard the transmission if it contains the header with the mac ID in it.

• Generally enabling this option is recommended, however the loss of capacity due to the overhead of the headers

may be significant for networks with low capacity and/or a large number of active subscribers.

BS Mac ID (48-bit MAC ID to enable, set to all 0s if disabled)

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 53 of 59

• This is a subscriber only option that when non-zero, the subscriber verifies the MAC ID of the basestation in the

transmission from the basestation.

• The subscriber will ignore the entire burst if the mac ID is non-zero and the received mac ID does not match.

Optional E1

Introduction

With the release of the EtherMux-TDMA 1.1 firmware, an option is available for 4 Unframed E1.

This option requires that an Unframed E1 card be fitted in both the Base Station and either one or two Subscribers.

Supported Configurations

The 4 Unframed E1 option allows for up to 4 E1 trunks. These trunks are configured in pairs. Thus the following

configurations are supported.

• 2 or 4 trunks to one Subscriber

• 4 trunks to 2 Subscribers

Requirements

An Unframed E1 card must be fitted in the Base Station and one or two Subscribers.

Each pair of E1s requires approximately 5Mbits/s of data capacity in each direction.

For example, if one pair is configured (2 E1s), 5Mbits/s is required on the uplink and the downlink.

Configuration

All E1 configuration is done via the web interface on the Base Station.

Navigate to Configuration->E1 Link->TDM

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 54 of 59

There are three sections: Global Settings, TDM 1 & 2 and TDM 3 & 4

Global Settings

The BS Shield Grounding setting determines whether the shield grounding relay is enabled on the Base Station.

TDM 1 & 2

This section determines the settings for the E1 ports TDM 1 and TDM 2.

First, Connect To should be set to indicate the Subscriber to which these ports should be connected.

Select one of the configured Subscribers or None to disable these ports.

Next, Remote Ports should be set to indicate the corresponding ports on the Subscriber. For example, to connect TDM 1 & 2 to

the same ports on the Subscriber, choose TDM 1 & 2.

The Shield Grounding setting determines whether the shield grounding relay is enabled on the Subscriber.

The Loop Back setting can be used for testing during installation. In normal operation, set this to None.

Otherwise, it may be set to one of two modes:

• Base Station

In this mode, E1 data is looped at the Base Station -- locally for the Base Station E1 ports and remotely for the

Subscriber E1 ports.

• Subscriber

In this mode, E1 data is looped at the Subscriber -- remotely for the Base Station E1 ports and locally for the

Subscriber E1 ports.

TDM 3 & 4

This section works identically to the TDM 1 & 2 section, except for E1 ports TDM 3 and TDM 4.

If all 4 E1 ports are connected to the same Subscriber, the Shield Grounding setting should be the

same in both sections, otherwise the results will be unpredictable.

The Shield Grounding and Loop Back settings take effect immediately, while any changes to the connected Subscribers or

Remote Ports take effect after a reboot.

Note

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 55 of 59

Testing

In a bench testing scenario, it is simple enough to connect a BERT across the Base Station and Subscriber, or to add a loopback

on one port, however testing after installation can be more tricky.

In this scenario, the Loop Back setting can be used for testing without requiring physical access to the other end of the link.

Local Loopback at Base Station

In this mode, the E1 data will be looped back at the Base Station.

• First, set the Loop Back setting to Base Station

• Next connect a BERT (both Rx and Tx) to the port under test

• The BERT should report no errors.

Remote Loopback at Base Station

In this mode, the E1 data will be sent over the link to the Subscriber where it will be looped back to the Base Station.

• Set the Loop Back setting to Subscriber.

• Next connect a BERT (both Rx and Tx) to the port under test

• The BERT should report no errors.

Similar tests can be performed at the Subscriber.

Trouble Shooting

Should you encounter difficulties installing or using the EtherMux®-TDMA product, please consult the table below for

suggested solutions. If this does not solve your problem contact EM Solutions' Customer Support:

No LEDs illuminate front panel Check power supply is connected and on.

Four LEDs in left column continuously

flash rapidly Flash memory has been corrupted, or device is faulty. Contact EM

Solutions.

Can't access terminal's webpage, or

can't ping a local terminal. Check Ethernet link integrity

Check IP address

Check IP settings on host. Do they match the subnet of the device.

Try rebooting device.

Subscriber doesn't connect to

Basestation Check antenna alignment.

Check RF cabling

Check that the centre frequency and channel width are the same on the

Basestation and the Subscriber.

Check that the MAC mode (PTP/PTMP) is the same on the Basestation

and the Subscriber.

Subscriber connects, but rx power is

much lower than expected. Check antenna alignment.

Check RF cabling

Check TX power in webpage

Subscriber connects, but at a lower

modulation (giving a lower capacity) Check RX power. If too low, see above.

Check for interference on same channel, or adjacent channel.

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 56 of 59

Appendix A:

FCC Compliance – 01-274H (3650-3675MHz ODU) only

FCC INTERFERENCE STATEMENT

Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of

the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the

equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency

energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio

communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case

the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This

device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

The equipment has been approved for use only with approved external antennas described in this section; use of any

other antenna may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could

void the user's authority to operate this equipment.

RF Radiation Exposure Statement

To satisfy the FCC RF exposure requirements for RF transmitting devices, a distance of at least 23cm

(11in) should be maintained between the antenna of this device and any person during device

operation.

This equipment should be installed and operated as described in this manual to satisfy the RF

exposure compliance.

Caution

Warning

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 57 of 59

FCC Transmitter Power Settings for EMS nominated Antennas:

The RF output power and selection must be professionally programmed and installed by the

manufacturer or trained professional installer. These settings may have to be altered to take into

account any cable losses.

Transmitted Power Levels and peak EIRP power density should not exceed the requirements of FCC

Section 90.1321(a) (90.205). As per 90.1321(a) – The maximum EIRP is limited to 25 Watts/25 MHz

(44 dBm/25 MHz), and the peak EIRP power density is limited to 1W/MHz (30dBm/MHz).

Calculation for EIRP (Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power) – RMS value

EIRP (RMS) = P + A – C

Where P is output power setting (RMS value)

A is EUT antenna gain

C is EUT cable loss

Determining the Maximum TX power setting for Local Power Control

The maximum TX power (rms) value that can be set at the web interface is limited by the peak EIRP power density

specification for a given antenna gain and cable loss. The following formula can be used to determine the webpage

setting for Local power control, as shown below. This equation is based on measured results of the peak EIRP power

density, with margin included to ensure compliance with the specification.

Maximum TX Power Target = integer value of [ 27dBm – Antenna gain (dB) + Cable loss (dB) ]

This is shown for a number of recommended antennas in the following table.

Note

Caution

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 58 of 59

Antenna Models

Manufacturer Type Model Antenna

Gain (dBi)

Net

antenna

gain **

(dB)

Maximum TX

Power - webpage

setting (dBm)

Lanbowan Solid

Parabolic ANT3500D24P 24.5 23.0 4

Grid

Parabolic ANT3500D19A 19 17.5 9

Grid

Parabolic ANT3500D22G 22 20.5 6

Grid

Parabolic ANT3500D27A 27 25.5 1

Shenglu /

Vinncom Panel TDJ-SA3500-20-16 20 18.5 8

Panel

TDJ-SA3500-15-

90V 15 13.5 13

Panel

TDJ-SA3500-17-

60V 17 15.5 11

Grid

Parabolic TDJ-PST3500-25-06 25 23.5 3

Radiowaves Parabolic

SP2-3.5

SPD2-3.5NS

24.2 22.7 4

Parabolic

SP3-3.5

SPD3-3.5NS

27.7 26.2 0

Panel SEC-35V-40-18 18 16.5 10

Panel SEC-35V-60-17 17.5 16 11

Panel

SEC-35V-90-16

SEC-35V-90-16HP

16 14.5 12

** Net antenna gain is calculated as the antenna gain less cable loss of 1.5dB

EtherMux® TDMA

Version D Document Number: 0234U02 Installation & Commissioning Manual

Issue Date: 17/02/09 Page 59 of 59

FCC Identification Labels

EtherMux® TDMA Outdoor Terminal

Main Label

with

FCC ID

Compliance

Statement

EM Solutions 274H ETHERMUX TDMA User Manual Appendix H

EM Solutions Pty Ltd ETHERMUX TDMA Appendix H

Appendix H TDMA user manual

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