Elbit Systems Land and C4I Tadiran MICOM-PF25W Licensed Non-Broadcast Station Transmitter User Manual micomPathFinder omE RevD fp

Elbit Systems Land and C4I - Tadiran Ltd. Licensed Non-Broadcast Station Transmitter micomPathFinder omE RevD fp

UN Micom Pathfinder_Service & Operation Manual_20720928700_FCC ID YO5 MICOM-PF 2

OM-E 2072-09287-00

OPERATOR MANUAL

FOR

Micom Pathfinder

5 - 25 Watt HF-SSB

Manpack Transceiver

Revision D

JANUARY 2011

OM-E 2072-09287-00

WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES

The following notations are used to place special emphasis on procedures, or to call attention to

precautionary measures.

WARNING

An operating procedure, practice and so forth, which if not followed correctly,

could result in personal injury, or loss of life.

CAUTION

An operating procedure, practice and so forth, which if not followed correctly,

could result in damage to, or destruction of equipment.

NOTE

An operating procedure, condition and so forth, to which special attention

should be paid.

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

During transmission, high RF voltages may appear at the RF connectors, the

antenna cable, and on the antenna itself.

Avoid touching the antenna and the RF connectors of a radio set while it

operates.

Make sure the antenna is not located near high-voltage lines.

Operating and maintenance personnel must be familiar with the applicable

safety requirements before attempting to install or operate the radio set.

WARNING

Lithium-Ion batteries contain dangerous chemicals. Handle and dispose of

Lithium-Ion batteries according to the prescribed safety regulations. In

particular, observe the following precautions:

1. Do not short-circuit Lithium-Ion batteries.

2. Do not damage battery case and do not tamper with battery in any way.

3. Do not try to recharge the battery, except by means of the supplied

battery charger.

4. Do not expose to heat or flame.

5. Do not dispose of used Lithium-Ion batteries by burning.

CAUTION

Do not transmit with radio on your back. Place radio on ground before

starting transmit/receive communication, and connect it to the grounding

spike in accordance with Chapter 2.

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FEDERAL COMMUNICATION COMMISSION REGULATIONS

The FCC has established limits for safe exposure to radio frequency (RF) emissions from mobile

two-way radios. The FCC requires manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with RF exposure limits

before mobile two-way radios can be marketed in the U.S. When two-way radios are approved for

occupational/controlled environment exposure limits, the FCC requires users to be fully aware of, and

exercise control over, their exposure. Awareness and control of RF exposure can be accomplished by

education or training through appropriate means such as information and instructions in user manuals

or safety booklets, or other appropriate means. This user safety booklet includes useful information

about RF exposure and helpful instructions on how to control your RF exposure.

Your two-way radio is designed and tested to comply with a number of national and international

standards and guidelines (listed below) regarding human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic

energy. This radio complies with the IEEE (FCC) and ICNIRP exposure limits for

occupational/controlled RF exposure environments at usage factors of up to 10% talk-90% listen. In

terms of measuring RF energy for compliance with FCC exposure guidelines, your radio radiates

measurable RF energy only while it is transmitting (during talking), not when it is receiving (listening) or

in standby mode.

Your two-way radio complies with the following RF energy exposure standards and guidelines:

• United States Federal Communications Commission, Code of Federal Regulations; 47CFR part

2 sub-part J

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

(IEEE) C95.1-1992

• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) C95.1-1999 Edition

• International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1998

• Ministry of Health (Canada) Safety Code 6: Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency

Electromagnetic Fields in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz, 1999

• Australian Communications Authority Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation –

Human Exposure) Standard, 2001

• ANATEL, Brasil Regulatory Authority, Resolution 256 (April 11, 2001). Additional Requirements

for SMR, Cellular and PCS Product Certification.

SAFETY SUMMARY

The following are general safety precautions that are not related to any specific procedures and

therefore do not appear elsewhere in this publication. These are recommended precautions that

personnel must understand and apply during various phases of operation and maintenance.

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS. Operating personnel must at all times observe all safety

regulations. Do not replace components or make adjustments inside the equipment with the high

voltage supply turned on. Under certain conditions, dangerous potentials may exist even when the

power control is in the OFF position, due to charges retained by capacitors. To avoid casualties,

always remove power and discharge and ground a circuit before touching it.

DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE. Under no circumstances should any person reach into the

equipment enclosure for the purpose of servicing or adjusting the equipment except in the presence of

someone who is capable of rendering aid.

RESUSCITATION. Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern

methods of resuscitation.

USE SAFETY APPROVED EQUIPMENT. When cleaners and primers are being applied, approved

explosion-proof lights, blowers, and other equipment shall be used. Insure that firefighting equipment is

readily available and in working order.

GIVE CLEANERS SPECIAL CARE. Keep cleaners in special polyethylene bottles or in safety cans

and in minimum quantities. Discard soiled cleaning cloths into safety cans.

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iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1-1. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1-2. PURPOSE AND USE .................................................................................................... 1-1

1-3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................ 1-2

1-3.1 Options and Accessories......................................................................................... 1-2

1-3.2 Micom Receiver/Transmitter.................................................................................... 1-3

1-3.3 Carrying Harness .................................................................................................... 1-4

1-3.4 FAD5530 Collapsible 9-Foot Whip Antenna ........................................................... 1-4

1-3.5 FAA5548 (AT-1743) Portable Dipole Antenna ........................................................ 1-5

1-3.6 GPS Antenna, AT-1000 (for Use with Option G421) ............................................... 1-5

1-3.7 Handset, FMN5501 (H250/U).................................................................................. 1-5

1-3.8 Loudspeaker, LS-108M (Optional) .......................................................................... 1-5

1-3.9 16 Ah Lithium-Ion Battery, FRN8577....................................................................... 1-6

1-3.10 Battery Charger, FRN8570B ................................................................................... 1-6

1-3.11 Utilities..................................................................................................................... 1-6

1-4. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................... 1-7

CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION

2-1. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 2-1

2-2. UNPACKING ................................................................................................................. 2-1

2-3. MICOM PATHFINDER ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE...................................................... 2-2

2-3.1 Installation of Battery............................................................................................... 2-2

2-3.2 Installation in Carrying Harness .............................................................................. 2-3

2-3.3 Installation of Whip Antenna ................................................................................... 2-7

2-3.4 Connection of Audio Accessories............................................................................ 2-8

2-3.5 Wearing Backpack Carrying Harness ..................................................................... 2-8

2-3.6 Operating Micom Pathfinder on Ground.................................................................. 2-8

2-4. USING THE FAA5548 TACTICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA................................................ 2-8

CHAPTER 3 OPERATING PROCEDURES

3-1. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 3-1

3-2. MICOM CONTROLS, INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS ......................................... 3-1

3-3. FAMILIARIZATION WITH MICOM OPERATING PROCEDURES ............................... 3-3

3-3.1 Display Functions .................................................................................................... 3-3

3-3.2 Audible Indications .................................................................................................. 3-7

3-4. MENU STRUCTURE..................................................................................................... 3-8

3-4.1 Displaying the Main Menu ....................................................................................... 3-8

3-4.2 What you can Select on the Main Menu.................................................................. 3-9

3-4.3 Notational Conventions ........................................................................................... 3-9

3-5. GETTING STARTED................................................................................................... 3-10

3-5.1 Turning the Radio On and Off ............................................................................... 3-10

3-5.2 Preparation for Operation ...................................................................................... 3-11

3-5.3 Transmitting and Receiving................................................................................... 3-13

3-6. USING THE CHANNEL MODE ................................................................................... 3-14

3-6.1 Channel Mode Options.......................................................................................... 3-14

3-6.2 Selecting the Channel Mode ................................................................................. 3-15

3-6.3 Choosing a Different Channel ............................................................................... 3-16

3-7. USING THE FREQUENCY MODE.............................................................................. 3-17

3-7.1 Frequency Mode Options ...................................................................................... 3-17

3-7.2 Selecting the Operating Frequency in the FREQ Mode ........................................ 3-19

3-7.3 Storing Frequencies .............................................................................................. 3-22

3-8. USING THE SCAN MODE .......................................................................................... 3-23

3-8.1 Selecting the Scan Mode ...................................................................................... 3-23

3-8.2 Scan Mode Options............................................................................................... 3-23

3-9. USING THE GPS RECEIVER (OPTIONAL) ............................................................... 3-24

3-9.1 Overview of GPS Receiver Functions ................................................................... 3-24

3-9.2 How to Get the Best Results from your Micom GPS Receiver .............................. 3-24

3-9.3 Operating the GPS Receiver ................................................................................. 3-24

3-10. LOCKING/UNLOCKING THE RADIO ......................................................................... 3-27

3-11. CHANGING THE PASSWORD................................................................................... 3-28

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)

Page

3-12. USING AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE)................................................. 3-29

3-12.1 Enabling the ALE Mode......................................................................................... 3-29

3-12.2 ALE Mode Options ................................................................................................ 3-30

3-12.3 Receiving and Transmitting Calls in ALE Mode .................................................... 3-31

3-12.4 Using ALE Mode to Send and Request GPS Position Data.................................. 3-57

3-13. USING THE VOCODER.............................................................................................. 3-58

3-13.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 3-58

3-13.2 Using the Vocoder................................................................................................. 3-58

3-13.3 Programming the Vocoder .................................................................................... 3-59

3-14. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS........................................................ 3-62

3-14.1 Operation in Desert Areas..................................................................................... 3-62

3-14.2 Operation at Low Temperatures............................................................................ 3-62

3-14.3 Operation During Storms....................................................................................... 3-62

CHAPTER 4 USING THE PROGRAMMING MODE

4-1. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 4-1

4-2. THE PROG MENU ........................................................................................................ 4-1

4-3. PROGRAMMING THE RADIO PARAMETERS ............................................................ 4-2

4-3.1 Programming Channels........................................................................................... 4-3

4-3.2 Configuring Radio Parameters ................................................................................ 4-5

4-3.3 Setting Radio Options ............................................................................................. 4-6

4-4. ALE PROGRAMMING................................................................................................... 4-7

4-4.1 Programming Nets .................................................................................................. 4-9

4-4.2 Setting the Net Options ......................................................................................... 4-11

4-4.3 Directory Parameters ............................................................................................ 4-11

4-4.4 AMD Message Configuration................................................................................. 4-11

4-4.5 ALE Options Configuration.................................................................................... 4-12

4-4.6 Auto Dial Parameters ............................................................................................ 4-13

4-4.7 Storing ALE parameters ........................................................................................ 4-14

4-4.8 Using the New Station Address Filter.................................................................... 4-14

CHAPTER 5 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

5-1. GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 5-1

5-2. VISUAL INSPECTION AND MECHANICAL CHECKS.................................................. 5-1

5-2.1 Inspection ................................................................................................................ 5-1

5-2.2 Cleaning .................................................................................................................. 5-2

5-3. CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE.................................................................................... 5-3

APPENDIX A USING BATTERY CHARGER, FRN8570B

A-1. PURPOSE AND USE ....................................................................................................A-1

A-2. FRN8570B DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................A-1

A-3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION......................................................................................A-1

A-4. FRN8570B OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ..................................................................A-2

A-4.1 Familiarization with Charger Unit............................................................................. A-2

A-4.2 Preparations for Charging ....................................................................................... A-3

A-4.3 Charging Process.................................................................................................... A-3

A-5. MAIN FRN8570B TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................A-4

APPENDIX B INSTALLATION OF FAA5548 TACTICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA

B-1. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... B-1

B-2. FAA5548 DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................B-1

B-3. ANTENNA CONFIGURATIONS.................................................................................... B-1

B-3.1 Horizontal Dipole ..................................................................................................... B-2

B-3.2 Inverted V Dipole..................................................................................................... B-2

B-3.3 Sloping Dipole ......................................................................................................... B-3

B-3.4 Wire Antenna Configuration .................................................................................... B-4

B-4. FAA5548 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE.....................................................................B-4

APPENDIX C ALE CAPABILITIES AND FEATURES

C-1. SCOPE ..........................................................................................................................C-1

C-2. SCANNING....................................................................................................................C-1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)

Page

C-3. SOUNDING ...................................................................................................................C-1

C-3.1 Sounding Cycle Time .............................................................................................. C-1

C-3.2 Manual Sounding ....................................................................................................C-2

C-4. LQA MEMORY ..............................................................................................................C-3

C-5. BIDIRECTIONAL HANDSHAKE....................................................................................C-3

C-6. SELECTIVE CALLING ..................................................................................................C-4

C-6.1 ALE Addressing Method.......................................................................................... C-4

C-6.2 Address and Call Types ..........................................................................................C-4

C-7. USING THE MULTINET FEATURE ..............................................................................C-8

C-8. MESSAGES...................................................................................................................C-8

C-9. USING THE CALLER STACK .......................................................................................C-8

C-10. QUICK CALL .................................................................................................................C-9

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Figure 1-1. Micom Pathfinder, General View................................................................................................. 1-1

Figure 1-2. Micom Pathfinder Receiver/Transmitter...................................................................................... 1-3

Figure 1-3. Micom Pathfinder Carrying Harness, General View (Closed for Transport) ............................ 1-4

Figure 1-4. GPS Antenna, AT-1000 ............................................................................................................... 1-5

Figure 1-5. GPS Antenna Adapter, AD-1000P .............................................................................................. 1-5

Figure 1-6. Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery, FRN8577............................................................................. 1-6

Figure 1-7. PC-Micom Data Cable ................................................................................................................. 1-6

Figure 2-1. Installing the Battery ..................................................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-2. Carrying Harness, Front View (Closed)....................................................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-3. Carrying Harness with Front Flaps Raised ................................................................................. 2-4

Figure 2-4. Installing Transceiver in Carrying Harness.................................................................................. 2-5

Figure 2-5. Detail of Transceiver in its Carrying Harness............................................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-6. GPS Antenna Installed on Harness............................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 3-1. Micom Front Panel Controls, Indicators and Connectors........................................................... 3-1

Figure 3-2. MICOM Rear Side Connectors.................................................................................................... 3-2

Figure 3-3. Main Menu .................................................................................................................................... 3-9

Figure 3-4. Channel (CHAN) Menu .............................................................................................................. 3-14

Figure 3-5. FREQ (Frequency) Menu........................................................................................................... 3-17

Figure 3-6. GPS Menu .................................................................................................................................. 3-25

Figure 3-7. ALE Operator Menu ................................................................................................................... 3-30

Figure 3-8. VCD Programming Menu........................................................................................................... 3-60

Figure 4-1. PROG Menu – Radio Parameters Programming....................................................................... 4-2

Figure 4-2. PROG Menu – ALE Parameters Programming ......................................................................... 4-7

Figure A-1. Charger Unit, General View .........................................................................................................A-2

Figure B-1. Horizontal Dipole Configuration ...................................................................................................B-2

Figure B-2. Inverted V Configuration...............................................................................................................B-3

Figure B-3. Sloping Dipole Configuration........................................................................................................B-3

Figure C-1. Network Occupancy.....................................................................................................................C-2

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vii

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1-1. Available Options.......................................................................................................................... 1-2

Table 1-2. Accessories................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Table 1-3. DATA Connector, Pin Functions.................................................................................................. 1-9

Table 1-4. AUDIO Connectors, Pin Functions.............................................................................................. 1-9

Table 5-1. Visual Inspection and Mechanical Checks.................................................................................. 5-1

Table 5-2. Fault Messages ............................................................................................................................ 5-4

Table A-1. Status Indications .........................................................................................................................A-2

Table C-1. Use of “@” Stuffing Symbol..........................................................................................................C-5

Table C-2. Use of “?” Wildcard Symbol.........................................................................................................C-6

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viii

Intentionally Left Blank

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1-1

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1-1. SCOPE

This manual provides instructions regarding the installation and operator maintenance of the Micom

Pathfinder, a portable high-frequency (HF) single sideband (SSB) manpack radio set. The manual is

organized as follows:

Chapter 1 General Description: provides a general description of the Micom Pathfinder and its

main components, and presents the main technical characteristics.

Chapter 2 Installation: provides installation instructions for Micom Pathfinder.

Chapter 3 Operating Instructions: describes the equipment and the functions of the various

controls and indicators, and presents operating instructions.

Chapter 4 Using the Programming Mode: provides detailed instructions for programming the

Micom Pathfinder parameters needed in the various operating modes.

Chapter 5 Operator Maintenance: provides operator maintenance instructions.

Appendix A Using Battery Charger, FRN8570B: provides instructions for using the FRN8570B to

charge Micom Pathfinder battery, FRN8577.

Appendix B Installation of FAA5548 Tactical Dipole Antenna: provides concise installation

instructions for the FAA5548 tactical dipole antenna.

Appendix C ALE Capabilities and Features: provides a concise description of the ALE

capabilities and features supported by Micom Pathfinder.

1-2. PURPOSE AND USE

Micom Pathfinder, a manpack version of the robust

Micom-3 mobile radio, is an advanced HF-SSB

transceiver that provides a complete solution to the

communication requirements in the crowded HF band.

It is part of the Micom-3 family of HF/SSB radio sets,

has compatible characteristics, and uses the same

operating procedures as other Micom-3 radio sets.

Micom Pathfinder has selectable transmit RF power of

5, 10, 15 and 25 W, and high sensitivity. Its built-in

automatic antenna tuner supports a wide range of

antennas, including a 2.7 meter (9 ft) whip which can

be easily folded for storage. For static operation,

Micom Pathfinder can also be used with dipole, long

wire and other types of broadband antennas.

Micom Pathfinder can be ordered with an optional

internal GPS receiver that provides accurate time and

navigation data.

Micom Pathfinder is powered by a rechargeable

Lithium-Ion battery, and is carried in a convenient,

lightweight harness that completely envelops the

transceiver, and enables carrying all the necessary

accessories.

Figure 1-1. Micom Pathfinder, General

View

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1-2

The Micom Pathfinder capabilities provide reliable long-range HF-SSB radio communications in a

rugged yet lightweight manpack configuration. Designed to meet the needs of users who carry out

on-foot operations in remote areas, it is built to withstand years of shock and vibration as well as

severe weather conditions. Micom Pathfinder is certified for dependability and durability, and

complies with the applicable sections of MIL-STD-810F and MIL-STD-810E.

Micom Pathfinder supports voice and data communications. Micom Pathfinder supports data rates up

to 4800 bps by means of an optional internal (embedded) modem.

Extensive use of digital signal processing (DSP) ensures high performance; a built-in voice quality

system with proprietary DSP algorithms filter out background noise and elevates sound bytes

providing exceptional communication clarity and voice quality. Many advanced features are standard,

such as digital noise blanking and voice-activated digital squelch. Optional features such as embedded

data modem, embedded vocoder, embedded AES encryption, etc., are also available. Moreover, the

addition of new features and upgrading to future technologies are easily made by software updating.

To ensure the best possible communication reliability, Micom Pathfinder Automatic Link

Establishment (ALE) has been certified by the Joint Interoperability Test Center (JITC) to MIL-STD-

188-141B. In addition, the ALE function also provides Automatic Message Display (AMD), that

enables operators to exchange preprogrammed messages while establishing a link. The AMD function

is also used in several advanced optional features, such as automatic position reporting (either

operator-initiated or in response to queries) when a GPS receiver is installed, and automatic adoption

of the encryption key used by the transmitting station (provided the necessary key is available at the

receiving station).

1-3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

This section describes the main equipment units of the Micom Pathfinder radio set, and lists the

options and accessories available for ordering.

1-3.1 Options and Accessories

The following tables list the options and accessories that can be ordered for Micom Pathfinder.

Contact the manufacturer or your local representative if you need an option or accessory not listed

below.

Table

1-1. Available Options

Option Mfg. Cat. No. Description

G424(FVN4841)

2072-09870-20

PC based control and programming software package

G421 2072-09197-10

Internal GPS receiver with polling application

G112 2072-91700-00

High frequency stability (0.1 ppm)

G148 2072-09436-10

Internal vocoder for audio quality enhancement

FVN5225 2072-09740-00

Digital Advanced Encryption System for G148 internal vocoder

option (subject to export license)

G882 2072-09700-10

Internal 4800 bps high speed data modem with Micom-Net e-mail

gateway to Internet software package

FVN5226 2072-09750-00

Digital Advanced Encryption System for G882 data modem option

(subject to export license)

G883 2072-09710-10

Integrated internal vocoder and 4800 bps data modem with

Micom-Net software package (subject to export license)

FVN5227 2072-09770-00

Digital Advanced Encryption System for G883 internal vocoder

and data modem option (subject to export license)

OM-E 2072-09287-00

1-3

Table

1-2. Accessories

Option Mfg. Cat. No. Description

FRN8580 2072-48016-20

Spare carrying harness

FRN8577 2072-09173-10

Spare Lithium-Ion battery

FAD5530 2089-09315-00

Spare portable collapsible whip antenna

FAA5516 2072-09112-00

2-30 MHz, 125W P.E.P tactical portable wideband antenna

package

FAA5507 2072-92201-00

Portable long wire antenna package

FRN8570 2072-09331-00

Single battery charger

FAA5548 2187-09322-00

AT-1743 dipole antenna

FMN5501 2090-09252-00

Spare handset (H-250/U)

1-3.2 Micom Receiver/Transmitter

The Micom Pathfinder receiver/transmitter unit performs the following main functions:

• Generates the transmit signals.

• Demodulates the received signals.

• Processes the GPS signals (optional).

• Provides the interfaces to the operator, and to data equipment using Micom Pathfinder for radio

communications.

Figure 1-2 shows a general view of Micom Pathfinder, including its battery box.

Figure 1-2. Micom Pathfinder

Receiver/Transmitter

The Micom Pathfinder is a complete HF/SSB receiver-transmitter, powered by a 14.4 V Lithium-Ion

battery installed in a battery box attached to the rear side by two clamps. The box houses the battery

and protects the battery against environmental elements.

The nominal output impedance of the Micom Pathfinder is 50 Ω, and therefore it can be directly

connected to broadband antennas (dipoles, traveling wave antennas, delta and semi-delta antennas).

An internal antenna tuner enables using various whip antennas (in addition to the 2.7 meter (9 ft)

antenna offered as a standard for the Micom Pathfinder). The transmitter includes antenna mismatch

protection: if the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is too high, for example, because the antenna

is disconnected or damaged, the transmission will be inhibited to avoid damage, and a message will be

displayed. In addition, if for any reason, the transmitter internal temperature exceeds the maximum

permitted temperature, the transmitter output power is automatically reduced to avoid fault due to

excessive heat.

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1-4

The Micom Pathfinder has an intelligent, user-friendly man-machine interface that enables easy

operation. The display provides feedback to the operator and shows extensive information concerning

system status (e.g., mode of operation, link status, call progress indications, low battery condition,

etc.), as well as the GPS data (when this option is used). Support for multiple languages is also

available.

1-3.3 Carrying Harness

Micom Pathfinder carrying harness consists of

a lightweight nylon harness with adjustable

shoulder straps that enable carrying all the

necessary accessories. Additional waist and

breast straps, also easily adjustable for best fit

and user’s comfort, stabilize the harness while

walking and running.

A foldable rear support enables placing the

harness on ground, vertically, for dismounted

operation.

CAUTION

During dismounted operation, use

the supplied grounding spike and

strap to ground the Micom

Pathfinder unit.

Figure 1-3. Micom Pathfinder Carrying Harness,

General View (Closed for Transport)

For best equipment protection, the carrying harness completely envelops the transceiver. A front flap

with zippers provides easy access to the internal storage compartments for cables and spare battery,

and also permits the installation of the transceiver. After installing the transceiver, the front flap

remains closed: a separate top flap can be opened to access the transceiver front panel, install the

antenna and the handset, and operate the radio set.

Side pouches can be used to carry the folded whip antenna, and other accessories. The optional GPS

antenna is attached to the side of the harness.

1-3.4 FAD5530 Collapsible 9-Foot Whip Antenna

The FAD5530 whip antenna is the standard Micom Pathfinder antenna used for short-range

ground-wave communication, and is suitable for portable operation. Antenna matching is performed

by the Micom internal automatic antenna tuner, and thus FAD5530 is directly connected to the WHIP

connector of the Micom.

The FAD5530 whip antenna consists of two components:

• AT-271A Collapsible Antenna. The antenna is composed of six sections. Each section fits into

the end of a wider section. A stainless-steel plastic-covered cable (or braided plastic cord),

under spring tension, is threaded through the sections to keep them together when operating.

When the sections are folded, the cable keeps them together as a group, to prevent the loss of

individual sections. Spring tension is provided by a spiral spring in the base section.

• AB-591 Antenna Base Adapter. The antenna base adapter serves as the main support for the

AT-271A.

A safety strap is supplied to fasten the antenna sections together, when the radio set is transported with

the antenna folded.

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1-5

1-3.5 FAA5548 (AT-1743) Portable Dipole Antenna

The optional FAA5548 dipole antenna, described in Appendix B, is a lightweight portable antenna for

the frequency range of 2 to 30 MHz. This antenna is recommended for use during static operation,

when long communication ranges are required: when using a properly selected operating frequency,

FAA5548 provides continuous coverage for communication ranges of up to 1,000 kilometers.

The FAA5548 antenna consists of two antenna wires, which are attached to an insulator (center unit).

The insulator is connected by means of the coaxial feed cable to the front-panel DIPOLE connector.

The length of the antenna wires is coarsely adjusted in accordance with the operating frequency. Two

cords are used to stretch the wires. The cords are fastened to nearby supports, e.g. trees, poles, etc.

When properly adjusted to the operating frequency range, the FAA5548 input impedance is close to

50 Ω, and therefore it is possible to connect FAA5548 directly to the DIPOLE connector of the Micom

Pathfinder. When the selected operation mode involves automatic changing of the operating

frequency, e.g., for ALE operation, the antenna should be adjusted to the average operation frequency.

1-3.6 GPS Antenna, AT-1000 (for Use with Option G421)

The GPS antenna, AT-1000, is a compact active omnidirectional antenna which connects to the GPS

connector of the Micom Pathfinder through a coaxial cable that carries both DC power and the

received GPS signals. The AT-1000 has a threaded stud on its base, which can be used to fasten the

antenna to an appropriate adapter. Figure 1-4 shows a general view of the antenna.

Figure 1-4. GPS Antenna, AT-1000

For use in Micom Pathfinder, the required adapter is AD-1000P, and the coaxial cable is CG-5602.

AD-1000P is used to attach the AT-1000 to the Micom Pathfinder carrying harness. Figure 1-5 shows

a general view of the antenna adapter.

Figure 1-5. GPS Antenna Adapter, AD-1000P

1-3.7 Handset, FMN5501 (H250/U)

FMN5501 is a dynamic handset with a noise-suppression microphone complying with MIL-H-49078

(EL). It has a five-pin audio connector for connection to one of the Micom AUDIO connectors.

1-3.8 Loudspeaker, LS-108M (Optional)

The LS-108M is a portable 0.3 W loudspeaker that connects to one of the AUDIO connectors on the

radio front panel. The LS-108M is designed for field combat use, and may be attached to a belt or

harness. It allows a commander to monitor radio communications while the radio operator remains in

full control of the radio set.

A volume control on the housing provides adjustable sound level. The loudspeaker has an additional

AUDIO connector, which permits the connection of an additional handset.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

1-6

1-3.9 16 Ah Lithium-Ion Battery, FRN8577

FRN8577 is a rechargeable Lithium-Ion battery that

provides a 14.4 V nominal voltage, and a nominal

capacity of 16 ampere-hours. The battery has a

plastic outer case with safety vent. The battery has

two connectors, one for powering the transceiver,

and the other for charging. Internal electronic

circuits protect against short-circuits, undervoltage,

excessive temperature, and overcharging.

Charge

Connector

Radio

Connector

Figure 1-6. Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery,

FRN8577

1-3.10 Battery Charger, FRN8570B

FRN8570B is a portable automatic battery charger for FRN8577 rechargeable Lithium-Ion batteries.

FRN8570B can be powered from 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz. Its operation is fully automatic, and thus

ensures full charging of batteries to their rated capacity, while prolonging the operational life of

batteries by providing optimum charging conditions.

Refer to Appendix A for additional information.

1-3.11 Utilities

To fully and efficiently utilize the Micom Pathfinder’s advanced capabilities, the following utility

packages are offered as options:

• The radio operational parameters can be programmed using the Micom Radio Control

Application (MRC), option FVN4841 (G424). For further details, refer to “Micom Radio

Control Application Owner’s Guide”, Publication OM-E 2072-09602-10.

• Data communications are supported by the MicomNET e-Mail/Gateway over HF Software

Package, covered by the “MicomNET e-Mail/Gateway over HF Software Package User’s

Guide”, Publication 6886864J01.

Orientation

Dot

PC-COM1

PC-COM2

Figure 1-7. PC-Micom Data Cable

All the utilities listed above run on PCs using the Windows(™) operating system, and require two of

the serial RS-232 asynchronous (COM) ports of the PC for communication with the Micom

receiver/transmitter: COM2 is used as the radio control port, and COM1 is used as the modem data

port. A special data cable is available for connecting the two PC serial ports to the Micom DATA

connector.

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1-7

1-4. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

General

Model M95AMN0KV5-K+G873

Transmit Frequency Range 1.6 to 30 MHz

Receive Frequency Range 0.1 to 30 MHz (0.1 to 1.6 MHz reduced performance)

RF Impedance • DIPOLE connector: 50 Ω

• WHIP connector: internal automatic tuner for whip antenna

Number of Channels 200 simplex or half duplex, user programmable

Scanning • 5 groups with up to 100 channels per group, including 1 guard

channel.

• Programmable scan rate: 1 to 5 sec. per channel, in 1 sec. steps

ALE MIL-STD-188-141B, JITC certified, MultiNet support

Frequency Stability 0.6 ppm (0.1 ppm optional)

Frequency Resolution 10 Hz

Data and Remote Control

Interfaces

RS-232C

Modes of Operation • SSB (USB or LSB, user-selectable)

• PILOT

• AME

Services • Analog voice

• Digital voice (internal low-rate vocoder)

• Data using internal modem (50 to 4800 bps)

• COMSEC (digital NIST-certified advanced encryption system

(AES), available as option for the vocoder and/or internal

modem, internal storage of up to 7 keys)

Audio Bandwidth Automatic switching between voice and data

Voice Bandwidth 350 to 2700 Hz

Data Bandwidth Operator-selectable:

2.1 kHz: 350 to 2100 Hz

3.0 kHz: 350 to 3000 Hz

3.3 kHz: 350 to 3300 Hz (also used by internal modem)

Operating Voltage 13. 8 VDC ±20%, negative ground

Dimensions 110 H × 222 W × 220 D mm (4.33 H × 8.74 W × 8.66 D inch)

Weight (without battery) 3.6 kg (7.93 lb)

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1-8

Battery

Type Lithium-Ion, rechargeable

Capacity 16 Ah

Nominal Voltage 14.4 V

Minimum Voltage 10.0 V

Maximum Continuous

Current

13 A

Operating Temperature

Range

-30 to +50°C/-22 to +122ºF

Charging Temperature

Range

0 to +50°C/32 to +122ºF

Dimensions (H × W × L) 78.5 × 72.6 × 187.5 mm (3.09 × 2.86 × 7.38 inch)

Weight 1.8 kg

Temperature Range

Operating -30 to +60°C/-22 to +140ºF

Storage -40 to +85°C/-40 to +185ºF

Humidity Max. 95% at 50°C

Shock and Vibration MIL-STD-810E and MIL-STD-810F

Transmitter

Output Power 5, 10, 15, 25 W P.E.P and average, user-selectable

TX/RX Switching Time 10 msec

Tx Tuning Adjustments None

Current Consumption

(single tone)

Max 11A

Receiver

Sensitivity (SINAD) SSB • 0.5 µV for 10 dB SINAD (0.35 µV typical)

• 0.1 to 1.6 MHz with reduced performance

Audio Power at Speaker External 5W @ 2.5% distortion

Squelch Constant SINAD (digital)

Clarifier Range ±200 Hz in 10 Hz steps

Current Consumption • Max 0.9A without modem

• Max 1.1A with modem option

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1-9

Connectors

Table

1-3. DATA Connector, Pin Functions

Pin Description

1 Not connected

2 Serial control communication transmit output (to RADIO connector)

3 Serial control communication receive input (to RADIO connector)

4 Not connected

5 Ground line

6 Serial data communication transmit output (to RADIO and MODEM connectors)

7 Serial data communication receive input (to RADIO and MODEM connectors)

Table

1-4. AUDIO Connectors, Pin Functions

Pin Description

A Ground line

B Receive audio output to external speaker

C Activates transmission by short to ground

D Input audio signals generated by the microphone (600 Ω

impedance; 6 mV tone is required for full output power)

E Receive audio output (600 Ω) to earphone

F Power output to microphone

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Intentionally Left Blank

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2-1

CHAPTER 2

INSTALLATION

2-1. SCOPE

This Chapter provides installation instructions for Micom Pathfinder.

WARNING

Lithium-Ion batteries, FRN8577, contain dangerous chemicals. Handle

and dispose of Lithium-Ion batteries according to the prescribed safety

regulations. In particular, observe the following precautions:

1. Do not short-circuit Lithium-Ion batteries, FRN8577.

2. Do not damage battery case and do not tamper with battery in any

way.

3. Do not expose to heat or flame.

4. Do not dispose of Lithium-Ion batteries by burning or incinerating.

5. Always charge battery only with the FRN8570B charger.

2-2. UNPACKING

a. A preliminary inspection of the equipment containers should be made prior to unpacking.

Evidence of damage should be noted and reported immediately to the proper authorities.

Unpack the equipment as follows:

(1) Place each container on a clean flat surface, cut all straps, and open or remove the top.

(2) Take out each item carefully and place it securely on a clean surface.

(3) Remove the packing material while looking for small items.

(4) Fold and store the containers and packing materials for future use.

b. Checking Unpacked Equipment.

(1) Inspect all items for damage. Immediately report any damage found.

(2) Check all items against the items listed in the accompanying packing slip and/or the

appropriate list of items given in the equipment manual.

(3) Report any missing items or discrepancies. Shortage of a minor part which does not

affect the proper functioning of the equipment should not prevent use of the equipment.

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2-2

2-3. MICOM PATHFINDER ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE

The assembly of a Micom Pathfinder radio set and its preparation for operation includes the following

steps:

• Installation of Micom battery

• Installation in carrying harness

• Installation of antenna and audio accessories

• Wearing the carrying harness.

2-3.1 Installation of Battery

1. Check that the volume/power control

of the Micom Pathfinder is set to the

fully counter-clockwise detent

position, OFF.

2. Place the unit face down on a clean,

flat surface.

3. Release the two clamps holding the

battery cover on the bottom of the

unit and remove the cover.

4. Remove old battery, if any.

5. Align battery connector with the two

power pins protruding from the

bottom of the unit, and push the

battery in place.

6. Visually check battery cover for dirt

or damage. Clean if necessary.

7. Reinstall the battery cover and fasten

with the two clamps.

Battery

Connector

Battery, FRN8577

Battery

Cover

Figure 2-1. Installing the Battery

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2-3

2-3.2 Installation in Carrying Harness

2-3.2.1 Familiarization with Carrying Harness

Figure 2-2 shows a general front view of the closed carrying harness. The harness can be weared on

the operator’s back, or placed on the ground, using the rear support to hold it in a vertical position.

Front

Flap

Top Protection

Flap

Attach GPS

Antenna Adapter

to one

of these Strapss

Adjustment

Buckles

Adjustment

Buckles

Rear Support

(Deployed Position)

Waist

Strap

Shoulder Strap

Breast Strap

Side Accessories

Pouches

Loudspeaker

Pocket

Figure 2-2. Carrying Harness, Front View (Closed)

The carrying harness transceiver compartment is closed by a front flap, which can be unzipped and

raised as shown in Figure 2-3. This provides full access to the interior of the carrying harness for

installing the transceiver, or retrieving stored items (spare battery, charger, cables, etc.). Additional

storage pouches for large accessories, e.g., folded whip antenna, handset, etc., are located on the sides

of the carrying harness. The optional GPS antenna (mounted on the adapter, AD-1000P) can be

attached to one of the top side straps (either on the left or right hand side of the harness). The optional

portable loudspeaker, LS-108M, can be inserted in a special pocket at the right-hand side, or attached

with a strap to the harness. During operations, the audio accessory (handset or microphone) can be

attached with a strap to the front side of the desired shoulder strap.

In addition to the front flap, the carrying harness has a top protection flap: when the front flap is

closed, it is possible to open the top flap to gain access to the Micom front panel and to most of the

stored items.

Figure 2-3 shows the carrying harness with the front flap open. Note the internal storage pockets, and

in particular the spare battery compartment. The transceiver, with battery, is installed in the

compartment located above the spare battery storage, behind a restrainer plate. After the transceiver is

in place, the restrainer is pressed against the transceiver body by tightening the four side restraining

straps. Two additional top restraining straps, passing along the sides of the transceiver, are attached to

the handles, to prevent vertical movement. After the transceiver is secured, the front flap can be

closed.

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2-4

Spare Battery

Compartment

Transceiver Restraining

Side Straps

(4 places)

Top Transceiver

Restraining Straps

Passthrough Slots

for Cables

Front Flap

in Open Position

Cable Storage

Pocket

Internal

Storage

Pockets

Restrainer

Figure 2-3. Carrying Harness with Front Flaps Raised

2-3.2.2 Installation Procedure

1. Place the carrying harness on a clean, level surface.

2. Release the four straps (two on each side).

3. Unzip the front flap, and then raise the flap as shown in Figure 2-4.

4. If necessary, store a spare battery in its storage compartment.

5. Release the two top transceiver restraining straps, and the four side restraining straps.

6. Orient the transceiver as shown in Figure 2-4, and then place it in position, behind the restrainer

plate.

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2-5

Front Flap

in Open Position

1. Open Top and

Side Transceiver

Restraining Straps

(6 places)

2. Insert Transceiver

Insert Spare Battery

in Storage Compartment

Figure 2-4. Installing Transceiver in Carrying Harness

7. Fasten the four transceiver restraining straps to secure the transceiver behind the restrainer plate.

8. Pass each top transceiver restraining strap over the corresponding transceiver handle, and fasten

the straps. See detail of transceiver installed in harness in Figure 2-5.

9. Ensure all transceiver restraining straps are tight.

10. Place all the items to be stored inside the carrying harness in the corresponding storage pockets.

11. Close the front flap and secure with its zipper.

12. Insert all the items to be stored in the side accessories pouches, close the pouches, and then

secure the pouches with the corresponding straps.

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2-6

Top Restraining Straps

(2 places)

Figure 2-5. Detail of Transceiver in its Carrying Harness

2-3.2.3 Installation of Optional AD-1000P and GPS Antenna AT-1000

1. If the optional GPS receiver will be in use, insert the GPS support strap in the top loop of the

optional AD-1000P, and slide the AD-1000P in place.

2. Insert the other end of the AD-1000P in a suitable slot, as shown in Figure 2-6, and then secure

the AD-1000P by fastening the strap.

GPS Antenna

Support Strap

AT-1000

AD-1000P

CG-5602

Figure 2-6. GPS Antenna Installed on Harness

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2-7

1. Insert the threaded stud of the AT-1000 in

the AD-1000P hole.

2. Turn the captive nut of the AD-1000P

clockwise to fasten the AT-1000 to the

adapter.

3. Remove the cover from the GPS

connector of the Micom.

4. Connect the TNC connector of the

CG-5602 cable to the AT-1000 connector,

and tighten the connector.

5. Plug the connector at the other CG-5602

end into the Micom GPS connector.

Turn Clockwise to

Fasten Antenna

AD-1000P

AT-1000

Captive

Locking Nut

2-3.2.4 Orienting the GPS Antenna Toward the Sky

When the GPS function is used, the GPS antenna must point toward the sky at all times.

The AD-1000P has two positions:

• Standing position: directs the antenna toward the sky when the Micom operator stands or walks.

• Prone position: directs the antenna toward the sky when the Micom operator lays on the ground.

To rotate the GPS antenna from the standing

position to the prone position:

1. Pull the AD-1000P lock pin out.

2. Turn the GPS antenna counter-clockwise.

3. Release the lock pin, and make sure it snaps

into the corresponding hole locking the antenna

and preventing it from rotating.

The same procedure is used to return the GPS

antenna to the standing position.

CAUTION

Make sure that the CG-5602 cable is

not pulled nor stressed when the

AD-1000P is rotated.

2. Turn GPS Antenna

3. Release Pin

AT-1000

To GPS Connector

CG-5602

1. Pull Lock Pin Out

AD-1000P

GPS Antenna in Standing Position

To GPS Connector

CG-5602

GPS Antenna in Prone Position

2-3.3 Installation of Whip Antenna

Before starting make sure that the top protection flap is fully open.

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2-8

To install the antenna:

1. Remove cover from the WHIP connector on the Micom front panel.

2. Visually check the connector for dirt or damage. Clean if necessary.

3. Screw antenna support AB-591 into the Micom WHIP connector. Tighten by hand only.

4. Extend the whip, and secure all sections by inserting them one into the other by hand.

5. Screw whip antenna sections into antenna support, AB-591.

NOTE

When the radio set is not in use, you may fold the antenna without

disconnecting it from the WHIP connector. In this case, fasten the

folded sections using the safety belt supplied with the antenna. Before

starting transmission, make sure to release the safety belt and extend

the antennas.

To remove the whip antenna, perform the above tasks in the reverse order.

CAUTION

When folding the whip, always start with the upper section, otherwise

it may be damaged.

2-3.4 Connection of Audio Accessories

Connect the handset, FMN5501, to either of the AUDIO connectors on the front panel of the Micom.

You may secure the handset to the front side of a supporting strap.

If the optional LS-108M loudspeaker is used, insert it in the pocket and secure it with the straps, or

attach it with a strap passing through its top and bottom hooks. Connect the loudspeaker cable to one

of the AUDIO connectors on the front panel of the Micom. Route the audio cables through the

dedicated passthrough slots on the back of the harness.

2-3.5 Wearing Backpack Carrying Harness

To wear backpack:

• Put harness on your back by inserting arms through shoulder straps.

• Tighten shoulder straps if necessary by adjusting the strap buckles.

• Buckle waist straps to belt and adjust to size.

• Adjust the breast strap length and then attach the strap.

At this stage, the Micom Pathfinder is ready for use as a manpack radio set.

2-3.6 Operating Micom Pathfinder on Ground

To operate the Micom Pathfinder on the ground, place the backpack on a flat, dry area, and deploy the

rear support to stabilize the harness in a standing position.

For safety, and to achieve best perform, ground the Micom Pathfinder: drive the grounding spike into

the ground close to the radio, and then connect the grounding strap between the front panel grounding

post and the grounding spike.

2-4. USING THE FAA5548 TACTICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA

In static operation, the Micom Pathfinder can be used with an FAA5548 tactical dipole antenna. Refer

to Appendix B for FAA5548 installation and operation instructions.

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3-1

CHAPTER 3

OPERATING PROCEDURES

3-1. SCOPE

This Chapter describes the Micom Pathfinder controls, indicators and connectors, and explains its

specific operating procedures. The Chapter is organized as follows:

• information needed to familiarize with the equipment panels – para. 3-2

• procedures for using the Micom Pathfinder keypad and display to perform any desired task –

para. 3-3, and para. 3-10, 3-11

• how to start using a radio ready for operation (i.e., a radio installed in accordance with Chapter

2 and programmed in accordance with Chapter 4) – para. 3-5

• specific operating procedures for each main operating mode of the radio:

 Channel mode – para. 3-6

 Frequency mode – para. 3-7

 Scan mode – para. 3-8

 ALE mode – para. 3-12

• procedures for using the GPS receiver – para. 3-9.

3-2. MICOM CONTROLS, INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS

Figure 3-1 explains the functions of the front panel controls, connectors and indicators.

GPS

D ATA

D I P O L E

W H I P

ALM

GPS

A U D I O

OFF

Internal

Speaker

Display

DATA

Connector

for GPS

Antenna

Not used

Up/Down

Scrolling Keys

Used to scroll

values

Move

cursor to

the left

ON/OFF & Volume Control

Turns radio on and off and

controls the speaker volume

AUDIO Connectors

Connectors for

external speaker

and handset

Tx Indicator

Lights when

radio is

transmitting

Keypad

A set of keys used to

enter alphanumeric data

Function Keys

Displays the

main menu

MENU Key

Cancels last action

and reverts to the

previous screen

ESC Key

Saves the selection

and/or value

ENTER Key

MORE Key

Displays additional

menu options when

appear in the display.

Also moves cursor

to the right

WHIP Connector

(for FAD5530)

DIPOLE Connector

(for FAA5548)

Grounding

Post

Activates the function

or selects the option

displayed next to

each key

Figure 3-1. Micom Front Panel Controls, Indicators and Connectors

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3-2

Figure 3-2 identifies the connectors located on the Micom rear side. The rear side includes a two-pin

connector, for connecting the power, and a 44-pin connector. The 44-pin connector is normally

covered by the battery, and therefore it is not available for use in manpacks.

Battery

Connector

ACCESSORY

Connector

Figure 3-2. MICOM Rear Side Connectors

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3-3

3-3. FAMILIARIZATION WITH MICOM OPERATING PROCEDURES

This section provides general procedures that will help you start using your radio and get the most of

its advanced features. Most of the activities that can be performed by you (selection of operating mode,

programming, testing, etc.) are done using the keypad together with the navigation and function keys,

and the front panel display.

To simplify operation, Micom function keys operate as soft keys and therefore they permit you control

the radio simply and efficiently, using a menu-driven mode that guides you and helps you make the

required selections. “Menu-driven” simply means that whenever you must select a parameter, an

operating mode, etc., you select it from a list of allowed values displayed on the front panel display,

thereby reducing the chance of error:

• To make a selection, you use navigation keys to reach the desired parameter value or action, and

then confirm the selection by pressing the ENTER key.

• To go back to previous options, or cancel the current selection or action, press the ESC

key.

3-3.1 Display Functions

3-3.1.1 Display Organization

PWR

MODE

AGC

CH 6

F 16,000.00

USB

CLAR

SQ BW3.3

AGC

IATU

No. Designation Description

1 Mode indicator Indicates the current working mode (e.g., channel, frequency, ALE,

etc.) or the action being performed (e.g., programming, testing, etc.)

2 Work area Displays information on the current working mode, the main operating

parameters, the active options, status, etc.

3 Transmit level

indicator

In the transmit mode, displays the relative transmit power

4 Receive level

indicator

In the receive mode, displays the relative received signal strength

5 Tx bar Appears when the radio is transmitting

6 More options Icon The presence of this icon indicates that more options can be displayed

in the options area. When this icon appears, press the MORE key to

see menu options

7 Options display area Displays a list of options you can select, by pressing the corresponding

key, in the current working mode

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3-4

3-3.1.2 Mode and Function Indications

The following indications may appear in the work area of the LCD display, to indicate the selected

mode or functions that are active.

Indication

Meaning

USB Using upper sideband for transmission and reception

LSB Using lower sideband for transmission and reception

SQ Squelch is active: the speaker is turned on only when the radio identifies speech, to

prevent reception noise from being heard

MON When using ALE, indicates that the speaker is normally off, and is automatically

turned on when the link is established

AGC Non-standard AGC mode (AGC off, or fast AGC) has been selected

BW Non-standard bandwidth has been selected (the bandwidth appears next to the BW

indicator, for example, 3.3 (3.3 kHz) in the screen shown above)

NB Noise blanker is active

CLAR Clarifier is active (meaning that you selected a frequency deviating from the nominal

channel frequency)

NF Notch filter is active

IATU Internal ATU enabled (always needed with whip antenna)

EATU Dipole antenna, or external ATU (internal ATU disabled)

3-3.1.3 RF Level Indications

Indication Meaning

Strong received signal

Weak received signal

Received RF signal strength indication, displayed when the radio is

in the receive mode. The height provides a relative indication,

which may fluctuate as a result of fading, etc.

– Full transmit power

– Relative transmit power

– Low transmit power

– Reflected power

Transmit bar, appears when the radio is switched to the transmit

mode (for example, when the PTT is pressed). Its length indicates

the maximum radio transmit power in the selected mode (MAX,

HIGH, MED or LO). The triangle height indicates the instantaneous

relative transmit output power, and therefore it fluctuates as a result

of modulation.

The relative reflected power is indicated by the base line: its length

indicates the fraction of power reflected because of antenna VSWR

(the length should be small relative to the total height of the

transmit bar, which is proportional to the forward power)

3-3.1.4 Using the Keypad

Each key is imprinted with a numeral and several letters.

These characters are accessed in clockwise order, as follows:

• A single key press enters the numeral

• Two consecutive key presses enter the first letter

• Three consecutive key presses enter the second letter

• Four consecutive key presses enter the third letter.

• Five consecutive key presses enter the fourth letter.

• To enter a blank space, press

twice.

G J

H K

I L

ALM

GPS

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3-5

When entering frequencies, use the

key as a decimal point, if needed. In the ALE mode, the

key is also used to enter the wild-card character (? or @).

To enter the ampersand @ symbol, press the

key twice.

Example: To enter a number in a field, or edit (change) the number, you type the desired digits on the

keypad.

Example: To enter an alphanumeric string in a field, or edit a string, you type the desired

alphanumeric character by pressing the appropriate key several times in sequence. For example, to

enter “MIKE 01”:

Press

twice (for the letter M).

Press

four times (for the letter I).

Press

three times (for the letter K).

Press

three times (for the letter E).

Press

twice (for the blank space).

Press

once (for the numeral 0).

Press

once (for the numeral 1).

3-3.1.5 Function Keys

The function keys F1, F2, F3 and F4 appearing next to the display are

soft keys used to select options which depend on the current radio

mode. The current function of each key is shown in the options area of

the display, next to the key. For example, on the PROG screen you can

press F2 to start programming the ALE parameters.

If a certain function key is not used, no label appears next to the key

(see for example F4), and pressing that key has no effect.

RAD

ALE

LANG

PROG

3-3.1.6 Options Scroll (MORE) Key

When more than four options are available in the options area of the display, press the MORE key to

display the additional options.

To return to the first option, press the ESC key.

3-3.1.7 Up/Down Scroll Keys

The up and down scroll keys are used to scroll between values that are already

programmed into the radio. For example:

• In the Channel mode, pressing the up or down scroll key once lets you

view the previous, respectively next, programmed channel. Pressing

either key continuously scrolls the channels in the selected direction.

• In the Frequency mode, you can change the frequency in the

corresponding direction.

• In the radio Programming mode, you can use these keys to scroll

among the programmable parameters.

• When displaying GPS data, you can use these keys to toggle the display

format.

Down

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3-6

3-3.1.8 Selection from List of Predetermined Values

When the parameter you want to select can assume only one of several

predetermined values, you select the desired value by pressing the function

keys:

• F1 enters the lowest possible value (or OFF)

• F4 enters the highest possible value

• F2 and F3 increment or decrement the value. When you reach either

end, the corresponding key disappears.

PROG

ADT - 9 SEC

<--

-->

You cannot use the keypad to enter a value for such parameters.

3-3.1.9 Toggle Mode

When the function being set can only be toggled on or off, one function key

will be marked YES and another NO.

To expedite turning on and off often-used functions (for example, turn the

squelch on or off) only one key is used. In this case, just press the key

assigned to the function to be toggled: the new state is shown for a few

seconds, and then disappears as it takes effect immediately.

PROG

ALE - NO

YES

3-3.1.10 Alphanumeric Edit Mode

When you need to enter an alphanumeric string in a field, or edit a string, you type the desired

alphanumeric character on the keypad. A blinking cursor _ indicates the location being edited.

In addition, the following function keys are available:

SAVE (F1)

Saves editing changes (equivalent to pressing the ENTER key).

<−−

<−−<−−

<−− (F2)

−−>

−−> −−>

−−> (F3)

Used to move the cursor backwards and forwards. When you reach either end, the

corresponding key disappears.

CLR (F4) Pressing this key momentarily erases the digit/letter at which the cursor is presently

located, and shifts the entire field one place to the left. Press this key continuously

clears the entire field.

3-3.1.11 Numeric Edit Mode

When you need to enter a number in a field, or edit the number, you type the desired digits on the

keypad. A blinking cursor _ indicates the location being edited.

In addition, the following function keys are available:

BACK (F3)

Erases the last digit.

CLR (F4) Erases all newly entered digits and restores the original value.

3-3.1.12 View Mode

When the string to be displayed is longer than the number of characters

that fit in one line (for instance, with long addresses or messages), the

view mode enables scrolling to the rest of the string.

The view mode is indicated by the symbol < − >

< − >< − >

< − > next to one of the

function keys.

EDIT

ERAS

<->

AMD 0

AMD

MESS

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-7

When you press < − >

< − >< − >

< − >, the key functions change:

HOME (F1)

Scrolls to display the first character of the string.

<−−

<−−<−−

<−− (F2)

−−>

−−> −−>

−−> (F3)

Scroll one character to the left or right, respectively. If

you press either key cont

inuously, the scrolling

continues at a rate of four characters per second.

END (F4) Scrolls to display the last character of the string.

HOME

<--

-->

END

AMD 0

AMD

MESSA

When you reach the beginning of the string, the HOME (F1) and <−−

<−−<−−

<−− (F2) function keys disappear,

whereas when you reach the end of the string, the −−>

−−> −−>

−−> (F3) and END (F4) function keys disappear.

3-3.1.13 Message Attached Alert

When a message is attached to the received call (an option available for

ALE calls, even if you are using the Channel mode), an exclamation

sign ! appears to the left of the originating station name.

You can view the message contents after you accept the call.

FROM

!ABC

3-3.2 Audible Indications

The user can configure the radio to generate audible tones to indicate events related to the radio

operating conditions. The tone volume, low or high, may also be set using the MRC, or by

programming from the front panel.

Event Description

Valid key pressing

Beep sounds when a key is pressed, to indicate that the key pressing has been

accepted. No beep – no action.

PTT release A beep sounds on the remote radio to indicate that the local PTT button has

been released.

ALE alerts During ALE operation, beeps alert you to events you should be aware of, e.g.,

link establishment/disconnection, etc.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-8

3-4. MENU STRUCTURE

The menu is used to select and control what you want your radio to do.

3-4.1 Displaying the Main Menu

To display the menu:

1. Press MENU to display the first part of the Menu screen.

You can press the MENU key at any time during any sequence of

operations: that sequence is then discontinued and the menu screen is

immediately displayed.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

NOTE

The menu structure depends on the operating mode selected

by the user. For example, when the ALE function is not used,

the third item is either SCAN.

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second part of the Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

Press MORE again to scroll to the third part of the Menu screen.

SPKR

3. To select any item, press the function key next to it.

To exit the menu and return to regular radio operations (e.g., CHAN or FREQ):

4. Press the ESC key. The deeper you are in the menu, the more times you need to press ESC.

3-4.1.1 Selecting the Display Language

5. Display the second part of the Menu screen as explained above.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

6. Press PROG (F2) to enter the Programming mode.

RAD

ALE

LANG

PROG

7. Press the function key next to the desired language.

8. Confirm the selection by pressing the ENTER key.

LANG

ENGLISH

ENGL

FREN

ESPA

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3-9

3-4.2 What you can Select on the Main Menu

DIM

LEVEL

0 1 2 3

CHAN FREQ

FULL

CHAN

L.RF

BIT

LOCK

PSW

LOCK PROG

PSW

OLD

PSW

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

SCAN

RAD

STOP

SLOW

FAST

GRP

ALE

NET

Main Menu

ALE

ENTER

ALE (PROG) = YES ALE (PROG) = NO

VCD

ENGLISH

FRENCH

ESPA

LANG

OPTION

SPKR

OFF

More More

Figure

3-3. Main Menu

Use the following description with Figure 3-3, which shows the details of the main menu.

Menu item ... and its purpose

CHAN Channel mode: the radio uses a set of preset parameters. Up to 200 sets of parameters

can be defined and stored in the Micom, where each set is assigned a channel number (1

to 200). You can use Figure 3-4

to find details on the selections available on the CHAN

menu.

FREQ Frequency mode: you can select manually the frequency (free tune mode) and the other

parameters to be used. You can use Figure 3-5 to find details on the selections available

on the FREQ menu.

ALE ALE mode: when you want to call other radio, the radio automatically sets up a link on

the best free frequency that can be found. You can also call specific radio sets, a group

of radio, or broadcast to all the radio sets. The sets of parameters needed for this

operation mode are stored under net numbers (1 to 20), the radio sets are identified by

addresses stored by the radio in a directory supporting up to 100 addresses.

SCAN SCAN mode: when neither the ALE, nor the CCIR mode, is used, you can define a set

of channels to be scanned before starting a call. The scan parameters are always loaded

by the MRC together with the other operational parameters, and cannot be changed

using the Micom panel.

BIT BIT mode: lets you check that the Micom is OK.

LOCK Lock the radio to prevent unauthorized use. To lock and unlock, you enter a password.

PROG Programming mode: lets you program (select and store) the required parameters. Refer

to Chapter 4 for details on the selections available on the PROG menu.

PSW Used to change the password.

DIM Used to adjust LCD lighting.

SPKR Used to enable/disable the internal speaker.

3-4.3 Notational Conventions

In this manual, the following conventions are used to simplify the description of the steps you need to

carry out actions using the keys and the LCD:

When a procedure begins with a sequence of steps, that sequence is represented in an abbreviated

format, with the > symbol indicating the next key to be pressed.

For instance, the following represents a sequence of steps that involves five key pressings:

MENU > MORE > PROG (F2) > RAD (F1) > CHAN (F1).

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3-10

3-5. GETTING STARTED

This section provides basic operating instructions: it covers issues such as turning the radio on and off,

preparing it for operation in your particular environment, receiving and transmitting, selecting a

channel or a frequency, etc.

NOTES

• The information needed to use Micom in the ALE mode appears in

para. 3-12.

• The information needed to use the Micom GPS receiver appears in

para. 3-9.

You can use these instructions to start using your Micom radio. To become familiar with all the radio

capabilities and features, refer to the following sections. In most cases, the radio reaches you after

being configured for use in your radio net. However, if you need to make changes, refer to Chapter 4.

3-5.1 Turning the Radio On and Off

To turn the radio on:

1. Turn the ON/OFF/VOLUME knob clockwise to midrange. You

may hear a click as the radio is turned on.

2. The display turns on and shows SELF TEST for a few seconds.

NOTE

If the display is too dim, adjust its brightness using

MENU > MORE > DIM.

SELF TEST

3. If the self-test procedure is successfully completed, the radio

automatically resumes operation in the last used mode (CHAN,

FREQ, ALE, or SCAN).

BAND

DSP

CH 1

14,000.00

USB

IATU

4. If necessary, adjust the volume control for your convenience.

NOTE

To increase the battery life, Micom Pathfinder has an automatic

dimmer feature. The automatic dimmer feature turns the lighting

off (that is, automatically sets the dimmer level to 0) when the

radio is not in use for 20 seconds. However, as soon as you

press any key or the PTT, the lighting is automatically turned on

at the operator-selected brightness, and remains ON for 20

seconds after the last key pressing, or after the PTT is released.

If automatic dimming is enabled (DIM is YES), the display may

turn off after a few seconds of inactivity. To cancel this feature,

use MENU > MORE > PROG > RAD > PRMT > DIM to select

NO for DIM.

If a problem is detected during self-test, the display shows ERR and a code number, followed by a

concise description of the error (if the description does not fit in one row, its parts alternate in the

display). If the detected problem does not prevent using the radio, press EXIT to cancel the display

and continue.

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3-11

To turn the radio off:

Turn the ON/OFF/VOLUME knob counterclockwise beyond the detent. You

may hear a click as the radio is turned off.

The display turns blank.

3-5.2 Preparation for Operation

3-5.2.1 Antenna Type Selection

After turning the Micom Pathfinder on, it is necessary to check the antenna type, and change it as

necessary.

Use the following procedure to select the antenna type:

1. Press the MENU key, and scroll to MENU > MORE > PROG > RAD, to display the RADIO

PROGRAMMING screen.

2. Navigate to the last item (next to F4) on the RADIO PROGRAMMING screen, which shows

the current antenna type:

• WHI – whip, for example, FAD5530. In this case, the internal antenna tuner is automatically

enabled (select ON on the MENU>MORE>PROG>ACC TUNE screen) and it is not

possible to disable the tuner as long as the selected antenna is WHI.

• DIP – dipole, for example, FAA5548. When you select DIP, the internal antenna tuner is

disabled by default (NONE on the MENU>MORE>PROG>ACC TUNE screen), however

you can enable the tuner if necessary (for example, it is recommended to enable the tuner

when using a long wire antenna configuration for operation over a wide range of frequencies,

for example, in the ALE mode).

If necessary, press F4 to toggle the selection.

NOTE

When the tuner is enabled, you will see IATU on the default screen.

When the tuner is disabled (for example, after selecting DIP), you will

see EATU.

In addition, when you change the operating channel, you will see for a

few seconds a ...TUNE... message on the screen: this indicates that

the tuner adjusts automatically to operation on the new frequency.

3. If you select DIP and want to enable the tuner, navigate to MENU>MORE>PROG>ACC, and

press F2 (TUNE). Note however that this setting is lost when Micom Pathfinder is turned off, or

WHI is selected again. Therefore, the next time Micom Pathfinder is powered up (or after

selecting again DIP) you must select TUNE again if the tuner must be used when the antenna is

set to DIP.

At this stage, you can start using Micom Pathfinder in accordance with the standard operating

procedures.

3-5.2.2 Enable/Disable the Internal Loudspeaker

When you do not want to use the internal loudspeaker (for example, when connecting the external

loudspeaker, LS-108M), use the following procedure:

1. Press the MENU key, and press the MORE key twice to reach SPKR. The screen displays the

current state, SPEAKER OFF or SPEAKER ON.

2. To toggle the state, press F3. The screen displays the new state.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-12

3-5.2.3 Radio Filter Bandwidth and Service Type

The radio filter bandwidth must be selected in accordance with the type of signal to be transmitted and

received. For the transmit mode, the type of signal is identified by detecting the active PTT signal,

which is one of the following:

• MIC PTT – PTT from the microphone connected to the front panel AUDIO connector;

transmits your voice.

• Data PTT – PTT from a data device, for example, a modem, connected to the radio set through

the DATA connector; it causes the radio to switch to the data mode and transmit the modem

signal.

The radio operating mode is automatically adapted for best performance with the signal expected for

the detected PTT type.

A default filter bandwidth can be configured for each channel using MENU > MORE > PROG >

RAD > CHAN (if no particular filter is set for the current channel, the radio retains the previously

used filter). When a new type of call is received or sent, the bandwidth filter changes automatically,

depending on the PTT source (voice, data or CW), and the programmed bandwidth for the channel

being used.

Bandwidth set to: Service type: Filter changes after:

2.1 kHz Data First data PTT

2.7 kHz Voice First microphone PTT

3.0 kHz Data First data PTT

3.3 kHz High speed data First data PTT

CW Morse First CW PTT

LSM Low speed data First data PTT

NOTE

When the filter bandwidth is set to CW, the following CW filter

bandwidths can be configured in the Programming mode using

MENU > MORE > PROG > RAD > PRMT: 0.25, 0.5 or 0.8 (kHz).

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-13

3-5.3 Transmitting and Receiving

CAUTION

Do not transmit with radio on your back. Place radio on ground before

starting transmit/receive communication, and connect it to the

grounding spike in accordance with Chapter 2.

To transmit a voice message:

Press and hold down the Push-to-Talk (PTT) button of the microphone, and speak slowly and clearly

after the channel is clear.

You should hear a sidetone, which verifies that your radio transmits normally.

NOTE

No sidetone is heard when using the optional

vocoder.

The display changes to show the TX bar, together with indications of

forward and reflected power.

During normal speech, these indications fluctuate in accordance with

your voice.

Forward

Power

Tx Bar

Reflected

Power

To receive calls:

When the radio identifies a call addressed to it, it sounds a beep and if

it is a voice message – you start hearing it in the speaker. The display

shows the name of the calling station (blinking) and the call type. The

display now shows the RX indication, which is proportional to the

received signal strength.

Strong received signal

Weak received signal

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-14

3-6. USING THE CHANNEL MODE

The Channel mode is used to operate on a channel already programmed in the Micom.

The following sections describe how to use the Channel mode.

3-6.1 Channel Mode Options

In the Channel mode, you can operate a variety of functions and options which can help eliminate

noise, or otherwise assist reception and/or transmission.

The structure of the CHAN menu is shown in Figure 3-4.

BAND

DSP

CH 6

CH 6CH 6

CH 6

16,000.00

16,000.0016,000.00

16,000.00

USB

VCD

PVT#

DGTL

CLR

Option

TXM For duplex

and TX only

channels

BAND DSP PWR

LOW

MED

HIGH

MAX

CLAR

OFF

MODE AGC

SLOW

FAST

OFF

2.1

2.7

3.0

3.3

LSM

RCLV

CALL

SEND

PAGE

ALL

NET

GRP

ANY

WILD

SELF

LSB

USB

SSB

AME

PLT

OFF

-200

OFF

+200

CLIP

ATTN

Only for ALE Enabled

MON

OFF

SEND

CHAN

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEND

PAGE

GLOB

SEL

MULT

GPS

Option

IATU

Figure

3-4. Channel (CHAN) Menu

NOTES

• The changing of channel options is temporary. When you select a

different channel, all the current options will be lost and replaced

by the values configured for the newly selected channel.

• The RCLV item appears only if the received signal level display is not

permanently enabled using MENU>PROG>RAD>PRMT> RCLV.

• The GPS item appears only if your radio includes the GPS option.

The following table presents a concise description of the options available in the Channel mode.

Option

Description

TXM Press to switch to the channel transmit frequency (appears only when using a duplex or Tx

only channel). After releasing, the radio returns to the receive frequency.

For a Micom with the internal vocoder option, this position displays PVT, DGTL, or CLR.

Pressing F1 then toggles the operating mode of the vocoder.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-15

Option

Description

BAND Toggles between upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB).

SQ Toggles the squelch on/off. Always select OFF for CW operation.

DSP Accesses the Digital Signal Processing menu, which includes the following options:

•

••

• CLAR Controls the clarifier (off/lower frequency/higher frequency). The function key

is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels.

•

••

• NF Controls the notch filter (off/lower frequency/higher frequency). The function

key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels.

•

••

• CLIP Toggles the clipper on/off.

•

••

• NB Toggles the noise blanker on/off.

•

••

• ATTN Toggles the attenuator on/off.

PWR Selects the transmit power level: LOW – 5W; MED – 10W; HIGH – 15W; MAX – 25W.

MODE Selects the operation mode:

• SSB – single sideband

• AME – amplitude modulation equivalent

• PLT – single sideband with pilot signal.

AGC Controls the automatic gain control function (fast/slow/off).

BW Selects the filter bandwidth:

• 2.1 – 300 to 2100 Hz

• 2.7 – 300 to 2700 Hz

• 3.0 – 300 to 3000 Hz

• 3.3 – 300 to 3300 Hz. Always select this bandwidth for data transmission

• LSM – bandwidth optimized for use with low speed modems (1450 to 1950 Hz)

• CW (Continuous Wave or Morse operation). The bandwidth used in this case is

selected by MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > CW.

RCLV Displays the receive level. The RCLV item appears only if the received signal level display

is not permanently enabled using MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > RCLV.

GPS Displays the GPS data. Refer to para. 3-9 for details.

NOTE

When ALE is active, the following options appear:

• CALL – initiates an ALE call.

• PAGE – displays the stacked received messages.

• MON – enables/disables the speaker during link establishment.

For a description of these options, refer to para. 3-12 (ALE mode).

3-6.2 Selecting the Channel Mode

In general, the Micom automatically enters the Channel mode when it is turned on, and starts using the

last used channel.

If not, use the Menu screen to select the Channel mode: this is the first item on the menu you see when

you press MENU.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-16

To enter the Channel mode:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press CHAN.

The last active channel flashes in the display.

CH 1

3. Press ENTER to confirm your choice, or select another channel as

explained in para. 3-6.3.

BAND

DSP

CH 6

16,000.00

USB

IATU

3-6.3 Choosing a Different Channel

To choose a channel:

1. Press MENU to display the menu screen, and press CHAN.

The last used channel number is displayed, blinking.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

NOTE

To access the priority channel, press ESC momentarily.

The priority channel is available only in the Scan mode,

that is, when ALE is disabled, provided it has been

preprogrammed by the MRC.

2. Select a channel by pressing the UP/DOWN keys until you reach

the required channel,

Type the desired number in the keypad.

BACK

CLR

CH 1

Example: To choose channel 12:

The channel number blinks, indicating that the selection has not yet

been confirmed.

G J

H K

I L

ALM

GPS

Type 12

3. When the desired channel is displayed, press ENTER to confirm

your choice.

NOTE

If you enter a channel that is not yet programmed, a NOT

PROG message appears. To program a new channel,

refer to Chapter 4, or use the MRC software.

BAND

DSP

CH 12

15,000.00

USB

IATU

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-17

3-7. USING THE FREQUENCY MODE

The Frequency mode enables you to select freely the receive and transmit frequencies. You can select

the operating frequency type, change the frequency being used, and operate a variety of functions and

options to assist transmission and reception. You can also store the frequency in a channel of your

choice.

There are four types of operating frequencies:

• SMPX (Simplex Frequency): the same frequency is used for both transmission and reception.

• DPLX (Duplex Frequency): the radio transmits on one frequency and receives on a different

frequency.

• RXO (Receive Only Frequency): defines a frequency for reception only. You cannot transmit

on a frequency configured as RXO.

• TXO (Transmit Only Frequency): defines a frequency for transmission only. You will not

receive on a frequency configured as TXO.

The supported frequency ranges are:

• Reception: 100 kHz to 30 MHz.

• Transmission: 1.6 to 30 MHz.

NOTES

• The Frequency mode is accessible only if the radio is not locked.

To unlock, refer to para. 3-10.

• ALE and Frequency modes are mutually exclusive.

3-7.1 Frequency Mode Options

In the Frequency mode, you can operate a variety of functions and options which can eliminate noise

or otherwise assist reception and/or transmission.

The structure of the FREQ menu is shown in Figure 3-5.

BAND DSP PWR

CLAR

OFF

MODE AGC

SLOW

FAST

OFF

2.1

2.7

3.0

3.3

LSM

RCLV STOR

LSB

USB

SSB

AME

PLT

OFF

-200

OFF

+200

CLIP

ATTN

T/R A/B

A/B

A=B

<− −

<− −<− −

<− −

− −>

− −>− −>

− −>

LOW

MED

HIGH

MAX

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

DRAWING2

Edit: 17/01/11

Print: 17/01/11

GPS

More More More More

BACK

CLR

SMPX

only

Option

Frequency

Change

T/R

BAND

DSP

VCD

PVT#

DGTL

CLR

Option

T/R Select

options

FREQ

FREQFREQ

FREQ

15,000.00

15,000.0015,000.00

15,000.00

USB

IATU

Figure

3-5. FREQ (Frequency) Menu

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-18

The following table presents a concise description of the options available in the Frequency mode.

Option Description

T/R Selects the transmit and receive frequencies and frequency type.

For a Micom with the internal vocoder option, this position displays PVT, DGTL, or CLR.

Pressing F1 then toggles the operating mode of the vocoder.

BAND Toggles between upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB).

SQ Toggles the squelch on/off. Always select OFF for CW operation.

DSP Accesses the Digital Signal Processing menu, which includes the following options:

•

••

• CLAR Enables to control the clarifier (off/lower frequency/higher frequency). The

function key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels.

•

••

• NF Enables to control the notch filter (off/lower frequency/higher frequency).

The function key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels, and in

the CCIR mode.

•

••

• CLIP Toggles the clipper on/off.

•

••

• NB Toggles the noise blanker function on/off.

•

••

• ATTN Toggles the attenuator on/off.

PWR Selects the transmit power level: LOW – 5W; MED – 10W; HIGH – 15W; MAX – 25W.

MODE Selects the operation mode:

• SSB – single sideband

• AME – amplitude modulation equivalent

• PLT – single sideband with pilot signal.

AGC Controls the automatic gain control (fast/slow/off).

BW Selects the filter bandwidth.

• 2.1 – 300 to 2100 Hz

• 2.7 – 300 to 2700 Hz

• 3.0 – 300 to 3000 Hz

• 3.3 – 300 to 3300 Hz. Always select this bandwidth for data transmission

• LSM – bandwidth optimized for use with low speed modems (1450 to 1950 Hz)

• CW (Continuous Wave or Morse operation). The bandwidth used in this case is

selected by MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > CW.

RCLV Displays the receive level. The RCLV item appears only if the received signal level display

is not permanently enabled using MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > RCLV.

STOR Stores the frequency parameters in the selected channel.

< − −

< − −< − −

< − −

and

− − >

− − >− − >

− − >

Move the cursor backwards and forwards. When these function keys are used in

conjunction with the UP/DOWN scroll keys, the frequency scrolls according to the location

of the cursor, enabling you to change the frequency with greater ease.

GPS Displays the GPS data. Refer to para. 3-9 for details.

NOTES

• The RCLV item appears only if the received signal level display is not

permanently enabled using MENU>PROG>RAD>PRMT> RCLV.

• The GPS item appears only if your radio includes the GPS option.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-19

3-7.2 Selecting the Operating Frequency in the FREQ Mode

To enter the frequency mode:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press FREQ (F2). The last used frequency blinks, and the frequency

type is displayed in the top line.

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

SMPX

14,000.00

USB

IATU

The letter preceding the frequency in the second line of the display indicates whether the

frequency is used for Transmission (T), Reception (R) or both transmission and reception (F).

3. To use the displayed frequency and frequency type, press ENTER. If the Frequency type is

DPLX, press ENTER twice to accept both transmission and reception frequencies.

Change the frequency type and the frequency as explained below.

To change the current frequency/frequencies:

1. If you are not in Frequency mode, press MENU to access the Menu

screen, and press FREQ (F2).

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

The last used frequency blinks, and the frequency type is displayed

in the top line.

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

SMPX

14,000.00

USB

IATU

If you are already in the Frequency mode, press MORE until the

T/R function appears next to the F1 function key, and then press

T/R (F1).

T/R

BAND

DSP

FREQ

F 15,000.00

USB

IATU

AGC

The current frequency type is displayed in the top line, followed by

the frequencies in use.

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

DPLX

14,000.00

USB

IATU

2. If necessary, change the frequency type by pressing the relevant function key:

SMPX (F1), DPLX (F2), RXO (F3) or TXO (F4).

NOTE

Different frequency types may have default frequency settings, which

will appear automatically when that frequency type is selected.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-20

3. If you are using the SMPX, RXO or TXO frequency type, and you wish to use the displayed

frequency, press ENTER.

Enter a new frequency. There are two ways to change the frequency.

Method A:

• Press LEFT/RIGHT to move the cursor to the digit in the frequency value that you want

to change. The blinking digit indicates the cursor location.

• Press UP/DOWN to scroll to the value of your choice.

Method B:

• Type the frequency on the keypad. The frequency digits blink,

indicating that the selection has not yet been confirmed.

• When the desired frequency is displayed, press ENTER to

confirm your choice.

BACK

CLR

SMPX

12,345.67

USB

IATU

4. If you are using the DPLX frequency type, the frequency displayed

first is the Rx frequency. If you want to use the displayed frequency,

press ENTER.

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

DPLX

15,000.00

USB

IATU

Enter a new frequency.

The frequency digits blink, indicating that the selection has not yet

been confirmed.

When the desired frequency is displayed, press ENTER to confirm

your choice.

BACK

CLR

DPLX

23,456.00

USB

IATU

5. After confirming the Rx frequency, the Tx frequency blinks in the

display.

If you want to use the displayed Tx frequency, press ENTER.

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

DPLX

14,000.00

USB

IATU

Enter a new frequency.

The frequency digits blink, indicating that the selection has not yet

been confirmed.

When the desired frequency is displayed, press ENTER to confirm

your choice.

BACK

CLR

DPLX

12,345.67

USB

IATU

6. Press ENTER to confirm the frequency type and the frequencies you

have set.

T/R

BAND

DSP

FREQ

F 30,000.00

USB

IATU

AGC

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3-21

3-7.2.1 VFO Operation

VFO (Variable Frequency Offset) is a feature available in the Simplex mode, that enables you to

operate the transceiver simultaneously on two different channels, designated A and B.

• Using the A/B function, you can “freeze” the frequency of channel A, switch to channel B and

then return to channel A again.

• Using the A=B option, you can copy the frequency of the current channel to another channel.

To operate the VFO function:

1. If you are not in the Frequency mode, enter the Frequency mode

and verify that the frequency type is Simplex: MENU > FREQ

(F2) > SMPX (F1) > ENTER.

For more information, see page 3-20.

2. Select the required frequency and press ENTER to confirm your

choice.

T/R

BAND

DSP

FREQ

F 15,000.00

USB

IATU

AGC

3. Press MORE until the A/B function appears next to the F1 function

key.

A/B

<--

-->

FREQ

F 15,000.00

USB

IATU

AGC

4. Press A/B (F1) to select the A/B mode.

The A=B function appears next to the F2 function key’ together

with the first frequency (frequency A).

A/B

A=B

<--

-->

FRQ-A

F 15,000.00

USB

IATU

AGC

5. Press A/B (F1) to alternate between the two frequencies.

A/B

A=B

<--

-->

FRQ-B

F 14,000.00

USB

IATU

AGC

6. Press A=B (F2) to copy the frequency of the displayed channel to the alternate channel.

7. You can adjust the frequency of either A or B at any time, using the following methods:

• Press < − −

< − −< − −

< − − (F3) and − − >

− − >− − >

− − > (F4) to move the cursor backwards and forwards, depending on

the digit you wish to change, and then type the desired digit on the keypad.

• When < − −

< − −< − −

< − − (F3) and − − >

− − >− − >

− − > (F4) are used in conjunction with the UP/DOWN scroll keys,

the frequency digit scrolls according to the location of the cursor.

For instance, if the current frequency is 15,400.54 and the

cursor is at the 100 kHz location (15,_00.54), pressing the

UP/DOWN scroll key will scroll the 100 kHz digit to

1,500.54; 15,600.54; 15,700.54 and so on.

A/B

<--

-->

FREQ

F 15,_00.54

USB

IATU

AGC

To return to the regular Frequency mode:

1. Press MORE until the T/R function appears next to the F1 function key.

2. Press T/R (F1) to select the regular mode.

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3-22

3-7.3 Storing Frequencies

You can store specific frequencies and frequency parameters in channels which you have

programmed.

To store a frequency in a channel:

1. If you are not in the Frequency mode, press MENU to display the Menu screen.

2. Press FREQ.

The last used frequency blinks, and the frequency type is displayed in the top line.

3. If you wish to use the displayed frequency and frequency type, press ENTER. If the frequency

type is DPLX, press ENTER twice to accept both transmission and reception frequencies.

Change the frequency type and the frequency as required (see para. 3-7.1).

4. If necessary, select the other parameters, using the MORE key and pressing the required

function keys.

5. Press MORE twice, and then press STOR.

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3-23

3-8. USING THE SCAN MODE

The Scan mode is available only when ALE is turned off by selecting NONE on MENU > PROG >

RAD > OPTS > ALE.

In the Scan mode, Micom scans preprogrammed channels. In addition, when a guard channel is

selected, it is monitored after every other scanned channel.

The channels used in the Scan mode are organized in groups (you can use the Scan function only after

at least one group has been downloaded by means of the MRC). Up to five scan groups, identified as

A to E, may be created using the MRC, each containing up to 200 channels.

3-8.1 Selecting the Scan Mode

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

2. Press SCAN. The last used group flashes in the display.

NOTE

If no scan group is stored in the radio, after selecting

Scan you will see NO GROUPS, and then the display

skips to the PROG menu.

CHAN

FREQ

SCAN

BIT

3. If you want to use the currently displayed scan group, press ENTER. To select another group,

press the function key corresponding to the group you want to choose, and then press ENTER.

NOTES

• In the Scan mode, one of the five groups is always selected, and

the other groups (up to 4) are displayed next to the function keys.

• If the selected group is not yet programmed, the message GRP X

EMPTY appears in the display, where X is the selected group.

3-8.2 Scan Mode Options

In the Scan mode the parameters that control the scanning and options, and options which can help

eliminate noise or otherwise assist reception and/or transmission.

The following parameters control the scanning operation:

Option

Description

STOP Stops the scanning. When scanning is stopped, the label changes to SCAN: pressing F1

again starts the scanning.

SLOW

Decreases the scanning speed.

FAST Increases the scanning speed. The scan speed can be varied in the range of 150

milliseconds to 5 seconds:

• From 150 to 950 msec, each F2 or F3 pressing results in a 50-msec change.

• From 1 to 5 seconds, each pressing results in a 1-second change.

GRP Selects a scan group

The other options are identical to those available in the Channel mode (see para. 3-6).

NOTE

The changing of the Scan mode options is temporary. When you exit

the Scan mode and then return to Scan, all the current options will be

lost and replaced by the values configured for the various channels.

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3-24

3-9. USING THE GPS RECEIVER (OPTIONAL)

3-9.1 Overview of GPS Receiver Functions

The GPS receiver is an integral part of the Micom transceiver, and can be used whenever the GPS

antenna supplied together with the Micom transceiver is properly connected and installed.

The GPS receiver provides accurate time and navigation data. The navigation data includes the

geographical coordinates (position data) and the altitude. When the Micom transceiver is moving, you

can also see the speed and direction (heading).

The format of the navigation data can be selected in accordance with your needs:

• LLA format: Latitude, longitude and altitude (LLA). The latitude and longitude are displayed in

degrees, with a precision of hundredths of arc minutes (1/100 min); the altitude is reported in

meters, relative to the mean sea level (MSL).

Velocity is reported as the change in the East, North, and Up coordinates, presented in meter/sec

with a precision of 0.001 m/sec.

• ECEF format: Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed format for position and velocity. Provides your

position and velocity in a Cartesian (X, Y, Z) coordinate frame with its center at the Earth's

center, the Z-axis through the North Pole, and the X-axis through 0 degrees longitude, 0 degrees

latitude. The position is reported in meters.

Velocity for each axis (that is, is the change in the X, Y and Z coordinate) is displayed in

meter/sec, with a precision up to 0.001 m/sec.

The time is always presented on basis of the UTC (Universal Time Coordinated).

The information collected by the GPS receiver can be displayed on the Micom display when using the

CH and FREQ modes. In the ALE and CCIR modes, the position data can be reported by means of

AMD messages; it can also be automatically reported in response to position queries (also sent by

AMD messages).

3-9.2 How to Get the Best Results from your Micom GPS Receiver

The GPS receiver extracts the information it needs by analyzing the signals received from GPS

satellites. These satellite periodically transmit navigation messages, where the transmission of each

complete message requires almost 15 minutes. To calculate all the data your GPS receiver is capable

of providing, it must receive and decode navigation messages from at least 4 GPS satellites (the GPS

receiver can use as many as 8 satellites to improve accuracy).

Therefore, after turning a GPS receiver on for the first time after a long period of inactivity, it is

essential to let the GPS receiver operate continuously for at least 15 minutes, to enable it to collect

updated almanac data. After this initial 15-minute interval, a GPS receiver can relatively rapidly

acquire the satellites and calculate its position; thereafter, a GPS receiver must remain on only for a

few minutes in order to be able to provide navigation data.

The internal GPS receiver is always powered when the transceiver is turned on. Therefore, if the GPS

antenna is connected, the GPS receiver can start the acquisition process as soon as the transceiver is

turned on, and can then track the satellites continuously. Turning the Micom transceiver off will force

the GPS receiver to reacquire the satellites.

3-9.3 Operating the GPS Receiver

3-9.3.1 GPS Menu

The GPS menu is displayed by selecting the GPS item on the FREQ or CH menu. The GPS menu

structure is shown in Figure 3-6.

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3-25

CH Mode

FREQ Mode

Existing Menu

in Figure 3-4

Existing Menu

in Figure 3-5

GPS

LLA Format

ECEF Format

FULL

VERT

DHOR

HOR

TIME

DEV

FRMT

TIME

FULL

DEV

FRMT

More More

Figure

3-6. GPS Menu

The menu structure depends on the display format, ECEF or LLA, selected by the FMT item. You

can also press the UP or DOWN panel key to toggle the display format.

a. The items displayed on the GPS menu when using the LLA format are as follows:

FULL Alternating display of the absolute velocity (VEL) in the horizontal plane, and

its direction relative to the North (azimuth – AZIMTH).

VERT Alternating display of altitude and up/down velocity.

DHOR Alternating display of North/South and East/West velocities.

HOR Alternating display of latitude and longitude.

TIME Display the time-of-day obtained from the GPS receiver.

DEV Used to check that the GPS receiver is operating.

FRMT Toggle the display format (to ECEF).

b. The items displayed on the GPS menu when using the ECEF format are as follows:

X Display the X coordinate.

Y Display the Y coordinate.

Z Display the Z coordinate (altitude).

DX Display the velocity along the X axis.

DY Display the velocity along the Y axis.

DZ Display the velocity along the Z axis.

TIME Display the time-of-day obtained from the GPS receiver.

FULL Alternating display of the absolute velocity (VEL), and its direction relative to

the North (azimuth – AZIMTH).

DEV Used to check that the GPS receiver is operating.

FRMT Toggle the display format (to LLA).

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3-26

3-9.3.2 First-Time Operation

The internal GPS receiver is always powered when the transceiver is turned on. Therefore, if the GPS

antenna is connected and you are in a good place with a clear view of the sky, the GPS receiver can

start the satellite acquisition process as soon as the transceiver is turned on, and can then track the

satellites continuously.

Thus, the GPS item on the FREQ or CH menu only enables/disables the display of GPS data: the

result is that after selecting GPS, the GPS data can be immediately displayed, and is updated once per

second (time is updated once every 5 seconds).

Before using the GPS receiver, turn the Micom transceiver on and let it operate for at least 15 minutes.

3-9.3.3 Operating Instructions

3-9.3.3.1 Switching to the GPS Display

NOTE

You cannot switch to the GPS display if you are using the ALE mode.

1. Select the GPS item by scrolling with the MORE key on the FREQ or CH menu, and then

pressing F2. You will see a message that indicates the current display format, GPS LLA or GPS

ECEF.

2. If necessary, switch to the alternate display format by pressing the UP or DOWN key.

Alternatively, you can use the GPS menu: press MORE as required to see FMT, and then press

the key next to FMT (F4).

3. If the GPS receiver operates normally and is ready, you will see the information selected the last

time the receiver has been used.

3-9.3.3.2 Selecting what to Display

1. Press the key next to the type of information you want to see: use Figure 3-6 to find the key to

be pressed.

2. The displayed information appears on the display and is automatically updated every second.

The time is updated every 5 seconds.

3. To change the display of GPS information, scroll to the desired item.

4. To cancel the display of GPS information, select any other menu except GPS.

3-9.3.4 What to do if …

1. If the GPS display mode, GPS LLA or GPS ECEF, does not appear when switching to the GPS

display, scroll to the DEV item. You should see the GPS receiver type.

• If you see UNKNOWN, turn the Micom transceiver off and after a few minutes turn it back

on. If the problem persists, the GPS receiver must be serviced.

• If you see NONE, your Micom transceiver does not include the optional GPS receiver.

2. If the requested information does not appear within 15 minutes, but the check in Step 1 above is

successful, check for proper connection of the GPS antenna cable to the rear GPS antenna

connector of the transceiver.

3. After checking that the antenna is properly connected, check that the GPS antenna did not shift

from its intended position, and has a clear view of the sky. Try to improve your location: avoid

locations near trees, high buildings or steep hills.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-27

3-10. LOCKING/UNLOCKING THE RADIO

You can use the Lock mode to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the programming and

frequency modes.

To enter the Lock mode, you need to provide a password which consists of six digits. See para. 3-11

for instructions on configuring the desired password.

To lock the radio:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

3. Press LOCK.

LOCK

PSW:_

4. Enter the password to lock the radio.

NOTE

If you enter the wrong password, you will see WRONG PSW!. Enter

the password again.

5. Press O.K. or ENTER to confirm.

To unlock the radio:

Use the same procedure as when entering the Lock mode.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-28

3-11. CHANGING THE PASSWORD

To be able to lock the radio, it is necessary to use a password. For security reasons, you may want to

change the password often. The factory-default password is 123456.

To change the password:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

3. Press PSW.

4. Enter the old password, using the keypad.

When you start to enter the password, you can use the function keys

to move the cursor to the left or right, or to clear the display and

enter the complete string.

PSW

OLD:_

NOTE

If you have not yet set a password, use the factory-default

password, 123456.

5. Press O.K. after you enter the old password.

If you enter the wrong password, Micom displays an error message, and you cannot continue.

6. After entering the correct password, you enter a new password.

7. Press O.K. to confirm the new password.

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3-29

3-12. USING AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE)

The Micom unit supports the Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) function, a method that enables

automatically selecting the best working channel from a group of preprogrammed channels without

any user intervention, thereby facilitating communication among HF radio stations and improving the

communications quality and reliability. The ALE function incorporates all the advanced data

transmission techniques required by MIL-STD-188-141B and FED-STD-1045. For an overview of

Micom ALE capabilities and services, refer to Appendix C.

The ALE function ensures the best possible link without requiring prior knowledge of radio

communication conditions, and thus enables reliable HF communication even under rapidly changing

propagation conditions. For this purpose, HF radio sets using the ALE function continuously monitor

and evaluate the transmission quality on each frequency assigned for communication, and

automatically select an optimal frequency for each transmission. After selecting the optimal frequency,

a link between the communicating stations is established via an automatic handshake process, which is

performed without requiring operator’s intervention.

ALE combines sounding, scanning, selective calling, channel selection and LQA (Link Quality

Analysis). These features, all automatic, ensure that communication takes place on the channel with

the best link quality, even with an unskilled operator. The ALE also includes many types of calls you

can use to rapidly and efficiently set up links with other ALE users, and features such as messages,

stack and quick call.

ALE supports many features, including:

• Various type of calls

• Up to 20 nets, each with its own set of members and associated frequencies (channels)

• Up to 100 ALE addresses in the directory

• Up to 100 scan channels

• Up to 12 AMD (paging) messages.

All the ALE features you can use on your radio can be programmed: to program or modify features,

you can use the front panel of the radio, as described in Chapter 4. The ALE features can also be

preprogrammed using the MRC.

The following sections provide instructions for communicating in the ALE mode for a radio that has

already been programmed with the necessary parameters in accordance with Chapter 4.

Note that when the ALE mode is enabled, your radio can receive and transmit ALE calls even when

you are using the Channel mode. For this purpose, the CALL key is displayed even in the Channel

mode (see Figure 3-4). The only restriction is that in the Channel mode, Micom uses only the ALE

parameters of net 1. Therefore, if net 1 is not programmed, no ALE functionality is available in the

Channel mode, even when the ALE mode is enabled.

Note that the radio will prevent users from performing calls on Rx only (RXO) or Tx only (TXO)

channels. This is true even when operating in the Channel mode: when selecting a Rx Only or Tx Only

channel, the ALE option is disabled (the CALL key is not displayed when such a channel is selected).

3-12.1 Enabling the ALE Mode

To enter the ALE mode:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

NOTE

If you see CCIR or SCAN next to F3, first enable the ALE

mode. To enable ALE, select ALE on MENU > MORE >

PROG > RAD > OPTS > SLCL.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-30

2. Press ALE.

The last active net flashes in the display.

ALE

NET 7

3. To use the displayed net, press ENTER.

To select another net:

• Press the UP/DOWN keys until you reach the required number.

• Type the desired net number or the keypad.

The new net number blinks, indicating that the selection has not yet

been confirmed.

ALE

NET 1

4. Press ENTER to confirm your choice.

The radio then starts scanning the channels in the selected net (the

changing channel number appears to the right of the net number).

CALL

LQA

MON

ALE

NET 1 1

MON USB

IATU

3-12.2 ALE Mode Options

Figure 3-7 shows the operator options available in the ALE mode.

CALL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

ALL

NET

GRP

ANY

WILD

SELF

LQA

OFF

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

MULT

NET SEND

PAGE

CHAN

MON

OFF

SEND

EDIT

CHAN

<->

<-><->

<->

SEND

EDIT

CHAN

<->

<-><->

<->

MULT SEND

PAGE

GLOB

SEL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

SEND

CHAN

SOUND

BDIR

SEND

EDIT

CHAN

<->

<-><->

<->

Main Menu

ALE

Figure

3-7. ALE Operator Menu

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3-31

3-12.3 Receiving and Transmitting Calls in ALE Mode

The Micom supports the following types of ALE calls:

• Individual call – call directed to a specific station.

• Net call – call directed to a net (a net is a preprogrammed group of stations).

• Group call – call directed to a group of stations.

• AllCall – call directed to all other stations simultaneously (broadcast call); can also be used as a

distress call.

• AnyCall – call directed to all other stations simultaneously, usually used to detect new stations.

• Wildcard call – call simultaneously addressed to a selected group of stations within a net, with

wildcards used within the address to specify the desired stations. For efficient use of wildcards,

an appropriate station naming plan must be in place.

• Self call – call using the station’s own address, generally used for test purposes.

• Bidirectional call – request for updating the LQA score with another station or stations.

• Sounding call – used to build a link quality database. This database stores ongoing information

on the current quality of the various channels programmed for use by your radio.

All types of calls, except for sounding calls, can also carry messages.

Using the ALE message service, you can also request remote stations equipped with GPS receivers to

send their position. Moreover, if the GPS receiver of your radio is operational, you can also send your

position to other radio sets.

NOTE

Micom also supports the MultiNet feature. When this feature is

enabled, Micom can receive and transmit ALE calls in several different

nets (up to 20). See details in Appendix C.

During ALE calls, a link is established between the stations participating in the call. During the link

state, the radio operators have various options, many of them similar to the options available in the

Channel mode. For a description of the link options, see pages 3-33 to 3-36.

3-12.3.1 Receiving Calls in ALE Mode

When your Micom receives a call, it displays its type and the source

address.

You are also notified when a message is attached: if a message is received,

the name of the calling station is preceded by an exclamation mark.

For any type of call, if the ALERT attribute is programmed to YES, you

will hear the alert tone when a message is received.

FROM

!ABC

Receiving an individual call:

When an individual call (i.e., a call addressed only to your station) is

received, the name of the calling station blinks in the display.

NOTE

If the calling station name is too long and does not fit in

the display, < − >

< − >< − >

< − > appears next to F1. Press < − >

< − >< − >

< − > to

enter the View mode (see page 3-6).

FROM

ABC

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3-32

Receiving a net call:

When your radio receives a net call (i.e., a call addressed to all the stations

in your net), the display flashes a net call alert that alternates the words

NET CALL with the calling station name.

FROM

NET CALL

FROM

ABC

Receiving an AllCall:

NOTE

You can program your radio to ignore incoming AllCalls.

If the radio is set to ignore incoming AllCalls, it stops

scanning when an AllCall is received but it does not

display, nor lets you hear the call. At the end of the

AllCall, the radio automatically returns to the scanning

mode.

When an AllCall is received, the display flashes an AllCall alert that

alternates ALLCALL with the calling station name.

ALE

ALLCALL

FROM

ABC

Receiving an AnyCall:

NOTE

You can program your radio to ignore incoming

AnyCalls. If the radio is set to ignore incoming AnyCalls,

it stops scanning when an AnyCall is received but it

does not display, nor lets you hear the call. At the end of

the AnyCall, the radio automatically returns to the

scanning mode.

When an AnyCall is received, the display flashes an AllCall alert that

alternates ANYCALL with the calling station name.

ALE

ANYCALL

FROM

ABC

Receiving a sounding call:

When the radio is in the ALE mode and it receives a sounding call from

another station, the calling station name appears in the display, preceded by

the letter S to identify that the call is a sounding call.

Within a few seconds, the radio automatically returns to the mode used

before the call was received.

S ABCDE

Receiving a bidirectional handshake call:

When the radio receives a bidirectional handshake call from another station, your radio responds

automatically, without your intervention. Within a few seconds, the radio automatically returns to the

mode used before the call was received.

If the bidirectional handshake includes a message, the calling station name and the received message

are stored in the stack, and the STAK function key appears.

To answer an incoming call:

Press any key (including PTT, but not ESC) to accept the call. The calling station name stops blinking,

and is displayed steadily. The alert tone is no longer heard. The radio is now in the link state with the

calling station.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-33

NOTE

When an AllCall is received, no link is actually established but you can

hear the calling station.

If the received call includes a message, an exclamation mark precedes the station name, and the name

is followed by a colon and the message.

If the calling station name and message are too long and do not fit in the display, press < − >

< − >< − >

< − > to enter

the View mode, where you can scroll right and left to display the whole message.

To display LQA for the received call:

Press LQA. You will see the channel in use, and its LQA score.

3-12.3.2 The Link State

After the radio successfully receives or transmits a call, it is in the link state.

If the call was received from another radio, the display includes the word

FROM in the first line, as well as the name of the station which initiated

the call (if a message has been received, it is also displayed).

LQA

MON

FROM

ABC

If the call was initiated by your radio, the display includes the word LINK

in the first line, as well as the destination address.

PAGE

MON

LINK

1234

3-12.3.2.1 Link State Options

While in the link state, you can operate the following functions using the function keys.

NOTE

The change of link options is temporary. When you exit the link state,

all the changed parameters will be lost.

Option

Description

< − >

< − >< − >

< − > Activates the View mode, where you can view the entire station address.

Page Enables you to select a message to be sent to the station you are linked to. After a

message is selected, you can edit it. The PAGE function is not available when receiving

an AllCall.

LQA Displays the channel on which the link was established, and the LQA score of the current

link. If the name of the station you are linked to is not in your directory, this function will not

be available.

The LQA key is displayed only if you established the link in the ALE mode (in the Channel

mode, this function is not available, because the call is received/transmitted on the current

channel).

MON Turns on and off monitoring by means of the speaker.

RPL Replaces the currently-used channel with a channel with a better LQA score.

The radio disconnects the link, replaces the channel being used, and initiates the call once

again. The RPL function is available only for individual calls, and only for the call initiator.

The RPL key is displayed only if you established the link in the ALE mode (in the Channel

mode this function is not available, because the call is received/transmitted on the current

channel).

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3-34

Cont’d

Option

Description

BAND Toggles between upper sideband (USB) and lower sideband (LSB). The sideband change

takes places only after the current call is ended.

SQ Toggles the squelch on/off. Always select OFF for CW operation.

DSP Accesses the Digital Signal Processing menu, which includes the following options:

•

••

• CLAR Enables to control the clarifier (off/lower frequency/higher frequency). The

function key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels.

•

••

• NF Enables to control the notch filter (off/lower frequency/higher frequency).

The function key is not available for TXO (transmit only) channels.

•

••

• CLIP Toggles the clipper on/off.

•

••

• NB Toggles the noise blanker on/off.

•

••

• ATTN Toggles the attenuator on/off.

PWR Selects the transmit power level: LOW – 5W; MED – 10W; HIGH – 15W; MAX – 25W.

MODE Selects the operation mode:

• SSB – single sideband

• AME – amplitude modulation equivalent

• PLT – single sideband with pilot signal).

AGC Controls the automatic gain control function (fast/slow/off).

BW Selects the filter bandwidth.

• 2.1 – 300 to 2100 Hz

• 2.7 – 300 to 2700 Hz

• 3.0 – 300 to 3000 Hz

• 3.3 – 300 to 3300 Hz. Always select this bandwidths for data transmission

• LSM – bandwidth optimized for use with low speed modems (1450 to 1950 Hz)

• CW (Continuous Wave or Morse operation). The bandwidth used in this case is

selected by MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > CW.

RCLV Displays the receive level. The RCLV item appears only if the received signal level display

is not permanently enabled using MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > RCLV.

FREQ Displays the current frequency.

3-12.3.2.2 Replacing the Current Channel While in the Link State

If during an individual call you find that the channel in use is not good enough, you can replace it with

a better channel.

NOTES

• Channel replacement is possible only during an individual call in

the ALE mode.

• Only the initiator of a call can replace the channel in use.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-35

To replace the channel:

1. Press MORE to scroll to the second link state menu.

RPL

BAND

DSP

LINK

REPLACE

2. Press RPL to replace the channel in use.

3. The radio disconnects the link, replaces the channel being used, and initiates the call once

again.

NOTE

Even if a message was transmitted when the original link was

initiated, the new link will be initiated without the message.

3-12.3.2.3 Using the Caller Stack

The caller stack stores information about unanswered calls. The stack entry contains the self-address

of the calling station, and any message sent by the calling station when it sent the call set up request.

The stack can contain up to 10 calls.

When the stack is not empty, you can see the stack icon in the display.

The radio records an address in the stack only once, even if the same caller made several unanswered

calls. However, if the same caller sent calls with different messages, all such calls will be saved in the

stack. If you see STAK in the options area, the stack includes at least one call you never viewed

before. The stack is arranged in FIFO order, that is, the first address that enters the stack is also the

first that you see on the display.

To view the calls in the stack:

1. Press STAK. The radio displays information on the total number of calls in the stack, and

information on the first call. If the number of characters exceeds the available space, press < − >

< − >< − >

< − >

to activate the view mode.

2. Use the UP/DOWN keys to view any additional calls in the stack.

To return a call to a station registered in the stack:

1. Press STAK.

2. Use the UP/DOWN keys to scroll to the required call.

3. Press CALL.

4. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message when you reply to the call.

5. Press CHAN if you want the call to be initiated on a specific channel in the currently used net.

NOTE

The CHAN key is displayed only if the radio is in the ALE mode.

6. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

NOTE

After initiating a call to a station, its page in the stack is automatically

deleted, together with all other calls from the same address.

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3-36

To remove an address from the stack:

The radio automatically removes an address from the stack in the following cases:

• When the operator calls a station registered in the caller stack, all stack calls containing that

address are erased from the stack, regardless of whether the call was returned from within the

stack or during an individual call.

• The stack can contain up to ten addresses. When the stack is full and a new address comes in,

the new address replaces the oldest address in the stack.

In addition, you can manually remove an address from the stack as follows:

1. Press STAK.

2. Use the UP/DOWN keys to scroll to the required call.

3. Press ERAS.

4. Press YES to confirm or, NO to cancel the deletion.

3-12.3.3 Disconnecting Calls

When you are in the link state, your radio can communicate with at least one other ALE station.

To disconnect an incoming call:

Press the ESC key. This disconnects the link and returns the radio to the

mode used before the link was established. When you disconnect a link,

you can instruct the other station(s) to return to the working mode they

were in before they entered the link state. This feature is called Home

Acknowledge, and can be programmed.

END CALLING

If Home Acknowledge is enabled:

• In an individual link, each of the stations in the link can transmit the Home Acknowledgement to

instruct the other stations to disconnect the link.

• In a net/AnyCall link, the Home Acknowledgement can only be transmitted by the radio which

initiated the call.

3-12.3.4 Transmitting Calls in ALE Mode

To transmit an ALE call, you must specify the destination. In general, the destination consists of a net

and one or more stations (members of the specified net):

• When the MultiNet function (Appendix C) is disabled, the

destination net is always the currently selected net (its number is

displayed on the LCD while the radio is scanning). Therefore, if you

do not want to select a different net, you can skip directly to the

selection of the destination station(s).

CALL

LQA

MON

ALE

NET 1 1

MON USB

IATU

• When the MultiNet function is enabled, first you must always select a net and then the

destination station(s).

To expedite the transmission of an AllCall, you can send a global AllCall by pressing the P/ESC key

for a few seconds.

Micom stores the last called address, so you can simply press the PTT twice in rapid sequence (double

pressing) to call again that address. This also applies to AllCall, and therefore after sending AllCall for

the first time, you can send it again by double pressing the PTT.

NOTE

If you want to monitor the call set up process on the speaker and be

alerted by a beep when the link is set up, turn the monitor on, using

the MON key.

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3-37

3-12.3.4.1 Selecting the Desired Net

To select a net:

1. Press MENU and select ALE.

The radio displays current active net number, flashing.

ALE

NET# 7

2. To change the currently used net, press the UP/DOWN keys, or enter

the net number on the keypad, and then press ENTER.

CALL

LQA

MON

ALE

NET 1 1

MON USB

IATU

3-12.3.4.2 Calls to an Individual Station

To transmit an individual call with MultiNet OFF:

1. Press CALL.

The radio displays the last called address. This may be a station

address, or any other type of address (for example, net, wildcard,

etc.).

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1001

2. To select a different station:

Press the UP/DOWN keys to scroll between stations.

Use the keypad to enter a station name and then press SAVE or ENTER when the required

station name appears.

NOTE

When scrolling between stations with the UP/DOWN keys, every key

pressing displays destination addresses in the following order:

• The last called address

• The AIICall address (GL ALLCALL, or SL ALLCALL, if you used it

instead of GL ALLCALL)

• The current active net number

• The addresses of the members in the current net

• Other addresses in the directory.

3. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

SEND

PAGE

MON

CALL

1234

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3-38

4. The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you

will see TO alternating with the number of the channel on which the

set up request is being sent (the channel may change, if the called

station does not answer on the first channel(s)).

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press

STOP or ESC to abort the entire process.

STOP

1234

STOP

CH 2

1234

5. After the link is established, you will see a LINK message. Now you

may press the PTT and start talking.

NOTE

If the link with the selected station cannot be set up, you

will see for a few seconds a flashing NO LINK message.

PAGE

MON

LINK

1234

6. To disconnect the link, press the ESC key (see page 3-36).

NOTE

If you want to call again the same station, double-press the PTT to

use the quick-call feature (see page 3-40).

To transmit an individual call with MultiNet ON:

1. Press CALL. The radio displays the current net number, flashing. If you wish to change the

currently used net, press the UP/DOWN keys or enter the net number on the keypad.

2. Press ENTER to confirm the net number.

3. The radio displays the last called station.

Press the UP/DOWN keys to scroll between stations, or use the keypad to enter a station name

and then press SAVE or ENTER when the required station name appears.

4. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

5. The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating

with the number of the channel the set up request is being sent (the channel may change, if the

called station does not answer on the first channel(s)).

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to

abort the entire process.

6. After the link is established, you will see a LINK message. Now you may press the PTT and

start talking.

7. To disconnect the link, press the ESC key (see page 3-33).

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-39

To transmit on a specific channel:

1. Initiate a call as explained above (page 3-36 or 3-38) and select the

desired station.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1009

2. Press CHAN to select a specific channel.

The channel with the best LQA score is displayed. The speaker is

unmuted to enable you to check the channel quality by listening to it.

SEND

PAGE

BEST

CALL

CH 3 30%

NOTE

If the name of the called station has been edited and the new station

name is not in the directory, no LQA score is displayed.

3. Press BEST to select the channel with the best LQA score...

NOTE

If the name of the called station has been edited and the new station

name is not in the directory, the channel displayed after pressing

BEST is the first scanned channel of the net.

… or

Press the UP/DOWN keys to scroll to the channel of your choice.

NOTE

You can use this option to transmit a call to a station operating in the

Channel mode. If the other station is in the Channel mode, your radio

switches to the Channel mode for the duration of the call, and then

returns to the ALE mode after the link to that station is disconnected.

4. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

5. The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating

with the number of the channel on which the set up request is being sent (the channel may

change, if the called station does not answer on the first channel(s)).

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to

abort the entire process.

6. After the link is established, you will see a LINK message. Now you may press the PTT and

start talking.

7. To disconnect the link, press the ESC key (see page 3-36).

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-40

3-12.3.4.3 Quick Call

A quick call is a call to the last station you tried to call (regardless of whether the call was successful

or not). In the ALE mode, the channel used for the original call is reused for the quick call.

The Quick Call feature can be enabled or disabled as part of ALE parameters programming.

NOTES

• Quick Call will not transmit a message, even if the last call

contained a message.

• The first time the station is switched to the ALE or Channel mode,

quick call is not possible as no "most recent" station data exists.

To send a quick call:

Double-press the PTT of your microphone or handset. The radio automatically tries to contact the last

called station.

During this process, you will see TO alternating with the number of the channel on which the set up

request is being sent (the channel may change, if the called station does not answer on the first

channel(s)).

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to

abort the entire process.

3-12.3.4.4 Using Autodial

The Autodial feature lets you use a single digit to call a preprogrammed address. There are ten

programmable Autodial addresses, where each can include a message.

To use Autodial to send a call:

1. Press # on the keypad.

CALL

SELECT#_

NOTE

If you do not select an auto-address within a few seconds, the display

automatically reverts to the previous state.

2. Press the desired preprogrammed Autodial number (0 to 9).

The programmed address is immediately displayed; if a message is preprogrammed, an

exclamation sign will appear before the station name.

Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the call or to replace/edit a preprogrammed

attached message. See page 3-41.

NOTE

If the Autodial number you enter is not programmed, the message

NOT PROG will be displayed.

3. Press CHAN if you want the call to be initiated on a specific channel. See page 3-41.

4. Press ENTER or SEND to start the call.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-41

5. The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating

with the number of the channel on which the set up request is being sent (the channel may

change, if the called station does not answer on the first channel(s)).

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to

abort the entire process.

6. After the link is established, you will see a LINK message. Now you may press the PTT and

start talking.

7. To disconnect the link, press the ESC key (see page 3-36).

3-12.3.4.5 Sending Messages

You can send messages (page) together with the initial call (before the link is set up), and also

whenever necessary while the link is already set up (that is, when your station is in a link with the

destination station).

In the link state, if you are making an individual call, both the receiving and the calling station can

send messages to the other station. This is also true for net calls and group calls.

To transmit an individual call with a message:

1. Initiate a call as explained above (page 3-37 or 3-38) and select the

desired station.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1009

2. Press PAGE to add a message. The last sent message is displayed.

SEND

EDIT

CHAN

AMD

5AM

• Press the UP/DOWN keys to scroll to the required message.

SEND

EDIT

CHAN

<->

AMD11

11 AMD MESS

• To edit the message, press EDIT and use the keypad to enter a

new message.

SAVE

<--

-->

CLR

AMD

5AM

3. Press SAVE when the message is ready.

4. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1009

5. Proceed with the call as explained above (page 3-37 or 3-38).

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-42

To send a message during a call (link state):

1. Press PAGE.

NOTE

If this function key is not displayed, you cannot send a

message in the present mode.

PAGE

MON

LINK

1009

2. Select or edit the desired message as explained on page 3-40.

3. Press SEND or ENTER to send the message.

SEND

EDIT

CHAN

<->

AMD11

11 AMD MESS

4. The radio now starts the link set up process for this message (this

process is similar to the process used to set up the link for this call).

During this process, you will see TO alternating with the number of

the channel being used.

NOTES

• While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP

or ESC to abort the entire process.

• If the link needed to send the message to the selected

station cannot be set up, you will see for a few seconds a

flashing NO LINK message.

STOP

1234

STOP

CH 2

1234

3-12.3.4.6 Other Types of Calls

In addition to calls to individual stations described on the pages 3-36 to 3-41, additional types of calls

can be used to help you call multiple stations (see list on page 3-31).

NOTE

A properly designed address assignment plan is needed to take

advantage of the special ALE calling modes.

The special call types are reached under a special submenu, designated MULT (see Figure 3-7 for its

organization).

To select a special call type:

1. Press CALL.

The radio displays the last called address. This may be a station address, or any other type of

address (for example, AllCall, net, wildcard, etc.).

2. Press MORE once.

3. Press MULT to display the first page of special calls. If the desired call type is located on this

page, press the corresponding function key to select it.

4. If necessary, press MORE again to display the next page.

NOTE

Pressing MORE again return you to the first page of special calls: do

not use the ESC key, as it cancels the MULT option.

5. Go to the page listed below for detailed instructions.

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3-43

Option

Capabilities See Page …

ALL AllCall – call directed to all the other stations simultaneously; usually used as

a distress call.

3-43

NET Net call – call directed to a net (a net is a preprogrammed group of stations).

Up to 20 nets can be defined.

3-45

GRP Group call – call directed to a group of individually selected stations. Groups

can be preprogrammed, but you can also select the stations to be called and

save the selection for reuse. Up to five groups can be defined.

3-46

ANY AnyCall – call directed to all the other stations simultaneously, usually used to

detect new stations.

3-48

WILD Wildcard call – call simultaneously addressed to a selected group of stations

within a net, with wildcards used within the address to specify the desired

stations. Wildcard calls use the special ALE addressing modes. If you are not

familiar with these modes, you should review Appendix C.

3-51

SELF Self call – call using the station’s own address, generally used for test

purposes.

3-53

3-12.3.4.7 Transmitting AIICalls

An AllCall is a message which your radio uses to establish a connection with all the other stations

simultaneously, and is typically used to broadcast a message or send a distress call. An AllCall can

also include a message.

In addition to this type of AllCall (referred to as a global (GL) AllCall), it is also possible to use

selective (SL) AllCall: this is a simultaneous call addressed only to all the stations whose names

(addresses) end with a character you specify.

NOTE

If so required, you can set your radio so that it cannot send AIICalls.

You cannot select the channel on which an outgoing AllCall will be sent: outgoing AllCalls are sent

on the AllCall channel defined for the currently selected net, or on the best scanned channel of the net.

NOTE

When radios in other nets have their MultiNet feature enabled,

AIICalls may also reach these radios.

There are two ways to send a global AllCall: using the ESC key or using the CALL function. A

selective AllCall can be sent only using the CALL function.

To send global AllCall using the ESC key:

1. Press ESC continuously for a few seconds. The radio starts sending

the GL AllCall.

During this process, you will see TO alternating with the number of

the channel on which the set up request is being sent.

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or

ESC to abort the entire process.

STOP

GL ALLCALL

STOP

CH 2

GL ALLCALL

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-44

2. After a delay, you will see LINK with a flashing GL ALLCALL.

LINK

GL ALLCALL

3. Confirm the link set up by pressing ENTER or the PTT. The GL

ALLCALL message stops flashing, and you can start talking.

PAGE

MON

LINK

GL ALLCALL

4. Press PAGE if you want to send a message. See page 3-42 for details.

5. To end the call, press ESC.

END CALLING

To send global AllCall using the CALL function:

1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1001

2. Press the UP/DOWN keys until you reach GL ALLCALL.

SEND

PAGE

CALL

GL ALLCALL

3. Press PAGE if you want to add a message to the call. See page 3-41 for details.

4. Press SEND or ENTER to start the call.

The call now proceeds as for call initiated by pressing the ESC key.

To send selective AllCall:

1. Press CALL.

The radio displays the last called address.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1001

2. Press MORE once.

MULT

CALL

GL ALLCALL

3. Press MULT to display the first page of special calls.

ALL

NET

GRP

ANY

CALL

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3-45

4. Press ALL.

SEND

PAGE

GLOB

SEL

CALL

GL ALLCALL

5. Press SEL.

NOTE

If you decide to send a Global AllCall, press GLOB.

ALL

EDIT:_

6. Type the desired character (only one character is accepted).

NOTE

You can press ? if you decide to send a global AllCall.

CLR

ALL

EDIT:5

7. Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER.

NOTE

If you decide to send a global AllCall, press GLOB.

SEND

PAGE

GLOB

SEL

CALL

SL ALLCALL

8. Press SEND or ENTER to start the call. The radio starts sending the

selective AllCall.

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press

STOP or ESC to abort the entire process.

STOP

SL ALLCALL

STOP

CH 2

SL ALLCALL

9. After a delay, you will see LINK, and you can start talking.

PAGE

MON

LINK

SL ALLCALL

10. Press PAGE if you want to send a message. See page 3-42 for

details.

11. To end the call, press ESC.

END CALLING

Transmitting Net Calls

Before starting, select the net you want to use as explained on page 3-36. However, when MultiNet is

enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as soon as you start a call.

NOTES

• You can program nets using the front panel, or the MRC.

• The radio must be programmed as a MASTER radio in the net (an

ALE Programming option) in order to be able to transmit net calls.

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3-46

To transmit a net call:

1. Press CALL.

The radio displays the last called address.

If you see the net you want, skip directly to Step 5 below, otherwise continue as explained

below.

2. Select the NET option as explained on page 3-43.

3. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the call.

4. Press CHAN if you want to initiate the call on a specific channel.

5. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating

with the number of the channel on which the set up request is being sent.

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to

abort the entire process.

When a net call is transmitted, each member in the net responds to the call and the initiator of

the call receives an indication of the response on the display.

6. After links have been established, you can start talking.

7. To end the call, press ESC.

3-12.3.4.8 Transmitting Group Calls

Group calls let you call several individual stations in your net (at least 2) at once. Thus, you can use a

group call to communicate with a few select stations, while other stations can still communicate at

will, using other channels available to your net.

You can call up to 5 stations in a group call. The only restriction is that the total length of all the

addresses cannot exceed 12 ALE words (36 characters). If the maximum allowed length is exceeded,

you get a BUFF FULL error.

NOTES

• If you need to check beforehand the length, remember that each

ALE word must include 3 characters. Therefore, when an address

is not an exact multiple of 3, stuffing symbols are automatically

added in the last positions.

• ALE addresses are categorized in accordance with their leading

ALE word (that is, their first three characters: if the address is short

and has only one or two characters, stuffing symbols @ are

added). When assembling a group you must also take into

consideration that the maximum number of different address

categories (as identified by their leading word) in one group is 5. If

more are included, then when you try to send the call you will see

UFA WRONG. In this case, remove addresses to make the group

more homogenous.

To make a group call, first you must specify the stations to be included in the group. The addresses of

the stations you include in the group can be saved as a group; the radio can store up to 4 different

groups. If a group including the desired stations is already programmed, you can directly initiate the

call to the desired group.

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-47

NOTE

Before starting, you may want to select a different net to use: see

instructions on page 3-36.

When MultiNet is enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as

soon as you press CALL to start a call.

To transmit a group call:

1. Press CALL.

The radio displays the last called address.

If you see the group you want, skip directly to Step 6 below, otherwise continue as explained

below.

2. Select the GRP option as explained on page 3-43.

3. The first group displayed is always group 1. If this is the group you want, skip directly to Step 6

below, otherwise press the UP or DOWN arrows until you see the desired group.

4. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the group call.

5. Press CHAN if you want to initiate the call on a specific channel.

6. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

NOTES

• If the selected group does not include at least 2 stations, your

request is rejected and you will see for a few seconds AT LEAST 2.

• If the addresses in the group have more than 5 different leading

words, your request is rejected and you will see for a few seconds

UFA WRONG.

The radio now starts the link set up process. During this process, you will see TO alternating

with the number of the channel on which the set up request is being sent.

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the link, you can press STOP or ESC to

abort the entire process.

When a net call is transmitted, each member in the group responds to the call and the initiator of

the call receives an indication of the response on the display.

7. After links have been established, you can start talking.

8. To end the call, press ESC.

To define or change a group:

1. Press CALL and select the GRP option, as you do to start a group call (page 3-46).

2. The first group displayed is always group 1. If this is the group you

want, skip directly to Step 3 below, otherwise press the UP or

DOWN arrows until you see the desired group.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

GRP 1

3. To select the stations you want in this group, press SEL.

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3-48

NOTE

The following example explains how to build a new group, but you can

use the same procedures to change an existing group.

4. After pressing SEL, you will see the DIR screen. Therefore, you can

select stations from the addresses already stored in the directory, or

type new addresses using the keypad.

ADD

DIR

1005

To select an address from these already in the directory:

1. Use the UP and DOWN arrows to display the desired directory entry, and then press ADD.

The label above the selected entry changes to ADDED, to indicate

that it is now included in the group.

Now you can also have the option (ERAS) to delete the entry from

the group.

ERAS

ADDED

1007

NOTE

If adding the station would cause the total length of the

station addresses in the group to exceed 12 ALE

words, then after pressing ADD you will see BUFF

FULL and the process stops.

GROUP

BUFF FULL

2. Repeat the procedure described above until the group includes only

the desired stations.

As you scroll through the directory, you will see DIR for stations

that can be added, and ADDED for those already added. If the

station you want to add to the group is not in the directory:

Enter the new station using the keypad. If you make a mistake,

scroll to the desired position using < − −

< − −< − −

< − − and/or − − >

− − >− − >

− − >, or clear

(CLR ) the whole entry and start again.

SAVE

<--

-->

CLR

DIR

BU_

3. When ready, press SAVE to store the new station in the directory.

Now you can add it to the group by pressing ADD.

ADD

DIR

BUD

3-12.3.4.9 Transmitting AnyCalls

An AnyCall is a general broadcast which your radio uses to simultaneously establish links with other

stations. An AnyCall can also include a message.

NOTE

If so required, you can set your radio so that it cannot send AnyCalls.

AnyCall is somewhat similar to AllCall, except that it requests responses from the other stations and

therefore it can be used to detect new stations. Another difference is that you can also select the

channel on which the AnyCall will be transmitted (alternatively, you can let the radio select

automatically the channel).

OM-E 2072-09287-00

3-49

NOTE

When radios in other nets have their MultiNet feature enabled,

AnyCalls may also reach these radios. See details in Appendix C.

You can send three types of AnyCalls (see also description of addressing modes on Appendix C):

• General: the address sent by your radio is @@?. This is a simultaneous call addressed to all the

stations.

• Selective: you specify the last character of the address. This is a simultaneous call addressed

only to the stations whose names (addresses) end with a character you specify.

• Double selective: similar to selective, except that you specify the last two characters of the

address.

To make an AnyCall, first you must select the address to be used for the call.

Micom will wait for responses for a certain time before entering the link state with all the stations that

responded within this interval (the maximum number of stations that are accepted in an AnyCall is

16).

NOTE

Before starting, you may want to select a different net to use: see

instructions on page 3-36.

When MultiNet is enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as

soon as you press CALL to start a call.

To transmit an AnyCall:

1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address.

If you see the address you want (that is, you want to repeat the last

AnyCall), skip directly to Step 10 below, otherwise continue as

explained below.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1001

2. Press MORE once.

MULT

CALL

1001

3. Press MULT to display the first page of special calls.

ALL

NET

GRP

ANY

CALL

4. Press ANY.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

ANY

5. Press SEL.

ALL

ENDING:_

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3-50

NOTE

If you try to send (SEND) the call without first selecting an address,

your attempt is rejected and you see for a few seconds NOT PROG.

6. Select the AnyCall address:

• To send a general AnyCall, press ?.

ALL

ENDING:_

• To send a selective AnyCall, enter the desired character (any

character except #, @ or ?).

CLR

ALL

ENDING:_

• To send a double-selective AnyCall, enter two characters.

<--

CLR

ALL

ENDING:59

7. Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

ANY

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

ANY

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

ANY

8. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the call.

9. Press CHAN if you want to initiate the call on a specific channel.

10. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

The radio now starts the AnyCall process. During this process, you will see TO alternating

with the number of the channel on which the request is being sent.

NOTE

You can press STOP or ESC to abort the entire process.

When an AnyCall is transmitted, the initiator of the call receives an

indication of each station answering the call (its address flashes in the

display, until replaced by the next answering station).

LINK

1111

11. After a programmed interval (or after 16 stations answer, whichever

comes first), the link is established. Now you can start talking.

PAGE

MON

LINK

ANY

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3-51

12. To end the call, press ESC.

END CALLING

3-12.3.4.10 Transmitting Wildcard Calls

Wildcard calls, that is, calls in which the destination address includes the wildcard character ?, let you

to simultaneously address multiple stations with a single address:

• Any station receiving an address with wildcards stops scanning and checks the address length: if

the number of characters in the received address is different from the number of characters in its

own self-address, the station ignores the call.

• If the received address matches the length, a receiving station checks the significant positions in

the received address against its own. For example, the stations JOHN and JOIN will both accept

a call with the address JO?N.

• Each station accepting the call answers the calling station in a pseudo-random slot.

Micom will wait for responses for a certain time before entering the link state with all the stations that

responded within this interval (the maximum number of stations that are accepted in a wildcard call is

16). Therefore, with the wildcard option, the link set up process takes more time, because the radio

waits longer to get responses (it cannot “guess” the number of stations that will answer).

Before continuing, you may wish to review Appendix C, which present details on ALE addressing

(including the use of wildcards in addresses).

NOTE

Before starting, you may want to select a different net to use: see

instructions on page 3-36.

When MultiNet is enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as

soon as you press CALL to start a call.

To transmit a wildcard call:

1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address.

If you see the address you want (that is, you want to repeat the last

wildcard call), skip directly to Step 11 below, otherwise continue as

explained below.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

CALL

1001

2. Press MORE once.

MULT

CALL

1001

3. Press MULT to display the first page of special calls.

ALL

NET

GRP

ANY

CALL

4. Press MORE again to display the next page.

WILD

SELF

CALL

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3-52

5. Press WILD to start.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

WILD

6. Press SEL.

WILD

NOTE

If you try to send (SEND) the call without first selecting an address,

your attempt is rejected and you see for a few seconds NOT PROG.

7. Select the desired address:

• To insert a wildcard, press ?

• Enter the desired characters using the keypad.

<--

-->

CLR

WILD

?135?

8. Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

SEL

CALL

?135?

9. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the call.

10. Press CHAN if you want to initiate the call on a specific channel.

11. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the call.

NOTE

If the selected group does not include at least 2 stations, your request

is rejected and you will see for a few seconds AT LEAST 2.

The radio now starts the process. During this process, you will see TO alternating with the

number of the channel on which the request is being sent.

NOTE

You can press STOP or ESC to abort the entire process.

12. After a delay, you will see LINK with the wildcard address flashing.

PAGE

LQA

MON

LINK

?135?

13. Confirm the link set up by pressing ENTER or the PTT. The address

stops flashing, and you can start talking.

PAGE

LQA

MON

LINK

?135?

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3-53

14. To end the call, press ESC.

END CALLING

3-12.3.4.11 Transmitting a Self Call

The self-call is a test call addressed to your own address within the currently selected net. Its purpose

is to check that your radio set is OK and can transmit calls (to check reception, you can simply listen

to other radio sets).

When you send the self-call, the radio starts sending calls to its own address, successively, on each

channel in the current net. After going through all the channels, the call process stops. No other

response is expected.

NOTE

You can also include the self address in a group call.

To send a self-call:

1. Press CALL. The radio displays the last called address.

2. Press MORE once.

3. Press MULT to display the first page of special calls.

4. Press MORE again to display the next page.

5. Press SELF to start the self-call.

6. You may select now a specific channel to perform the call, by pressing CHAN. See details on

page 3-39.

7. When ready, press SEND to start transmitting. The display alternates between your self-address

and the channel used for the call is sent. If you did not select a specific channel, the channel

number changes as the radio sends the call on each channel assigned to the selected net.

After all the channels have been used, the call automatically stops.

You can press STOP at any time to end the call sooner.

3-12.3.4.12 Bidirectional Handshake

The bidirectional handshake is used to exchange LQA scores with other stations without establishing a

link.

NOTE

The Micom can also be programmed to automatically initiate the call

to the station after finishing the bidirectional handshake (using the

BDLK parameter reached under the ALE programming options).

A bidirectional handshake can be carried out with a single station or with all stations in the net. It can

be carried out either on a single channel, or on all the net channels. When required, a message can also

be added to the procedure. After a bidirectional handshake with a single station, the LQA matrices of

both radios are updated. The operator can then initiate a call to that station and obtain the best channel

automatically.

When the bidirectional handshake procedure is performed with a net, all the stations in the net update

their LQA tables. Micom will wait for responses for a certain time before entering the link state with

all the stations that responded within this interval (the maximum number of stations that are accepted

in a bidirectional handshake is 16).

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3-54

NOTE

Before starting, you may want to select a different net to use: see

instructions on page 3-36.

When MultiNet is enabled, you will be prompted for a net number as

soon as you press CALL to start a call.

To execute a bidirectional handshake with an individual station:

1. Press LQA to enter the LQA menu.

BIDR

SOND

LQA

2. Press BIDR. The last called address is displayed. If this is the address

you want, skip directly to Step 6 below.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

BIDR

1001

3. To select a different address, use the UP/DOWN keys to scroll to the required address in the

directory, and then press ENTER to confirm your selection.

If the station you want to add to the group is not in the directory:

• Enter the new station using the keypad. If you make a mistake,

scroll to the desired position using < − −

< − −< − −

< − − and/or − − >

− − >− − >

− − >, or clear

(CLR) the whole entry and start again.

SAVE

<--

-->

CLR

BIDR

BU_

• When ready, press SAVE to store the new station in the

directory.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

DIR

BUD

4. Press PAGE if you wish to attach a message to the bidirectional handshake process. After

confirming the message, exclamation mark precedes the name of the called station, indicating

that a message has been attached.

5. Press CHAN if you wish to execute a bidirectional handshake process on a specific channel.

6. Press SEND or ENTER in order to initiate the bidirectional handshake process. During this

process, you will see TO alternating with the number of the channel on which the set up request

is being sent.

NOTE

During the bidirectional handshake process, you can press STOP or

ESC to abort the entire process.

To execute a bidirectional handshake with a net:

1. Press LQA to enter the LQA menu.

BIDR

SOND

LQA

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3-55

2. Press BIDR. The last called address is displayed. If this is the net you

want, skip directly to Step 6 below.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

BIDR

1001

3. Press MORE.

MULT

BDIR

1001

4. Press MULT.

SEND

PAGE

CHAN

BIDR

NET 1

5. Press NET.

NET

BIDR

NOTE

You cannot change the net number at this stage – the bidirectional

handshake is always performed on the currently selected net. To

change the net, see page 3-36.

6. Press PAGE if you want to attach a message to the handshake.

7. Press CHAN if you want to initiate the handshake on a specific channel.

8. Press SEND or ENTER to initiate the handshake. During this process, you will see TO

alternating with the number of the channel on which the handshake is being sent.

NOTE

While the radio is initializing the handshake, you can press STOP or

ESC to abort the entire process.

3-12.3.4.13 Sounding

Sounding is used to test the quality of the channels and propagation paths of all channels in the net.

The sounding signal is normally repeated automatically, at regular intervals. A complete round of

sounding messages, or "sounding cycle" can be programmed to 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes, or can be

set to OFF.

Sounding can also be initiated manually whenever necessary, even if automatic sounding is enabled.

To manually initiate sounding:

1. Press LQA to enter the LQA menu.

BIDR

SOND

LQA

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3-56

2. Press SOND.

OFF

SOND

SOUND OFF

3. Press ON to start manual sounding, or OFF to stop an ongoing sounding process.

NOTES

• The radio automatically returns to ALE mode when sounding is

stopped.

• When the radio transmits a sounding signal, the Tx bar is visible.

3-12.3.5 Using the Inlink Function

When the inlink function is enabled, the stations participating in a call are automatically notified by a

DISC message whenever another participant leaves (disconnects from) the call.

The link is then automatically disconnected when only one station is left (that is, after all the other

participants disconnected).

The inlink function is available in any type of call that involves the setting up of a link using

bidirectional handshaking. Therefore, you can use it in individual calls, group calls, net calls, etc., but

not in AllCalls and self calls.

NOTE

For the inlink function to operate correctly, it must be enabled on all

the stations.

Do not enable the inlink function when communicating with a radio

that does not support the full ALE capabilities in accordance with

MIL-STD-188-141B.

To avoid disconnecting the link too soon as a result of inactivity (that is, after the programmed PTT

time-out interval (PTOT)), each participant can request other stations to wait beyond the PTOT

interval (up to 10 minutes more) before automatic disconnection occurs.

This option (TOT – time-out interval) is displayed over the F4 key after the link is set up: to send a

request for the other stations to wait more time, press the TOT key.

3-12.3.6 Transmitting ALE Calls in the Channel Mode

The ALE option is available in both the ALE and Channel modes and therefore, the radio can also

answer ALE calls.

The transmission process is similar for both operating modes, with the following differences:

• In the Channel mode, every call is initiated on the currently selected channel.

• The LQA function is not available in the Channel mode: sounding and bidirectional calls can

only be initiated in the ALE mode.

• When the radio is in the Channel mode, it uses the parameters programmed for net 1.

NOTE

If net 1 is not programmed, there is no ALE functionality in the

Channel mode, even if the ALE option is turned on.

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3-57

3-12.4 Using ALE Mode to Send and Request GPS Position Data

You can use the ALE AMD service to:

1. Send your position to any another destination (including one-to-many).

2. Request the position of another Micom transceiver equipped with a GPS receiver. You can

make this type of request only when you call an individual station.

Note that the operations described above automatically set up a link between the two stations and

therefore it is necessary to disconnect the link when it is no longer needed. For this purpose, it is

recommended to enable Home Acknowledge, and/or enable the PTT time-out function.

NOTE

AMD messages with the GPS position do not enter the stack (the

information such message carries is good only at the time you got it):

if you do not read the message in time, you can no longer retrieve the

message at a later time.

Thus, you must allow sufficient time for the destination station to read

the position message before when link is disconnected. This is

particularly important when Home Acknowledge is enabled: the

message will disappear as soon as you disconnect the link.

3-12.4.1 Request GPS Position

To automatically get the position of another Micom station, use the following procedure:

1. Select the CALL mode (either from the ALE mode or the CHAN mode).

2. Select the destination address (you can make only an individual call).

3. Select the PAGE selection mode.

4. Scroll until you see the RMT POS message, and then send the message.

5. Your station starts the link set up to the selected station; after the link is set up, you will see the

response AMD of the called station, which includes its latitude and longitude. POSITION

INVALID means that the remote station cannot provide its location.

6. You may now continue with voice communication, or disconnect the link to the called station.

NOTE

Radio sets of various vendors can also accept GPS position requests.

The position request is made by sending the string FIXPOSIT as an

AMD message.

3-12.4.2 Sending Own GPS Position

You can use the PAGE service to send the AMD message that appears in position 14 in the default list

of AMD messages to transmit your own position to a remote station.

To send your position report to other station(s):

1. Select the CALL mode (either from the ALE mode or the CHAN mode).

2. Select the destination address and/or the call type.

3. Select the PAGE selection mode.

4. Scroll until you see the I AM AT … message, and then send the message.

5. Your station sends the AMD message with your latitude and longitude.

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3-58

3-13. USING THE VOCODER

3-13.1 Introduction

The Micom can be ordered for with the vocoder option. The vocoder provides voice privacy at good

voice quality, using digital signal processing techniques.

The vocoder supports the following protection modes:

• Privacy (PVT) mode. The vocoder can store up to 8 private keys for use in this mode.

• Digital (DGTL) encryption mode.

You can select the desired protection mode, or switch to the clear (CLR) mode. To support protected

communication, the radio bandwidth is automatically switched to 3.3K.

The vocoder can be used in all the modes (Channel, Frequency and ALE).

NOTE

When using the DGTL mode with ALE, the radio scans in the Clear

mode. When a vocoder call is detected, the radio automatically

switches to the protected DGTL mode after the link is established, and

returns to scan in the Clear mode after the link is disconnected.

3-13.2 Using the Vocoder

When operating the radio with the vocoder in the Channel, Frequency or ALE mode, you can choose

between the CLR, DGTL, and PVT (private) modes:

• PVT activates the automatic voice privacy functions

• DGTL activates the vocoder digital encryption function

• CLR reverts to regular radio activity.

NOTES

There are eight preprogrammed PVT keys, PVT1 to PVT8, and one

digital encryption key (DGTL). Program the key to be used as

described in the Programming the Vocoder section starting on page

3-59. The currently-used key number appears on the screen.

In the PVT and DGTL modes, the vocoder controls whether you hear

or not the received signals, and therefore the squelch option (SQ (F3))

is not displayed. The Squelch option (F3) appears only in the Clear

(CLR) mode.

When the PTT is activated, a hold-off tone sounds. Wait for the

hold-off tone to end before talking.

To use the vocoder in the Channel mode:

1. Press the F1 key whenever it is necessary to toggle between the PVT

(Private), DGTL, and CLR (Clear) modes.

CLR

BAND

DSP

CH 6

F 16,000.00

USB

IATU

BW3.3K

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3-59

NOTE

When using the digital mode, you see

DGTL instead of PVT#.

PVT3

BAND

DSP

CH 6

F 16,000.00

USB

IATU

BW3.3K

DIG

BAND

DSP

CH 6

F 16,000.00

USB

IATU

BW3.3K

To use the vocoder in the Frequency mode:

1. When using the Frequency mode, press MORE twice to access the

third screen.

RCLV

STOR

CLR

FREQ

F 16,000.00

USB

IATU

BW3.3K

2. Press the F3 key whenever it is necessary to toggle between the PVT (Private), DGTL, and CLR

(Clear) modes.

To use the vocoder in the ALE mode:

1. Enable the ALE mode, as described in para. 3-12.1.

2. When using the DGTL mode, the radio scans automatically in the CLR mode (you may see that

the bandwidth returns to the default, 2.7K) and switches to the DGTL mode without your

intervention when a DGTL call is detected.

When using the PVT mode, you must press the F1 key to switch to the CLR (Clear) mode to

enable the radio to scan or to initiate a call to the desired destination. After a link is established,

press CLR (F1) to switch to the PVT mode. Switch back to the CLR mode after the link is

disconnected.

3-13.3 Programming the Vocoder

The PROG menu of the Micom provides access to the following functions:

• Programming the vocoder private (PVT) key.

• Display the vocoder hardware and software versions, and the vocoder configuration.

• Erasing the stored keys. You should erase the keys after their validity expires, or as a

precaution when the radio must be serviced.

To access the vocoder programming menu:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

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3-60

3. Press PROG to enter the Programming screen.

RAD

ALE

LANG

VCD

PROG

4. Press VCD to enter the Vocoder menu.

5. Press the relevant key to access the Vocoder options:

• PVT Select the key used in the private mode.

• CONF Display information on the vocoder hardware and software.

• ERAS Erase the stored keys.

Figure 3-8 shows the VCD programming options. The available selections are described in the

following sections.

Figure

3-8. VCD Programming Menu

RAD

ALE

LANG

VCD

PROG

PROGPROG

PROG

PVT

CONF

ERAS

3-13.3.1 Selecting the Vocoder Mode and Keys

Vocoder offers two protection modes: privacy and public key encryption. The keys to be used must be

loaded into the vocoder, before starting operations.

3-13.3.1.1 Selecting the Vocoder Private Key

Private reception and transmission are possible only when a valid key is selected. If the selected key is

not valid or is not stored in the vocoder, a tone will be heard and the selection is rejected.

To select the vocoder private key to be used in this mode:

1. Access the Vocoder Programming menu: MENU > MORE > PROG > VCD (F4).

2. Press PVT to enter the privacy key selection mode.

3. Use the UP/DOWN keys to scroll through PVT1 to PVT8.

NOTE

The displayed key number flashes until its selection is confirmed.

4. Press ENTER to confirm the selection of the key displayed on the screen.

Press ESC to revert to the previous setting.

3-13.3.1.2 Display of Vocoder Information

1. Access the Vocoder Programming menu: MENU > MORE > PROG > VCD (F4).

2. Press CONF (F2).

3. The screen changes to display the vocoder host version, and the function of key F1 changes: it

now enables you to scroll cyclically through the information items displayed on the screen.

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3-61

NOTE

If you need additional details on the displayed information, contact

your local distributor or the manufacturer.

4. To end the display, press ESC.

3-13.3.1.3 Erasing the Stored Keys

1. Access the Vocoder Programming menu: MENU > MORE > PROG > VCD.

2. Press ERAS.

3. You are requested to confirm: press YES, or cancel the task by pressing NO.

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3-62

3-14. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS

3-14.1 Operation in Desert Areas

Micom Pathfinder radio sets are capable of operation under very harsh conditions.

Use the following recommendations to lower the ambient heat stress on the equipment.

• Avoid, whenever possible, direct sun radiation on the equipment.

• If sun exposure is unavoidable, minimize the exposed area.

• Permit free air movement around the equipment.

3-14.2 Operation at Low Temperatures

• Keep the front panel free of ice.

• If possible, keep the radios turned on even when not used for communication.

• Interconnecting cables and cords lose some of their flexibility at low temperatures. Be careful

not to strain them.

• Coat the rubber O-ring of the AUDIO connector with silicone grease.

• Remove condensation from equipment, especially from front panel areas and connectors.

3-14.3 Operation During Storms

The radio set is protected against high-energy electrostatic discharges that may occur during lightning

storms. However, for maximum safety, during lightning storms, do not install the antenna and avoid

touching it.

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4-1

CHAPTER 4

USING THE PROGRAMMING MODE

4-1. SCOPE

This Chapter provides concise instructions for using the PROG mode.

The Programming mode, accessed by opening the PROG menu is used to program manually the

parameters needed by your radio set. There are two main group of parameters:

• Radio parameters – the parameters for communication in your environment and in the radio nets

you use most of the time. Refer to para. 4-3 for details.

• ALE parameters – the parameters needed to use the ALE function. Refer to para. 4-4 for details.

The manufacturer offers a dedicated Radio Service Software (MRC), which is an efficient tool for

preparing sets of operational parameters for Micom Pathfinder radio. MRC supports all the functions

that can be performed by means of the PROG menu. MRC is recommended when it is necessary to

configure many radio sets.

Micom Pathfinder lets you change the most of parameters in use on-line, to adjust to any particular

situation. However, when you select another channel or net, the changes are discarded and the

programmed values are used again.

4-2. THE PROG MENU

NOTE

The PROG menu is accessible only if the radio is not locked. If you

cannot display the PROG menu, refer to para. 3-10 for instructions on

unlocking your radio set.

To enter the PROG menu:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

3. Press PROG to enter the Programming mode.

NOTE

If your Micom us equipped with an internal vocoder, or

connected to an external vocoder, you will see VCD

next to F4.

RAD

ALE

PROG

The structure of the PROG menu is shown in the following figures:

• Programming the Radio Parameters (Figure 4-1).

• Programming the ALE Parameters (Figure 4-2).

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4-2

4-3. PROGRAMMING THE RADIO PARAMETERS

The Radio (RAD) Programming menu is used to program the following types of parameters:

• Channel parameters – para. 4-3.1

• General radio parameters – para. 4-3.2.

• Radio options – para. 4-3.3.

Refer to Figure 4-1 for the detailed structure and options of the RAD menu.

CHAN

ALE

RAD LANG

PRMT OPTS

YES

ACC ALE

TUNE

NONE

DPWRBAUD MST AST PTBP KBBP TONE ATTNADT CW DIMRCLV

More More

YES

STORGET ERAS PWR FREQ BAND MODE BW

AGC

YES

LOW

HIGH

YES

0.25

0.5

0.8

YES

LOW

MED

HIGH

MAX

1.2

2.4

4.8

9.6

LOW

MED

HIGH

MAX

SMPX

DPLX

RXO

TXO

LSB

USB

SSB

AME

PLT

SLOW

FAST

OFF

2.1

2.7

3.0

3.3

LSM

MoreMore

VCD

Option

ENG

FRNC

ESPA

PVT

CONF

ERAS

PROG

Main Menu

WHIP DIP

Figure 4-1. PROG Menu – Radio Parameters Programming

The following sections explain the programming procedures.

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4-3

To start radio programming:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

3. Press PROG to enter the Programming mode.

RAD

ALE

PROG

4. Press RAD to enter the Radio Programming mode.

RADIO

PROGRAMMING

CHAN

PRMT

OPTS

WHIP

4-3.1 Programming Channels

The Channel programming menu includes two groups of options:

• GET and STOR are used to copy the channel parameters from one selected channel to another,

and ERAS is used to delete the user-configured parameters of a selected channel.

• The other options are used to configure the operational parameters to be used on the channel

being configured.

To enter the Channel Programming mode:

1. Enter the Radio Programming menu.

RADIO

PROGRAMMING

CHAN

PRMT

OPTS

WHIP

2. Press CHAN.

GET

STOR

ERAS

PWR

CHAN

PARAMETERS

USB

The CHAN menu provides the following options (see also Figure 4-1):

Option Description

GET GET retrieves all the parameters defined for a channel already programmed in Micom

Pathfinder (the default is the current channel, but you can select any other channel). You

can store these parameters in a new channel using the STOR function, and then edit the

parameters as required.

STOR Store the set of parameters in a selected channel.

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4-4

Option Description

ERAS ERAS is used to delete (erase) a channel. Actually, this action only replaces the user-

modified parameters of the channel with the factory-default parameters, but marks the

channel as not programmed.

The factory-default parameter values are as follows:

• Rx Frequency 15.000.00 MHz

• Tx Frequency 15.000.00 MHz

• SSB Mode USB

• Bandwidth 2.7

• Tx Power MAX

• AGC SLOW.

PWR Select the channel transmit power level. Four transmit power levels can be selected:

• LOW – 5 W nominal

• MED – 10 W nominal

• HIGH – 15 W nominal

• MAX – 25 W nominal.

FREQ Select the channel frequency. Micom Pathfinder offers four frequency options:

• SMPX Simplex Frequency – the same frequency is used for both transmission and

reception.

• DPLX Duplex Frequency – transmits on one frequency and receives on a different

frequency.

• RXO Receiving Only Frequency – defines a frequency for reception only.

Transmission on that frequency is disabled. The available frequency range

is 100 kHz to 30 MHz.

• TXO Transmitting Only Frequency – defines a frequency for transmission only.

You cannot receive on that frequency. The available frequency range is 1.6

to 30 MHz.

BAND Select the channel operating sideband:

• USB – upper sideband mode

• LSB – lower sideband mode.

MODE Select the channel radio operating mode:

• SSB – single sideband

• AME – amplitude modulation equivalent

• PLT – single sideband with pilot signal.

AGC Select the channel Automatic Gain Control mode. Micom Pathfinder offers two AGC

response speeds: SLOW and FAST. You can also turn the AGC OFF completely.

BW Selects the filter bandwidth.

• 2.1 – 300 to 2100 Hz

• 2.7 – 300 to 2700 Hz

• 3.0 – 300 to 3000 Hz

• 3.3 – 300 to 3300 Hz. Always select this bandwidth for data transmission

• LSM – bandwidth optimized for use with low speed modems (1450 to 1950 Hz)

• CW (Continuous Wave or Morse operation). The bandwidth used in this case is

selected by MENU > PROG > RAD > PRMT > CW.

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4-5

4-3.2 Configuring Radio Parameters

The radio parameters are global parameters, which are used for all the channels.

To start the radio parameters programming:

1. Enter the Radio Programming menu.

RADIO

PROGRAMMING

CHAN

PRMT

OPTS

WHIP

2. Press PRMT .

GET

STOR

ERAS

PWR

CHAN

PARAMETERS

USB

The PRMT option in the Radio Programming menu provides the following options (see Figure 4-1):

Option Description

BAUD Selects the data transmission rate of the internal modem:

• 1.2 – 1200 bps

• 2.4 – 2400 bps

• 4.8 – 4800 bps

• 9.6 – 9600 bps.

DPWR Selects the maximum transmit power for data transmission, that is, for a transmission

initiated by the data PTT. The available selections are:

• LOW – 5 W nominal

• MED – 10 W nominal

• HIGH – 15 W nominal

• MAX – 25 W nominal.

The transmit power used in the other modes is independently selected for each channel.

If the selected data transmit power exceeds the transmit power configured on the

operating channel, the radio will use the lower channel transmit power.

MST Enables/disables the sidetone heard in the speaker when you transmit using the

microphone.

AST Enables/disables the speaker sidetone when you transmit using an accessory connected

through the rear panel (not relevant).

PTBP Enables/disables the transmission of a beep when the local push-to-talk (PTT) button is

released. This beep is used to notify the other stations that the local (your) radio set has

stopped transmitting and returned to the receive mode: therefore, another radio can start

transmitting.

KBBP Enables/disables the keypad beep. When enabled, a beep is heard whenever a valid key

is pressed.

TONE Select the keypad beep level: high or low. The selection is relevant only when the keypad

beep is enabled.

ADT Selects the alternate display time-out, that is, the time after which a keypad sequence is

automatically aborted in case no action is taken. In this case, the display returns to the

previous screen.

The time-out interval can be selected in the range of 1 to 10 seconds.

ATTN Enables/disables the use of an internal RF attenuator. The attenuator is used to reduce

interference when your radio is located near strong transmitters.

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4-6

Option Description

CW Select the channel filter bandwidth used in the CW mode:

• 0.25 – 250 Hz

• 0.5 – 500 Hz

• 0.8 – 800 Hz

A lower value improves the reception but requires better frequency accuracy.

RCLV Enables/disables the receive signal level display. If the receive signal indication is not

enabled, you can temporarily enable it using one of the function keys.

DIM Enables/disables automatic dimming of the display.

Usually, the display operates continuously. However, you can program the display to be

normally off, and be automatically turned on when the transceiver detects any type of

activity (keypad, PTT, incoming call, etc.). The ADT option selects the time before the

display is again turned off when inactive.

4-3.3 Setting Radio Options

To start programming the radio options:

1. Enter the Radio Programming menu.

RADIO

PROGRAMMING

CHAN

PRMT

OPTS

WHIP

2. Press OPTS.

RADIO

OPTIONS

AMP

TUNE

ALE

The OPTS option in the Radio Programming menu provides two sets of options (see Figure 4-1):

•

••

• ACC Used to configure the radio for operation with an antenna tuner:

NONE Operation without the internal antenna tuner, which is possible only when using

a broadband antenna connected to the DIP connector, or an external tuner. In

this case, you will see the EATU icon on the default screen.

TUNE Operation with the internal antenna tuner. An antenna tuner is always necessary

when using a whip. In this case, you will see the IATU icon on the default

screen.

•

••

• ALE Used to select the radio link setup mode:

ALE Use of ALE protocol.

NONE No link set up protocol. In this case, you can set up groups of channels to be

scanned.

After selecting the desired mode, select SET to set the new mode.

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4-7

4-4. ALE PROGRAMMING

The ALE Programming menu is used to configure the parameters needed by the ALE function. The

structure of the ALE programming menu is shown in Figure 4-2.

NOTE

You can access the ALE Programming menu only after you select

ALE for MENU > MORE > PROG > RAD > OPTS > ALE = YES.

MAST

SLAV

YES

MEMBNAME CHAN OPT GET ERAS

NET SELF

ADD ERAS ALLC

ADD ERAS SORT

SOND

SLNT

LQAR

SCN

HACK

MACK

OCUP

M/S

ALLC

TUNE

More More

YES

MAN

120

OFF

300

3000

NONE

RCV

SEND

R&S

OFF

EDIT

ADDR

MAN

AUTO

YES

ALL

NET DIR OPT AUTO STOR

ADDR

AMD

YES

ADD ERAS

AMD

EDIT ERAS

ALE LANG

RAD

MxCH

AUTO

More More

YES

EXAL

YES

ALRT

YES

TOT

MLQA

100

YES

QCAL

YES

AADR

YES

MNT

YES

ANY

YES

WILD

YES

AMD

YES

ILNK

PTOT

ENG

FRNC

ESPA

RCV

ADD ERAS SAVE

YES

ALL

YES

ALL

SAVE

-->

-->-->

-->

CLR

YES

BDLK

EDIT EDIT

VCD

PVT

CONF

ERAS

Option

PROG

Main Menu

ADDR=YES

Figure 4-2. PROG Menu – ALE Parameters Programming

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4-8

To start ALE programming:

1. Press MENU to display the Menu screen.

CHAN

FREQ

ALE

BIT

2. Press MORE to scroll to the second Menu screen.

LOCK

PROG

PSW

DIM

3. Press PROG.

RAD

ALE

PROG

4. Press ALE to enter the ALE Programming menu.

5. Press MORE as required to access additional ALE programming

parameters.

ALE

PROGRAMMING

NET

DIR

AMD

OPT

In the ALE Programming mode, you can program the following features:

Option Description See Page …

NET Net parameters: station names, options, members and scanned

channels.

4-9

REC Edit the list of stations not appearing in the directory from which calls

have been received. This item is displayed only after such calls have

been received, and therefore will not appear when the Micom

Pathfinder is just turned on.

4-11

DIR Directory: configuration of the ALE address list. 4-11

AMD Messages: preparation of AMD messages ready to be sent with ALE

calls.

NOTE

During ALE operation, you can also edit, or

prepare, a message, on-line, using the PAGE

EDIT option.

4-11

OPT Options: configuration of the various ALE options, such as PTT

timeout, external alarm, and so on.

4-12

AUTO Autodial parameters: shortcuts for ALE calls to frequently called

stations.

4-13

STOR Store the changes made in the ALE programming session. 4-14

The following sections explain the programming of these features.

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4-9

NOTES

• The ESC key is used to cancel a change you have made, if not yet

confirmed. If you have already saved changes, the ESC key will

only return to a previous screen of the ALE Programming menu.

• When you end ALE programming, you must store the parameters

you defined.

• If you press the MENU key to exit the programming mode without

first saving your changes, you will be prompted to store the ALE

configuration changes. Press YES to store the configuration. If you

press NO, the configuration will revert to the previous

configuration, and any changes made in the current ALE

programming session will be ignored.

4-4.1 Programming Nets

When programming a net, you can set the net names, define the net members, add channels, configure

various options, copy parameters from a defined net or erase an entire net.

4-4.1.1 Overview of Net Programming

The net programming mode enables you to view and edit the configuration of each net. The

configuration includes the following menus:

•

••

• NAME Edit the net name and the self-address:

• NET: Define or edit the net names.

It is not allowed to use a name already used as a self-address, nor an address

already appearing in the address directory.

• SELF: Define or edit your self address (the identification of your station, to be

used by other stations within the same net).

It is not allowed to use a name already used as a net address, nor an address

already appearing in the address directory.

A net name or self address can contain up to 15 characters. Valid characters are the

letters A to Z and the numerals 0 to 9.

•

••

• MEMB Add or erase members (station addresses) from the list of net members. This list

defines which stations can participate in a net call (a net can have up to 16

addresses).

The MEMB menu also enables you to sort the list of members: this determines the

order in which members respond to a net call. You can arrange the order of the list

of members manually, or instruct the radio to arrange them in alphanumeric order.

A member name can contain up to 15 characters. Valid characters are the letters

A to Z and the numerals 0 to 9. It is not allowed to define a name already used as a

net address, nor an address already appearing in the address directory. New member

names will automatically be added to the directory list (unless the directory is full).

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4-10

•

••

• CHAN Add or remove channels to the list of scanned channels in a net, and to define the

channel on which AllCalls are to be transmitted (the AllCall channel (ALLC)).

NOTES

• Each net can contain up to 100 scanned channels.

• All nets combined can contain up to 100 scanned channels. If you

exceed this number, the message OVER 100 CH is displayed for

one second, and then the display returns to the previous menu.

• If you enter a channel which is not programmed, a NOT PROG

message is displayed for a second, and the display returns to the

previous menu.

•

••

• OPT Configure net options, including: sounding, silent net, LQA request, scan rate, home

acknowledgment, monitor acknowledgment, occupancy detection, master/slave

definitions, AllCall options and tune time.

•

••

• GET Copy all parameters from one net to another. This function is useful if you are

defining a new net and wish to base most of its parameters on an existing net, for

instance if you need to use different frequencies/channels for day and night

communication, but all other net information (such as stations and names) is

identical.

•

••

• ERAS Erase an entire net from the ALE data base.

After preparing a set of parameters, your entries are checked and any errors are reported. If you do not

correct the detected errors, Micom Pathfinder will offer to discard the new set of parameters.

4-4.1.2 Default Values

Unless you define different values, each net uses the following factory-defaults:

• Net Name No default defined

• Self Address No default defined

• AllCall Send and receive enabled

• AllCall Channel No default defined

• Tune Time No tune time

• Silent No

• Home Acknowledgment Yes

• Monitor Acknowledgment No

• Master/Slave Master

• LQA Request Yes

• Sounding Manual

• Occupancy Check No

• Scanned Channels No default defined.

When programming a new net or other ALE parameters, you do not need to define all parameters:

change only those for which the default values are not suitable.

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4-11

4-4.2 Setting the Net Options

Use this menu to configure net options:

•

••

• SOND Sounding Parameters: define the interval (in minutes) at which automatic sounding

is performed (30, 60, 90 or 120 minutes), or define sounding as a manual function.

See Appendix A for a detailed explanation on the sounding process.

•

••

• SLNT Silent Mode: select whether the net is in the silent mode, which means that members

in the net can initiate calls but not allowed to respond to an ALE transmission.

•

••

• LQAR LQA Reports: select whether your radio will ask the called station for a report on

the quality of the communication every time a call is initiated.

•

••

• SCN Scan Rate: select the number of channels scanned each second when the radio is in

ALE mode: can be set to 2 or 5 channels per second.

•

••

• HACK

Home Acknowledgment: enable/disable home acknowledgment. When enabled, the

radio transmits an end-of-call indication to the remote station.

•

••

• MACK

Monitor Acknowledgment: enable/disable monitor acknowledgment. When enabled,

the radio transmits an accept call indication to the station that initiated the call.

•

••

• OCUP Occupancy Check: enable/disable the occupancy check. The occupancy check

defines whether the radio uses the speech detect mechanism to determine whether a

channel on which a call is about to be made is occupied. If this option is ON, a call

cannot be initiated on a channel determined to be occupied. This option can be

operated in addition to the ALE signal detection mechanism.

You can select the interval at which occupancy checks are made (300 to 3000 msec,

in 300-msec increments).

•

••

• M/S Master/Slave: select whether your radio serves as a master or slave in the current

ALE network. Only a master station can initiate a Net Call.

•

••

• ALLC AllCall Settings: this option determines whether the ALE is able to receive and/or

send AllCalls.

An AllCall is an ALE broadcast transmission. All stations receiving an AllCall are

linked to the sender, even if they do not recognize the sender’s address. If no

AllCall channel is defined, the call will be made on the best channel in the net.

•

••

• TUNE Tune Time: select the tuning time. Tuning time is the maximum time the current

ALE waits for the called station to tune (this is the tune-in time of the slowest tuner

in the net). The tune time is added to the calculated response time. Tune time can be

1 to 20 seconds, or OFF (zero).

4-4.3 Directory Parameters

This DIR option on the ALE Programming menu enables preparing the ALE address list. This list

contains the names of stations to which the radio can address a private call using the ALE. You can

add a new address, and edit an existing address.

A name can contain up to 15 characters. Valid characters are the letters A to Z and the numerals 0 to 9.

You cannot add an address which is identical to the name of a programmed net, nor an address already

used as a self address in a programmed net. The list can contain up to 100 addresses, and is

automatically sorted in ascending alphanumeric order.

4-4.4 AMD Message Configuration

The AMD option of the ALE Programming menu is used to view, edit, add or erase messages intended

for transmission. The characters you can enter in messages using the radio keypad are: A to Z, 0 to 9,

space, * and #. See message preparation details in Chapter 3.

Messages programmed using a remote PC with a standard keyboard can contain all the ASCII

characters the range of 20 (hexa) to 5F (hexa).

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4-12

The message list can contain up to 12 messages, numbered AMD 0 to AMD 11. Each message can

contain up to 90 characters.

NOTE

If no messages are stored, EMPTY will appear in the second display

line.

4-4.5 ALE Options Configuration

This menu enables you to configure the following ALE options:

Option Description

PTOT PTT Timeout: the time (in minutes) which elapses between the moment you release the

PTT button, until the ALE disconnects the link. The allowed range is 1 to 10 minutes.

EXAL External Alarm: activate/deactivate the radio external alarm when a call is received.

ALRT Alert tone: enable/disable the generation of an alert tone whenever a link is established.

TOT Accept Link Time-out Time: the radio can be configured to disconnect the link

automatically if neither the PTT, nor any other key is pressed within 30 seconds from the

reception of a call. If Accept Link TOT is set to NO, the received call is accepted

immediately and automatically.

MLQA Minimum LQA Score: determines the minimum acceptable LQA (Link Quality Analysis)

score allowed when trying to establish a link on a specific channel.

If the minimum score is not achieved when the radio attempts to establish a link in the

ALE mode, the radio will try to establish a link on the scanned channel with the next best

LQA score. At the end of this process, a link will be established on the scan channel with

the best LQA score. If the call is made on a specific channel, the radio ignores the

minimum LQA score check.

The allowed range of LQA scores is 0 to 100%. When selecting the minimum LQA score,

remember that in accordance with the ALE standards, the maximum LQA score

(assigned for receiving an optimum sounding is 70%), and the minimum score is 30%.

The score given to a station that did not send any sounding or a station whose sounding

has not been received is also 30%.

QCAL Quick Call: enable/disable initiating a call to the last called address by pressing the MIC

PTT button twice in rapid sequence (double pressing).

AADR Automatic address: enable/disable automatically adding the source addresses of

incoming calls to the ALE directory.

NOTE

If the directory is full, new addresses will not be added.

MNT MultiNet: enable/disable the scanning of multiple ALE nets. When enabled, this feature

lets the radio communicate with stations in nets other than the currently selected net.

MxCH Maximum Scan Channels: when MultiNet is enabled, the time needed for scanning all the

nets may be rather long. This parameter is used to adapt the duration of the calling signal

to the number of scanned net, to ensure that communications are not disrupted. You can

select between automatic selection, or select a value in the range of 0 to 59 seconds.

ANY AnyCall: enable/disable the sending AnyCalls.

WILD Wildcard: enable/disable the sending wildcard calls.

AMD Automatic Message Display: enable/disable the sending AMD messages.

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4-13

Option Description

ILNK Inlink: enable/disable the inlink facility, which enables notifying other call participants

when each participant disconnects from the link. All participants must be programmed to

use the same selection (either YES or NO).

Do not enable the inlink function when communicating with a radio that does not support

the full ALE capabilities in accordance with MIL-STD-188-141B.

BDLK Bidirectional link: enable/disable automatically setting up a link on the best channel after

a bidirectional handshake with an individual station.

The ALE options have the following factory-default values:

• PTT Timeout No timeout

•

••

• Alert Yes

• External Alarm Yes

• Auto Address No

• Quick Call Yes

• Minimum LQA score 0

• Accept Link Timeout Yes

• MNT Yes

• MxCH Auto

• ANY Yes

• WILD Yes

• AMD Yes

• ILNK No

• BDLK No

When configuring ALE options, you do not need to define all parameters: change only those for which

the factory-default values are not suitable.

4-4.6 Auto Dial Parameters

Auto Dial enables you to set shortcuts for calls to frequently called stations, with or without

automatically attaching messages when a station is called:

•

••

• AUTO Used to configure up to 10 autodial codes, numbered AUTO 0 to AUTO 9.

•

••

• AMD Used to prepare AMD messages for sending when an autodial code is used. See

message preparation details in Chapter 3.

NOTE

If a message is attached to the address, an exclamation mark

precedes the address.

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4-14

4-4.7 Storing ALE parameters

Before exiting the ALE programming menu, you must store the parameters you have programmed.

NOTE

If you press the MENU or ESC key to exit programming mode without

first saving your changes, you will be prompted to store the ALE

configuration changes. Press YES to store the configuration.

If you press NO, the configuration will revert to the previous

configuration, and any changes made in the ALE programming

session will be ignored.

4-4.8 Using the New Station Address Filter

To help you add new station addresses to the ALE directory of your radio set in a controlled manner,

Micom Pathfinder has a special ALE address filter. To enable this filter, enable the Auto Address

function on the PROG > ALE > OPT > AADR menu (this function can also be enabled by means of

the MRC).

When enabled, the address filter compares the source address of each call received by your radio set

with the addresses stored in the ALE directory. When the first new unlisted address is found, it is

stored in a special memory stack, and you are notified that at least one unlisted address has been

detected by adding the option RCV under PROG > ALE, after the NET option. When you want to

check the addresses stored in the stack, you select RCV and then decide whether to erase an address or

add it to the ALE directory of your radio set.

Up to 20 new addresses can be stored in this stack, which is organized as a FIFO stack: this means that

when a new address, different from all the previously detected addresses, is received while 20

addresses are already stored, it will replace the oldest address.

The information on the received addresses is automatically erased when the radio is turned off; only

addresses added to the directory remain in the directory.

To edit the received addresses and add addresses to the ALE directory:

1. Press MENU and select ALE.

2. When addresses are stored in the new received addresses stack, you

will see the RCV option. Press RCV to display the RCV screen.

ADD

ERAS

SAVE

RCV

5061

3. The RCV screen displays the last detected unlisted address. Use the

UP/DOWN arrows to display the desired address (the display is

cyclical).

NET

RCV

DIR

AMD

ALE

PROGRAMMING

4. When the desired address is displayed, press the key corresponding to the action to be

performed:

• To delete the address from the stack, press ERAS.

• To add the address to the directory, press ADD. The address is removed from the stack.

5. To confirm, press SAVE.

6. Repeat the actions until all the desired addresses are processed. When done, press ESC to end.

If the stack is now empty, the RCV option is no longer displayed on the ALE menu.

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5-1

CHAPTER 5

OPERATOR MAINTENANCE

5-1. GENERAL

Operator maintenance consists of routine tasks and specific checks and services that are needed to

keep equipment in a “ready to use” condition. Routine tasks such as cleaning, checking cables for

damage, stowing items not used and checking for loose bolts, nuts and screws must be performed

whenever the operator sees that they are necessary and are, therefore, not listed in the following tables.

Visually inspect the radio set often, especially for damaged antennas. Be sure that cables are positively

connected, and do not show breaks, cuts and other damage. Make sure that the radio set is assembled

properly and ready for operation. Perform these checks before starting any mission, and also after

every mission.

After the visual checks, perform a communication check by contacting another radio station.

If a radio set fails to operate, refer to para. 5-3 for instructions.

During transmission, high RF voltages may appear at the RF

connectors, the antenna cable, and on the antenna itself. Avoid

touching the antenna and RF connectors when the radio set operates.

Make sure that the antenna is not located near high-voltage lines.

5-2. VISUAL INSPECTION AND MECHANICAL CHECKS

5-2.1 Inspection

Inspect each part as directed in Table 5-1. Repair and/or replace components found to be defective

and/or damaged.

Table

5-1. Visual Inspection and Mechanical Checks

Sequence

Item to be Inspected Procedure

1 Protective case and

battery box

a. Inspect for damage, and loose or missing parts or screws.

b. Remove dust and dirt.

c. Check the condition of painted metal surfaces and panel

lettering. Spot paint bare metal surfaces.

NOTE

Connectors, controls, the keypad and the display

window must not be painted or polished with

abrasives.

d. Tighten all screws. Replace missing screws

2 Connectors a. Check that all connectors are securely mounted.

b. Inspect shell and contacts for damage and corrosion.

c. Clean and remove all foreign matter.

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5-2

Table

5-1. Visual Inspection and Mechanical Checks (Cont’d)

Sequence

Item to be Inspected Procedure

3 ON/OFF and volume

control

a. Check the control for looseness and damage.

b. Turn control through its full range and check that it

operates freely, without binding or excessive looseness

4 Keypad and buttons a. Check for damage.

b. Check for proper operation

5 Display window a. Clean dirt and dust.

b. Check for cracks

6 Battery connector a. Check for corrosion or damage to contacts.

b. Clean connector contacts

7 Cables a. Check insulation for tears, breaks, and other damage.

b. Check connectors for damage

8 Carrying harness a. Check for tears, breaks, and other damage.

b. Check all the straps and buckles for damage

9 Audio accessories a. Check insulation for tears, breaks, and other damage.

b. Check connectors for damage.

c. Check smooth operation of PTT and loudspeaker volume

control

10 Antenna If your radio set uses the whip antenna, make the following

checks:

a. Check that the antenna base is securely fastened to the

panel.

b. Check the whip sections for corrosion or damage.

c. Check that antenna whip sections fit tightly.

For other antennas, inspect in accordance with the

corresponding antenna Operator Manual

11 GPS Antenna, Adapter,

and GPS Cable

a. Check that the GPS antenna is securely fastened to its

adapter.

b. Check for physical damage to antenna and its cable, and

replace if necessary.

c. Check proper connection of the GPS antenna cable,

CG-5602

5-2.2 Cleaning

WARNING

Prolonged inhalation of cleaning compound may be dangerous; make

certain that adequate ventilation is provided. Do not use near a flame. Avoid

contact with the skin. If contact with skin is made, immediately wash off with

water.

Inspect the exterior of the unit. The surfaces should be clean and free of dirt, grease and other

contaminants.

a. Remove dust and other loose dirt with a soft clean, cloth.

b. Remove grease, fungus and ground-in dirt from the cases: use a lightly dampened cloth (not

wet) with an approved cleaning compound.

c. Remove dirt from plugs and jacks with a brush.

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5-3

d. Clean the front panel displays and keypad with a soft clean cloth. If dirt is difficult to remove,

dampen the cloth with water; mild soap may be used for more effective cleaning.

CAUTION

1. Do not press on the display window faces when cleaning.

2. Do not use solvents for cleaning display window, keypad and

push-buttons.

3. Do not use compressed air for cleaning the panel. This may damage the

push-buttons.

5-3. CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE

The scope of corrective maintenance at the operator level is to return the radio set to normal operation

as soon as possible, by replacing cables, accessories, or equipment units suspected of being defective.

Replaced items shall be sent for repair at a designated maintenance facility.

In case a fault is detected, or the radio set fails to operate, perform the following steps and repeat the

communication check until the problem is corrected:

1. Visually inspect the radio set, and make sure that the radio set is assembled properly and ready

for operation.

2. Replace the battery with a freshly-charged battery, and then check again.

3. Turn the radio set off, and then turn it back on, and monitor the display: every time the radio is

turned on, a self-test procedure is performed. If an internal malfunction is found, an error

message will be displayed.

4. Activate the BIT function, using MENU>BIT. You have three options:

• FULL – runs a full test of the Micom Pathfinder.

• CHAN – tests Micom Pathfinder operation on the current channel.

• L.RF – tests the Micom Pathfinder receive path only.

NOTES

1. To obtain reliable results, it is necessary to perform the test under

controlled conditions. This is achieved by disconnecting the

external antenna, and connecting a 50Ω dummy load or 30 dB

attenuator with a suitable power rating (30W or more) to the

DIPOLE connector (make sure to select NONE on PROG > RAD >

OPTS > ACC when using a dummy load).

2. It is not necessary to connect a load when performing only the

L.RF test.

3. If the Micom Pathfinder includes an internal modem or vocoder,

make sure to perform the test in the clear (CLR) mode.

Select the test best suited to the detected problem, and wait a few seconds for the test to

complete.

Refer to Table 5-2 and perform the corrective actions listed for the corresponding message, until the

problem is corrected. If the message does not appear in Table 5-2, or the problem persists, the radio set

must be serviced.

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5-4

Table

5-2. Fault Messages

Message Corrective Actions

OVER TMP Check that the radio is not exposed to direct sun radiation, and that there is no

obstruction to free air flow around the radio

NOT PROG

(Error 14)

This message indicates that the radio is not programmed (the message may

also appear if the radio DC power failed during programming). In this case, the

default baud rate of the MRC interface is 1200 bps.

Program the radio parameters (using the MRC). This forces the radio to accept

the downloaded parameters

BATTERY FAIL

(Error 11)

Micom has an internal battery, that enables the memory to store the last channel

information that was used before the radio was turned off. If this battery

becomes weak, it will display this warning. When the battery is dead, all the

channel information will be retained, but the radio will always use channel 1

when you turn the radio on. (Example: if you are scanning in the ALE mode and

you turn the radio off; when you turn the radio back on, it will be on channel 1).

You may continue using the radio, but request service as soon as possible

DATABASE FAIL

(Error 15)

This message will appear if the ALE scanned channels do not match the

programmed channels in the MRC (for example, ALE is programmed to scan

channels 1, 2 and 3, but the MRC program does not have a frequency

programmed into channel 3).

Check and correct the programmed parameters

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A-1

APPENDIX A

USING BATTERY CHARGER, FRN8570B

A-1. PURPOSE AND USE

FRN8570B is an AC-powered portable battery charger designed to charge 14.4V Lithium-Ion

rechargeable battery packs of the type used by Micom Pathfinder (FRN8577).

FRN8570B is simple to operate and does not require operator attendance during operation, yet it

provides advanced features, such as fully automatic charging and automatic stopping after battery pack

charging is completed. FRN8570B does not have any controls, as its operation is fully automatic. A

single indicator displays the operating state.

The FRN8570B is intended for use in rooms, shelters, etc. Do not expose the FRN8570B to direct sun

radiation or excessive temperatures, rain, snow, or high humidity. Keep charger battery contacts clean,

and avoid accidental short-circuits by powering the FRN8570B on only after a battery is connected.

A-2. FRN8570B DESCRIPTION

FRN8570B comprises three components:

• AC/DC converter, which provides

24 VDC for the charger unit. The

AC/DC converter has an integral DC

output cable terminated in a 2.5 mm

round plug, for connection to the

charger unit.

• AC power cable for the AC/DC

converter.

• Charger unit, powered by 24 VDC

provided by the AC/DC converter. The

charger has a short charging cable

terminated in a two-pin connector plug

with a polarizer pin that matches the

FRN8577 charging connector (pin

polarity is marked next to each pin).

A-3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The FRN8570B is powered from 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz. FRN8570B operation is fully automatic,

to ensure full charging of batteries to their rated capacity, and to prolong the operational life of

batteries by providing optimum charging conditions.

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A-2

To control battery charging, the FRN8570B charger unit automatically tests the battery pack as it is

connected to the charger, and continues monitoring the battery state during the charging process, to

detect the exact moment when the battery becomes fully charged. This prevents overcharging of

batteries. The operator is informed of the progress of charging by a status indicator.

The charging process is as follows:

• When powered up, the charger unit checks the current and voltage supplied to the battery

connector, to detect the connection of a battery pack of the proper type, and identify defective

battery packs. This enables the detection of failed batteries, for example, batteries with

short-circuited cells, so that such batteries can be taken out of service.

• When the connection of a battery pack of the proper type is detected, charging proceeds until

the pack is fully charged. While charging proceeds, the charger unit LED flashes green, and

changes to steady lighting in green when charging is complete.

• If a fully charged battery remains connected after its charging is completed, as long as the

FRN8570B is powered the charger remains in standby (the LED lights steadily in green, with

short blinks every 30 seconds).

A-4. FRN8570B OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

A-4.1 Familiarization with Charger Unit

Figure A-1 shows a typical charger unit. The unit includes the following items:

• DC input connector: round 2.5 mm connector for the 24 VDC charger supply voltage.

• DC output cable, terminated in a plug matching the FRN8577 charging connector.

• Status indicator. Table A-1 explains the indications provided by this indicator.

Status Indicator

Charger

Output Cable

DC Input

Connector

Figure A-1. Charger Unit, General View

Table

A-1. Status Indications

Indicator State Meaning

Off Charger not powered

Green flashing Charging in process

Green steady on

(short blinks every

30 seconds)

Charge process complete, battery is fully charged

Charger in standby (no battery connected)

Red steady on Error condition, for example, short-circuit across charger terminals, or

connection to incorrect type of battery (for example, NiCd or NiMH battery)

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A-3

A-4.2 Preparations for Charging

1. Place the battery charger on a flat, clean surface, protected from sun and rain.

2. Insert the DC output plug of the AC/DC converter into the DC input connector of the charger

unit.

3. Connect the AC power cable to the power input connector of the AC/DC converter, and then

connect the other end of the power cable into an AC outlet.

A-4.3 Charging Process

1. When ready to charge a battery, connect the battery to be charged to the battery charger: insert

the DC output plug of the charger unit into the FRN8577 charging socket and press firmly to

mate (the connectors will mate only if plug is correctly oriented).

2. The status indicator of the charger unit will start flashing in green.

NOTE

If the battery is faulty, the status indicator will start flashing in red. In this

case, no charge current is supplied to the battery. Disconnect the power,

and replace the battery.

3. The charger now operates automatically. When the battery is fully charged: the status indicator

of the charger unit lights steadily in green, with short blinks every 30 seconds.

4. At this stage, disconnect the battery from the charger. The status indicator continues to light

steadily in green (with short blinks every 30 seconds), to indicate that the charger is in standby.

However, if necessary, you may leave the battery connected to the charger.

5. If the charger is no longer needed, disconnect the power cable from the AC outlet, and then

disassemble the charger by disconnecting its components.

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A-4

A-5. MAIN FRN8570B TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Charger Specifications

Charging Termination Method CC/CV voltage point

Maximum Charge Rate 3000 mA

Charge Termination Voltage 16.8V

Top-Off Charge Current 300 mA for 1 hour

Input Voltage 24 VDC nominal (allowed range: 18 to 28 VDC)

Cable Length 30.5 cm (12 in)

Input Connector 2.5 mm, center positive

Dimensions 86 × 56 × 26 mm (3.38 × 2.20 × 1.02 in)

Operating Temperature Range 0 to 45°C

Storage Temperature Range -25 to +70°C

Weight 171 g (6.0 oz.)

AC/DC Converter Specifications

Output Voltage 24 VDC (22.8 to 25.2 VDC)

Output Connector 2.5 mm, center positive

Input Voltage 90 to 264 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz, single phase

Dimensions 76.2 x 43.2 x 147.3 mm (3.0 × 1.7 × 5.8 in)

Weight 482 g (17 oz.) typical

Output Current 3.1A maximum

Input Current 2A maximum at 100 to 240 VAC

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B-1

APPENDIX B

INSTALLATION OF FAA5548 TACTICAL

DIPOLE ANTENNA

B-1. SCOPE

This Appendix provides concise installation instructions for the FAA5548 tactical dipole antenna.

The information provided in this Appendix complements the information appearing in the FAA5548

Tactical Dipole Antenna User Manual.

B-2. FAA5548 DESCRIPTION

The FAA5548 is a manpack-portable half-wave dipole antenna for field use. The antenna is marked

with frequency markings along its length, to enable easy setting of desired operating frequency.

The FAA5548 includes the following components:

• Two antenna elements constructed of PVC covered copper braid with Kevlar core. Each

element is 36 m long, and is calibrated in accordance with the operating frequency. The

intervals between calibration labels are as follows:

 2 to 3 MHz range: 0.1 MHz.

 3 to 4 MHz range: 0.2 MHz.

 4 to 10 MHz range: 0.5 MHz.

 10 to 18 MHz range: 2 MHz.

 18 to 30 MHz range: 4 MHz.

• Coaxial cable assembly, 10 m long, with fitted strain relief and terminated in two BNC male

connectors. To cover longer distances you may order an extension cable.

• Center junction unit (black polypropylene) with BNC female socket.

• Two throwing ropes made of 1.5 mm polyester flexible plaited rope. Each rope is 20 m long and

is fitted with 2 oz lead weight at one end.

• Belt mounted kit bag for antenna components.

B-3. ANTENNA CONFIGURATIONS

The FAA5548 dipole antenna can be installed in four configurations, depending on the supports

available and the desired radiation pattern. The configurations are as follows:

• Horizontal dipole

• Inverted V dipole

• Sloping dipole

• Wire antenna.

The antenna must be located in a clear area, with natural or manmade supports to hold the antenna up.

Two end supports will be needed for a dipole configuration, while only a single support is needed for

an inverted V, sloping dipole or long-wire configuration. The clear area must be large enough to

accommodate the antenna without any physical obstructions. The length of this area will depend on

which configuration you choose, and the frequency of operation.

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B-2

B-3.1 Horizontal Dipole

A dipole antenna consists of two conducting elements with a center junction connected by a coaxial to the

antenna dipole connector on the radio.

The most common configuration is the horizontal dipole, shown in Figure B-1. The radiation pattern for

this antenna is broadside to the antenna elements (that is, perpendicular to the running direction of the

wire). The vertical radiation angle of a horizontal dipole is a function of its height above ground. In general,

mounting closer to the ground increases the near-vertical incident skywave (NVIS), which is best for

short-distance communications.

Mounting the horizontal dipole higher up causes the vertical radiation angle to tilt down, towards the

horizon. This will favor long-distance communications. In any case, the recommended height range is

from 10

1λ (minimum) to ¼ λ (maximum), where λ is the wavelength.

Coaxial

Cable

Support

Rope

Radio Set

Figure B-1. Horizontal Dipole Configuration

NOTE

When using trees as end supports, wrap end of support rope around tree

three or four times. Make sure to leave slack in support rope, so that the

center of the antenna sags down.

B-3.2 Inverted V Dipole

At low frequencies, the required antenna element length is very long. To minimize physical stress and

sag at the center point, an inverted V configuration (Figure B-2) should be used, instead of a standard

horizontal dipole. This configuration will result in better RF performance, since the feedpoint (the

point of maximum radiation) is placed high above ground. In addition, the use of a halyard support

may be helpful; as it will relieve the antenna wire from excessive stresses and increase its life span.

This alternative to the horizontal dipole has an added advantage: to install the inverted V, only one

support is needed (at the center), instead of the two needed for the horizontal dipole.

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B-3

Elevation:

5 to 10 m

Radio Set

Figure B-2. Inverted V Configuration

When using the inverted V configuration, pay attention to the following points:

1. The angle between the two halves must be 90° or greater, to prevent cancellation of the radiated

energy.

2. The main radiation lobe of the inverted V is broadside to the direction of the wire, the same as

for the horizontal dipole. However, the inverted V also exhibits a minor radiation lobe directly

in line with each end of the wire. These minor radiation lobes have generally a low vertical

radiation angle, which is useful for long-distance communications. The antenna can be oriented

to take advantage of this combined radiation pattern.

B-3.3 Sloping Dipole

The sloping dipole configuration can be used to obtain a long-distance, slightly directional radiation

pattern.

Elevation:

5 to 10 m

Radio Set

Direction of

Maximum Radiation

Make sure the + mark

is connected to upper

antenna wire

Figure B-3. Sloping Dipole Configuration

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B-4

When using the sloping dipole, pay attention to the following points:

1. Sloping dipoles exhibit mostly low-angle radiation, which is suitable for long-distance

communications, but generally poor for short-distance skywave (NVIS) operation. Sloping

dipoles are recommended for long-distance communication only.

2. The sloping dipole exhibits some gain in the direction of the sloping wire. Conversely, it

exhibits a significant null in the opposite or rear direction. This directional pattern can be used

to optimize signal strength in one favored direction, and/or minimize interference coming from

an undesired direction.

B-3.4 Wire Antenna Configuration

For extended communication ranges (on the order of hundreds of kilometers), it is strongly

recommended that a dipole antenna be used.

In emergency situations, or when the topography does not allow the erection of a dipole antenna, it is

possible to use a wire antenna. A wire antenna consists of a single conductor.

The wire antenna has a directional radiation lobe, directed in the direction at which the wire is pointed

(similar to the main radiation direction of the sloping dipole).

NOTE

The wire antenna is an improvisation when there are time or location

constraints. It is not recommended as a standard antenna.

You can also use the FAA5548 as a wire antenna by connecting only one wire to the center junction

(always to the side marked by + (plus)).

• When the wire length is close to the dipole wire length required at the operating frequency, you

can connect the wire antenna, through a coaxial cable, to the DIPOLE connector of the Micom.

In this case, select the dipole antenna upon power-up.

• When the wire length is short, connect the wire directly to the WHIP connector of the Micom.

In this case, select the whip antenna upon power up.

B-4. FAA5548 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

CAUTION

Before installing the antenna, make sure the selected location is not

near power lines.

The procedure given below assumes familiarity with the FAA5548. For further details, refer to the

FAA5548 Tactical Dipole Antenna User Manual.

1. Whenever possible, erect poles of appropriate height to support the dipole antenna elements.

2. Attach both antenna elements to the center junction unit.

3. Connect the BNC coaxial feed line to the center junction.

4. Determine the length of the antenna elements according to the operating frequency.

5. Unwind both antenna elements until they are of the desired length, and then loop the antenna

wire through the slot on the winding spool.

6. Fully unwind the end support ropes from each winding spool. Throw the end weights over the

trees or other structures used as the end supports.

7. Pull the end support ropes until the center junction is 5 to 10 m above ground. Be sure to leave

some slack in the ropes, so that any movement of the end supports for example, as a result of

winds, will be accommodated. Tie the ropes to ensure that the antenna maintains its position.

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B-5

CAUTION

When erecting the antenna, avoid excessive stress. It is normal for the

center point of the antenna to sag downward, which will not adversely

affect performance.

Use of excessive pulling force will put undue stress on the antenna

wire, insulation, and other components.

8. Connect the BNC connector at the free end of the antenna feed cable to the Micom DIPOLE

connector.

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B-6

Intentionally Left Blank

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C-1

APPENDIX C

ALE CAPABILITIES AND FEATURES

C-1. SCOPE

This Appendix provides a concise description of the ALE capabilities and features.

C-2. SCANNING

The method used to select the best channel is based on scanning: as long as it is idle, a radio operating

in the ALE mode switches frequency at a relatively rapid rate (programmable at 2 or 5 channels per

second) within the group of channels that can be used (the ALE frequency table, with up to 100

frequencies). During this process, it collects information regarding the state of each channel (busy/free

and its background noise) that can be used together with the quality information collected by sounding

when the user initiates a call.

• When a station initiates a call, it selects the best free channel on the basis of the most recent

information, switches to that channel and then transmits a call request for a time sufficient for

any station to finish scanning all the preprogrammed channels and reach the selected channel.

• Any station that should receive this call will then stop on the channel used by the initiating

station, and will use the channel for communication. The exact response to the call request

depends on the type of call (call types are described below): as a result, it is possible to program

any desired station to ignore some types of calls (in fact, any call not specifically addressed to

it).

C-3. SOUNDING

Automatic sounding is the method used by ALE for testing the quality of channels and propagation

paths under field conditions. The sounding signal is a unilateral identifying broadcast, repeated at

periodic intervals on unoccupied channels. Identification of a sounding signal sent from a station

indicates a high probability of bidirectional communication.

The length of the sounding cycles can be set to short or long cycles, depending on propagation

conditions. When propagation changes are slow, long intervals of about 1 or 2 hours may be sufficient.

If, however, the propagation changes are erratic and rapidly changing, or if it is critical to have

updated connectivity information, then shorter intervals are recommended. Each station can also

measure BER and S/N, and update the LQA table accordingly.

The maximum score for receiving an optimum sounding is 70%; the minimum score is 30%. The

score given to a station that did not send any sounding or a station whose sounding has not been

received is also 30%.

C-3.1 Sounding Cycle Time

The sounding signal is repeated at regular intervals on all the channels in the network. A complete

round of sounding messages, or sounding cycle, can be programmed to 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes

when the automatic sounding is on. You can also manually initiate sounding when there is a specific

need for it, even if the system is set to operate in the automatic mode.

A short sounding cycle ensures a more updated LQA memory. However, frequent sounding increases

network occupancy, leaving less channel-free time for the users. Figure C-1 illustrates network

occupancy in relation to sounding cycles of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. (Note that both axes have

logarithmic scales.) The chart also shows 80% and 95% occupancy in a 120-minute sounding cycle at

a very rapid scanning rate (applicable only to multiple-channel networks).

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C-2

80%

200

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 300200100

USERS

CHANNELS

53%

40%

80%

20%

27%

40%

80%

40%20%13%10%

20%10%7%5%

10%

60 min

cycle

30 min

cycle

90 min

cycle

120 min

cycle

Figure

C-1. Network Occupancy

Use the chart to determine the best sounding cycle for your particular network, bearing in mind

network occupancy, propagation conditions and other considerations.

The following examples demonstrate how to read the chart.

• In a network of nine channels used by eight members, a 30-minute sounding cycle would result

in 80% occupancy; a 60-minute cycle would result in 40% occupancy; a 90-minute cycle would

result in 27% occupancy and a 120-minute cycle would result in 20% occupancy.

• If there are only two or three channels in the network, a sounding cycle of 30 minutes allows

enough channel-free time, even for as many as ten users.

Under field conditions, occupancy will usually be less than the value obtained from the chart because

not every station receives all the soundings that are being broadcast on all channels.

To increase channel-free time for the users by reducing network occupancy, you can try one of these

four methods (in this order):

1. Increase the sounding cycle time (to 90 or 120 minutes).

2. Reduce the number of channels in the network (for example, by using different nets for different

times of day).

3. Reduce the number of stations in the network by re-arranging the hierarchical subgrouping of

stations.

4. Request all stations to set the fast scan rate option.

C-3.2 Manual Sounding

When it is necessary to perform a rapid sounding cycle on all channels instead of, or in addition to the

automatic sounding cycle, manual sounding can be used.

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C-3

C-4. LQA MEMORY

The ALE builds a database of connectivity information based on calls and the ALE sounding

messages transmitted by other stations in the network. This information is stored in a special LQA

memory and is used to determine the link quality of all channels in the networks. The data in the LQA

memory is time-weighted, that is, recent information is given more value than old, thus compensating

for changing propagation conditions.

C-5. BIDIRECTIONAL HANDSHAKE

The bidirectional handshake is an operator-initiated procedure used to exchange LQA scores with

other stations without establishing a link.

NOTE

The Micom Pathfinder can also be programmed to automatically

initiate the call to the station after finishing the bidirectional handshake

(using the BDLK parameter reached under the ALE programming

options).

This procedure is useful in the following cases:

• The radio has only recently been switched on and the automatic sounding cycle has not yet been

completed.

• The operator wishes to update the LQA scores before initiating a call to another station, for

example, for example, because of abrupt atmospheric charges, or other propagation changes.

• A new or passive station has joined the system.

A bidirectional handshake can be carried out with a single station or with all stations in the net. It can

be carried out either on a single channel, or on all the net channels. When required, a message can also

be added to the procedure.

After a bidirectional handshake with a single station, the LQA matrices of both radios are updated.

The operator can then initiate a call to that station and obtain the best channel automatically.

When the bidirectional handshake procedure is performed with a net, all the stations in the net update

their LQA tables.

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C-4

C-6. SELECTIVE CALLING

Micom Pathfinder uses an approach standardized in MIL-STD-181-141B and FED-1075 to selective

calling, and therefore has the capability and flexibility to link with one or many prearranged or as-

needed single or multiple stations.

This selective calling capability is based on the use of a special addressing method.

C-6.1 ALE Addressing Method

ALE uses digital addresses to identify stations. The fundamental address element in the ALE system is

the single word: one ALE address word must always contain three characters (one triplet).

A single ALE word is needed for the basic individual station address (this is called a basic address).

To increase the available range of addresses, basic addresses can be expanded up to a maximum of 5

words (15 characters): such addresses are called extended addresses.

The characters that can used in addresses are a subset of the standard Basic 38 ASCII character set.

This subset includes:

• All the capital (upper case) letters (A to Z)

• All the digits (0 to 9)

• Two utility characters:

 The stuffing symbol @. It can be used to add characters at the end of an address, so that the

resulting length is a whole number of words (triplets). A receiving station then interprets

only the non-stuffing characters. For example, if the address has 8 characters, add one @ at

the end of the address, whereas for an address with 7 characters, two @ symbols must be

added. In special addressing modes, this symbol is interpreted as an ignore instruction: see

additional utilization guidelines in Table C-1.

 The wildcard symbol ?. It is used to indicate that any character (except @) is acceptable

(this is the equivalent of a don’t mind instruction). See Table C-2 for utilization guidelines

in the special addressing modes.

NOTE

In the following sections, “A,” “B,” “C” or “D” indicates any

alphanumeric character other than “@” or “?”.

Micom Pathfinder has the capacity to store and use 100 addresses of up to 15 characters each. Micom

Pathfinder will reject addresses longer than 15 characters, and will notify you with an UFA WRONG

message.

C-6.2 Address and Call Types

ALE stations, including the Micom Pathfinder, have the capability and flexibility to link with one or

many prearranged or as-needed single or multiple stations. There are three general addressing

methods:

• Individual station addressing

• Multiple stations addressing, for example, net and group

• Special addressing modes, for example, AllCall, AnyCall, etc.

The following sections explain the addressing modes and how they can be used for various purposes.

C-6.2.1 Individual Station Address

The individual station address may contain 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 words. To enable using addresses that are

not an integer multiple of 3 characters (for example, an address consisting of 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, …, etc.

characters), stuffing can be used: with stuffing, the last address word includes one or two stuffing

symbols in the last position(s) (see the “stuff-1” and “stuff-2” patterns in Table C-1).

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C-5

The wildcard symbol cannot be included in an individual station address, nor in a call request to an

individual station.

Table

C-1. Use of “@” Stuffing Symbol

Pattern Interpretation

A B C “Standard” 3-character address word, shown here for reference. Only the station

with this address stops scanning and responds

A B @ “Stuff-1” reduced address field, used to add characters “A, B” at the end of the

address

A @ @ “Stuff-2” reduced address field, used to add character “A” at the end of the address

@ ? @ “AllCall” global address (see also Table C-2): all the stations stop and listen (unless

this function is inhibited)

@ A @ “Selective AllCall” global address: each station with the same last character “A”

stop scanning and listen (unless this function is inhibited

@ @ ? “AnyCall” global address (see also Table C-2): all the stations stop scanning and

respond in randomly selected timeslots (unless this function is inhibited)

@ @ A

@ B@ (option)

“Selective AnyCall” address: each station with same last character(s) “A” (or “B”)

stops scanning and responds in a randomly selected timeslot (unless this function

is inhibited), using its own address

@ A B

@ C D (option)

“Double selective AnyCall” address: each station with same last characters “AB” (or

“CD”) stops scanning and responds in a randomly selected timeslot (unless this

function is inhibited), using its own address

@ @ @ “Null” address; all the stations ignore this address. The null address intended for

use in test and maintenance, or to create an extra “buffer” timeslot

C-6.2.2 Net Addresses

The purpose of a net call is to rapidly and efficiently establish contact with multiple prearranged (net)

stations. This is achieved by the use of a single net address.

The net address is actually an additional address assigned in common to all the stations that are

members of a specific net. Its address structure is identical to that used for individual station addresses

(basic or extended, with or without stuffing, as necessary).

When defining a net, each member station is automatically assigned a timeslot: by having each station

answer a call request in a different timeslot, collisions are avoided.

C-6.2.3 Group Addresses

The purpose of a group call is to rapidly and efficiently establish contact with multiple

non-prearranged (group) stations.

To make a group call, a calling ALE station uses a sequence of the actual individual station addresses

of the called stations.

C-6.2.4 Special Addressing Modes – Use of Wildcards

A “wildcard” is a special character,“?”, that a calling station can use to address multiple stations with a

single call address. The following rules apply:

• The total length of a calling address that includes wildcard(s) must be equal to that of the called

station addresses.

• A receiving station will accept a wildcard character as a substitute for the alphanumeric

character in its own address that occupies the same position. This means that the wildcard

character is a substitute for any of 36 characters and digits (A to Z, 0 to 9) in the Basic 38

character subset.

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C-6

• Multiple wildcard characters can be used in different positions of the same address (basic or

extended).

See Table C-2 for examples of patterns using the “?” wildcard symbol.

Table

C-2. Use of “?” Wildcard Symbol

Pattern Interpretation

A B C “Standard” 3-character address, shown here for reference. All the characters in this

word must be evaluated

A B ?

A ? C

? B C

“Standard” “wild-1” address word. Indicates that only the positions occupied by other

characters (“A” and “B”) need be evaluated: the position occupied by the “?” symbol

can be ignored (ignored in this context means that any valid character is accepted)

A ? ?

? B ?

? ? C

“Standard” “wild-2” address word. Indicates that only the position occupied by an

character (“A”, “B” or “C”) need be evaluated: the positions occupied by the “?” symbols

can be ignored

? ? ? “Standard” “wild-3” address word. Indicates that all of the three positions in this word

can be ignored

A B @ “Stuff-1” reduced address field, shown here for reference. Only the first two characters

in this word must be evaluated

A ? @

? B @

“Wild-1” “stuff-1” address. Only the character “A” or “B” in this word must be evaluated

? ? @ “Wild-2” “stuff-2” address. Only the character “A” or “B” in this word must be evaluated

A @ @ “Stuff-2” reduced address field, shown here for reference. Only the first character in this

word must be evaluated

? @ @ “Wild-1” “stuff-2” address. Only t

he first character in this word must be evaluated, and is

ignored

@ A B “Double selective AnyCall” address word, shown here for reference: only the last two

characters in this word must be evaluated

@ A ? “Double selective AnyCall” “wild-1” address word: only the middle character “A” in this

word must be evaluated

@ ? B Not permitted. Use “selective AnyCall”

@ ? ? Not permitted. Use “global AnyCall”

@ @ A “Selective AnyCall”: see Table C-1

@ @ ? “Global AnyCall”: see Table C-1

@ A ? “Selective AllCall”: see Table C-1

@ ? @ “Global AllCall”: see Table C-1

? @ ? “Inlink address”: see page C-7

C-6.2.5 AllCall Addresses

An AllCall is a general broadcast that does not request responses and does not designate any specific

addressee: a call with this address is accepted by any station, which then stops scanning and listens to

the call. The most common use of AllCalls is in cases of distress: when in distress, it is more likely to

want to make any available connection in the minimum period of time than to issue a call to an

individual or to a select group.

The global AllCall address is @?@. As a variation, the calling station can also use selective AllCall.

Basically, the selective AllCall address is identical in function to the global AllCall, except that it

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specifies the last single character of the addresses of the desired subgroup of receiving stations (that is,

it replaces the ? with an alphanumeric – see more details in Table C-1). Any station whose address

matches the pattern stops scanning and listens.

The operator can always initiate an outgoing (transmit) AllCall, but the Micom Pathfinder can be

programmed to accept or ignore incoming (receive) AllCalls.

When a radio issues an AllCall, all the stations that are capable of receiving calls receive the AllCall.

In the scan mode, if the Micom Pathfinder station is set to receive AllCalls, it stops scanning when an

AllCall is received. If an AllCall channel has been defined, then outgoing AllCalls are performed on

that channel. If no AllCall channel has been defined, the call is performed on the first scanned channel

of the net. In the Channel mode, outgoing AllCalls are performed on the currently active channel.

NOTE

You can transmit an AllCall by pressing the ESC button for a few

seconds.

C-6.2.6 AnyCalls

An AnyCall is a general broadcast similar to AllCall with the difference that it requests responses,

without designating any specific addressee(s). Therefore, an ALE station may use the AnyCall to

generate responses from essentially unspecified stations, and thus it can identify new stations and

connectivities.

The global AnyCall address is @@?. As a variation, the calling station can also use selective AnyCall,

which is identical in function to the global AnyCall, except that it specifies the last single character of

the addresses of the desired subset of receiving stations (that is, it replaces the ? with an alphanumeric

– see more details in Table C-1). If even narrower acceptance and response criteria are required,

double selective AnyCall may be used: this is identical to selective AnyCall, except that its special

address (@AB) specifies the last two characters that the desired subset of receiving stations.

The operator can always initiate an outgoing (transmit) AnyCall, but the Micom Pathfinder can be

programmed to accept or ignore incoming (receive) AnyCalls.

Any station accepting an AnyCall stops scanning, and then initiates a response in a randomly selected

timeslot.

C-6.2.7 Self Addresses

Stations can also use their own self addresses when making calls. This may be useful for self-test and

maintenance purposes, etc.

The self address may be used only in specifically-addressed calls including a group call, but not in an

AllCall or AnyCall.

C-6.2.8 Null Address

The null address is a special type of address that is not directed to, accepted by, or responded to by any

station.

This address is intended for test and maintenance purposes, and to provide buffer time: for example, if

a null address appears in a group call, no station will respond in the associated timeslot.

C-6.2.9 Inlink Address

The inlink address, ?@?, is used to instruct all the stations participating in an already established link

to accept and act upon the information sent with the inlink address. For example, any station can use

the inlink address to send an AMD message that all the linked stations would present to their user.

The inlink address is recognized only after a link is established between two or more stations.

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C-7. USING THE MULTINET FEATURE

Normally, a radio operating in the ALE mode receives and transmits only in its currently selected net.

However, there are operational scenarios in which it is beneficial to enable radios to use the ALE

functions while still being aware of what is going on in additional nets (for example, firefighters and

paramedics must often respond to the same emergency), and be able of answering a call in another net.

For this purpose, Micom Pathfinder radios offer the MultiNet feature.

When the MultiNet feature is enabled, a Micom Pathfinder radio can operate on multiple nets (up to

20). The operating characteristics then change as follows:

• Channels: each net has a group of assigned (receiving and associated transmitting) frequencies.

The radio scans the channels in one net after the other, until all the nets have been scanned.

• Station addresses (the self-address and the net address used when responding to calls): the radio

responds according to the self-address assigned to the station in its currently selected net (for a

total of up to 20 self-addresses).

• Sounding: each radio sends soundings only within the currently selected net. Each radio scans

all the channels in the currently selected net, one by one. Sounding is started 10 minutes after

the unit is switched on. The sounding group interval is determined according to the programmed

Sounding Auto Time.

During operation, the Micom Pathfinder radio scans all the frequencies included in the defined nets:

• When the radio receives a call, it responds with the self-address that is programmed in the radio

for that net.

• When initiating a call, you select the net you want to transmit to, and then select an address (a

specific station, or any other type of address you wish to use). The radio then looks up the

frequencies that are associated with the station you call and uses only those frequencies to call

that station.

• LQA exchanges and sounding use only frequencies associated with the currently selected net.

Note that the time needed to scan multiple nets may be rather long, even when using the rather fast 5

channels/second scan rate. Moreover, the duration of a call set up request must also be long enough to

ensure that your call reaches all the relevant nets. You can use the MaxScanCh parameter (an ALE

programming option) to change the duration: the default, when AUTO is selected, is about 7 seconds;

however you can select a different value, in the range of 1 to 59 seconds. Make sure to use the

minimum value that ensures all the nets will hear your call set up request, because long durations are

very disruptive.

C-8. MESSAGES

The ALE enables you to create, send or receive alphanumeric messages (“paging” messages) in

accordance with the AMD (Automatic Display Message) definition in Federal Standard FS-1045.

The messages are displayed on the receiving station LCD display, and can be up to 90 characters long.

Messages can be added to any type of call, whether individual, group, net, AllCall, AnyCall,

bidirectional handshake, etc. You can create up to 12 messages, and can edit or erase any of the

messages at any time.

C-9. USING THE CALLER STACK

The caller stack is an internal memory that stores a list of unanswered calls. Each stack entry contains

the self address of the calling station and a message (AMD) if any was sent. You can view the list,

return a call and view any message sent with any call.

The stack can contain up to 10 calls. The radio records an address in the stack only once even if the

same caller makes repeated unanswered calls. However, if the same caller sent calls with different

messages, all such calls will be saved in the stack. Each stack entry is referred to as a Page.

The appearance of the word STAK next to one of the function buttons of the LCD display indicates

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that there is at least one call in the stack. The STAK indicator is automatically turned off when all

pages in the stack have been erased.

The stack is arranged in FIFO order, that is, the first address that enters the stack is also the first that

you see on the display. If the stack is full and a new call is received, the oldest call in the stack is

automatically erased.

For convenience, addresses appearing in the stack can be easily added to the ALE address directory.

C-10. QUICK CALL

During a call, the radio saves the latest destination information as the quick call information. When

the user presses the PTT of the microphone or handset twice in rapid sequence, the radio automatically

directs the call to that address.

In the ALE mode, channel information is also retained and used for quick calls.

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Contents

UN Micom Pathfinder_Service & Operation Manual_20720928700_FCC ID YO5 MICOM-PF 2

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