GemTek Technology R930706G Wireless AP VPN Router User Manual Prelimin Manual

Gemtek Technology Co., Ltd. Wireless AP VPN Router Prelimin Manual

Prelimin Manual

Chapter 1: IntroductionWelcomeWhat’s in this Guide?Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless NetworkThe Router’s FunctionsIP AddressesWhy do I need a VPN?What is a VPN?Chapter 3: Getting to Know theThe Back PanelThe Front PanelChapter 4: Connecting theOverviewWired Connection to a PCWireless Connection to a PCChapter 5: Configuring the PCsOverviewConfiguring Windows 98 and Millennium PCsConfiguring Windows 2000 PCsConfiguring Windows XP PCsChapter 6: Configuring the RouterOverviewHow to Access the Web-based UtilityThe Setup TabThe Wireless TabThe Security TabThe Access Restrictions TabThe Applications and Gaming TabThe Administration TabStatusAppendix A: TroubleshootingCommon Problems and SolutionsFrequently Asked QuestionsAppendix B: Wireless SecurityA Brief OverviewWhat Are The Risks?Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 orXP Computer and the GatewayIntroductionEnvironmentHow to Establish a Secure IPSec TunnelAppendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address forYour Ethernet AdapterWindows 98 or Me Instructions
Windows 2000 or XP InstructionsAppendix E: SNMP FunctionsAppendix F: Upgrading FirmwareAppendix G: Windows HelpAppendix H: GlossaryAppendix I: SpecificationsAppendix J: Warranty InformationAppendix K: Regulatory InformationAppendix L: Contact Information
Chapter 1: IntroductionWelcomeWireless-G is the upcoming 54Mbps wireless networking standard that’s almost five times fasterthan the widelydeployed Wireless-B (802.11b) products found in homes, businesses, and public wirelesshotspots around thecountry—but since they share the same 2.4GHz radio band, Wireless-G devices can alsointeroperate withexisting 11Mbps Wireless-B equipment.Since both standards are built in, you can protect your investment in existing 802.11binfrastructure, and migrateto the new screaming fast Wireless-G standard as your needs grow.The Wireless AP VPN Router is really three devices in one box. First, there’s the WirelessAccess Point, which lets you connect Wireless-G or Wireless-B devices to the network. There’salso a built-in 4-port full-duplex 10/100 Switch to connect your wired-Ethernet devices. Connect four PCs directly,or daisy-chainout to more hubs and switches to create as big a network as you need. Finally, the Router functionties it alltogether and lets your whole network share a high-speed cable or DSL Internet connection.To protect your data and privacy, the can encrypt all wireless transmissions.The Router can serve as a DHCP Server, has NAT technology to protect against Internet intruders,supports VPNpass-through, and can be configured to filter internal users’ access to the Internet. Configuration isa snap withthe web browser-based configuration utility.With the Wireless AP VPN Router at the center of your home or office network, you can share ahigh-speed Internet connection, files, printers, and multi-player games with the flexibility, speed,and securityyou need!What’s in this Guide?This user guide covers the steps for setting up and using the .• Chapter 1: IntroductionThis chapter describes the applications and this User Guide.• Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless NetworkThis chapter describes the basics of wireless networking.• Chapter 3: Getting to Know theThis chapter describes the physical features of the Router.• Chapter 4: Connecting theThis chapter instructs you on how to connect the Router to your network.• Chapter 5: Configuring the PCsThis chapter explains how to configure the PCs for your network.• Chapter 6: Configuring the RouterThis chapter explains how to use the Web-Based Utility to configure the settings on the Router.• Chapter 7: Boingo Hot Spot in a Box for Hot Spot BusinessesThis chapter explains how to sign up for the Boingo Hot Spot in a Box program.• Appendix A: TroubleshootingThis appendix describes some problems and solutions, as well as frequently asked questions,regardinginstallation and use of the .• Appendix B: Wireless SecurityThis appendix explains the risks of wireless networking and some solutions to reduce the risks.
• Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 Pc and the RouterThis appendix instructs you on how to establish a secure IPSec tunnel using preshared keys tojoin a privatenetwork inside the VPN Router and a Windows 2000 or XP PC.• Appendix D: SNMP FunctionsThis appendix explains SNMP.• Appendix E: Upgrading FirmwareThis appendix instructs you on how to upgrade the firmware on your Router if you should need todo so.• Appendix F: Windows HelpThis appendix describes how you can use Windows Help for instructions about networking, suchas installingthe TCP/IP protocol.• Appendix G: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for your Ethernet Adapter.This appendix describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethenet adapter so youcan use theMAC filtering and/or MAC address cloning feature of the Router.• Appendix H: GlossaryThis appendix gives a brief glossary of terms frequently used in networking.• Appendix I: SpecificationsThis appendix provides the technical specifications for the Router.• Appendix J: Warranty InformationThis appendix supplies the warranty information for the Router..• Appendix K: Regulatory InformationThis appendix supplies the regulatory information regarding the Router.• Appendix L: Contact InformationThis appendix provides contact information for a variety of Wireless AP VPN Router resources,including Technical Support.
Chapter 2: Planning yourWireless NetworkThe Router’s FunctionsSimply put, a router is a network device that connects two networks together.In this instance, the Router connects your Local Area Network (LAN), or the group of PCs in yourhome or office, tothe Internet. The Router processes and regulates the data that travels between these twonetworks.The Router’s NAT feature protects your network of PCs so users on the public, Internet sidecannot “see” yourPCs. This is how your network remains private. The Router protects your network by inspectingevery packetcoming in through the Internet port before delivery to the appropriate PC on your network. TheRouter inspectsInternet port services like the web server, ftp server, or other Internet applications, and, if allowed,it will forwardthe packet to the appropriate PC on the LAN side.Remember that the Router’s ports connect to two sides. The LAN ports connect to the LAN, andthe Internet portconnects to the Internet. The LAN and Internet ports transmit data at 10/100Mbps.IP AddressesWhat’s an IP Address?IP stands for Internet Protocol. Every device on an IP-based network, including PCs, print servers,and routers,requires an IP address to identify its “location,” or address, on the network. This applies to both theInternet andLAN connections. There are two ways of assigning an IP address to your network devices. Youcan assign staticIP addresses or use the Router to assign IP addresses dynamically.Static IP AddressesA static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a PC or other device on thenetwork. Since astatic IP address remains valid until you disable it, static IP addressing ensures that the deviceassigned it willalways have that same IP address until you change it. Static IP addresses must be unique and arecommonlyused with network devices such as server PCs or print servers.LAN: the computers and networking products thatmake up your local networkNOTE: Since the Router is a device that connects twonetworks, it needs two IP addresses—one for the LAN,and one for the Internet. In this User Guide, you’ll seereferences to the “Internet IP address” and the “LAN IPaddress.”Since the Router uses NAT technology, the only IPaddress that can be seen from the Internet for yournetwork is the Router’s Internet IP address. However,even this Internet IP address can be blocked, so that theRouter and network seem invisible to the Internet—seethe Block WAN Requests description under Filters in“Chapter 7: The Router’s Web-based Utility.”
Figure 2-1: NetworkIf you use the Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to find out ifthey haveassigned a static IP address to your account. If so, you will need that static IP address whenconfiguring theRouter. You can get that information from your ISP.Dynamic IP AddressesA dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network, such as PCs and printservers. TheseIP addresses are called “dynamic” because they are only temporarily assigned to the PC or device.After acertain time period, they expire and may change. If a PC logs onto the network (or the Internet)and its dynamic IPaddress has expired, the DHCP server will automatically assign it a new dynamic IP address.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ServersPCs and other network devices using dynamic IP addressing are assigned a new IP address by aDHCP server.The PC or network device obtaining an IP address is called the DHCP client. DHCP frees you fromhaving to assignIP addresses manually every time a new user is added to your network.A DHCP server can either be a designated PC on the network or another network device, such asthe Router. Bydefault, the Router’s DHCP Server function is enabled.If you already have a DHCP server running on your network, you must disable one of the twoDHCP servers. If yourun more than one DHCP server on your network, you will experience network errors, such asconflicting IPaddresses. To disable DHCP on the Router, see the DHCP section in “Chapter 6: The Router’sWeb-based Utility.”Why do I need a VPN?Computer networking provides a flexibility not available when using an archaic, paper-basedsystem. With thisflexibility, however, comes an increased risk in security. This is why firewalls were first introduced.Firewallshelp to protect data inside of a local network. But what do you do once information is sent outsideof your localnetwork, when emails are sent to their destination, or when you have to connect to yourcompany's networkwhen you are out on the road? How is your data protected?That is when a VPN can help. VPNs are called Virtual Private Networks because they secure datamoving outsideof your network as if it were still within that network.When data is sent out across the Internet from your computer, it is always open to attacks. Youmay already havea firewall, which will help protect data moving around or held within your network from beingcorrupted orintercepted by entities outside of your network, but once data moves outside of your network -when you senddata to someone via email or communicate with an individual over the Internet - the firewall will nolonger protectthat data.At this point, your data becomes open to hackers using a variety of methods to steal not only thedata you aretransmitting but also your network login and security data. Some of the most common methods are
as follows:1) MAC Address SpoofingPackets transmitted over a network, either your local network or the Internet, are preceded by apacket header.These packet headers contain both the source and destination information for that packet totransmit efficiently.A hacker can use this information to spoof (or fake) a MAC address allowed on the network. Withthis spoofedMAC address, the hacker can also intercept information meant for another user.2) Data SniffingData "sniffing" is a method used by hackers to obtain network data as it travels through unsecurednetworks,such as the Internet. Tools for just this kind of activity, such as protocol analyzers and networkdiagnostic tools,are often built into operating systems and allow the data to be viewed in clear text.3) Man in the middle attacksOnce the hacker has either sniffed or spoofed enough information, he can now perform a "man inthe middle"attack. This attack is performed, when data is being transmitted from one network to another, byrerouting thedata to a new destination. Even though the data is not received by its intended recipient, it appearsthat way tothe person sending the data.These are only a few of the methods hackers use and they are always developing more. Withoutthe security ofyour VPN, your data is constantly open to such attacks as it travels over the Internet. Datatravelling over theInternet will often pass through many different servers around the world before reaching its finaldestination.That's a long way to go for unsecured data and this is when a VPN serves its purpose.What is a VPN?A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a connection between two endpoints - a VPN Router, forinstance - indifferent networks that allows private data to be sent securely over a shared or public network,such as theInternet. This establishes a private network that can send data securely between these twolocations ornetworks.This is done by creating a "tunnel". A VPN tunnel connects the two PCs or networks and allowsdata to betransmitted over the Internet as if it were still within those networks. Not a literal tunnel, it is aconnectionsecured by encrypting the data sent between the two networks.VPN was created as a cost-effective alternative to using a private, dedicated, leased line for aprivate network.Using industry standard encryption and authentication techniques - IPSec, short for IP Security -the VPN createsa secure connection that, in effect, operates as if you were directly connected to your local network.VirtualPrivate Networking can be used to create secure networks linking a central office with branchoffices,telecommuters, and/or professionals on the road (travelers can connect to a VPN Router usingany computer withVPN client software that supports IPSec, such as SSH Sentinel.)There are two basic ways to create a VPN connection:
•VPN Router to VPN Router•Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN RouterThe VPN Router creates a “tunnel” or channel between two endpoints, so that data transmissionsbetween themare secure. A computer with VPN client software that supports IPSec can be one of the twoendpoints. Anycomputer with the built-in IPSec Security Manager (Microsoft 2000 and XP ) allows the VPNRouter to create aVPN tunnel using IPSec (refer to “Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XPPC and the VPNRouter”). Other versions of Microsoft operating systems require additional, third-party VPN clientsoftwareapplications that support IPSec to be installed.VPN Router to VPN RouterAn example of a VPN Router-to-VPN Router VPN would be as follows. (See Figure 2-2.) At home,a telecommuteruses his VPN Router for his always-on Internet connection. His router is configured with hisoffice's VPN settings.When he connects to his office's router, the two routers create a VPN tunnel, encrypting anddecrypting data. AsVPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the telecommuter now has asecure connectionto the central office's network, as if he were physically connected.IMPORTANT: You must have at least one VPNRouter on one end of the VPN tunnel. At the otherend of the VPN tunnel, you must have a secondVPN Router or a computer with VPN clientsoftware that supports IPSec.Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN RouterThe following is an example of a computer-to-VPN Router VPN. (See Figure 2-3.) In her hotelroom, a travelingbusinesswoman dials up her ISP. Her notebook computer has VPN client software that isconfigured with heroffice's VPN settings. She accesses the VPN client software that supports IPSec and connects tothe VPN Routerat the central office. As VPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, thebusinesswoman nowhas a secure connection to the central office's network, as if she were physically connected.For additional information and instructions about creating your own VPN, please visit Wireless APVPN Router’s website atwww.Wireless AP VPN Router.com or refer to “Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between aWindows 2000 or XP PC and the VPNRouter.”Figure 2-3: Computer-to-VPN Router VPN
Chapter 3: Getting to Know theWireless-G VPN BroadbandRouterThe Back PanelThe Router’s ports, where a network cable is connected, are located on the back panel.Internet The Internet port connects to your modem.LAN (1-4) The LAN (Local Area Network) ports connect to your PC and other network devices.Power The Power port is where you will connect the power adapter.Reset Button There are two ways to Reset the Router's factory defaults. Either press the ResetButton, forapproximately ten seconds, or restore the defaults from the Password tab in the Router’s Web-Based Utility.With these, and many other, Wireless AP VPN Router products, your networking options arelimitless. Go to the Wireless AP VPN Router website atwww.Wireless AP VPN Router.com for more information about products that work with the Router.Important: Resetting the Router will erase allof your settings (WEP Encryption, Wireless andLAN settings, etc.) and replace them with thefactory defaults. Do not reset the Router if youwant to retain these settings.Figure 3-1: Back PanelThe Front PanelThe Router's LEDs, where information about network activity is displayed, are located on the frontpanel.Power Green. The Power LED lights up when the Access Point is powered on.DMZ Red. The DMZ LED indicates the Access Point's self- diagnosis mode during boot-up andrestart. It will turn off upon completing the diagnosis. If this LED stays on for an abnormallylong period of time, refer to Appendix A: Troubleshooting.Internet Green. The Internet LED lights whenever there is a successful wireless connection. If theLEDis flickering, the Router is actively sending or receiving data to or from one of the devices onthe network.Wireless-G Green. The Wireless-G LED lights whenever there is a successful wirelessconnection.LAN (1-4) Green. The LAN LED serves two purposes. If the LED is continuously lit, the Router issuccessfully connected to a device through the LAN port. If the LED is flickering, it is anindication of any network activity.Figure 3-2: Front Panel
Chapter 4: Connecting theWireless-G VPN BroadbandRouterOverviewThe Router’s setup consists of more than simply plugging hardware together. You will have toconfigure yournetworked PCs to accept the IP addresses that the Router assigns them (if applicable), and youwill also have toconfigure the Router with setting(s) provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).The installation technician from your ISP should have left the setup information for your modemwith you afterinstalling your broadband connection. If not, you can call your ISP to request that data.Once you have the setup information you need for your specific type of Internet connection, youcan begininstallation and setup of the Router.If you want to use a PC with an Ethernet adapter to configure the Router, continue to “WiredConnection to a PC.”If you want to use a PC with a wireless adapter to configure the Router, continue to “WirelessConnection to aPC.”Wired Connection to a PC1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your network’s hardware is powered off, including theRouter, PCs,and cable or DSL modem.2. Connect one end of an Ethernet network cable to one of the LAN ports (labeled 1-4) on the backof the Router(see Figure 4-1), and the other end to an Ethernet port on a PC.3. Repeat this step to connect more PCs, a switch, or other network devices to the Router.4. Connect a different Ethernet network cable from your cable or DSL modem to the Internet porton the Router’srear panel (see Figure 4-2). This is the only port that will work for your modem connection.5. Power on the cable or DSL modem.6. Connect the power adapter to the Router’s Power port (see Figure 4-3), and then plug thepower adapter intoa power outlet.• The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connectedproperly.The Power LED will flash for a few seconds, then it will light up steady when the self-test iscomplete. Ifthe LED flashes for one minute or longer, see “Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”7. Power on one of your PCs that is connected to the Router.Wireless Connection to a PCIf you want to use a wireless connection to access the Router, follow these instructions:1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your network’s hardware is powered off, including theRouter, PCs,and cable or DSL modem.2. Connect an Ethernet network cable from your cable or DSL modem to the Internet port on the
Router’s rearpanel (see Figure 4-2). This is the only port that will work for your modem connection.3. Power on the cable or DSL modem.4. Connect the power adapter to the Power port (see Figure 4-3), and then plug the power adapterinto a poweroutlet.Figure 4-2: Internet PortFigure 4-1: LAN PortsFigure 4-3: Power PortNOTE: You should always change the SSIDfrom its default, Wireless AP VPN Router, and enable WEPencryption.NOTE: You should always plug the Router’spower adapter into a power strip with surgeprotection.• The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connectedproperly.The Power LED will flash for a few seconds, then light up steady when the self-test is complete. Ifthe LEDflashes for one minute or longer, see “Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”5. Power on one of the PCs on your wireless network(s).6. For initial access to the Router through a wireless connection, make sure the PC’s wirelessadapter has itsSSID set to Wireless AP VPN Router-g (the Router’s default setting), and its WEP encryption isdisabled. After you haveaccessed the Router, you can change the Router and this PC’s adapter settings to match the yourusualnetwork settings.The Router’s hardware installation is now complete.Go to “Chapter 5: Configuring the PCs.”
Chapter 5: Configuring the PCsOverviewThe instructions in this chapter will help you configure each of your computers to be able tocommunicate withthe Router.To do this, you need to configure your PC’s network settings to obtain an IP (or TCP/IP) addressautomatically, soyour PC can function as a DHCP client. Computers use IP addresses to communicate with theRouter and eachother across a network, such as the Internet.First, find out which Windows operating system your computer is running. You can find out byclicking the Startbutton. Read the side panel of the Start menu to find out which operating system your PC isrunning.You may need to do this for each computer you are connecting to the Router.The next few pages tell you, step by step, how to configure your network settings based on thetype of Windowsoperating system you are using. Make sure that an Ethernet or wireless adapter (also known as anetworkadapter) has been successfully installed in each PC you will configure. Once you’ve configuredyour computers,continue to “Chapter 6: Using the Router’s Web-Based Utility.”Configuring Windows 98 and Millennium PCs1. Click the Start button. Select Settings and click the Control Panel icon. Double-click theNetwork icon.2. On the Configuration tab, select the TCP/IP line for the applicable Ethernet adapter, as shown inFigure 5-1.Do not choose a TCP/IP entry whose name mentions DUN, PPPoE, VPN, or AOL. If the wordTCP/IP appears byitself, select that line. Click the Properties button.3. Click the IP Address tab. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. (See Figure 5-2.)IMPORTANT: Important: By default Windows 98,2000, Me, and XP has TCP/IP installed and set toobtain an IP address automatically. If your PC doesnot have TCP/IP installed, click Start and thenHelp. Search for the keyword TCP/IP. Then followthe instructions to install TCP/IP.Figure 5-1: Configuration TabFigure 5-2: IP Address Tab4. Now click the Gateway tab, and verify that the Installed Gateway field is blank. Click the OKbutton.5. Click the OK button again. Windows may ask you for the original Windows installation disk oradditional files.Check for the files at c:\windows\options\cabs, or insert your Windows CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive andcheck the correct file location, e.g., D:\win98, D:\win9x, etc. (if “D” is the letter of your CD-ROMdrive).6. Windows may ask you to restart your PC. Click the Yes button. If Windows does not ask you torestart, restartyour computer anyway.Go to “Chapter 6: Using the Router’s Web-Based Utility.”Configuring Windows 2000 PCs
1. Click the Start button. Select Settings and click the Control Panel icon. Double-click theNetwork and DialupConnections icon.2. Select the Local Area Connection icon for the applicable Ethernet adapter (usually it is the firstLocal AreaConnection listed). Double-click the Local Area Connection. Click the Properties button. (SeeFigure 5-3.)3. Make sure the box next to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked. Highlight Internet Protocol(TCP/IP), and clickthe Properties button. (See Figure 5-4.)4. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Once the new window appears, click the OKbutton. Click theOK button again to complete the PC configuration. (See Figure 5-53.)5. Restart your computer.Go to “Chapter 6: Using the Router’s Web-Based Utility.”Figure 5-3: PropertiesFigure 5-4: TCP/IPFigure 5-5: IP AddressConfiguring Windows XP PCsThe following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If youare using theClassic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), please followtheinstructions for Windows 2000.1. Click the Start button and then the Control Panel icon. Click the Network and InternetConnections icon.Then click the Network Connections icon.2. Select the Local Area Connection icon for the applicable Ethernet adapter (usually it is the firstLocal AreaConnection listed). Double-click the Local Area Connection. Click the Properties button. (SeeFigure 5-6.)3. Make sure the box next to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked. Highlight Internet Protocol(TCP/IP), andclick the Properties button. (See Figure 5-7.)Figure 5-6: PropertiesFigure 5-7: TCP/IP4. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. (See Figure 5-8.) Once the new window appears,click the OKbutton. Click the OK button again to complete the PC configuration.Go to “Chapter 6: Using the Router’s Web-Based Utility.”Figure 5-8: IP Address
Chapter 6: Configuring theRouterOverviewWireless AP VPN Router recommends using the Setup CD-ROM for first-time installation of theRouter and setting up additionalcomputers. If you do not wish to run the Setup Wizard on the Setup CD-ROM, then follow thesteps in this chapterand use the Router’s web-based utility to configure the Router. This chapter will describe eachweb page in theUtility and each page’s key functions. The utility can be accessed via your web browser throughuse of acomputer connected to the Router. For a basic network setup, most users only have to use thefollowing screensof the Utility:• Basic Setup. On the Basic Setup screen, enter the settings provided by your ISP.• Management. Click the Administration tab and then the Management tab. The Router’s defaultpassword isadmin. To secure the Router, change the Password from its default.There are seven main tabs: Setup, Wireless, Security, Access Restrictions, Applications &Gaming,Administration, and Status. Additional tabs will be available after you click one of the main tabs.Setup• Basic Setup. Enter the Internet connection and network settings on this screen.• DDNS. To enable the Router’s Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature, complete thefields on thisscreen.• MAC Address Clone. If you need to clone a MAC address onto the Router, use this screen.• Advanced Routing. On this screen, you can alter Network Address Translation (NAT), DynamicRouting, andStatic Routing configurations.• Hot Spot. To enable the Hot Spot in a Box feature and turn your Router into a commercial HotSport, Registerwith your Hot Spot service provider on this screen.Wireless• Basic Wireless Settings. You can choose your Wireless Network Mode and Wireless Security onthis screen.• Wireless Network Access. This screen displays your network access list.Note: For added security, you should changethe password through the Administrationscreen of the web-based utility.NAT (Network Address Translation): NATtechnology translates IP addresses of a local areanetwork to a different IP address for the Internet.Have You: Enabled TCP/IP on your PCs? PCscommunicate over the network with thisprotocol. Refer to Appendix D: Windows Help formore information on TCP/IP.Note: The Router is designed to functionproperly after connecting the Router to yournetwork. This chapter is provided solely forthose who wish to perform more advanced
configuration or monitoring.• Advanced Wireless Settings. On this screen you can access the Advanced Wireless features ofAuthenticationType, Basic Data Rates, Control Tx Rates, Beacon Interval, DTIM Interval, RTS Threshold, andFragmentationThreshold.Security• Filter. To block specific users from Internet access, you can set up IP address, port, and MACaddress filteringon the Filter screen.• VPN. To enable or disable IPSec, L2TP, and/or PPTP Pass-through, and set up VPN tunnels,use this screen.• 802.1x. Use this screen to set up RADIUS authentication.Access Restrictions• Access Restriction. This screen allows you to prevent or permit only certain users from attachingto yournetwork.Applications & Gaming• Port Range Forwarding. To set up public services or other specialized Internet applications onyour network,click this tab.• Port Triggering. To set up triggered ranges and forwarded ranges for Internet applications, clickthis tab.• UPnP Forwarding. Use this screen to alter UPnP forwarding settings.• DMZ. To allow one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of special-purpose services,use thisscreen.Administration• Management. On this screen, alter router access privileges and UPnP settings.• Log. If you want to view or save activity logs, click this tab.• Diagnostics. Use this screen to check the connection between your Router and PC.• Factory Defaults. If you want to restore the Router’s factory defaults, then use this screen.• Firmware Upgrade. Click this tab if you want to upgrade the Router’s firmware.DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message):A message included in data packets that canincrease wireless efficiency.Beacon Interval :The frequency interval of thebeacon, which is a packet broadcast by arouter to synchronize a wireless network.RTS (Request To Send): A packet sent when acomputer has data to transmit. The computerwill wait for a CTS (Clear To Send) messagebefore sending data.Fragmentation: Breaking a packet into smallerunits when transmitting over a network mediumthat cannot support the original size of thepacket.Status• Router. This screen provides status information about the Router.• Local Network. This provides status information about the local network.How to Access the Web-based UtilityTo access the web-based utility, launch Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, and enter the
Router’s default IPaddress, 192.168.1.1, in the Address field. Then press Enter.A password request page, shown in Figure 6-1 will appear. (non-Windows XP users will see asimilar screen.)Enter admin (the default user name) in the User Name field, and enter admin (the defaultpassword) in thePassword field. Then click the OK button.The Setup TabThe Basic Setup TabThe first screen that appears is the Basic Setup tab. (See Figure 6-2.) This tab allows you tochange the Router'sgeneral settings. Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button tosave yourchanges or Cancel Changes to cancel your changes.Internet Setup• Internet Connection Type. The Router supports four connection types: Automatic Configuration -DHCP (thedefault connection type), PPPoE, Static IP, and PPTP. Each Basic Setup screen and availablefeatures willdiffer depending on what kind of connection type you select.Automatic Configuration - DHCPBy default, the Router’s Configuration Type is set to Automatic Configuration - DHCP, and itshould be keptonly if your ISP supports DHCP or you are connecting through a dynamic IP address.Figure 6-2: Setup Tab/DHCP Internet Connection TypeFigure 6-1: Password ScreenStatic (See Figure 6-3.)If you are required to use a permanent IP address to connect to the Internet, then select Static IP.• IP Address. This is the Router’s IP address, when seen from the WAN, or the Internet. Your ISPwill provideyou with the IP Address you need to specify here.• Subnet Mask. This is the Router’s Subnet Mask, as seen by external users on the Internet(including yourISP). Your ISP will provide you with the Subnet Mask.• Default Gateway. Your ISP will provide you with the Default Gateway Address, which is the ISPserver’s IPaddress.• Primary DNS. (Required) and Secondary DNS (Optional). Your ISP will provide you with at leastone DNS(Domain Name System) Server IP Address.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, orclick the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.PPPoE (See Figure 6-4.)Some DSL-based ISPs use PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) to establish Internetconnections. Ifyou are connected to the Internet through a DSL line, check with your ISP to see if they usePPPoE. If they do,you will have to enable PPPoE.• User Name and Password. Enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP.• Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time. You can configure the Router to cut the Internet connectionafter ithas been inactive for a specified period of time (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection hasbeen
terminated due to inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Router to automatically re-establishyourconnection as soon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you wish to activate ConnectonDemand, click the radio button. In the Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you wantto haveelapsed before your Internet connection terminates.• Keep Alive Option: Redial Period. If you select this option, the Router will periodically check yourInternetconnection. If you are disconnected, then the Router will automatically re-establish yourconnection. Touse this option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you specifyhow oftenyou want the Router to check the Internet connection. The default Redial Period is 30 seconds.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, orclick the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-3: Static Internet Connection TypeFigure 6-4: PPPoE Internet Connection TypePPTP (See Figure 6-5.)Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a service that applies to connections in Europe only(see Figure 6-8).• Internet IP Address. This is the Router’s IP address, when seen from the Internet. Your ISP willprovide youwith the IP Address you need to specify here.• Subnet Mask. This is the Router’s Subnet Mask, as seen by external users on the Internet(including yourISP). Your ISP will provide you with the Subnet Mask.• Default Gateway. Your ISP will provide you with the Default Gateway Address.• User Name and Password. Enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP.• Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time. You can configure the Router to cut the Internet connectionafter ithas been inactive for a specified period of time (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection hasbeenterminated due to inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Router to automatically re-establishyourconnection as soon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you wish to activate ConnectonDemand, click the radio button. In the Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you wantto haveelapsed before your Internet connection terminates.• Keep Alive Option: Redial Period. If you select this option, the Router will periodically check yourInternetconnection. If you are disconnected, then the Router will automatically re-establish yourconnection. Touse this option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. To use this option, click the radio buttonnext toKeep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you specify how often you want the Router to check theInternetconnection. The default Redial Period is 30 seconds.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, orclick the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Optional Settings (Required by some ISPs)
• Host Name and Domain Name. These fields allow you to supply a host and domain name for theRouter. SomeISPs require these names as identification. You may have to check with your ISP to see if yourbroadbandInternet service has been configured with a host and domain name. In most cases, leaving thesefields blankwill work.• MTU. The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) settingspecifies the largest packet size permitted for networktransmission. Select Manual and enter the value desired. It isrecommended that you leave this value in the1200 to 1500 range. For most DSL users, it is recommendedto use the value 1492. By default, MTU is set at1500 when Auto.Network Setup• Gateway IP. The values for the Router’s Local IP Address and Subnet Mask are shown here. Inmost cases,keeping the default values will work.• Local IP Address. The default value is 192.168.1.1.• Subnet Mask. The default value is 255.255.255.0.• Network Address Server Settings (DHCP). A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)serverautomatically assigns an IP address to each PC on your network for you. Unless you already haveone, it ishighly recommended that you leave the Router enabled as a DHCP server.• Local DHCP Server. DHCP is already enabled by factory default. If you already have a DHCPserver on yournetwork, set the Router’s DHCP option to Disable. If you disable DHCP, remember to assign astatic IPaddress to the Router.• Start IP Address. Enter a value for the DHCP server to start with when issuing IP addresses. Thisvaluemust be 192.168.1. 2 or greater, because the default IP address for the Router is 192.168.1.1.• Number of Address. Enter the maximum number of PCs that you want the DHCP server toassign IPaddresses to. This number cannot be greater than 253. In order to determine the DHCP IPAddress range,add the starting IP address (e.g., 100) to the number of DHCP users. By default, as shown inFigure 6-9,add 100 to 50, and the range is 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.149.• IP Address Range. The range of DHCP addresses is displayed here.. DNS IP Address: The DHCP Server has the ability todynamically update the Domain Name System. You can definehow you want the Domain Name System to be updated evenit's public. • Time Setting. This is where you set the time for your Router. You can set the time and datemanually orautomatically, by setting the time zone.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these
changes, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.The DDNS TabThe Router offers a Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature. DDNS lets you assign afixed host and domainname to a dynamic Internet IP address. It is useful when you are hosting your own website, FTPserver, or otherserver behind the Router.Before you can use this feature, you need to sign up for DDNS service at one of two DDNS serviceproviders,DynDNS.org or TZO.com.DDNSDDNS Service. If your DDNS service is provided by DynDNS.org, then select DynDNS.org in thedrop-down menu.(See Figure 6-6.) If your DDNS service is provided by TZO, then select TZO.com. (See Figure 6-7.) The featuresavailable on the DDNS screen will vary, depending on which DDNS service provider you use.DynDNS.org• User Name, Password, and Host Name. Enter the User Name, Password, and Host Name of theaccount youset up with DynDNS.org.• Internet IP Address. The Router’s current Internet IP Address is displayed here. Because it isdynamic, it willchange.• Status. The status of the DDNS service connection is displayed here.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.TZO.com Tab• Email Address, TZO Password Key, and Domain Name. Enter the Email Address, TZOPassword Key, andDomain Name of the service you set up with TZO.• Internet IP Address. The Router’s current Internet IP Address is displayed here. Because it isdynamic, this willchange.• Status. The status of the DDNS service connection is displayed here.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-6: DynDNS.orgFigure 6-7: TZO.comMAC Address Clone Tab (See Figure 6-8.)The Router’s MAC address is a 12-digit code assigned to a unique piece of hardware foridentification, like asocial security number. If your ISP requires MAC address registration, find your adapter’s MACaddress byfollowing the instructions in “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for YourEthernet Adapter.”MAC Clone• MAC Clone Service. To use MAC address cloning, select Enable.• MAC Address. To manually clone a MAC address, enter the 12 digits of your adapter’s MACaddress in the onscreenfields (see Figure 6-25). Then click the Save Settings button.
• Clone My MAC Address. If you want to clone the MAC address of the PC you are currently usingto configurethe Router, then click the Clone My MAC Address button. The Router will automatically detectyour PC’sMAC address, so you do NOT have to call your ISP to change the registered MAC address to theRouter’s MACaddress. It is recommended that the PC registered with the ISP is used to open the MAC AddressClone tab.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Advanced Routing TabThe Advanced Routing screen allows you to configure the dynamic routing and static routingsettings. (See Figure6-9.)Advanced Routing• Operating Mode. Select Gateway or Router for the Operating Mode from the drop-down menu.• Dynamic Routing. With Dynamic Routing you can enable the Router to automatically adjust tophysicalchanges in the network’s layout. The Router, using the RIP protocol, determines the networkpackets’ routebased on the fewest number of hops between the source and the destination. The RIP protocolregularlybroadcasts routing information to other routers on the network.• Receive RIP Version To use dynamic routing for reception of network data, select the protocolyou want: RIP1or RIP2.• Transmit RIP Version. To use dynamic routing for transmission of network data, select theprotocol you want:RIP1, RIP1-Compatible, or RIP2.Figure 6-8: MAC Address CloneFigure 6-9: Advanced RoutingStatic RoutingIf the Router is connected to more than one network, it may be necessary to set up a static routebetween them.A static route is a pre-determined pathway that network information must travel to reach a specifichost ornetwork. To create a static route, change the following settings:• Select Number. Select the number of the static route from the drop-down menu. The Routersupports up to20 static route entries.• Delete This Entry. If you need to delete a route, select its number from the drop-down menu, andclick theDelete Entry button.• LAN IP Address. The LAN IP Address is the address of the remote network or host to which youwant to assigna static route. Enter the IP address of the host for which you wish to create a static route. If you arebuilding aroute to an entire network, be sure that the network portion of the IP address is set to 0. Forexample, theRouter’s standard IP address is 192.168.1.1. Based on this address, the address of the routednetwork is192.168.1, with the last digit determining the Router’s place on the network. Therefore you wouldenter the IPaddress 192.168.1.0 if you wanted to route to the Router’s entire network, rather than just to the
Router.• Subnet Mask. The Subnet Mask (also known as the Network Mask) determines which portion ofan IP addressis the network portion, and which portion is the host portion. Take, for example, a network in whichtheSubnet Mask is 255.255.255.0. This determines (by using the values 255) that the first threenumbers of anetwork IP address identify this particular network, while the last digit (from 1 to 254) identifies thespecifichost.• Default Gateway. This IP address should be the IP address of the gateway device that allows forcontactbetween the Router and the remote network or host.• metric. This determines the maximum number of steps between network nodes that data packetswill travel.A node is any device on the network, such as PCs, print servers, routers, etc.• Interface. Select LAN & Wireless or Internet, depending on the location of the static route’s finaldestination.• Show Routing Table. Click the Show Routing Table button to open a screen displaying howdata is routedthrough your LAN. For each route, the Destination LAN IP address, Subnet Mask, DefaultGateway, andInterface are displayed. Click the Refresh button to update the information. See Figure 6-10.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-10: Routing TableHot Spot TabThe Hot Spot tab is for business owners who want to generate revenue by turning their Router intoa commercialHot Spot using Boingo™ Hot Spot in a Box®.For additional information, click More Info or refer to Chapter 7: Boingo® Hot Spot in a BoxProgram for Hot SpotBusinesses.To start the registration process, click Register.The Wireless TabBasic Wireless Settings (See Figure 6-12.)This screen allows you to choose your wireless network mode and wireless security.Wireless Network• Wireless Network Mode. If you have Wireless-G and 802.11b devices in your network, then keepthe defaultsetting, Mixed. If you have only Wireless-G devices, select G-Only. If you want to disable wirelessnetworking, select Disable.• Wireless Network Name. Enter the Wireless Network Name (SSID) into the field. The SSID isthe networkname shared among all devices in a wireless network. The SSID must be identical for all devicesin thewireless network. It is case-sensitive and must not exceed 32 alphanumeric characters, whichmay be anykeyboard character. For added security, Wireless AP VPN Router recommends that you changethe default SSID (Wireless AP VPN Router) to aunique name of your choice.• Wireless Channel. Select the appropriate channel from the list provided to correspond with yournetwork
settings, between 1 and 11 (in North America). All devices in your wireless network must use thesamechannel in order to function correctly.• Wireless SSID Broadcast. When wireless clients survey the local area for wireless networks toassociate with,they will detect the SSID broadcast by the Router. To broadcast the Router's SSID, keep thedefault setting,Enabled. If you do not want to broadcast the Router's SSID, then select Disabled.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-11: Hot Spot in a BoxFigure 6-12: Basic Wireless SettingsWireless Security TabThe Wireless Security settings configure the security of your wireless network. There are fourwireless securitymode options supported by the Router: WPA Pre-Shared Key, WPA RADIUS, RADIUS, and WEP.(WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access, which is a security standard stronger than WEP encryption. WEP stands forWired EquivalentPrivacy, while RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service.) These four arebriefly discussedhere. For detailed instructions on configuring wireless security for the Router, turn to “Appendix B:WirelessSecurity.”WPA Pre-Shared Key. WPA gives you one encryption method, TKIP, with dynamic encryptionkeys. Select the typeof algorithm, TKIP. Enter a WPA Shared Key of 8-63 characters. Then enter a Group KeyRenewal period, whichinstructs the Router how often it should change the encryption keys. (See Figure 6-13.)WPA RADIUS. This option features WPA used in coordination with a RADIUS server. (This shouldonly be usedwhen a RADIUS server is connected to the Router.) First, select the type of WPA algorithm youwant to use, TKIP.Enter the RADIUS server’s IP Address and port number, along with a key shared between theRouter and theserver. Last, enter a Key Renewal Timeout, which instructs the Router how often it should changethe encryptionkeys. (See Figure 6-14.)Figure 6-13: Wireless Security-WPA Pre-Shared KeyFigure 6-14: Wireless Security - WPA RADIUSRADIUS. This option features WEP used in coordination with a RADIUS server. (This should onlybe used when aRADIUS server is connected to the Router.) First, enter the RADIUS server’s IP Address into theRADIUS ServerAddress field, and port number into the RADIUS Port field, along with a key shared between theRouter and theserver into the Shared Key field. Then, select the level of WEP encryption, 64 bits 10 hex digitsor 128 bits 26hex digits, and Default Key (choose which Key to use). Last, either generate a WEP key using thePassphrase orenter the WEP key manually. (See Figure 6-15.)Figure 6-15: Wireless Security - RADIUS
WEP. WEP is a basic encryption method, which is not as secure as WPA. To use WEP, select aDefault Key (choosewhich Key to use), and a level of WEP encryption, 64 bits 10 hex digits or 128 bits 26 hex digits.Then eithergenerate a WEP key using a Passphrase or enter the WEP key manually. (See Figure 6-16.)• Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button to apply yourchanges or CancelChanges to cancel your changes. For detailed instructions on configuring wireless security for theRouter,turn to “Appendix B: Wireless Security.”• WEP Encryption Level. An acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP is an encryption methodused to protectyour wireless data communications. WEP uses 64-bit or 128-bit keys to provide access control toyournetwork and encryption security for every data transmission. To decode data transmissions, alldevices in anetwork must use an identical WEP key. Higher encryption levels offer higher levels of security,but due to thecomplexity of the encryption, they may decrease network performance. To enable WEP, select 64bits (10hex digits) or 128 bits (26 hex digits).• Passphrase for keys. Instead of manually entering WEP keys, you can enter a passphrase. Thispassphrase isused to generate one or more WEP keys. It is case-sensitive and should not be longer than 32alphanumericcharacters. (This Passphrase function is compatible with Wireless AP VPN Router wirelessproducts only and cannot be usedwith Windows XP Zero Configuration. If you want to communicate with non-Wireless AP VPNRouter wireless products orWindows XP Zero Configuration, make a note of the WEP key generated in the Key 1 field, andenter itmanually in the wireless client.) After you enter the Passphrase, click the Generate button tocreate WEPkeys.• Default Key Select which WEP key (1-4) will be used when the Gateway sends data. Make surethat thereceiving device (wireless client) is using the same key.• WEP Keys 1-4. WEP keys enable you to create an encryption scheme for wireless networktransmissions. Ifyou are not using a Passphrase, then manually enter a set of values. (Do not leave a key fieldblank, and donot enter all zeroes; they are not valid key values.) If you are using 64-bit WEP encryption, the keymust beexactly 10 hexadecimal characters in length. If you are using 128-bit WEP encryption, the keymust be exactly26 hexadecimal characters in length. Valid hexadecimal characters are “0”-“9” and “A”-“F”.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-16: Wireless Security - WEPWireless Network Access (See Figure 6-17.)Wireless Network Access. If this function is enabled, only the computers on the list will be allowedaccess to thewireless network. Click Disabled to disable the function.
To add a computer to the network, click the Permit to access button, and enter the MAC addressin the fields.Click the Select MAC Address From Networked Computers button, and the screen in Figure 6-18 will appear.Select the MAC Address from the list and click the Select button.To prevent access, click the Prevent from accessing button, then click Select MAC Addressfrom the list.From the screen in Figure 6-18, select the MAC Address from the list, and click the Select button.Click the Refresh button if you want to refresh the screen. Click the Close button to return to thprevious screen.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-17: Wireless Network AccessFigure 6-18: Networked ComputersAdvanced Wireless Settings (See Figure 6-19.)On this screen you can access the Advanced Wireless features, including Authentication Type,Basic Data Rates,Control Tx Rates, Beacon Interval, DTIM Interval, RTS Threshold, and Fragmentation Threshold.• Authentication Type. The default is set to Auto, which allows either Open System or Shared Keyauthenticationto be used. For Open System authentication, the sender and the recipient do NOT use a WEP keyforauthentication. For Shared Key authentication, the sender and recipient use a WEP key forauthentication. Ifyou want to use only Shared Key authentication, then select Shared Key.CTS Protection mode: Ensures that your wireless router doesnot interfere with neighbor networks. 802.11b networkscannot hear 802.11g networks, but 802.11g networks canhear 802.11b networks. 802.11g networks cause collisions on802.11b networks so the Protection Mode forces the 802.11gnetwork to negotiate around the 802.11b network. Thedefault is Auto.• Basic Data Rates. Select 1-2 Mbps, All, or Default, from the drop-down menu.• Control Tx Rates. The default transmission rate is Auto. The range is from 1 to 54Mbps. The rateof datatransmission should be set depending on the speed of your wireless network. You can select froma range oftransmission speeds, or keep the default setting, Auto, to have the Router automatically use thefastestpossible data rate and enable the Auto-Fallback feature. Auto-Fallback will negotiate the bestpossibleconnection speed between the Router and a wireless client.• Beacon Interval. The default value is 100. Enter a value between 1 and 65,535 milliseconds. TheBeaconInterval value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon. A beacon is a packet broadcast bythe Router tosynchronize the wireless network.• DTIM Interval The default value is 3. This value, between 1 and 255 milliseconds, indicates theinterval of the
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informing clients ofthe nextwindow for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the Router has bufferedbroadcast ormulticast messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. Itsclients hearthe beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast messages.• RTS Threshold This value should remain at its default setting of 2347. The range is 0-2347 bytes.Should youencounter inconsistent data flow, only minor modifications are recommended. If a network packetis smallerthan the preset RTS threshold size, the RTS/CTS mechanism will not be enabled. The Routersends Request toSend (RTS) frames to a particular receiving station and negotiates the sending of a data frame.After receivingan RTS, the wireless station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame to acknowledge the rightto begintransmission.• Fragmentation Threshold This value should remain at its default setting of 2346. The range is256-2346bytes. It specifies the maximum size for a packet before data is fragmented into multiple packets. Ifyouexperience a high packet error rate, you may slightly increase the Fragmentation Threshold.Setting theFragmentation Threshold too low may result in poor network performance. Only minormodifications of thisvalue are recommended.Figure 6-19: Advanced Wireless SettingsThe Security TabFirewallWhen you click the Security tab, you will see the Firewall screen (see Figure 6-20). This screencontains Filtersand Block WAN Requests. Filters block specific internal users from accessing the Internet andblock anonymousInternet requests and/or multicasting.• Firewall. To add Firewall Protection, click Enabled. If you do not want Firewall Protection, clickDisabled.• Filter Proxy. Use of WAN proxy servers may compromise the Router's security. Denying FilterProxy willdisable access to any WAN proxy servers. To enable proxy filtering, click Enabled.• Filter Cookies. A cookie is data stored on your PC and used by Internet sites when you interactwith them. Toenable cookie filtering, click Enabled.• Filter Java Applets. Java is a programming language for websites. If you deny Java Applets, yourun the riskof not having access to Internet sites created using this programming language. To enable JavaAppletfiltering, click Enabled.• Filter ActiveX. ActiveX is a programming language for websites. If you deny ActiveX, you run therisk of nothaving access to Internet sites created using this programming language. To enable ActiveXfiltering, clickEnabled.• Filter Multicast. Multicasting allows for multiple transmissions to specific recipients at the same
time. Ifmulticasting is permitted, then the Router will allow IP multicast packets to be forwarded to theappropriatecomputers. Select Enabled to filter multicasting, or Disabled to disable this feature.• Block Anonymous Internet Requests. This keeps your network from being “pinged” or detectedandreinforces your network security by hiding your network ports, so it is more difficult for intruders towork theirway into your network. Select Enabled to block anonymous Internet requests, or Disabled toallowanonymous Internet requests.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-20: FirewallVPNVirtual Private Networking (VPN) is a security measure that basically creates a secure connectionbetween tworemote locations. This connection is very specific as far as its settings are concerned; this is whatcreates thesecurity. The VPN screen, shown in Figure 6-21, allows you to configure your VPN settings tomake your networkmore secure.VPN PassThrough• IPSec Passthrough. Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a suite of protocols used to implementsecureexchange of packets at the IP layer. To allow IPSec Passthrough, click the Enabled button. Todisable IPSecPassthrough, click the Disabled button.• PPTP Pass Through. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Passthrough is the method used toenable VPNsessions to a Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 server. To allow PPTP Passthrough, click the Enabledbutton. Todisable PPTP Passthrough, click the Disabled button.• L2TP Pass Through. Layering 2 Tunneling Protocol Passthrough is an extension of the Point-to-Point TunnelingProtocol (PPTP) used by to enable the operation of a virtual private network (VPN) over theInternet.To allowL2TP Passthrough, click the Enabled button. To disable L2TP Passthrough, click the Disabledbutton.VPN TunnelThe VPN Router creates a tunnel or channel between two endpoints, so that the data orinformation betweenthese endpoints is secure.• To establish this tunnel, select the tunnel you wish to create in the Select Tunnel Entry drop-down box. It ispossible to create up to 100 simultaneous tunnels. Then click Enabled to enable the VPN Tunnel.Once thetunnel is enabled, enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field. This is to allow you toidentifymultiple tunnels and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel. If youwant to routeall the traffic through the tunnel, and not just the ones destined for the remote secure group, clickEnabledfor the VPN Gateway.
VPN Gateway: Assign this VPN as default routeLocal Secure Group and Remote Secure Group.The Local Secure Group is the computer(s) on your LAN that can access the tunnel.Local Secure Group defines the endpoint on localsite. It can be one IP address,IP Range, Subnet, or NONE (Host).From the drop-downmenu, select Subnet, to include the entire network for the tunnel; select IP Address if you want aspecificcomputer; IP Range, if you want to include a range of IP addresses; or select Host, which is usedwith PortForwarding to direct the traffic to the correct computer. The screen will change depending on theselectedoption. The options are described below.Figure 6-21: VPNFigure 6-22: SubnetSubnet. Enter the IP Address and Mask of the local VPN Router in the fields. To allow access tothe entire IPsubnet, enter 0 for the last set of IP Addresses. (e.g. 192.168.1.0).IP Address. Enter the IP Address of the local VPN Router in the fields. The Mask will be displayed.IP Range. Enter the starting and ending numbers for the IP Address range in the fields.Host. The VPN Tunnel will terminate at the router with this setting. Use Port Range Forwarding todirect trafficto the correct computer. Refer to the Port Range Forwarding tab of the Applications and Gamingtab.The Remote Secure Group is the computer (s) on the remote end of the tunnel that canaccess the tunnel.Remote Secure Group defines the endpoint onremote site. It also support ANY remote localstyle.From the drop-down menu, select Subnet, to include the entire network for the tunnel; select IPaddress ifyou want a specific computer; IP Range, if you want to include a range of IP addresses; selectHost, if the VPNwill terminate at the Router, instead of the PC; or Any, to allow any computer to access the tunnel.The screenwill change depending on the selected option. The options are described below.Subnet. Enter the IP Address and Mask of the local VPN Router in the fields. To allow access tothe entire IPsubnet, enter 0 for the last set of IP Addresses. (e.g. 192.168.1.0).IP Address. Enter the IP Address of the local VPN Router in the fields. The Mask will bedisplayed.IP Range. Enter the starting and ending numbers for the IP Address range in the fields.• Remote Security Gateway. Remote Secure Gateway specify theremote gateway location. It can be IP addr, FQDN,or ANY.The Remote Security Gateway is the VPN device, such as a second VPN Router, onthe remote end of the VPN tunnel. Enter the IP Address of the VPN device at the other end of the
tunnel. Theremote VPN device can be another VPN Router, a VPN Server, or a computer with VPN clientsoftware thatsupports IPSec. The IP Address may either be static (permanent) (select IP Addr.) or dynamic(changing)(select FQDN for DDNS,or Any), depending on the settings of the remote VPN device. Make surethat you haveentered the IP Address correctly, or the connection cannot be made. Remember, this is NOT theIP Address ofthe local VPN Router, but the IP Address of the remote VPN Router or device with which you wishtocommunicate. If the IP Address is static, select IP Addr. , if the IP Address is dynamic (changing),select FQDNfor DDNS or Any. If FQDN is selected, enter the DDNS domain name of the remote Router. TheRouter willreceive an IP Address for this domain name.• Encryption. Using Encryption also helps make your connection more secure. There are twodifferent types ofencryption: DES or 3DES (3DES is recommended because it is more secure). You may chooseeither of these,but it must be the same type of encryption that is being used by the VPN device at the other end ofthe tunnel.Or, you may choose not to encrypt by selecting Disable.Figure 6-24: IP RangeFigure 6-23: IP AddressFigure 6-25: HostFigure 6-26: Subnet/Any• Authentication. Authentication acts as another level of security. There are two types ofauthentication: MD5and SHA (SHA is recommended because it is more secure). As with encryption, either of thesemay beselected, provided that the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel is using the same type ofauthentication.Or, both ends of the tunnel may choose to Disable authentication.• Key Management. Key Exchange Method. Select Auto (IKE) or Manual for the Key ExchangeMethod. The twomethods are described below.Auto (IKE)Select Auto (IKE) and enter a series of numbers or letters in the Pre-shared Key field. Check thebox next toPFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) to ensure that the initial key exchange and IKE proposals aresecure. Based onthis word, which MUST be entered at both ends of the tunnel if this method is used, a key isgenerated toscramble (encrypt) the data being transmitted over the tunnel, where it is unscrambled (decrypted).You mayuse any combination of up to 24 numbers or letters in this field. No special characters or spacesare allowed.In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at the end of a timeperiod of yourchoosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be useful, or leave it blank for the keyto lastindefinitely.Manual (See Figure 6-29)If you select Manual, you generate the key yourself, and no key negotiation is needed. Basically,
manual keymanagement is used in small static environments or for troubleshooting purposes. Both sidesmust use thesame Key Management method.Encryption Algorithm: There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryptionmethoddetermines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryptionand 3DES is168-bit encryption. 3DES is recommended because it is more secure, and both sides must use thesameEncryption method.Encryption Key: This field specifies a key used to encrypt and decrypt IP traffic, and the EncryptionKey isgenerated yourself. The hexadecimal value is acceptable in this field. Both sides must use thesameEncryption Key. If DES is selected, the Encryption Key is 16-bit. If users do not fill up to 16-bit, thisfield will befilled up to 16-bit automatically by 0. If 3DES is selected, the Encryption Key is 48-bit. If users donot fill up to48-bit, this field will be filled up to 48-bit automatically by 0.Authentication Algorithm: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. TheAuthentication methoddetermines a method to authenticate the ESP packets. MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm thatproduces a128-bit digest. SHA is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. SHA isrecommendedbecause it is more secure, and both sides must use the same Authentication method.Authentication Key: This field specifies a key used to authenticate IP traffic and the AuthenticationKey isgenerated yourself. The hexadecimal value is acceptable in this field. Both sides must use thesameFigure 6-29: Manual Key ManagementFigure 6-27: Remote Secure Gateway/FQDNFigure 6-28: Remote Secure Gateway/AnyAuthentication key. If MD5 is selected, the Authentication Key is 32-bit. If users do not fill up to32-bit, thisfield will be filled up to 32-bit automatically by 0. If SHA1 is selected, the Authentication Key is 40-bit. If usersdo not fill up to 40-bit, this field will be filled up to 40-bit automatically by 0.Inbound & Outbound SPI (Security Parameter Index): SPI is carried in the ESP (EncapsulatingSecurity PayloadProtocol) header and enables the receiver and sender to select the SA, under which a packetshould beprocessed. The hexadecimal values is acceptable, and the valid range is 100~ffffffff. Each tunnelmust have aunique Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI. No two tunnels share the same SPI. The Incoming SPIhere must matchthe Outgoing SPI value at the other end of the tunnel, and vice versa.• Status. Click the Advanced VPN Tunnel Setup key and the Advanced VPN Tunnel Setupscreen will appear.See Figure 6-30.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. Advanced VPN Tunnel SetupFrom the Advanced VPN Tunnel Setup screen, shown in Figure 6-27, you can adjust the settings
for specific VPNtunnels.Phase 1• Phase 1 is used to create a security association (SA), often called the IKE SA. After Phase 1 iscompleted,Phase 2 is used to create one or more IPSec SAs, which are then used to key IPSec sessions.• Operation Mode. There are two modes: Main and Aggressive, and they exchange the same IKEpayloads indifferent sequences. Main mode is more common; however, some people prefer Aggressive modebecause itis faster. Main mode is for normal usage and includes more authentication requirements thanAggressivemode. Main mode is recommended because it is more secure. No matter which mode is selected,the VPNRouter will accept both Main and Aggressive requests from the remote VPN device.• Encryption. Select the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. There are twochoices: DES and3DES. 3DES is recommended because it is more secure.• Authentication. Select the method used to authenticate ESP packets. There are two choices:MD5 and SHA.SHA is recommended because it is more secure.• Group. There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellmanrefers to acryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption.• Key Life Time. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at theend of a timeperiod of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be used until a re-keynegotiationbetween each endpoint is completedPhase 2• Encryption. The encryption method selected in Phase 1 will be displayed.• Authentication. The authentication method selected in Phase 1 will be displayed.• Group. There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellmanrefers to acryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption.• Key Life Time. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at theend of a timeperiod of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be used until a re-keynegotiationbetween each endpoint is completed.Other Options• Unauthorized IP Blocking. Click Enabled to block unauthorized IP addresses. Enter in theRejects Numberfield to specify how many times IKE must fail before blocking that unauthorized IP address. Enterthe length oftime that you specify (in seconds) in the Block Period field.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. For further help on this tab, click the Helpbutton.The Access Restrictions TabAccess RestrictionThe Access Restrictions tab, shown in Figure 6-31, allows you to block or allow specific kinds of
Internet usage.You can set up Internet access policies for specific PCs and set up filters by using network portnumbers.• Internet Access Policy. Multiple Filters can be saved as Internet Access Policies. When you wishto edit one,select the number of the Policy from the drop-down menu. The tab will change to reflect thesettings of thisPolicy. If you wish to delete this Policy, click the Delete button. To see a summary of all Policies,click theSummary button.The summaries are listed on this screen, shown in Figure 6-32, with their name and settings. Toreturn to theAccess Restrictions tab, click the Close button.• Enter Policy Name. Policies are created from the fields presented here.To create an Internet Access policy:1. Enter a Policy Name in the field provided. Select Internet Access as the Policy Type. Click theEdit Listbutton. This will open the List of PCs screen, shown in Figure 6-33. From this screen, you canenter the IPaddress or MAC address of any PC to which this policy will apply. You can even enter ranges ofPCs by IPaddress. Click the Apply button to save your settings, the Cancel button to undo any changes,and the Closebutton to return to the Filters tab.2. If you wish to deny or allow Internet access for those PCs you listed on the List of PCs screen,click the option.3. You can filter access to various services accessed over the Internet, such as FTP or Telnet, byselecting aservice from the drop-down menus next to Blocked Services. If a service isn’t listed, you can clickthe AddService button to open the Blocked Services screen, shown in Figure 6-34, and add a service tothe list. Youwill need to enter a Service name, as well as the Protocol and Port Range used by the service.4. By selecting the appropriate setting next to Days and Time, choose when Internet access will befiltered.5. Lastly, click the Save Settings button to activate the policy.To create an Inbound Traffic Policy1. Enter a Policy Name in the field provided. Select Inbound Traffic as the Policy Type.Figure 6-31: Access RestrictionFigure 6-32: Internet Filter Summary2. Enter the IP Address from which you want to block. Select the Protocol: TCP, UDP, or Both.Enter the portnumber or select Any. Enter the IP Address to which you want to block.3. Select Deny or Allow as appropriate.4. By selecting the appropriate setting next to Days and Time, choose when the Inbound Trafficwill be filtered.Lastly, click the Save Settings button to activate the policy.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Internet Access can be filtered by URL Address, by entering the address in a Website Blocking byURL Addressfield, or by entering a keyword in one of the Website Blocking by Keyword fields.Figure 6-33: List of PCsFigure 6-34: Blocked Services
The Applications and Gaming TabPort Range ForwardingThe Port Forwarding screen sets up public services on your network, such as web servers, ftpservers, e-mailservers, or other specialized Internet applications. (Specialized Internet applications are anyapplications that useInternet access to perform functions such as videoconferencing or online gaming. Some Internetapplicationsmay not require any forwarding.) (See Figure 6-35.)When users send this type of request to your network via the Internet, the Router will forwardthose requests tothe appropriate PC. Any PC whose port is being forwarded must have its DHCP client functiondisabled and musthave a new static IP address assigned to it because its IP address may change when using theDHCP function.• Application. Enter the name you wish to give each application.• Start and End. Enter the starting and ending numbers of the port you wish to forward.• Protocol. Select the type of protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP, UDP, or Both.• IP Address. Enter the IP Address and Click Enabled.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. Figure 6-35: Port Range ForwardingPort TriggeringPort Triggering is used for special Internet applications whose outgoing ports differ from theincoming ports. Forthis feature, the Router will watch outgoing data for specific port numbers. (See Figure 6-36.) TheRouter willremember the IP address of the computer that sends a transmission requesting data, so that whenthe requesteddata returns through the Router, the data is pulled back to the proper computer by way of IPaddress and portmapping rules.• Application. Enter the name you wish to give each application.• Start Port and End Port. Enter the starting and ending Triggered range numbers and theForwarded Rangenumbers of the port you wish to forward.• Protocol. Select the type of protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP, UDP, or Both.• Click Enabled.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-36: Port TriggeringUPnP ForwardingThe UPnP screen provides options for customization of port services for applications. (See Figure6-37.)Enter the Application in the field. Then, enter the External and Internal Port numbers in the fields.Select the typeof protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP, UDP, or Both. Enter the IP Address in thefield. ClickEnabled to enable UPnP Forwarding for the chosen application.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure 6-37: UPnP ForwardingDMZThe DMZ screen (see Figure 6-38) allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of aspecial-purposeservice such as Internet gaming and videoconferencing, through Software DMZ, or a user can useLAN Port 4 as aDMZ Port, through Hardware DMZ. Whereas Port Range Forwarding can only forward a maximumof 10 ranges ofports, DMZ hosting forwards all the ports for one PC at the same time.• Software DMZ. This feature allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of aspecial-purposeservice such as Internet gaming and videoconferencing. To use this feature, select Enabled. Todisable DMZ,select Disabled.• DMZ Host IP Address. To expose one PC, enter the computer’s IP address. To get the IPaddress of acomputer, refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter.”Deactivate DMZ by entering a 0 in the field.• Hardware DMZ.Public IP : DMZ host can be assigned one public IP addr.which was provided by ISP.Private IP : DMZ host own private IP addr. It's different fromLAN Hosts'.Figure 6-38: DMZFigure 6-39: ManagementThe Administration TabManagementThe Management screen, shown in Figure 6-39, allows you to change the Router’s accesssettings as well asconfigure the SNMP and UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) features.Router PasswordLocal Router Access. To ensure the Router’s security, you will be asked for your password whenyou access theRouter’s Web-based Utility. The default password is admin.• User Name. Enter the default admin.• Router Password. It is recommended that you change the default password to one of yourchoice.• Re-enter to confirm. Re-enter the Router’s new Password to confirm it.Remote Router Access. This feature allows you to access the Router from a remote location, viathe Internet.• Remote Management. This feature allows you to manage the Router from a remote location, viathe Internet.To enable Remote Management, click Enabled.• Mangagement Port. Select the port number you will use to remotely access the Router from thedrop-downmenu.SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a popular network monitoring and managementprotocol. Toenable SNMP, click Enabled. To disable SNMP, click Disabled.• Identification. In the Contact field, enter contact information for the Router. In the Device Namefield, enter thename of the Router. In the Location field, specify the area or location where the Router resides.• Get Community. Enter the password that allows read-only access to the Router’s SNMPinformation.• Set Community. Enter the password that allows read/write access to the Router’s SNMPinformation.• SNMP Trusted Host. You can restrict access to the Router’s SNMP information by IP address.Enter the IPaddress in the SNMP Trusted Host field. If this field is left blank, then access is permitted from anyIP address.Figure 6-40: Log• SNMP Trap-Community. Enter the password required by the remote host computer that willreceive trapmessages or notices sent by the Router.• SNMP Trap-Destination. Enter the IP address of the remote host computer that will receive thetrapmessages.UPnPUPnP allows Windows XP to automatically configure the Router for various Internet applications,such as gamingand videoconferencing. To enable UPnP, click Enabled.• Allow User to make Configuration Changes. When enabled, this feature allows you to makemanual changeswhile still using the UPnP feature.• Allow users to disable Internet access. When enabled, this feature allows you to prohibit any andall Internetconnections.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.LogThe Log tab, shown in Figure 6-40, provides you with a log of all incoming and outgoing URLs orIP addresses foryour Internet connection.Email AlertTo enable E-Mail Alert, click Enabled.• E-Mail Address for General Logs. Enter the E-Mail Address for General Logs in the field.• E-Mail Address for Alert Logs. Enter the E-Mail Address for Alert Logs in the field.• Return E-Mail address. Enter the address for the return E-Mail.• E-Mail Server IP Address. Enter the IP Address of the E-Mail Server in the fields.Syslog NotificationTo enable Syslog, click Enabled.• Device Name. Enter the Device Name in the field.• Syslog Server IP Address. Enter the IP Address of the Syslog Server.• Syslog Priority. Select the priority from the drop-down list.Notification Queue Length• Log queue Length. Enter the number of entries in the log queue in the field.• Log Time Threshold. Enter the time for the threshold in the field.Alert Log
Select the type of attacks that you want to be alerted to. Select Syn Flooding, IP Spoofing, WinNuke, Ping ofDeath, or Unauthorized Login attempt.General Log.Select the type of activity you would like to log. Select System Error Messages, Deny Policies,Allow Policies,Content Filtering, Data Inspection, authorized Login, or Configuration Changes.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.DiagnosticsPing Test (See Figure 6-41.)Ping Test ParametersPing Target IP. Enter the IP Address that you want to ping in the field.No. of Pings. Enter the number of times that you want to ping.Ping Size. Enter the size of the ping packets.Ping Interval. Enter the ping interval in Milliseconds.Ping Timeout. Enter the time in Milliseconds.Click the Start Test button to start the Ping Test. Click the Abort Test button to stop the test. Clickthe ClearResult button to clear the results. The results of the test will display in the window.Figure 6-41: Ping TestFactory Default (See Figure 6-42.)If you have exhausted all other options and wish to restore the Router to its factory default settingsand lose allyour settings, click Yes.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Firmware Upgrade (See Figure 6-43.)To upgrade the Router’s firmware:1. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from theWireless AP VPN Router website andthen extracted.2. Double-click the firmware file you downloaded and extracted. Click the Upgrade button, andfollow theinstructions there.Figure 6-43: Firmware UpgradeFigure 6-42: Factory DefaultRebootWarm reboot this device.Config ManagementSave the Router's system configuration or apply theconfiguration file that you want to load to the router. StatusRouterThis screen displays information about your Router and its WAN (Internet) Connections. (SeeFigure 6-44.)
InformationThe information displayed is the Hardware Version, Software Version, MAC Address, Local MACAddress, andSystem Up Time.WAN ConnectionsThe WAN Connections displayed are the Network Access, WAN IP Address, Subnet Mask,Default Gateway, andDNS.Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen.Figure 6-44: RouterLocal NetworkThe Local Network information that is displayed is the IP Address, Subnet Mask, DHCP Server,and DHCP ClientLease Info. To view the DHCP Clients Table, click the DHCP Clients button. See Figure 6-45.The DHCP Active IP Table, Figure 6-46, displays the computer name, IP Address, MAC Addressand the expirationtime. Click the Close button to return to the Local Network screen.Figure 6-46: DHCP Active IP TableFigure 6-45: Local NetworkAppendix A: TroubleshootingThis appendix consists of two parts: “Common Problems and Solutions” and “Frequently AskedQuestions.”Provided are possible solutions to problems that may occur during the installation and operation ofthe Router.Read the descriptions below to help you solve your problems. If you can’t find an answer here,check the Neo-Meridianwebsite at www.Neo-Meridian.com.Common Problems and Solutions1. I need to set a static IP address on a PC.You can assign a static IP address to a PC by performing the following steps:• For Windows 98 and Me:1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network.2. In The following network components are installed box, select the TCP/IP-> associated withyourEthernet adapter. If you only have one Ethernet adapter installed, you will only see one TCP/IPlinewith no association to an Ethernet adapter. Highlight it and click the Properties button.3. In the TCP/IP properties window, select the IP address tab, and select Specify an IP address.Enter aunique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the Router.Make sure that each IP address is unique for each PC or network device.4. Click the Gateway tab, and in the New Gateway prompt, enter 192.168.1.1, which is the defaultIPaddress of the Router. Click the Add button to accept the entry.5. Click the DNS tab, and make sure the DNS Enabled option is selected. Enter the Host andDomainnames (e.g., John for Host and home for Domain). Enter the DNS entry provided by your ISP. Ifyour ISPhas not provided the DNS IP address, contact your ISP to get that information or go to its website
forthe information.6. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP properties window, and click Close or the OK button for theNetworkwindow.7. Restart the computer when asked.• For Windows 2000:1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.2. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using,andselect the Properties option.3. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlight Internet Protocol(TCP/IP), andclick the Properties button. Select Use the following IP address option.4. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected totheRouter.5. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.6. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).7. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enterthePreferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or goon itswebsite to find the information.8. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, and click the OKbutton in theLocal Area Connection Properties window.9. Restart the computer if asked.• For Windows XP:The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If youare usingthe Classic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), pleasefollow theinstructions for Windows 2000.1. Click Start and Control Panel.2. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the Network Connections icon.3. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you areusing,and select the Properties option.4. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).Clickthe Properties button.5. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected totheRouter.6. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.7. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).8. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enterthePreferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or goon itswebsite to find the information.9. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click the OK button intheLocal Area Connection Properties window.
2. I want to test my Internet connection.A Check your TCP/IP settings.For Windows 98, Me, 2000, and XP:• Refer to “Chapter 4: Configure the PCs” for details. Make sure Obtain IP address automatically isselectedin the settings.For Windows NT 4.0:• Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Network icon.• Click the Protocol tab, and double-click on TCP/IP Protocol.• When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correct Adapter for your Ethernetadapterand set it for Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.• Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, and click the Close button in theNetworkwindow.• Restart the computer if asked.B Open a command prompt.For Windows 98 and Me:• Click Start and Run. In the Open field, type in command. Press the Enter key or click the OKbutton.For Windows NT, 2000, and XP:• Click Start and Run. In the Open field, type cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button. Inthecommand prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key.• If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtain an IP addressautomatically isselected in the TCP/IP settings for your Ethernet adapter.C In the command prompt, type ping followed by your Internet or WAN IP address and press theEnter key.The Internet or WAN IP Address can be found on the Status screen of the Router’s web-basedutility. Forexample, if your Internet or WAN IP address is 1.2.3.4, you would enter ping 1.2.3.4 and press theEnter key.• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different computer to verify that youroriginalcomputer is not the cause of the problem.D In the command prompt, type ping www.yahoo.com and press the Enter key.• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you cannot open a webpage, trythe pingcommand from a different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of theproblem.• If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection. Try the ping commandfrom adifferent computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.3. I am not getting an IP address on the Internet with my Internet connection.• Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that you have connectivity.1. If you need to register the MAC address of your Ethernet adapter with your ISP, please see“AppendixD: Finding the MAC address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.” If you need to clone theMACaddress of your Ethernet adapter onto the Router, see the System section of “Chapter 6: TheRouter’sWeb-based Utility” for details.
2. Make sure you are using the right Internet connection settings. Contact your ISP to see if yourInternetconnection type is DHCP, Static IP Address, or PPPoE (commonly used by DSL consumers).Pleaserefer to the Setup section of “Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility” for details on Internetconnection settings.3. Make sure you have the right cable. Check to see if the Internet column has a solidly lit Link/ActLED.4. Make sure the cable connecting from your cable or DSL modem is connected to the Router’sInternetport. Verify that the Status page of the Router’s web-based utility shows a valid IP address fromyourISP.5. Turn off the computer, Router, and cable/DSL modem. Wait 30 seconds, and then turn on theRouter,cable/DSL modem, and computer. Check the Status tab of the Router’s web-based utility to see ifyouget an IP address.4. I am not able to access the Setup page of the Router’s web-based utility.• Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that your computer isproperlyconnected to the Router.1. Refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP address for Your Ethernet Adapter” toverifythat your computer has an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and DNS.2. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set a static IP address.”3. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window (forPPPoEusers).”5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) working through the Router.Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router,and go to theSecurity tab. Make sure you have IPsec pass-through and/or PPTP pass-through enabled.• VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known as protocol 50)authenticationwill work fine. At least one IPSec session will work through the Router; however, simultaneousIPSecsessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.• VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51) are incompatiblewith theRouter. AH has limitations due to occasional incompatibility with the NAT standard.• Change the IP address for the Router to another subnet to avoid a conflict between the VPN IPaddressand your local IP address. For example, if your VPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (Xis anumber from 1 to 254) and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number usedin theVPN IP address), the Router will have difficulties routing information to the right location. If youchangethe Router’s IP address to 192.168.2.1, that should solve the problem. Change the Router’s IPaddressthrough the Setup tab• of the web interface. If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or network device onthenetwork, you need to change its IP address accordingly to 192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from
1 to254). Note that each IP address must be unique within the network.• Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer that is connecting tothe IPSecserver. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internetapplications” fordetails.• Check the Neo-Meridian website for more information at www.Neo-Meridian.com.6. I need to set up a server behind my Router and make it available to the public.To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respective port numbers theyare using.For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web; port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTPoutgoing) andport 110 (POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more information by viewingthedocumentation provided with the server you installed.• Follow these steps to set up port forwarding through the Router’s web-based utility. We will besetting upweb, ftp, and mail servers.1. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of theRouter.Go to the Applications and Gaming => Port Forwarding tab.2. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.3. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example, if you have a webserver, youwould enter the range 80 to 80.4. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP.5. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the port server to go to. Forexample,if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the fieldprovided. Check “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” fordetails on getting an IP address.6. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider the example below:Customized External Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationWeb server 80 to 80 X X 192.168.1.100 XFTP server 21 to 21 X 192.168.1.101 XSMTP (outgoing)25 to 25 X X 192.168.1.102 XPOP3 (incoming)110 to 110 X X 192.168.1.102 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settingsbutton.7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will work without doing any portforwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases when you want to host an online game or Internetapplication. This would require you to set up the Router to deliver incoming packets or data to aspecificcomputer. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best way to get theinformation onwhat port services to use is to go to the website of the online game or application you want to use.Followthese steps to set up online game hosting or use a certain Internet application:1. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.Go tothe Applications and Gaming => Port Forwarding tab.2. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.3. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example, if you want to host
UnrealTournament (UT), you would enter the range 7777 to 27900.4. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP.5. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the port server to go to. Forexample,if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the fieldprovided. Check “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” fordetails on getting an IP address.6. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider the example below:Customized External Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationUT 7777 to 27900 X X 192.168.1.100 XHalflife 27015 to 27015 X X 192.168.1.105 XPC Anywhere5631 to 5631 X 192.168.1.102 XVPN IPSEC 500 to 500 X 192.168.1.100 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or application to function properly,considerexposing one PC to the Internet using DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is availablewhen anapplication requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services to use. Makesure youdisable all the forwarding entries if you want to successfully use DMZ hosting, since forwardinghas priorityover DMZ hosting. (In other words, data that enters the Router will be checked first by theforwarding settings.If the port number that the data enters from does not have port forwarding, then the Router willsend the datato whichever PC or network device you set for DMZ hosting.)• Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:1. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of theRouter.Go to the Applications and Gaming => DMZ tab.2. Disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding. Keep this information in caseyouwant to use it at a later time.• Once completed with the configuration, click the Save Settings button.9. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when I am saving settingsto theRouter.• Reset the Router to factory default by pressing the Reset button for 10 seconds and thenreleasing it. Ifyou are still getting prompted for a password when saving settings, then perform the followingsteps:1. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of theRouter.Enter the default password admin, and click the Administrations => Management tab.2. Enter a different password in the Router Password field, and enter the same password in thesecondfield to confirm the password.3. Click the Save Settings button.10. I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-upwindow.
If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer. Because the Router is thegateway forthe Internet connection, the computer does not need any proxy settings to gain access. Pleasefollow thesedirections to verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you use is set toconnectdirectly to the LAN.• For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options.2. Click the Connections tab.3. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.4. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.5. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-up pop-ups for PPPoEusers.• For Netscape 4.7 or higher:1. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxies.2. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on this screen.3. Close all the windows to finish.11. To start over, I need to set the Router to factory default.Hold the Reset button for 10 seconds and then release it. This will return the password, forwarding,and othersettings on the Router to the factory default settings. In other words, the Router will revert to itsoriginalfactory configuration.12. I need to upgrade the firmware.In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to the Neo-Meridianwebsite and downloadthe latest firmware at www.Neo-Meridian.com.• Follow these steps:1. Go to the Neo-Meridian website at http://www.Neo-Meridian.com and download the latestfirmware.2. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the System section found in “Chapter 6: TheRouter’sWeb-based Utility.”13. The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Power LED is flashing.The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps to upgrade thefirmware and/ormake the Power LED stop flashing:• If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloaded along with thefirmware). Openthe pdf that was downloaded along with the firmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf’sinstructions.• Set a static IP address on the PC; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a static IP address.” Use thefollowingIP address settings for the computer you are using:IP Address: 192.168.1.50Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Gateway: 192.168.1.1• Perform the upgrade using the TFTP program or the Router’s web-based utility through itsAdministrationtab.14.My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP can disconnect theservice after aperiod of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet.
• There is a setup option to “keep alive” the connection. This may not always work, so you mayneed to reestablishconnection periodically.1. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP addressof theRouter.2. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)3. On the Setup screen, select the option Keep Alive, and set the Redial Period option at 20(seconds).4. Click the Save Settings button.5. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.6. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key to refresh the screen,until yousee the login status display as Connected.• Click the Save Settings button to continue.• If the connection is lost again, follow steps 1- 6 to re-establish connection.15. I can’t access my e-mail, web, or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from the Internet.The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. By default, the MTU isset at 1500.For most DSL users, it is strongly recommended to use MTU 1492.• If you are having some difficulties, perform the following steps:1. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP addressof theRouter.2. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)3. Look for the MTU option, and select Manual. In the Size field, enter 1492.4. Click the Save Settings button to continue.• If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list of values, one value ata time,in this order, until your problem is solved:146214001362130016. The Power LED flashes continuously.The Power LED lights up when the device is first powered up. Meantime, the system will boot upitself andcheck for proper operation. After finishing the checking procedure, the LED remains steady toshow that thesystem is working fine. If the LED continues to flash after this time, the device is not workingproperly. Try toflash the firmware by assigning a static IP address to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware.Try usingthe following settings, IP Address: 192.168.1.50 and Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0.17.When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.• Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your workstation’s IP settings are correct (IPAddress,Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS). Restart the computer that is having a problem.• If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check the Router. Ensure that it isconnected andpowered on. Connect to it and check its settings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the LAN andpowerconnections.)• If the Router is configured correctly, check your Internet connection (DSL/cable modem, etc.) tosee if it is
working correctly. You can remove the Router to verify a direct connection.• Manually configure the TCP/IP settings with a DNS address provided by your ISP.• Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. ForInternetExplorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connection tab. Make sure that InternetExplorer isset to Never dial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced,and Proxy.Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Router will support?The Router will support up to 253 IP addresses.Is IPSec Pass-Through supported by the Router?Yes, it is a built-in feature that the Router automatically enables.Where is the Router installed on the network?In a typical environment, the Router is installed between the cable/DSL modem and the LAN. Plugthe Router intothe cable/DSL modem’s Ethernet port.Does the Router support IPX or AppleTalk?No. TCP/IP is the only protocol standard for the Internet and has become the global standard forcommunications.IPX, a NetWare communications protocol used only to route messages from one node to another,and AppleTalk, acommunications protocol used on Apple and Macintosh networks, can be used for LAN to LANconnections, butthose protocols cannot connect from the Internet to a LAN.Does the Internet connection of the Router support 100Mbps Ethernet?The Router’s current hardware design supports up to 100Mbps Ethernet on its Internet port;however, the Internetconnection speed will vary depending on the speed of your broadband connection. The Routeralso supports100Mbps over the auto-sensing Fast Ethernet 10/100 switch on the LAN side of the Router.What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for?Network Address Translation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to onepublic address thatis sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of security since the address of a PC connected to theprivate LAN isnever transmitted on the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Router to be used with low costInternet accounts,such as DSL or cable modems, when only one TCP/IP address is provided by the ISP. The usermay have manyprivate addresses behind this single address provided by the ISP.Does the Router support any operating system other than Windows 95, Windows 98SE,WindowsMillennium, Windows 2000, or Windows XP?Yes, but Neo-Meridian does not, at this time, provide technical support for setup, configuration ortroubleshooting ofany non-Windows operating systems.Does the Router support ICQ send file?Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu -> preference -> connections tab->, and check I ambehind a firewallor proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall setting. The Internet user canthen send a fileto a user behind the Router.I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What do I need to
do?If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, you need to create a static IP for eachof the LANcomputers and forward ports 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of theserver. You canalso use a port forwarding range of 7777 ~ 27900. If you want to use the UT Server Admin,forward another port.(Port 8080 usually works well but is used for remote admin. You may have to disable this.) Then inthe[UWeb.WebServer] section of the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (to match the mappedport above) andServerName to the IP assigned to the Router from your ISP.Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneously with justone public IPaddress?It depends on which network game or what kind of game server you are using. For example,Unreal Tournamentsupports multi-login with one public IP.How do I get Half-Life: Team Fortress to work with the Router?The default client port for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LAN need to have “+clientport2700x”added to the HL shortcut command line; the x would be 6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiplecomputers connectto the same server. One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with the same CDkey connect atthe same time, even if on the same LAN (not a problem with 1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, theHL server doesnot need to be in the DMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server computer.How can I block corrupted FTP downloads?If you are experiencing corrupted files when you download a file with your FTP client, try usinganother FTPprogram.The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters are beingdisplayed on thescreen. What do I need to do?Force your Ethernet adapter to 10Mbps or half duplex mode, and turn off the “Auto-negotiate”feature of yourEthernet adapter as a temporary measure. (Please look at the Network Control Panel in yourEthernet adapter’sAdvanced Properties tab.) Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser. Check ourwebsite atwww.Neo-Meridian.com for more information.If all else fails in the installation, what can I do?Reset the Router by holding down the reset button until the Power LED fully turns on and off.Reset your cable orDSL modem by powering the unit off and then on. Obtain and flash the latest firmware release thatis readilyavailable on the Neo-Meridian website, www.Neo-Meridian.com.How will I be notified of new Router firmware upgrades?All Neo-Meridian firmware upgrades are posted on the Neo-Meridian website at www.Neo-Meridian.com, where they can bedownloaded for free. To upgrade the Router’s firmware, use the System tab of the Router’s web-based utility. Ifthe Router’s Internet connection is working well, there is no need to download a newer firmwareversion, unless
that version contains new features that you would like to use. Downloading a more current versionof Routerfirmware will not enhance the quality or speed of your Internet connection, and may disrupt yourcurrentconnection stability.Will the Router function in a Macintosh environment?Yes, but the Router’s setup pages are accessible only through Internet Explorer 4.0 or NetscapeNavigator 4.0 orhigher for Macintosh.I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Router. What can I do?You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g., Netscape Navigator orInternetExplorer. Or remove the dial-up settings on your browser. Check with your browser documentation,and makesure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. Make sure thatyour browser isset to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, InternetOptions, andthen the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a connection. ForNetscapeNavigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator isset to Directconnection to the Internet.What is DMZ Hosting?Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Someapplicationsrequire multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer with astatic IP if youwant to use DMZ Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Addressand IP Addressfor Your Ethernet Adapter.”If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user share the public IP with the Router?No.Does the Router pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions?The Router allows PPTP packets to pass through.Is the Router cross-platform compatible?Any platform that supports Ethernet and TCP/IP is compatible with the Router.How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded?Theoretically, the Router can establish 520 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 10ranges ofports.What are the advanced features of the Router?The Router’s advanced features include Advanced Wireless settings, Filters, Port Forwarding,Routing, and DDNS.What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Router?The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec session will work through theRouter;however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of yourVPNs.How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses?Consult your ISP to obtain this information.How do I get mIRC to work with the Router?Under the Port Forwarding tab, set port forwarding to 113 for the PC on which you are usingmIRC.Can the Router act as my DHCP server?Yes. The Router has DHCP server software built-in.
Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network?This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over a network. Consulttheapplication’s documentation to determine if it supports operation over a network.What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?It is one of the IEEE standards for wireless networks. The 802.11g standard allows wirelessnetworking hardwarefrom different manufacturers to communicate, provided that the hardware complies with the802.11g standard.The 802.11g standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps and an operating frequencyof 2.4GHz.What IEEE 802.11b features are supported?The product supports the following IEEE 802.11b functions:• CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol• Multi-Channel Roaming• Automatic Rate Selection• RTS/CTS feature• Fragmentation• Power ManagementWhat is ad-hoc mode?When a wireless network is set to ad-hoc mode, the wireless-equipped computers are configuredtocommunicate directly with each other. The ad-hoc wireless network will not communicate with anywirednetwork.What is infrastructure mode?When a wireless network is set to infrastructure mode, the wireless network is configured tocommunicate with awired network through a wireless access point.What is roaming?Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continuously while movingfreely throughoutan area greater than that covered by a single access point. Before using the roaming function, theworkstationmust make sure that it is the same channel number with the access point of dedicated coveragearea.To achieve true seamless connectivity, the wireless LAN must incorporate a number of differentfunctions. Eachnode and access point, for example, must always acknowledge receipt of each message. Eachnode mustmaintain contact with the wireless network even when not actually transmitting data. Achievingthese functionssimultaneously requires a dynamic RF networking technology that links access points and nodes.In such asystem, the user’s end node undertakes a search for the best possible access to the system. First,it evaluatessuch factors as signal strength and quality, as well as the message load currently being carried byeach accesspoint and the distance of each access point to the wired backbone. Based on that information, thenode nextselects the right access point and registers its address. Communications between end node andhost computercan then be transmitted up and down the backbone.As the user moves on, the end node’s RF transmitter regularly checks the system to determinewhether it is in
touch with the original access point or whether it should seek a new one. When a node no longerreceivesacknowledgment from its original access point, it undertakes a new search. Upon finding a newaccess point, itthen re-registers, and the communication process continues.What is ISM band?The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside bandwidth for unlicensed use inthe ISM(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is beingmade availableworldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenient high-speed wirelesscapabilities inthe hands of users around the globe.What is Spread Spectrum?Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique developed by the militaryfor use inreliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidthefficiency forreliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case ofnarrowbandtransmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect,provided thatthe receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver isnot tuned tothe right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two mainalternatives,Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequencyin a pattern thatis known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain asingle logicalchannel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit patternis called a chip(or chipping code). The longer the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can berecovered. Even ifone or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded inthe radio canrecover the original data without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSSappears as lowpower wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband receivers.Will the information be intercepted while it is being transmitted through the air?WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with Direct SequenceSpread Spectrumtechnology, it has the inherent security feature of scrambling. On the software side, WLAN offersthe encryptionfunction (WEP) to enhance security and access control.What is WEP?WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bit or 128-bit sharedkey algorithm, asdescribed in the IEEE 802.11 standard.What is a MAC Address?The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique number assigned by the manufacturer to
any Ethernetnetworking device, such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardwarelevel. For allpractical purposes, this number is usually permanent. Unlike IP addresses, which can changeevery time acomputer logs onto the network, the MAC address of a device stays the same, making it avaluable identifier forthe network.How do I reset the Router?Press the Reset button on the back panel for about ten seconds. This will reset the Router to itsdefault settings.How do I resolve issues with signal loss?There is no way to know the exact range of your wireless network without testing. Every obstacleplaced betweenthe Router and a wireless PC will create signal loss. Lead glass, metal, concrete floors, water andwalls willinhibit the signal and reduce range. Start with the Router and your wireless PC in the same roomand move itaway in small increments to determine the maximum range in your environment.You may also try using different channels, as this may eliminate interference affecting only onechannel.I have excellent signal strength, but I cannot see my network.WEP is probably enabled on the Router, but not on your wireless adapter (or vice versa). Verifythat the same WEPkeys and levels (64 or 128) are being used on all nodes of your wireless network.How many channels/frequencies are available with the Router?There are eleven available channels, ranging from 1 to 11 (in North America).If your questions are not addressed here, refer to the Neo-Meridian website, www.Neo-Meridian.com.Appendix B: Wireless SecurityA Brief OverviewWhenever data - in the form of files, emails, or messages - is transmitted over your wirelessnetwork, it is open toattacks. Wireless networking is inherently risky because it broadcasts information on radio waves.Just likesignals from your cellular or cordless phone can be intercepted, signals from your wirelessnetwork can also becompromised. What are the risks inherent in wireless networking? Read on.What Are The Risks?Computer network hacking is nothing new. With the advent of wireless networking, hackers usemethods bothold and new to do everything from stealing your bandwidth to stealing your data. There are manyways this isdone, some simple, some complex. As a wireless user, you should be aware of the many waysthey do this.Every time a wireless transmission is broadcast, signals are sent out from your wireless PC orrouter, but notalways directly to its destination. The receiving PC or router can hear the signal because it iswithin that radius.Just as with a cordless phone, cellular phone, or any kind of radio device, anyone else within thatradius, who has
their device set to the same channel or bandwidth can also receive those transmission.Wireless networks are easy to find. Hackers know that, in order to join a wireless network, yourwireless PC willtypically first listen for "beacon messages". These are identifying packets transmitted from thewireless networkto announce its presence to wireless nodes looking to connect. These beacon frames areunencrypted andcontain much of the network's information, such as the network's SSID (Service Set Identifier) andthe IP addressof the network PC or router. The SSID is analogous to the network's name. With this informationbroadcast toanyone within range, hackers are often provided with just the information they need to access thatnetwork.One result of this, seen in many large cities and business districts, is called "Warchalking". This isthe term usedfor hackers looking to access free bandwidth and free Internet access through your wirelessnetwork. The marksthey chalk into the city streets are well documented in the Internet and communicate exactly whereavailablewireless bandwidth is located for the taking.Even keeping your network settings, such as the SSID and the channel, secret won't prevent ahacker fromlistening for those beacon messages and stealing that information. This is why most experts inwirelessnetworking strongly recommend the use of WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy). WEP encryptionscrambles yourwireless signals so they can only be recognized within your wireless network.Figure B-1: WarchalkingBut even WEP has its problems. WEP's encryption algorithm is referred to as "simple", which alsomeans"weak", because the technology that scrambles the wireless signal isn't too hard to crack for apersistent hacker.There are five common ways that hackers can break into your network and steal your bandwidthas well as yourdata. The five attacks are popularly known as:1. Passive Attacks2. Jamming Attacks3. Active Attacks4. Dictionary-building or Table Attacks5. Man-in-the-Middle AttacksPassive AttacksThere's no way to detect a passive attack because the hacker is not breaking into your network.He is simplylistening (eavesdropping, if you will) to the information your network broadcasts. There areapplications easilyavailable on the Internet that can allow a person to listen into your wireless network and theinformation itbroadcasts. Information such as MAC addresses, IP addresses, usernames, passwords, instantmessageconversations, emails, account information, and any data transmitted wirelessly, can easily beseen by someoneoutside of your network because it is often broadcast in clear text. Simply put, any informationtransmitted on awireless network leaves both the network and individual users vulnerable to attack. All a hackerneeds is a
"packet sniffer", software available on the Internet, along with other freeware or shareware hackingutilitiesavailable on the Internet, to acquire your WEP keys and other network information to defeatsecurity.Jamming AttacksJamming Attacks, when a powerful signal is sent directly into your wireless network, caneffectively shut downyour wireless network. This type of attack is not always intentional and can often come aboutsimply due to thetechnology. This is especially possible in the 2.4 GHz frequency, where phones, baby monitors,and microwaveovens can create a great deal of interference and jam transmissions on your wireless network.One way toresolve this is by moving your wireless devices into the 5 GHz frequency, which is dedicated solelyto informationtransmissions.Active AttacksHackers use Active Attacks for three purposes: 1) stealing data, 2) using your network, and 3)modifying yournetwork so it's easier to hack in the next time.In an Active Attack, the hacker has gained access to all of your network settings (SSID, WEP keys,etc.) and is inyour network. Once in your wireless network, the hacker has access to all open resources andtransmitted dataon the network. In addition, if the wireless network's router is connected to a switch, the hacker willalso haveaccess to data in the wired network.Further, spammers can use your Internet connection and your ISP's mail server to send tens ofthousands ofe-mails from your network without your knowledge.Lastly, the hacker could make hacking into your network even easier by changing or removingsafeguards suchas MAC address filters and WEP encryption. He can even steal passwords and user names for thenext time hewants to hack in.Dictionary-Building or Table AttacksDictionary-building, or Table attacks, is a method of gaining network settings (SSID, WEP keys,etc.) by analyzingabout a day's worth of network traffic, mostly in the case of business networks. Over time, thehacker can buildup a table of network data and be able to decrypt all of your wireless transmissions. This type ofattack is moreeffective with networks that transmit more data, such as businesses.Man-in-the-Middle AttacksA hacker doesn't need to log into your network as a user - he can appear as one of the network'sown routers,setting himself up as the man-in-the-middle. To do this, the hacker simply needs to rig an routerwith yournetwork's settings and send out a stronger signal that your router. In this way, some of yournetwork's PCs mayassociate with this rogue router, not knowing the difference, and may begin sending data throughit and to thishacker.The trade-off for the convenience and flexibility wireless networking provides is the possibility of
being hackedinto through one of the methods described here. With wireless networks, even with WEPencryption, open to thepersistent hacker, how can you protect your data? The following section will tell you how to do justthat.Maximizing Wireless SecuritySecurity experts will all tell you the same thing: Nothing is guaranteed. No technology is secure byitself. Anunfortunate axiom is that building the better mousetrap can often create a better mouse. This iswhy, in theexamples below, your implementation and administration of network security measures is the keyto maximizingwireless security.No preventative measure will guarantee network security but it will make it more difficult forsomeone to hackinto your network. Often, hackers are looking for an easy target. Making your network lessattractive to hackers,by making it harder for them to get in, will make them look elsewhere.How do you do this? Before discussing WEP, let's look at a few security measures oftenoverlooked.1)Network ContentNow that you know the risks assumed when networking wirelessly, you should view wirelessnetworks as youwould the Internet. Don't host any systems or provide access to data on a wireless network thatyou wouldn't puton the Internet.2)Network LayoutWhen you first lay out your network, keep in mind where your wireless PCs are going to be locatedand try toposition your router towards the center of that network radius. Remember that access pointstransmitindiscriminately in a radius; placing an access point at the edge of the physical network areareduces networkperformance and leaves an opening for any hacker smart enough to discover where the router istransmitting.This is an invitation for a man-in-the-middle attack, as described in the previous section. Toperform this type ofattack, the hacker has to be physically close to your network. So, monitoring both your networkand your propertyis important. Furthermore, if you are suspicious of unauthorized network traffic, most wirelessproducts comewith a log function, with which you can view activity on your network and verify if any unauthorizedusers havehad access.3)Network DevicesWith every wireless networking device you use, keep in mind that network settings (SSID, WEPkeys, etc.) arestored in its firmware. If they get into the hands of a hacker, so do all of your settings. So keep aneye on them.4)Administrator passwordsYour network administrator is the only person who can change network settings. If a hacker gets ahold of theadministrator's password, he, too, can change those settings. So, make it harder for a hacker toget thatinformation. Change the administrator's password regularly.
5)SSIDThere are a few things you can do to make your SSID more secure:a.Disable Broadcastb.Make it uniquec.Change it oftenMost wireless networking devices will give you the option of broadcasting the SSID. This is aoption forconvenience, allowing anyone to log into your wireless network. In this case, however, anyoneincludes hackers.So don't broadcast the SSID.A default SSID is set on your wireless devices by the factory. (The Neo-Meridian default SSID is"Neo-Meridian".) Hackersknow these defaults and can check these against your network. Change your SSID to somethingunique and notsomething related to your company or the networking products you use.Changing your SSID regularly will force any hacker attempting to gain access to your wirelessnetwork to startlooking for that new SSID.With these three steps in mind, please remember that while SSIDs are good for segmentingnetworks, they fallshort with regards to security. Hackers can usually find them quite easily.6)MAC addressesEnable MAC address filtering if your wireless products allow it. MAC address filtering will allow youto provideaccess to only those wireless nodes with certain MAC addresses. This makes it harder for ahacker using arandom MAC address or spoofing (faking) a MAC address.7) FirewallsYou can use the same firewall technology to protect your wired network from hackers coming inthrough yourwireless network as you did for the Internet. The firewall will protect your network from anytransmissionsentering via your wireless network.8)WEPWired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is often looked upon as a panacea for wireless security concerns.This isoverstating WEP's ability. Again, this can only provide enough security to make a hacker's jobmore difficult.WEP encryption implementation was not put in place with the 802.11 standard. This means thatthere are aboutas many methods of WEP encryption as there are providers of wireless networking products. Inaddition, WEP isnot completely secure. One piece of information still not encrypted is the MAC address, whichhackers can use tobreak into a network by spoofing (or faking) the MAC address.Programs exist on the Internet that are designed to defeat WEP. The best known of these isAirSnort. In about aday, AirSnort can analyze enough of the wireless transmissions to crack the WEP key. Just like adictionarybuildingattack, the best prevention for these types of programs is by not using static settings, periodicallychanging WEP keys, SSID, etc.There are several ways that WEP can be maximized:a) Use the highest level of encryption possibleb) Use multiple WEP keysc) Change your WEP key regularly
Current encryption technology offers 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption. If you are using 64-bitWEP, swap outyour old wireless units for 128-bit encryption right away. Where encryption is concerned, thebigger and morecomplex, the better. A WEP key is a string of hexadecimal characters that your wireless networkuses in twoways. First, nodes in your wireless network are identified with a common WEP key. Second, theseWEP keysencrypt and decrypt data sent over your wireless network. So, a higher level of security ensuresthat hackers willhave a harder time breaking into your network.Setting one, static WEP key on your wireless network leaves your network open the threats evenas you think it isprotecting you. While it is true that using a WEP key increases wireless security, you can increaseit further byusing multiple WEP keys.Keep in mind that WEP keys are stored in the firmware of wireless cards and access points andcan be used tohack into the network if a card or access point falls into the wrong hands. Also, should someonehack into yournetwork, there would be nothing preventing someone access to the entire network, using just onestatic key.The solution, then, is to segment your network up into multiple groups. If your network had 80users and youused four WEP keys, a hacker would have access to only ¼ of your wireless network resources. Inthis way,multiple keys reduce your liability.Finally, be sure to change your WEP key regularly, once a week or once a day. Using a "dynamic"WEP key, ratherthan one that is static, makes it even harder for a hacker to break into your network and steal yourresources.2.4GHz/802.11b and 802.11g WEP EncryptionWEP encryption for the is configured through the Web-Utility's Wireless tab.Enable WEP from this tab and click the Edit WEP Settings button, which will open the WEPscreen, shown inFigure B-3.From this screen, you can select the type of WEP encryption to use as well as set the WEP Key forthat encryption.Select which WEP key (1-4) will be used when the Router sends data, then select that number asthe DefaultTransmit Key. Make sure the receiving device is using the same key.Select the level of WEP encryption you wish to use, 64-bit 10 hex digits or 128-bit 26 hex digits.Higher encryptionlevels offer higher levels of security, but due to the complexity of the encryption, they maydecrease networkperformance.If you wish to use a WEP Passphrase, it can be a maximum of 16 alphanumeric characters. Thispassphrase maynot work with non-Neo-Meridian products due to possible incompatibility with other vendors'passphrase generators.The WEP Key can be generated using your Passphrase or you can enter it manually.If you wish to enter the WEP Key manually, type the key into the appropriate Key field on the left.The WEP keymust consist of the letters "A" through "F" and the numbers "0" through "9" and should be 10characters in
length for 64-bit encryption or 26 characters in length for 128-bit encryption. All points in yourwireless networkmust use the same WEP key to utilize WEP encryption.Once the Passphrase is entered, click the Generate key to generate a WEP key.When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save thesechanges, or clickthe Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.Figure B-2: WEPImportant: Always remember that eachpoint in your wireless network MUST use thesame WEP Encryption method and encryptionkey or your wireless network will not functionproperly.Appendix C: Configuring IPSecbetween a Windows 2000or XP Computer and theGatewayIntroductionThis document demonstrates how to establish a secure IPSec tunnel using preshared keys to joina privatenetwork inside the Gateway and a Windows 2000 or XP computer. You can find detailedinformation onconfiguring the Windows 2000 server at the Microsoft website:Microsoft KB Q252735 - How to Configure IPSec Tunneling in Windows 2000http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q252/7/35.aspMicrosoft KB Q257225 - Basic IPSec Troubleshooting in Windows 2000http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q257/2/25.aspEnvironmentThe IP addresses and other specifics mentioned in this appendix are for illustration purposes only.Windows 2000 or Windows XPIP Address: 140.111.1.2 <= User ISP provides IP Address; this is only an example.Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0WAG54GWAN IP Address: 140.111.1.1 <= User ISP provides IP Address; this is only an example.Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0LAN IP Address: 192.168.1.1Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0NOTE: Keep a record of any changes you make.Those changes will be identical in the Windows“secpol” application and the Router’s Web-BasedUtility.NOTE: This section’s instructions and figuresrefer to the Router. Substitute “Gateway” for“Router”. Also, the text on your screen may differfrom the text in your instructions for “OK orClose”; click the appropriate button on your
screen.How to Establish a Secure IPSec TunnelStep 1: Create an IPSec Policy1. Click the Start button, select Run, and type secpol.msc in the Open field. The Local SecuritySetting screenwill appear as shown in Figure B-1.2. Right-click IP Security Policies on Local Computer (Win XP) or IP Security Policies onLocal Machine(Win 2000), and click Create IP Security Policy.3. Click the Next button, and then enter a name for your policy (for example, to_Router). Then,click Next.4. Deselect the Activate the default response rule check box, and then click the Next button.5. Click the Finish button, making sure the Edit check box is checked.Step 2: Build Filter ListsFilter List 1: win->Router1. In the new policy’s properties screen, verify that the Rules tab is selected, as shown in FigureB-2. Deselectthe Use Add Wizard check box, and click the Add button to create a new rule.2. Make sure the IP Filter List tab is selected, and click the Add button. (See Figure B-3.)The IPFilter Listscreen should appear, as shown in Figure B-4. Enter an appropriate name, such as win->Router,for the filterlist, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button.NOTE: The references in this section to “win” arereferences to Windows 2000 and XP. Substitutethe references to “Router” with “Gateway”. Also,the text on your screen may differ from the text inyour instructions for “OK or Close”; click theappropriate button on your screen.Figure C-1: Local Security ScreenFigure C-2: Rules TabFigure C-3: IP Filter List Tab3. The Filters Properties screen will appear, as shown in Figure B-5. Select the Addressing tab. Inthe Sourceaddress field, select My IP Address. In the Destination address field, select A specific IP Subnet,and fill inthe IP Address: 192.168.1.0 and Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0. (These are the Router’s defaultsettings. If youhave changed these settings, enter your new values.)4. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter thedescription there.5. Click the OK button. Then, click the OK or Close button on the IP Filter List window.Filter List 2: Router ->win6. The New Rule Properties screen will appear, as shown in Figure B-6. Select the IP Filter Listtab, and makesure that win -> Router is highlighted. Then, click the Add button.Figure C-4: IP Filter LIstFigure C-5: Filters PropertiesFigure C-6: New Rule Properties7. The IP Filter List screen should appear, as shown in Figure B-7. Enter an appropriate name,such as Router->win for the filter list, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check box. Click the Add button.
8. The Filters Properties screen will appear, as shown in Figure B-8. Select the Addressing tab. Inthe Sourceaddress field, select A specific IP Subnet, and enter the IP Address: 192.168.1.0 and Subnetmask:255.255.255.0. (Enter your new values if you have changed the default settings.) In theDestination addressfield, select My IP Address.9. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter thedescription there.10. Click the OK or Close button and the New Rule Properties screen should appear with the IPFiler List tabselected, as shown in Figure B-9. There should now be a listing for “Router -> win” and “win ->Router”.Click the OK (for WinXP) or Close (for Win2000) button on the IP Filter List window.Figure C-7: IP Filter ListFigure C-8: Filters PropertiesFigure C-9: New Rule PropertiesStep 3: Configure Individual Tunnel RulesTunnel 1: win->Router1. From the IP Filter List tab, shown in Figure B-10, click the filter list win->Router.2. Click the Filter Action tab (as in Figure B-11), and click the filter action Require Security radiobutton. Then,click the Edit button.3. From the Security Methods tab, shown in Figure B-12, verify that the Negotiate security optionis enabled,and deselect the Accept unsecured communication, but always respond using IPSec checkbox. SelectSession key Perfect Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button.Figure C-12: Security Methods TabFigure C-10: IP Filter List TabFigure C-11: Filter Acton Tab4. Select the Authentication Methods tab, shown in Figure B-13, and click the Edit button.5. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange(preshared key), asshown in Figure B-14, and enter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345. Click the OKbutton.6. This new Preshared key will be displayed in Figure B-15. Click the Apply button to continue, if itappears onyour screen, otherwise proceed to the next step.Figure C-13: Authentication MethodsFigure C-14: Preshared KeyFigure C-15: New Preshared Key7. Select the Tunnel Setting tab, shown in Figure B-16, and click The tunnel endpoint isspecified by this IPAddress radio button. Then, enter the Router’s WAN IP Address.8. Select the Connection Type tab, as shown in Figure B-17, and click All network connections.Then, clickthe OK or Close button to finish this rule.Tunnel 2: Router->win9. In the new policy’s properties screen, shown in Figure B-18, make sure that “win -> Router” isselected anddeselect the Use Add Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button to create the second IP filter.Figure C-16: Tunnel Setting Tab
Figure C-17: Connection Type TabFigure C-18: Properties Screen10. Go to the IP Filter List tab, and click the filter list Router->win, as shown in Figure B-19.11. Click the Filter Action tab, and select the filter action Require Security, as shown in FigureB-20. Then, clickthe Edit button. From the Security Methods tab, shown previously in Figure B-12, verify that theNegotiatesecurity option is enabled, and deselect the Accept unsecured communication, but alwaysrespondusing IPSec check box. Select Session key Perfect Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button.12. Click the Authentication Methods tab, and verify that the authentication method Kerberos isselected, asshown in Figure B-21. Then, click the Edit button.Figure C-19: IP Filter List TabFigure C-20: Filter Action TabFigure C-21: Authentication Methods Tab13. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange(preshared key), andenter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345, as shown in Figure B-22. (This is a sample keystring.Yours should be a key that is unique but easy to remember.) Then click the OK button.14. This new Preshared key will be displayed in Figure B-23. Click the Apply button to continue, ifit appears onyour screen, otherwise proceed to the next step.15. Click the Tunnel Setting tab, shown in Figure B-24, click the radio button for The tunnelendpoint isspecified by this IP Address, and enter the Windows 2000/XP computer’s IP Address.Figure C-22: Preshared KeyFigure C-23: New Preshared KeyFigure C-24: Tunnel Setting Tab16. Click the Connection Type tab, shown in Figure B-25, and select All network connections.Then click theOK or Close button to finish.17. From the Rules tab, shown in Figure B-26, click the OK or Close button to return to the secpolscreen.Step 4: Assign New IPSec PolicyIn the IP Security Policies on Local Computer window, shown in Figure B-27, right-click the policynamedto_Router, and click Assign. A green arrow appears in the folder icon.Figure C-25: Connection TypeFigure C-26: RulesFigure C-27: Local ComputerStep 5: Create a Tunnel Through the Web-Based Utility1. Open your web browser, and enter 192.168.1.1 in the Address field. Press the Enter key.2. When the User name and Password field appears, enter the default user name and passwordadmin. Pressthe Enter key.3. From the Setup tab, click the VPN tab.4. From the VPN tab, shown in Figure B-28, select the tunnel you wish to create in the SelectTunnel Entry dropdownbox. Then click Enabled. Enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field. This is to allowyou toidentify multiple tunnels and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel.
5. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the local VPN Router in the Local Secure Group fields.To allowaccess to the entire IP subnet, enter 0 for the last set of IP Addresses. (e.g. 192.168.1.0).6. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel (theremote VPN Routeror device with which you wish to communicate) in the Remote Security Router fields.7. Select fromtwo different types of encryption: DES or 3DES (3DES is recommended because itis more secure).You may choose either of these, but it must be the same type of encryption that is being used bythe VPNdevice at the other end of the tunnel. Or, you may choose not to encrypt by selecting Disable.8. Select from two types of authentication: MD5 and SHA (SHA is recommended because it ismore secure). Aswith encryption, either of these may be selected, provided that the VPN device at the other end ofthe tunnelis using the same type of authentication. Or, both ends of the tunnel may choose to Disableauthentication.9. Select the Key Management. Select Auto (IKE) and enter a series of numbers or letters in thePre-shared Keyfield. Check the box next to PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) to ensure that the initial key exchangeand IKEproposals are secure. You may use any combination of up to 24 numbers or letters in this field. Nospecialcharacters or spaces are allowed. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have thekey expire atthe end of a time period of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to beuseful, orleave it blank for the key to last indefinitely.10. Click the Save Settings button to save these changes.Your tunnel should now be established.Figure C-28: VPN TabAppendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address forYour Ethernet AdapterThis section describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethernet adapter so youcan use the MACfiltering and/or MAC address cloning feature of the Router. You can also find the IP address ofyour computer’sEthernet adapter. This IP address is used for the Router’s filtering, forwarding, and/or DMZfeatures. Follow thesteps in this appendix to find the adapter’s MAC or IP address in Windows 98, Me, 2000, or XP.Windows 98 or Me Instructions1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg. Then press the Enter key or the OKbutton.2. When the IP Configuration screen appears, select the Ethernet adapter you have connected tothe Router via aCAT 5 Ethernet network cable. See Figure E-1.3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen (see Figure E-2). This isthe MAC address
for your Ethernet adapter and is shown as a series of numbers and letters.The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC address cloning or MAC filtering.The example in Figure E-3 shows the Ethernet adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Yourcomputer mayshow something different.Figure D-2: MAC Address/AdapterAddressFigure D-1: IP Configuration ScreenNote: The MAC address is also called the Adapter Address.Windows 2000 or XP Instructions1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.2. At the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen (Figure E-3); it is the MACaddress foryour Ethernet adapter. This appears as a series of numbers and letters.The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC address cloning or MAC filtering.The example in Figure E-3 shows the Ethernet adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Yourcomputer mayshow something different.Figure D-3: MAC Address/Physical AddressNote: The MAC address is also called the Physical Address.Appendix E: SNMP FunctionsSNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely-used network monitoring and controlprotocol. Data ispassed from a SNMP agent, such as the VPN Router, to the workstation console used to overseethe network. TheRouter then returns information contained in a MIB (Management Information Base), which is adata structurethat defines what is obtainable from the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).SNMP functions, such as statistics, configuration, and device information, are not available withoutthird-partyManagement Software. The Router is compatible with all HP Openview compliant software.Appendix F: UpgradingFirmwareThe Router's firmware is upgraded through the Web-Utility's Firmware Upgrade tab from theAdministration tab.Follow these instructions:1. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the Neo-Meridian website andthen extracted.2. Double-click the firmware file you downloaded and extracted. Click the Upgrade button, andfollow theinstructions there.Figure F-1: Upgrade Firmware
Appendix G: Windows HelpAll wireless products require Microsoft Windows. Windows is the most used operating system inthe world andcomes with many features that help make networking easier. These features can be accessedthrough WindowsHelp and are described in this appendix.TCP/IPBefore a computer can communicate with the Access Point, TCP/IP must be enabled. TCP/IP is aset ofinstructions, or protocol, all PCs follow to communicate over a network. This is true for wirelessnetworks as well.Your PCs will not be able to utilize wireless networking without having TCP/IP enabled. WindowsHelp providescomplete instructions on enabling TCP/IP.Shared ResourcesIf you wish to share printers, folder, or files over your network, Windows Help provides completeinstructions onutilizing shared resources.Network Neighborhood/My Network PlacesOther PCs on your network will appear under Network Neighborhood or My Network Places(depending upon theversion of Windows you're running). Windows Help provides complete instructions on adding PCsto yournetwork.Appendix H: Glossary802.11a - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of54Mbps and anoperating frequency of 5GHz.802.11b - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of11Mbps and anoperating frequency of 2.4GHz.802.11g - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of54Mbps, anoperating frequency of 2.4GHz, and backward compatibility with 802.11b devices.Access Point - A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices tocommunicate with awired network. Also used to expand the range of a wireless network.Adapter - A device that adds network functionality to your PC.Ad-hoc - A group of wireless devices communicating directly with each other (peer-to-peer)without the use ofan access point.AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) - A method that uses up to 256-bit key encryption to securedata.Backbone - The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together, andhandles themost data.Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given device or network.Beacon Interval - Data transmitted on your wireless network that keeps the networksynchronized.Bit - A binary digit.
Boot - To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.Bridge - A device that connects different networks.Broadband - An always-on, fast Internet connection.Browser - An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all theinformation on theWorld Wide Web.Buffer - A shared or assigned memory area that is used to support and coordinate differentcomputing andnetworking activities so one isn't held up by the other.Byte - A unit of data that is usually eight bits longCable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turnconnects to theInternet.CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) - A method of data transfer that isused to preventdata collisions.CTS (Clear To Send) - A signal sent by a wireless device, signifying that it is ready to receive data.Daisy Chain - A method used to connect devices in a series, one after the other.Database - A collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed,managed, andupdated.DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mailserver with afixed domain name (e.g., www.xyz.com) and a dynamic IP address.Default Gateway - A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators toassigntemporary IP addresses to network computers by "leasing" an IP address to a user for a limitedamount of time,instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it tobe "seen" fromthe Internet.DNS (Domain Name Server) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names ofwebsites into IPaddresses.Domain - A specific name for a network of computers.Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network.DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum) - Frequency transmission with a redundant bit patternresulting in alower probability of information being lost in transit.DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) - A message included in data packets that canincrease wirelessefficiency.Dynamic IP Address - A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) - A general authentication protocol used to controlnetwork access.Many specific authentication methods work within this framework.EAP-PEAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol) - Amutualauthentication method that uses a combination of digital certificates and another system, such aspasswords.EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security) - A mutual authenticationmethod thatuses digital certificates.
Encryption - Encoding data transmitted in a network.Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved froma commontransmission medium.Finger - A program that tells you the name associated with an e-mail address.Firewall - A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects theresources of anetwork from users from other networks.Firmware - The programming code that runs a networking device.Fragmentation -Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network mediumthat cannotsupport the original size of the packet.FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.Full Duplex - The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.Gateway - A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communicationsprotocols.Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only onedirection at atime.Hardware - The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other informationtechnology devices.HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to serverson the WorldWide Web.IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - An independent institute thatdevelops networkingstandards.Infrastructure - A wireless network that is bridged to a wired network via an access point.IP (Internet Protocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.IP Address - The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.IPCONFIG - A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particularnetworking device.IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange ofpackets at the IP layer.ISM band - Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.ISP (Internet Service Provider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.LAN - The computers and networking products that make up your local network.LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) - A mutual authentication method thatuses a usernameand password system.MAC (Media Access Control) Address - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to eachnetworkingdevice.Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for datatransmission.mIRC - An Internet Relay Chat program that runs under Windows.Multicasting - Sending data to a group of destinations at once.NAT (Network Address Translation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local areanetwork to a differentIP address for the Internet.Network - A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage,and/ortransmission between users.NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - The protocol used to connect to Usenet groups on theInternet.
Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - Frequency transmission that separates thedata streaminto a number of lower-speed data streams, which are then transmitted in parallel to preventinformation frombeing lost in transit.Packet - A unit of data sent over a network.Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption processby automaticallygenerating the WEP encryption keys for Neo-Meridian products.Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IPaddress is online.POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.Port - The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables oradapters.Power over Ethernet (PoE) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both dataand power.PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - A type of broadband connection that providesauthentication(username and password) in addition to data transport.PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol(PPP) to betunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection inEurope.Preamble - Part of the wireless signal that synchronizes network traffic.RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) - A protocol that uses an authenticationserver to controlnetwork access.RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.Roaming - The ability to take a wireless device from one access point's range to another withoutlosing theconnection.Router - A networking device that connects multiple networks together.RTS (Request To Send) - A networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTSThreshold setting.Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing,communications,and other services.SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used network monitoring and controlprotocol.Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task iscalled a"program".SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or insmall offices.SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) Firewall - A technology that inspects every incoming packet ofinformationbefore allowing it to enter the network.Spread Spectrum - Wideband radio frequency technique used for more reliable and secure datatransmission.SSID (Service Set IDentifier) - Your wireless network's name.Static IP Address - A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to anetwork.
Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.Subnet Mask - An address code that determines the size of the network.Switch - 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a largenumber ofdevices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing theconnections in anelectrical circuit.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requiresacknowledgementfrom the recipient of data sent.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - A set of instructions PCs use tocommunicate over anetwork.Telnet - A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directoryor passwordcapability.Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given timeperiod.TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) - a wireless encryption protocol that provides dynamicencryption keys foreach packet transmitted.Topology - The physical layout of a network.TX Rate - Transmission Rate.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that does not requireacknowledgementfrom the recipient of the data that is sent.Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.Upload - To transmit a file over a network.URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one network andgoes to anotherover the Internet.WAN (Wide Area Network)- The Internet.WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A method of encrypting network data transmitted on a wirelessnetwork forgreater security.WINIPCFG - A Windows 98 and Me utility that displays the IP address for a particular networkingdevice.WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - A group of computers and associated devices thatcommunicate witheach other wirelessly.WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) - a wireless security protocol using TKIP (Temporal Key IntegrityProtocol)encryption, which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.Appendix I: SpecificationsStandards IEEE 802.3, 802.11b and 802.11gPorts One Internet, Ethernet (1-4), PowerButtons One Reset Button, One Power SwitchCabling Type UTP CAT 5 or betterData Rate Up to 54MbpsTransmit Power 19dBm
LEDs Power, Internet, Ethernet (1, 2, 3, 4), Wireless-G, DMZSecurity Features WEP, 802.1x AuthenticationWEP Key Bits 64, 128Dimensions 7.32" x 6.89" x 1.89"(W x H x D) (186 mm x 175 mm x 48 mm)Unit Weight 1.26 lb (0.57 kg)Power External, 5V DC, 2.5ACertifications FCC, IC-03Operating Temp. 0ºC to 40ºC (32ºF to 104ºF)Storage Temp. -20ºC to 70ºC (-4ºF to 158ºF)Operating Humidity 10% to 85% Non-CondensingStorage Humidity 5% to 90% Non-CondensingAppendix J: WarrantyInformationLIMITED WARRANTYNeo-Meridian warrants to the original end user purchaser ("You") that, for a period of three years,(the "WarrantyPeriod") Your Neo-Meridian product will be free of defects in materials and workmanship undernormal use. Yourexclusive remedy and Neo-Meridian's entire liability under this warranty will be for Neo-Meridian atits option to repair orreplace the product or refund Your purchase price less any rebates.If the product proves defective during the Warranty Period call Neo-Meridian Technical Support inorder to obtain aReturn Authorization Number. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HANDWHEN CALLING. Whenreturning a product, mark the Return Authorization Number clearly on the outside of the packageand include acopy of your original proof of purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSEDWITHOUT PROOF OFPURCHASE. You are responsible for shipping defective products to Neo-Meridian. Neo-Meridianpays for UPS Groundshipping from Neo-Meridian back to You only. Customers located outside of the United States ofAmerica and Canadaare responsible for all shipping and handling charges.ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSEARE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE WARRANTY PERIOD. ALL OTHER EXPRESS ORIMPLIED CONDITIONS,REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, AREDISCLAIMED. Some jurisdictions do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts,so the abovelimitation may not apply to You. This warranty gives You specific legal rights, and You may alsohave other rightswhich vary by jurisdiction.TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL NEO-MERIDIAN BE LIABLEFOR ANY LOST DATA, REVENUEOR PROFIT, OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE
DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSEDREGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USEOF OR INABILITY TO USETHE PRODUCT, EVEN IF NEO-MERIDIAN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILLNEO-MERIDIAN' LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT.The foregoing limitations will apply even if any warranty or remedy provided under this Sectionfails of itsessential purpose. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental orconsequentialdamages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to You.Please direct all inquiries to: Neo-Meridian, P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623 USA.
Appendix K: RegulatoryInformationFederal Communication Commission Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class Bdigital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed toprovide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residentialinstallation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequencyenergy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, maycause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is noguarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If thisequipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, whichcan be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged totry to correct the interference by one of the following measures:- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which thereceiver is connected.- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example - use only shieldedinterface cables when connecting to computer or peripheral devices) any changesor modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliancecould void the user's authority to operate this equipment.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference thatmay cause undesired operation.IMPORTANT NOTE:FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for anuncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated withminimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any otherantenna or transmitter.
INDUSTRY CANADA (CANADA)This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.The use of this device in a system operating either partially or completely outdoors may require theuser to obtaina license for the system according to the Canadian regulations.EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EUROPE)Neo-Meridian Group declares that the Instant Wireless™ Series products included in the InstantWireless™ Seriesconform to the specifications listed below, following the provisions of the EMC Directive89/336/EEC and LowVoltage Directive 73/23/EEC:ETS 300-826, 301 489-1 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment.EN 609 50 SafetyETS 300-328-2 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.Note: This equipment is intended to be used in all EU and EFTA countries. Outdoor use may berestricted tocertain frequencies and/or may require a license for operation. For more details, contact Neo-Meridian CorporateCompliance.Note: Combinations of power levels and antennas resulting in a radiated power level of above 100mW areconsidered as not compliant with the above mentioned directive and are not allowed for use withinthe Europeancommunity and countries that have adopted the European R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC and/or theCEPTrecommendation Rec 70.03. For more details on legal combinations of power levels and antennas,contactNeo-Meridian Corporate Compliance.Neo-Meridian Group™ vakuuttaa täten että Instant Wireless IEEE 802.11 PC Card tyyppinen laiteon direktiivin 1999/5/EY, direktiivin 89/336/EEC ja direktiivin 73/23/EEC oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskeviennäiden direktiivienmuiden ehtojen mukainen.Neo-Meridian Group™ déclare que la carte PC Instant Wireless IEEE 802.11 est conforme auxconditions essentielles etaux dispositions relatives à la directive 1999/5/EC, la directive 89/336/EEC, et à la directive73/23/EEC.Belgique B L'utilisation en extérieur est autorisé sur le canal 11 (2462 MHz), 12 (2467 MHz), et 13(2472 MHz).Dans le cas d'une utilisation privée, à l'extérieur d'un bâtiment, au-dessus d'un espace public,aucunenregistrement n'est nécessaire pour une distance de moins de 300m. Pour une distancesupérieure à 300m unenregistrement auprès de l'IBPT est requise. Pour une utilisation publique à l'extérieur debâtiments, une licencede l'IBPT est requise. Pour les enregistrements et licences, veuillez contacter l'IBPT.France F: Bande de fréquence restreinte: seuls les canaux 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462, 2467, et2472 MHzrespectivement) doivent être utilisés en France.Toute utilisation, qu'elle soit intérieure ou extérieure, est soumise à autorisation. Vous pouvezcontacter l'Autoritéde Régulation des Télécommuniations(<http://www.art-telecom.fr>) pour la procédure à suivre.France F: Restricted frequency band: only channels 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462, 2467, and 2472
MHz respectively)may be used in France. License required for every indoor and outdoor installations. Please contactART forprocedure to follow.Deutschland D: Anmeldung im Outdoor-Bereich notwending, aber nicht genehmigungspflichtig.Bitte mit Händlerdie Vorgehensweise abstimmen.Germany D: License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller for procedure to followItalia I: E' necessaria la concessione ministeriale anche per l'uso interno. Verificare con i rivenditorila procedurada seguire. L'uso per installazione in esterni non e' permessa.Italy I: License required for indoor use. Use with outdoor installations not allowed.the Netherlands NL License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller for procedure tofollow.Nederlands NL Licentie verplicht voor gebruik met buitenantennes. Neem contact op met verkopervoor juisteprocedure.Appendix L: Contact InformationNeed to contact Neo-Meridian?Visit us online for information on the latest products and updatesto your existing products at: http://www.Neo-Meridian.com orftp.Neo-Meridian.comCan't find information about a product you want to buyon the web? Do you want to know more about networkingwith Neo-Meridian products? Give our advice line a call at: 800-546-5797 (NEO-MERIDIAN)Or fax your request in to: 949-261-8868If you experience problems with any Neo-Meridian product,you can call us at: 800-326-7114Don't wish to call? You can e-mail us at: support@Neo-Meridian.comIf any Neo-Meridian product proves defective during its warranty period,you can call the Neo-Meridian Return Merchandise Authorizationdepartment for obtaining a Return Authorization Number at: 949-261-1288(Details on Warranty and RMA issues can be found in the WarrantyInformation section in this Guide.)

Navigation menu