Mercury Networks QUANTUM6636 6X6 MIMO WiMAX Base Station User Manual Product Manual

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1 STATEMENTS
1.1
GENERAL NOTICE
It is hoped that this document will be useful in understanding and using the PureWave System.
Please note that the information provided herein is subject to change without notice.
Always refer to the current set of Release Notes for the most up to date information and a
description of the current features as they relate to the PureWave system. These may be
different to the information contained within this User Guide.
1.2
REGULATORY NOTICE
It is the intention of PureWave Networks to ensure that this equipment is tested to comply with
the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna/s.
Increase the separation between the equipment and other receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
•
Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCC
regulations.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by PureWave Networks may void
the user's authority to operate this equipment.
Note: This device must be professionally installed, and the responsibility to
comply with the FCC regulations is of the user.
1.3
PROPRIETARY STATEMENT
© PureWave™ Networks, 2003-2010. All rights reserved. PureWave™ Networks has prepared
this manual for use by PureWave Networks personnel, licensees, customers and customers of
customers. The information contained herein is the property of PureWave Networks and shall
neither be reproduced in whole nor in part without prior written approval from PureWave
Networks.
PureWave Networks reserves the right to make changes without notice to the specifications
and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by
reliance on the material presented, including, but not limited to, typographical, arithmetic and
listing errors.
1.4
WARRANTY STATEMENT
1.4.1 Hardware
PureWave Inc (“PureWave” or the “Company”) warrants to the end-user (“Customer”) that this
hardware product will conform in all material respects to the specifications provided with the
hardware and will be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and
service, for a period of 365 days from the date of original shipment by PureWave.
PureWave's sole obligation under this limited warranty shall be, at PureWave's option, to repair
the defective product or part, deliver to Customer an equivalent product or part to replace the
defective item, or if neither of the two foregoing options is reasonably possible, refund to
Customer the purchase price paid for the defective product. All products that are replaced will
become the property of PureWave. Replacement products may be new or reconditioned.
PureWave's obligations hereunder are conditioned upon the returned of affected articles in
accordance with PureWave's Return Material Authorization (RMA) procedures.
Subject to the limitations and conditions herein and in the Supply Agreement, after Customer
has completed the steps outlined below in Section 2, PureWave will evaluate each returned
Product and will use reasonable commercial efforts to either, in its discretion, repair or replace
products confirmed by PureWave as non-conforming that are covered under the warranty
provided in the Supply Agreement. PureWave shall be responsible for shipping the repaired or
replaced Product to Customer. PureWave will use reasonable commercial efforts to ship
repaired or replacement Product within thirty (30) business days of its receipt, however, the
allegedly non-conforming Product must be received by PureWave before any replacement unit
will be shipped.
The above warranty will also apply to any replaced or repaired product for 90 days from the
date of shipment from PureWave of the replaced or repaired product, or the remainder of the
initial warranty period, whichever is longer.
1.4.2 Software
PureWave warrants to the Customer that for a period of ninety (90) days from your receipt of
the Product (the “Warranty Period”) the Software will perform substantially in accordance with
the Documentation.
If the Software fails to comply with the warranty set forth above, your exclusive remedy will be,
at the option of PureWave (i) a reasonable effort by PureWave to make the Software perform
substantially in accordance with the Documentation, or (ii) return of the purchase price. This
limited warranty applies only if you return all copies of the Product, together with proof of
purchase, to PureWave during the Warranty Period.
This limited warranty is VOID if failure of the Software is due to modification of the Software
not made by PureWave, or the abuse or misapplication of the Software. PureWave does not
warrant that the Software is error free, that the Customer will be able to operate the Software
without problems or interruptions or that the Software or any equipment, system or network
on which the Software is used will be free of vulnerability to intrusion or attack.
For further details of the terms and conditions of PureWave's obligations from a software
perspective please refer to “PureWave Software Maintenance Program” (document not found).
1.4.3
Additional Conditions
Notwithstanding anything else herein or otherwise, PureWave reserves the right to establish
amendments to this RMA Policy from time to time. Further, PureWave Technical Support may
prefer to troubleshoot the wireless link with an onsite Customer technician while the Products
are in their original non-conforming state. This process might assist Customer in understanding
and troubleshooting the issue. If PureWave was not afforded the opportunity to troubleshoot
an allegedly non-conforming Product in original non-conforming state, PureWave may approve
or reject the RMA request in its sole discretion, and such Products are not eligible for advance
replacement.
1.4.4
No Fault Found
Notwithstanding Sections above, if PureWave cannot duplicate any alleged non-conformity, the
Product will be returned to the Customer as "No Fault Found." PureWave reserves the right to
charge a testing fee in connection with a returned product that PureWave determines as “No
Fault Found,” and any such payment must be received by PureWave prior to return shipment of
the applicable Product to Customer.
1.4.5
Warranty Limitations
PureWave’s warranties do not apply to any product (hardware or software) which has (a) been
subjected to abuse, misuse, neglect, accident, or mishandling, (b) been opened, repaired,
modified, or altered by anyone other than PureWave, (c) been used for or subjected to
applications, environments, or physical or electrical stress or conditions other than as intended
and recommended by PureWave, (d) been improperly stored, transported, installed, or used, or
(e) had its serial number or other identification markings altered or removed.
1.4.6
Warranty Disclaimer
PURWAVE’S SPECIFIC WARRANTIES SUMMARIZED ABOVE ARE THE ONLY WARRANTIES GIVEN
BY PUREWAVE WITH RESPECT TO ITS PRODUCTS (HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE) AND ARE GIVEN
IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR
ARISING BY CUSTOM, TRADE USAGE, OR COURSE OF DEALING, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, AND PUREWAVE DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES TO THE MAXIMUM
EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence,
PureWave makes no warranty or representation, either expressed or implied, as to, and
disclaims all liability and responsibility for, (a) the operation, compliance, labeling, or packaging
of any of its products under the laws of any jurisdiction outside of the United States of America
and (b) the regulatory compliance of any products in any jurisdiction in which it has not
specifically identified compliance or the use of any product in any jurisdiction in any manner
other than as contemplated in the regulatory certifications and approvals for that product in
that jurisdiction. To the extent an implied warranty cannot be excluded, such warranty is
limited in duration to the warranty period. The disclaimer and exclusion applies even if the
express warranty fails of its essential purpose.
1.4.7
Obtaining Warranty Service
1.4.7.1 RMA
1.4.7.1.1 RMA Number
Customer must contact the Company, by sending an e-mail to support@pwnets.com to obtain
warranty service authorization. When contacting PureWave for support, please be prepared to
provide the product description and serial number and a description of the problem. The
Customer will be expected to complete a “Return Material Authorization (RMA)” form to
initiate the request. Full instructions as to how to complete and where to send the form are
provided on the form. Date of proof of purchase from PureWave will be required.
Products returned to PureWave Inc must be pre-authorized by PureWave with a Return
Material Authorization (RMA) number and sent prepaid and packaged appropriately for safe
shipment. The Customer requesting the RMA will be the exporter. The exporter is responsible
to ship RMA equipment to PureWave’s address and has to bear the cost and risk involved in
bringing the goods to PureWave’s location.
Risk of loss in return shipment will be borne by Customer, and it is recommended that returned
goods be insured and/or sent by a method that provides for tracking of the package.
Responsibility for loss or damage does not transfer to PureWave until the returned item is
received by PureWave. Provided that PureWave determines that the item is actually defective,
the repaired or replaced item will be shipped to Customer, at PureWave's expense, (1) not later
than thirty (30) days after PureWave receives the defective product or (2) to the terms of a
separate written agreement with PureWave.
If the allegedly non-conforming Product is not received by PureWave within thirty (30) days of
Customer initiating the RMA request, the RMA process for that Product will be deemed
cancelled.
1.4.7.1.2 RMA Status
Customer may also obtain the status of their RMA request(s) by sending an e-mail to
support@pwnets.com referencing their assigned RMA Number(s).
1.4.7.2 Customer Obligations
No product will be accepted for repair or replacement by PureWave without a RMA number.
The product must be returned to PureWave, properly packaged to prevent damage, shipping
and handling charges prepaid, with the RMA number prominently displayed on the outside of
the container. If PureWave determines that a returned product is not defective or is not
covered by the terms of the warranty, the Customer will be charged a service charge and return
shipping charges
The following table 1 is a summary of the conditions and charges that PureWave reserves the
right to levy.
RMA Related
Repair and return
Shipment of unit to PureWave
Regular Shipment to Customer
Expedited shipment to Customer
Under Warranty
No charge, PureWave pays
Customer pays
No charge, PureWave pays
Customer pays the additional cost of the
expedited shipping
No Fault Found
PureWave reserves the right to levy a
charge
Warranty for repaired and or replaced Remainder of the original warranty or 90
product
days
Table 1 - Summary of PureWave RMA Conditions and Charges
1.4.8
Out of Box Failure (OBF) / Dead on Arrival (DOA)
In the event a product becomes entirely inoperable within the first forty-eight (48) hours of the
initial installation of the product, and such installation takes place within ninety (90) days after
the date of shipment from PureWave, the Customer may request that the unit be considered as
an “Out Box Failure (OBF) or “Dead on Arrival (DOA).
PureWave will consider an OBF or DOA as being eligible to be considered for an advance
replacement request. The conditions for such a request are as outlined below in section Error!
Reference source not found..
1.4.9
Advanced Replacement
In some unique situations, PureWave may consider, at its sole discretion on a case-by-case
basis, an advance replacement request for a non-conforming Product that is still covered under
its warranty period.
1.4.9.1 Conditions
The following conditions apply to advance replacements:
(i)
PureWave has a suitable “equivalent” replacement unit available.
(ii)
Customer’s network is experiencing a severe degradation or a complete outage.
(iii)
Customer has complied with the RMA procedures provided herein
(iv)
PureWave reserves the right to levy a charge for the processing and handling of the
advance replacement request. To waive this charge will be the sole discretion of the
Senior VP of Sales.
(v)
If expedited shipping is required then Customer pays for all expedited shipping and
handling charges that are in excess of the regular shipment charges. To waive this
charge will be the sole discretion of the Senior VP of Sales.
(vi)
When an advance replacement is provided and Customer fails to return the original
product to PureWave within fifteen (15) days after shipment of the replacement,
PureWave will charge the Customer for the replacement product, at list price.
(vii) The shipment of advance replacement products is subject to local legal requirements
and may not be available in all locations.
1.4.9.2 Replacement Timing
PureWave will use reasonable commercial efforts to ship advance replacement Products within
five (5) business days after PureWave’s confirmation that advance replacement is appropriate.
PureWave shall not be responsible for shipping delays if any of conditions herein are not met.
1.4.9.3 Out of Warranty
For products that are out of warranty, the repair of such products will be subject to a repair fee.
In addition, any request for the Advance Replacement of product that is out of warranty will be
subject to not only the repair fee but additional fees as well. Please contact PureWave for
further details.
PureWave does offer extended warranties and enhanced service options for its Customers who
desire those enhanced features. Please contact PureWave for further information about these
options
1.4.9.4 Assistance
For assistance, contact your nearest PureWave Networks Sales and Service office.
Additional information is available on the PureWave Networks website
http://www.pwnets.com.
at
For Customer Service call: 650-528-5200, or Email: support@pwnets.com.
1.5
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
When installing this equipment, observe the following precautions to minimize the danger of
personnel injury:
Danger:
•
NEVER install equipment if there is a chance of lightning or other adverse weather
conditions.
•
NEVER install in a wet location unless the equipment is specifically designed for wet
locations.
•
NEVER touch uninsulated wires or terminals unless the wire has been disconnected at
the Network interface.
•
ALWAYS use caution when installing or modifying cables.
ESD Warning: Always assume that all components and assemblies are static
sensitive and always follow local ESD-prevention guidelines to prevent
equipment damage.
EXTERNAL POWER – SOURCE:
•
•
Warning: For any external power supply that provides the power source for
the PureWave equipment, replace any power supply fuse with the same
rating or equivalent, otherwise PureWave Networks will not be responsible
for any subsequent damage to its equipment.
Use normal caution when installing or modifying cables. Dangerous voltages may be
present. It is also considered imprudent to install during a lightning storm.
Always disconnect all lines and power connections before servicing or disassembling this
equipment.
For performance and safety reasons, only power supplies listed for use with telephone
equipment by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) should be used with
equipment.
Refer to the installation section of the appropriate instruction manual for the unit you
are installing for:
o Cabling information
o Proper connections
o Grounding information
All wiring external to the product(s) should follow the provisions of the current edition
of the National Electrical Code.
•
•
•
Warning: These units contain no user serviceable components. Only
authorized Service Personnel should service or repair these units. "Use only
isolated Class 2 Power Source, Rated 48V dc 5.0A Minimum."
2 SYSTEM AND PRODUCT OVERVIEW
2.1
INTRODUCTION - WHAT IS A COMPACT BASE STATION?
At PureWave, we believe that true broadband data networks must roll out in a completely
different manner than the traditional, low-throughput cellular networks of yesterday. The
traditional cellular network paradigm of colossal “macro” base stations and large cell radii
developed from the need for high-coverage networks to carry low-bandwidth voice and
messaging traffic. However, as the demand for data-based applications has grown, networks
have quickly become congested, necessitating new wireless standards designed specifically for
high-speed broadband data. Furthermore, as spectrum is always a scarce and expensive
resource, the need for improved frequency re-use techniques has become more important than
ever.
The clear solution to this is higher-efficiency wireless standards, such as IEEE 802.16e Mobile
WiMAX, and more flexible cell sizes. Where medium and high population density exists, cell
sizes should be small to enable increased spectral re-use, thereby ensuring that each subscriber
enjoys a sufficient amount of throughput. In such cases it may be necessary to deploy base
stations on utility poles, flag poles, rooftops, small buildings, and walls. This necessitates small,
pleasant form-factor base stations that can accept a variety of antenna types, both omnidirectional and directional. Such base stations are often referred to as “Pico”. Because wired
backhaul may not always be available in some such locations, it also suggests the need for
wireless backhaul options.
On the other hand, in rural areas with lower population densities, it makes more economic
sense to deploy fewer base stations on higher towers or buildings, and usually with higher
transmit power. This is closer to the traditional cellular approach and typically involves large,
expensive, and power-hungry “macro” or “micro” base stations, often with split designs
requiring both indoor and tower-top electronics. Wherever indoor components are required an
operator must obtain an air-conditioned shelter, which adds significantly to the continual
operating expenditures of such a deployment, and limits the deployment location.
PureWave has taken a revolutionary approach in the development of exclusively “Compact”
base stations. A compact base station shares the similar form-factor and cost of a Pico base
station, but with the performance of a Macro base station. It is a zero-footprint device that can
be fully co-located with its antennas. It is the best of all worlds, and can be flexibly deployed in
Pico, Macro, and Micro type deployments.
Welcome to the Revolution!
2.2
PUREWAVE QUANTUM AT A GLANCE
The PureWave Quantum Family of Compact Mobile WiMAX Base Stations is PureWave’s 3rd
generation base station platform, and we believe it presents what is simply the most advanced
and high-performing, yet cost-effective base station solution available.
The PureWave Quantum Family of base stations consists of the 2x4 (2 Transmit, 4 Receive)
Quantum 1000, as well as the PureWave Quantum 2200 (2x2), 4400 (4x4), and 6600 (6x6)
products.
This User’s Guide covers the PureWave Quantum 2200, 4400, and 6600 products. These
models are differentiated from each other only by the number of Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx)
antennas they support. Otherwise they are functionally identical. In this User’s Guide we will,
without loss of generality, refer primarily to the Quantum 6600 product.
The PureWave Quantum Family of base station products is fully 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX)
compliant and designed to interoperate seamlessly with standard, off-the-shelf, WiMAXcertified subscriber devices. All PureWave Quantum products feature a software-defined radio
(SDR) architecture that allows them to continuously evolve and take on new features as they
become available. Some of the key highlights of the PureWave Quantum Family of products
include the following:
•
Superior Range – An antenna array of up to 6 antennas operated in concert creates
tightly focused radio beams that extend the range of each base station by up to 40% or
boost capacity where required.
•
Spectral Re-use – Sophisticated interference mitigation techniques coupled with
advanced beamforming technology, both made possible by PureWave’s multiple
antenna architecture, allow for simple network deployments and for improved spectral
re-use.
•
Software Defined Radio – Protects your investment through support for over-the-air,
field upgrades of existing networks as standards evolve and new features and
capabilities are released.
•
Completely Weatherproof – PureWave Quantum base stations do not require shelter
and can be installed completely outdoors. This eliminates the capital cost of building a
shelter and the recurring cost of leasing or running an air-conditioned site.
•
Flexibly Mount Virtually Anywhere – PureWave Quantum base stations can be deployed
on towers, utility poles, walls, rooftops, etc, without the need for remote RF heads.
•
ASN-GW Optional – PureWave Quantum base stations can operate with or without an
ASN-GW, making even small deployments affordable.
•
Future Integrated Backhaul Options – Greatly simplifies deployments, eliminating the
need for dedicated microwave backhaul links, and reduce the capital cost associated
with base station deployment.
PureWave Quantum base stations can utilize virtually any off the shelf antennas, both omnidirectional and sectored. However, PureWave recommends our own line of affordable,
compact, multi-antenna panels designed specifically to complement the performance of our
base stations.
Error! Reference source not found. shows a typical tower-top deployment of the Quantum
6600 and a PureWave 6-Antenna Panel.
Figure 1: PureWave Quantum 6600 with 6-Antenna Panel
PureWave’s carrier-grade solution includes our full-featured and highly scalable PureView NMS
Network Management System, which can effectively provision and manage all base station and
subscriber stations in the access network. PureView features include automatic discovery,
fault management, inventory tables, configuration, and performance management. PureView
utilizes full open standard SNMP on the access network side, and employs a full-featured
northbound interface for connection to virtually any existing NMS.
In addition to the PureView NMS, all PureWave Quantum Base Stations support a full-featured
Command Line Interface (CLI) and an integrated Web Interface. The CLI is covered in depth in
Error! Reference source not found.. Please refer to the PureView NMS and Web Interface User
Guide’s for details on those applications.
2.3
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
PureWave Quantum products employ a sophisticated and flexible hardware architecture that
combines multiple digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose processors, and application-
specific hardware. Together these components deliver the processing power required to
realize the high-performance required by today’s demanding applications, while yielding the
flexibility to support future functionality as the needs arise.
2.3.1
Physical Interfaces
The PureWave Quantum 6600 is shown in Figure 2. The PureWave Quantum product’s flexible
architecture allows for a number of product variants to suite almost limitless deployment
needs. The model shown includes six antenna ports, two additional ports for future wireless
backhaul options, Gigabit Ethernet backhaul ports, and a DC power connector. Single or MultiMode Fiber backhaul and AC power options are also available. As the configuration of
individual base station models vary, so will the appearance of the connector panel. All
PureWave Quantum base stations include an RS-232 console port, a GPS antenna connector, a
ground screw, and three high-intensity LEDs. They are described in 2 and Table 3.
Note that Installation and weatherproofing must be completed by a professional installer.
Please refer to the PureWave Quantum Base Station Installation Manual for detailed
instructions.
Figure 2: PureWave Quantum 6600
Connector
PWR
Function
-48VDC or 110/220V AC power source inputs for the unit.
DC power connector: LTW BB-04PMMS-LC7001 (chassis), LTW BB-04BFFALL7001 (mate)
AC power connector: LTW BB-03PMMS-LC7001 (chassis), LTW BB-03BFFALL7001 (mate)
GND
GPS
ETH-1
ETH-2
CONSOLE
ANT 1-6
BH 1-2
This M5 screw provides a ground connection point to the base station. It is
the installer’s responsibility to ensure that the unit is professionally grounded
and complies with all relevant local codes.
N-type connector for mandatory external GPS antenna. 3.3V power on center
pin.
This Gigabit Ethernet port serves as the data traffic backhaul
Interface and also provides for in-band management of the base station.
Note that this port may be physically routed directly to the operator’s
network equipment, or it may be daisy-chained through additional PureWave
Quantum sectors by routing it to another unit’s ETH-2 port.
Cat-5 (RJ-45), Single-Mode Fiber (HartingPull/Han 3 A), and Multi-Mode (LC
duplex) Fiber options are available for the ETH-1 port.
This Gigabit Ethernet port serves as an incoming daisy-chain port from a
neighboring sector, and may be used for out-of-band management of the
base station. It may also be used to connect to an external device, such as a
web camera. Daisy-chained traffic is aggregated and passed through the ETH1 port.
Cat-5 (RJ-45), Single-Mode Fiber (HartingPull/Han 3 A), and Multi-Mode (LC
duplex) Fiber options are available for the ETH-2 port.
RJ-45 based RS-232 port for CLI control via a console.
Defaults settings are 38400, 8, None, 1, Xon/Xoff.
N-type Tx / Rx Antenna Ports. Note that different models have differing
numbers of antenna ports.
N-type Tx / Rx Wireless Backhaul Antenna Ports. These ports are reserved for
future use and, if present, should be tightly capped and weather-proofed.
Table 2: Description of Connectors
LED
STATUS
LINK/ACT
POWER
Function
Green - BS is up and running normally. No faults detected.
Blinking Red – System booting up, or system is temporarily down.
Solid Red - Fault detected.
Off – LEDs disabled or Power is off. Fault detected if POWER LED is Green, but STATUS LED is
Off.
Solid Green – Connected to an Ethernet switch.
Blinking Green – Ethernet packet activity.
Off – LEDs disabled or no Ethernet activity detected.
Green – Power is being supplied to the BS.
Off – LEDs disabled or no power is being supplied to the BS.
Table 3: Description of LEDs
2.3.2
Radio and Physical Layer Specifications
The PureWave Quantum Family of base stations is available in several model variants that
support a variety of frequency bands in accordance with the regulatory requirements of a
number of countries. Because several deployment-specific variables (e.g., antenna type, cable
type and length, EMS settings, etc) can affect the effective power output and other
characteristics of the system, it is the customer’s responsibility to assure that each deployment
of this product meets applicable regulations. Guidelines and rules are provided as a
supplement to this manual, specific to each region and model. In addition, the PureView NMS,
the Web UI, and the CLI all provide guidelines and feedback to ensure an appropriate
installation.
Table 4 lists key radio-related specifications of PureWave Quantum base stations. Note that
some features may not be currently available, but are planned for future software releases.
Parameter
Frequency Bands
Channel Sizes
Duplex Method
DL:UL Ratios
Number of Tx/Rx
Antennas
Tx Power per Antenna
Permutation
Modulation
Data Repetition
Coding*
MAP Repetition
Smart Antenna
Capabilities
Specification
XX23: 2.3-2.4GHz
XX25: 2.496-2.69GHz
XX33: 3.3-3.4GHz
XX35: 3.4-3.6GHz
XX36: 3.6-3.8GHz, including 3.65GHz US
3*, 5, 7*, 10 MHz (* future)
TDD
35:12, 29:18, 32:15, 26:21
Note: Includes 5 and 10 MHz only. Additional ratios for 5 and
10MHz, as well as for 3.5 and 7 MHz supported via future software
updates.
22XX: 2 Tx, 2 Rx
44XX: 4 Tx, 4 Rx
66XX: 6 Tx, 6 Rx
33dBm (RMS data power at maximum MCS level, measured at each
external antenna connector of the base station)
PUSC, AMC 2x3* (* future)
QPSK-1/2, QPSK-3/4
16QAM-1/2, 16QAM-3/4
64QAM-1/2, 64QAM-2/3, 64QAM-3/4, 54QAM-5/6
QPSK-1/2 Repetition 2, 4, 6 (*future)
1, 2, 4, 6
Beamforming, MIMO Matrix A, MIMO Matrix B, Cyclic Delay
Diversity, MRC,
Air Link Optimization
UL Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing*, UL SDMA* (* future)
HARQ, CTC
Table 4: Radio and PHY Specifications
2.3.2.1 Receiver Sensitivity
Table 5 presents typical receiver sensitivity specs of the Quantum 6600 base station. Note that
sensitivity will be correspondingly less on models with fewer than 6 antennas. Note that the
values presented are measured over the entire channel bandwidth, as opposed to WiMAX
Radio Conformance Test (RCT) type measurements, which are measured over only a fraction of
the channel bandwidth.
Typical 6-Ant Rx Sensitivity
AWGN, 10-6 BER, Full Band, in dBm
UL MCS (CTC)
5MHz
10MHz
QPSK-1/2
-105.0
-102.0
QPSK-3/4
-102.0
-99.0
16QAM-1/2
-99.8
-96.8
16QAM-3/4
-96.1
-93.1
64QAM-1/2
-95.1
-92.1
64QAM-2/3
-90.9
-87.9
64QAM-3/4
-90.2
-87.2
64QAM-5/6
-87.0
-84.0
Table 5: Typical Rx Sensitivity
2.3.2.2 Computing EIRP Power
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) refers to the transmit power radiating out of the
antenna. The accurate computation of EIRP is essential to proper network planning and to
ensuring that the system meets local and regional maximum power regulations.
As indicated in Table 4, the average Tx power output at each base station antenna connector is
33dBm. The average EIRP per antenna is computed as follows:
Ave EIRP per Ant (in dBm) = Ave Tx Pwr per Ant + Ant Gain – Cable and Connector Loss
For example, if deployed with a 14dBi antenna connected to the base station with only a few
feet of cable, the average EIRP per Antenna might be 33dBm + 14dBi – 1dB = 46dBm.
The total average EIRP of the base station with all antennas combined can then be computed as
follows:
Total Ave EIRP (in dBm) = Ave EIRP per Ant + 10log(Number of Antennas)
For a 6-ant base station, the example above yields Total Ave EIRP = 46dBm + 7.78dB =
53.78dBm.
Note that most regulations refer to Peak power, which in a WiMAX system is normally as much
as 10dB higher than average power. In the case of the PureWave Quantum products the peak
power can be assumed to be around 9dB higher than average. Therefore, peak EIRP may be
computed as follows:
Peak EIRP per Ant (in dBm) = Ave EIRP per Ant + 9dB.
Total Peak EIRP (in dBm) = Total Ave EIRP + 9dB.
For the above example, Peak EIRP per Ant = 46dBm + 9dB = 54dBm and Total Peak EIRP =
53.78dBm + 9dB = 62.78dBm.
These equations are summarized in Table 6.
EIRP Metric
Formula
= Ave Tx Pwr per Ant + Ant Gain – Cable and
Connector Loss
= Ave EIRP per Ant + 10log(Number of Antennas)
Ave EIRP per Ant (in dBm)
Total Ave EIRP per ant (in
dBm)
Peak EIRP per ant (in dBm)
Total Peak EIRP (in dBm)
= Ave EIRP per Ant + 9dB
= Total Ave EIRP + 9dB
Table 6: EIRP Calculations
Note that some regulations are specified for particular channel bandwidths and/or antenna
beamwidths and in such cases the allowable power should be scaled accordingly. As with the
previous calculations, each case is often unique. Again, the PureView NMS provides guidance
when deployed in markets where such regional regulations apply.
2.3.2.3 Smart Antenna Capabilities
Beamforming is a technique that combines and focuses signals to and from multiple antennas
to improve both downlink and uplink performance.
On the uplink, the base station combines signals received on its multiple antennas, resulting in
substantial link budget gains that improve range and throughput. MRC is the basic technique
from which more sophisticated uplink processing techniques (such as interference mitigation)
are built.
On the downlink (Base Station to Subscriber Station), sophisticated digital signal processing
algorithms exploit information gathered during the uplink beamforming process to concentrate
the transmitted RF energy from the antenna array to the exact subscriber stations locations,
improving gain, efficiency, and signal to noise ratio (SNR), resulting in greater range and
throughput.
MIMO Matrix A utilizes a technique called space-time coding (STC), which exploits the spatial
diversity of the channel to improve downlink performance. By improving data reception, it can
increase range and maximize the utilization of available sector capacity.
MIMO Matrix B utilizes a technique called spatial multiplexing (SM), in which multiple streams
of data are simultaneously transmitted through multiple antennas and effectively separated by
the receiving device. This technique can actually increase the spectral efficiency and, hence,
the capacity of a system.
The effectiveness of MIMO relies upon the spatial diversity inherent within the channel as well
as other factors, and therefore a given technique may be more appropriate for certain users or
deployments. Fortunately, PureWave Quantum Base Stations make these decisions
automatically, maximizing the efficiency of your valuable spectrum.
Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a technique employed by PureWave Quantum base stations to
allow the power of multiple antennas to be combined in transmitting a single stream of data
even when MIMO or beamforming cannot be supported (e.g., when transmitting the MAP).
Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is SDMA is an advanced form of beam-forming in
which multiple distinct beams are transmitted (or received) at the same time on the same
frequency to (or from) multiple users. Whereas FDMA separates users in frequency (e.g., subchannelization) and TDMA separates users in time, SDMA separates users in space. With SDMA
different signals are simultaneously sent on the same frequency to different physical locations.
Collaborative MIMO, also known as Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing (CSM), is a technique
that, similar to uplink SDMA, allows multiple subscriber stations to transmit at the same time
on the same frequency.
A key difference between CSM and SDMA is, however, that CSM transmissions are specially
coded and require specific support in the subscriber stations. In contrast, SDMA does not
require specific support from the subscriber station.
2.3.3 Capacity and Performance Characteristics
Table 7 summarizes key upper layer and overall performance characteristics of PureWave
Quantum base stations. Note that some features may not be currently available, but are
planned for future software releases. In addition, detailed throughput tables for each DL:UL
ratios is presented in Appendix B.
Parameter
Active Users
Service Flows Per User
Idle-Mode Users
Specification
256
16
2048
Aggregate: Up to 50Mbps
Peak Throughput
DL: Up to 43Mbps
UL: Up to 20Mbps
QoS
BE, UGS, rtPS, ErtPS, nrtPS
IP-CS, Eth-CS, PHS*, IPv4, IPv6*, IPv6 Pass-Through
Convergence Sublayer
(*Future)
Security
AES-128, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PKMv2
PureView NMS / EMS, Remote CLI, Web Interface, SNMP
Management
v2c, SNMPv3
Core Network Interface R6 (NWG 1.2.2, NWG 1.3.1), Radius
Table 7: Performance Characteristics
2.3.4 Electro-Mechanical and Environmental Specifications
All PureWave Quantum Family Base Stations consist of a single, all-in-one, fully weatherproof
unit that may be installed entirely outdoors (or indoors, as a deployment dictates). Please refer
to the PureWave Quantum Base Station Installation Manual for detailed installation
instructions and guidelines.
Table 2 lists the mechanical, electrical, and environmental properties of the PureWave
Quantum 22XX, 44XX, and 66XX Base Stations.
Parameter
Dimensions
Weight
Power
Temperature
Specification
17.5” (H) x 16.7” (W) x 5.3” (D)
44cm (H) x 42cm (W) x 13cm (D)
Base Station: 32 pounds (14.5kg)
Mounting Bracket: XX pounds (xxkg)
-48VDC or 110/220 VAC, 180 Watts Max
-45 to +55 degrees C (ETSI EN 300 019-1.4 Class 4.1E)
Humidity
Altitude
Surge Protection
Lightning
Protection
Weatherproofing
Wind Loading
Safety and IEC IP
Vibration and dust
Note: An available solar shield is required for ambient
temperatures exceeding +45C with full sun exposure.
5 to 100% non-condensing
To 10,000 ft. above sea level
UL497B
10kA IEC 6100-4-5 (optional via external kit)
IEC IP67
160Km/hr operation, 200Km/hr survival
EN 300 019-2-2, GR487, IEC 60529
ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1E
Table 8 – Electro-Mechanical, and Environmental Specifications
Figure 3 shows the PureWave Quantum 6600 with its pole mounting bracket. Note that there
are 2 pieces to the mounting bracket assembly – one that mounts to the base station (Figure 3)
and one that mounts to a wall or pole (Figure 4). Details can be found in the PureWave
Quantum Base Station Installation Manual.
Figure 3: PureWave Quantum 6600 with its Pole Mounting Bracket
Front Mounting Plate
Rear Mounting Plate
Figure 4: Front and Real Mounting Plates
For temperatures above +45 degrees C in direct sunlight it is necessary to deploy the base
station with the available solar shield, shown in Figure 5. Again, details can be found in the
PureWave Quantum Base Station Installation Manual.
Figure 5: Quantum 6600 with Available Solar Shield
2.4
THE BROADER WIMAX 802.16E ECO-SYSTEM
The 4th generation of wireless mobile networks, WiMAX 802.16e, is creating high speed internet
connectivity anywhere, providing for broadband connectivity while supporting Authentication,
Billing, and Management of mobile users. For that purpose it requires a full eco-system
involving multiple vendors and a number of components:
o Radio Access Network (RAN) - Wireless BTS and Subscriber Devices (also known
as the Access Service Network or ASN)
o Access Service Network Gateway (ASN-GW)
o Core Network - Management, AAA, TR-69, etc
o Applications – To run on or connect to subscriber devices
In this section we describe at a high level the different elements and their roles in the network.
The architecture reference model in Figure 6 illustrates the interconnections between the
various system components. PureWave maintains a catalogue of network elements that have
been tested against each other. To ensure interoperability between components, we strongly
recommend that an operator choose from that list.
WiMAX Subscriber Devices
PureWave Quantum 6600 Base Station
Figure 6 - Architecture Reference Model.
Combining these devices into a network, as shown in Figure 7, an operator can offer fixed and
mobile data, voice, video, and countless applications to users wherever they may be.
AAA
ASN
TR-69
EMS
AAS
Multi-beam
Master BTS
Figure 7 - 802.16e system implementation
2.4.1
The RAN - Radio Access Network
The Radio Access Network is simply composed of one or more Base Stations with attached
Antennas (or antenna array) that connect wirelessly to subscriber devices (e.g., Customer
Premise Equipment (CPE), Mobile Stations (MS), etc.
Depending upon its type and characteristics, a subscriber device may be self-contained (e.g., a
handset) or may connect to a router or computer via its “subscriber interface”.
A base station connects to the core network by means of its backhaul interface, which is
fundamentally a wired interface but may itself be carried by means of a wireless link or
network. The backhaul interface may connect to the core network directly, or through an
Access Service Network Gateway (ASN-GW).
2.4.1.1 RAN – Base Station
A Base Station has hardware, software, and mechanical characteristics that support its
functional and performance requirements. Base Stations and Subscriber Stations interconnect
with each other and their respective networks via sets of network, MAC, and PHY protocols.
PureWave Quantum base stations employ up to 6 transmitters and 6 receivers (depending
upon the specific model) that work together to achieve unprecedented results in terms of its
ability to connect to subscriber devices at greater distances and higher throughputs.
All PureWave Quantum Base Stations utilize the IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX standard for
wireless communication with subscriber devices. Mobile WiMAX supports time division duplex
(TDD) communication between a base station and multiple subscriber devices on a given
channel of spectrum. In a WiMAX system the direction from base station to subscriber station
is known as the Downlink (DL) and the direction from subscriber station to base station is
known as the Uplink (UL). The ratio of time devoted to the DL to that of the UL is referred to as
the DL:UL Ratio.
WiMAX base stations utilize GPS (the Global Positioning System) to maintain tight
synchronization and coordination among themselves in a network. This assures that all base
stations in the network transmit and receive in harmony, as they must all utilize the same DL:UL
Ratio.
All PureWave Quantum Base Stations incorporate an integrated GPS receiver which must be
connected to an external GPS antenna in view of a number of GPS satellites.
The PureWave Quantum family of products is mobile WiMAX (802.16e) Profile C compliant and
offers models that cover frequency bands from 2.3-2.7GHz and 3.3-3.8GHz. Products are
available also in a Stand-Alone mode and can be operated without an Access Service Network
Gateway (ASN-GW) to further reduce network costs. By maintaining strict compliance with the
standards, PureWave Quantum base stations allow the maximum compatibility with a wide
variety of 3rd party network elements.
Warning: When choosing a GPS antenna, choose carefully, as there are many
models in the market. Some are very cheap but also low gain and/or low
quality and can easily become the point of failure of your system. PureWave
recommends a high-quality GPS antenna from our product catalog.
2.4.1.2 RAN – Subscriber Devices
A large variety of WiMAX subscriber devices are available today, including outdoor-mounted
CPEs, indoor desktop units (IDUs), USB dongles, and mobile handsets. Some devices have builtin VoIP-based POTS (“plain old telephone service”) ports, and some even have built-in WiFi
access points.
We strongly recommend that operators select subscriber devices from PureWave’s catalog of
recommended devices. That is the best way to assure compatibility and the highest possible
performance.
Outdoor Fixed Subscriber Devices:
Outdoor Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) must usually be professionally installed on a
house, building, pole, or other elevated location. They are used for fixed communications and
usually integrate a set of high-gain directional antennas. A typical outdoor CPE is shown in
Figure 8.
Figure 8: Typical Outdoor CPE
Indoor Fixed Subscriber Devices:
Indoor CPE, also referred to as Indoor Access Devices (IADs) are rated for indoor use only and
may have omni-directional antennas, directional antennas, or both. Either way, their antenna
gain is normally significantly less than that of an outdoor unit. Although used for fixed
communications, it has the advantage that its location may be easily adjusted for better
reception. However, it is also subject to very significant building penetration loss which is
avoided by an outdoor installation. Indoor subscriber devices are popular with operators since
they can be shipped to (or purchased by) and installed by a customer, avoiding the need for
professional installation. A typical indoor CPE is shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9: Typical Indoor CPE
USB and Integrated Laptop Portable Subscriber Devices:
A USB-based subscriber device or a device built-into a laptop computer offers all the flexibility
that users enjoy today with WiFi, but with the data rates and ranges offered by WiMAX. Due to
their very low antenna gain, such a device will offer a lower range than fixed devices,
particularly when used indoors, but they offer the advantage of portability. Some such devices
even have integrated WiFi access points, creating a portable “Hot Spot”. A typical USB
subscriber device is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Typical USB Subscriber Device
Mobile Handsets
With the announced and soon-upcoming volume availability of mobile WiMAX handsets, users
will have the ability to enjoy full broadband data services with the seamless mobility they are
used to on today’s voice-centric cellular networks.
2.4.2
Core network
The core network plays an important role in the 802.16e eco-system. Several elements are
located in the Network Operation Center (NOC) and we briefly describe each here.
2.4.2.1 Management
A Network Management System (NMS) and/or an Element Management System (EMS)
provides for configuration, provisioning, and management of the base station and subscriber
stations. It provides alarms, traps, statistics, and more. The PureView NMS (Figure 11) is a
carrier-grade multi-platform NMS/EMS that provides all of these capabilities.
Figure 11: PureView NMS
2.4.2.2 AAA
An Authentication, Authorization and Accounting System (AAA) is required by 802.16e to
authenticate and track subscriber devices within the network. PureWave Base Stations are
tested for interoperability with several options of AAA servers:
•
•
Free Radius AAA
Version 2.1.7 Linux
Version 1.1.7 Windows
Cisco AAA (CAR-4.2)
2.4.2.3 ASN-GW
An Access Service Network Gateway (ASN-GW) is designed to support connection management
and mobility across sectors, cell sites, and even across service provider network boundaries
(roaming capabilities). An ASN-GW can coordinate inter-base station traffic, as well as traffic
between base stations and the core network. Simply, the ASN-GW is the gateway between the
Radio Access Network and the Core Network.
PureWave Quantum base stations support the standard WiMAX R6 (Profile C) and, at the time
of writing, have been interoperability tested with the following ASN-GWs:
•
WiChorus ASN-GW: Master Intelligent Packet Processor (IPP) SW version 2.1.1-193
(With Built-In Radius Server)
•
Cisco ASN-GW: Cisco Broadband Wireless Gateway (BWG) Release 2.0 for Cisco IOS.
Version Release 12.4 (20091215:091801)
PureWave Quantum Base Stations also incorporate internal ASN-GW functionality that allows
them to alternatively be deployed without an external ASN-GW in small to mid-sized
deployments.
2.4.2.4 DHCP
A DHCP server is used to provide IP Address Assignment to subscriber stations. There are a
number of ways this can be set up, depending upon the network elements in use. This topic is
discussed in depth later in this manual.
2.4.2.5 TR-69 (Technical Report 069)
TR-69 is a bidirectional SOAP/HTTP based protocol that is used for Over-The-Air (OTA)
provisioning and software upgrade of subscriber devices. Communication takes place between
subscriber devices and an Auto Configuration Server (ACS) and is transparent to the base
station.
2.4.3 Applications
The performance offered by WiMAX enables such a vast set of possible applications that a
discussion of them here could not possibly do them justice. Categories include personal mobile
broadband for data and video, VoIP, video surveillance, public safety, utilities, Smart-Grid, oil &
gas, education, mining, backhaul needs, etc. The possibilites are endless.
As every application is different, each requires a unique network and configuration settings to
assure optimal spectral utilization and performance. In this guide as well as the PureView NMS
User’s Manual we show how to bring up and configure the system under particular sets of
assumptions, and we explain all the settings at one’s disposal in optimizing the network for any
arbitrary application.


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