Microchip Technology G2M5477 Wi-Fi Module User Manual G2C547 Data Sheet

Microchip Technology Inc. Wi-Fi Module G2C547 Data Sheet

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G2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 G2M5477Preliminary Data SheetDocument Version 0.14a

G2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 3 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data SheetContents1 General Description ............................. 42 Features ................................................ 52.1 Benefits ................................................................53 Block Diagram ...................................... 63.1 Power ..................................................................73.2 System Power States ..........................................73.2.1 Asleep (low-power) ............................................................. 73.2.2 Awake ................................................................................. 73.2.3 Dozing ................................................................................. 73.2.4 Waking Up ........................................................................... 73.2.5 Force Awake ....................................................................... 73.3 Module Resets .....................................................73.3.1 Brownout Detection ............................................................. 83.3.2 EMC Resilience (IEC 61000-4-2) ........................................ 84 Functional Description ........................ 94.1 PMU and NVM .....................................................94.2 The CPU ..............................................................94.2.1 General Purpose I/O ........................................................... 94.3 Wi-Fi Network Interface .......................................94.3.1 Wi-Fi MAC/PHY ................................................................ 104.3.2 Cryptographic Accelerator ................................................. 104.3.3 2.4 GHz Radio ................................................................... 104.4 Sensor Interface ................................................104.5 Magnetic Receiver .............................................104.6 RFID (EPC) Transceiver ....................................104.7 Serial Interfaces .................................................114.7.1 User UART ........................................................................ 114.7.2 DMA UART ....................................................................... 114.7.3 SPI Master ........................................................................ 114.7.4 SDIO Client ....................................................................... 114.8 Power Supplies ..................................................114.8.1 3.3V Voltage Regulation ................................................... 114.8.2 Use with Supercapacitors ................................................. 125 Interface, Connections and Mechanical 135.1 Pin Types ...........................................................135.2 G2M5477 Module Pins ......................................135.3 Pin Grouping ......................................................155.4 Physical Dimensions ......................................... 176 Electrical Specifications .....................186.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................. 186.2 Recommended Operating Conditions ............... 186.3 Package Thermal Specifications ....................... 186.4 Digital Pin Parameters ...................................... 196.5 Control Signal Parameters ................................ 196.6 Power Consumption .......................................... 196.6.1 Asleep ............................................................................... 196.6.2 Awake ............................................................................... 206.6.3 Wakeup Timing and Energy Considerations ..................... 206.7 Sensor Interface ................................................ 206.8 External Power Supplies ................................... 207 RF Performance ..................................217.1 2.4 GHz Radio ................................................... 217.1.1 2.4 GHz Synthesizer .......................................................... 217.1.2 Wi-Fi Receiver ................................................................... 217.1.3 Wi-Fi Transmitter ............................................................... 218 Firmware Features ..............................229 Application Information ......................2310 Qualification ........................................2411 Design Guidelines ...............................2512 Development Kit ..................................2613 References ...........................................2713.1 Icon Developers ................................................ 2713.2 G2M5477 Developers ....................................... 2713.3 MDK Users ........................................................ 2713.4 Standards and Excellence ................................ 2714 Compliance ..........................................2914.1 FCC Compliance ............................................... 2914.1.1 Troubleshooting ................................................................ 2914.1.2 Conditions ......................................................................... 2914.1.3 Markings ............................................................................ 2914.1.4 FCC Warning .................................................................... 2915 Revision History and Glossary ..........30

General DescriptionG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 4 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet1 General DescriptionThe G2M5477 is a complete Wi-Fi and networking solution incorporating an RF power amplifier and antenna, a 32-bit CPU, operating system, TCP/IP network stack, crypto accelerator, power management subsystem, real-time clock and versatile sensor interface. The module enables designers to rapidly embed Wi-Fi and networking functionality into virtually any device. It is compatible with standard pick-and-place equipment.Ultra-low power usage and flexible power management maximize lifetime in battery-operated devices. A wide operating temperature range allows use in indoor and outdoor environments. G2M5477 developers have access to feature-rich analog and digital interfaces that allow for straightforward connection of environmental sensors and external control. The G2M5477 is suitable for applications in areas such as:zReal Time Locating Systems (RTLS)zWireless AudiozIndustrial and Home AutomationzHealth and Fitness MonitoringzTel e me tryzSecurity As the module is capable of independently maintaining a low-power wireless network connection, the G2M5477 is suitable for Wi-Fi enabled remote controls, headphones, portable Internet radios, toys and other battery-operated devices. Even in mains-powered devices, the G2M5477 provides cost and time-to-market benefits as a self-contained Internet-enabling solution. It can communicate data over any existing Wi-Fi infrastructure using industry standard protocols. The G2M5477 has an operating temperature range from -30°C to +85°C.The G2M5477 comes pre-programmed with Icon, a full-featured application that provides a host microcontroller with access to Wi-Fi and networking functionality via a serial communication interface. G2 provides the complete source for a host driver. With a few simple API calls to the driver, a host microcontroller can use the module to connect to a Wi-Fi network and communicate data via standard internet protocols.Alternatively, G2M5477 developers can build applications using the G2C547 API, which provides lower level access to the RFID and sensor capabilities of the module.At the core of the module is the G2C547 SoC, which includes a SPARC V8 processor, and on-board ROM containing the eCos operating system, LWIP TCP/IP protocol suite, security software and hardware drivers. The module includes 8Mbits of flash memory. On reset, the G2C547 loads an application from flash memory into on-board RAM and executes the program. G2M5477developers are provided with at least 64Kbytes of RAM for application code and supporting data structures.The host to module UART interface runs at 115200 bps by default. Ten GPIO ports provide general purpose digital input and output. The GPIO ports can be driven by the CPU or mapped for other purposes. Eight sensor pins provide analog input and output, allowing the connection of external sensors and outputs from internal sources such as the auxiliary DAC.The module provides an internal Wi-Fi antenna and provides a U.FL connection for an external antenna. When in low-power sleep mode the module minimizes battery usage, but is still able to respond to certain events, including internal timers and events on the sensor and RFID interfaces. Applications that make efficient use of the sleep state can extend battery life to multiple years.When awake, the module can run multi-threaded eCos applications and exchange data via the Wi-Fi interface. The G2M5477 can interface to an inexpensive 8- or 16-bit microprocessor, reducing the system cost of applications with moderate processing requirements. The G2M5477 is ideal for the vast range of applications that require long battery life, moderate processing power, moderate data throughput and occasional Wi-Fi connec-tivity. The G2M5477 is certifiable for FCC modular approval for use in the Unites States, and CE approval for use in Europe and other countries (certification expected by February 2009). The G2M5477 module has been designed to provide designers with a simple Wi-Fi solution: ease of integration and programming, vastly reduced development time, minimum system cost, long battery life and maximum value in a range of applications.

FeaturesG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 5 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet2 FeaturesWi-Fi• Complete 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11b/g Wi-Fi transceiver• 802.11i security suite with WEP-40, WEP-104, WPAv1-PSK, WPA2-PSK, and WPA transitional modes• High throughput - 4 Mbit/s sustained TCP/IP with WPA2• Wi-Fi certifiable with support for WPA2 Enterprise, WMM QoS and WMM Power SaveCPU• User-programmable 32-bit SPARC V8 clocked at 44 MHz• On-board ROM contains eCos operating system, LWIP TCP/IP suite, security software and driversInterfaces• Up to 10 general-purpose I/Os (GPIOs)• SPI master, SDIO client (with SD-SPI slave mode), and UART interfacesEMC Resilient• IEC-61000-4-2: unattended recovery from EMC shocks in hostile electromagnetic environmentsRFID (EPC) and RTLS• EPCglobal Class 1 Generation-2 transceiver, with both read and write capability• ISO 24730-2 compliant 2.4GHz DSSS transmitter and FSK magnetic receiverProtocols• Supports Cisco CCX-tag protocols• Supports Internet protocols including UDP, TCP and HTTP via the included LWIP stackSensor Interface• 14-bit ADC offering 35us conversion time with 0.01% linearity for analog transducers such as temperature and humidity sensors• Auxiliary 8-bit DAC• Low-power interface for monitoring push-buttons, accelerom-eters, security seals and motion sensorsPower Usage and Management• Ultra-low-power sleep state, in which a range of wake reasons can be detected• Keep alive doze state with instant transition to wake state• On-board power regulators operate from alkaline, lithium manganese, lithium iron disulphide and other battery types• Transitions from asleep to CPU-active in 1.7ms; CPU active to network connection in less than 35ms (typ)• Consumes 4uA current when asleep, 90mW power with Wi-Fi enabledPhysical• Operates from -30°C to +85°C• Available in trays suitable for standard pick-and-place machines • Physical dimensions: 20mm x 37mm x 3.7 mmSoftware• Includes Icon software providing a serial-API UART interface to a wide range of functions, including secure Wi-Fi authenti-cation and network operations such as DHCP, DNS, UDP and TCP/IP.2.1 Benefits• Multi-year battery life• Industry-leading Wi-Fi power consumption• Design is complete, avoiding RF design and layout issues• Ships pre-calibrated and pre-tested, avoiding expensive NRE for calibration and production test procedures• Uses existing Wi-Fi and EPC RFID infrastructure for low TCO • Hosted architecture - For G2M5477 developers, a full network stack on-board enables development of a low system-cost wireless internet product• Supports a client architecture with an external 8- or 16-bit host microcontroller for shortest development time and lowest system cost• Pre-loaded with Icon software offering simple Wi-Fi connec-tivity

Block DiagramG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 6 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet3 Block DiagramFigure 3-1: G2M5477 ArchitectureThe core of the G2M5477 module is the G2C547 chip, designed with three separate power domains to provide lower power consumption and flexible power management. A single battery, via on-board voltage regulation, supplies power to the three parts of the chip as shown in Figure 3-1:1. The Always On (“AO”) domain is continuously powered, and provides a small number of essential functions which are always available.2. The 1.3V domain is powered as required from a buck regulator, and provides the core functionality of the G2M5477. 3. The 3.3V domain is powered as required, from a boost regulator or directly from the battery, and supplies the I/O pins, supply outputs and the 2.4GHz power amplifier.When only the AO is powered, the module is asleep. When the 1.3V domain is also powered, the module is awake. The 3.3V domain is enabled only when the module is awake.For more details of the chip architecture, see the G2C547Datasheet, [5].2.4GHz Tx(802.11)Sensors: optional external components for motion detection, temperature measurement, magnetic receiver, etc.Flash memory1.3V DomainCPURAMCryptoacceleratorROMAO Domain 3.3V DomainCrystal Oscillator 1.3V Power Supply 3.3V Power Supply40 MHz Oscillator2.4 GHz Radio 2.4 GHz PAPMUG2C547ISO 24730-22KB NVM2.4GHz Rx (802.11)ADCMag RxTimers32.768 kHz Xtal 40 MHz XtalBatteryGPIOI/OEPC/RFIDSensor InterfaceSDIOSPIG2M5477GPIO inc User UART3V3 Boost EnablePAOn-board antennaOptional external antenna through U.FL connector3V3 Boost Regulator1V3 Buck RegulatorSensor powerDMA_UART_TXDMA_UART_RXSPI-master interface802.11b/g MAC/PHY

Block DiagramG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 7 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet3.1 PowerThe G2M5477 can be powered by an external regulator or a range of batteries. The module includes a 3.3V Boost Regulator, for use with batteries that supply a voltage lower than 3.0V.3.2 System Power StatesThe G2M5477 operates in one of two main power states: asleep, in which the module has limited functionality (enough to detect wake events) but very low battery drain, and awake, in which all of the functionality of the module is available (in particular the operating system, eCos, is running) and battery drain is higher. Additionally, while awake the CPU can put itself into a doze state, where the 1.3V domain stays up, but the CPU clock is suspended (until a wake event happens).3.2.1 Asleep (low-power)When asleep, only the AO domain is powered, and the PMU controls operation. This is the low-power state of the G2M5477, in which it draws only microwatts of power. The CPU and all other components of the 1.3V domain are unavailable (and do not maintain their internal state). Within the AO domain, the RFID and Magnetic receivers can be enabled as required, at the expense of increased power consumption.The functions available when asleep are simple - mostly detecting reasons to wake the CPU:zdecrement timers and detect expiryzdetect state change of the switch sensorszmonitor the sampled comparator and detect when external parameters pass preset thresholdszdetect motion via the motion sensorzreceive and act on magnetic receiver datazreceive and act on RFID reader commandszrespond to assertion of the FORCE_AWAKE pinzrespond to battery brownout (low voltage)zrespond to IEC-61000-4-2 EMC events3.2.2 AwakeWhen awake, the 1.3V domain is powered (as well as the AO domain), and the 40 MHz oscillator runs. On waking, the module boots the eCos operating system from ROM, after which the CPU loads and executes a user application from Flash memory. At this point all functionality of the module is available, in addition to that available when asleep. The module can:zLoad and execute programs from flash memoryzUse the Wi-Fi radiozRead and write flash memoryzRead and write NVMzEncrypt and decrypt datazGo to sleepzTransmit ISO 24730-2 data (DSSS and FSK/OOK)zTake measurements using the sensor interfacezUse the GPIO, SPI, SDIO, and UART interfaceszConfigure PMU: RFID, mag receiver, sensors, etc.3.2.3 DozingWhen awake, the module may doze - in which the 1.3V domain remains powered but the CPU is not clocked. The module uses less power in this state than when awake, and can respond very quickly to interrupt sources (the module wakes from doze in 45ns, compared to milli-seconds to wake from sleep). All memory and register contents are preserved while the module is dozing.Section 6.6, Power Consumption shows the power used by the module in each of these states.3.2.4 Waking UpA wake event received when the module is asleep wakes the module. When a wake event occurs, the CPU boots the eCos operating system from ROM, loads an appli-cation from flash memory and executes it. 3.2.5 Force AwakeFor debugging and development, the G2M5477 may be ‘forced awake’ by asserting the FORCE_AWAKE pin for at least 245us. This generates a non-maskable wake-event. While the FORCE_AWAKE pin remains asserted the module is prevented from sleeping or dozing.3.3 Module ResetsThe G2M5477 is reset by any of the following events:• An internal power-on reset, generated automatically when power is supplied. This is intended for initializing the module when a new battery is connected;• An external power-on reset, generated by pulling the RESET_L pin low;

Block DiagramG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 8 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet• A software power-on reset, generated from software; or• A reset triggered by a critical event, which can be:— a brownout, generated if the supply voltage drops below the minimum operating voltage; or— an IEC-61000 EMC consistency failure.3.3.1 Brownout DetectionThe G2M5477 includes a brownout detector to hold the module in reset if the battery voltage falls below the minimum operating voltage.When the G2M5477 wakes from a brownout-induced shutdown, the cause of the shutdown is indicated to the CPU. The application can then select the appropriate response.3.3.2 EMC Resilience (IEC 61000-4-2)The G2M5477 protects a number of critical internal config-uration registers with logic to detect corruption from an EMC event. If such an internal inconsistency is detected, a non-maskable critical event resets the module.

Functional DescriptionG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 9 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet4 Functional DescriptionThe subsystems of the G2M5477 are:• The Power Management Unit (PMU), which controls the module when asleep and aggregates all interrupts and wake reasons to the CPU whether awake or asleep. The NVM provides always-on memory that is accessible by both the PMU and (when awake) the CPU. • The CPU, which executes the operating system and user applications, from which the rest of the module is configured and controlled, including the PMU.• The Wi-Fi interface, including the ISO 24730-2 transmitter• The cryptographic accelerator• The ISO 24730-2 magnetic receiver• The RFID transceiver• The sensor interface• The digital interfaces - SPI, SDIO client, User and DMA UART• Oscillators and power supplies• IEC-61000-4-2 EMC recovery, and brownout detector4.1 PMU and NVMThe PMU manages the oscillators and power supplies, controls the G2M5477 when asleep, and aggregates all interrupts to the CPU whether awake or asleep. When asleep, the interrupts collected by the PMU also act as potential wake events - waking the module from sleep.The PMU monitors wake events from the AO timers, the sensor interface, RFID and the ISO 24730-2 magnetic receiver. Current loop sensors can be used to wake on voltage changes on SDIO or User UART lines. Although the PMU controls the G2M5477 while asleep, and manages the power state transitions between asleep, awake, and doze, its configuration comes from the CPU.The term NVM is used in this context to refer to memory in the Always On domain. Memory contents are lost when power is disconnected. An NVM backup is maintained in flash memory and loaded automatically on power-up.4.2 The CPUThe CPU is a SPARC V8 32-bit design, clocked at 44 MHz. On waking, the CPU boots the eCos operating system from ROM. The boot code then loads an application from external flash memory into RAM and executes it. Developers writing applications for the module are provided with the ability to debug applications, program the flash, and control the module with the DMA UART. The DMA UART connects to the G2C547 Debug UART. See the G2C547 PRM, [3], for further details on the G2C547Debug UART.4.2.1 General Purpose I/OThe module has ten GPIO pins, each of which can be driven by the CPU, or from a secondary function such as the SDIO client or User UART. Pins GPIO_10 and GPIO_11 are used for the User UART, as indicated in Table 5-2. Up to four GPIO pins can be configured as edge or level-sensitive interrupt sources. These are active only when the CPU is awake.As of release 0.0.1 of the Icon software, only GPIO_10 and GPIO_11 are available for use as a User UART interface. Future versions of Icon will provide general read and write access to GPIO pins.G2M5477 developers have unlimited access to GPIO functionality.4.3 Wi-Fi Network InterfaceThe Wi-Fi Network Interface provides all functions necessary to connect to, and communicate with, a standard 802.11b/g Wi-Fi network. The Wi-Fi interface consists of:• A firmware API in ROM that includes functions for channel scan, connection, communications, and PHY layer management. • An 802.11b/g MAC and baseband PHY.• A 2.4GHz radio transceiver.• A cryptographic accelerator to assist with Wi-Fi security.• An ISO-24730-2 2.4GHz transmitter. Although not part of Wi-Fi, the ISO-24730-2 transmitter shares the Wi-Fi 2.4GHz Transmit radio path.Icon developers have access to the Wi-Fi Network Interface via a high-level API that issues commands over the serial interface. Example API functions include g2_start_scan, g2_set_ssid, g2_conn_connect, g2_conn_send, g2_conn_receive, etc. Refer to the Icon Programmer's Reference Manual, [1], for further infor-mation.G2M5477 developers have access to lower level functions in the G2C547 ROM via a firmware API. Refer to the G2C547 PRM, [3], for further details.

Functional DescriptionG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 10 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet4.3.1 Wi-Fi MAC/PHYThe G2M5477 Wi-Fi MAC/PHY plus API provides a complete solution for Wi-Fi compliant 802.11b/g operation. It supports DCF and peer-to-peer operation, with a wide range of security suites - including WEP, TKIP, WPA1, and WPA2-PSK. See the G2C547 Programmer’s Reference Manual, [3], for details of the Wi-Fi API.4.3.2 Cryptographic AcceleratorThe cryptographic subsystem provides hardware acceler-ation for AES-128, RC4, MD5, SHA-1, CRC-32, and TKIP ‘Michael’. The AES-128 block provides 128-bit AES encryption in Electronic Code Book (ECB), Counter, and Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC) modes. All other common AES modes can be created using ECB mode.For further information on the use of the cryptographic accelerator, see the G2C547 Programmer’s Reference Manual, [3].4.3.3 2.4 GHz RadioA 2.4 GHz radio transceiver that includes a 2.4 GHz synthesizer is used for Wi-Fi and ISO 24730-2 operation. The reference for the synthesizer is the on-board 40 MHz crystal.4.4 Sensor InterfaceThe sensor interface provides:zfour switch sensorsza motion sensor for use with external ball-in-tubeza pulsed comparatorzan auxiliary DACzan ADC - the Sampled Measurement Unit (SMU)za current generator, for measurement purposesThe switch sensors, motion sensor, and pulsed comparator are all in the AO domain, and available when awake or asleep; the SMU ADC is in the 1.3V domain and available only when awake. The sensor elements share the eight sensor interface pins.When asleep, the sensor interface can be used to detect events such as a switch opening or closing, motion, or an analog voltage moving outside a preset window. When awake, the SMU can digitize analog signals (e.g. audio) and make high-precision analog measurements.As of release 0.0.1, Icon support for the sensor interface is limited to using SENSOR_0 to generate a wake-on-serial event to wake the module from low-power sleep mode. To enable this functionality, a resistive-divider should be externally connected as shown below.Figure 4-1: SENSOR_0 resistive dividerG2M5477 developers are provided with access via API calls to the entire sensor interface functionality.4.5 Magnetic ReceiverThe magnetic receiver receives and decodes ISO-24730-2-encoded data. It supports up to three axes, automati-cally searching for an axis that provides valid data. The receiver can be configured to wake the module in a variety of different ways. These options simplify software design and reduce power consumption to extend battery life.To use the magnetic receiver, G2M5477 developers must purchase a software development kit from G2 Micro-systems.4.6 RFID (EPC) TransceiverThe AO domain contains an EPCglobal Generation-2 Class-1 RFID transceiver. This transceiver can receive and decode the full set of EPC Generation 2 Class 1 mandatory commands, in North American, European and Asian radio frequency bands (860-960MHz). The RFID interface can be used to read from and write to NVM. It supports one or two external antennas.To use the RFID EPC transceiver, G2M5477 developers must purchase a software development kit from G2 Micro-systems.USER_UART_RX10k22kSENSOR_0

Functional DescriptionG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 11 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet4.7 Serial InterfacesThe G2M5477 has four serial interfaces:• A standard User UART.• A high-speed DMA UART (also referred to as the Debug UART in G2C547 documentation)• A SPI master• An SDIO client including a SPI-slave4.7.1 User UART The User UART interface can support 2 and 4-line UART protocols. The G2M5477 logic levels do not match those of the RS232 standard, so external-level translators are required to meet the RS-232 UART standard. Hardware support is included for RTS, CTS, SRX, and STX functions. The UART interface supports baud rates of 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 115200 & 230400 bit/s.A note for developers interfacing with Icon: the User UART is the only serial interface supported by Icon version 0.1.0. The Icon-supported configuration for the UART is 2-wire 115200 bit/s, 8-N-1. Refer to the Icon Programmer's Reference Manual, [1], for further information.4.7.2 DMA UARTThe DMA_UART_TX and DMA_UART_RX pins provide a high-speed DMA UART interface to the G2M5477 and a debug interface to the G2C547 CPU. The high-speed DMA UART interface will be available for use in a future release of the Icon software. G2M5477 developers typically do not connect the DMA UART Interface in the final product. Rather, this interface is the primary debug interface during development. The DMA UART interface is described in greater detail in the G2C547 Programmer’s Reference Manual, [3], where it is referred to as the CPU Debug interface.4.7.3 SPI MasterThe SPI master interface is used principally to access on board flash memory. It can also be used to drive additional SPI devices. The dedicated SPI chip-select output is connected only to the on-board flash memory and is controlled directly from hardware. A secondary hardware controlled SPI chip select output can be mapped to any one of the module GPIO pins. Further SPI devices can be supported by using GPIO pins as chip-selects under software control.The SPI interface features:• Full-duplex synchronous serial data transfer• Variable length of transfer word up to 128 bits• MSB first data transfer• Rx and Tx on rising or falling edge of serial clock indepen-dently• SPI clock speed configurable from 86kHz to 44MHzNote that the 3.3V supply powers the SPI I/O pins. The cautions in Section 6.1 regarding external drive to the GPIO pins apply to the SPI pins.To use the SPI master interface to control external SPI-slave devices, G2M5477 developers must purchase a software development kit from G2 Microsystems.4.7.4 SDIO ClientAn SDIO client interface supporting SD-SPI, SD-1 and SD-4 modes provides a high speed data interface to the G2M5477, operating at up to 100Mbit/s. The SDIO client supports a single function - “Function 1” - a memory interface. The interface is overlaid on GPIO-4 through GPIO-9. A FIFO provides buffering between an external device and G2M5477 system RAM.To use the SDIO interface to communicate with an external microprocessor, G2M5477 developers must purchase a software development kit from G2 Micro-systems.4.8 Power SuppliesThe G2M5477 is designed to operate from a wide range of batteries including alkaline, lithium manganese dioxide, lithium-thionyl chloride, nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium and lithium iron disulphide (Energizer Lithium AA-size 1.5V: http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/l91.pdf).The AO domain is powered continuously by on-board linear regulation of the battery voltage, which must remain in the range 2.0 V to 3.7 V. 4.8.1 3.3V Voltage RegulationThe 3.3V voltage regulation topology depends on the battery chemistry and arrangement used to power the G2M5477. A battery that provides less than 3.0 V over its lifetime requires the module boost regulator to be enabled by shorting the 3V3_REG_CTRL_IN and 3V3_REG_CTRL_OUT pins, as shown in the circuit of Figure 4-2. Warning: The boost regulator must not be operated above 3.3 V. Figure 4-2 is not suitable for a battery with output voltage greater than 3.3 V

Functional DescriptionG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 12 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data SheetA battery that supplies a voltage greater than 3.0V over its lifetime can drive the module directly, as in Figure 4-3.Figure 4-2: Power Supply for Battery 2.0 V to 3.3 V Figure 4-3: Power Supply for Battery 3.0 V to 3.7 V 4.8.2 Use with SupercapacitorsThe G2M5477 can be powered by a lithium coin cell. Coin cells are unable to provide the high currents required when the module is awake, so a suitable supercapacitor must be used to provide these currents. Some superca-pacitors use two lower-voltage supercapacitors in series. The G2M5477 provides a SUPERCAP_BALANCE pin to share the balance across these capacitors. This pin divides the supply voltage to avoid damaging stresses to the supercapacitor. The pin consumes a lower quiescent current than would be consumed by a pair of resistors.The Icon software imposes a power requirement that cannot be met by a lithium coin cell and supercapacitor. To use a lithium coin cell and supercapacitor power supply, G2M5477 developers must purchase a software development kit from G2 Microsystems and develop a custom application that does not exceed the power limita-tions of the supply.SL12 Schottky 20 uF1 uH3V3_REG_CTRL_IN (18)VDD_BATT (20)VDD_3V3_IN (21)SiliconixSi2312DSBattery2.0 to 3.3V3V3_REG_CTRL_OUT (17)Short to enable Boost RegulatorInside G2M5477 ModuleOutside G2M5477 ModuleBoost Regulator3V3_REG_CTRL_OUT (17)VDD_BATT (20)VDD_3V3_IN (21)Battery3.0 to 3.7VInside G2M5477 ModuleOutside G2M5477 Module3V3_REG_CTRL_IN (18)

Interface, Connections and MechanicalG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 13 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet5 Interface, Connections and MechanicalThe following sections discuss pin groupings, pin types, and pin descriptions. Connections with G2C547 pins are provided for G2M5477 developers only.5.1 Pin TypesTable 5-1 introduces the types of pins of the G2M5477.There are several kinds of pins:• The pins of the general-purpose inputs and outputs GPIO[0..14], the SPI bus interface (SPI_MOSI etc.), and the DMA UART (referred to as the “digital” pins). • RESET_L (referenced to VDD_BATT).• FORCE_AWAKE (a control input to the AO domain).• The sensor interface pins (SENSOR_IF[0..7] and the RFID antenna pins • RF connector.• Power5.2 G2M5477 Module PinsTable 5-1: Pin Types Type Description Reset StateGnd Ground. I Digital input with ~83K pull-down. 3.3V tolerant Pull-downI/O Digital input/output (bidirectional) 8mA drive, ~83K pull-down. 3.3V tolerant Pull-downI/O-24 Digital input/output (bidirectional) 24mA drive, no pull-down. 3.3V tolerant ZO Digital output, 8mA drive, ~83K pull-down. 3.3V tolerant Pull-downT Digital output, 8mA drive, no pull-down. 3.3V tolerant ZP Power. Power pins are used to supply power and to control the power supply configurationA-1v2 Analog. 1.2V tolerant. A-3v3 Analog, 3.3V tolerantRF RF input and output. Impedance 50 OhmsC Control input. 3.3V tolerantTable 5-2: G2M5477 Module PinsPin Name Function Type, Voltage Icon SupportG2C547 Pin Connection44-36Ground Gnd, 0V Power GND_SLUG35 NC - - - -34 SENSOR_0 Sensor interface. Icon supports SENSOR_0 for wake-on-serialA-1v2, 1.2V max Yes SENSOR_IF033 SENSOR_POWER Voltage output from module for pow-ering external sensorsA-3v3, 1.2-3.3V NocPOWER_SENSORS32 SENSOR_3 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF3

Interface, Connections and MechanicalG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 14 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet31 SENSOR_2 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF230 SENSOR_1 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF129 GPIO_4 GPIO I/O-24, 3.3V NobGPIO_428 GPIO_5 GPIO I/O-24, 3.3V NobGPIO_527 GPIO_6 GPIO I/O-24, 3.3V NobGPIO_626 GPIO_7 GPIO I/O-24, 3.3V NobGPIO_725 GPIO_8 GPIO I/O-24, 3.3V NobGPIO_824 GPIO_9 GPIO I/O, 3.3V NobGPIO_923 DMA_UART_RX DMA Serial UART RX I, 3.3V NocCPU_DEBUG_RX22 DMA_UART_TX DMA Serial UART TX T, 3.3V NocCPU_DEBUG_TX21 VDD_3V3_IN 3.3V power P Do not connect when boost regulator is in use. Input, 3.0-3.7V when boost regulator is not used.Power VDD_3V3_RING20 VDD_BATT Battery inputvoltageP 2.0-3.3V when boost regulator is in use. 3.0-3.7V when boost regulator is not used.Power VDD_BATT_DIRTY19 GND Ground Gnd, 0V Power -18 3V3_REG_CTRL_ IN3V3 boost regulator switch control inputC, Connect to 3V3_REG_CTRL_OUT to enable boost regulatorConnect to GND to disable boost regulatorPower -17 3V3_REG_CTRL_ OUT3V3 boost regulator switch control outputA-1v2, Connect to 3V3_REG_CTRL_IN to enable boost regulatorLeave unconnected to disable boost regu-latorPower SREG_3V3_CTRL16 SPI_MISO SPI master data in I, 3V3 NocSPI_MISO15 SPI_SCLK SPI clock O, 3V3 NocSPI_SCLK14 SPI_MOSI SPI master data out O, 3V3 NocSPI_MOSI13 USER_UART_TX User UART Tx (GPIO_10) I/O, 3.3V Yes GPIO_1012 USER_UART_RX User UART Rx (GPIO_11) I/O, 3.3V Yes GPIO_1111 GPIO_12 GPIO I/O, 3.3V NobGPIO_1210 GPIO_13 GPIO I/O, 3.3V NobGPIO_139 FORCE_AWAKE Force the CPU to wake C, 3.3V NoaFORCE_AWAKE8 SUPERCAP_ BALANCEBalance the centre pin voltage on stacked supercapsA-3v3, 3.3V NocSUPERCAP_ BALANCE7 EPC_ANT_B EPC port B A-1v2, 1.2V max NocRFID_ANT_B6 EPC_ANT_A EPC port A A-1v2, 1.2V max NocRFID_ANT_A5 RESET_L Module reset. Active low C, 3.3V Yes POWERONRESET_L4 SENSOR_7 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF73 SENSOR_5 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF52 SENSOR_4 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF4Table 5-2: G2M5477 Module PinsPin Name Function Type, Voltage Icon SupportG2C547 Pin Connection

Interface, Connections and MechanicalG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 15 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet5.3 Pin GroupingThe interfaces to the G2M5477 consist of:zPower Supply Generation: The G2M5477 supports a wide range of battery types and 2 power supply configurations.zSPI master: connected to the on-board flash mem-ory, the SPI master interface can be used to control additional SPI-slave devices. zDebug: reset, control, and DMA UART for high-speed serial and software debug.zSensors: to external sensors for measuring analog parameters (e.g. temperature, humidity, shock), and sensing security seals, motion and other parameters.zGPIO: to general-purpose digital devices. GPIO can also control switches, or provide a user UART and SDIO. zRFID Antennas: up to two ~900MHz antenna for emulating EPCglobal Generation-2 RFID tags. zRF: to external antennas, Wi-Fi Tx/Rx and ISO 24730-2 Tx.1 SENSOR_6 Sensor interface A-1v2, 1.2V max NoaSENSOR_IF6H1 EXTERNAL ANTENNA CONNECTORU.FL connector RF YesA1 INTERNAL ANTENNASMT PCB-style Antenna: antenova Rufa Right: 3030A5887-01 www.antenova.com/?id=744Yesa. Connect to signal ground directlyb. Connect to signal ground via a 10k pulldown resistorc. Leave disconnectedTable 5-2: G2M5477 Module PinsPin Name Function Type, Voltage Icon SupportG2C547 Pin Connection

Interface, Connections and MechanicalG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 16 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data SheetFigure 5-1: Pin Logical GroupingSPI MasterDebug/High-speed SerialSensorsGPIO2.4 GHzRFID Power Supply GenerationNotconnectedPower OutputsExternal Antenna Connector(U.FL)Internal Antenna(SMT PCB-Style Antenna)6 EPC_ANTENNA_A7 EPC_ANTENNA_B35 NCSUPERCAP_BALANCE 83V3_REG_CTRL_IN 183V3_REG_CTRL_OUT 17VDD_BATT 20VDD_3V3 21SENSOR_POWER 33SPI_MISO 16SPI_MOSI 14SPI_SCLK 15RESET_L 5FORCE_AWAKE 9DMA_UART_TX 22DMA_UART_RX 23GND 19,36-4434 SENSOR_030 SENSOR_131 SENSOR_232 SENSOR_32 SENSOR_43 SENSOR_51 SENSOR_64 SENSOR_729 GPIO[4] / SD_CMD28 GPIO[5] / SD_D027 GPIO[6] / SD_D126 GPIO[7] / SD_D225 GPIO[8] / SD_D324 GPIO[9] / SD_CLK13 GPIO[10]/USER_UART_TX12 GPIO[11]/USER_UART_RX11 GPIO[12]10 GPIO[13]G2M5477ResetGPIO/SDIO

Interface, Connections and MechanicalG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 17 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet5.4 Physical DimensionsFigure 5-2: Physical DimensionsdddDed1 BEAA1D1E1C1CC1PIN 1 IDENTIFIERPIN 1SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX NOTEA1.2A1 2.25B1C0.2C1 0.4D37D1 28.05 28.1 28.15E20E1 18.65 18.7 18.5d2d1 2.5e2Common Dimensions(Units of measure = mm)

Electrical SpecificationsG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 18 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet6 Electrical Specifications6.1 Absolute Maximum RatingsWarning: I/O voltages must adhere to Table 6-1 to avoid damage and to Table 6-4 or Table 6.5 as appropriate for correct operation. 6.2 Recommended Operating Conditions6.3 Package Thermal SpecificationsTable 6-1: Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsVbatt 2.0 3.7 VRfmax – Maximum RF input 10 dBm To U.FL connector.VHBM – ESD tolerance, human body model 2 kVInput voltage for pins types: Analog 3V3Power 3V3O, T, I, I/O, I/O-24-0.3 See note V Note: The voltage should not exceed 3.7V, and should be no more than 0.3V greater than the volt-age on the VDD_3V3_IN pin. Note that this voltage changes depending on the state of the module. Refer to Section 4.8, Power Supplies for a discus-sion of power supply operation. Input voltage for analog pin type:Analog 1V2See note V TBDInput voltage for analog pin type:RF0 0 V This pad is an RF input or output, and is a DC short to ground. No voltage should be placed on it.Input voltage on control pinsFORCE_AWAKE and RESET_L-0.3 3.7 VTable 6-2: Recommended Operating ConditionsParameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsVbatt – Battery voltage (1) 2.0 3.3 V Using power supply configuration of Figure 4-2.Vbatt – Battery voltage (2) 3.0 3.7 V Using power supply configuration of Figure 4-3.Operating temperature -30 +85 C Applies to all specifications unless otherwise noted.Table 6-3: Thermal Specifications Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsPackage + enclosure thermal resistance 20 °C/W

Electrical SpecificationsG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 19 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet6.4 Digital Pin Parameters6.5 Control Signal Parameters6.6 Power Consumption6.6.1 AsleepTable 6-4: Digital Input, Output, Input/Output or Tristate Pin Parameters Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsIOH – DC pin current output - highDigital I/O 8mA drive8 mA Output voltage = VDD_3V3_IN – 0.4V. VDD_3V3_IN = 3.0V to 3.7V.IOL – DC pin current output - lowDigital I/O 8mA drive8 mA Output voltage = 0.4V. VDD_3V3_IN = 3.0V to 3.7V.IOH – DC pin high current output - highDigital I/O 24mA drive24 mA Output voltage = VDD_3V3_IN – 0.4V. VDD_3V3_IN = 3.0V to 3.7V.IOL – DC pin high current output - lowDigital I/O 24mA drive24 mA Output voltage = 0.4V. VDD_3V3_IN = 3.0V to 3.7V.VIH – DC pin input logic level - high 2.3 V VDD_3V3_IN = 3V3VIL – DC pin input logic level - low 1.0 V VDD_3V3_IN = 3V3RGPIO– Pull-down resistance on GPIO 8mA pins 83 k OhmsICR – Maximum crowbar current on current loop sensor inputs2 uA Input voltage 0-1.2VTiming skew on pins GPIO[0..14] nsTable 6-5: Control Signal ParametersParameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/Commentstreset 160 us Min pulse width for reset assertiontforce_awake 31 us Min pulse width for force_awake assertionVil (RESET_L) 0.3 Vdd_battVih (RESET_L) 0.5 Vdd_battVil (FORCE_AWAKE) 0.15 0.5 VVih (FORCE_AWAKE) 0.6 1.0Table 6-6: Power Consumption when ASLEEP (Vbatt=2.75V)Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsCurrent consumption when asleep; room temperature.4 uA Temperature < 30°C.RFID and magnetic receiver disabled. 32kHz crys-tal oscillator disabled, all digital pins pulled to ground.Current consumption when asleep; full tem-perature range.uA Temperature < 85°C.RFID and magnetic receiver disabled.Supply current for magnetic receiver 190 uA When enabled. Note the magnetic receiver is intended to operate with a 1% duty cycle.Time for magnetic receiver to wake and check if signal is present5.4 ms

Electrical SpecificationsG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 20 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet6.6.2 Awake6.6.3 Wakeup Timing and Energy Considerations6.7 Sensor InterfaceSee the G2C547 Datasheet, [5], for details of the sensor interface. 6.8 External Power SuppliesSENSOR_POWER corresponds to G2C547 POWER_SENSORS. See the G2C547 Datasheet, [5], for details.RFID incremental supply current per RFID antenna.2 uA No reader present, when in ‘listen’ state.RFID incremental supply current 50 uA Reader present, RFID receiver in ‘on’ state. Sampled comparator supply current 4 uA When enabled.32768Hz crystal oscillator supply current 1 uA When enabled.Table 6-6: Power Consumption when ASLEEP (Vbatt=2.75V)Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsTable 6-7: Power Consumption when AWAKE (Vbatt=3.3V)Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsProgram load 70 mW Does not include power to flash memory.Program execution 65 mWDoze 50 mWWait for Rx 90 mWRx Wi-Fi with CCK/DSSS (1,2,5.5,11 Mbit/s) 125 mW Averaged over packet of 1023 bytes.Rx Wi-Fi with OFDM (6, 9... 54 Mbit/s) 130 mWTx Wi-Fi at +18 dBm 700 mW 1, 2, 5.5, or 11 Mbit/s. Tx ISO24730-2 DSSS at +18 dBm 700 mWTable 6-8: Wakeup Timing and Energy ConsumptionParameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions/CommentsTime from wakeup event to program load startms Min without boost regulator, and “Fast Boot” modeMax with boost regulator, and no “Fast Boot”Energy consumed from wakeup event to pro-gram load startmJ This includes booting eCos.Time to load program from flash 0.25 ms/Kbyte SPI clock = 44MHz.

RF PerformanceG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 21 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet7 RF PerformanceThe G2M5477 is pre-calibrated. No user calibration is required.7.1 2.4 GHz Radio7.1.1 2.4 GHz Synthesizer7.1.2 Wi-Fi Receiver7.1.3 Wi-Fi TransmitterTable 7-1: Synthesizer Parametric Specifications Parameter Value Test Conditions/CommentsChannels supported 1-14ISO-24730 center frequency 2441.75 MHzTable 7-2: Wi-Fi Receiver Performance Specifications Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units ConditionReceive sensitivity for 10% packet error rate for 1000 byte packet, measured using a cabled connection to port H1-70 dBm 54 Mbit/s-72 dBm 48Mbit/s-77 dBm 36 Mbit/s-79 dBm 24 Mbit/s-82 dBm 18Mbit/s-82 dBm 12Mbit/s-87 dBm 9Mbit/s-89 dBm 6Mbit/s-84 dBm 11Mbit/s-87 dBm 5.5Mbit/s-89 dBm 2Mbit/s-90 dBm 1Mbit/sRSSI resolution 0.25 dBRSSI variation over temperature and battery voltage 2V0 - 3V73dBMaximum input level for 10% PER -20 dBm 802.11b/g specificationInput return loss -12 dB Differential input from 2400 to 2500 MHz.Table 7-3: Wi-Fi Transmitter Performance Specifications Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units ConditionTx Power +18 dBmTx EVM -28 dB

Firmware FeaturesG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 22 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet8 Firmware FeaturesThe G2C547 firmware provides the infrastructure required by an application program for a low-power 802.11b/g device. API features include:zan embedded operating system (eCos)za TCP/IP stack (LWIP)zstart-up codezan application loaderzinterrupt handlingzpower saving featureszdevice driversThe G2M5477 module comes pre-installed with the Icon application, which provides a serial interface for networking functions. For more details see Chapter 9, Application Information. Icon developers may fulfill all application requirements using Icon commands. G2M5477 developers requiring lower level access to the firmware functions should refer to G2C547 Programmer’s Reference Manual (PRM), [3], and G2C547 Application Programming Interface (API) Reference [4].

Application InformationG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 23 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet9 Application InformationThe G2M5477 Module comes pre-installed with Icon, an application that provides a command line interface to module functions. Icon uses the UART interface for communication with the host controller. Icon provides commands to handle wireless networking procedures, including authentication and association, security and encryption and data transfer using UDP and TCP protocols. Icon also provides access to the module high level event interface, via the eCos operating system. This makes it unnecessary to perform low-level polling to determine when to respond to module state changes.For more details, see Icon Programmer’s Reference Manual (PRM), [1].

QualificationG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 24 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet10 QualificationThis section is to contain information on:ztesting and quality assurancezOperational temperature range qualificationzESD resilienceCertification information is separate. More detail will be provided in a later revision of this document.

Design GuidelinesG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 25 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet11 Design GuidelinesThis section is to provide guidelines for incorporating the G2M5477 module in a customer-designed device. It covers issues such as:zPadszLayoutzReflowingzHow the internal antenna is affected by a nearby ground planeMore detail will be provided in a later revision of this document.

Development KitG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 26 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet12 Development KitThe G2M5477 Module Development Kit (MDK) provides a hardware and software platform for testing and developing G2M5477 applications. For more information refer to Getting Started with the G2M5477 MDK, [6].

ReferencesG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 27 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet13 ReferencesThroughout this data sheet, references to other documents are listed. The following documents provide additional material:13.1 Icon Developers1. Icon Programmer’s Reference Manual (PRM) G2 Microsystems 20082. Icon API Reference G2 Microsystems 200813.2 G2M5477 Developers3. G2C547 Programmer’s Reference Manual (PRM) - G2 Microsystems 20084. G2C547 Application Programming Interface (API) Reference - G2 Microsystems 20085. G2C547 Datasheet - G2 Microsystems 200813.3 MDK Users6. Getting Started with the G2M5477 MDK G2 Microsystems 20087. G2M5477 Users Guide G2 Microsystems 200813.4 Standards and Excellence8. EPCglobal - Class 1 Generation 2 UHF RFID Protocol Version 1.09 - http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards9. IEEE Std 802.11 - 2007 - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp10. SPARC V8 Architecture Manual - http://www.sparc.org/standards/V8.pdf

ReferencesG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 28 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet

ComplianceG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 29 Document Version 0.14a G2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet14 Compliance14.1 FCC ComplianceThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. 14.1.1 TroubleshootingIf this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:zReorient or relocate the receiving antenna.zIncrease the separation between the equipment and receiver.zConnect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit dif-ferent from that to which the receiver is connected.zConsult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.14.1.2 ConditionsOperation is subject to the following two conditions:zThis device may not cause harmful interferencezThis device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.14.1.3 MarkingsTo satisfy FCC exterior labeling requirements, the following text must be placed on the exterior of the end product.Any similar wording that expresses the same meaning may be used.14.1.4 FCC WarningModificationsModifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment under FCC Rules.Radio Frequency ExposureThis equipment has been evaluated in accordance with the FCC bulletin 56 “Hazards of radio frequency and electromagnetic fields” and bulletin 65 “Human exposure to radio frequency and electromagnetic fields”.A distance greater than or equal to 20 cm from the device should be maintained for safe operation in an uncontrolled environment.Contains Module FCC ID: U3O-G2M5477Table 14-1: Radio Frequency ExposureProperty (Units of Measurement) ValueAntenna Gain (dBi) 2.0Numeric Gain (numeric) 1.58Max Allowable Peak Power (dBm) +23.76Max Allowable Peak Power (mW) 237.7Calculated Safe Distance at 1 mW/cm2 (cm) 5.5Minimum Separation Distance 20aa. Note: for mobile or fixed location transmitters the minimum sepa-ration distance is 20cm, even if calculations indicate the MPE dis-tance to be less,

Revision History and GlossaryG2 Microsystems Inc., Copyright 2008 30 Document Version 0.14aG2M5477 Preliminary Data Sheet15 Revision History and GlossaryGlossaryTable 15-1: Document Revision History Version Date Description0.01 October 2008 First draft0.02-0.10 November 2008 Corrections and additions0.11 December 2008 Release0.12 December 2008 CorrectionsTable 15-2: Acronyms and Abbreviations Term DefinitionADC Analog-to-digital converterAES Advanced encryption standardAGC Automatic gain control AO Always onAPI Application programming interface DAC Digital to Analog Converter.DCF Distributed Coordination Function - see 802.11 specifi-cationDSSS Direct sequence spread spectrumEPC Electronic product codeFET Field effect transistor FSK Frequency shift keyingGPIO General-purpose input/outputIEEE 802.11b/gThe 802.11b/g standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs) - often called Wi-Fi - is part of the 802.11 series of WLAN standards from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 802.11b/g is back-ward compatible with 802.11.The G2M5477 implements the IEEE 802.11b/g transmit and receive functions.MAC Medium access controller. Part of the 802.11 trans-ceiver. MDS Minimum detectable signalMRM Mobile resource managementNRE Non-Recurring Engineering costsNVM Always On MemoryOOK On-off keyingPCB Printed circuit boardPHY Physical layer processor. Part of the 802.11 transceiver.PMU Power management unit. A section of the G2M5477 that controls which parts of the module are active at any time. QFN Quad-flat no-lead package RSSI Received signal strength indication. Measurement of signal strength used by wireless systems to estimate the location of the clients. RTLS Real-time locating systemsRx ReceiveSHA Secure hash algorithmSMU Sampled measurement unitSoC System on a chipSPI Serial peripheral interface. A standard serial interface used for DRAMs and other components. TCO Total Cost of OwnershipTCP/IP TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet.Tx TransmitWLAN Wireless local area networkWMM Wireless Multi-Media. “WMM” is a registered trademark of the Multimedia Alliance, of which G2 is a member. The Wireless Multimedia Alliance generates specifica-tions and practices which, if followed, lead to greater satisfaction with IEEE 802.11-compliant items. Wi-Fi Wireless fidelity. A registered trademark of the Wi-Fi alli-ance for certain types of wireless local area networks (WLAN) that use specifications conforming to IEEE 802.11.Table 15-2: Acronyms and Abbreviations (Cont.) Term Definition

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