Orolia M-2 McMurdo Automatic Identification System User Manual Installation Manual

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Installation Manual
M-2 AIS Transponder System
35-060-001
This page contains no other data
Contents
PREFACE.................................................................................................................................. 1
INSTALLING THE AIS TRANSPONDER SYSTEM SAFELY ........................................................ 2
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 5
3.1
AIS TRANSPONDER SYSTEM................................................................................................... 7
4.1
4.2
4.3
ABOUT THIS MANUAL.............................................................................................................. 5
SYSTEM C ONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................... 7
INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES ................................................................................................... 7
AIS BUILDING BLOCKS ............................................................................................................ 7
MECHANICAL MOUNTING OPTIONS AND GUIDELINES ..........................................................10
5.1
LOCATION ...........................................................................................................................10
5.2
AIS TRANSPONDER UNIT .......................................................................................................10
5.2.1
Transponder main dimensions .....................................................................................10
5.3
AIS D ISPLAY .......................................................................................................................13
5.3.1
AIS Display trunnion assembly.....................................................................................13
5.3.2
AIS Display flush mount assembly ...............................................................................14
5.4
ANTENNA UNITS ...................................................................................................................15
5.4.1
Antenna mounting position ..........................................................................................15
5.4.2
VHF antenna ..............................................................................................................15
5.4.3
GNSS antenna ...........................................................................................................15
5.4.4
Weld on plate mounting of the GNSS antenna ..............................................................16
5.4.5
Cable Preparation.......................................................................................................17
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................19
6.1
GROUND CONNECTION..........................................................................................................19
6.2
SIGNAL CABLE CONNECTIONS FOR AIS TRANSPONDER ...............................................................19
6.3
VHF AND GNSS (GPS) ANTENNA CABLE CONNECTIONS ............................................................20
6.3.1
VHF antenna ..............................................................................................................21
6.3.2
GNSS (GPS) antenna .................................................................................................21
6.4
CONNECTION TERMINALS.......................................................................................................22
6.4.1
Fuse values ................................................................................................................22
6.4.2
Signal line termination .................................................................................................22
6.4.3
Method of connecting screens at the transponder .........................................................23
6.4.4
Test and program connections .....................................................................................24
6.4.5
Power supply..............................................................................................................24
6.4.6
DISP port – Display .....................................................................................................25
6.4.7
SEN 1, 2, 3, 4 ports - Sensors......................................................................................25
6.4.8
SEN Ports necessary sentences: .................................................................................26
6.4.9
Main and AUX high speed input/output ports ................................................................26
6.4.10
MAIN port ...................................................................................................................27
6.4.11
AUX/Pilot port .............................................................................................................27
6.4.12
Pilot Plug connection...................................................................................................27
6.4.13
Long Range Port .........................................................................................................27
6.4.14
RTCM port, Differential GNSS correction input/output port .............................................27
6.4.15
Alarm relay .................................................................................................................27
6.5
COMPLETION OF INSTALLATION...............................................................................................28
SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................................................29
7.1
TECHNICAL INFORMATION ......................................................................................................30
7.1.1
RS-422 interfaces .......................................................................................................30
7.1.2
Termination ................................................................................................................30
7.1.3
Output drive capability.................................................................................................30
7.1.4
Input loading ...............................................................................................................30
7.1.5
Isolation .....................................................................................................................30
7.2
RTCM BINARY MESSAGES .....................................................................................................30
7.3
NMEA SENTENCES USED ......................................................................................................30
7.4
MESSAGE STRUCTURES ........................................................................................................32
7.4.1
ABK - AIS addressed and binary broadcast acknowledgement ...................................... 32
7.4.2
ABM – AIS addressed binary and safety related message............................................. 32
7.4.3
ACA – AIS channel assignment message..................................................................... 32
7.4.4
ACK – Acknowledge alarm .......................................................................................... 32
7.4.5
ACS - AIS channel management information source ..................................................... 33
7.4.6
AIR – AIS interrogation request ................................................................................... 33
7.4.7
ALR – Alarm condition and status ................................................................................ 33
7.4.8
BBM - AIS broadcast binary message .......................................................................... 33
7.4.9
DTM – Datum reference.............................................................................................. 34
7.4.10
GBS – GNS satellite fault detection.............................................................................. 34
7.4.11
GGA – Global positioning system (GPS) fix data........................................................... 34
7.4.12
GLL – geographic position........................................................................................... 35
7.4.13
GNS – GNSS fix data.................................................................................................. 35
7.4.14
HDT – heading true..................................................................................................... 35
7.4.15
LR1 - AIS long-range reply 1 ....................................................................................... 35
7.4.16
LR2 - AIS long-range reply 2 ....................................................................................... 36
7.4.17
LR3 - AIS long-range reply 3 ....................................................................................... 36
7.4.18
LRF - AIS long-range function...................................................................................... 36
7.4.19
LRI - AIS long-range interrogation ................................................................................ 37
7.4.20
RMC – recommended minimum specific GNSS data..................................................... 37
7.4.21
ROT – rate of turn....................................................................................................... 37
7.4.22
TXT – text transmission............................................................................................... 37
7.4.23
VBW – Dual ground/water speed ................................................................................. 38
7.4.24
VDM – VHF data link message .................................................................................... 38
7.4.25
VDO - AIS VHF Data-link own -vessel report ................................................................. 38
7.4.26
VSD – AIS voyage static data...................................................................................... 39
7.4.27
VTG – course over ground and ground speed............................................................... 39
7.4.28
VSD – AIS voyage static data...................................................................................... 39
7.5
GENERAL FAULTS & ERROR MESSAGES .................................................................................... 39
SERIAL INTERFACE COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS .......................................................... 41
8.1
8.2
SENSOR DATA INTERFACE ..................................................................................................... 41
MAIN AND AUX PORT RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION OF AIS DATA ............................................. 41
WARRANTY REGISTRATION & ACCEPTANCE RECORD ........................................................ 43
10
PRE-INSTALLATION INSPECTION RECORD........................................................................ 45
11
GLOSSARY.......................................................................................................................... 49
12
COMMISSIONING GUIDE ..................................................................................................... 51
1 Preface
Applicability of this manual
This manual describes the installation of equipment to hardware build standard 02.02.
In accordance with McMurdo's policy of continual development and product improvement, hardware may
be upgraded from time to time and future versions may therefore not correspond exactly with this manual.
When necessary, upgrades will be accompanied by updates or addenda to this manual.
IMPORTANT: Please take time to read this manual carefully and to understand its contents fully, so that
you can install your AIS system correctly.
Once installed please read the Operation Manual fully to make sure you understand how to use your new
AIS.
Disclaimer
Information contained in this manual is supplied in good faith, but is liable to change without notice.
McMurdo Limited disclaims any liability for consequences arising from omissions or inaccuracies in the
manuals and documentation provided with this product.
 2004 McMurdo Ltd.
AIS Installation Manual
Issue 1
2 Installing the AIS Transponder System Safely
Installation
WARNING: Do not connect the AIS transponder system to a mains (line) AC electrical
supply, as an electric shock or fire hazard could result.
CAUTION: Do not connect the Transponder to a DC supply exceeding 32 V or reverse the
supply polarity. Damage to the transceiver may result.
CAUTION: Do not bypass the built in fuse
CAUTION: The Transponder system is designed for operation in the temperature range
-15 °C to +55 °C. Do not install (or use) the transponder system in environments which exceed
this range.
CAUTION: The AIS Transponder is not water-resistant. Consequently, the Transponder must
be installed in a dry place and must be protected from direct contact with water.
WARNING: Do not install the Transponder system in a position where;
a) the controls of your vessel may be obstructed.
b) it may obstruct your normal movement around your vessel.
c) it may cause bodily injury.
d) it cannot be easily accessed in an emergency.
Use
WARNING: Certain parts of the Transponder chassis, notably the rear panel, can become
hot, particularly if the ambient temperature is high. Avoid touching these areas when the
Transponder is operating.
WARNING: Do not remove the cover of the Transponder before the power is switched off.
Do not touch the antenna connections when the Transponder is operating and do not touch the
antenna whip (mast) or connecting cable when the Transponder is in operation, for RF
exposure and electrical safety reasons. Refer to Radio Frequency Exposure Warning.
WARNING: Unauthorised opening of the Transponder system will invalidate the warranty.
Maintenance
CAUTION: Avoid using chemical solvents to clean the Transponder system as some
solvents can damage the case material.
NOTE: Apart from the fuse located beside the connectors, the Transponder system contains no
user serviceable parts. Contact your Service Agent for repair if replacing the fuse fails to make
the equipment servicable.
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AIS Installation Manual
Radio Frequency Exposure Warning
To meet the current requirements for Radio Frequency Exposure it is necessary to install the
antenna mast correctly and operate the equipment according to the instructions.
The assumptions used in this assessment are: full transmit power is used, a good antenna is
used (assumed to be a unity gain (0 dB) wideband omni-directional type).
Where no suitable structure exists to achieve a 3 metre vertical separation then the antenna
base must be mounted at least 1 metre above the head of any person within range and all
persons must stay outside the 3-metre safety radius.
Failure to adhere to these limits could expose persons within the 3 metre radius to RF radiation
in excess of the MPE / SAR limits.
WARNING: The antenna mast must be mounted at a minimum distance (vertical separation)
of 3 metres from the head of any person standing on deck to meet international safety directives
on Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) / Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).
WARNING: Do not transmit when persons are closer than 3 metres to the antenna. If any
person (e.g. the operator) must be closer, then a grounded RF shield should be interposed
between that person and the antenna.
Rules of Operation
Licensing
IMPORTANT: In most countries the operation of the AIS Transponder is a part of the radio
regulations and therefore the ship must possess a current VHF radio telephone licence which
lists the AIS system, and the equipment must be registered (Call Sign and MMSI number).
Please contact the relevant authority in your country for more information.
Refer to the AIS Transponder Operation Manual for the full operating procedure.
Good Practice
The installer is expected to be familiar with IMO SN/Circ.227 Guidelines for the Installation of a
Shipborne Automatic Identification System, and to comply with these recommendations. The
document contains detailed information which supplements the instructions in this manual.
Compass Safe Distances
Display
Transponder:
AIS Installation Manual
0.7 m for 1° deviation; 1.2 m for 0.3° deviation
1.3 m for 1° deviation; 2.1 m for 0.3° deviation
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AIS Installation Manual
3 Introduction
It is recommended that the vessel should be surveyed prior to commencing any installation
work to determine the suitability of the existing on-board sensors. Section 8 of this Manual
contains a ‘Pre-Installation Inspection’ form to assist this process.
Installation of the AIS Transponder has been designed to be as easy as possible and requires
few tools. However as the AIS equipment forms a vital part of the ship’s navigational equipment
the installation must be performed with great care and with attention to detail.
The AIS is considered part of the ship’s radio station and is surveyed together with the radio
installation. Surveys on Convention ships should be carried out in accordance with the rules laid
down in IMO Res. A 746(18) Survey Guidelines under the harmonised system of survey and
certification and Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea 1974
For the AIS installation, it is likely that the following drawings will be required for the survey:
• Antenna layout for the VHF and the GNSS antenna installation
• AIS Arrangement drawing
• Block diagram showing the interconnection to other units
To assist in the preparation of this information, a Pre-installation Inspection Record is included
in this manual at section 10. Completion of this Record will provide much of the required
information.
It is also necessary to complete an installation report, which shall be kept on board.
3.1
About this manual
This manual provides step-by-step guidance through the installation of the AIS Transponder
system. Please read the manual carefully and make sure to follow the instructions.
In this manual only the installation of the AIS stand-alone configuration will be described. If the
AIS unit is to be connected to other display devices, refer to the manual for that display.
However the setup must always be performed with the supplied Display unit.. Other display
units will be additional to the IMO required installation.
The procedures required for installation can be summarised:
1. Obtain a copy of the AIS Pre-installation Inspection form; check that it is filled in with all the
data necessary for the installation. If the form has not been filled in, it is advisable to do it at
this stage, as this is a good way to make sure that all information is available for the
installation.
2. The available AIS Transponder system building blocks are listed in section 4.3. Before
starting the installation ensure that everything needed for the installation is to hand.
3. Locate the places to install the different units. The templates and the drilling instructions are
provided in this manual.
4. Connect the units and the sensors as shown in this manual.
5. DO NOT POWER UP THE SYSTEM AT THIS STAGE. It is most important to read the
Operation Manual, which contains the detailed commissioning information, before power is
applied.
6. Once the operating procedures are understood, the system may be powered up and the
permanent parameters may be set. A guide listing the steps in this procedure is provided as
Section 12 of this manual.
The Warranty Registration & Acceptance Record, Section 9 at the rear of this manual, must be
completed and signed when the system has been commissioned and accepted.
AIS Installation Manual
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AIS Installation Manual
4 AIS Transponder System
4.1
System Configuration
The M-2 may be installed as stand-alone AIS equipment or integrated with Electronic Charting
Systems (ECS) or Integrated Bridge Systems (IBS).
Stand-Alone System The AIS transponder with Display unit is interfaced to the vessel's
primary navigation sensors. The Display is used as both the AIS display unit and AIS control
unit.
Electronic Chart System (ECS) with AIS In this arrangement the stand-alone AIS installation
and ECS display have been integrated. The Display is used mainly to input own ship's
information with the ECS having the ability to display AIS target information. This arrangement
greatly enhances the presentation of information by displaying AIS targets in an environment
normally used for navigation of the vessel.
Integrated Bridge System has the ability to display AIS target information directly on an
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA ) or Electronic Chart Display and Information System
(ECDIS). By combining these technologies the navigator is provided with the optimum
navigational information, directly on the vessel’s primary navigation display. Where approved for
this purpose the ARPA or ECDIS equipment maybe used to directly control the function of the
AIS transponder.
4.2
Installation accessories
An optional AIS installation cable kit contains all the basic installation materials and cables that
are typically needed to ready a vessel for installation of the AIS equipment.
Other accessories include a VHF antenna and a range of antenna bracket options, an AC/DC
power supply unit, a Gyro Interface Unit (Stepper/Synchro gyro input - RS422 output) and a
remote IMO Pilot Plug kit. (The Pilot Plug may be supplied with the system, depending on the
configuration ordered.)
4.3
AIS building blocks
M-2 Class A AIS system, comprising:
- AIS transponder unit
- Display unit
- GNSS antenna
- Connector kit
- Operator and installation manuals
Part 35-001-001A
M-2 Class A AIS system, comprising:
- AIS transponder unit
- Display unit
- GNSS antenna
- Connector kit
- Operator and installation manuals
- Pilot plug kit (-002 version)
Part 35-001-002A
AIS Installation Manual
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Packaging
M-2 Master Carton
Contains:1 x M-2 Transponder
2 x PL259 Plug for VHF Antenna
2 x TNC Plug for GNSS Antenna
4 x M6 x 40 mm Machine Screws for Bulkhead Mounting
1 x Display interconnect cable 5 m
1 x Set of screw terminal connectors (bagged)
1 x Installation Manual
1 x M-2 Display unit
1 x Trunion Mounting Bracket
1 x Flush Mounting Frame
4 x No.10 x 25 mm Self-Tapping Screws for m ounting Trunnion Bracket
1 x Seal for Flush Mounting Frame
1 x Operation Manual
1 x GPS Antenna
1 x Stub mounting pole
2 x ‘U’ Bolts
1 x Back Plate
1 x Pilot Plug kit (-002 version) if part of system
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AIS Installation Manual
Optional Extras:
Part
89-020-001
903-01
903-02
903-04
89-081-001
89-081-002
89-028
89-029
89-038
AIS Installation Manual
Description
AIS VHF antenna, 1.2 mtr 0 db Gain
Antenna bracket -stand off mast
Antenna bracket -stand off mast / Bulkhead
Antenna deck mount fitting
Pilot Plug kit to AIS Transponder, 25 m cable
Pilot Plug kit to Display, 5 m cable with D plug
Gyro Interface Unit - Stepper / Synchro input - RS422 output
AIS Power supply unit AC+DC input - 24 V DC output
AIS Installation cable Kit (standard);
20 mtrs x 2 mm 2-Core Flex Power Cable
30 mtrs x RG214 VHF Coax Antenna Cable
30 mtrs x RG58 GPS Coax Antenna Cable
60 mtrs x 0.5 mm 4-Twisted Pair + Drain Signal Cable
200 x Cable Ties
20 x Cable Markers
2 x Self Amalgamating Tape
2 x PL259 connector
2 x TNC connector
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5 Mechanical mounting options and guidelines
5.1
Location
The transponder unit is classed as protected equipment and thus should be located inside in a
dry environment. Normally the transponder is located in the Radio Room. The transponder
compass safe distance is 2.1 m.
The recommended location should provide:
A dry environment
Access to connections (eg antennas, power, sensors)
Minimal shock and vibration
An ambient temperature between -15 °C and +55 °C
A site clear of exhausts and vents
Sufficient space to allow maintenance
The transponder does not require external illumination during operation. Naturally, some form of
illumination should be provided while installing or maintaining the transponder.
The Display should be available to the mariner at the position from which the ship is normally
operated. The Display compass safe distance is 0.7 m. The Display does not require external
illumination during operation, as it has an internal backlight; the use of illuminated keys ensures
that all controls are visible.
The Pilot Plug should be installed on the bridge near the pilot’s operating position. It is
recommended that a suitable mains outlet (3-pin 120 V AC) should be available at this location.
Special siting considerations apply to antennas. These principles are outlined in section 5.4; for
detailed advice, see the IMO Guidelines.
5.2
AIS Transponder unit
The transponder mounting plate is attached by four M6 screws. Keyhole slots in the plate allow
two screws to be inserted in the mounting surface, then the plate to be mounted on the screws
and to be self-supporting while the remaining screws are inserted and all screws are tightened.
The transponder chassis is then attached to the plate using four screws, as shown overleaf. The
transponder may be mounted at any angle.
It is recommended to leave at least 300 mm free space around the terminals to allow for
connection cables.
5.2.1
10
Transponder main dimensions
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AIS Installation Manual
Exploded view of M-2 transceiver showing cover, detachable terminal blocks and mounting plate
AIS Installation Manual
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11
Transponder mounting plate drilling diagram and recommended clearances ( mm)
12
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AIS Installation Manual
5.3
AIS Display
5.3.1 AIS Display trunnion assembly
The Display can be either trunnion mounted or flush mounted.
Hole size to fit #10 screw: 3.5mm
Drilling drawing (mm)
Select hole size to suit method of
fixing mountings – clear or
tapped holes.
Mounted dimensions:
Height:
Width:
Depth:
150 mm
270 mm
120 mm
(over connectors)
Connectors: Dis play port Pilot Plug Test port
AIS Installation Manual
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13
5.3.2 AIS Display flush mount assembly
NOTE: The Pilot Plug is intended to be connected to the Display, although an alternative
connection is available on the transponder. The cabling arrangements should take this into
consideration when flush mounting the Display.
A cutting template is supplied with the flush mounting kit. This template carries full fitting
instructions.
FRONT
14
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AIS Installation Manual
5.4
Antenna units
The AIS Transponder has to be connected to two antennas: a VHF antenna and a GNSS
antenna. The GNSS (GPS) antenna is supplied as standard.
5.4.1 Antenna mounting position
In accordance with IMO guidelines, antennas should be mounted in positions which, as far as
possible, minimise interaction between them. The sketch summarises the recommendations:
GNSS antenna
preferred
position
Vertical
Vertical
separation
Separation
2m
2m
GNSS antenna
alternative
position
180°
Horizontal
separation
10 m
360°
5.4.2 VHF antenna
The VHF antenna is an important part of the receiver and transmitter system; the reception
range is heavily dependent on the antenna installation. The VHF antenna must be installed as
high as possible and free of shadow effects from the ship superstructure; effective installation
will maximise the range of the system. The antenna must also be mounted so as to achieve the
safety standards detailed in Section 2.
WARNING: The antenna must have sufficient bandwidth to suit the AIS system, as otherwise
the high VSWR produced may cause the transponder to shut down. It is recommended to use
an omni-directional vertical polarised VHF antenna with unity gain (0 dB), and a bandwidth
sufficient to maintain VSWR <1.5 over the frequency range 156 – 163 MHz. A suitable antenna
is available from McMurdo as an option, part number 89-020-001.
5.4.3 GNSS antenna
The Transponder package contains a GNSS antenna and a mounting bracket. The mounting
bracket is designed for welding to the ship’s superstructure.
Installation of the GNSS antenna is critical for the performance of the GNSS, which is used for
timing of the transmitted time slots and for the supply of navigational information should the
main navigational GNSS fail. We strongly recommend that the supplied antenna is used.
1. The GNSS antenna must be mounted in an elevated position and free of shadow effect
from the ship’s superstructure
AIS Installation Manual
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15
2. The GNSS antenna must have a free view through 360 degrees with a vertical angle of 5
to 90 degrees above the horizon.
3. As the received GNSS signal is very sensitive to noise and interference generated by
other onboard transmitters, ensure that the GNSS antenna is placed as far away as
possible from Radar, Inmarsat and Iridium transmitters. Ensure the GNSS antenna is free
from direct view of the Radar and the Inmarsat beam. It is also important that the MF/HF
and other VHF transmitter antennas are kept as far away as possible from the GNSS
antenna. It is good practice never to install a GNSS antenna within a radius of 5 meters
from these antennas.
WARNING: Screw the rod into the GNSS antenna by turning the rod. Do not turn the GNSS
antenna as this will twist the cable and damage the connection.
5.4.4
16
Weld on plate mounting of the GNSS antenna
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AIS Installation Manual
5.4.5
Cable Preparation
Ensure grommet is fitted before connector
AIS Installation Manual
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18
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AIS Installation Manual
6 Electrical connections
This installation guide takes into account the IMO “Guidelines for installation of Shipborne
Automatic Identification System”. However both the IMO publication and these instructions must
be taken as guidance only; individual circumstances must take precedence.
This guide is concerned only with the installation of the AIS transponder unit and does not cover
the installation of any peripheral equipment connected to the transponder. For proper
installation and connection of peripheral equipment to the transponder refer to the installation
manuals for these products.
Connection
24.0 VDC power supply*
GNSS antenna
VHF antenna
Display system
Position (external GNSS)
Heading (vessel gyro)
Pilot plug
Alarm Relay
ECDIS (Main port)
ARPA (Main port)
Long range function
RTCM, differential GNSS info.
Rate of turn
Speed and Course
Must connect
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
See Note 1
Optional
See Note 1
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
*WARNING: Ensure supply is compatible with voltage and current requirements.
Note 1: depends on IMO recommendations and local legislation.
6.1
Ground Connection
The earth stud on the transponder backplate must be connected to ship’s ground. The
recommended connector wire is 4 mm 2, green/yellow colour.
6.2
Signal cable connections for AIS Transponder
As shown in the table above, the AIS Transponder must be or may be connected to different
types of peripheral units; these can be divided in three groups:
• Coax connection to the antennas
• signal cable connection to the sensors (GNSS, Gyro, Log)
• signal cable connections to the five-input/output ports (Main, AUX/Pilot, long-range,
RTCM, Display)
Connecting the three types of interfaces is described in detail in the following sections.
The signal connections are all connected via a serial RS422 type interface; data rates are
normally 4800 or 38400 baud.
In some cases, particularly in retrofit installations, it may not be possible to connect the AIS
directly to the required sensor, because some sensors do not provide the IEC 61162-2 (NMEA)
sentences required by the AIS unit. In such cases a protocol converter is required between the
sensor and the AIS unit. Converters are available from different manufacturers, either as direct
protocol converters or frequently as repeater instruments for the sensor. A Gyro Interface Unit,
P/N 89-028, is available from McMurdo as an optional extra.
AIS Installation Manual
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19
6.3
VHF and GNSS (GPS) antenna cable connections
The VHF and the GNSS antenna cables are connected directly to the transponder through a
UHF and a TNC plug respectively.
The coax cable plugs must be attached directly to the cables; the outer insulation must not be
connected in the cable cleat but in the coax plug as illustrated below.
20
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AIS Installation Manual
6.3.1 VHF antenna
To make sure that the transmitted and received VHF signal is not interfering with Radar signals,
other VHF transmission or power lines it is important that the connection between the VHF
antenna and the transponder is of a high quality double shielded coax cable. It is recommended
to use a RG214 cable and PL259 connector.
If the cable has to be longer than 40 metres, it is recommended to use a cable with lower loss; a
40 metre RG214 coax cable has a signal attenuation of 3 dB at 150 MHz, thus the signal
strength is reduced to half its value due to cable attenuation.
Detailed instructions for fitting the connector are provided with the installation kit. The illustration
shows the preparation of the cable and the components of the connector.
Connector
body
“Top hat”
Plastic sleeve
Gland nut
6.3.2 GNSS (GPS) antenna
The GNSS operates in the ultra high frequency band (1.575 GHz). The signal attenuation in
cables is therefore substantial and has to be taken into account when the coax cable between
the antenna and the AIS unit is chosen. To compensate for signal attenuation the supplied
GPS antenna includes a pre-amplifier with a gain of 30 dB.
The cable attenuation should not be greater than 30 dB for optimum results, because the aim is
to have a total signal loss of less than 0 dB. The table shows the attenuation and the
recommended maximum length of two types of coax cable.
Cable description
RG 58
RG 214
Attenuation / 100 metres
@ 1.5 GHz
70 dB
37 dB
Recommended
maximum cable length
40 metres
80 metres
Connectors used must be TNC throughout.
Detailed instructions for fitting the connector are provided with the installation kit. The illustration
shows the preparation of the cable.
AIS Installation Manual
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6.4
Connection terminals
The AIS Transponder has detachable terminal blocks for connection of cables. Dedicated
connections are provided for power sources, sensors, the Display and other interfaces.
Refer to the wiring diagram, attached as an appendix, for details of connections to the terminal
blocks.
6.4.1 Fuse values
The main system fuse (3.15 Amp) is located beside the connectors on the transponder chassis.
Fuse description
Main system fuse
Fuse value
3.15 Amp
Part No.
99-084
6.4.2 Signal line termination
RS422 signal lines may need termination by resistors, depending on the length of connecting
cable and the rate of data transmission. Suitable resistors are incorporated in the transponder
listeners and can be switched in by wire links in the corresponding screw terminal blocks – see
subsequent tables and section 6.4.4 for details. The talkers in the transponder have inbuilt
termination resistors.
Whether termination at the transponder is required depends on many factors, including how the
other units are connected and whether any of these other units provides termination for the
signal line. The following sketch shows the principle:
Twisted pair, with common and screen
Common
Listener
Listener
Listener
Listener
Talker
Termination resistor
at end of line
Termination resistor
at end of line
Screen connected to ground
at talker ONLY
Note: For clarity, the sketch shows the devices connected to the twisted pair by spurs; in practice, the twisted pair is
looped through each device in turn.
There is only one talker per twisted pair; there can be several listeners. The intention is that
terminations must be provided by the devices at the ends of the line, regardless of whether they
are listeners or the talker, and that no other device should provide a termination.
A terminal is provided for the common connection at each port on the transponder; note that this
is NOT a ground connection.
It is good practice to use screened cables in all ship cable installations. Take care to connect
the cable screen to ship’s ground at one end only of the cable, as connecting at both ends may
cause ground loops and interference to the signals. The correct method of connecting the cable
screen to ground is at the talker only, as shown in the diagram above.
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In the transponder unit the screen from some cable entries should be connected to ground at
the transponder, as shown in the table. The technique of connecting the screen is illustrated
below.
Function
Display
LONG RANGE
AUX / PILOT
MAIN
RTCM
SEN 1
SEN 2
SEN 3
SEN 4
Lines te rminated by resistor
Display (VDU) port
Long Range port
Auxiliary or Pilot port
Main port
RTCM port for differential correction
Sensor 1 port
Sensor 2 port
Sensor 3 port
Sensor 4 port
Connect screen
at transponder
YES
PREFERRED
PREFERRED
PREFERRED
PREFERRED
NO
NO
NO
NO
PREFERRED means that the screen may be connected either at the remote device or at the
transponder; if no other considerations apply, connection at the transponder is recommended.
6.4.3
Method of connecting screens at the transponder
If the screen is not to be connected at the transponder, secure the cleat over the outer cable
insulation.
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6.4.4
Test and program connections
The connectors are 5mm pitch female screw terminal conectors. Manufacturer’s numbers are
given for the Hitaltech models, but any equivalent may be used.
Connectors used:
8 way
7 way
4 way
3 way
2 way RED
1 off
4 off
4 off
1 off
1 off
CIF08001
CIF07001
CIF04001
CIF03001
CIF02001OR
6.4.5 Power supply
Connect to the ship’s 24 V DC emergency power source, which ideally should be an
uninterrupted power supply (UPS), through a 2-pole switched fused supply to allow isolation for
servicing. The power requirements are 24 V DC +30% -10%, 2.5 A minimum.
Standby power requirement
Peak power requirement
15 W; 0.6 Amp at 24 V DC
50 W; 2.0 Amp at 24 V DC
Required conductor area as a function of cable length
Power cable length
Required conductor area
0 – 10 metres
0.75 mm2
10 – 20 metres
1.5 mm2
20 – 30 metres
2.5 mm2
30 – 40 metres
3.0 mm2
Isolation between the power supply connections and any other connection to the transponder is
1 kV minimum.
The DC power source should comply with IMO guidelines for the class of vessel concerned.
National authorities and classification societies may have their own power supply requirements;
these should also be considered.
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Power Supply Unit (optional)
An AC/DC + DC emergency backup power supply, P/N 89-029, is available as an option. Follow
the installation instructions supplied with the equipment.
6.4.6 DISP port – Display
The DISP port connects the Display unit with the Transponder. The display connection cable is
supplied ready for use, and needs only to be plugged into the appropriate ports on the
transponder and the Display.
For installations where the Display cable needs to be extended, the connections are given
below.
Display cable:
Four twisted pairs, screened, PVC sheathed. For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm 2
(7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent.
The connection between the transponder connector block and the Display unit is given below,
Connection is to the 15-pin socket on the Display.
Function
Common
Rx A
Rx B
Tx A
Tx B
Termination
+ Power out
- Power out
Terminal
4 (link to 3)
Display pin
12
13
The twisted pairs are assigned as (Rx A/B), (Tx A/B),
(common pair) and (power pair)
6.4.7 SEN 1, 2, 3, 4 ports - Sensors
Sensor input ports can be configured to receive serial data from the Gyro (or Gyro Converter),
the external GNSS used for navigation and from the LOG. Each of the four sensor (SEN1,
SEN2, SEN3 and SEN4) ports can be used to receive information from one of these sensors.
Alternatively, all sensor information can be received at any one of the sensor ports provided that
the information is first multiplexed.
The sensor ports require configuration before use; this is outlined in the Commissioning Guide,
section 12, and described in detail in the Operation Manual.
The AIS must be connected to:
•
The GNSS unit used for navigation
•
The gyrocompass providing heading information
If available the following information can be connected to the AIS:
•
Rate-Of-Turn (ROT)
•
Speed over ground from bottom-referenced log
Sensor wire connection
The twisted pair shall be assigned as RxA and RxB
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Recommended cable for connection of Sensors:
Single twisted pair, shielded, PVC sheathed.
(Note: The recommended sensor cable, as supplied in the optional Installation Kit 89-038,
has four twisted pairs. Only one pair should be used.)
For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8102 or equivalent (2 pairs)
6.4.8 SEN Ports necessary sentences:
The basic requirements are:
IEC 61162-2 transmission standard
ITU-T V.11 electrical properties
Data bits 8, Stop bits 1, Parity none
Speed 4800 or 38400 baud (transponder speed is configurable)
All required as well as optional sentences are listed in the table; ensure that the connected
sensor transmits at least the required sentences (as given by IEC 61162-1):
Data
Reference datum
Positioning system:
Time of position
Latitude/longitude
Position accuracy
Speed over ground (SOG)
Course over ground (COG)
RAIM indicator
Heading
Rate of turn (ROT)
IEC 61162-1 sentence format
Preferred
Optional
DTM
GNS, GLL
GGA, RMC
VBW
RMC
GBS
HDT
ROT
VTG, RMC
VTG, OSD
6.4.9 Main and AUX high speed input/output ports
The Transponder has two high-speed communication ports. The ports are identical, the same
information is input and output on these ports. All information received and transmitted on the
VHF link will be reflected as correct IEC 61162 sentences. All error messages will also be
transmitted.
The Main port will primarily be used to connect external equipment such as ECDIS and ARPA
or another navigation information display system.
The AUX port is normally connected to the display unit, where it is looped through to drive the
Pilot Plug connector on the display unit. If a Pilot Plug is not required, the AUX port may be
disconnected from the display (at the transponder end) and may then be used as an additional
Presentation Interface (PI) port.
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6.4.10 MAIN port
Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.
For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent
Main port wire connection
The twisted pairs shall be assigned as (RxA/RxB), (TxA/TxB) and (RxCom/TxCom).
6.4.11 AUX/Pilot port
Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.
For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent
6.4.12 Pilot Plug connection
The Pilot Plug is designed to be connected to the Display. The Plug supplied with the AIS
system has the connector fitted, and needs only to be fixed and plugged in.
6.4.13 Long Range Port
The AIS Long-Range Function requires a compatible long-range communication system e.g.
Inmarsat-C. If this is available, a connection to the Inmarsat-C system can be made. It is
required that the Inmarsat-C input/output port can be interfaced using IEC 61162-2 and
understand the long-range sentences as required by IEC 61993.
Recommended cable for connection of Long Range port:
Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.
For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent
The twisted pairs shall be assigned as (RxA/RxB), (TxA/TxB) and (RxCom/TxCom)
6.4.14 RTCM port, Differential GNSS correction input/output port
The RTCM-port is the input port for differential correction. The AIS Transponder can receive
differential correction in two ways:
• The RTCM port can be connected to a DGNSS unit. The DGNSS unit will then provide
differential correction to the AIS Transponder through the RTCM port.
• Through message 17 transmitted from a base station. The RTCM port will then work as
an output port, which can supply differential correction in RTCM format to other units.
Recommended cable for connection of RTCM-port:
Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.
For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent
RTCM port wire connection
The twisted pairs shall be assigned as (RxA/RxB), (TxA/TxB) and (RxCom/TxCom)
6.4.15 Alarm relay
The AIS requires that an alarm output (relay) be connected to an audible alarm device or to the
ship’s alarm system, if available.
If any failure or malfunction is detected that will significantly reduce integrity or stop operation of
the AIS, an alarm is initiated. In this case:
• An alarm message is displayed on the display unit
• The alarm relay is activated
• The transponder health status LED turns off
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•
An appropriate alarm message is output via the presentation interface (Main and AUXports) and repeated every 30 seconds.
The AIS transponder provides a relay connection which can be selected as normally closed or
normally open contacts.
Recommended cable for connection of alarm relay:
One twisted pair, shielded, PVC sheathed. The required cable dimension is dependent on
the current necessary to activate the alarm indicator.
Built in alarm relay ratings:
Absolute maximum ratings
Maximum switching current in contacts
0.25 Amp
Maximum carry current
1.20 Amp
Maximum switching voltage
175 V (dc or ac peak)
N/C
Com
N/O
Transponder
Screw terminal board
Test Port
The test port is intended to allow easy field reprogramming of the transponder and should not
be used in normal operation.
6.5
Completion of Installation
The foregoing provides the information necessary to perform the installation. Other useful
information is contained in the sections following.
The Pre-Installation Inspection Record (Section 8) should have been completed before
installation commenced.
It is most important that the installed system is not switched on at this stage. The
inspection procedures given in the Operation Manual must be completed before power is
applied.
The Warranty and Acceptance Record can only be completed after the system is configured, as
detailed in the Operation Manual.
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7 Specification
General Data:
Power
consumption:
Power supply:
Default
frequencies:
Operating
temperature:
Storage
temperature:
Environmental:
Transponder
size/weight
VDU size/weight
GPS size/weight
Compass safe
distance
GNSS receiver:
GNSS antenna:
50 W peak
15 W average
24 V DC –10% +30%
AIS1 (CH87B)
161.975 MHz
AIS2 (CH88B)
162.025 MHz
DSC (CH70)
156.525 MHz
-15 °C to +55 °C
-20 °C to +70 °C
IEC 60945 Protected Environment
(Antennas: Exposed Environment)
331 x 274 x 100 mm, 4 kg
220 x 150 x 72 mm, 1 kg
∅ 115 mm x 76 mm, 0.25 kg
Display:
0.7 m for 1° deviation
1.2 m for 0.3° deviation
Transponder: 1.3 m for 1° deviation
2.1 m for 0.3° deviation
Used for TDMA timing. Optionally used
for navigational information.
Patch antenna with built-in 30 dB preamplifier
DSC Transmitter:
Power output:
12.5 W or 2.0 W
Frequency range:
156.025 – 162.025 MHz
Antenna
50 ohms
impedance:
TDMA Receivers:
Sensitivity:
(PER) < 20% at –107 dBm (25 kHz)
Frequency range:
156.025 – 162.025 MHz
Channel spacing:
12.5 or 25 kHz
Modulation:
GMSK
Data rate:
9600 bits/s
Frequency stability: < ± 1 ppm
DSC Receiver:
Sensitivity:
BER <10-4 at 107 dBm
Frequency range:
155.3 – 162.5 MHz
Channel spacing
25 kHz
Modulation
1300 Hz/2100 Hz - FSK
Frequency stability < ± 1 ppm
Serial inputs/outputs:
SENS1/2/3/4
IEC61162-1/2 (input only)
LONG RANGE,
IEC61162-1/2 (input & output)
MAIN,
AUX/PILOT, RTCM
Display
RS422 non-isolated
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7.1
Technical Information
7.1.1 RS-422 interfaces
The Transponder has eight RS-422 interfaces:
• 4 sensor data input ports SEN1, SEN2, SEN3 and SEN4
• 2 Bi-directional input/output ports MAIN and AUX/Pilot
• 1 Bi-directional input/output port RTCM
• 1 Bi-directional input/output port Long Range
All communication interfaces are compatible with IEC61162-1 (2000) and IEC61162-2 (1998)
standards.
7.1.2 Termination
Termination resistors are required at each end of the RS-422 connection, to match the
impedance of the line to minimise reflections. The figures quoted assume that the line is
correctly terminated, and allow for that extra loading.
7.1.3 Output drive capability
Each talker output has a capability of driving a minimum of 12 listeners on a terminated cable.
7.1.4 Input loading
Each receiver presents a load of approximately 12 kohm to the line. Line termination resistors
are 100 ohms.
7.1.5 Isolation
The interface isolation is 1 kV minimum throughout.
7.2
RTCM binary messages
The RTCM port on the transponder accepts incoming messages from a differential beacon
receiver in RTCM binary format and outputs messages in RTCM binary format. Differential
correction data received on the VHF data link (in message 17) is also output to the RTCM port
in RTCM binary format.
7.3
NMEA sentences used
The ports on the M-2 transponder accept and output different combinations of NMEA sentences
as follows:
Port
Input sentences
Output sentences
Main, Display and Aux
(“Presentation ports”)
ACA, ABM, BBM, ACK, AIR,
AIQ, LRI, LRF
ABK, ACA, ACS, ALR, LRI, lRF,
LR1, LR2, LR3, SSD, TXT, VDO,
VDM, VSD
Long Range
LRI, LRF
LRI, LRF, LR1, LR2, LR3
S1, S2, S3 and S4
(“Sensor ports”)
DTM, GBS, GGA, GLL, GNS,
HDT, RMC, ROT, VBW, VTG
None
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Decoded Sentences
The sentence types listed in the table below are decoded by the Transponder.
Formatter
Source
ABK
ABM
AIS
AIS
Primary function
Optional function
Comment
AIR
AIS
VDL Ack
Addressed binary
message
Broadcast binary
message
Interrogation
ACA
AIS
Channel assignment
ROT
HDT
VBW
GNS
GLL
RMC
GBS
VTG
GGA
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
GNSS
GNSS
GNSS
GNSS
GNSS
GPS
VSD
SSD
Display
Display
Voyage data
Static data
LRF
LR
LRI
LR
Long range
interrogation
Long range
interrogation
TXT
ALR
ACK
Display
BBM
Rate of turn
Heading
SOG
Pos + time of pos
Pos + time of pos
COG
RAIM indication
Heading
Pos + time of pos, SOG
RAIM
COG, SOG
Pos + time of pos
Alarm ack
Position Sensor Priority List
Priority (Highest first)
External Differential GNSS
Internal Differential GNSS (msg17)
Internal Differential GNSS (RTCM )
External GNSS
Internal GNSS
Manual input
None available
Sources
GNS, GLL,
GNS, GLL,
GNS, GLL,
GNS, GLL,
GNS, GLL,
RMC,
RMC,
RMC,
RMC,
RMC,
GGA
GGA
GGA
GGA
GGA
Notes:
RAIM indication requires a valid GBS message from the sensor currently in use.
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7.4
Message structures
Message structures are shown in the format used in IEC 61162-1
7.4.1 ABK - AIS addressed and binary broadcast acknowledgement
The ABK sentence is output by the transponder on the presentation ports in response to the
receipt of an ABM, AIR or BBM sentence. Its purpose is to inform the requesting device about
the success or failure of its request.
$--ABK,xxxxxxxxx,x,x.x,x,x*hh
Type of acknowledgement
Message sequence number
M.1371 Message ID
AIS channel of reception
MMSI of the addressed AIS unit
7.4.2 ABM – AIS addressed binary and safety related message
This sentence is used to transmit M.1371 messages 6 (binary addressed) or 12 (addressed
safety related) via the AIS system by encapsulating the M.1371 message within one or more
AIS sentences.
$--ABM,x,x,x,xxxxxxxxx,x,xx,s—s,x*hh
number of fill-bits
encapsulated data
M.1371 Message ID (6 or 12)
AIS channel
MMSI of the destination AIS unit
sequential message identifier
sentence number
total number of sentences
When the transponder receives an ABM sentence from an external device, it will return an ABK
sentence to indicate the success or failure of the transmission attempt.
7.4.3
ACA – AIS channel assignment message
$--ACA,x,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xxxx,x,xxxx,x,x,x,a,x,hhmmss.ss*hh
time of “in use” change
in-use Flag
information source
power level control
Tx/Rx mode control
channel B bandwidth
channel B
channel A bandwidth
channel A
transition zone size
region southwest corner longitude, E/W
region southwest corner latitude, N/S
region northeast corner longitude, E/W
region northeast corner latitude, N/S
sequence number
The ACA sentence is used both to send channel management information to the transponder
and to obtain channel management information from it.
7.4.4 ACK – Acknowledge alarm
This sentence is used to acknowledge an alarm condition.
$--ACK,xxx*hh
alarm ID
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7.4.5 ACS - AIS channel management information source
This sentence is used in conjunction with the ACA sentence. It identifies the originator of the
information contained in the ACA sentence and the date and time when the transponder
received that information.
$--ACS,x,xxxxxxxxx,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,xxxx*hh
day, month, year
UTC of receipt of information
MMSI of originator
sequence number
7.4.6 AIR – AIS interrogation request
The interrogation request sentence allows an external to request certain M.1371 messages
from other remote devices via the AIS system.
$--AIR,xxxxxxxxx,x.x,x,x.x,x,xxxxxxxxx,x.x,x*hh
message sub-section
number of messages requested from station-2
MMSI of interrogated station-2
message sub-section
number of second message requested from station-1
message sub-section
M.1371 message requested from station-1
MMSI of interrogated station
When the transponder receives an AIR sentence it sends M.1371 interrogation messages (type
15) to the addressed station(s) and returns an ABK sentence to the requesting device indicating
that the transmission is complete.
7.4.7 ALR – Alarm condition and status
This sentence is sent by the transponder to all presentation ports order to report an alarm
condition on a device. It identifies the source of the alarm, whether it has been acknowledged or
not and the time at which the condition changed.
$--ALR,hhmmss.ss,xxx,A,A,c--c*hh
descriptive text
acknowledge state
alarm condition
alarm source
time of condition change
This sentence is sent by the transponder whenever a new alarm is raised or its condition
changes state. It is also sent periodically even when there are no active alarms In order to
provide a positive indication of the current status of each alarm.
7.4.8 BBM - AIS broadcast binary message
The BBM sentence allows an external device to instruct the transponder to broadcast a block of
binary data in an M.1371 binary broadcast message (type 8) or a safety related broadcast
message (type 14).
!--BBM,x,x,x,x,x.x,s—s,x*hh
number of fill-bits
encapsulated data
M.1371 message ID
AIS channel for broadcast of the radio message
sequential message identifier
sentence number
total number of sentences needed to transfer message
When the transponder receives one or more BBM sentences from an external device, is deencapsulates the encoded data and re-assembles an M.1371 message of type 8 or 14 and then
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transmits it over the VDL (if possible). It then sends an ABK sentence back to the requesting
device to indicate whether the transmission of the message s ucceeded or failed.
7.4.9 DTM – Datum reference
Local geodetic datum and datum offsets from a reference datum.
$--DTM,ccc,a,x.x,a,x.x,a,x.x,ccc*hh
Reference datum
Altitude offset, m
Lon offset, min, E/W
Lat offset, min, N/S
Local datum subdivision code
Local datum
Note that the only datum supported by AIS is WGS84. The DTM sentence must be sent to the
transponder at a frequency of more than once every 30 seconds otherwise any positional
information sentences (eg GLL, GNS. RMC and GGA) will be ignored.
7.4.10 GBS – GNS satellite fault detection
This message is used to support receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM).
$--GBS,hhmmss.ss,x.x,x.x,x.x,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x,*hh
Standard deviation of bias estimate
Estimate of bias on most likely failed satellite
Probability of missed detection for most likely failed satellite
ID number of most likely failed satellite
Expected error in altitude
Expected error in longitude
Expected error in attitude
UTC time of GGA or GNS fix associated with this sentence
7.4.11 GGA – Global positioning system (GPS) fix data
Time, position and fix-related data for a GPS receiver.
$--GGA,hhmmss.ss,IIII.II,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx*hh
Differential reference
station ID
Age of differential GPS
data
Units of geoidal separation,
Geoidal separation
Units of antenna altitude, m
Antenna altitude
above/below mean sea
level (geoid)
Horizontal dilution of
precision
Number of satellites in use
GPS quality indicator
Longitude E/W
Latitude N/S
UTC of position
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7.4.12 GLL – geographic position
This sentence is a primary source of position information for the transponder when connected to
a functional GNSS system. In the absence of GNS sentences, longitude and latitude information
may also be obtained from GNS, GGA or RMC sentences.
$--GLL,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,hhmmss.ss,A,a*hh
mode indicator (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘M’ -> used; ‘N’ -> invalid)
status (‘A’ -> use mode flag; ‘V’ -> use position as default)
UTC of position
longitude, E/W
latitude, N/S
Note that DTM sentences must be received by the transponder at least once every 30 seconds
in order for the GLL sentence to be accepted.
7.4.13 GNS – GNSS fix data
The transponder may receive this sentence from other sensors and uses the information in its
own calculations of the ship’s current position.
$--GNS,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,c—c,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh
Diff reference station ID (ignored)
age of diff data (ignored)
geoidal separation (ignored)
antenna altitude (ignored)
HDOP (ignored)
number of satellites in use (ignored)
mode indicator (‘A’, D’, ‘E’, ‘M’ - used; ‘N’ - default value)
longitude, E/W
latitude, N/S
UTC of position
7.4.14 HDT – heading true
This sentence provides the actual vessel heading and may be sent by any system or device that
calculates true headings.
$--HDT,x.x,T*hh
heading, degrees true
7.4.15 LR1 - AIS long-range reply 1
The LR1 sentence identifies the destination for the reply and contains the information items
requested by the function identification character in the LRF sentence that requested the
information.
$--LR1,x,xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxx,c—c,c—c,xxxxxxxxx*hh
IMO number
call sign
ship’s name
MMSI of requestor (reply
destination)
MMSI of responder
sequence number
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7.4.16 LR2 - AIS long-range reply 2
The LR2 sentence contains further information items that can be requested in an LRF sentence.
$--LR2,x,xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxx,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x.x,T,x.x,N*hh
speed over ground, Knots
course over ground, deg
True
longitude, E/W
latitude, N/S
UTC time of position
date
MMSI of responder
sequence number
7.4.17 LR3 - AIS long-range reply 3
The LR3 sentence contains further information items that can be requested in an LRF sentence.
$--LR3,x,xxxxxxxxx,c—c,xxxxxx,hhmmss.ss,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh
persons
ship type
ship breadth
ship length
ship/cargo
draught
ETA time
ETA date
voyage destination
MMSI of responder
sequence number
7.4.18 LRF - AIS long-range function
This sentence is used in both long-range interrogation requests and long-range interrogation
replies. The LRF-sentence is the second sentence of the long-range interrogation request pair
LRI and LRF.
The LRF sentence is also the first sentence of the long-range interrogation reply. The minimum
reply consists of an LRF sentence followed by a LR1 sentence. The LR2 sentence and/or the
LR3 sentences follow the LR1 sentence if information provided in these sentences was
requested by the interrogation.
$--LRF,x,xxxxxxxxx,c—c,c—c,c—c*hh
function reply status
function request
name of requestor
MMSI of requestor
sequence number
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7.4.19 LRI - AIS long-range interrogation
Long-range interrogation is a mechanism that allows one AIS unit to request certain data from
another AIS unit through the use of a number of interrogation and reply sentences.
When the transponder receives an LRI and LRF sentence pair on its Long Range port, it
forwards them on to all the presentation ports. If the transponder has been configured to provide
and automatic response to the interrogation then it does so; otherwise it waits for the sentences
to be returned to it (on any presentation port) before responding.
$--LRI,x,a,xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxx,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a*hh
longitude, E/W (SW coordinate)
latitude, N/S (SW coordinate)
longitude, E/W (NE co-ordinate)
latitude, N/S (NE co-ordinate)
MMSI of destination
MMSI of requestor
control flag
sequence number
7.4.20 RMC – recommended minimum specific GNSS data
This sentence is used to transmit the time, data, position, course and speed data from a GNSS
navigation receiver. The sentence is transmitted at least once every two seconds from GNSS
device(s) and is always accompanied by an RMB sentence when a destination waypoint is
active.
$--RMC,hhmmss.ss,A,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x.x,x.x,xxxxxx,x.x,a,a*hh
mode indicator (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘M’ ->
used; ‘N’ -> invalid)
magnetic variation
date
course over ground
speed over ground
londitude, E/W
latitude, N/S
status (‘A’ -> use mode field; ‘V’ ->
use fields as default values)
UTC of position fix
Note that RMC has priority over VTG.
7.4.21 ROT – rate of turn
This sentence provides the rate and direction of turn.
$--ROT,x.x,A*hh
status (‘A’ -> rate of turn is valid)
rate of turn
7.4.22 TXT – text transmission
This sentence is used for transmitting text messages such as alarm messages from a sensor or
the transponder to any presentation display device such as the M-2 display unit.
$--TXT,xx,xx,xx,c--c*hh
text message
text identifier
message number
total number of messages
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7.4.23 VBW – Dual ground/water speed
S—VBW,x.x,x.x,A,x.x,x.x,A,x.x,A,x.x,A*hh
Status: stern ground speed
Stern traverse ground speed
Status: stern water speed
Stern traverse water speed
Status: ground speed
Traverse ground speed
Longitudinal ground speed
Status: water speed
Traverse water speed
Longitudinal water speed
Longitudinal ground speed – used
Transverse ground speed – used
Status of ground speed - used
Other fields ignored
7.4.24 VDM – VHF data link message
This sentence is output by the transponder each time it receives an incoming message over the
VHF data link. The VDM sentence encapsulates a part of an M.1371 message, and several
VDM sentences may need to be decoded and re-assembled in order to re-construct the original
M.1371 message.
!--VDM,x,x,x,a,s—s,x*hh
number of fill-bits
encapsulated ITU-R M.1371 radio message
AIS Channel
sequential message identifier
sentence number
total number of sentences needed to transfer message
7.4.25 VDO - AIS VHF Data-link own-vessel report
This sentence is output to all the presentation ports at regular intervals and contains the
contents of the transponders own-vessel report.
Each time the transponder transmits an own-vessel report, it encapsulates the M.1371 message
in one or more VDO sentences and outputs them on its presentation ports.
!--VDO,x,x,x,a,s—s,x*hh
number of fill-bits
encapsulated ITU-R M.1371 radio message
AIS Channel (‘A’ or ‘B’)
sequential message identifier
sentence number
total number of sentences needed to transfer message
The transponder outputs one VDO sentence every second in addition to echoing all transmitted
VDO sentences as they are transmitted in order to provide frequent updates to all connected
presentation devices. VDO sentences which have also been transmitted contain the appropriate
AIS channel indicator whereas VDO sentences that have not been transmitted contain a NULL
field for the channel indicator.
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7.4.26 VSD – AIS voyage static data
This sentence may be output by the transponder in response to a query.
$--VSD,x.x,x.x,x.x,c—c,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,x.x,x.x*hh
regional application flags
navigational status
estimated month of arrival at destination
estimated day of arrival at destination
estimated UTC of arrival at destination
destination
persons on-board
maximum present static draught
type of ship and cargo category
7.4.27 VTG – course over ground and ground speed
This sentence contains the actual course and speed relative to the ground.
$--VTG,x.x,T,x.x,M,x.x,N,x.x,K,a*hh
mode indicator
speed over ground, km/h (ignored)
speed over ground, knots
course over ground, degrees magnetic (ignored)
course over ground, degrees true
Note that RMC has priority over VTG.
7.4.28 VSD – AIS voyage static data
This sentence is output by the transponder in response to a query and contains the Ship’s
voyage data.
$--VSD,x.x,x.x,x.x,c—c,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,x.x,x.x*hh
regional application flags
navigational status
estimated month of arrival at destination
estimated day of arrival at destination
estimated UTC of arrival at destination
destination
persons on-board
maximum present static draught
type of ship and cargo category
7.5
General faults & error messages
An ALR-sentence is used to indicate a failure or malfunction that will significantly reduce
integrity or stop operation of M2. The Alarm messages generated are IEC61162-1 compliant
“$AIALR”-sentences on the Presentation Interface output ports.
The parameters of this sentence are:
Time of alarm condition change (UTC)
Unique alarm number (identifier) at alarm source
Alarm condition
Alarm acknowledge state
Alarm description text
and are set according to the table following.
The "alarm condition" field is set to "A" when the alarm condition threshold is exceeded, and "V"
when the alarm condition returns to a level that does not exceed the threshold. A continuing
healthy status “V” is sent out at 1 minute intervals.
NOTE: When all alarm conditions are healthy, a special single message is sent at 1 minute
intervals.
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ALARM DESCRIPTION
TEXT
AIS: Tx malfunction
AIS: Antenna VSWR
exceeds limit
AIS: Rx channel 1
malfunction
ALARM ID OR
TEXT DENTIFIER
001
002
REACTION OF THE SYSTEM TO THE ALARM
CONDITION WHEN THRESHOLD EXCEEDED
Stop transmission
Continue operation
003
Stop transmission on affected channel
AIS: Rx channel 2
malfunction
AIS: Rx channel 70
malfunction
AIS: general failure
AIS: Display connection
lost
AIS: external EPFS lost
AIS: no sensor position
in use
AIS: no valid SOG
information
AIS: no valid COG
information
AIS: Heading
lost/invalid
AIS: no valid ROT
information
004
Stop transmission on affected channel
005
Stop transmission on affected channel
006
008
Stop transmission
Continue operation with "DTE" set to "1"
025
026
Continue operation
Continue operation
029
Continue operation using default data
030
Continue operation using default data
032
Continue operation using default data
035
Continue operation using default data
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AIS Installation Manual
8 Serial interface communications protocols
The Transponder has eight RS-422 interfaces:
• 4 sensor data input ports SEN1, SEN2, SEN3 and SEN4
• 2 Bi-directional input/output ports MAIN and AUX/Pilot
• 1 Bi-directional input/output port RTCM
• 1 Bi-directional input/output port Long Range
8.1
Sensor data interface
The Sensor data input ports receive navigational data in NMEA–0183 format from the
connected sensors. The connected sensors can be a GNSS unit used for navigation, a
gyrocompass and a bottom track log. These data are processed in the AIS unit and transmitted
as dynamic data. The data received by other stations over the VHF link form an image of the
sensor data. It is therefore vital that the sensor data are correct and that the port is correctly
configured.
Navigational data must be received via the sensor ports within certain intervals; the maximum
intervals are listed in the table below. If NMEA sentences containing identical information arrive
at the sensor input ports, the AIS Transponder will choose the information with the highest
priority level.
The built-in GNSS unit will under normal conditions only be used for TDMA slot timing. However
if no data are received from the external sensors, the built-in GNSS unit can be set to take over
automatically and supply navigational information for the VHF data link transmission. The
changeover between internal GNSS information and external sensor information happens
automatically. Information received from the external sensors has priority and will always be
used when available.
Messages received and interpreted from sensors:
Data type
Date
UTC
Max update
interval [s]
NMEA application
Default parameter value
Year 2000, month. 0, day 0
24:60:60
Lat, Lon
Datum
SOG,
COG
Altitude
Heading
Turn rate
RAIM
30
RMC
GNS, RMC, GGA,
GLL
GNS, RMC, GGA,
GLL
DTM
RMC, VBW
10
10
10
GNS
HDT
ROT
GBS
91°00′00″ nl, 181°00′00″ wl
Not defined
102.3, 360°
4095
511
-128
Ok
Route plans with positions are transmitted in RTE (Routes) and WPL (Waypoint location)
sentences. There is no update interval for these data, therefore the last updated Route plan will
be kept in memory until data are updated or the power is switched off, as the data are not kept
in the permanent memory.
8.2
Main and AUX port reception and transmission of AIS data
Specific AIS Transponder functions are available via the Main and AUX ports. The ports are
identical and will transmit all received VDL (VHF Data Link) messages as well as Transponder
AIS Installation Manual
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error messages. A request for information may be sent from equipment connected to the Main
and AUX ports, ether a request for information or a request for the Transponder to carry out a
specific task. The communication protocol is text, but in non-readable sentences which contain
compressed binary data.
The Transponder Main/AUX input port can accept requests:
• To send a short text message or a small binary data array to a specified address (MMSI)
or as a broadcast message
• To send a static or voyage information request to a specified address (MMSI)
• To change AIS radio frequencies and/or parameters of access to AIS channels (radiating
power, frequency band etc.)
The Transponder Main/AUX input port can accept:
• Static and voyage related data
• Navigation or dynamic data, similar to sensors data interface
• Error situation message acknowledgement
The Transponder Main/AUS output port can transmit:
• Notifications about every VHF message received and transmitted via AIS channels with
the VHF message included
• Acknowledgement of requests from other stations
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AIS Installation Manual
9 Warranty Registration & Acceptance Record
IMPORTANT! To validate product warranty, please fax a completed copy of this form to: McMurdo Customer Services on +44 23 9262 3824
Vessel Data
Vessel Name
Flag State
Owner / Company
Radio Call Sign
On-Board Contact 1
Name
Telephone
Number(s)
Office:
On-Board Contact 2
Name
Telephone
Number(s)
Office:
Part No.
Description
35-081-001A
Transponder
35-080-001A
Display unit
89-028
Gyro Interface Unit
89-029
AC/DC Converter
Scope Of Supply
Serial No.
GSM:
GSM:
Qty
Location
General Setup
MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity)
IMO (International Maritime
Organisation)
RAIM Present (Automatically Selected)
User password
Yes
No
(20 characters max)
Operator Password (20 characters max)
Service Password
AIS Installation Manual
(20 characters max)
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43
Vessel Name
Vessel and GNSS dimensions
Vessel length
Metres
Vessel beam
Metres
Internal
GNSS
External
GNSS A
External
GNSS B
GNSS antenna distance to Stern
Metres
GNSS antenna distance to Port side
Metres
RS-422 Setup
Port
General
Baud rate
Port
General
Baud rate
Main
On
Off
4800
38400
Sen 1
On
Off 4800
38400
Aux
On
Off
4800
38400
Sen 2
On
Off 4800
38400
LR
On
Off
4800
38400
Sen 3
On
Off 4800
38400
RTCM
On
Off
4800
38400
Sen 4
On
Off 4800
38400
Installers Data
Company Name
Stamp:
Technician’s Name
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
City / Town
Province / State
Post / Zip Code
Country
This is an acceptance record of the installation and commissioning of the AIS on-board
the above-mentioned vessel. 24-months Warranty is valid on signing this form.
Installer’s Signature
Owners Representative’s
Signature
Installer’s Name
Owners Representative’s
Name
44
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Commissioning Date
AIS Installation Manual
10 Pre-Installation Inspection Record
1. Vessel Data (
Tick appropriately )
Vessel Name
IMO Number
Flag State
MMSI Number
Owner / Company
Radio Call Sign
On-Board Contact
Telephone Number(s)
Name & Position
Office:
GSM:
Shore-based Contact
Telephone Number(s)
Name & Position
Office:
GSM:
Type of Vessel
L.O.A
Gross Tonnage
gt
Beam
Comments:
2. Installation (
Tick appropriately )
Ship’s Emergency Power Source & Location
Cable length to Transponder =
12 V DC
24 V DC
50 Hz
110 V AC
220 V AC
60 Hz
Optional AC to DC Converter (89-029) Required
AIS Transponder Proposed Location
AIS Display Proposed Location
4 Twisted Pair + Drain Cable length to Transponder
AIS GNSS Antenna Proposed Location
RG58 Cable length to Transponder =
Optional Antenna Adapter (89-362) Required
AIS VHF Antenna Proposed Location
RG214 Cable length to Transponder =
Optional VHF Antenna (89-020-001) Required
Optional Antenna Mast Mount (903-01) Required
Optional Antenna Mast/Bulkhead Mount (903-02) Required
AIS Pilot Plug* Proposed Location
Cable length to Transponder =
Ship’s Ground Connection Location
Cable length to Transponder =
Ship’s Alarm Panel Location
Cable length to Transponder =
* If a Pilot Plug is fitted, a mains power supply for a PC should be made available nearby
Optional Installation Kit (89-038) Required
Comments:
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Bridge Layout Drawing: Position of all parts & interface pick-off points
3. Heading Sensor(s)* (
Source
Tick appropriately )
Option A
Option B
Manufacturer
Model
Type
Output NMEA Message
GyroCompass
GyroCompass
GNSS Compass
Fluxgate Compass
Fluxgate Compass
Transmitting Magnetic Compass
Transmitting Magnetic Compass
Required:-
Required:-
IEC 61162-2 RS422
HDT
Optional:-
If no NMEA
Optional Gyro Interface
Unit (89-028) Required
GNSS Compass
ROT**
OSD
Optional:-
Synchro
Ratio -
90:1
ROT**
OSD
Synchro
Reference Voltage =
Phase Voltage =
HDT
Reference Voltage =
Frequency =
180:1
Phase Voltage =
360:1
Ratio -
90:1
Frequency =
180:1
360:1
Stepper
Stepper
Positive Step
Negative Step
Step Voltage =
Positive Step
Negative Step
Step Voltage =
Ratio -
90:1
180:1
360:1
Ratio -
90:1
180:1
360:1
Location
Cable length to
Transponder
* Heading information is a mandatory sensor input to the AIS. A converter will be needed if the ship’s compass has no IEC61162 output.
** If a rate-of-turn indicator is available and it includes an IEC61162 output it should be connected to the AIS
Comments:
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Issue 1
AIS Installation Manual
4. Position Sensor(s)* (
Source
Tick appropriately )
Option A
Option B
Manufacturer
Model
Type
Output NMEA Message
GPS
GLONASS
Required:-
DTM
RMC
IEC 61162-2 RS422
GBS
Differential
GNS
RTE
Optional:-
GPS
GLL
WPL
GLONASS
Required:GLL
RMC
GGA
Differential
DTM
GNS
GBS
RTE
WPL
Optional:-
GGA
Location
Cable length to
Transponder
Antenna Location
External Position Source
GNSS Antenna
AIS Internal Position
Source GNSS Antenna
Dimension
Limits
A = Distance to Bow
0- 511 m
B = Distance to Stern
0 – 511 m
C = Dist. to Port-Side
0 – 63 m
D = Dist. to Starboard
0 – 63 m
* Position information is a mandatory sensor input to the AIS.
Comments:
5. Speed Sensor(s)* (
Source
Tick appropriately )
Option A
Option B
Manufacturer
Model
Type
Output NMEA Message
Bottom Track Log
Required:-
Bottom Track Log
VBW
Required:-
VBW
IEC 611622-2 RS422
Location
Cable length to
Transponder
* If a Bottom Track Log is available and it includes an IEC61162 output it should be connected to the AIS.
Comments:
AIS Installation Manual
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47
6. ARPA / ATA RADAR(s) (
Source
Tick appropriately )
Option A
Option B
Manufacturer
Model
Type
In/Output NMEA
Message
IEC 61162-2 RS422
Location
Cable length to
Transponder
Comments:
7. ECDIS / ECS(s) (
Source
Tick appropriately )
Option A
Option B
Manufacturer
Model
Type
In/Output NMEA
Message
IEC 61162-2 RS422
Location
Cable length to
Transponder
Comments:
8. Notes
Include comments relative to installation: Cable routing, Deck glands to be opened, Hot work required, Interfacing, Mounting, Earthing,
etc…
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AIS Installation Manual
11 Glossary
4S
AIS
ALM
ANT
ARPA
ATA
AtoN
AUTO
AUX
BAT
BIIT
BRG
BRILL
CG
CH
CHG
CLR
CNCL
CNS
COG
CONTR
CPA
CPU
CSE
DEL
DEST
DG
DGLONASS
DGNSS
DGPS
DISP
DIST
DSC
DTE
ECDIS
ECS
EGNOS
ENC
ENT
EPA
EPFS
EPIRB
ERR
ETA
EXT
FCC
FREQ
GLO or
GLONASS
GMDSS
GND
GNSS
GPS
GYRO
HDG
HS
HSC
I/O
IBS
ID
IEC
IMO
IN
INFO
INS
ITU-R
Ship-to-Ship & Ship-to-Shore
Automatic Identification System
Alarm
Antenna
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
Automatic Tracking Aid
Aid to Navigation
Automatic
Auxiliary
Battery
Built-In Integrity Test
Bearing
Display Brilliance
Coast Guard
Channel
Change
Clear
Cancel
Communication, Navigation & Surveillance
Course Over Ground
Contrast
Closest Point of Approach
Central Processing Unit
Course
Delete
Destination
Dangerous Goods
Differential GLONASS
Differential GNSS
Differential GPS
Display
Distance
Digital Selective Calling
Data Terminal Equipment
Electronic Chart Display and Information
System
Electronic Chart System
European Geo-stationary Navigational
Overlay System
Electronic Navigation Chart
Enter
Electronic Plotting Aid
Electronic Position Fixing System
Electronic Position Indicating Radio
Beacon
Error
Estimated Time of Arrival
External
Federal Communications Commission
Frequency
Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite
System
Global Maritime Distress and Safety
System
Ground
Global Navigation Satellite System
Global Positioning System
Gyro Compass
Heading
Hazardous Substances
High Speed Craft
Input / Output
Integrated Bridge System
Identification
International Electotechnical Commission
International Maritime Organisation
Input
Information
Integrated Navigation System
International Telecommunications Union –
Radiocommunications Bureaux
AIS Installation Manual
KN
L/L
LAT
LON
LOST TGT
MAG
MAN
MED
MF/HF
MID
MIN
MKD
MMSI
MOB
MP
NAV
NM
NUC
OOW
OS
OUT
PI
POSN
PPU
PWR
RAIM
RNG
RORO
ROT
RR
RTCM
RTE
Rx
SAR
SEL
SOG
SPD
SPEC
STBD
STBY
STW
TCPA
TDMA
TGT
TPR
TRK
TSS
TTG
Tx
Tx/Rx
AIS
UHF
UTC
VDU
VHF
VOY
VSWR
VTS
WAAS
WCV
WGS
WIG
WPT
Issue 1
Knots
Latitude / Longitude
Latitude
Longitude
Lost Target
Metres
Magnetic
Manual
Marine Equipment Directive
Medium Frequency/High Frequency
Maritime Identification Digit
Minimum
Minimum Keyboard and Display
Maritime Mobile Service Identity
Man Overboard
Marine Pollutant
Navigation
Nautical Mile
Not Under Command
Officer Of the Watch
Own Ship
Output
Presentation Interface
Position
Portable Pilot Unit
Power
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
Range
Roll On, Roll Off
Rate Of Turn
Range Rings
Radio Technical Commission for Maritime
services
Route
Receive / Receiver
Search And Rescue
Select
Speed Over Ground
Speed
Specification
Starboard
Standby
Speed Through Water
Time to Closest Point of Approach
Time Division Multiple Access
Target
Transponder
Track
Traffic Separation Scheme
Time To Go
Transmit / Transmitter
Transceiver
Universal Automatic Identification System
Ultra High Frequency
Universal Time Co-ordinate
Visual Display Unit
Very High Frequency
Voyage
Virtual Standing Wave Ratio
Vessel Traffic Systems
Wide Area Augmentation System
Waypoint Closure Velocity
World Geodetic System
Wing In Ground
Waypoint
49
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AIS Installation Manua
12 Commissioning guide
The sequence of operations given here MUST be performed in order to set essential
parameters of the AIS system, and to make it operational.
The Operation manual contains detailed information on the method of setting these parameters.
Refer to that manual if difficulty is found with any of the outline steps given below.
1. select “Setup mode: Ship's static data” by pressing and holding 'ENTER'
2. select “edit SHIP'S DATA”
3. enter service mode by using the service password (default 'SERVICE')
4. go to page "Setup mode: Configuration"
5. change the baud rate of each serial port in turn to match the baud rate of the external
equipment connected to that port
6. go to page “Setup mode: Ship’s static data”
7. enter valid data for 'MMSI', 'IMO', 'vessel' & 'call sign'
8. select 'vessel type'
9. enter 'beam' & 'length'
10. enter internal & external GNSS antenna positions
11. press 'Save SHIP'S DATA' to save settings
CAUTION: as soon as a valid MMSI number is saved, the AIS will begin operation. Allow at
least 2 minutes for the system to initialise and obtain a valid GNSS fix.
The next stage is to check that the sensors are operational.
12. select “Voyage mode: Current status”
13. check that all available sensors are recognised
14. temporarily disconnect the external GNSS signal (This will cause an alarm.)
15. check that the internal GNSS is providing data, and that the display indicates the
GNSS source as internal
16. reconnect the external GNSS signal. Check that the GNSS source is now external
Now change the service password:
17. select “Setup mode: Ship's static data”
18. select “edit SHIP'S DATA”
19. enter current service password (default 'SERVICE')
20. enter new password in 'change password' field
21. enter new password in ‘confirm password' field
22. press 'verify password' to store the new service password
This completes the entry of required parameters. The M-2 system is now fully operational.
If it becomes necessary to disable an alarm, refer to the Operation manual.
AIS Installation Manual
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51

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