HTML5 Quick Guide
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HTML5 - QUICK GUIDE
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HTML5 - OVERVIEW
HTML5 is the next major revision of the HTML standard superseding HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, and
XHTML 1.1. HTML5 is a standard for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web.
HTML5 is a cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium W3C and the Web Hypertext
Application Technology Working Group WHATWG.
The new standard incorporates features like video playback and drag-and-drop that have been
previously dependent on third-party browser plug-ins such as Adobe Flash, Microsoft Silverlight,
and Google Gears.
Browser Support
The latest versions of Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera all support many
HTML5 features and Internet Explorer 9.0 will also have support for some HTML5 functionality.
The mobile web browsers that come pre-installed on iPhones, iPads, and Android phones all have
excellent support for HTML5.
New Features
HTML5 introduces a number of new elements and attributes that helps in building a modern
website. Following are great features introduced in HTML5.
New Semantic Elements − These are like , , and .
Forms 2.0 − Improvements to HTML web forms where new attributes have been introduced
for tag.
Persistent Local Storage − To achieve without resorting to third-party plugins.
WebSocket − A a next-generation bidirectional communication technology for web
applications.
Server-Sent Events − HTML5 introduces events which flow from web server to the web
browsers and they are called Server-Sent Events SSE.
Canvas − This supports a two-dimensional drawing surface that you can program with
JavaScript.
Audio & Video − You can embed audio or video on your web pages without resorting to
third-party plugins.
Geolocation − Now visitors can choose to share their physical location with your web
application.
Microdata − This lets you create your own vocabularies beyond HTML5 and extend your
web pages with custom semantics.
Drag and drop − Drag and drop the items from one location to another location on a the
same webpage.
Backward Compatibility
HTML5 is designed, as much as possible, to be backward compatible with existing web browsers.
New features build on existing features and allow you to provide fallback content for older
browsers.
It is suggested to detect support for individual HTML5 features using a few lines of JavaScript.
If you are not familiar with any previous version of HTML, I would recommend to go through our
HTML Tutorial before you explore further concepts of HTM5.
HTML5 - SYNTAX
The HTML 5 language has a "custom" HTML syntax that is compatible with HTML 4 and XHTML1
documents published on the Web, but is not compatible with the more esoteric SGML features of
HTML 4.
HTML 5 does not have the same syntax rules as XHTML where we needed lower case tag names,
quoting our attributes,an attribute had to have a value and to close all empty elements.
But HTML5 is coming with lots of flexibility and would support the followings −
Uppercase tag names.
Quotes are optional for attributes.
Attribute values are optional.
Closing empty elements are optional.
The DOCTYPE
DOCTYPEs in older versions of HTML were longer because the HTML language was SGML based
and therefore required a reference to a DTD.
HTML 5 authors would use simple syntax to specify DOCTYPE as follows −
All the above syntax is case-insensitive.
Character Encoding
HTML 5 authors can use simple syntax to specify Character Encoding as follows −
All the above syntax is case-insensitive.
The
HTML 5 removes extra information required and you can use simply following syntax −
The tag
So far you were writing as follows −
HTML 5 removes extra information required and you can use simply following syntax −
HTML5 Elements
HTML5 elements are marked up using start tags and end tags. Tags are delimited using angle
brackets with the tag name in between.
The difference between start tags and end tags is that the latter includes a slash before the tag
name.
Following is the example of an HTML5 element −
...
HTML5 tag names are case insensitive and may be written in all uppercase or mixed case,
although the most common convention is to stick with lower case.
Most of the elements contain some content like ...
contains a paragraph. Some elements,
however, are forbidden from containing any content at all and these are known as void elements.
For example, br, hr, link and meta etc.
Here is a complete list of HTML5 Elements.
HTML5 Attributes
Elements may contain attributes that are used to set various properties of an element.
Some attributes are defined globally and can be used on any element, while others are defined for
specific elements only. All attributes have a name and a value and look like as shown below in the
example.
Following is the example of an HTML5 attributes which illustrates how to mark up a div element
with an attribute named class using a value of "example" −
...
Attributes may only be specified within start tags and must never be used in end tags.
HTML5 attributes are case insensitive and may be written in all upper case or mixed case,
although the most common convention is to stick with lower case.
Here is a complete list of HTML5 Attributes.
HTML5 Document
The following tags have been introduced for better structure −
section − This tag represents a generic document or application section. It can be used
together with h1-h6 to indicate the document structure.
article − This tag represents an independent piece of content of a document, such as a blog
entry or newspaper article.
aside − This tag represents a piece of content that is only slightly related to the rest of the
page.
header − This tag represents the header of a section.
footer − This tag represents a footer for a section and can contain information about the
author, copyright information, etc.
nav − This tag represents a section of the document intended for navigation.
dialog − This tag can be used to mark up a conversation.
figure − This tag can be used to associate a caption together with some embedded content,
such as a graphic or video.
The markup for an HTM 5 document would look like the following −
...
...
...
...
Once article can have multiple sections
aside part of the web page
This will produce following result −
HTML5 - ATTRIBUTES
As explained in previous chapter, elements may contain attributes that are used to set various
properties of an element.
Some attributes are defined globally and can be used on any element, while others are defined for
specific elements only. All attributes have a name and a value and look like as shown below in the
example.
Following is the example of an HTML5 attributes which illustrates how to mark up a div element
with an attribute named class using a value of "example" −
...
Attributes may only be specified within start tags and must never be used in end tags.
HTML5 attributes are case insensitive and may be written in all uppercase or mixed case, although
the most common convention is to stick with lowercase.
Standard Attributes
The attributes listed below are supported by almost all the HTML 5 tags.
Attribute
Options
Function
accesskey
User Defined
Specifies a keyboard shortcut to access an element.
align
right, left, center
Horizontally aligns tags
background
URL
Places an background image behind an element
bgcolor
numeric,
hexidecimal, RGB
values
Places a background color behind an element
class
User Defined
Classifies an element for use with Cascading Style
Sheets.
contenteditable
true, false
Specifies if the user can edit the element's content or
not.
contextmenu
Menu id
Specifies the context menu for an element.
data-XXXX
User Defined
Custom attributes. Authors of a HTML document can
define their own attributes. Must start with "data-".
draggable
true,false, auto
Specifies whether or not a user is allowed to drag an
element.
height
Numeric Value
Specifies the height of tables, images, or table cells.
hidden
hidden
Specifies whether element should be visible or not.
id
User Defined
Names an element for use with Cascading Style Sheets.
item
List of elements
Used to group elements.
itemprop
List of items
Used to group items.
spellcheck
true, false
Specifies if the element must have it's spelling or
grammar checked.
style
CSS Style sheet
Specifies an inline style for an element.
subject
User define id
Specifies the element's corresponding item.
tabindex
Tab number
Specifies the tab order of an element.
title
User Defined
"Pop-up" title for your elements.
valign
top, middle,
bottom
Vertically aligns tags within an HTML element.
width
Numeric Value
Specifies the width of tables, images, or table cells.
For a complete list of HTML5 Tags and related attributes please check reference to HTML5 Tags.
Custom Attributes
A new feature being introduced in HTML 5 is the addition of custom data attributes.
A custom data attribute starts with data- and would be named based on your requirement.
Following is the simple example −
...
The above will be perfectly valid HTML5 with two custom attributes called data-subject and datalevel. You would be able to get the values of these attributes using JavaScript APIs or CSS in similar
way as you get for standard attributes.
HTML5 - EVENTS
When a user visit your website, they do things like click on text and images and given links, hover
over things etc. These are examples of what JavaScript calls events.
We can write our event handlers in Javascript or vbscript and you can specify these event handlers
as a value of event tag attribute. The HTML5 specification defines various event attributes as listed
below −
There are following attributes which can be used to trigger any javascript or vbscript code given
as value, when there is any event occurs for any HTM5 element.
We would cover element specific events while discussing those elements in detail in subsequent
chapters.
Attribute
Value
Description
offline
script
Triggers when the document goes offline
onabort
script
Triggers on an abort event
onafterprint
script
Triggers after the document is printed
onbeforeonload
script
Triggers before the document loads
onbeforeprint
script
Triggers before the document is printed
onblur
script
Triggers when the window loses focus
oncanplay
script
Triggers when media can start play, but might has to stop for
buffering
oncanplaythrough
script
Triggers when media can be played to the end, without stopping
for buffering
onchange
script
Triggers when an element changes
onclick
script
Triggers on a mouse click
oncontextmenu
script
Triggers when a context menu is triggered
ondblclick
script
Triggers on a mouse double-click
ondrag
script
Triggers when an element is dragged
ondragend
script
Triggers at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter
script
Triggers when an element has been dragged to a valid drop
target
ondragleave
script
Triggers when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover
script
Triggers when an element is being dragged over a valid drop
target
ondragstart
script
Triggers at the start of a drag operation
ondrop
script
Triggers when dragged element is being dropped
ondurationchange
script
Triggers when the length of the media is changed
onemptied
script
Triggers when a media resource element suddenly becomes
empty.
onended
script
Triggers when media has reach the end
onerror
script
Triggers when an error occur
onfocus
script
Triggers when the window gets focus
onformchange
script
Triggers when a form changes
onforminput
script
Triggers when a form gets user input
onhaschange
script
Triggers when the document has change
oninput
script
Triggers when an element gets user input
oninvalid
script
Triggers when an element is invalid
onkeydown
script
Triggers when a key is pressed
onkeypress
script
Triggers when a key is pressed and released
onkeyup
script
Triggers when a key is released
onload
script
Triggers when the document loads
onloadeddata
script
Triggers when media data is loaded
onloadedmetadata
script
Triggers when the duration and other media data of a media
element is loaded
onloadstart
script
Triggers when the browser starts to load the media data
onmessage
script
Triggers when the message is triggered
onmousedown
script
Triggers when a mouse button is pressed
onmousemove
script
Triggers when the mouse pointer moves
onmouseout
script
Triggers when the mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover
script
Triggers when the mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup
script
Triggers when a mouse button is released
onmousewheel
script
Triggers when the mouse wheel is being rotated
onoffline
script
Triggers when the document goes offline
onoine
script
Triggers when the document comes online
ononline
script
Triggers when the document comes online
onpagehide
script
Triggers when the window is hidden
onpageshow
script
Triggers when the window becomes visible
onpause
script
Triggers when media data is paused
onplay
script
Triggers when media data is going to start playing
onplaying
script
Triggers when media data has start playing
onpopstate
script
Triggers when the window's history changes
onprogress
script
Triggers when the browser is fetching the media data
onratechange
script
Triggers when the media data's playing rate has changed
onreadystatechange
script
Triggers when the ready-state changes
onredo
script
Triggers when the document performs a redo
onresize
script
Triggers when the window is resized
onscroll
script
Triggers when an element's scrollbar is being scrolled
onseeked
script
Triggers when a media element's seeking attribute is no longer
true, and the seeking has ended
onseeking
script
Triggers when a media element's seeking attribute is true, and
the seeking has begun
onselect
script
Triggers when an element is selected
onstalled
script
Triggers when there is an error in fetching media data
onstorage
script
Triggers when a document loads
onsubmit
script
Triggers when a form is submitted
onsuspend
script
Triggers when the browser has been fetching media data, but
stopped before the entire media file was fetched
ontimeupdate
script
Triggers when media changes its playing position
onundo
script
Triggers when a document performs an undo
onunload
script
Triggers when the user leaves the document
onvolumechange
script
Triggers when media changes the volume, also when volume is
set to "mute"
onwaiting
script
Triggers when media has stopped playing, but is expected to
resume
HTML5 - WEB FORMS 2.0
Web Forms 2.0 is an extension to the forms features found in HTML4. Form elements and
attributes in HTML5 provide a greater degree of semantic mark-up than HTML4 and remove a
great deal of the need for tedious scripting and styling that was required in HTML4.
The element in HTML4
HTML4 input elements use the type attribute to specify the data type.HTML4 provides following
types −
Type
Description
text
A free-form text field, nominally free of line breaks.
password
A free-form text field for sensitive information, nominally free of line breaks.
checkbox
A set of zero or more values from a predefined list.
radio
An enumerated value.
submit
A free form of button initiates form submission.
file
An arbitrary file with a MIME type and optionally a file name.
image
A coordinate, relative to a particular image's size, with the extra semantic that it
must be the last value selected and initiates form submission.
hidden
An arbitrary string that is not normally displayed to the user.
select
An enumerated value, much like the radio type.
textarea
A free-form text field, nominally with no line break restrictions.
button
A free form of button which can initiates any event related to button.
Following is the simple example of using labels, radio buttons, and submit buttons −
...
...
The element in HTML5
Apart from the above mentioned attributes, HTML5 input elements introduced several new values
for the type attribute. These are listed below.
NOTE − Try all the following example using latest version of Opera browser.
Type
Description
datetime
A date and time year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fractionsofasecond encoded according
to ISO 8601 with the time zone set to UTC.
datetimelocal
A date and time year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fractionsofasecond encoded according
to ISO 8601, with no time zone information.
date
A date year, month, day encoded according to ISO 8601.
month
A date consisting of a year and a month encoded according to ISO 8601.
week
A date consisting of a year and a week number encoded according to ISO 8601.
time
A time hour, minute, seconds, fractionalseconds encoded according to ISO 8601.
number
This accepts only numerical value. The step attribute specifies the precision,
defaulting to 1.
range
The range type is used for input fields that should contain a value from a range of
numbers.
email
This accepts only email value. This type is used for input fields that should contain
an e-mail address. If you try to submit a simple text, it forces to enter only email
address in email@example.com format.
url
This accepts only URL value. This type is used for input fields that should contain a
URL address. If you try to submit a simple text, it forces to enter only URL address
either in http://www.example.com format or in http://example.com format.
The element
HTML5 introduced a new element which is used to represent the result of different types
of output, such as output written by a script.
You can use the for attribute to specify a relationship between the output element and other
elements in the document that affected the calculation forexample, asinputsorparameters. The value of
the for attribute is a space-separated list of IDs of other elements.
This will produce following result −
The placeholder attribute
HTML5 introduced a new attribute called placeholder. This attribute on and Source Exif Data:
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