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water-hammer-arresters---engineer-report

Engineer Report
Water Hammer Control
RESIDENTIAL | COMMERCIAL | INDUSTRIAL

The Science
What causes water hammer
The Solution
How to control water hammer
The Selection
Products and services available

Supply Drainage

Support Specialties

Water Hammer Control
An Explanation of and Solution to Water Hammer
Water hammer can occur in any type of piping system small, medium or large. Whether you are designing a residential condo project, a commercial office tower or an industrial laundry facility in a high-rise hotel, proper methods for water hammer control need to be employed during the design stages of construction. This Engineer Report will explain the physics of water hammer and the best methods of water hammer control for residential, commercial and industrial piping systems.

Table of Contents

Engineer Report

1 The Science
The Physics of Water Hammer PG 5
The Damage PG 7
2 The Solution
2.1 Controlling Water Hammer PG 11
2.2 Arrester Sizing Guidelines PG 12
2.3 National Model Codes PG 13
2.4 Residential Arrester Sizing & Placement PG 14
2.5 Commercial Arrester Sizing & Placement PG 16
2.6 Industrial Arrester Sizing & Placement PG 18

4 The Appendix
4.1 Certifications PG 33
4.2 Case Study - Water Hammer from a Different Angle PG 36
4.3 Arrester Installations PG 40
4.4 Spec Sheets PG 46

3 The Selection
3.1 Sioux Chief Arresters PG 21
3.2 Residential Arresters PG 22
3.3 Commercial Arresters PG 24
3.4 Industrial Arresters PG 28
3.5 Comparison PG 30

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Flowing water lines, like trains, are hard to stop quickly. While they can be stopped by a valve or faucet, the sudden stop no doubt results in a serious pressure surge. The analogy may seem extreme, yet the truth is every time a flowing water column is stopped abruptly, a small train wreck occurs in your water line. The longer the line, and the faster the flow, the more momentum the "train" will carry. Even though these collisions in your lines are small, their long-term effects can and will result in large-scale damage throughout the piping system.
2 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

The Science
Explaining the Physics of Water Hammer
This section covers the physics of uncontrolled water hammer and its damaging effects as they pertain to any piping system. We also review the history of water hammer in plumbing systems, previous attempts to control water hammer, and why these methods failed.
What Is Water Hammer
The term "water hammer" is used to describe the pressure surges, audible noise and destructive forces associated with the transfer of kinetic energy into the piping system due to an abrupt change in velocity of a non-compressible fluid. For the purpose of this discussion, the non-compressible fluid is usually water, and the change in velocity usually occurs when the flowing water comes to a sudden and complete stop due to valve or faucet closure. Thus, in the equations below, the initial flowing velocity is always equal to the change in velocity. (Example: Initial flowing velocity is 8 feet per second and, when the flow is completely stopped, zero feet per second. The change in velocity is 8 - 0 or 8 fps, which is equal to the initial flowing velocity of 8 fps.)
The two main factors necessary to create water hammer in a piping system are the initial speed (velocity) of the flowing water and an abrupt change to this flowing water velocity. When a water column is stopped abruptly, the momentum force in the flowing water (kinetic energy) quickly transforms into a pressure rise within the pipe. The amount of force (KE ft/lbs) within the flowing water can be calculated by the formula for kinetic energy:
KE = ½ mv²
When considering KE within a piping system, the mass (m) can be substituted with the physics characteristics of water within a cylindrical pipe (i.e., specific weight, cross-sectional area, length, plus gravitational constant). Velocity (v) is calculated in feet per second (fps), which can easily be converted from the known gpm and pipe size. For a plumbing or piping system, the kinetic energy formula can be expressed as this:

1 Section
KE = .97 x A x L x v² A = Cross sectional area of pipe I.D. in square feet L = Length of effective pipe in feet v = Velocity of flowing water in feet per second Since we can calculate the kinetic energy, we can also calculate the actual "pressure rise" within a piping system by using Joukowsky's Formula:
pr = wav / 144g pr = Pressure rise above flow pressure (psig) w = Specific weight of liquid (water = 62.4 lbs/ft ³) a = Velocity of pressure wave in feet per second (fps)
(4000 4500 fps in metal pipe) v = Change in flow velocity in feet per second (fps) g = Gravitational constant (32.2 fps²)
1. Valve closed - static water
2. Valve open - moving water
3. Valve closes - WATER HAMMER

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1 Section
What Is Water Hammer
Continued
By plugging in the given factors on the previous page, the formula shows us that the pressure rise in metal pipe due to a sudden change in velocity is approximately 60 times the original flow velocity in feet per second. Thus, a common 1/2" supply line, flowing at 6 fps, can generate a pressure rise of 360 psig above and beyond the flow pressure itself (right). The resultant shock wave bounces back and forth within the supply line until it reaches a point of relief in a larger main where the initial velocity was much slower.
Within plastic pipe systems, such as PVC, CPVC, and PEX, the modulus of elasticity is much less than copper or steel pipe, and thus the velocity of the pressure wave is slower. This results in a lower pressure rise in plastic pipe versus metal pipe, given the same parameters. However, an equal amount of kinetic energy exists in both plastic and metal systems. So where does the energy go if it does not result in the same type of pressure rise? The answer is the excessive energy is absorbed into the plastic piping system by the instantaneous expansion of the pipe, fittings and appurtenances within the system. Historically, water hammer damage to the pipe itself is not the main concern, because the pipe can generally handle these expansions and contractions. Rather, it is the wide variety of fitting systems for plastic pipe (i.e., solvent weld, mechanical crimp, pinch clamps, expansion fittings, both made from brass and hard plastic) that are at risk.
Why Air Chambers Don't Work
It used to be thought that an air chamber, or capped stand pipe, was an effective solution to controlling water hammer. However, within an air chamber, nothing separates the air from the water. It only takes a few short weeks before the air is absorbed into the water, leaving the air chamber waterlogged and completely ineffective. Laboratory tests confirm that the air is depleted by simple air permeation and by interaction between static pressure and flow pressure. In the diagram shown, (right) notice the difference in water level between "Static Line Pressure" and "Post-cycle Static Level."

psig

Uncontrolled Water Hammer 500

400

420 psig pressure surge

300

200

100

Static Line Pressure

Flow

Shock/Turbulence

(air is depleted) (air is depleted)

Post-cycle Static Level

4 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Product Damage Due to Water Hammer
All valves, fittings and appurtenances in the shock wave's path feel the full brunt of this pressure rise each and every time the flow is abruptly stopped. It would be a big mistake to consider only the excessive pressure effects on the pipe itself, because the pipe is not a primary concern for failure. Rather, all other plumbing products within the system are at risk. Certainly, in due time, uncontrolled water hammer will cause premature failure in the following products:
WATER HEATERS SAFETY RELIEF VALVES (T&P VALVES) PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (PRVs) BACKFLOW PREVENTERS FAUCETS SOLENOID VALVES FITTINGS HANGERS & BRACKETS
Water Heaters
Expansion and contraction caused by thermal changes has always been thought of as the main cause of tank failure. This may very well be true, but failure is exacerbated by water hammer. Although the evidence of water hammer damage is not as apparent, both residential and commercial water heaters fail prematurely from this excessive force. Repetitive shock waves traveling through the tank can eventually cause the tank lining to crack, leaving the steel tank exposed to rust and failure.
Safety Relief Valves (T&P Valves)
Although the T&P is designed to relieve excess pressure, its simple spring design is not adequate to handle the rapid shock wave created by uncontrolled water hammer, which can come and go in a few milliseconds. The valve is left to absorb the damaging shock wave. On occasion, depending on the circumstances, the valve may "pop off" as a result of water hammer. However, this is not the intended purpose of this device, and could lead to failure when the safety feature is needed most.

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1 Section
Product Damage Due to Water Hammer Continued
Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs)
Although PRVs are usually located at the opposite end of a quick-closing termination valve, the resultant shock wave will still affect a PRV. Repetitive shock waves can eventually damage the mechanics of the device, rendering it useless and allowing excessive main pressure to pass. Water hammer has also been known to crack the brass castings and seats of the device.
Backflow Preventers
Just like PRVs, backflow preventers are subject to the same water hammer problems. However, the damage and problems can be more complicated and costly with BFPs. Excess water hammer pressure downstream is inconveniently dumped by the BFPs relief valves each and every time a shock wave is created.
Faucets
Of course, faucets are susceptible to damage from the water hammer created by their own quick-closing design. Expensive faucet cartridges have been known to fail or even crack in half due to water hammer.
6 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Solenoid Valves
Electronic solenoid valves in both residential and commercial clothes washers, dishwashers and ice makers are very susceptible to water hammer damage. The solenoid valve is usually the first (and by far the most common) part to be replaced on these appliances. Solenoid valves are now prominent on commercial flush valves and lav faucets. Do not be fooled by some manufacturers' claims of "slow-closing" solenoid valves. For both regular and slow-closing valves, the speed of closure and subsequent change in flow is still very abrupt and destructive.
Fittings
Solvent weld fittings for PVC and CPVC systems, as well as various mechanical joint systems for PEX pipe, are especially vulnerable to water hammer damage. Water hammer puts undue stress on directional fittings in two ways. First, the excess internal pressure can easily exceed the ASTM pressure rating for the system. Second, water hammer often causes pipe movement, which results in external stress on tees and elbows.
Hangers & Brackets
Uncontrolled water hammer is by far the primary cause of loose pipe hangers and failed pipe support systems. This causes additional noise from loose rattling pipes and sometimes total pipe failure when hangers are completely dislodged.

Section 1 www.siouxchief.com 7

The most efficient and widely used type of arrester is the piston style. Its simplicity of design is cost efficient to produce, yet few moving parts assures high quality and longevity.
8 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

The Solution
Exploring the Solution to Water Hammer
This section discusses the best method of water hammer control by means of an engineered water hammer arrester. It also covers the three common sizing and placement methods used in the plumbing industry for residential, commercial, and industrial applications, along with the applicable codes and standards.
Controlling Water Hammer
The most effective means of controlling water hammer is the installation of an engineered water hammer arrester. An engineered arrester employs a measured, compressible cushion of air or gas which is permanently separated from the water. When a valve closes abruptly, the moving water column is displaced up into the arrester, compressing the permanent air charge until all the momentum of the moving water is safely dissipated, allowing the column to slow down calmly, preventing the development of water hammer.
Historically, manufacturers have employed a rubber diaphragm, a metal bellows or a piston with o-rings to separate the air from the water. Although all of these types of devices have been around for many years, the most efficient and widely used type of arrester is the piston style. Its simplicity of design is cost efficient to produce, yet few moving parts promote high quality and longevity.
ASSE Testing and Certification
To ensure quality, the arrester product standard most widely specified by engineers worldwide is ASSE 1010. The American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE) requires rigorous testing and annual factory quality audits in order for the manufacturer to display the ASSE Certification on their arresters. In addition, national model codes in the USA and Canada require ASSE 1010. Certification on any arrester installed.

Piston moves and compresses
air cushion
Pressure spike generated by valve closure

2 Section
Permanent, pressurized air cushion Piston at rest

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2 Section

Methods of Sizing
Three different methods of sizing are outlined below for each industry segment. Choose the sizing method most appropriate for your project and refer to the following pages for more details on that method.

RESIDENTIAL

Sizing/Placement Guideline: Point-of-use AA size arrester on both hot and cold lines. Place on ice makers, dishwashers, washing machines and tub/shower valves.

Arrester Group: Any ASSE 1010 Certified A, B, C, D, E, or F size arrester. Various connection size and type are for the installer's convenience.

Hotels

Motels

Multi-Family Dwellings

Single-Family Dwellings

Single-Fixture & Private Plumbing Groups Applications: Not just for homes. Plumbing fixtures in homes, duplexes, apartments, condominiums, motels, hotels and military housing.

Tub/Shower

Ice Maker Dishwasher Laundry

MIP Laundry Tub/Shower

COMMERCIAL

Office Buildings

Hospitals

Correctional Institutions

Retail Buildings

Multi-fixture Plumbing Groups Applications: Plumbing fixtures in office buildings, retail, schools, hospitals, correctional facilities and public buildings.

INDUSTRIAL

Industrial Fluid Handling Commercial Laundries Up-Feed Pump Systems
Large Industrial Piping Systems Applications: Industrial equipment, food processing, commercial laundry, up-feed pump systems, irrigation and waste treatment systems.

Sizing/Placement Guideline: The properly sized arrester corresponds to the total number of fixture units on each hot and cold branch line. Place each arrester at end of the branch line.

Arrester Group: Any ASSE 1010 Certified A, B, C, D, E, or F size arrester. Various connection size and type are for the installer's convenience.

Sizing/Placement Guideline: To size an arrester for industrial applications, use the Industrial Equation, custom sizing the arrester given the system information of a particular project. A computer spreadsheet version of this equation is also available.

ABC D E F
Arrester Group: Large industrial size arresters, 200-400 cubic inch size.

10 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Residential & Commercial Model Code Requirements
The UPC, IPC, IRC model codes, and now the National Plumbing Code of Canada, all require the installation of ASSE 1010 Certified Water Hammer Arresters on all quick-closing valves to control water hammer in both residential and commercial plumbing applications.

Section 2

2018 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE (UPC/IAPMO)
609.10 Water Hammer: Building water supply systems where quick-acting valves are installed shall be provided with water hammer arrester(s) to absorb high pressures resulting from the quick closing of these valves. Water hammer arresters shall be approved mechanical devices that comply with ASSE 1010 or PDI-WH 201 and shall be installed as close as possible to quick-acting valves.
609.10.1 Mechanical Devices: Where listed mechanical devices are used, the manufacturer's specifications as to location and method of installation shall be followed.

2018 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE (IPC/ICC)
604.9 Water Hammer: The flow velocity of the water distribution system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water hammer. A water-hammer arrestor shall be installed where quick-closing valves are utilized. Waterhammer arrestors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. Water-hammer arrestors shall conform to ASSE 1010.
2018 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE (IRC/ICC)
P2903.5 Water Hammer: The flow velocity of the water distribution system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water hammer. A water-hammer arrestor shall be installed where quick-closing valves are utilized. Water-hammer arrestors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Waterhammer arrestors shall conform to ASSE 1010

NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF CANADA 2010 (NPC/NRCC)
A·2.6.1.9.(1) Water Hammer Prevention: Water hammer is a buildup of pressure in a length of horizontal or vertical pipe that occurs when a valve or faucet is closed suddenly. The longer the pipe and the greater the water velocity, the greater the pressure exerted on the pipe, which can be many times the normal static water pressure and be sufficient to damage the piping system. Since air chambers made from a piece of vertical pipe do not provide acceptable protection, pre-manufactured water hammer arresters are required to address this potential problem. 2.2.10.15. (1) Water Hammer Arresters: Water hammer arresters shall conform to ASSE 1010.

NOTE: The three model codes above make no exception to their arrester requirements for various piping materials. Both plastic and metal piping systems are required to have water hammer arresters installed to protect not only the pipe itself, but all fittings, valves and appurtenances that would otherwise be adversely affected by uncontrolled water hammer.
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2 Section
Residential Installation Guide
To control water hammer in most residential applications, install ASSE 1010 Certified AA size water hammer arresters on both the hot and cold supply lines serving washing machines, dishwashers, ice makers and quickclosing tub/shower valves to satisfy the minimum requirements of all model codes. Arresters should be installed within six feet of each culprit valve, and can be installed at any angle. All AA size arresters that are ASSE Certified are equal in arrester capacity, regardless of connection size and type. The various AA arrester connection types are simply for the convenience of the installer.

Recommended

Dishwasher

Laundry

Use as Needed

Placement
Arresters should be installed within six feet of each culprit valve, and can be installed at any angle.

Lav/Sink

Toilet Ballcock

Tub/Shower

Ice Maker

12 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Access Boxes With Integral Arresters
In addition to the many connection types, ASSE Certified AA arresters are also available as integral parts of the supply valves installed in access boxes, such as laundry and ice maker boxes. These products make installation simple and easy for the plumber because the arresters are already the right size and factory installed in the right place for the application.
For the same reasons, they make code enforcement simple for the plumbing inspector. When access boxes with integral arresters are installed, the correct size and placement of the arresters is accomplished every time.
Residential Irrigation
Zone valves in residential lawn sprinkler systems are common culprits of severe water hammer. This uncontrolled pressure surge can be very damaging not only to the sprinkler system components but also to the backflow preventer and other components of the plumbing system.
To prevent water hammer, install the specified ASSE 1010 Certified arrester within six feet of the zone valve or group of valves:
On 3/4" service line: One B size arrester
On 1" service line: One C size arrester

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2 Section

Commercial Installation Guide

For water hammer control in commercial plumbing applications, such as water closets, urinals and lavs in public restrooms, use the following sizing and placement guidelines based on fixture units.

DETERMINING ARRESTER SIZE BY FIXTURE UNITS

MULTIPLE FIXTURE BRANCH LINES

The National Plumbing Code offers this definition of fixture unit: "A fixtureunit is a quantity in terms of which the load producing effects on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale." The fixture unit values shown in Table 1 below represent the standard ratings used by engineers to size water distribution systems as well as water hammer arresters. "Public" fixtures, as referred to in Table 1 below, are fixtures found in public rest rooms, office buildings and other places where each fixture is open and accessible for use at all times.

On many types of applications, a single arrester must serve multiple fixtures. In these cases, the total fixture units should be determined for all fixtures served by the branch line where the arrester is to be placed. Once the fixture units for the branch line have been totaled, choose the appropriate arrester by matching fixture units in the table (below) to the arrester size with the corresponding fixture unit capacity. If the total number of fixture units has a fraction, it should be rounded to the next largest whole number. In addition, if the flow pressure at the fixture exceeds 65 psig, the next largest size water hammer arrester should be used.

TABLE 1

FIXTURE

TYPE OF SUPPLY CONTROL

Water Closet 1.66 PF Water Closet 1.66 PF Pedestal Urinal 1.06 PF Stall or Wall Urinal Stall or Wall Urinal Lavatory Bathtub Shower Head Bathroom Group Bathroom Group Separate Shower Service Sink Laundry Tubs (1-3) Combination Fixture Clothes Washer Dishwasher Ice Maker

Flush Valve Flush Tank Flush Valve Flush Valve Flush Tank Faucet Faucet Mixing Valve Flush Valve Closet Flush Valve Closet Mixing Valve Faucet Faucet Faucet Solenoid Valves Solenoid Valve Solenoid Valve

FIXTURE UNITS

PUBLIC

PRIVATE

TOTAL C.W. H.W. TOTAL C.W. H.W.

2.5 2.5

2 1½ 1½ 1

2 1½ 1½

1.5

TABLE 2

ARRESTER SIZE

FIXTURE UNITS

1-4

A 5-11

B 12-32

C 33-60

61-113 114-154 155-300

ARRESTER PLACEMENT ON MULTI-FIXTURE BRANCH LINES
Once the correct size arrester has been determined, the final concern is placement of the arrester within the system. Arrester placement depends on the length of the branch line on which the arrester is to be installed, which can be divided into two cases which are described below:
BRANCH LINES OF 20 FEET OR LESS (See Figure 1)
Place arrester at the end of the branch line within 6 feet of the last fixture served, as illustrated on page 15.
BRANCH LINES OVER 20 FEET (See Figure 2)
Calculate fixture units for each 20-foot section separately and place an arrester at the end of each 20-foot section (within 6 feet of the last fixture served in that section) as illustrated in Figure 2 on page 15.

14 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

FIGURE 1
If 20ft or less, place one arrester 6ft or less from the end of the run.

Section 2

FIGURE 2
If more than 20ft, place arrester at the end of each 20-foot section, within 6ft of the end of that section.

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2 Section
Industrial Installation Guide
©1996 Sioux Chief Manufacturing
The formula below was developed by Sioux Chief as an alternative method of sizing the necessary arrester capacity for large commercial and industrial applications. In these situations, the formula shown below can be used to select the correct size arrester for any given system.

C =

1.5 × L × V² D² × (Pf + 14.7) × Y

L = Effective pipe length (in feet) V = Change in Velocity (in gallons per minute) D = I.D. of pipe (in inches) Pf = Flow pressure (PSIG) Y = A function of Pma/Pfa (see graph on following page) Pm = Maximum allowable pressure (PSIG) C = Required arrester capacity (in cubic inches)

EXAMPLE
Description of System
L Length of pipe = 200 feet. This is the effective pipe length of the branch line serving the hammering valve. This is where the energy is. As the same flow goes through larger pipes, such as the main trunk line, the energy calculates to be very low and inconsequential.
V Change in velocity = 120 gpm. We can usually assume that our initial flow rate (120 gpm) is equal to the change in velocity, because when we shut off a valve completely, the resultant velocity is always 0. Thus, 120 - 0 = 120. However, if the valve does not completely shut off, and the velocity changes from 120 gpm to 40 gpm, V would then equal 120 - 40 = 80 gpm. This is the most critical factor in the formula, and usually the most difficult to get on an existing installation.
D Pipe size = 3". Try to use the actual I.D. of the pipe if possible. The nominal size of the pipe will get you close to the right answer, but the actual I.D. size will be more accurate.
Pf Flow pressure = 60 psig. This variable is the gauge pressure at the valve when the valve is on. In the formula, we add 14.7 psi (atmospheric pressure) to the gauge pressure to convert it to absolute or Pfa.
Pm Maximum allowable pressure = 150 psi. This variable represents the pressure to which the sized arrester will limit the shock. It can vary depending on input from the plumber or yourself, but 150 psig is generally used because most plumbing equipment is rated at 150 psig. Also we have observed little or no water hammer noise at this level. In the formula, we add 14.7 psi (atmospheric pressure) to the gauge pressure to convert it to absolute or Pma.

16 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

FORMULA CALCULATIONS
First we should calculate for the Y Factor. This variable answers the question "What is the maximum allowable pressure in relationship to the flow pressure? Is it twice as much?" To determine this you must divide the maximum allowable pressure (remember to add 14.7 to convert Pm to Pma) by the flow pressure (remember to add 14.7 to convert Pf to Pfa).
Pma / Pfa = (150 + 14.7) / (60 + 14.7) = 2.2 Pma / Pfa = 2.2
Next, look at the graph (on following page) and find the intersection of 2.2 and the Y curve. Follow that point straight down to the X axis to read 35. In this example, Y = 35.
Now that you have all the variables, do the original calculation:

C =

1.5 × 200 × 120² D² × (Pf + 14.7) × Y

C = 184 in3

ARRESTER SIZING
Choose an arrester that is equal to or larger than the necessary capacity in your calculation. In this example, a 200 cubic inch industrial arrester is the correct choice.

ARRESTER PLACEMENT
Place arrester on supply side of culprit valve within the last 5% of supply line to the valve. In this example, place arrester within 10 feet of the valve.

Section 2

Pressurized Air Cushion Dual O-ring Piston Water System

After Placement
The pressurized air cushion is permanently separated with a dual o-ring piston from the water system.

Value of Pma/Pfa

The Y Factor
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18 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

The Selection
Exploring the Selection of Water Hammer Arresters
This chapter will explain why the Sioux Chief line of residential, commercial and industrial water hammer arresters is the number one arrester selected by engineers and specifiers throughout North America and around the world.

3 Section

Sioux Chief Arresters
Sioux Chief Mfg. leads the plumbing industry in the development and manufacture of water hammer arresters for any and all applications.
Piston Design. Simplicity of design allows for the highest quality and longest life of any arrester type. Endurance tested to 500,000 cycles without failure.
Made in America. All arresters are manufactured in the
USA, utilizing all-American copper and brass materials.
Green Footprint. 100% recyclable copper and brass, sourced from the Midwest, efficiently produced and distributed from the Heart of America, creates the smallest carbon footprint of any arrester brand on the market.
Connection Options. Sioux Chief's unique ability to provide a wide variety of connection options saves the installer time and money, while eliminating costly transition joints. Integral arrester connection types are designed specifically for the type of piping system used.
Certified. Arresters are certified by ASSE to the ASSE 1010 Standard, satisfying the requirements of all model codes. ASSE performs yearly factory audits to ensure their high-quality standards are maintained.
Expertise. Sioux Chief has experts on staff with computer software to help you with new project sizing, as well as troubleshooting existing installations.
Acceptance. Millions of Sioux Chief arresters have been specified and installed throughout the country and around the world over the past 25 years.

RESIDENTIAL MiniResterTM

COMMERCIAL HydraRester®

INDUSTRIAL MegaResterTM

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3 Section
MiniResterTM

All MiniResters are approved for sealed wall installations with no access panel required, and are certified by ASSE as AA size to the ANSI/ASSE 10102004 Standard. MiniResters may be installed at any angle.

ITEM NO. STRAIGHT 660-SB

DESCRIPTION 1/2" Male Sweat

NO MIN. CASE LEAD QTY. QTY.

50 50

660-S

1/2" Male Sweat, Clamshell

STRAIGHTS · Straight sweat arresters are compatible with
press-fitting systems, such as Viega ProPressTM and all push-fitting systems · MIP thread arresters install on any new rough-in or retrofit installation with ½" FIP fittings · CPVC solvent weld arresters install on ½" CPVC tube or fittings in rough-in or retrofit applications · PEX MiniResters are available with F1807 crimp, F1960 expansion, and F3347 metal press connections · All 660-G Series MiniResters use brass components certified as no-lead. MiniResters made with copper and plastic components only are naturally no lead compliant
TEES · Hose tee arresters install on washing machine supply valves
or directly to washing machine
TUB/SHOWER TEES · Sweat branch arresters install easily on sweat
tub/shower valves
PEX TEES · ASTM F1807 PEX Tee · ASTM F1960 PEX Tee

660-G2B

1/2" MIP Thread

660-G2

1/2" MIP Thread, Clamshell

660-V82B

1/2" Male CPVC

660-V82

1/2" Male CPVC, Clamshell

660-X2B

1/2" F1807 PEX, Straight

660-GVPX2B

1/2" F3347 PEX Press

660-WG2B

1/2" F1960 PEX

TEE

660-HB

3/4" Female Swivel Hose Thread × 3/4" Male Hose Thread Tee

660-H

3/4" Female Swivel Hose Thread × 3/4" Male Hose Thread Tee, Clamshell

660-TKB

Female Swivel Ballcock Nut × Male Ballcock Thread Tee

660-TK

Female Swivel Ballcock Nut × Male Ballcock Thread Tee, Clamshell

TUB/SHOWER TEE

660-TS

1/2" Male Sweat Open End Branch × 1/2" Female Sweat Tee

660-TS8

1/2" x 8" Stub Out × 1/2" Female Sweat Tee

660-TS88

1/2" x 8" Double Stub Out × 1/2" Female Sweat Tee

660-TSX

1/2" Male Sweat × 1/2" PEX F1807 Crimp Tee

660-TSX88

1/2" x 8" Double Stub Out × 1/2" F1807 PEX Tee

PEX TEE

660-GTW2B

1/2" PEX Cold Expansion Tee F1960

660-GTX2B

1/2" PEX Crimp Tee F1807

50 50

25 25

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25

COMPRESSION TEES · Install in-line on ice maker lines, lav or dishwasher
supply tubes
FEMALE COMPRESSION TEE · Installs either between stub out and supply stop, or between
supply stop and supply tube for faucets, dishwashers, toilets or ice makers

660-GTX2

1/2" PEX Crimp Tee F1807, Clamshell

COMPRESSION TEE

660-GTC0B

1/4" O.D. Compression Tee For Ice Maker Tube

660-GTC0

1/4" O.D. Compression Tee For Ice Maker Tube, Clamshell

660-GTC1B

3/8" O.D. Compression Tee For Supply Tube X

660-GTC1

3/8" O.D. Compression Tee For Supply Tube, Clamshell

FEMALE COMPRESSION TEE

25 25

660-GTR0B 660-GTR0

1/4" O.D. Comp. × 1/4" O.D. Female Comp. X

1/4" O.D. Comp. × 1/4" O.D. Female Comp., Clamshell

25 25

660-GTR1B

3/8" O.D. Comp. × 3/8" O.D. Female Comp. X

25 25

660-GTR1

3/8" O.D. Comp. × 3/8" O.D. Female Comp. Clamshell

660-GTRB

5/8" O.D. Comp × 5/8" O.D. Female Comp. X

25 25

Note on ASTM PEX Fitting Standards:

660-GTR

ASTM F1807: Metal Insert Fittings Utilizing a Copper Crimp Ring

ASTM F1960: Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings

ASTM F3347: Metal Press Insert Fittings with Factory Assembled Stainless Steel Press Sleeve

5/8" O.D. Comp. × 5/8" O.D. Female Comp. Clamshell

20 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Section 1 www.siouxchief.com 21

3 Section
HydraRester®
Acceptance. The HydraRester has been specified and installed more than any other arrester model, making it the leading arrester in the country and around the world.
Certified. The American Society of Sanitary Engineering has certified the HydraRester to the ANSI/ASSE1010- 2004 Standard.
Tested. HydraRester has been cycle tested at U.S. Testing Laboratories to withstand 10,000 shock cycles. Factory tested to withstand 500,000 cycles without failure (654-C tested).

Cold-rolled and Spun-losed Chamber End
Pressurized Air Cushion
Dual O-ring, PP Piston

Healthcare. Copper is well known for its antimicrobial properties. Plus, the HydraRester's piston design eliminates the possibility of stagnant water columns that can create ideal conditions for bacterial growth such as legionella.

Seamless Cold Formed Reduction

Green. The HydraRester is made from 100% recyclable copper, sourced right here in the Midwest. Combined with Sioux Chief's automated production efficiencies, it gives the HydraRester the lowest carbon footprint of any arrester on the market.
Compatible. HydraRester is available in five connection options MIP, Sweat, PEX Crimp, PEX Expansion or CPVC saving the installer time and money. HydraRester male sweat fittings are compatible with press-fitting systems, such as Viega ProPressTM, and all push-fitting systems.
Compact Size. Allows for installation in a 2 × 4 wall cavity.
Installation Angle. May be installed at any angle.
Sealed Wall Installation. Approved for installation with no access panel required.

ITEM NO.

CONN. UNIT SIZE SIZE

DIMENSIONS LENGTH X WIDTH

FIXTURE UNIT VALUE

CUBIC INCH VOLUME

MIN. QTY.

CASE QTY.

MIP THREAD

652-A

1/2" A

61/2" x 1"

111

653-B

3/4" B

83/4" x 1"

1232

654-C

11" x 1"

3360

655-D

10" x 2" 61113 20

656-E

12" x 2" 114154 29

657-F

15" x 2" 155330 36

MALE SWEAT/PRESS FITTING

652-AS

1/2" A

81/2" x 1"

111

653-BS

3/4" B

10 x 1"

1232

654-CS

121/2" x 1"

3360

655-DS

11" x 2"

61113 20

656-ES

131/2" x 2" 114154 29

657-FS

16" x 2"

155330 36

CPVC SOCKET ASTM D 2846

652-AC

1/2" A

71/2" x 1"

111

653-BC

3/4" B

91/2" x 1"

1232

654-CC

12" x 1"

3360

PEX CRIMP ASTM F1807

652-AX

1/2" A

61/2" x 1"

111

653-BX

3/4" B

83/4" x 1"

1232

654-CX

11" x 1"

3360

PEX EXPANSION ASTM F1960

652-AWG 1/2" A

61/2" x 1"

111

653-BWG 3/4" B

83/4" x 1"

1232

654-CWG 1"

11" x 1"

3360

NOTE: PEX and CPVC connection specifications are limited to those called out in their respective ASTM Standards for Fittings.

22 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Section 3

Connection Types

Sweat/Press Fitting

MIP

CPVC

PEX Crimp/Expansion
www.siouxchief.com 23

3 Section

Cold Water - First Half

3 Lavs =

4½ FU

1 Urinal =

4 FU

TOTAL =

8½ FU

Requirement = A-Size

Cold Water - Second Half

1 Urinal =

4 FU

3 Water Closets = 24 FU

TOTAL =

28 FU

Requirement = B-Size

Hot Water
3 Lavs = Requirement =

4½ FU A-Size

A-Size HydraRester

B-Size HydraRester

Cold Water Right

2 Water Closets = 16 FU

2 Urinals =

8 FU

TOTAL =

24 FU

Requirement =

B-Size

Cold Water Left
3 Lavs = Requirements =

4½ FU A-Size

Hot Water
3 Lavs = 3 Water Closets =

4½ FU A-Size

A-Size HydraRester

B-Size HydraRester

24 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Cold Water
2 Water Closets = 2 Urinals = 2 Lavs = TOTAL = Requirement =

16 FU 8 FU 3 FU 27 FU B-Size

Hot Water
2 Lavs = Requirement =

3 FU A-Size

Cold Water Right

2 Water Closets = 16 FU

2 Urinals =

8 FU

TOTAL =

24 FU

Requirements =

B-Size

Cold Water
3 Lavs = Requirements =

4½ FU A-Size

Hot Water
3 Lavs = Requirements =

4½ FU A-Size

A-Size HydraRester

Section 3
B-Size HydraRester

A-Size HydraRester
B-Size HydraRester

www.siouxchief.com 25

3 Section
MegaResterTM
Industrial Applications. Perfect for industrial equipment, commercial laundry equipment, food-processing, irrigation and waste-treatment systems.
Choice of Tube Wall Material. Available in copper or 316 stainless steel for any application.
Adjustable On Site. Liquid-filled gauge and air filler valve for job site charging.
Customized Per Application. Fit your specific job requirements. Call Sioux Chief for custom, expert sizing and placement recommendations.
COPPER · Dual o-ring piston lubricated with Dow 111
FDA-approved silicone compound · Cast brass flange or wrought copper male thread fitting with
lead-free solder joints · 4" nominal Type L copper tube barrel · 600-lb. (40-bar) liquid filled gauge · Factory air charge
STAINLESS STEEL · Dual o-ring piston lubricated with Dow 111
FDA-approved silicone compound · Cast brass flange or wrought copper male thread fitting with
lead-free solder joints · 4" nominal Type L copper tube barrel · 600-lb. (40-bar) liquid filled gauge · Factory air charge

Pressurized Air Cushion Dual O-ring Piston Water System

ITEM NO.

CONNECTION SIZE AND TYPE

COPPER

658-1503

3" MIP (ANSI B1.20.1)

658-2002

2" MIP (ANSI B1.20.1)

658-2004

4" MIP (ANSI B1.20.1)

658-4004

4" MIP (ANSI B1.20.1)

658-4004F2

4" Class 150 Flange (ANSI B16.24)

STAINLESS STEEL

658S2002

2" MIP (ANSI B1.20.1)

658S2004F2

4" Class 150 Flange (ANSI B16.24)

658S4004F2

4" Class 150 Flange (ANSI B16.24)

VOLUME (IN3)
150 200 200 400 400
200 200
400

HEIGHT (IN)

MIN. CASE QTY. QTY.

23.25 29.25 24.50 42.50
41.75

24.25 24.00 40.00

26 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Section 1 www.siouxchief.com 27

3 Section
Sioux Chief vs. the Competition
Sioux Chief's superior design and machining processes have allowed plumbers and contractors to bid jobs with confidence, knowing the product not only wins on paper, it performs in the field where it counts.
28 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Section 3

Cross Reference Guide

MANUFACTURERER (Trade Name)
SIOUX CHIEF (HydraRester) JOSAM (Absorbotron) J.R. SMITH (Hydrotrol)
PPP (MM series, SC series)
TYLER/WADE (Shokstop) WATTS (AA = 05 series, AF = 15 series)
ZURN (Shocktrol, Z-1700 series)

AA
660 series N/A N/A
MM-500 series N/A
05 series
N/A

A 652-A 75001 5005 SC500 W-5 15 ½" 100

B 653-B 75002 5010 SC750 W-10 15 ¾" 200

C 654-C 75003 5020 SC1000 W-20 15 1" 300

D 655-D 75004 5030 SC1250 W-50 15 1 ¼" 400

E 656-E 75005 5040 SC1500 W-75 15 1 ½" 500

F 657-F 75006 5050 SC2000 W-100 15 2" 600

www.siouxchief.com 29

1 Section 30 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Appendix
Certifications, Articles, Reports and Specifications
This section has technical information on certification, an explanation of the 2018 IRC Code change, case studies of water hammer situations, as well as engineer status reports. In addition, specification sheets for all Sioux Chief arresters are included.
What it Means to get Certified
In order for an arrester manufacturer to get their arrester products fully certified by ASSE, they must first go through rigorous performance and endurance testing by an accredited test lab. Each arrester model must pass this 10,000 cycle test. Once the testing is successfully completed, the test results are then reviewed by the ASSE Seal Board Committee before a full certification is issued. In addition to all of this testing and certification, ASSE performs annual factory audits to insure continuous quality with all arrester production. Annual Renewal Certificates are then issued for manufacturers that properly fulfill their ASSE requirements.
www.siouxchief.com 31

P2903.5 Water Hammer Arrestors

Significant Changes to the IRC 2018 Edition

P2903.5
Water Hammer Arrestors

CHANGE TYPE: Modification
CHANGE SUMMARY: A water hammer arrestor is now required where quick-closing valves are used in the water distribution system.
2018 CODE: P2903.5 Water hammer. The flow velocity of the water distribution system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water hammer. A water hammer arrestor shall be installed where quick-closing valves are utilized. Water hammer arrestors shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Water-hammer arrestors shall conform to ASSE 1010.
CHANGE SIGNIFICANCE: Water hammer describes the effects of hydraulic shock resulting from a sudden change in the velocity of water flowing through a pipe. The effect is not always audible, but when it is, it sounds similar to a hammer striking a pipe. There is potential for damage to the piping system over time, resulting in premature failure requiring repair or replacement.
Prior to the 2009 IRC, the code required installation of water hammer arrestors where quick-closing valves were utilized. In the 2009 through 2015 editions of the IRC, that mandatory requirement has not appeared. Instead, the code has only directed that the possibility of water hammer needs to be reduced by controlling the flow velocity of the water distribution system and, when installed, water hammer arrestors needed to follow the manufacturer's instructions and were required to conform to ASSE 1010. The prescriptive language for determining when a water hammer arrestor was required has been missing. However, the International Plumbing Code (IPC) language has not changed since its inception and has always required a water hammer arrestor when quick-closing valves are used. The sudden increase in flow velocity that causes water hammer is typically related to quick-closing valves. A quick-closing valve is
P2903.5 continues

Pressurized air O-ring sealed piston Water

Pressurized air Diaphragm
Water Pressurized air
Compression element

Examples of mechanical water hammer arrestors

32 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

PART 7 Plumbing

P2903.5 continued

defined in both the IRC and IPC as a valve or faucet that closes automatically where released manually or controlled by mechanical means for fast-action closing. Because of all the variables related to different pipping systems, it is difficult to precisely define a quick-closing valve or to determine the valve closure speed that will result in water hammer. Such precision would require an analysis of the individual water-piping system. Washing machine and dishwashing machine solenoid valves are often considered as being "quick-closing" valves that require water hammer arrestors.
The prescriptive language to require water hammer arrestors when quick-closing valves are utilized has been reinstated in the 2018 IRC, and the code once again aligns with the corresponding section of the IPC, Adding the mandatory language reinforces the idea that all water distribution systems are susceptible to water hammer and a water hammer arrestor may be required in every water system. A water hammer arrestor decreases hydraulic shock by absorbing most of the energy from the change in velocity. The IPC defines a water hammer arrestor as a device utilized to absorb the pressure surge (water hammer) that occurs when water flow is suddenly stopped in a water supply system.
Proponents of the change stated that modern plumbing systems require water hammer control even more so than in the past. The advent of plastic piping systems, with various designs of metal and hard-plastic mechanical fitting systems, causes concern that these systems need protection from damaging pressure surges due to their lower pressure ratings compared to traditional metal piping systems. There is a wide variety of ASSE 1010-certified arrestors on the market, including laundry boxes with certified integral arresters.

www.siouxchief.com 33

Appendix

WATER HAMMER FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE
By Michael Meagher
August 1, 2009
A recent case study involved a severe water hammer problem in a fountain refill piping system at the City Hall Building in Grandview, MO (a suburb of Kansas City). The system consisted of a long run of 1-1/2" copper tubing leading up to a solenoid valve in a utility room within the city hall building itself. On the non-pressure side of the valve, 1-1/2" PVC piping exited the building underground and ran 100 feet to the fountain pool outside. A float switch in the pool controlled the solenoid valve back in the utility room. No other valves, before or after, were being operated. Each time this valve cycled off, a large bang emanated from the valve and echoed throughout the building.
Previously, the city hall maintenance engineer had a water hammer arrester installed on the pressure side of the valve. Proper installation requirements for sizing and placement of the arrester were followed. However, the arrester seemed to have little effect on the loud hammer upon each valve closure. Eventually, the destructive water hammer created a large crack in the PVC threaded adapter on the non-pressure line, six feet downstream of the valve, causing a noticeable leak inside the utility room.
A local plumbing contractor, MorganMiller Plumbing, was then called in to analyze the situation and fix the problem. At first, this fitting failure was a bit puzzling. Under normal water hammer situations, one would naturally expect the failure to occur on the pressure side of the valve. That's why arresters are usually required on the pressure side of valves. But in this case, the arrester was found to be working just fine, with no significant pressure surges upstream of the valve. This failure was definitely on the downstream side of the valve.

The joint leak in the fountain refill line seemed to be a small steady drip most of the time. However, at the precise moment immediately following valve closure, a very high-pressure water spray was observed coming from the cracked fitting, just for a split second, accompanied by a loud bang. This momentary high-pressure spray on the non-pressure line was the telltale clue confirming exactly what the problem was. A quick high-pressure surge on the downstream side of the valve after valve closure could only be caused by one thing: a vaporous cavitation.
Cavitation occurs when water pressure is lowered below its vapor pressure. Water will literally flash or vaporize, forming small entrained bubbles (water vapor in its gaseous state) in the line directly after the quick-closing valve. In situations like the City Hall piping system, three factors play a role in this cavitation; high velocity, pipe length and quick valve closure. When the valve closes, the momentum of flow pulls a vacuum on the area immediately after the valve, constricting the pipe. If the velocity is high enough, the water column can cavitate.

34 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

If you have ever done any pressure surge calculations, you may recognize the same three factors that cause water hammer on the pressure side of the valve are the same factors that can cause cavitation on the non-pressure side. That's not a coincidence. The momentum energy in the flowing water is equal on both sides of the valve. When a valve is installed in the middle of the piping run rather than the end, the non-pressure run will contain a significant amount of kinetic energy as well.
It is important to note that water temperature is certainly an essential factor in the physics of cavitation and the vapor pressure of water. Hot water will flash to vapor easier than will cold water. However, in this City Hall case, and in most other plumbing-related cases studied, the cavitation problems developed in an ordinary cold-water piping system where temperature control or temperature change was not a factor.
The damaging effects of cavitation occur when momentum of the flowing water is dissipated and the entrained vapor bubbles collapse back to their liquid state. The rest of the non-pressure water column is then drawn back to fill this void at a super high velocity. An extremely high-pressure surge (water hammer) results after the high velocity water column slams into the valve (Figure 2). In lab tests of similar piping arrangements, pressure surges caused by cavitation have been measured up to 1,100 psig.
A water hammer arrester installed on the pressure side of the valve works great to control the energy in the water column upstream of the valve, but does nothing to prevent the cavitation and severe pressure surge on the downstream side. Even installing a second water hammer arrester after the valve will not help, because conventional arresters are not designed to prevent this specific problem or to absorb the resultant shock.

A unique product called a vacuum arrester was introduced a few years ago to control this problem of cavitation. Similar in design to a piston-style water hammer arrester, the vacuum arrester temporarily breaks the vacuum that is pulled just beyond the closing valve. The operation of a vacuum arrester is functionally opposite of a conventional water hammer arrester.
The vacuum arrester has a much lower charge and the piston starts high in the barrel and travels down. When installed directly after the valve, the air in the vacuum arrester will expand to allow a more gradual stop of the water flow, and, thus, prevent cavitation.
In the Grandview City Hall piping system, the contractor correctly diagnosed the problem, installed a vacuum arrester and repaired the cracked fitting. Once a vacuum arrester was installed in addition to the water hammer arrester, the fountain system operated safely and quietly without any damaging pressure surges on either the pressure side or non-pressure side of the valve.
Unlike common atmospheric vacuum breakers, a vacuum arrester employs a contained pressure chamber that will never spit or leak water, nor will it ever allow air to be introduced into the water line. However, a vacuum arrester is not a traditional backflow prevention device and should not be substituted for one in other applications where those devices are required by code.

Appendix

Water hammer arrester

Valve

200 ft

Cavitation upon valve closure

Water hammer caused by cavitation collapse

Water hammer arrester

Vacuum arrester installed on non-pressure side of valve

www.siouxchief.com 35

Appendix

RESIDENTIAL & LIGHT COMMERCIAL WATER HAMMER CONTROL
AA-size piston-type arresters provide the solution to preventing water hammer in both residential and commercial applications.
Excerpt from April 2002 PM Engineer Magazine.
AA-size water hammer arresters are now sweeping the country as the permanent and affordable solution to that age-old problem of banging pipes and system damage caused by water hammer pressure surges, but this progress has been a long time in the making. Like many things in our industry, change doesn't happen overnight. Process and product innovation, industry education, along with new product standards and codes, have led the way.
In the 1980s, several arrester manufacturers offered a better alternative to plain air chambers when they introduced their single-fixture size arresters to the marketplace. At first, the use of these new arresters was somewhat limited due to the lack of official recognition at the codes and standards level. That all changed in 1996 when ASSE officially added the single-fixture AA-size category to the other six A through F arrester sizes in their ASSE 1010 Standard. Within 12 months, no less than three manufacturers had received ASSE certification on their compact and more affordable AA sizes, or double-A arresters, as they are now called.
Since then, the installation of AA arresters to control water hammer has grown tremendously throughout the country. Code officials in many states see the AA arrester as a very simple, very feasible way to address this water hammer control issue they've been struggling with for years. And not surprisingly, a large number of plumbing contractors report they are installing AA arresters even on applications where they are not required by code. They say arresters add quality to their jobs and help reduce callbacks.

The AA size is considered a singlefixture arrester and it is designed for installation on a plumbing faucet or fixture at the point of use. In other words, one AA arrester should be placed on both the hot and cold lines as close as possible to each culprit valve or faucet that causes hammer.
The most common applications for AA arresters are on the water lines serving washing machines, dishwashers, and tub/shower valves. Historically, these areas have caused the most problems or have been the areas reported most often as having water hammer. At the very least, these three applications should always have AA arresters installed during new construction. Other possible applications on new construction or retrofit could be just about any other faucet or fixture in the plumbing system if water hammer is apparent, such as kitchen or lav faucets, water closets, and even ice maker valves.
A common myth is that one large arrester centrally located will control hammer throughout the piping system. In reality, this does little or nothing to control hammer. The arrester loses its effectiveness the farther away from the valve it is installed. Installation within six feet of the valve may work fine. However, when the arrester is installed 20 or 30 feet upstream, it has little effect. Arresters work like shock absorbers on a car. Your car has four

wheels, so you need no less than four shocks, one placed at each wheel (point of use). Imagine the damage and abuse your car would take if it didn't have four properly placed shock absorbers. Your plumbing system is subject to the same type of abuse without proper arrester installation and placement.
Another question often asked is whether arresters are necessary on plastic tubing. Water hammer is a concern regardless of piping material, metal or plastic. It may be true that plastic tube does not seem to transmit as much noise as copper, but the energy from the flowing water is still there. It has to go somewhere. As a matter of fact, plastic tubing has a slightly smaller inner diameter compared to the same nominal size copper, so the flowing water has a higher velocity, which means even more energy to be absorbed when the flow is stopped. Upon valve closure, plastic tubing expands minutely which does absorb a small amount of this energy, but water hammer can still occur at flow rates of three or four gallons per minute. Many contractors install arresters on plastic tubing systems to alleviate the tubing and joints of any undue stress and strain, rather than the plastic system taking the full brunt of the pressure surge all by itself.

36 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Even though the AA size is often thought of as residential, it can certainly be specified for commercial projects as well. Its ASSE listing and fixture-unit rating of 4 makes it ideal for sizing and specification on projects such as hotels, motels, or multi-family. For example, a common mistake in hotel arrester sizing and placement is specifying one large multi-fixture arrester centrally located between several rooms. Worse yet, sometimes one arrester is specified to cover an entire floor. No matter how large the arrester is, the centrally located placement will not suffice. Large multi-fixture arresters work great on a commercial rest room with a bank of fixtures all on the same header; but when the branch lines go off in many directions, like in a hotel, smaller arresters placed at the point of use would be a better solution.
To insure proper water hammer control on this type of project, specify a pair of AA arresters at each tub/shower valve (a common water hammer culprit). For the typical hotel back-to-back bathroom configuration, one pair of AAs will suffice for both valves (see below) since the chance of simultaneous shut-off of both valves is almost nil.
The product innovation of AA arresters has created dramatic effects at the code level as well. In the past five years, there have been major code revisions concerning water hammer control. In 1996, IAPMO published its UPC Installation Standard IS 20-96 for CPVC piping systems, which required arresters on all solenoid valves supplied with CPVC tubing. When this was first published, the UPC had yet to require arresters on other piping materials.
Then in 1997, IAPMO added Section 609.10 Water Hammer Control to the main body of the Uniform Plumbing Code, and then updated it in the UPC2000 revision. This section calls out the requirement of listed mechanical devices on all quick closing valves in all potable water systems. It does not make exceptions for any piping material CPVC, copper, PEX or otherwise. Because of this new water hammer control requirement covering all piping

systems, including CPVC, the secondary reference to water hammer control in the CPVC Installation Standard was deleted in 1998, evidently due to redundancy.
The International Plumbing Code (IPC-2000) also has a very similar requirement for water hammer control in its Section 604.9. AA arresters conforming to the ASSE 1010 Standard fulfill the product requirements of this code as well. IPC states that arresters should be installed per manufacturer's instructions. Therefore, if the arrester manufacturer states its arrester can be installed without access, then no access panels are required. Several states are already enforcing this section, and other states are planning to do so this year.

Appendix

www.siouxchief.com 37

Appendix
Location
Calipatria, CA Chowchilla, CA Coalinga, CA Corcoran, CA Crescent City, CA Delano, CA Oroville, CA San Mateo, CA Santa Paula, CA Wasco, CA Denver, CO Niantic, CT Gainesville, FL Miami, FL Orlando, FL Thomasville, GA Decatur, GA Ina, IL Harrisburg, IL Peoria, IL Kokomo, IN Noblesville, IN El Dorado, KS Ellsworth, KS Emporia, KS Lansing, KS Larned, KS Wichita, KS Manchester, KY Warren, ME Baraga, MI Greene County, MS Monrovia, NY New York, NY Portland, OR Allenwood, PA Pittsburgh, PA Dauphin, PA Waynesburg, PA Ridgeland, SC Turbeville, SC Abilene, TX Amarillo, TX Childress, TX

Name of Job
Correctional Facilities Northern Imperial County State Prison Madera State Prison Coalinga State Prison Corcoran Prison Del Norte California State Prison California State Prison F.M. Booth Butte County Jail West County Detention Center Ventura County Jail State Prison Women's Correction Facility Womens Institution Alachua County Detention Center South Florida Reception/Correction Center Central Florida Reception/Correction Center Thomas County Jail DeKalb County Jail Rend Lake Correctional Center Saline County Jail Sheridan, Canton Cell Houses Howard County Prison Hamilton County Juvenile Detention Center El Dorado Maximum Security Prison Ellsworth Correctional Facility Lyons County Law Enforcement Center Kansas State Prison Larned State Correctional Facility Hospital Sedgewick County Jail Federal Correctional Institute Maine State Prison Minimum Security Baraga Correctional Facility Southern Mississippi Correctional Facility New York State Maximum Security Facility Metro Jefferson Correctional Facility Donald E. Long Juvenille Justice Center Allenwood Correction Center Allegheny County Jail Dauphin County Prison Green County Jail Ridgeland Prison Turbeville Prison French Robertson Unit-Texas Dept. Amarillo Prison Childress Prison

38 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Units
54 1132 480 188 813 970 44 76 415 1012 300 500 160 102 98 138 465 750 160 732 322 15 160 161 50 118 46 526 559 165 245 212 193 288 128 340 2000 189 665 126 208 933 992 60

Location
Diboll, TX Hondo, TX Lubbock, TX Pampa, TX Texarkana, TX San Diego, TX Waco, TX Roanoke, VA Portsmouth, VA Kenosha, WI Oshkosh, WI
Tuscaloosa, AL Atascadero, CA Bakersfield, CA Rancho Mirage, CA Tustin, CA Healdsburg, CA Fresno, CA Porterville, CA New Britain, CT Orlando, FL Kissimmee, FL Hull, IA Coeur D'Alene, ID Coeur D'Alene, ID Bangor, ME Damariscotta, ME Crow Agency, MT Greenville, NC Winston-Salem, NC Rocky Mount, NC Durham, NC Raleigh, NC Raleigh, NC Lincoln, NE Albuquerque, NM Tioga, NY Utica, NY Columbus, OH Columbus, OH Lawton, OK Altoona, PA Pittsburgh, PA

Name of Job
County Detention Center Substance Abuse Treatment Facility TDCJ Brownfield Prison Gray County Jail Addition Bowie County Jail Substance Abuse Treatment Facility McLennan County Jail Roanoke City Jail Deerfield Correction Center Racine Correctional Institute Oshkosh Correctional Center
Medical Facilities Druid City Hospital Atascadero State Hospital Bakersfield Memorial Hospital Eisenhower Medical Center Kaiser Hospital Healdsburg General Hospital Kaiser Hospital Sierra View Hospital New Britian Hospital University Medical Center Florida Hospital Addition Flyod Hospital Kootenai Medical Center New State Hospital Eastern Maine Medical Center(MRI Bldg.) Miles Hospital Crow Agency Hospital Pitt County Hospital Clinical Service Building Rocky Mount Hospital VA Medical Center UNC Women & Children's Hospital Wake Medical Center Bryan Memorial Hospital Outpatient Building Loveless Multi-Practice Hospital Tioga Hospital / Nursing Home Slocum Dickson Medical Clinic Riverside Hospital Correction Medical Center VA Outpatient Center Altoona Hospital West Penn Hospital

Units
83 121 149 30 55 103 76 30 34 35 427
235 100 230 55 124 20 477 90 115 50 73 20 20 115 19 43 80 190 750 48 50 582 150 165 40 111 200 570 88 92 250 121

Appendix

www.siouxchief.com 39

Appendix
Location
Greenwood, SC Bristol, TN Greenville, TN Nashville, TN Bonham, TX Lubbock, TX Houston, TX Houston, TX Tyler, TX Suffolk, VA Norfolk, VA Fort Lewis, WA Milwaukee, WI Milwaukee, WI Charleston, WV
Pomona, CA New Britain, CT Palm Beach Garden, FL Atlanta, GA Atlanta, GA Iowa City, IA Pekin, IL Bloomington, IL Bloomington, IN Indianapolis, IN Indianapolis, IN Indianapolis, IN Jasper, IN Muncee, IN Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Greensboro, NC Brooklyn, NY Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY Oxford, OH Guthrie, OK Norman, OK Altoona, PA Erie, PA Landisville, PA Moscow, PA Saint Matthews, SC

Name of Job
Self Memorial Hospital Bristol Regional Medical Center Laughlin Hospital Centennial Medical Center VA Hospital Methodist Hospital Cypress Fair Womens Medical Center Kingwood Hospital East Texas Medical Center Lakeview Medical Center Childrens Hospital Maddigan VA Hospital Milwaukee City Medical Complex Childrens Hospital of Wisconsin CAMC Hospital
Schools Pomona College Central Connecticut State University Eissey Theatre, Palm Beach Comm. College Georgia Industrial Institute University Apartments (96 Olympics) Hillcrest Dormitory CB Smith School Indiana University- Sports and Rec Building Monroe County High School Center Grove High School North Central High School Indianapolis Public School 14, #269 Ireland Elementary Burris School Cheyenne High School Memorial High School NCAT University Dorm Renovation Brooklyn Occupational Training Center Public School IS# 171 University of Buffalo Housing University Commons Guthrie Elementary School Oklahoma University Energy Center Blairsville, High School Erie County VOTEC Hemsfield High School Moscow Elementary School John Ford Middle School

40 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Units
89 240 200 285 190 48 76 123 95 32 215 398 32 350 156
51 145 20 146 410 96 50 48 50 52 36 61 46 50 34 34 105 60 25 360 128 31 72 30 35 94 40 68

Location
Aiken, SC Highland Park, TX Houston, TX College Station, TX Grapevine, TX Lubbock, TX Leesburg, VA Midlothian, VA Sopkane, WA Spokane, WA Antigo, WI Madison, WI
Fort Ord, CA Fresno, CA Twenty-Nine Palms, CA Denver, CO Ft. Walton Beach, FL Ft. Walton Beach, FL Mayport, FL Panama City, FL Sorrento, FL Fort Benning, GA St. Mary's, GA Moanalua, HI Pearl City, HI Schofield, HI Glenview, IL Fort Riley, KS Bossier , LA Camp Lejeune, NC Fort Bragg, NC Fort Bragg, NC Fort Bragg, NC Eatontown, NJ Clovis, NM Holman, NM Watertown, NY Altus, OK Fort Sill, OK Fort Sill, OK Columbus, OH Mechanicsburg, PA Newport, RI

Name of Job
Aiken High School Gym Highland Park Middle School Spring Branch Elementary School New Junior High School Grapevine/Colleyville ISD Elementary School Texas Tech. Univ. Health Sciences Building Lowden County Schools Bailey's Bridge High School Chase Middle School Hamblen School Antigo High School Beloit Memorial High School
U.S. Military Military Housing Lemoore Naval Station U.S. Marine Corp Base Lowry AFB Military Housing Eglin AFB Military Housing Hurlburt Field Military Housing Rebault Bay Village Military Housing Coastal Dining Facility Patrick Air Force Base Housing Military Housing King's Bay Submarine Base Military Base Military Base Military Housing Glenview Naval Airbase Military Housing Barstow AFB Military Housing Bachelors Enlisted Quarters Military Housing Military Housing (Barracks) Military Housing Fort Monmouth Army Military Base Cannon AFB Dorm Holman AFB Enlisted Housing Fort Drum Military Housing Altus AFB Military Housing Military Housing Barracks Renovation DCSC Operation Center Naval Control Parts Center Naval Education & Training Center

Units
43 50 100 43 37 96 78 95 48 140 25 32
1142 840 584 368 505 482 1232 40 250 456 164 1292 780 148 400 50 100 426 1156 238 528 58 35 740 182 426 671 264 272 61 660

Appendix

www.siouxchief.com 41

Appendix
Location
Box Elder, SD San Antonio, TX Fort Hood, TX Fort Hood, TX Shepherd, TX Fort Belvoir, VA Fort Belvoir, VA Williamsburg, VA Woodbridge, VA McChord, WA Yakima, WA
Fairbanks, AK Novato, CA Redwood Valley, CA Augusta, GA Cartersville, GA Marietta, GA Honolulu, HI Wichita, KS Landover, MD Bath, ME St. Louis, MO Box Eldr, MT Sparks, NV Pittsburgh, PA Charleston, SC Coyce, SC Effingham, SC
Ocean Springs, AL Boynton Beach, FL Ft. Lauderdal, FL Kissimmee, FL Lake Buena Vista, FL Orlando, FL Orlando, FL Orlando, FL Honolulu, HI Rockfork, IL Malden, MA Lansing, MI Traverse City, MI Branson, MO

Name of Job
Ellsworth AFB Military Housing Military Housing Military Housing Barracks Renovation Enlisted Dormitory Army Military Housing Army Military Housing Dormitory Training Facility, Camp Perry Navy Apartments Village #1 and #3 McChord AFB Military Housing
State/Federal Government HUD 40 Fire Station Northern Circle Indian Housing Authority Delta Homes (HUD) Cartersville Housing Authority (HUD) Marietta Housing Authority (HUD) Helemano Government Housing Project Kansas State Office Building Sommerfield Housing Project West Bath District Court House Convention Center Addition Indian Housing Authority Pyramid Lake Indian Housing Authority Crowley Manor Housing Project (HUD) Charleston Ship Yard (Public Works Facility) U. S. Postal Office Florence Civic Center
Hospitality Sleep Inn Hotel Marriott Hotel Comfort Suites Hotel All-Star Resort Magnolia Bend Disney Hotel Clarion Hotel Comfort Suites Hotel Omni Rosen Hotel Hapuna Beach Hotel Econo-Lodge Gateway Hotel Quality Inn Hotel Park Place Motel Holiday Inn

42 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Units
1620 284 176 176 762 1328 79 61 706 300 400
80 30 50 250 150 130 340 70 2021 17 57 80 70 330 35 55 460
65 100 29 1296 528 338 120 236 45 100 336 240 80 250

Location
Branson, MO Branson, MO Branson, MO Branson, MO Osage Beach, MO Las Vegas, NV Durham, NC Corning, NY Oklahoma City, OK Myrtle Beach, SC Hilton Head, SC Chesepeake, VA Ayudhya, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand

Name of Job
Seven Gables Motel Green Mountain Inn Holiday Hill Resort Grand Victorian Inn Marriott Tan Tara MGM Grand Hotel Hilton Hotel Perri's Days Inn Marriott Hotel Beach Cove Inn Motel/Hotel Grande Ocean Resort Marriott Hotel Krung Sri Riverside Hotel Amarit Watergate Hotel Ayothaya Thani Hotel Bai Yok Tower II

Units
40 35 48 60 40 150 92 64 191 520 40 33 39 47 633 22

Appendix

www.siouxchief.com 43

WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS
660-SERIES

MiniResterTM

SPECIFICATION Sioux Chief 660 Series piston-type water hammer arresters shall be required in piping systems. Water hammer arresters shall be AA size to control water hammer caused by quick-closing valves on residential fixtures. Arresters shall be effective when installed at any angle. Arresters shall be approved for installation with no access panel required. Water hammer arresters shall be ANSI/ASSE 1010 2004 certified. Arresters shall be sized and placed per manufacturer's instructions.

ITEM # SUBMITTED JOB NAME LOCATION ENGINEER CONTRACTOR PO# TAG

MATERIALS Arrester body: type L copper tube (660-G2B body is 304 stainless steel) Piston: poly piston with two EPDM o-rings Fitting: no-lead brass or copper Piston lubrication: Dow-Corning, 111 FDA approved silicone compound

WORKING LIMITS* Max working temperature: 250ºF Max working pressure: 250 PSIG Burst tested: to 1,500 PSIG
*PEX and CPVC connection specifications are limited to those called out in their respective ASTM Standards for Fittings (CPVC D2846, PEX F1807 & F1960).

660-G2B

660-SB

INSTALLATION Angle: May be installed at any angle Access panels: No access panels required Sweat connection: Compatible with Press Fittings or Push Fittings

seamless chamber end
pressurized air cushion

SIZING & PLACEMENT Refer to instructions on product package, catalog or website.
CERTIFICATIONS/APPROVALS Certified by ASSE to the ANSI/ASSE 1010-2004 standard, AA size cUPC listed to UPC and Canadian codes and standards

poly piston with two EPDM o-rings lubricated with Dow-Corning, 111 FDA approved silicone compound
multiple connection options available

DIMENSIONS

Male Thread

Arrester size

Overall height 3" Chamber width " Connection size ½"

Volume (cu. in.) 1.4

Fixture units

Male Sweat
AA 6½" " ½" 1.4 14

Male CPVC
AA 4¼" " ½" 1.4 14

CPVC Socket
AA 3" " ½" 1.4 14

F1807 F1960 PEX PEX AA AA 4¼" 5¼" " " ½" ½" 1.4 1.4 14 14

Viega PEX AA 5¼" " ½" 1.4 14

Push Fitting
AA 5¼" " ½" 1.4 14

MIP

Sweat

Male CPVC Socket CPVC

F1807 PEX F1960 PEX Viega PEX Push Fitting

Choose Item Number

660-G2B = AA size, MIP 660-SB = AA size, sweat 660-V82B = AA size, male CPVC 660-V2B = AA size, CPVC socket

660-X2B = AA size, F1807 PEX 660-WG2B = AA size, F1960 PEX 660-GVPX2B = AA size, Viega PEX 660-Q2B = AA size, push fitting

Sioux Chief Manufacturing Company | P: 1.800.821.3944 | F: 1.800.758.5950 | www.siouxchief.com 5-18

44 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS
660-GTR SERIES

MiniResterTM

SPECIFICATION Sioux Chief 660-GTR piston-type water hammer arresters shall be installed where required on supply valves. Water hammer arresters shall be specifically sized and have sufficient volume of air to dissipate the calculated kinetic energy generated by closing residential or commercial faucets or valves. Arresters shall be installed on both hot and cold lines on the supply stops where applicable. Arresters shall be approved for installation with no access panel required.

MATERIALS Arrester body: 304 stainless steel Piston: polypropylene with two EPDM o-rings Tee body: nickel-plated no-lead machined brass

WORKING LIMITS Max working temperature: 250ºF Max working pressure: 250 PSIG Burst tested to: 1,500 PSIG

INSTALLATION Install MiniRester compression connections to supply stops and supply lines. Approved for installation with no access panels required.

CERTIFICATIONS/APPROVALS Certified by ASSE to the ANSI/ASSE 1010-2004 standard, AA size cUPC listed to UPC and Canadian codes and standards

DIMENSIONS
Overall height Trunk width

¼" OD 4" 2"

" OD 4" 2"

" OD 4¼" 2½"

ITEM # SUBMITTED JOB NAME LOCATION ENGINEER CONTRACTOR PO# TAG

660-GTR0B

660-GTRB

660-GTR1B

seamless chamber end pressurized air cushion
A
poly piston with two EPDM o-rings lubricated with Dow-Corning, 111 FDA approved silicone compound

Choose Item Number

660-GTROB = ¼" OD compression × female compression 660-GTR1B = " OD compression × female compression 660-GTRB = " OD compression × female compression

Sioux Chief Manufacturing Company | P: 1.800.821.3944 | F: 1.800.758.5950 | www.siouxchief.com 5-18

www.siouxchief.com 45

WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS
650 SERIES

HydraResterTM

SPECIFICATION Sioux Chief 650 Series piston-type water hammer arresters shall be required in piping systems. Water hammer arresters shall have sufficient volume of air to dissipate the calculated kinetic energy generated in the piping system. Arresters shall be effective when installed at any angle. Arresters shall be approved for installation with no access panel required. Water hammer arresters shall be ANSI/ASSE 1010 2004 certified. Arresters shall be sized and placed per manufacturer's instructions.

INSTALLATION May be installed at any angle. No access panels required. Compatible with Press Fittings or Push Fittings. Refer to instructions on product package, catalog or website.

MATERIALS Arrester body: type L copper tube Piston: poly piston with two EPDM o-rings Male thread fitting: copper MIP thread Piston lubrication: Dow-Corning, 111 FDA approved silicone compound PEX F1960 fitting: No Lead EcoBrass 69300

CERTIFICATIONS/APPROVALS Certified by ASSE to the ANSI/ASSE 1010-2004 standard

WORKING LIMITS* Max working temperature: 250º Max working pressure: 350 PSIG Burst tested: to 2,900 PSIG
*PEX and CPVC connection specifications are limited to those called out in their respective ASTM Standards for Fittings (CPVC D2846, PEX F1807, PEX 1960).

DIMENSIONS
Arrester size Overall height Male thread Male sweat CPVC PEX F1807 PEX F1960 Chamber width Connection size Volume (cu. in.) Fixture units

6½" 8¼" 7½" 6½" 6½" 13 8" ½"
5 111

8¾" 10" 9½" 8¾" 8¾" 13 8" ¾" 7 1232

11" 12½" 12" 11" 11" 13 8"
1" 11 3360

D
101 8" 11" -- -- -- 21 8" 1" 20 61113

E
125 8 13½"
-- -- -- 21 8" 1" 29 114154

F
151 8" 16" -- -- -- 21 8" 1" 36 155330

ITEM # SUBMITTED JOB NAME LOCATION ENGINEER CONTRACTOR PO# TAG

652-A

cold-rolled, spun closed seamless
chamber end
pressurized air cushion
poly piston with two EPDM o-rings lubricated with Dow-Corning, 111
FDA approved silicone compound

seamless cold formed reduction

lead-free

solder joint

MIP

CPVC

PEX F1807 Male Sweat PEX F1960

Choose Item Number
652-A = A size, MIP 653-B = B size, MIP 654-C = C size, MIP 655-D = D size, MIP 656-E = E size, MIP 657-F = F size, MIP

652-AS = Sweat/Press-Fit 653-BS = Sweat/Press-Fit 654-CS = Sweat/Press-Fit 655-DS = Sweat/Press-Fit 656-ES = Sweat/Press-Fit 657-FS = Sweat/Press-Fit

652-AX = A size, PEX 1807 653-BX = B size, PEX 1807 654-CX = C size, PEX 1807 652-AWG = A size, PEX 1960 653-BWG = B size, PEX 1960 654-CWG = C size, PEX 1960

652-AC = A size, CPVC socket 653-BC = B size, CPVC socket 654-CC = C size, CPVC socket

Sioux Chief Manufacturing Company | P: 1.800.821.3944 | F: 1.800.758.5950 | www.siouxchief.com 8-19

46 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS
658 SERIES

MegaResterTM

SPECIFICATION Sioux Chief 658 Series piston-type water hammer arresters shall be installed where required in piping systems. Water hammer arresters shall have sufficient volume of air to dissipate the calculated kinetic energy generated in the piping system. Arresters shall have a permanently sealed tube body with factory air charge, and shall be available with male thread or flanged connection. Arresters shall be sized and placed per manufacturer's instructions.
MATERIALS Arrester body Copper/brass: 4" O.D. type L copper tube Stainless steel: 4¼" O.D. 316 stainless steel tube

Male thread fitting Copper/brass: wrought copper fitting (ANSI B1.20.1), lead-free solder joint Stainless steel: 316 stainless steel fitting (ANSI B1.20.1), welded flange

Flange Copper/brass: cast brass flange (ANSI B16.24), lead free solder joint Stainless steel: 316 stainless steel flange (ANSI B16.24), welded Piston: acetal piston, dual EPDM o-rings lubricated with Dow 111, FDAapproved silicone compound. Gauge: 600 lb. liquid-filled

WORKING LIMITS Max working temperature: 250ºF Max working pressure: 350 PSIG Burst tested: to 2,900 PSIG

DIMENSIONS
658-1503 658-2002 658-2004 658-4004 658-4004F2 658S2002 658S2004F2 658S4004F2

Height (with gauge) 23.25" 29.25" 24.50" 42.50" 41.75" 24.25" 24.00" 40.00"

ITEM # SUBMITTED JOB NAME LOCATION ENGINEER CONTRACTOR PO# TAG

658-2004

658S4004F2

liquid filled gauge
factory air charge
copper or stainless steel
tube wall
polypropylene dual o-ring piston

Choose Item Number
658-1503 = copper, 3" MIP, 150 in3 658-2002 = copper, 2" MIP, 200 in3 658-2004 = copper, 4" MIP, 200 in3 658-4004 = copper, 4" MIP, 400 in3 658-4004F2 = copper, 4" flange, 400 in3

658S2002 = stainless steel, 2" MIP, 200 in3 658S2004F2 = stainless steel, 4" flange, 200 in3 658S4004F2 = stainless steel, 4" flange, 400 in3

Sioux Chief Manufacturing Company | P: 1.800.821.3944 | F: 1.800.758.5950 | www.siouxchief.com 5-18

www.siouxchief.com 47

Notes:
48 Engineer Report Water Hammer Control

Sioux Chief Manufacturing
LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY

Warranty
Sioux Chief Mfg. Co., Inc. ("Seller" or "the Seller") warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal usage for the lifetime of the plumbing system in which they were originally incorporated. In the event of such defects within the warranty period, the Company will, at its option, replace or recondition the product without charge. This remedy shall be effective only if the product was installed in accordance with supplied instructions, common installation or use practices and existing building and plumbing codes and legal requirements; has not been subjected to misuse or abuse; was at all times used in a manner consistent with its intended use; was at all times used in installations and environments acceptable to its material and design specifications; was never modified, altered or repaired by anyone other than the Seller; was properly subjected to and passed common testing methods (including pressure testing for potable water and drainage systems) immediately after the product's installation and before the product is put into service; was not damaged by freezing, corrosion, degradation or other adverse water, atmospheric or other natural conditions; was never subjected to improper protection during the installation or exposure to water pressures or temperatures outside acceptable operating conditions. In addition, Seller shall not be responsible for any incidental, special or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost profits or the cost of repairing or replacing other property which is damaged, other costs resulting from labor charges, delays, vandalism, negligence, fouling caused by foreign material, chemical or any other circumstances over which the Seller has no control. This warranty excludes all costs arising from routine maintenance, including the replacement of any parts required by such maintenance and the replacement of parts required by normal wear and tear. The Seller also reserves the right to modify, alter or improve its product, or parts thereof, at any time without incurring an obligation to notify or modify, alter, improve or replace any product, or parts thereof, previously sold. If, on any occasion, Seller waives any term or condition, this waiver is not to be construed as a continuing waiver. For the purposes of this warranty, the lifetime of the original plumbing system is defined as the lesser of 25 years or the time before the plumbing system was replaced or materially changed; all products with automatically or manually moving parts are excluded from the limited lifetime warranty and carry a 3-year limited warranty, subject to the remaining terms, conditions and limitations of the warranty. Some States do not allow or have other parameters governing limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, and some States do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages. This Limited Warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights that vary from State to State. You should consult applicable state laws to determine your rights. THE WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN ABOVE AND BELOW IS GIVEN EXPRESSLY AND IS THE ONLY WARRANTY GIVEN BY THE COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT. THE COMPANY MAKES NO OT HER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. THE COMPANY HEREBY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Terms & Conditions
All sales are subject to the Standard Terms and Conditions set forth on Sioux Chief's website at www. siouxchief.com. These terms include the following:
Returned Goods
No material shall be returned without authorization. When credit is issued it will be at the price charged, less handling charges based on costs of reconditioning, boxing, etc. Products that are obsolete or made to special order are not returnable. No merchandise will be accepted by Seller as a return unless such return is authorized in writing by Seller.
Returned Goods & Warranty Service
In order to return product or receive warranty service, customers must obtain a Return Goods Authorization ("RGA") by contacting Seller using the following information:
MAIL: Customer Service Manager Sioux Chief Manufacturing Company, Inc. 14940 Thunderbird Road Kansas City, Missouri 64147
PHONE: 816-425-9900 / 1-800-821-3944
FAX: 816-348-7502 / 1-800-758-5950
EMAIL: info@siouxchief.com
Returned Goods Procedure
RGA requests must reference Seller's order number, invoice number or the customer's P.O. number, and must be less than twelve months old.
In order to be received, all returned material must be in multiples of the stated catalog minimum order quantity and in original condition.
Specials or custom-made products are not considered normal stock and therefore cannot be returned, except in case of manufacturer's defect.
Customers will be charged 25% of invoice price for product restocking.
RGA is invalid if referenced product is not received within 90 days of an RGA issue date.
Issuance of the RGA does not authorize the customer to deduct the value of the return; once product is received by Seller and found to be in acceptable condition, Seller will issue a credit memo for returned product when applicable.
Seller reserves the right to deny, nullify or cancel an RGA at its discretion.
Seller will only supply product credit for a return or warranty claim.
Seller can reject a return for any reason at any time.
Warranty Procedure - Product & Property
If there is a warranty claim on a part that involves property or other damage, Seller should be contacted by phone or in writing directly following the loss, and in no case later than 15 days of the date of alleged claim or failure and before any remediation or alteration of the loss site has been started; any notice beyond this time frame or after work has taken place to repair or change the loss site will materially affect the Seller's ability to adjudicate the claim and will void the warranty.

The product in claim and/or its installation should not be modified before review by Seller; alteration of the alleged product or installation materially affects the Seller's ability to establish fault and voids the warranty.
Upon submitting the claim according to this procedure and timing, claimant will receive a RGA number from Seller.
With the RGA number, claimant should submit a formal report of the claim, including the date of the installation, a description of the problem and damage and pictures of the product and damage (if possible). This information should be sent to the above address at claimant's expense. Seller will not receive or process a claim without an RGA number.
Seller will contact claimant with next steps, which may include a visit from a site investigator or other representatives of Seller, as Seller reserves the right to investigate all alleged loss sites.
Seller shall not be responsible for shipping errors reported 5 days after receipt of material.
Seller shall not be responsible for shipment shortages that are signed for as clear.
Full Freight Allowance
Sioux Chief will pay freight on all orders to single destinations totaling at least $2,000 net to locations within the 48 contiguous states (United States of America), at least $2,500 net to locations within Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico, and at least $2,000 CAD net to locations within Canada.
Processing of Orders
All orders are processed immediately upon receipt and acceptance by Seller. Seller reserves the right to charge back to Buyer costs incurred from order cancellations or changes, and to consider additions as separate orders.
Price Changes
All prices quoted from time to time by Seller are subject to change without notice up to time of shipment. Invoice totals and discounts will be calculated out to the fourth decimal digit. If Buyer fails to give written notice of objection to Sioux Chief's order confirmation within ten (10) days after Buyer's receipt of Sioux Chief's confirmation of the purchase order, the order confirmation pricing becomes binding.
Minimum Order Quantities
A 10% surcharge will be applied to any item not purchased in multiples of the stated Minimum Quantity, except on drop-ship orders. Items with bold Minimum Quantities in the Numerical Index (back of catalog) can never be broken.

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