R&S VSE-K96 OFDM VSA User Manual
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R&S VSE-K96 OFDM VSA User Manual
R&S VSE-K96 OFDM VSA User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz
This manual applies to the following software, version 1.90 and later: R&S VSE Enterprise Edition base software (1345.1105.06) R&S VSE Basic Edition base software (1345.1011.06) The following software options ar…
R&S VSE-K96 OFDM VSA User Manual - Rohde & Schwarz
User Manual 1178.5637.02 ─ 07. 1 Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analy- sis (VSA) Application. The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application performs vector ...
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R&S�VSE-K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Application User Manual
(;��U2)
1178563702 Version 07
This manual applies to the following software, version 1.90 and later: R&S�VSE Enterprise Edition base software (1345.1105.06) R&S�VSE Basic Edition base software (1345.1011.06) The following software options are described: R&S VSE-K96 (1320.7922.02)
� 2020 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG M�hldorfstr. 15, 81671 M�nchen, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change � data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S� is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners. 1178.5637.02 | Version 07 | R&S�VSE-K96 Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the � symbol, e.g. R&S�VSE is indicated as R&S VSE.
R&S�VSE-K96
Contents
Contents
1 Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) Application ................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis....................................................................... 5 1.2 Starting the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application........................................................... 6 1.3 Understanding the Display Information......................................................................7
2 OFDM VSA Measurement and Results...............................................10
2.1 OFDM VSA Parameters...............................................................................................10 2.2 Evaluation Methods for OFDM VSA Measurements................................................ 11
3 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 31
3.1 General Information on OFDM Signals..................................................................... 31 3.2 Signal Processing....................................................................................................... 38
4 Configuring OFDM VSA Measurements.............................................42
4.1 Configuration Overview..............................................................................................42 4.2 Signal Description.......................................................................................................44 4.3 Input and Frontend Settings...................................................................................... 48 4.4 Trigger Settings...........................................................................................................63 4.5 Data Acquisition..........................................................................................................66 4.6 Burst Search................................................................................................................70 4.7 Result Ranges............................................................................................................. 71 4.8 Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking......................................................... 71 4.9 Adjusting Settings Automatically..............................................................................76
5 Creating a Configuration File Using the Wizard................................78
5.1 Understanding the R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard Display....................79 5.2 Configuration Steps....................................................................................................86 5.3 Reference of Wizard Menu Functions....................................................................... 91 5.4 Example: Creating a Configuration File from an Input Signal................................ 94
6 Analyzing OFDM VSA Vector Signals.............................................. 102
6.1 Result Configuration.................................................................................................102 6.2 Table Configuration...................................................................................................104 6.3 Units........................................................................................................................... 105
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Contents
6.4 Y-Scaling.................................................................................................................... 106 6.5 Markers...................................................................................................................... 108 6.6 Trace Settings............................................................................................................113 6.7 Trace / Data Export Configuration........................................................................... 115
7 How to Perform Measurements in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.......................................................................................................118
8 Remote Commands for OFDM VSA..................................................120
8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 120 8.2 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................125 8.3 Activating OFDM VSA Measurements.....................................................................125 8.4 Configuring OFDM VSA............................................................................................126 8.5 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 179 8.6 Configuring the Result Display................................................................................204 8.7 Retrieving Results.....................................................................................................213 8.8 Status Reporting System......................................................................................... 237 8.9 Deprecated Commands............................................................................................ 239 8.10 Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis.......................................240
Annex.................................................................................................. 245
A Menu Reference................................................................................. 247
A.1 Common R&S VSE Menus....................................................................................... 247 A.2 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Menus......................................................................249
B Reference of Toolbar Functions....................................................... 252
C Formulae............................................................................................. 256
C.1 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)................................................................................. 256 C.2 I/Q Impairments......................................................................................................... 257
List of Remote Commands (OFDM VSA)......................................... 258
Index....................................................................................................264
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Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) Application Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis
1 Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) Application
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application performs vector and scalar measurements on digitally modulated OFDM signals. To perform the measurements it converts RF signals into the complex baseband.
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application features:
Analysis of non-standard and standard-conform OFDM systems I/Q-based measurement results such as EVM, constellation diagrams, power spec-
trum
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the I/Q Analyzer application and are described in the R&S VSE base software user manual. The latest version is available for download at the product homepage http://www.rohdeschwarz.com/product/VSE.html.
Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis.......................................................................5 Starting the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application......................................................... 6 Understanding the Display Information..................................................................... 7
1.1 Introduction to Vector Signal Analysis
The goal of vector signal analysis is to determine the quality of the signal that is transmitted by the device under test (DUT) by comparing it against an ideal signal. The DUT is usually connected with the analyzer via a cable. The key task of the analyzer is to determine the ideal signal. Hence, the analyzer aims to reconstruct the ideal signal from the measured signal that is transmitted by the DUT. This ideal signal is commonly referred to as the reference signal, while the signal from the DUT is called the measurement signal.
After extracting the reference signal, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application compares the measurement signal and the reference signal, and the results of this comparison are displayed.
Example:
The most common vector signal analysis measurement is the EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) measurement. Here, the complex baseband reference signal is subtracted from the complex baseband measurement signal. The magnitude of this error vector represents the EVM value. The EVM has the advantage that it "summarizes" all potential errors and distortions in one single value. If the EVM value is low, the signal quality of the DUT is high.
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Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) Application Starting the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application
Figure 1-1: Simplified schema of vector signal analysis
1.2 Starting the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application
OFDM Vector Signal Analysis is a separate application on the R&S VSE. It is activated by creating a new measurement channel in OFDM VSA mode. To activate the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application 1.
Select the "Add Channel" function in the Sequence tool window. A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available in your R&S VSE.
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Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) Application Understanding the Display Information
2. Select the "OFDM VSA" item.
The R&S VSE opens a new measurement channel for the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
1.3 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
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1 2
1
Welcome to the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) Application Understanding the Display Information
3
4
5
1 = Color coding for windows of same channel 2 = Channel bar with measurement settings 3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information 4 = Diagram area 5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on result display
Channel bar information
In the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, the R&S VSE shows the following settings:
Table 1-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in R&S VSE OFDM VSA application application
Ref Level
Reference level
Att
Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq
Center frequency for the RF signal
Offset
Reference level offset
SRate
Sample Rate
Config
Currently loaded configuration file
Capture Time
How long data was captured in current sweep
FFT
FFT size
CP Length
Cyclic prefix length
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
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0
12
34
5
67
Figure 1-2: Window title bar information in R&S VSE OFDM VSA application
0 = Color coding for windows of same channel 1 = Edit result display function 2 = Channel name 3 = Window number 4 = Window type 5 = Trace color, trace number, trace mode 6 = Dock/undock window function 7 = Close window function
Diagram area
The diagram area displays the results according to the selected result displays (see Chapter 2.2, "Evaluation Methods for OFDM VSA Measurements", on page 11).
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop symbols or time of the evaluation range.
Status bar information
The software status, errors and warnings and any irregularities in the software are indicated in the status bar at the bottom of the R&S VSE window.
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OFDM VSA Measurement and Results OFDM VSA Parameters
2 OFDM VSA Measurement and Results
For each measurement, a separate measurement channel is activated. Each measurement channel can provide multiple result displays, which are displayed in individual windows. The measurement windows can be rearranged and configured in the R&S VSE to meet your requirements. All windows that belong to the same measurement (including the channel bar) are indicated by a colored line at the top of the window title bar.
To add further result displays for the OFDM VSA channel
Select the "Add Window" icon from the toolbar, or select the "Window > New Window" menu item.
For details on working with channels and windows, see the "Operating Basics" chapter in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
OFDM VSA Parameters..........................................................................................10 Evaluation Methods for OFDM VSA Measurements............................................... 11
2.1 OFDM VSA Parameters
Several signal parameters are determined during vector signal analysis and displayed in the Result Summary.
For details concerning the calculation of individual parameters, see Chapter C, "Formulae", on page 256.
Table 2-1: OFDM VSA parameters
Parameter
Description
SCPI Parameter *)
EVM All [%/dB]
Error Vector Magnitude of the payload symbols over all carri- EVM[:ALL] ers (except the guard carriers)
EVM Data Symbols Error Vector Magnitude of the payload symbols over all data EVM:DATA
[%/dB]
carriers
EVM Pilot Symbols [%/dB]
Error Vector Magnitude of the payload symbols over all pilot EVM:PILot carriers
MER [dB]
Average Modulation Error Ratio (MER) for all data and all pilot cells of the analyzed frames. The MER is the ratio of the RMS power of the ideal reference signal to the RMS power of the error vector.
MER[:ALL]
I/Q offset [dB]
Transmitter center frequency leakage relative to the total Tx IQOFset channel power
Gain imbalance [dB] Amplification of the quadrature phase component of the sig- GIMBalance nal relative to the amplification of the in-phase component
*) Required to retrieve the parameter result, See FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>:<statistic> on page 217
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Parameter
Description
SCPI Parameter *)
Quadrature error [�]
Phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating
QUADerror
from the ideal 90 degrees; measure for crosstalk from the Q-
branch into the I-branch
Frequency Error [Hz]
Frequency error between the signal and the currently defined FERRor center frequency
The absolute frequency error includes the frequency error of the connected instrument and that of the DUT. If possible, the transmitter connected instrument and the DUT should be synchronized (using an external reference).
See R&S VSE base software user manual > "Configuring Instruments"
Sample Clock Error
Clock error between the signal and the sample clock of the R&S VSE in parts per million (ppm), i.e. the symbol timing error
If possible, the transmitter connected instrument and the DUT should be synchronized (using an external reference).
See R&S VSE base software user manual > "Configuring Instruments"
SERRor
Frame Power
Average time domain power of the analyzed signal frame
POWer
Crest factor [dB]
The ratio of the peak power to the mean power of the analyzed signal frame
CRESt
*) Required to retrieve the parameter result, See FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>:<statistic> on page 217
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application also performs statistical evaluation over several frames and displays the following results:
Table 2-2: Calculated summary results
Result type Description
Min
Minimum measured value
Average
Average measured value
Max
Maximum measured value
2.2 Evaluation Methods for OFDM VSA Measurements
The data that was measured by the R&S VSE can be evaluated using various different methods without having to start a new measurement. Which results are displayed depends on the selected evaluation.
The OFDM VSA measurement provides the following evaluation methods:
Allocation Matrix............................................................................................................12 Bitstream....................................................................................................................... 13 CCDF............................................................................................................................ 14 Channel Flatness.......................................................................................................... 15
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Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................15 Constellation vs Carrier.................................................................................................17 Constellation vs Symbol................................................................................................18 EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................19 EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................20 EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier............................................................................................ 21 Group Delay.................................................................................................................. 22 Impulse Response........................................................................................................ 23 Magnitude Capture........................................................................................................24 Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 25 Power vs Carrier........................................................................................................... 25 Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 26 Power vs Symbol vs Carrier..........................................................................................27 Power Spectrum............................................................................................................28 Result Summary............................................................................................................28 Signal Flow....................................................................................................................29 Trigger to Sync.............................................................................................................. 30
Allocation Matrix The Allocation Matrix display is a graphical representation of the OFDM cell structure defined in the currently loaded configuration file.
Use markers to get more detailed information on the individual cells.
Figure 2-1: Allocation Matrix
The legend for the color coding is displayed at the top of the matrix. Markers in the Allocation Matrix Using markers you can detect individual allocation points for a specific symbol or carrier. When you activate a marker in the Allocation Matrix, its position is defined by the symbol and carrier number the point belongs to. The marker result indicates the I and Q values of the point. See also "Markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix" on page 108.
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Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,AMATrix, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 226, see Chapter 8.7.4.1, "Allocation Matrix", on page 231 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 227 Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 187
Bitstream This result display shows a demodulated data stream for the symbols in the currently analyzed result ranges. The different modulation types are indicated by color, as shown in the legend at the top of the window. Guard carriers are not included in the display, but are returned as non-data cells ("---") in trace export files.
The bitstream is derived from the order of the constellation points in the configuration file.
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Example:
For QPSK, the value that is in the first position defines "00", the value that is in the second position defines "01", the value that is in the third position "10" and the last value "11".
Figure 2-2: Extract from configuration file defining the constellation points
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,BITS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.2, "Bitstream", on page 231
CCDF The CCDF results display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. The x-axis displays power relative to the measured mean power.
Figure 2-3: CCDF display
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CCDF, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.3, "CCDF", on page 231 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227
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Channel Flatness The Channel Flatness display shows the amplitude of the channel transfer function vs. carrier.
The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames.
Figure 2-4: Channel Flatness Display
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CHFL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.4, "Channel Flatness", on page 231 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185
Constellation Diagram The Constellation Diagram shows the inphase and quadrature results for the analyzed input data. The ideal points for the selected cell types are displayed for reference purposes.
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Figure 2-5: Constellation diagram
The legend for the color coding is displayed at the top of the matrix. If you click on one of the codes, only the selected constellation points are displayed. Click again, and all constellation points are displayed again (according to the constellation filter, see Chapter 6.1, "Result Configuration", on page 102).
Markers in the Constellation diagram
Using markers you can detect individual constellation points for a specific symbol or carrier. When you activate a marker in the Constellation diagram, its position is defined by the symbol and carrier number the point belongs to. The marker result indicates the I and Q values of the point.
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Figure 2-6: Marker in a Constellation diagram
See also "Markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix" on page 108. Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CONS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.5, "Constellation Diagram", on page 232 Marker I/Q values: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z? on page 223
Constellation vs Carrier The Constellation vs. Carrier display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude results of all analyzed symbols over the corresponding carriers. The inphase values are displayed as yellow dots; the quadrature-values are displayed as blue dots.
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Figure 2-7: Constellation vs. Carrier display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful. Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CCAR, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command", on page 230 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185
Constellation vs Symbol The Constellation vs. Symbol display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude results of all analyzed carriers over the corresponding symbols. The inphase values are displayed as yellow dots; the quadrature-values are displayed as blue dots.
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Figure 2-8: Constellation vs. Symbol display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful. Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,CSYM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command", on page 230 Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 187
EVM vs Carrier The EVM vs Carrier display shows the EVM of each carrier of the analyzed signal frame in the frequency domain. The results are provided in dB. Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over carriers.
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Figure 2-9: EVM vs Carrier display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful. Guard carriers to the left and right of the spectrum are not included in the EVM calculation. However, zero cells and the DC carrier are included.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,EVC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.8, "EVM vs Carrier", on page 233 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185 EVM unit: UNIT:EVM on page 186
EVM vs Symbol The EVM vs. Symbol display shows the EVM of each symbol of the analyzed signal frame in the time domain. The results are provided in dB. Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over symbols.
Blue lines indicate the border between different OFDM frames if more than one frame is analyzed.
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Figure 2-10: EVM vs Symbol display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful. Guard carriers to the left and right of the spectrum are not included in the EVM calculation. However, zero cells and the DC carrier are included.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,EVSY, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.9, "EVM vs Symbol", on page 233 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 187 EVM unit: UNIT:EVM on page 186
EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier The EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier display shows the EVM of each carrier (frequency domain) and in each symbol (time domain) of the analyzed signal frame.
The results are provided in dB or percent, depending on the unit settings.
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Figure 2-11: EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier display
The EVM values are represented by colors. The corresponding color map is displayed at the top of the result display.
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,EVSC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.10, "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier", on page 234 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 227 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185 Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 187 EVM unit: UNIT:EVM on page 186
Group Delay The Group Delay display shows the relative group delay of the transmission channel per carrier.
Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over all analyzed frames.
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Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,GDEL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.12, "Group Delay", on page 234 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185
Impulse Response The Channel Impulse Response display shows the impulse response of the channel and its position within the guard interval. The start and the end of the cyclic prefix are marked with blue lines.
Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over all analyzed frames.
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Figure 2-12: Channel Impulse Response Display
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,IRES, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.13, "Impulse Response", on page 235 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Linear/ logarithmic scaling: UNIT:IRESponse on page 187
Magnitude Capture The capture buffer contains the complete range of captured data for the last sweep. The Magnitude Capture display shows the power of the captured I/Q data in dBm versus time. The analyzed frames are identified with a green bar at the bottom of the Magnitude Capture display.
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Figure 2-13: Magnitude Capture display
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MCAP, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.14, "Magnitude Capture", on page 235 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Time unit: UNIT:TAXes on page 187
Marker Table Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers. This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 Results: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 223
Power vs Carrier The Power vs. Carrier display shows the power of all OFDM symbols in the analyzed signal frames for each carrier. The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth equal to the carrier spacing.
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Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over all analyzed frames.
Figure 2-14: Power vs Carrier display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful. Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PCAR, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.15, "Power vs Carrier", on page 235 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185
Power vs Symbol The Power vs Symbol display shows the power of all OFDM carriers in the analyzed signal frames for each symbol. The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth equal to the carrier spacing. Carriers which contain 'Zero'-cells over the complete symbol range (e.g. guard carriers or DC carrier) are excluded. Multiple traces display statistical evaluations over all analyzed frames. Vertical blue lines indicate the borders between frames.
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Figure 2-15: Power vs Symbol display
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful. Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PSYM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.16, "Power vs Symbol", on page 236 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 187
Power vs Symbol vs Carrier The Power vs Carrier vs Symbol display shows the power of each carrier (= frequency domain) in each symbol (= time domain) of the analyzed signal frames in dBm. The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth that equals the carrier spacing.
Figure 2-16: Power vs Symbol vs Carrier display
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The power levels are represented by colors. The corresponding color map is displayed at the top of the result display.
Note: This result display is only available if synchronization is successful.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PSC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.17, "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier", on page 236 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 227 Carrier unit: UNIT:CAXes on page 185 Symbol unit: UNIT:SAXes on page 187
Power Spectrum The Power Spectrum display shows the power in dBm vs frequency results of the complete capture buffer. This display is always available.
Figure 2-17: Power Spectrum display
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,PSP, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 TRACe:DATA?, see Chapter 8.7.4.18, "Power Spectrum", on page 236 Frequency unit: UNIT:FAXes on page 186
Result Summary The Result Summary table provides numerical measurement results. Statistical evaluation is performed over all analyzed frames within the capture buffer.
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Figure 2-18: Result Summary display
Note: If only one frame is available for analysis, the minimum and maximum values are not displayed, as they are identical to the average value. For details on the individual results, see Table 2-1. Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,RSUM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 Results: FETCh:SUMMary[:ALL]? on page 215
Signal Flow The Signal Flow display shows a detailed description of the current measurement status. If demodulation is not successful, it provides useful hints on possible reasons. Unused blocks are shown in gray.
Figure 2-19: Signal Flow display
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For the synchronization blocks, a colored bar provides information about the reliability of the synchronization result. If the level in the bar falls below the thresholds indicated by the horizontal line, the color of the bar changes from green to yellow and finally to red. If the synchronization of the block fails, all succeeding arrows change their color, too.
For detailed information about the complete synchronization process, refer to Chapter 3.2.2.1, "Synchronization Block", on page 39.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,SFL, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 Retrieving results: Chapter 8.7.2, "Retrieving Signal Flow Results", on page 217
Trigger to Sync Indicates the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the first OFDM frame. One value per capture is displayed.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,TRIG, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 Retrieving results: FETCh:TTFRame? on page 217
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3 Measurement Basics
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used in OFDM vector signal analysis is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings.
General Information on OFDM Signals................................................................... 31 Signal Processing................................................................................................... 38
3.1 General Information on OFDM Signals
OFDMA................................................................................................................... 31 OFDM Parameterization......................................................................................... 32
3.1.1 OFDMA
In an OFDM system, the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers, called subcarriers, which are orthogonal to each other. Each of these subcarriers is independently modulated by a low rate data stream.
OFDM is used as well in WLAN, WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB. OFDM has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture.
Figure 3-1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal taken from 3GPP TR 25.892. Data symbols are independently modulated and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers. In the OFDM-VSA common modulation schemes as QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM can be defined as well as arbitrary distributed constellation points.
In the time domain, a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat interOFDM-symbol-interference due to channel delay spread. In EUTRA, the guard interval is a cyclic prefix which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol.
Figure 3-1: Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
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In practice, the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) digital signal processing. The IFFT converts a number N of complex data symbols used as frequency domain bins into the time domain signal. Such an N-point IFFT is illustrated in Figure 3-2, where a(mN+n) refers to the nth subchannel modulated data symbol, during the time period mTu < t (m+1)Tu.
Figure 3-2: OFDM useful symbol generation using an IFFT
The vector sm is defined as the useful OFDM symbol. It is the time superposition of the N narrowband modulated subcarriers. Therefore, from a parallel stream of N sources of data, each one independently modulated, a waveform composed of N orthogonal subcarriers is obtained, with each subcarrier having the shape of a frequency sinc function (see Figure 3-1).
Figure 3-3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel streams, used as frequency domain bins for the IFFT. The N-point time domain blocks obtained from the IFFT are then serialized to create a time domain signal. Not shown in Figure 3-3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion.
Figure 3-3: OFDM Signal Generation Chain
3.1.2 OFDM Parameterization
A generic OFDM analyzer supports various OFDM standards. Therefore a common parameterization of OFDM systems has to be defined.
3.1.2.1 Time Domain Description The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in the time domain is a sample. An OFDM symbol with a length of NS samples consists of: A guard interval of length NG An FFT interval of length NFFT
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NG
Measurement Basics General Information on OFDM Signals
NFFT
NS
Figure 3-4: OFDM symbol in time domain
3.1.2.2 Frequency Domain Description
The FFT intervals of the OFDM symbols are transformed into the frequency domain using a discrete Fourier transformation. The successive symbols of the OFDM signal are displayed in time-frequency matrices. The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in the frequency domain is a cell. The total area of a time frequency matrix is called frame. A frame is the highest level unit used in OFDM VSA.
Figure 3-5: Time-Frequency Matrix
Carriers
A column of cells at the same frequency is called carrier.
The carrier number is the column index of a time-frequency matrix. The number '0' is assigned to the DC-carrier, which lies at the transmitter center frequency. The total number of subcarriers is NFFT. The DC-carrier offset determines the position of the DC carrier relative to the lowermost subcarrier. The offset is an inherent attribute of the FFT algorithm.
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Table 3-1: Relationship between FFT length and subcarrier range
FFT Length NFFT
DC-Carrier Offset
even
N FFT 2
Range
N FFT 2
, N FFT 2
1
odd
N FFT 1 2
N FFT 2
1,
N FFT 2
1
OFDM system sample rate
In an OFDM system, an FFT (with the length NFFT) is performed for each symbol. Each FFT bin corresponds to one subcarrier. For each FFT bin, one sample must be captured in the time domain for each OFDM symbol. The minimum number of samples required for the measurement is thus the number of subcarriers (or the number of FFT bins), multiplied by the number of symbols to measure. To avoid intersymbol interference, the cyclic prefix is added as the guard interval.
No_samplesmin = (<FFT_size> + <CyclicPrefixLength>) * <No_symbols_to_measure>
Generally, the number of samples acquired per second is referred to as the sample rate. The sample rate required by a specific OFDM system is referred to as the OFDM system sample rate. It depends on parameters that characterize the OFDM system and is defined by the following equation:
SROFDM = <carrier_spacing>* <FFT_size>
For the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application to demodulate OFDM symbols, it is important that the number of acquired samples in the application corresponds to the OFDM system sample rate.
Symbols
A row of cells at the same time is called symbol.
The symbol number is the row index of a time frequency matrix. The first symbol gets the number '0'.
Allocation Matrix
The allocation matrix defines the complete frame and subdivides the OFDM system into the following cell types: Pilot cells: Contain known values and are used for various synchronization and
parameter estimation purposes Data cells: Contain the user data or "payload" of the transmission. The modulation
format of the data cells must be known or can be estimated in a modulation estimation block. "Don't Care" cells: Cells that are not evaluated for EVM measurement, but contain signal power Zero cells: Contain no signal power at all; Typically these are guard carriers around DC or at the edges of the carrier axis.
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Figure 3-6: Example of an allocation matrix
Pilot Matrix A pilot matrix contains known complex numbers in the matrix cells, which are defined as pilot cells in the allocation matrix. Within the analyzer, the pilot matrix is correlated with the received time frequency matrix to get the frame start and the frequency offset of the received signal relative to the given allocation matrix.
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Figure 3-7: Example of a pilot matrix
Constellation Vector
A constellation vector contains all possible numbers in the complex plane that belong to a specific modulation format. Constellation vectors must be defined for each possible data modulation format. The magnitude within the constellation vectors must be scaled according to the pilot matrix. One entry in the constellation vector is called 'constellation point'.
Differential modulation is not supported. The respective absolute modulation scheme must be used instead (e.g. QPSK instead of DQPSK). Periodically rotated constellations are not supported. The set union of all constellations must be used instead (e.g. 8PSK instead of PI/4-DQPSK).
Constellation Point
1 2
j
1 2
1 j 1
2
2
1 j 1
2
2
1 j 1
2
2
Figure 3-8: QPSK constellation vector
Modulation Matrix
A modulation matrix contains numbers to the underlying constellation vector for each cell, which is defined as data cell in the allocation matrix. Clusters of data cells with the same modulation therefore share the same number. A data cell can also contain an unused number, that is a number for which no constellation vector is defined. In this case, all data cells sharing that number are assumed to use one and only one of the
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valid constellation vectors. This method can be used within the OFDM-VSA to allow automatic modulation detection.
Figure 3-9: Example of a modulation matrix
3.1.2.3 Preamble Description
The OFDM demodulator shall support synchronization on repetitive preamble symbols. A repetitive preamble contains several repetitions of one time domain block. The Figure 3-10 shows exemplarily the parameterization of a repetitive preamble symbol, which contains a five times repetition of block T. The allocation matrix can have an arbitrary offset to the begin of the preamble symbol. If the offset is zero or negative, the preamble is also contained within the frame and is used for further estimation processes.
Preamble Symbol
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
Undefined Symbol 0
BlockLength Frame Offset Figure 3-10: Description of a Repetitive Preamble Symbol
Frame (Structure Matrix)
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3.2 Signal Processing
Channel Filter..........................................................................................................38 OFDM Measurement...............................................................................................39
3.2.1 Channel Filter
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can use the internal channel filter of the instrument or apply an adjustable channel filter. The filter bandwidth of the internal channel filter is fully equalized within the digital hardware.
Alternatively to the internal filters, you can apply a channel filter with adjustable bandwidth and slope characteristics to the input signal. The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application then designs a window-based finite impulse response filter. The bandwidth is defined as two times the 6-dB cutoff frequency. The 50-dB cutoff frequency determines the slope characteristics.
Choosing the correct filter settings is a trade-off between selectivity and filter impulse response length. A steep filter leads to superior selectivity between adjacent channels. On the other hand, such a filter has a long channel impulse response, which can produce intersymbol interference if used in systems with small guard intervals. Flat filters require a higher distance between channels and will possibly attenuate the outer carriers of the signal. In contrast, the channel impulse response is short and suited for systems with short guard intervals.
The adjustable channel filter performs a decimation at its output. Thus, the user-definable maximum output sample rate is reduced compared to the internal filter setting.
Frequency Response [dB]
10 0
-10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100
0
Adjustable Channel Filter
Low Normal High
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 Normalized Frequency
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3.2.2 OFDM Measurement
Capture Buffer
ON / OFF
PREAMBLE / CP
Burst Detection
Time Sync
Rough Compensate
Freq. Offset
FFT_SHIFT FFT
R_lk w/o frame sync
MAX_BIN_OFFSET
Frame Sync
R_lk
Synchronization Block
R_lk R_lk
Freq / Clock Estimation
Compensate
Freq. / Clock Offset A_lk
Freq / Clock Estimation
Compensate
Freq. / Clock Offset
Channel Estimation
CPE / Gain Estimation
Compensate
Channel
CPE / Gain
A_lk
Data Aided Block
Channel Estimation
CPE / Gain Estimation
Channel
CPE / Gain
Modulation Detection
Data Decision
A_lk
Pilot Aided Block Measurement Block
PHASE_TRACKING TIMING_TRACKING
GAIN_TRACKING CHANNEL_COMP
R_lk A_lk
User Defined Compensation EVM Measurement
Figure 3-11: Block Diagram of OFDM VSA
The block diagram in Figure 3-11 shows the OFDM VSA measurement from the capture buffer containing the I/Q data to the actual analysis block. The signal processing chain can be divided in four major blocks: Synchronization Block Pilot Aided Block Data Aided Block Measurement Block
3.2.2.1 Synchronization Block
The synchronization starts with a burst detection that extracts transmission areas within a burst signal by a power threshold. For seamless transmission, as is the case in most broadcast systems, it is possible to bypass this block. The following time synchronization uses either the preamble or the cyclic prefix of each OFDM symbol to find the optimum starting point for the FFT by a correlation metric. If preamble synchronization is selected, the correlation is done between successive blocks of a repetitive preamble structure. Alternatively, the cyclic prefix synchronization correlates the guard interval of each symbol with the end of the FFT part. Both methods additionally return an estimation of the fractional frequency offset by evaluating the phase of the correlation maximum. This frequency offset has to be compensated before the FFT to avoid intercarrier interference.
By default, the FFT starting point is put in the center of the guard interval assuming a symmetric impulse response, but it can optionally be shifted within the guard interval. After performing the FFT for each available OFDM symbol, a time-frequency matrix Rl,k with symbol index l and subcarrier index k is available.
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The following frame synchronization determines the frame start within this matrix and the integer carrier frequency offset. This is done by a two dimensional correlation of Rl,k with the known pilot matrix from the configuration file. To avoid unnecessary computing time for signals with low frequency offset, the search length in the frequency direction can be limited by a control parameter.
Furthermore, a threshold for the reliability of time and frame synchronization can be defined to ensure only correct frames are evaluated. This is particularly useful for 5G signals, for example, in which the pilot structure in the second half of the frame is similar, but not identical to the first half. In this case, frame synchronization may be off by half a frame, but since the pilots do not match completely, the reliability is poor. Thus, the EVM results will also be poor. By defining a threshold, only the correctly synchronized frames are evaluated.
3.2.2.2 Pilot Aided Block
The pilot aided block within the signal processing chain uses the predefined pilot cells for parameter estimation and subsequent compensation of the signal impairments. It starts with maximum likelihood estimation of the remaining frequency error and sample clock offset. While a frequency error leads to a phase offset linearly increasing with time, the clock offset introduces an additional phase error linearly increasing with frequency. The estimator determines the most probable parameters that lead to the phase offsets observed on the pilot cells. The resulting offset values are compensated in the frequency domain by re-rotating the phase of the Rl,k matrix. However, for severe clock offsets it can be necessary to resample the received signal in the time domain and repeat the FFT stage.
The subsequent channel estimator determines the channel transfer function at the known pilot positions and uses interpolation to get a complete frequency response vector for all subcarriers. It does not extrapolate the channel transfer function for the guard carriers (which are defined by zero or "don't care" cell types). Since the presented measurement system is intended for stationary channels, the interpolation is performed along the frequency direction only. The node values on the frequency axis are determined by averaging all available pilots of each subcarrier over time. Depending on the layout of the pilots on the frequency axis, an interpolation filter bank with optimum Wiener filter coefficients is calculated in advance. The Wiener filter is designed under the assumption that the maximum impulse response length does not exceed the cyclic prefix length.
Although the channel is assumed to be stationary, common phase error and power level variations are estimated symbol by symbol over the complete frame. This takes settling effects of oscillators and power amplifiers into account. All estimated impairments are fully compensated to get an optimum signal for the subsequent modulationdetection and data decision stage.
The modulation-detection block determines the modulation type of the data cells. Either each carrier or each symbol can be assigned to one specific constellation. Alternatively, the modulation information provided in the configuration file is evaluated to extract clusters of data cells with consistent modulation. The estimator uses a maximum likelihood approach, where each cluster of data cells is compared with all possible modulation hypotheses and the most probable constellation for each cluster is used
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for the subsequent data decision. The data decision block finally outputs a reference signal matrix Al,k which is an optimum estimate of the actual transmitted OFDM frame.
3.2.2.3 Data Aided Block
The data aided block can be activated optionally to refine the parameter estimations with the help of the reference signal. Whereas the previous stages could only include pilot cells for the estimation algorithms, the data aided part can treat data cells as additional pilots. This increases the accuracy of the estimates in good signal to noise environments without data decision errors. However, if the reference signal matrix Al,k contains falsely decided data cells, the data aided estimation part can corrupt the results and should be omitted.
3.2.2.4 Measurement Block
The last part of the signal processing chain comprises the user defined compensation and the measurement of modulation quality. The measurement block takes the received OFDM symbols Rl,k and the previously determined reference OFDM symbols Al,k to calculate the error vector magnitude (EVM). The received OFDM symbols can optionally be compensated by means of phase, timing and level deviations as well as the channel transfer function.
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Configuring OFDM VSA Measurements Configuration Overview
4 Configuring OFDM VSA Measurements
General R&S VSE functions The application-independent functions for general tasks on the R&S VSE are also available for OFDM VSA measurements and are described in the R&S VSE base software user manual. In particular, this comprises the following functionality: Controlling instruments and capturing I/Q data Data management General software preferences and information
Configuration Overview...........................................................................................42 Signal Description................................................................................................... 44 Input and Frontend Settings....................................................................................48 Trigger Settings.......................................................................................................63 Data Acquisition...................................................................................................... 66 Burst Search........................................................................................................... 70 Result Ranges.........................................................................................................71 Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking.........................................................71 Adjusting Settings Automatically............................................................................. 76
4.1 Configuration Overview
Throughout the measurement configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview".
The "Overview" is displayed when you select the "Overview" icon in the main toolbar, or the "Meas Setup > Overview" menu item.
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Figure 4-1: Configuration "Overview" for OFDM VSA measurements
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to evaluation by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the "Overview".
In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. Signal Description See Chapter 4.2, "Signal Description", on page 44
2. Input/Frontend See Chapter 4.3, "Input and Frontend Settings", on page 48
3. Trigger See Chapter 4.4, "Trigger Settings", on page 63
4. Data Acquisition See Chapter 4.5, "Data Acquisition", on page 66
5. Burst Search See Chapter 4.6, "Burst Search", on page 70
6. Result Range See Chapter 4.7, "Result Ranges", on page 71
7. Synchronization and Demodulation Settings See Chapter 4.8, "Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking", on page 71
8. Tracking See Chapter 4.8, "Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking", on page 71
9. Result Configuration
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See Chapter 6.1, "Result Configuration", on page 102
To configure settings
Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box. Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to change a specific setting.
Preset Channel............................................................................................................. 44 Specific Settings for ..................................................................................................... 44
Preset Channel Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values. Remote command: SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 126
Specific Settings for The channel may contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window. Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes. The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window.
4.2 Signal Description
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
You must describe the expected input signal so that the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can compare the measured signal to the expected reference signal. You can load an existing configuration file, or create one interactively using a wizard for the current input signal (see Chapter 5, "Creating a Configuration File Using the Wizard", on page 78).
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application provides some sample files for I/Q input data and configuration files in the C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA directory.
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Use Configuration File...................................................................................................45 Load Configuration File................................................................................................. 45 Create Configuration File.............................................................................................. 46 Export Data (to Create Config File on Other PC)..........................................................46 FFT Size........................................................................................................................46 Cyclic Prefix Length...................................................................................................... 46 Advanced Cyclic Prefix Configuration........................................................................... 46 Different cyclic prefix lengths.........................................................................................46
CP definition per range (Symbols / Samples)................................................. 47 Block Length................................................................................................................. 47 Frame Start Offset.........................................................................................................47 DFT-s-OFDM / SC-FDMA:Transform Precoding...........................................................48
Use Configuration File Determines whether the configuration from the currently loaded file is used for the measurement. Alternatively, you can configure the OFDM signal manually.
Remote command: CONFigure:SYSTem:CFILe on page 130
Load Configuration File Opens a file selection dialog box to select the configuration (.XML) file for the measurement.
Note: Configuration files with more than 100 different modulation types cannot be loaded.
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Tip: You can load a configuration file simply by selecting it in a file explorer and dragging it to the R&S VSE software. Drop it into the "Measurement Group Setup" window or the channel bar for any R&S VSE OFDM VSA application channel. Remote command: MMEMory:LOAD:CFGFile on page 131
Create Configuration File Opens a wizard that helps you create a new configuration file interactively. See Chapter 5, "Creating a Configuration File Using the Wizard", on page 78.
Export Data (to Create Config File on Other PC) Exports the current settings to a .K96_wizv file. Use this input file to create a configuration file using the wizard on another PC.
FFT Size Defines the length of an OFDM symbol in the time domain as the number of samples. This setting determines the number of samples used as input for each FFT calculation. This setting is not available if a configuration file is active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45). In this case, the FFT length defined in the file is displayed for reference only. Remote command: CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NFFT on page 129
Cyclic Prefix Length Defines the length of the cyclic prefix area between two OFDM symbols in samples. The cyclic prefix area defines the guard interval and is expected to contain a copy of the samples at the end of the OFDM symbol. The cyclic prefix length must be smaller than or equal to the FFT Size.
Advanced Cyclic Prefix Configuration Additional settings for non-conventional cyclic prefixes are displayed when you select the "Advanced" button, and hidden when you select "Basic". By default, "Conventional Mode" is assumed, that is: each OFDM symbol has the same cyclic prefix length. Thus, only the basic CP settings are shown. Remote command: CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE on page 128
Different cyclic prefix lengths Some OFDM signals change their cyclic prefix over time (e.g. 802.11ac). This setting defines the behavior in such a case.
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Configuring OFDM VSA Measurements Signal Description
One "slot" that consists of the two defined ranges is repeated over and over until the number of symbols specified by the result range parameter is reached. The ranges are repeated periodically, first range 1, then range 2, then range 1, etc.
Figure 4-2: Non-Conventional Cyclic Prefix Case: Periodic Mode
"Non-Periodic"
A fixed preamble has a different cyclic prefix length than the rest of the frame (e.g. WLAN 802.11ac signals). In this case, the length of the second range is extended until the end of the demodulated frame. Therefore, the length of the second range cannot be specified in this case.
Figure 4-3: Non-Conventional Cyclic Prefix Case: Non-Periodic Mode
Remote command: CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:PERiodic on page 129
CP definition per range (Symbols / Samples) Different cyclic prefix lengths For each range, configure the number of symbols the CP length is applied to, and the length of the CP as a number of samples. For non-periodic CPs, the length of the second range cannot be specified. It is extended to the end of the demodulated frame. Remote command: CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:NSYMbols<cp> on page 128 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NGUard<cp> on page 130
Block Length Instead of using the cyclic prefix for the time synchronization, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can also use a preamble that contains repetitive blocks of samples (if available in the signal). This setting specifies the length of one data block within the repetitive preamble as a number of samples. Remote command: CONFigure:PREamble:BLENgth on page 127
Frame Start Offset Specifies the time offset from the preamble start to the actual frame start as a number of samples. Remote command: CONFigure:PREamble:FOFFset on page 127
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DFT-s-OFDM / SC-FDMA:Transform Precoding DFT-s-OFDM and SC-FDMA are different names for a method that can be applied to lower the crest factor of the RF signal.
For DFT-s-OFDM, an additional digital Fourier transformation (DFT) is included in the transmitter's signal processing stage, referred to as transform precoding. If this method is used by the input signal, enable the "Transform Precoding" option. In this case, the receiver (R&S VSE OFDM VSA application) decodes this precoding using an inverse DFT (iDFT). The iDFT is performed per OFDM symbol, using all DATA cells contained in it.
However, OFDM symbols that contain a pilot or a "Don't Care" cell are skipped. Zero cells do not cause the complete OFDM symbol to be skipped, only the ZERO cells are ignored in the inverse DFT process.
Therefore, it is important that all DATA cells are allocated correctly, that is: No cell is falsely allocated as a DATA cell. All DATA cells are allocated as DATA cells.
Otherwise, the iDFT parameters (length, start, stop) are not correct and all DATA cells in that OFDM symbol are demodulated inaccurately.
If DFT-s-OFDM is enabled, take special care when editing the configuration file. Make sure all cells are allocated correctly.
Remote command: CONFigure:TPRecoding on page 127
4.3 Input and Frontend Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" Or: "Input & Output" The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can evaluate signals from different input sources. The frequency and amplitude settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement setup. For the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, no output settings are available. Input Source Settings..............................................................................................48 Frequency Settings................................................................................................. 58 Amplitude Settings.................................................................................................. 59
4.3.1 Input Source Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" Or: "Input & Output" > "Input Source" The R&S VSE can control the input sources of the connected instruments.
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Radio Frequency Input............................................................................................49 Oscilloscope Baseband Input..................................................................................53 I/Q File Input............................................................................................................56
4.3.1.1 Radio Frequency Input
Or: "Input & Output" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency" The default input source for the connected instrument is "Radio Frequency". Depending on the connected instrument, different input parameters are available.
Figure 4-4: RF input source settings for an R&S FSW with B2000 option
If the Frequency Response Correction option (R&S VSE-K544) is installed, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application also supports frequency response correction using Touchstone (.snp) files or .fres files. For details on user-defined frequency response correction, see the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
Input Type (Instrument / File)........................................................................................ 50 Instrument..................................................................................................................... 50 Input 1 / Input 2............................................................................................................. 50 Input Coupling .............................................................................................................. 50 Impedance ................................................................................................................... 50 Direct Path ................................................................................................................... 51 High Pass Filter 1 to 3 GHz ..........................................................................................51 YIG-Preselector ............................................................................................................51 B2000 State.................................................................................................................. 51 Oscilloscope Splitter Mode............................................................................................52 Oscilloscope IP Address............................................................................................... 52
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Preselector State...........................................................................................................52 Preselector Mode.......................................................................................................... 52 10 dB Minimum Attenuation.......................................................................................... 53
Input Type (Instrument / File) Selects an instrument or a file as the type of input provided to the channel.
Note: External mixers are only available for input from a connected instrument.
Remote command: INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si> on page 140 INPut<ip>:SELect on page 139
Instrument Specifies a configured instrument to be used for input.
Input 1 / Input 2 For instruments with two input connectors, you must define which input source is used for each measurement channel.
Note that you cannot use both RF inputs simultaneously.
"Input 1"
R&S FSW85: 1.00 mm RF input connector for frequencies up to 85 GHz (90 GHz with option R&S FSW-B90G)
"Input2"
R&S FSW85: 1.85 mm RF input connector for frequencies up to 67 GHz
Remote command: INPut<ip>:TYPE on page 139
Input Coupling The RF input of the R&S VSE can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
The RF input of the connected instrument can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the default setting to prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal may be distorted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data sheet.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:COUPling<ant> on page 133
Impedance For some measurements, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the connected instrument can be set to 50 or 75 .
Select 75 if the 50 input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 adapter of the RAZ type. (That corresponds to 25 in series to the input impedance of the instrument.) The correction value in this case is 1.76 dB = 10 log (75/ 50).
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Remote command: INPut<ip>:IMPedance<ant> on page 135
Direct Path Enables or disables the use of the direct path for small frequencies.
In spectrum analyzers, passive analog mixers are used for the first conversion of the input signal. In such mixers, the LO signal is coupled into the IF path due to its limited isolation. The coupled LO signal becomes visible at the RF frequency 0 Hz. This effect is referred to as LO feedthrough.
To avoid the LO feedthrough the spectrum analyzer provides an alternative signal path to the A/D converter, referred to as the direct path. By default, the direct path is selected automatically for RF frequencies close to zero. However, this behavior can be disabled. If "Direct Path" is set to "Off" , the spectrum analyzer always uses the analog mixer path.
"Auto"
(Default) The direct path is used automatically for frequencies close to zero.
"Off"
The analog mixer path is always used.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:DPATh on page 133
High Pass Filter 1 to 3 GHz Activates an additional internal high-pass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to 3 GHz. This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the analyzer to measure the harmonics for a DUT, for example.
This function may require an additional hardware option on the connected instrument.
(Note: for RF input signals outside the specified range, the high-pass filter has no effect. For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards, the harmonics are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG-preselector, if available.)
Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:HPASs[:STATe] on page 134
YIG-Preselector Enables or disables the YIG-preselector, if available on the connected instrument.
Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 8 GHz. Therefore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that value.
In order to make use of the optional 90 GHz frequency extension (R&S VSE-B90G), the YIG-preselector must be disabled.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 135
B2000 State Activates the optional 2 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000).
Note: The R&S VSE software supports input from a connected R&S FSW with a B2000 option installed. However, the R&S FSW interface to the oscilloscope must be
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set up and aligned directly on the instrument before the R&S VSE software can start analyzing the input. The analysis bandwidth is defined in the data acquisition settings of the application as usual. Note that the maximum bandwidth cannot be restricted manually as for other bandwidth extension options.
Manual operation on the connected oscilloscope, or remote operation other than by the R&S VSE, is not possible while the B2000 option is active.
Remote command: SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope[:STATe] on page 141
Oscilloscope Splitter Mode Activates the use of the power splitter inserted between the [IF 2 GHZ OUT] connector of the R&S FSW and the [CH1] and [CH3] input connectors of the oscilloscope. Note that this mode requires an additional alignment with the power splitter.
For details see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
Remote command: SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:PSMode[:STATe] on page 142
Oscilloscope IP Address When using the optional 2 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000) with an R&S FSW as the connected instrument, the entire measurement, as well as both instruments, are controlled by the R&S VSE software. Thus, the instruments must be connected via LAN, and the TCPIP address of the oscilloscope must be defined in the R&S VSE software.
For tips on how to determine the computer name or TCPIP address, see the oscilloscope's user documentation.
Remote command: SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:TCPip on page 142
Preselector State Turns the preselector on and off.
When you turn on the preselector, you can configure the characteristics of the preselector and add the preamplifier into the signal path.
When you turn off the preselector, the signal bypasses the preselector and the preamplifier, and is fed into the input mixer directly.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe] on page 136
Preselector Mode Selects the preselection filters to be applied to the measurement.
"Auto"
Automatically applies all available bandpass filters in a measurement. Available with the optional preamplifier.
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"Auto Wide" Automatically applies the wideband filters consecutively:
Lowpass 40 MHz Bandpass 30 MHz to 2250 MHz Bandpass 2 GHz to 8 GHz Bandpass 8 GHz to 26.5 GHz
Available with the optional preselector.
"Auto Narrow"
Automatically applies the most suitable narrowband preselection filters in a measurement, depending on the bandwidth you have selected. For measurement frequencies up to 30 MHz, the connected instrument uses combinations of lowpass and highpass filters. For higher frequencies, the connected instrument uses bandpass filters. Available with the optional preselector.
"Manual"
Applies the filter settings you have defined manually.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:PRESelection:SET on page 136
10 dB Minimum Attenuation Turns the availability of attenuation levels of less than 10 dB on and off.
When you turn on this feature, the attenuation is always at least 10 dB. This minimum attenuation protects the input mixer and avoids accidental setting of 0 dB, especially if you measure EUTs with high RFI voltage.
When you turn it off, you can also select attenuation levels of less than 10 dB.
The setting applies to a manual selection of the attenuation as well as the automatic selection of the attenuation.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet on page 132
4.3.1.2 Oscilloscope Baseband Input Access: "Overview" > "Input" > "Input Source" > "Oscilloscope Baseband"
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If the Frequency Response Correction option (R&S VSE-K544) is installed, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application also supports frequency response correction using Touchstone (.snp) files or .fres files.
For details on user-defined frequency response correction, see the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
Input Type (Instrument / File)........................................................................................ 54 Instrument..................................................................................................................... 54 Input Source..................................................................................................................54 I/Q Mode ...................................................................................................................... 55 I/Q Skew........................................................................................................................55 Impedance ................................................................................................................... 55 Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 56 Signal Path....................................................................................................................56
Input Type (Instrument / File) Selects an instrument or a file as the type of input provided to the channel.
Note: External mixers are only available for input from a connected instrument.
Remote command: INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si> on page 140 INPut<ip>:SELect on page 139
Instrument Specifies a configured instrument to be used for input.
Input Source Configures the source of input (and channel) on the selected instrument to be used.
Note: External mixers are only available for RF input. Not all input sources are supported by all R&S VSE applications.
"RF"
Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
"Channel 1 | Channel 2 | Channel 3 | Channel 4 " Oscilloscope input channel 1, 2, 3, or 4
"Channel 1,2 (I+Q)" I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 2 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
"Channel 1,3 (I+Q) | Channel 2,4 (I+Q)" I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3, or 2 and 4 (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
"Channels 1-4 (diff. I+Q)" Differential I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only): Channel 1: I (pos.) Channel 2: (neg.) Channel 3: Q (pos.) Channel 4: (neg.)
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"Channels 1,3 Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3 (for (Waveform)" oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
"Channels 2,4 Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 2 and 4 (for (Waveform)" oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
"Channels 1-4 Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 to 4 (for (Waveform)" oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
Remote command: INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE on page 140 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:CONFig on page 140
I/Q Mode Defines the format of the input signal.
"I/Q"
Both components of the complex input signal (in-phase component, quadrature component) are filtered and resampled to the sample rate of the application.
"I Only / Low IF I" The input signal at the channel providing I data is filtered and resampled to the sample rate of the application. The input signal is down-converted with the center frequency (Low IF I).
Remote command: INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:TYPE on page 146
I/Q Skew Compensates for skewed I/Q values, e.g. due to different input cables
Define the delay values individually for the I and Q channels. For differential input, changing the positive skew automatically also changes the negative skew (but not vice versa).
Depending on the connected oscilloscope, values between �100 ns are allowed.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I on page 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I:INVerted on page 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q on page 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q:INVerted on page 146
Impedance For some measurements, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the connected instrument can be set to 50 or 75 .
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Select 75 if the 50 input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 adapter of the RAZ type. (That corresponds to 25 in series to the input impedance of the instrument.) The correction value in this case is 1.76 dB = 10 log (75/ 50). Remote command: INPut<ip>:IMPedance<ant> on page 135
Center Frequency Defines the center frequency for Oscilloscope Baseband Input. Note: If the analysis bandwidth to either side of the defined center frequency exceeds the allowed range, an error is displayed. In this case, adjust the center frequency or the analysis bandwidth. Remote command: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 156
Signal Path Illustrates the signal path used for the currrent baseband input settings.
4.3.1.3 I/Q File Input
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Or: "Input & Output" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Alternatively to "live" data input from a connected instrument, measurement data to be analyzed by the R&S VSE software can also be provided "offline" by a stored data file. This allows you to perform a measurement on any instrument, store the results to a file, and analyze the stored data partially or as a whole at any time using the R&S VSE software.
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application provides some sample files for I/Q input data (and configuration files) in the C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA directory.
Loading a file via drag&drop You can load a file simply by selecting it in a file explorer and dragging it to the R&S VSE software. Drop it into the "Measurement Group Setup" window or the channel bar for any channel. The channel is automatically configured for file input, if necessary. If the file contains all essential information, the file input is immediately displayed in the channel. Otherwise, the "Recall I/Q Recording" dialog box is opened for the selected file so you can enter the missing information. If the file contains data from multiple channels (e.g. from LTE measurements), it can be loaded to individual input sources, if the application supports them. For details see the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
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The "Input Source" settings defined in the "Input" dialog box are identical to those configured for a specific channel in the "Measurement Group Setup" window.
(See "Controlling Instruments and Capturing Data" in the R&S VSE User Manual).
If the Frequency Response Correction option (R&S VSE-K544) is installed, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application also supports frequency response correction using Touchstone (.snp) files or .fres files. For details on user-defined frequency response correction, see the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
Encrypted .wv files can also be imported. Note, however, that traces resulting from encrypted file input cannot be exported or stored in a saveset.
Input Type (Instrument / File)........................................................................................ 57 Input File....................................................................................................................... 57 Zero Padding.................................................................................................................58
Input Type (Instrument / File) Selects an instrument or a file as the type of input provided to the channel. Note: External mixers are only available for input from a connected instrument. Remote command: INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si> on page 140 INPut<ip>:SELect on page 139
Input File Specifies the I/Q data file to be used for input. Select "Select File" to open the "Load I/Q File" dialog box.
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(See "Data Management - Loading the I/Q Data File" in the R&S VSE base software user manual).
Zero Padding Enables or disables zero padding for input from an I/Q data file that requires resampling. For resampling, a number of samples are required due to filter settling. These samples can either be taken from the provided I/Q data, or the software can add the required number of samples (zeros) at the beginning and end of the file.
If enabled, the required number of samples are inserted as zeros at the beginning and end of the file. The entire input data is analyzed. However, the additional zeros can effect the determined spectrum of the I/Q data. If zero padding is enabled, a status message is displayed.
If disabled (default), no zeros are added. The required samples for filter settling are taken from the provided I/Q data in the file. The start time in the R&S VSE Player is adapted to the actual start (after filter settling).
Note: You can activate zero padding directly when you load the file, or afterwards in the "Input Source" settings.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing on page 134
4.3.2 Frequency Settings
Access: "Input & Output" > "Frequency"
Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 58 Center Frequency Stepsize...........................................................................................59 Frequency Offset ..........................................................................................................59
Center Frequency Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz. 0 Hz fcenter fmax fmax and spanmin depend on the instrument and are specified in the data sheet.
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Note: For file input, you can shift the center frequency of the current measurement compared to the stored measurement data. The maximum shift depends on the sample rate of the file data.
If the file does not provide the center frequency, it is assumed to be 0 Hz.
In order to ensure that the input data remains within the valid analysis bandwidth, define the center frequency and the analysis bandwidth for the measurement such that the following applies:
Remote command: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 156
Center Frequency Stepsize Defines the step size when scrolling through center frequency values. The step size can be set to a predefined value, or it can be manually set to a user-defined value.
"Auto"
The step size is set to the default value of 1 MHz.
"Manual"
Defines a user-defined step size for the center frequency. Enter the step size in the "Value" field.
Remote command: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO on page 157 [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 156
Frequency Offset Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset.
This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, or on the captured data or on data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute frequency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies. However, if it shows frequencies relative to the signal's center frequency, it is not shifted.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -1 THz to 1 THz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Remote command: [SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 157
4.3.3 Amplitude Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Amplitude" Or: "Input & Output" > "Amplitude"
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Amplitude settings determine how the connected instrument must process or display the expected input power levels.
Which amplitude settings are available depends on the connected instrument.
Reference Level ........................................................................................................... 60 Shifting the Display ( Offset ).......................................................................... 60
RF Attenuation ............................................................................................................. 61 Attenuation Mode / Value ...............................................................................61 10 dB Minimum Attenuation............................................................................61
Using Electronic Attenuation ........................................................................................ 61 Input Settings ............................................................................................................... 62
Preamplifier ....................................................................................................62
Reference Level Defines the expected maximum reference level. Signal levels above this value may not be measured correctly. This is indicated by an "IF Overload" status display.
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is then used as the maximum on the y-axis.
Since the hardware of the connected instrument is adapted according to this value, it is recommended that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal level. Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-tonoise ratio).
Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant> on page 157
Shifting the Display ( Offset ) Reference Level Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
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Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the R&S VSE so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level results are shifted by this value.
The setting range is �200 dB in 0.01 dB steps.
Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset" . Thus, it is important to keep in mind the actual power level the R&S VSE must handle. Do not rely on the displayed reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference level - offset).
Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant>:OFFSet on page 158
RF Attenuation Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S VSE.
Attenuation Mode / Value RF Attenuation The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference level (Auto mode). This ensures that no overload occurs at the RF Input connector for the current reference level. It is the default setting.
In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet. If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level allowed at the RF input, as an overload may lead to hardware damage.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 158 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 159
10 dB Minimum Attenuation RF Attenuation Turns the availability of attenuation levels of less than 10 dB on and off.
When you turn on this feature, the attenuation is always at least 10 dB. This minimum attenuation protects the input mixer and avoids accidental setting of 0 dB, especially if you measure EUTs with high RFI voltage.
When you turn it off, you can also select attenuation levels of less than 10 dB.
The setting applies to a manual selection of the attenuation as well as the automatic selection of the attenuation.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet on page 132
Using Electronic Attenuation If the (optional) Electronic Attenuation hardware is installed on the connected instrument, you can also activate an electronic attenuator.
In "Auto" mode, the settings are defined automatically; in "Manual" mode, you can define the mechanical and electronic attenuation separately.
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Note: Note that restrictions may apply concerning which frequencies electronic attenuation is available for, depending on which instrument is connected to the R&S VSE software. Check your instrument documentation for details. In "Auto" mode, RF attenuation is provided by the electronic attenuator as much as possible to reduce the amount of mechanical switching required. Mechanical attenuation may provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, however.
When you switch off electronic attenuation, the RF attenuation is automatically set to the same mode (auto/manual) as the electronic attenuation was set to. Thus, the RF attenuation can be set to automatic mode, and the full attenuation is provided by the mechanical attenuator, if possible.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed in the status bar.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe on page 160 INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO on page 159 INPut<ip>:EATT on page 159
Input Settings Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well.
The parameters "Input Coupling" and "Impedance" are identical to those in the "Input" settings.
See Chapter 4.3.1.1, "Radio Frequency Input", on page 49.
Preamplifier Input Settings If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed on the connected instrument, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power.
Note that if an optional external preamplifier is activated, the internal preamplifier is automatically disabled, and vice versa.
For R&S VSE8, 13, and 26 models, the following settings are available:
"Off"
Deactivates the preamplifier.
"15 dB"
The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.
"30 dB"
The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.
Depending on the connected instrument, different settings are available. See the instrument's documentation for details.
Remote command: INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>:STATe on page 160 INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>[:VALue] on page 161
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4.4 Trigger Settings
or: "Input & Output" > "Trigger" Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured. Which settings are available depends on the connected instrument.
External triggers from one of the [TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT] connectors on the connected instrument are also available.
Trigger Source ..............................................................................................................63 Free Run ........................................................................................................ 63 External Trigger / Trigger Channel X.............................................................. 64 External Analog...............................................................................................64 RF Power ....................................................................................................... 64 Time ............................................................................................................... 64 Magnitude (Offline) ........................................................................................ 64 Manual............................................................................................................ 65
Trigger Level ................................................................................................................ 65 Repetition Interval ........................................................................................................ 65 Drop-Out Time ..............................................................................................................65 Trigger Offset ............................................................................................................... 65 Hysteresis .................................................................................................................... 65 Trigger Holdoff ..............................................................................................................66 Slope ............................................................................................................................ 66
Trigger Source Selects the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Note that the availability of trigger sources depends on the connected instrument.
Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
Free Run Trigger Source No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically and continues until stopped explicitly.
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
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External Trigger / Trigger Channel X Trigger Source Data acquisition starts when the signal fed into the specified input connector or input channel of the connected instrument meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
Note: Which input and output connectors are available depends on the connected instrument. For details, see the instrument's documentation. For a connected R&S oscilloscope, the following signals are used as trigger input: "External Trigger": EXT TRIGGER INPUT connector on rear panel of instrument "Trigger Channel 2"/"Trigger Channel 3"/"Trigger Channel 4": Input at channel con-
nectors CH 2/3/4 on front panel of instrument - if not used as an input source
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR EXT, TRIG:SOUR EXT2, TRIG:SOUR EXT3, TRIG:SOUR EXT4 See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
External Analog Trigger Source Data acquisition starts when the signal fed into the EXT TRIGGER INPUT connector on the oscilloscope meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
This trigger source is only available if the optional 2 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000) is active in power splitter mode. For details, see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR EXT, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
RF Power Trigger Source Defines triggering of the measurement via signals which are outside the displayed measurement range.
For this purpose, the software uses a level detector at the first intermediate frequency.
The resulting trigger level at the RF input depends on the RF attenuation and preamplification. For details on available trigger levels, see the instrument's data sheet.
Note: If the input signal contains frequencies outside of this range (e.g. for fullspan measurements), the measurement may be aborted. A message indicating the allowed input frequencies is displayed in the status bar. A "Trigger Offset" , "Trigger Polarity" and "Trigger Holdoff" (to improve the trigger stability) can be defined for the RF trigger, but no "Hysteresis" .
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR RFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
Time Trigger Source Triggers in a specified " Repetition Interval " on page 65.
For file input, data is taken from the file in the specified time interval. Overlap settings for the R&S VSE Player are ignored.
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR TIME, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
Magnitude (Offline) Trigger Source For (offline) input from a file, rather than an instrument. Triggers on a specified signal level.
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Remote command: TRIG:SOUR MAGN, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
Manual Trigger Source Only available for a connected R&S RTP:
Any trigger settings in the R&S VSE software are ignored; only trigger settings defined on the connected instrument are considered. Thus, you can make use of the more complex trigger settings available on an R&S RTP.
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR MAN, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 165
Trigger Level Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source.
For details on supported trigger levels, see the data sheet.
Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 163
Repetition Interval Defines the repetition interval for a time trigger. The shortest interval is 2 ns.
The repetition interval should be set to the exact pulse period, burst length, frame length or other repetitive signal characteristic.
Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:TIME:RINTerval on page 166
Drop-Out Time Defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before triggering again.
Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe on page 162
Trigger Offset Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
Offset > 0: Offset < 0:
Start of the measurement is delayed Measurement starts earlier (pretrigger)
(If supported by the connected instrument.) Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 162
Hysteresis Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed before a trigger event occurs. Setting a hysteresis avoids unwanted trigger events caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level. This setting is only available for "IF Power" or "Magnitude (Offline)" trigger sources. The range of the value depends on the connected instrument.
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Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 163 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis on page 164
Trigger Holdoff Defines the minimum time (in seconds) that must pass between two trigger events. Trigger events that occur during the holdoff time are ignored.
Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff on page 164
Slope For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
When using the optional 2 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000) with an IF power trigger, only rising slopes can be detected.
Remote command: TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 165
4.5 Data Acquisition
Configure how data is to be acquired in the "Data Acquisition" dialog box.
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Capture Time.................................................................................................................67 Capture Length............................................................................................................. 68 Swap I/Q ...................................................................................................................... 68 Usable I/Q Bandwidth................................................................................................... 68 Sample Rate................................................................................................................. 68 Maximum Bandwidth.....................................................................................................68 Filter State.....................................................................................................................68 6-dB Bandwidth.............................................................................................................69 50-dB Bandwidth...........................................................................................................69 Highpass Filter State.....................................................................................................69 6-dB Bandwidth.............................................................................................................69 50-dB Bandwidth...........................................................................................................70 Refresh..........................................................................................................................70
Capture Time Specifies the duration (and therefore the amount of data) to be captured in the capture buffer. If the capture time is too short, demodulation will fail. In particular, if the result length does not fit in the capture buffer, demodulation will fail.
Remote command: [SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 170
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Capture Length Defines the number of samples to be captured during each measurement. The required Capture Time is adapted accordingly.
A maximum of 8 000 000 samples can be captured.
Remote command: [SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth on page 170
Swap I/Q Activates or deactivates the inverted I/Q modulation. If the I and Q parts of the signal from the DUT are interchanged, the R&S VSE can do the same to compensate for it.
On
I and Q signals are interchanged
Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
Off
I and Q signals are not interchanged
Normal sideband, I+j*Q
Remote command: [SENSe:]SWAPiq on page 169
Usable I/Q Bandwidth Shows the usable I/Q bandwidth which depends on the selected sample rate. This information is provided for reference only. Remote command: TRACe:IQ:BWIDth on page 170
Sample Rate Defines the I/Q data sample rate of the R&S VSE.
Note that the sample rate in the R&S VSE software must correspond to the OFDM system sample rate, otherwise demodulation may fail. Remote command: TRACe:IQ:SRATe on page 171
Maximum Bandwidth Depending on the connected instrument, the maximum bandwidth to be used by the R&S VSE for I/Q data acquisition can be restricted. This setting is only available if a bandwidth extension option is installed on the connected instrument. Otherwise the maximum bandwidth is determined automatically. The available values depend on the instrument and the installed bandwidth extension options. For details see the instrument's documentation. Remote command: TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe] on page 171 TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth on page 171
Filter State Defines whether a channel filter - and a highpass filter, if active - is applied to the I/Q data before OFDM demodulation.
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Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe] on page 169
6-dB Bandwidth Configures the bandwidth of the channel filter at which an attenuation of 6 dB is reached (see Figure 4-5). The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current Sample Rate. If necessary, the filter bandwidth is adapted to the current sample rate.
Figure 4-5: Definition of filter bandwidths
Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw on page 168
50-dB Bandwidth Configures the 50-dB bandwidth of the channel filter. The 50-dB bandwidth is the bandwidth at which the filter reaches an attenuation of 50 dB (see Figure 4-5). This bandwidth must always be larger than the "6-dB Bandwidth" on page 69. If necessary, the 50-dB bandwidth is adapted to the current 6-dB bandwidth. Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw on page 168
Highpass Filter State Activates or deactivates an additional internal highpass filter. Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe] on page 168
6-dB Bandwidth Configures the bandwidth of the high pass filter at which an attenuation of 6 dB is reached (see Figure 4-5). The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current 6-dB Bandwidth of the channel filter. If necessary, the filter bandwidth is adapted to the same value. Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw on page 167
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50-dB Bandwidth Indicates the 50-dB bandwidth of the high pass filter. The 50-dB bandwidth is the bandwidth at which the filter reaches an attenuation of 50 dB (see Figure 4-5). This bandwidth must always be smaller than the 6-dB Bandwidth of the high pass filter.
The 50-dB bandwidth cannot be defined manually. It is automatically determined according to the relation between the 6-dB bandwidth and the 50-dB bandwidth of the channel filter (see 6-dB Bandwidth and 50-dB Bandwidth).
Remote command: INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw? on page 167
Refresh Access: "Auto Set" toolbar:
Repeats the evaluation of the data currently in the capture buffer without capturing new data. This is useful after changing settings, for example filters or evaluation ranges.
Remote command: INITiate:REFResh on page 167
4.6 Burst Search
Access: "Overview" > "Burst Search" Or: "Meas Setup" > "Burst Search"
During a burst search, the capture buffer is searched for bursts that comply with the signal description. If no bursts are detected, the entire capture buffer is considered to be a single burst. A list of the detected bursts is passed on to the next processing stage.
See also Chapter 3.2.2, "OFDM Measurement", on page 39.
Burst Search State........................................................................................................ 70
Burst Search State Activates or deactivates a burst search. Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:BURSt on page 172
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4.7 Result Ranges
The result range is an extract from the capture buffer and defines the data basis used for further analysis.
Max No of Frames to Analyze.......................................................................................71 Result Length................................................................................................................ 71
Max No of Frames to Analyze Defines the maximum number of OFDM frames from the current capture buffer to be included in analysis. If a configuration file is available, the contents of the file determine the frame. If no file is available, a single result range is considered a frame. Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:MAXFrames on page 172
Result Length Configures the number of OFDM symbols per frame to be analyzed. Note that this is not the maximum, but a precise number. If this number is higher than the actual number of symbols found in the signal, the result is not considered a frame, and not analyzed. Note: If a loaded configuration file contains a <DefaultResultLength> entry, the specified value is used as the default result length for the current measurement setup. Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols on page 172
4.8 Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking
Access: "Overview" > "Sync / Demod / Tracking"
Or: "Meas Setup" > "Sync / Demod / Tracking"
The following settings determine how the input signal is synchronized, demodulated, and tracked.
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Time Synchronization....................................................................................................72 Parameter Estimation....................................................................................................73 Modulation Detection.................................................................................................... 73 Synchronization Thresholds..........................................................................................73
Minimum Time Sync Metric.............................................................................73 Minimum Frame Sync Metric.......................................................................... 74 Phase Tracking............................................................................................................. 74 Timing Tracking.............................................................................................................74 Level Tracking............................................................................................................... 74 Channel Compensation.................................................................................................75 FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length...................................................................... 75 Maximum Carrier Offset................................................................................................ 75 Cyclic Delay.................................................................................................................. 75
Time Synchronization Specifies the synchronization method in the time domain.
"Cyclic Prefix" The cyclic prefix method performs a correlation of the cyclic prefix with the end of the FFT interval.
"Preamble"
The preamble method searches for the repetitive preamble blocks.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:TSYNc on page 176
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Parameter Estimation Defines which parts of the OFDM signal are used for the parameter estimation.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45). In manual configuration mode without a configuration file, no parameter estimation is performed.
"Pilot-Aided" Uses only the predefined pilot cells for parameter estimation
"Pilot And Data-Aided"
Uses both pilots and detected data cells for an additional synchronization step.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:FSYNc on page 174
Modulation Detection Specifies how the modulation of the data cells is detected.
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can use the modulation configured in the configuration file for each cell.
Alternatively, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application tries to detect the used modulation automatically based on the available modulation types (which are also defined in the configuration file). For automatic detection, the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application analyzes the modulation type per carrier or per symbol.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45).
"Configuration File"
The modulation format configured for the cell is used Note that if the actual modulation of a constellation point differs from the configured modulation for the cell, the EVM is increased.
"Symbolwise" A common modulation format for all data cells within one OFDM symbol is determined
"Carrierwise" A common modulation format for all data cells within one OFDM carrier is determined
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:MDETect on page 175
Synchronization Thresholds If you require a particular reliability in synchronization results, define thresholds for the success of synchronization required to calculate results.
The current reliability is indicated in the Signal Flow.
High thresholds are useful if several similar, but not identical frames, must be distinguished. In this case, it is important that the application synchronizes only to the correct frame in order to obtain correct results.
On the other hand, if the signal quality is poor, only a low level of reliability in synchronization can be achieved. In this case, high thresholds may prevent the application from evaluating any frames at all.
For details see Chapter 3.2.2.1, "Synchronization Block", on page 39.
Minimum Time Sync Metric Synchronization Thresholds Defines the minimum reliability required for time synchronization.
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Values between 0 and 1 are allowed, where: 0: low threshold, a very poor reliability is sufficient to synchronize successfully
(always fulfilled) 1: high threshold, time synchronization must be absolutely reliable to be successful
(only possible for ideal signal). The default value is 0.5, that means: for a reliability of 50 %, time synchronization is successful.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:TIME on page 175
Minimum Frame Sync Metric Synchronization Thresholds Defines the minimum correlation rate of the CP or preample for frame synchronization to be successful.
Values between 0 and 1 are allowed, where: 0: low threshold, a very poor correlation is sufficient to synchronize successfully
(always fulfilled) 1: high threshold, correlation must be very precise for frame synchronization to be
successful (only possible for ideal signal). The default value is 0.5, that means: for a correlation of 50 %, frame synchronization is successful.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:FRAMe on page 175
Phase Tracking Defines whether phase tracking is used to improve the signal quality. The compensation is done on a per-symbol basis.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45).
Remote command: SENSe:TRACking:PHASe on page 176
Timing Tracking Defines whether timing tracking is used to improve the signal quality (for sample clock deviations). The compensation is done on a per-symbol basis.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45).
Remote command: SENSe:TRACking:TIME on page 177
Level Tracking Defines whether level tracking is used to improve the signal quality (for power level deviations). The compensation is done on a per-symbol basis.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45).
Remote command: SENSe:TRACking:LEVel on page 176
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Channel Compensation Defines whether channel tracking is used to improve the signal quality (for the channel transfer function). The compensation is done on a per-carrier basis.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45).
Remote command: [SENSe:]COMPensate:CHANnel on page 173
FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length Defines the starting point of the FFT relative to the cyclic prefix length. Thus, you can shift the FFT start sample within the guard interval. This is useful if relevant parts of the channel impulse response fall outside the cyclic prefix interval.
A value of 0 is the first sample; a value of 1.0 is the last sample of the cyclic prefix.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:FFTShift on page 174
Maximum Carrier Offset The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can compensate for possible carrier offsets. However, searching for offsets slows down the measurement. This setting defines the range of carriers in which the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application searches for an offset.
To eliminate the search for carrier offset altogether, set the number of carriers to 0. In this case, the center frequency offset must be less than half the carrier distance to obtain useful results.
This setting is only available if a configuration file is loaded and active (see "Use Configuration File" on page 45).
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:COFFset on page 174
Cyclic Delay Defines a cyclic shift of the FFT values for each OFDM symbol on the transmitter end before adding the cyclic prefix. This known shift should be compensated in the receiver to get a correct channel phase response.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:CDD on page 173
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4.9 Adjusting Settings Automatically
Access: "Auto Set" toolbar
Depending on the connected instrument, some settings can be adjusted by the instrument automatically according to the current measurement settings. To do so, a measurement is performed. The duration of this measurement can be defined automatically or manually.
To activate the automatic adjustment of a setting from the R&S VSE, select the corresponding function in the "Auto Set" toolbar or in the configuration dialog box for the setting, where available.
Adjusting settings automatically during triggered measurements When you select an auto adjust function a measurement is performed to determine the optimal settings. If you select an auto adjust function for a triggered measurement, you are asked how the connected instrument should behave: (default:) The measurement for adjustment waits for the next trigger The measurement for adjustment is performed without waiting for a trigger.
The trigger source is temporarily set to "Free Run". After the measurement is completed, the original trigger source is restored. The trigger level is adjusted as follows for IF Power and RF Power triggers: Trigger Level = Reference Level - 15 dB
Remote command: [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:TRIGger on page 179
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ).........................................76 Auto Settings Configuration.......................................................................................... 76
Automatic Measurement Time Mode and Value............................................. 77 Upper Level Hysteresis ..................................................................................77 Lower Level Hysteresis ..................................................................................77
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ) The connected instrument automatically determines the optimal reference level for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators and the preamplifier are adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression, clipping and overload conditions are minimized. This function is not available on all supported instruments. Remote command: [SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 179
Auto Settings Configuration For some automatic settings, additional parameters can be configured. The "Auto Set Config" dialog box is available when you select the icon from the "Auto Set" toolbar.
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Automatic Measurement Time Mode and Value Auto Settings Configuration To determine the optimal reference level automatically, a level measurement is performed on the connected instrument. You can define whether the duration of this measurement is determined automatically or manually.
To define the duration manually, enter a value in seconds.
Remote command: [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE on page 178 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation on page 177
Upper Level Hysteresis Auto Settings Configuration When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the internal attenuators and the preamplifier (if available) of the connected instrument are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting defines an upper threshold the signal must exceed (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command: [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer on page 179
Lower Level Hysteresis Auto Settings Configuration When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the internal attenuators and the preamplifier (if available) of the connected instrument are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting defines a lower threshold the signal must fall below (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command: [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer on page 178
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5 Creating a Configuration File Using the Wizard
The R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard (referred to as "wizard" here) is a tool that supports you in defining the configuration of your OFDM signal directly in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application has to know the configuration of the OFDM system to be able to demodulate an OFDM signal correctly. By "configuration", we refer to the complete description of the OFDM system: The number of subcarriers (i.e. the FFT size) The number of symbols The number of samples in the cyclic prefix (also referred to as guard length) The position (carrier number, symbol number) of the
� Pilot symbols � Data symbols � Zero symbols � "Do not care" symbols The modulation format of the data symbols (e.g. QPSK, 16QAM etc.) The I/Q values of the pilot symbols Optional: the definition of the preamble
This section describes how to generate the OFDM system configuration file in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application for the current input signal.
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application provides some sample files for I/Q input data and configuration files in the C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA directory. The R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard is provided with the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application software. It is available from the Windows "Start" menu.
To start the R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard
1. Configure the required input signal in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, either from a connected instrument or from an input file.
2. Select "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Create New Configuration File".
Understanding the R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard Display.................... 79 Configuration Steps.................................................................................................86 Reference of Wizard Menu Functions.....................................................................91 Example: Creating a Configuration File from an Input Signal................................. 94
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5.1 Understanding the R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard Display
The following figure shows the R&S VSE-K96 Configuration File Wizard user interface. All different areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Figure 5-1: Elements of the wizard user interface
1 = Menu functions (see Chapter 5.3, "Reference of Wizard Menu Functions", on page 91) 2 = Progress indicator (see Chapter 5.2, "Configuration Steps", on page 86) 3 = Constellation view 4 = Access to wizard help (see Chapter 5.3.4, "Help", on page 94) 5 = General signal information 6 = Matrix view
General Signal Information..................................................................................... 79 Constellation View...................................................................................................80 Matrix View..............................................................................................................82
5.1.1 General Signal Information
General information on the configured signal is provided here for reference. Some values are derived from the configuration settings in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, others are generated by the wizard. The values displayed here are also included in the generated configuration file. If specified in the description, some values are
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shown in the "Signal Description" dialog box when you load the file in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
Number of Carriers........................................................................................................80 Number of Symbols.......................................................................................................80 Cyclic Prefix Length...................................................................................................... 80 System name................................................................................................................ 80 System description........................................................................................................80
Number of Carriers Indicates the number of subcarriers used by the signal. This value corresponds to the "FFT Size" on page 46.
Number of Symbols The number of OFDM symbols corresponds to the result length configured in the "Result Range" settings in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application (see "Result Length" on page 71).
Cyclic Prefix Length Defines the length of the cyclic prefix area between two OFDM symbols in samples. The cyclic prefix area defines the guard interval and is expected to contain a copy of the samples at the end of the OFDM symbol. The cyclic prefix length must be smaller than or equal to the FFT Size.
System name Defines the name of the stored configuration file. The default name is C:/temp/ MyData. You can change the name in the "Settings" (see Chapter 5.3.3, "Settings", on page 92).
System description Provides a description of the signal configured in the file. By default, the following main characteristics are included: Number of Carriers Number of Symbols Cyclic Prefix Length If you deactivate the "Default" setting, you can overwrite the text with any other.
5.1.2 Constellation View
The Constellation View shows the constellation points (= I/Q values) for the OFDM cells in the defined result range. Using this view, you can assign the measured constellation points to specific cell types for the allocation matrix in the configuration file.
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Figure 5-2: Constellation view
Selection tool Sets the cursor action to selection mode. All cells in the selection area are highlighted in color. The Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator shows which color is used. Any subsequent functions are applied to the selected cells. Click in the diagram and move the cursor, holding the mouse button, to display a dotted rectangle and define the selection area. Press the [Shift] key and click in the diagram to extend the selection to neighboring symbols. Press the [CTRL] key and click in the diagram to add further (non-neighboring) points to the existing selection. Click the same points again to deselect them.
Zoom Sets the cursor action to zoom mode. Click in the diagram and move the cursor, holding the mouse button, to display a rectangle and define the zoom area. The zoomed area is enlarged in the display. Repeat the action to zoom in further. The Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator above the diagram shows that zoom mode is active. To change the cursor function and stop zooming, select Selection tool.
Zoom Off Displays the diagram in its original size.
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Note that this function does not change the cursor function. To change the cursor function and stop zooming, select Selection tool. The Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator above the diagram shows that zoom mode is active.
Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator Indicates whether the current cursor action is to select cells (selection mode), or to define the zoom area. In selection mode, the color used to highlight selected cells is indicated.
Show non-allocated constellation points Displays or hides the constellation points not yet allocated to a cell type in the Constellation diagram.
Show allocated constellation points Displays or hides the constellation points already allocated to a cell type in the Constellation diagram.
5.1.3 Matrix View
The Matrix View displays two different diagrams of the measured symbols (y-axis) vs carriers (x-axis). Power vs Symbol vs Carrier diagram
Shows a colored rectangle (= OFDM cell) for each symbol and carrier, with a different color for each measured power range. Thus, you can easily identify symbols with a similar power value, which therefore most likely belong to the same cell type.
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Figure 5-3: Matrix view with Power vs Symbol vs Carrier diagram
Either a colored or a black-and-white (gray shades) power indication is available (see Black and white color map/ Colored color map). The darker the color, the lower the power of the corresponding OFDM cell. Allocation Matrix Shows a colored point for each allocated symbol and carrier, with a different color for each cell type.
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Figure 5-4: Matrix view with Allocation Matrix
Optionally, the selected symbols can be highlighted in the matrix.
Similarly to the Constellation view, you can also select cells in the Matrix view to assign them to specific cell types.
Further zoom and selection functions are provided in the context-menu for the diagram (right-click in the diagram).
Black and white color map............................................................................................ 84 Colored color map.........................................................................................................85 Highlight selected cells..................................................................................................85 Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator.........................................................................85 Selection tool.................................................................................................................85 Zoom............................................................................................................................. 85 Zoom Off....................................................................................................................... 85 Select Symbol / Select Carrier...................................................................................... 85 Select Specific Symbol / Select Specific Carrier........................................................... 85 Select Symbol/Carrier Range........................................................................................86 Deselect All................................................................................................................... 86 Extract Symbols............................................................................................................ 86
Black and white color map The different modulation types in the Power vs Symbol vs Carrier diagram are displayed in different shades of black, white, and gray. The lighter the shade of gray, the higher the power level in the OFDM cell.
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Colored color map The different modulation types in the Power vs Symbol vs Carrier diagram are displayed in different colors. The used colors are indicated in the legend above the diagram.
Highlight selected cells The cells in the area selected by the Selection tool are highlighted in the Allocation Matrix.
Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator Indicates whether the current cursor action is to select cells (selection mode), or to define the zoom area. In selection mode, the color used to highlight selected cells is indicated.
Selection tool Sets the cursor action to selection mode. All cells in the selection area are highlighted in color. The Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator shows which color is used. Any subsequent functions are applied to the selected cells. Click in the diagram and move the cursor, holding the mouse button, to display a dotted rectangle and define the selection area. Press the [Shift] key and click in the diagram to extend the selection to neighboring symbols. Press the [CTRL] key and click in the diagram to add further (non-neighboring) points to the existing selection. Click the same points again to deselect them.
Zoom Sets the cursor action to zoom mode. Click in the diagram and move the cursor, holding the mouse button, to display a rectangle and define the zoom area. The zoomed area is enlarged in the display. Repeat the action to zoom in further. The Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator above the diagram shows that zoom mode is active. To change the cursor function and stop zooming, select Selection tool.
Zoom Off Displays the diagram in its original size. Note that this function does not change the cursor function. To change the cursor function and stop zooming, select Selection tool. The Selection Mode / Zoom Mode indicator above the diagram shows that zoom mode is active.
Select Symbol / Select Carrier Selects the symbol or carrier at the current cursor position.
Select Specific Symbol / Select Specific Carrier Opens an input field to enter a specific symbol or carrier number for selection.
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Select Symbol/Carrier Range Opens a dialog box to define a start and stop symbol or carrier number of a range for selection.
Deselect All Deselects all currently selected symbols or carriers.
Extract Symbols Extracts a range of symbols from the imported signal for further analysis. Note: To restore discarded symbols for analysis you must re-import the signal. This function is identical to Chapter 5.2.2, "Step 2: (Optional:) Adjusting the Analysis Region", on page 87.
5.2 Configuration Steps
The wizard guides you through the process of creating a configuration file. The progress bar (see Figure 5-1) indicates which step you are currently working on. When you have completed all required steps, you will have created a configuration file that can be imported to the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application for signal analysis.
Step 1: (Optional:) Importing Existing Files.............................................................86 Step 2: (Optional:) Adjusting the Analysis Region.................................................. 87 Step 3: Synchronization.......................................................................................... 88 Step 4: Gain Adjustment......................................................................................... 88 Steps 5 + 6: Allocation of Signal Components........................................................89 Step 7: Storing Results........................................................................................... 90
5.2.1 Step 1: (Optional:) Importing Existing Files
The wizard requires demodulated data as input. When you open the wizard directly from the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, the demodulated data from the input signal is stored in a .K96_wizv file internally. The wizard automatically loads this file when it is started and you start with step 2.
If a configuration file already exists, you can load it to the wizard and use it to create a new one.
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To import an existing configuration file 1. Select step 1 in the progress bar ("Step-by-Step").
2. Select the .K96_wizv file to load. The constellation diagram and allocation matrix are updated according to the stored data.
5.2.2 Step 2: (Optional:) Adjusting the Analysis Region
By default, the result range configured in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application defines the number of symbols displayed in the Constellation diagram. If the result range was correctly configured to comprise exactly one frame, you do not need to adjust the analysis region.
If necessary, you can restrict the analysis region.
Example:
The result range in Figure 5-5 contains 4 bursts, indicated by green bars. To configure the configuration file using the wizard, only one burst is required. Thus, you can extract the symbols for one burst to be used as the analysis region.
Figure 5-5: Sample result range with multiple bursts
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To restrict the analysis region 1. Select step 2 in the progress bar ("Step-by-Step"). 2. Define the first and last symbols of the result range to be analyzed.
5.2.3 Step 3: Synchronization
The wizard can synchronize the measured data in terms of time, frequency, and phase, automatically. If necessary, you can improve the synchronization manually.
To synchronize the measured data 1. Select step 3 in the progress bar.
2. Select "Auto" to perform automatic synchronization.
3. If necessary, move the sliders for timing, frequency, or phase until the constellation diagram shows an optimal display. Tip: Click directly on the "Phase" slider to rotate the constellation in 45� steps. Click on the arrows of the slider or move the slider handle to rotate the constellation by smaller degrees.
5.2.4 Step 4: Gain Adjustment
The power gain for individual OFDM cells is determined in reference to the power measured for a specific constellation. It is recommended that you define a reference constellation that comprises a large number of cells with similar power. In most cases, the data cells of the OFDM signal are a good selection to be used as a reference. The reference can be defined automatically or manually.
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To select the reference for gain adjustment
1. Select step 4 in the progress bar.
2. Select the constellation type to be used as a reference.
3. The "Radius" defines the area around the constellation point used to detect the symbol and calculate the power of the symbol. As a rule, the radius should be defined such that neighboring constellation markers do not overlap. The currently used radius is indicated by a circle around the ideal constellation points in the Constellation diagram.
To adjust the gain
1. Select "Auto" to perform a gain estimation based on the power measured in the selected constellation type.
2. To increase the reference gain, move the slider to the right. To reduce the reference gain, move the slider to the left.
3. Select "OK" to define the measured power of the selected cells as the reference power for gain settings of other cells.
5.2.5 Steps 5 + 6: Allocation of Signal Components
In this step, you must configure the main characteristics of each OFDM cell. To do so, you must select the OFDM cells that belong to a specific cell type, configure their characteristics, and then allocate them. The result is an allocation matrix that contains information for each OFDM cell of the current OFDM frame.
How to allocate the individual signal components
The characteristics that cells of the same type have in common are referred to as "Constellation Markers".
Select constellation markers that match your demodulated constellation, or a subset of your demodulated constellation. If you cannot see a clear constellation, improve the synchronization as described in Chapter 5.2.3, "Step 3: Synchronization", on page 88.
1. Select step 5 in the progress bar.
Note: Steps 5 and 6 use the same display, therefore it is not necessary to switch from step 5 to 6.
2. The selection from Step 4: Gain Adjustment is maintained, so you can allocate the cell type used for gain adjustment first without further settings required. For all other cell types, in the Constellation View, select the modulation type.
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The symbols with the selected modulation are highlighted.
3. Alternatively, for example for "Don't care" cells for which no characteristic modulation applies, define or edit the selection manually using the Selection tool.
4. Another characteristic stored for each cell is the gain value. By default, the reference power defined in Step 4: Gain Adjustment is assumed. Thus, a "Boosting" factor of 1.000 - relative to the reference power - is defined. For cells with different gain values, define a different boosting factor to be applied to the reference power.
To determine the required boosting automatically from the constellation points, select "Auto".
If you know the required factor, click on the boosting value and enter the value directly.
Note: The more accurate the boosting is defined, the more accurate the EVM results in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
5. The "Radius" defines the area around the ideal constellation point used to detect the measured constellation points that correspond to the currently selected constellation type. As a rule, the radius should be selected such that the circles around the ideal constellation points do not overlap. If necessary, adapt the radius around the ideal constellation points to include all and only constellation points that belong to the selected constellation type.
6. In the Constellation View, in the "Allocation" area, select the cell type of the selected OFDM cells, for example "Pilot" or "Data".
7. Optionally, edit the name of the cell type which is used for the legend of the Allocation Matrix. By default, the cell type and modulation are used.
8. Select the checkmark and confirm the message to allocate the selected cells to the selected cell type.
The cells are indicated in the color shown in the legend above the Allocation Matrix. The cells are no longer displayed if you selected only Show non-allocated constellation points in the Constellation View.
9. If necessary, you can revert the last allocation.
The allocated OFDM cells are indicated as non-allocated (but still selected).
10. Repeat these steps until all OFDM have been allocated. When the last cell type has been allocated, a message is displayed asking you to store the results.
Tip: In the Constellation View, select Show non-allocated constellation points and deselect "Show allocated constellation points" on page 82 to see which cells are still missing in the Allocation Matrix.
5.2.6 Step 7: Storing Results
When you have allocated all constellation points in the Constellation diagram to a cell type and configured all other settings as required, store the results to file. The resulting
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configuration file can then be used for analysis in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
To store a configuration file
1. At the end of Steps 5 + 6: Allocation of Signal Components, when all OFDM cells have been allocated, you are automatically asked if you want to store the configuration file. At any other point in the configuration process, select step 7 in the progress bar ("Step-by-Step" area) of the wizard, or select the "File" > "Save Configuration File" menu item.
2. Select a file name and storage location for the configuration file.
3. Select "Save".
5.3 Reference of Wizard Menu Functions
The following functions are provided in the menus of the configuration file wizard.
File Functions..........................................................................................................91 Edit Functions......................................................................................................... 92 Settings................................................................................................................... 92 Help.........................................................................................................................94
5.3.1 File Functions
New............................................................................................................................... 91 Import Data from R&S FS-K96......................................................................................91 Load Configuration File................................................................................................. 92 Save Configuration File.................................................................................................92 Exit................................................................................................................................ 92
New Creates a new, empty configuration file. This function is similar to a preset function. Any information from the input signal in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application is no longer available in the wizard. You must load existing signal or configuration data to continue. See "Import Data from R&S FS-K96" on page 91 and "Load Configuration File" on page 92.
Import Data from R&S FS-K96 Opens a file selection dialog box to import I/Q data from an existing .K96_wizv file (created by the R&S VSE-K96 application) or .K96_wiz file created by the R&S FSK96 software option.
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Load Configuration File Opens a file selection dialog box to load an existing .xml configuration file, for example as the basis for a similar configuration.
Save Configuration File Opens a file selection dialog box to save the current configuration to an .xml file. This function is identical to Chapter 5.2.6, "Step 7: Storing Results", on page 90. Note: At the end of Steps 5 + 6: Allocation of Signal Components, when all symbols have been allocated, you are automatically asked if you want to store the configuration file.
Exit Closes the wizard without a confirmation. Use Save Configuration File to store your current configuration before exiting.
5.3.2 Edit Functions
Reset All Allocations..................................................................................................... 92 Undo Last Allocation..................................................................................................... 92 Extract Symbols............................................................................................................ 92 Shift Left by 1 Carrier / Shift Right by 1 Carrier.............................................................92
Reset All Allocations Removes all applied allocations. All cells are indicated as non-allocated.
Undo Last Allocation Reverts the most recently applied allocation. The allocated cells are indicated as nonallocated (but still selected). This function is identical to using the icon in the Constellation View.
Extract Symbols Extracts a range of symbols from the imported signal for further analysis. Note: To restore discarded symbols for analysis you must re-import the signal. This function is identical to Chapter 5.2.2, "Step 2: (Optional:) Adjusting the Analysis Region", on page 87.
Shift Left by 1 Carrier / Shift Right by 1 Carrier Shifts the carrier information for all symbols by one carrier. This is useful to compensate for a frequency offset that could not be corrected by the automatic synchronization function.
5.3.3 Settings
System name................................................................................................................ 93 System description........................................................................................................93 Cyclic Prefix Length...................................................................................................... 93
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Preamble....................................................................................................................... 93 Set Preamble.................................................................................................. 93 Block Length................................................................................................... 93 Frame Start Offset.......................................................................................... 94
Cyclic Delay Diversity....................................................................................................94
System name Defines the name of the stored configuration file. The default name is C:/temp/ MyData. You can change the name in the "Settings" (see Chapter 5.3.3, "Settings", on page 92).
System description Provides a description of the signal configured in the file.
By default, the following main characteristics are included: Number of Carriers Number of Symbols Cyclic Prefix Length If you deactivate the "Default" setting, you can overwrite the text with any other.
Cyclic Prefix Length Defines the length of the cyclic prefix area between two OFDM symbols in samples. The cyclic prefix area defines the guard interval and is expected to contain a copy of the samples at the end of the OFDM symbol.
The cyclic prefix length must be smaller than or equal to the FFT Size.
Preamble Preamble symbol characteristics can be stored in the configuration file. These settings correspond to those in the "Signal Description" dialog in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application (see Chapter 4.2, "Signal Description", on page 44). The information can be used by the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, for example for synchronisation.
Set Preamble Preamble If activated, the defined preamble symbol characteristics are stored in the configuration file.
Block Length Preamble Specifies the length of one data block within the repetitive preamble as a number of samples.
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Frame Start Offset Preamble Specifies the time offset from the preamble start to the actual frame start as a number of samples.
Cyclic Delay Diversity Defines a cyclic shift of the FFT values for each OFDM symbol before adding the cyclic prefix.
5.3.4 Help
Provides context-sensitive help on the configuration process, according to the currently selected process step.
5.4 Example: Creating a Configuration File from an Input Signal
The wizard requires demodulated data as input for the configuration file. You can configure a basic measurement for the input signal in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application as described in Chapter 7, "How to Perform Measurements in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application", on page 118, or load existing I/Q data to the application.
For this example, we will use the I/Q data in the demo file C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA\ WlanA_64QAM.iq.tar provided with the R&S VSE software.
The following signal parameters are already known: FFT size (= number of subcarriers): 64 samples Cyclic prefix length: 16 samples OFDM system sample rate: 20 MHz Pilot modulation: QPSK + 45�QPSK Data modulation: 64QAM + BPSK
1. Define the basic signal parameters so the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application can demodulate the data.
a) Select the "Meas Setup > Signal Description" menu item.
Set "FFT Size" = 64. Set "Cyclic Prefix Length" = 16. b) Select the "Meas Setup > Data Acquisition" menu item.
Set "Sample Rate" = 20 MHz.
2. Drag the C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA\ WlanA_64QAM.iq.tar file from the file explorer to the OFDM VSA channel in the R&S VSE software.
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The input type is set to "File", and the selected file is loaded as input for the OFDM VSA channel. The Magnitude Capture display shows the bursted signal.
3. The green bar in the Magnitude Capture diagram does not cover an entire frame. Increase the result range to include all symbols of a frame.
a) Select the "Meas Setup > Result Range" menu item.
Set "Result Length" = 100.
The data is now demodulated correctly and can be used as input for a new configuration file.
4. In the "Signal Description" dialog box, select "Create New Configuration File".
5. Since it is a bursted signal and the result range is large enough, the analysis range corresponds to exactly one frame. We can start directly with step 3, synchronization. Our constellation diagram is slightly rotated and generally does not show an ideal constellation, so we must improve the synchronization settings.
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Figure 5-6: Constellation diagram for loaded WLAN signal data
Select step 3 in the progress bar. a) Select "Auto" to perform automatic synchronization.
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b) If necessary, move the sliders for timing, frequency, or phase until the constellation diagram shows an optimal display.
Figure 5-7: Constellation diagram after automatic synchronization
6. The reference constellation for the gain calculation is best defined by the data cells in this signal, which use a 64-QAM modulation. Select step 4 in the progress bar. a) In the "Gain Adjustment" dialog box, select "Constellation" = "64QAM"
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b) Select "Gain Adjustment" > "Auto". The data cells which use this modulation are highlighted both in the Constellation diagram and the Matrix view.
Figure 5-8: Highlighted data points in 64QAM constellation
The power for the highlighted constellation points will be stored as the reference power, that is: as the boosting factor "1.0".
7. Since the data cells are already selected, we will allocate those cells in the matrix first. a) Select step 5 in the progress bar. b) In the "Constellation View", "Allocation" area, select "Allocate as:" "Data" c)
Select the green checkmark icon. The data cells in the Allocation Matrix are indicated in the specified color for data symbols.
8. Next we will allocate the symbols with a power level of 0 V - the "Zero" cells. a) In the "Constellation View", select the modulation type "Zero" as a constellation marker. b) In the "Constellation View", "Allocation" area, select "Allocate as:" "Zero". c)
Select the green checkmark icon.
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The zero cells in the Allocation Matrix are indicated in the specified color for "Zero" symbols.
9. Allocate the "Pilot" cells.
a) In the "Constellation View", select the modulation type "QPSK" as a constellation marker.
Figure 5-9: Symbols with QPSK constellation
Although we know some of the pilots use QPSK modulation, none of the symbols are highlighted. Possibly a boosting factor was applied.
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b) Select the "Boosting" : "Auto" function. A boosting of 2.079 is detected and applied to the symbols. Now some of the symbols are highlighted.
Figure 5-10: Symbols with QPSK modulation and applied boosting
c) In the "Constellation View", "Allocation" area, select "Allocate as:" "Pilots". d)
Select the green checkmark icon. The pilot cells in the Allocation Matrix are indicated in the specified color for "Pilot" symbols, and the selected cells are stored with a boosting factor of 2.079. 10. Some of the remaining cells are data cells with a BPSK modulation. a) In the "Constellation View", select the modulation type "BPSK" as a constella-
tion marker. b) In the "Constellation View", "Allocation" area, select "Allocate as:" "Data". c)
Select the green checkmark icon.
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11. The last remaining cells are pilot cells with a 45�QPSK modulation. a) In the "Constellation View", select the modulation type "45�QPSK" as a constellation marker. b) In the "Constellation View", "Allocation" area, select "Allocate as:" "Pilot". c)
Select the green checkmark icon. A message is displayed informing you that all symbols are allocated.
12. Store the configuration file. Select step 7 in the progress bar. a) Enter the file name and storage location for the configuration file: C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\ OFDM-VSA\MyWlanA_64QAM.xml
13. Close the wizard.
Now you can load the configuration file in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application. See step 4.
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6 Analyzing OFDM VSA Vector Signals
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration"
General result analysis settings concerning the trace, markers, windows etc. can be configured. They are identical to the analysis functions in the base unit except for the special window functions.
Result Configuration..............................................................................................102 Table Configuration............................................................................................... 104 Units......................................................................................................................105 Y-Scaling............................................................................................................... 106 Markers................................................................................................................. 108 Trace Settings....................................................................................................... 113 Trace / Data Export Configuration......................................................................... 115
6.1 Result Configuration
Some result displays provide further settings.
Normalize EVM to....................................................................................................... 103 Frame Averaging.........................................................................................................103 Constellation Display - Modulation Type..................................................................... 103 Constellation Display - Modulation..............................................................................103
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Constellation Display - Symbol................................................................................... 104 Constellation Display - Carrier.................................................................................... 104 Constellation Display - Point Size............................................................................... 104
Normalize EVM to Specifies the OFDM cells which are averaged to get the reference magnitude for EVM normalization.
(See Chapter C.1, "Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)", on page 256 for details).
"RMS Pilots & RMS value of the pilot and data cells Data"
"RMS Data" RMS value of the data cells
"RMS Pilots" RMS value of the pilot cells
"Peak Pilots & Peak value of the pilot and data cells Data"
"Peak Data" Peak value of the data cells
"Peak Pilots" Peak value of the pilot cells
"None"
Normalization is turned off.
Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:NORMalize on page 180
Frame Averaging Specifies the method of averaging over multiple OFDM frames in one capture buffer used to get the mean EVM values in the result list.
Frame Averaging Mean square
Averaged EVM over N frames
1
N
N 1 EVM i 2
i0
RMS
1
N
N 1
EVM i
i0
Mean square averaging is consistent with the EVM calculation within one frame. However, some standards, e.g. 802.11a, require RMS averaging. Remote command: [SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:FAVerage on page 180
Constellation Display - Modulation Type The constellation diagram includes only symbols for the selected modulation types. The selected modulation types are indicated in the constellation diagram for reference. Remote command: CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation:TYPE on page 182
Constellation Display - Modulation The constellation diagram includes only symbols with the selected modulation.
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Remote command: CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation on page 181
Constellation Display - Symbol The constellation diagram includes all or only the specified symbol number. The first symbol number is 0. Remote command: CONFigure:FILTer<n>:SYMBol on page 182
Constellation Display - Carrier The constellation diagram includes symbols for all or only for the specified carrier number. The range of valid carrier numbers is: [- FFT Size/2, + FFT Size/2] Remote command: CONFigure:FILTer<n>:CARRier on page 181
Constellation Display - Point Size Defines the size of the individual points in a constellation diagram.
6.2 Table Configuration
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Table Config"
Or: "Meas Setup" > "Result Configuration" > "Table Config" tab
During each measurement, a large number of characteristic signal parameters are determined. Select the parameters to be included in the Result Summary table. For a description of the individual parameters, see Chapter 2.1, "OFDM VSA Parameters", on page 10.
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Bitstream Format For the Bitstream display, define the format of the symbols: hexadecimal (default), decimal, octal or binary. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:BITStream:FORMat on page 181
6.3 Units
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Units" Or: "Meas Setup" > "Result Configuration" > "Units" tab For some result configurations, the unit of the displayed values can be configured.
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Remote command: UNIT:EVM on page 186 UNIT:IRESponse on page 187 UNIT:SAXes on page 187 UNIT:CAXes on page 185 UNIT:TAXes on page 187 UNIT:FAXes on page 186
Analyzing OFDM VSA Vector Signals Y-Scaling
6.4 Y-Scaling
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Y Scaling" Or: "Meas Setup" > "Result Configuration" > "Y Scaling" tab The scaling for the vertical axis is highly configurable, using either absolute or relative values. Note that scaling settings are window-specific and not available for all result displays.
Automatic Grid Scaling................................................................................................107 Auto Scale Once......................................................................................................... 107 Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values).............................................................................107 Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division)..................................................................107
Per Division...................................................................................................107 Ref Position...................................................................................................107 Ref Value...................................................................................................... 107
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Automatic Grid Scaling The y-axis is scaled automatically according to the current measurement settings and results (continuously). Note: Tip: To update the scaling automatically once when this setting for continuous scaling is off, use the Auto Scale Once function. Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO on page 183
Auto Scale Once If enabled, both the x-axis and y-axis are automatically adapted to the current measurement results (only once, not dynamically) in the selected window. Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO on page 183
Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values) Define the scaling using absolute minimum and maximum values. Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum on page 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum on page 184
Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division) Define the scaling relative to a reference value, with a specified value range per division.
Per Division Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division) Defines the value range to be displayed per division of the diagram (1/10 of total range). Note: The value defined per division refers to the default display of 10 divisions on the y-axis. If fewer divisions are displayed (e.g. because the window is reduced in height), the range per division is increased to display the same result range in the smaller window. In this case, the per division value does not correspond to the actual display. Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision on page 184
Ref Position Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division) Defines the position of the reference value in percent of the total y-axis range. Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition on page 184
Ref Value Relative Scaling (Reference/ per Division) Defines the reference value to be displayed at the specified reference position. Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue on page 185
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6.5 Markers
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Markers"
Or: "Marker"
Markers help you analyze your measurement results by determining particular values in the diagram. Thus you can extract numeric values from a graphical display.
Markers in 3-dimensional diagrams Some diagrams have a third dimension - in addition to the x-axis and y-axis they show a third dimension (z-dimension) of results using different colors. For such diagrams, you must define the position of the marker both in the x-dimension and in the y-dimension to obtain the results in the z-dimension.
Markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix Using markers in a Constellation diagram you can detect individual constellation points for a specific symbol or carrier. When you activate a marker in the Constellation diagram, its position is defined by the symbol and carrier number the point belongs to, while the marker result indicates the I and Q values of the point. Similarly, you can define markers in an Allocation Matrix by selecting the symbol and carrier number. Using markers in the Constellation diagram and Allocation Matrix you can scroll through the points for a specific carrier, for example. Activate a marker, then use the rotary knob or mouse wheel to move the marker from one symbol to the next.
Individual Marker Settings.....................................................................................108 General Marker Settings........................................................................................111 Marker Positioning Functions................................................................................ 112
6.5.1 Individual Marker Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Result Config" > "Markers" Or: "Marker" > "Marker" In OFDM VSA evaluations, up to 16 markers can be activated in each diagram at any time.
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Place New Marker ..................................................................................................109 Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 ............................ 109
Selected Marker ......................................................................................................... 110 Marker State ...............................................................................................................110 X-value........................................................................................................................ 110 Y-value.........................................................................................................................110 Marker Type ................................................................................................................110 Reference Marker ....................................................................................................... 111 Linking to Another Marker ...........................................................................................111 Assigning the Marker to a Trace .................................................................................111 All Markers Off ............................................................................................................ 111
Place New Marker Activates the next currently unused marker and sets it to the peak value of the current trace in the current window.
Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 To activate a marker, select the arrow on the marker selection list in the toolbar, or select a marker from the "Marker" > "Select Marker" menu. Enter the marker position ( "X-value" ) in the edit dialog box.
To deactivate a marker, select the marker name in the marker selection list in the toolbar (not the arrow) to display the "Select Marker" dialog box. Change the "State" to "Off" .
Marker 1 is always the default reference marker for relative measurements. If activated, markers 2 to 16 are delta markers that refer to marker 1. These markers can be converted into markers with absolute value display using the "Marker Type" function.
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Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 223 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X on page 194 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 223 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y on page 222
Selected Marker Marker name. The marker which is currently selected for editing is highlighted orange. Remote command: Marker selected via suffix <m> in remote commands.
Marker State Activates or deactivates the marker in the diagram. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 191 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 193
X-value Defines the position of the marker on the x-axis. For Constellation diagrams, the position is defined by a symbol number. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X on page 194 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 191
Y-value Defines the position of the marker on the y-axis for 3-dimensional diagrams. For Constellation diagrams, the position is defined by a carrier number. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y on page 222 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 223
Marker Type
Toggles the marker type.
The type for marker 1 is always "Normal" , the type for delta marker 1 is always "Delta" . These types cannot be changed.
Note: If normal marker 1 is the active marker, switching the "Mkr Type" activates an additional delta marker 1. For any other marker, switching the marker type does not activate an additional marker, it only switches the type of the selected marker.
"Normal"
A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram.
"Delta"
A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (marker 1 by default).
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Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 191 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 193
Reference Marker Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis results (delta marker values). If the reference marker is deactivated, the delta marker referring to it is also deactivated. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence on page 193
Linking to Another Marker Links the current marker to the marker selected from the list of active markers. If the xaxis value of the initial marker is changed, the linked marker follows to the same position on the x-axis. Linking is off by default. Using this function you can set two markers on different traces to measure the difference (e.g. between a max hold trace and a min hold trace or between a measurement and a reference trace). Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md> on page 190 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md> on page 193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK on page 192
Assigning the Marker to a Trace The "Trace" setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace. The trace determines which value the marker shows at the marker position. If the marker was previously assigned to a different trace, the marker remains on the previous frequency or time, but indicates the value of the new trace. If a trace is turned off, the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactivated. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 191
All Markers Off
Deactivates all markers in one step. Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF on page 190
6.5.2 General Marker Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Result Configuration" > "Marker Settings" Or: "Marker" > "Marker" > "Marker Settings" tab
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Marker Table Display Defines how the marker information is displayed.
"On"
Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram.
"Off"
No separate marker table is displayed.
Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle on page 195
Marker Info Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off.
Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe] on page 195
6.5.3 Marker Positioning Functions
The following functions set the currently selected marker to the result of a peak search. Access: "Marker" toolbar Peak Search ...............................................................................................................113 Search Next Peak .......................................................................................................113 Search Minimum .........................................................................................................113 Search Next Minimum ................................................................................................ 113
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Peak Search
Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the maximum of the trace. If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated.
Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK] on page 199 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK] on page 197
Search Next Peak Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the next (lower) maximum of the assigned trace. If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated.
,
Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:NEXT on page 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt on page 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:LEFT on page 198 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:NEXT on page 196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt on page 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:LEFT on page 196
Search Minimum
Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the minimum of the trace. If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated.
Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum[:PEAK] on page 200 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum[:PEAK] on page 198
Search Next Minimum Sets the selected marker/delta marker to the next (higher) minimum of the selected trace. If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated.
,
Remote command: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:NEXT on page 200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:LEFT on page 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:RIGHt on page 200 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:NEXT on page 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:LEFT on page 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:RIGHt on page 198
6.6 Trace Settings
Access: "Trace" > "Trace"
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The trace settings determine how the measured data is analyzed and displayed in the window.
Depending on the result display, between 1 and 6 traces are available.
Trace data can also be exported to an ASCII file for further analysis. For details, see Chapter 6.7, "Trace / Data Export Configuration", on page 115.
Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3.............................................................................................. 114 Trace Mode ................................................................................................................ 114 Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config .................................................................. 115
Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3 Selects the corresponding trace for configuration. The currently selected trace is highlighted orange.
Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] on page 189 Selected via numeric suffix of TRACe<t> commands
Trace Mode Defines the update mode for subsequent traces.
"Clear/ Write" Overwrite mode (default): the trace is overwritten by each measurement.
"Max Hold"
The maximum value is determined over several measurements and displayed. The R&S VSE saves each trace point in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one.
"Min Hold"
The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed. The R&S VSE saves each trace point in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one.
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"Average"
The average is formed over several measurements.
"View"
The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
"Blank"
Removes the selected trace from the display.
Remote command: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE on page 188
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very quickly by selecting the appropriate button.
Function Preset All Traces
Set Trace Mode Max | Avg | Min
Set Trace Mode Max | ClrWrite | Min
Trace Settings
Trace 1:
Clear Write
Blank
Trace 1:
Max Hold
Trace 2:
Average
Trace 3:
Min Hold
Blank
Trace 1:
Max Hold
Trace 2:
Clear Write
Trace 3:
Min Hold
Blank
6.7 Trace / Data Export Configuration
Access: "Edit" > "Trace Export" Traces resulting from encrypted file input cannot be exported.
The standard data management functions (e.g. saving or loading instrument settings, or exporting the I/Q data in other formats) that are available for all R&S VSE applications are not described here. See the R&S VSE base software user manual for a description of the standard functions.
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Export all Traces and all Table Results ...................................................................... 116 Include Instrument & Measurement Settings ............................................................. 116 Export All Traces for Selected Graph ......................................................................... 116 Trace to Export ........................................................................................................... 116 Decimal Separator ......................................................................................................116 Export Trace to ASCII File ..........................................................................................117
Export all Traces and all Table Results Selects all displayed traces and result tables (e.g. Result Summary, marker table etc.) in the current application for export to an ASCII file. Alternatively, you can select one specific trace only for export (see Trace to Export ). The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row. Remote command: FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes on page 225
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export file for result data. Remote command: FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer on page 225
Export All Traces for Selected Graph Includes all traces for the currently selected graphical result display in the export file. Remote command: FORMat:DEXPort:GRAPh on page 225
Trace to Export Defines an individual trace to be exported to a file. This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected.
Decimal Separator Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages. Remote command: FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 224
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Export Trace to ASCII File Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format (.dat) to the specified file and directory.
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Note: Traces resulting from encrypted file input cannot be exported.
Remote command: MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 226
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7 How to Perform Measurements in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application
The following step-by-step instructions demonstrate how to perform measurements with the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
The R&S VSE OFDM VSA application provides sample data and sample configuration files in the C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA directory.
To perform a OFDM VSA measurement
1. Open a new channel or replace an existing one and select the "OFDM VSA" application.
2. Configure the input source to be used as described in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
3. Select the "Meas Setup > Overview" menu item to display the "Overview" for a OFDM VSA measurement.
4. Select the "Signal Description" button and configure the expected signal characteristics either manually or using a configuration file.
5. To use a configuration file: a) If no configuration file is available yet, create one from the input signal as described in Chapter 5, "Creating a Configuration File Using the Wizard", on page 78. b) Select "Load Config. File" c) Select the configuration file to use. The file is loaded and "Use Configuration File" is automatically set to "Yes".
6. Select the "Input/Frontend" button to define the input signal's center frequency, amplitude and other basic settings.
7. Optionally, select the "Trigger" button and define a trigger for data acquisition, for example an external trigger to start capturing data only when a useful signal is transmitted.
8. For bursted signals, select the "Burst Search" button and activate a burst search.
9. Select the "Data Acquisition" button and define how much and which data to capture: "Capture Time" or "Capture length": the duration or number of samples to be captured
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For non-triggered ("Free run") measurements, be sure to capture at least twice the number of samples per frame so you are sure to capture at least one entire frame. "Sample rate": the rate at which I/Q data is acquired (analysis bandwidth / 0.8); must also correspond to the OFDM system sample rate (<subcarrier_spacing> * <FFT_size>, see also "OFDM system sample rate" on page 34)
10. Select the "Result Range" button and define how many OFDM symbols are to be interpreted as one frame.
11. To optimize the synchronization process, if necessary, select the "Sync/Demod/ Tracking" button and configure the synchronization and demodulation parameters. Which compensation and synchronization functions are allowed depends on the standard defining the tests.
12. Select the "Add Window" icon from the toolbar to add further result displays for the OFDM VSA.
The measured data is stored in the capture buffer and can be analyzed.
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8 Remote Commands for OFDM VSA
The following commands are required to perform measurements in OFDM VSA in a remote environment.
It is assumed that the R&S VSE has already been set up for remote control in a network as described in the R&S VSE User Manual.
General R&S VSE Remote Commands
The application-independent remote commands for general tasks on the R&S VSE are also available for R&S VSE OFDM VSA application and are described in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual. In particular, this comprises the following functionality: Controlling instruments and capturing data Managing Settings and Results Setting Up the Instrument Using the Status Register
Channel-specific commands
Apart from a few general commands on the R&S VSE, most commands refer to the currently active channel. Thus, always remember to activate a OFDM VSA channel before starting a remote program for a OFDM VSA measurement.
The following tasks specific to R&S VSE OFDM VSA application are described here:
Introduction........................................................................................................... 120 Common Suffixes..................................................................................................125 Activating OFDM VSA Measurements.................................................................. 125 Configuring OFDM VSA........................................................................................ 126 Analysis.................................................................................................................179 Configuring the Result Display..............................................................................204 Retrieving Results................................................................................................. 213 Status Reporting System...................................................................................... 237 Deprecated Commands........................................................................................ 239 Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis.......................................240
8.1 Introduction
Commands are program messages that a controller (e.g. a PC) sends to the instrument or software. They operate its functions ('setting commands' or 'events') and request information ('query commands'). Some commands can only be used in one way, others work in two ways (setting and query). If not indicated otherwise, the commands can be used for settings and queries.
The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and, in most cases, one or more parameters. To use a command as a query, you have to append a question mark after the last header element, even if the command contains a parameter.
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A header contains one or more keywords, separated by a colon. Header and parameters are separated by a "white space" (ASCII code 0 to 9, 11 to 32 decimal, e.g. blank). If there is more than one parameter for a command, these are separated by a comma from one another.
Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI commands are described here. For a more complete description, refer to the User Manual of the R&S VSE.
Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may not be supported by this particular application.
8.1.1 Conventions used in Descriptions
Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions:
Command usage If not specified otherwise, commands can be used both for setting and for querying parameters. If a command can be used for setting or querying only, or if it initiates an event, the usage is stated explicitly.
Parameter usage If not specified otherwise, a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the result of a query. Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters. Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters. Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values.
Conformity Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI confirmed. All commands used by the R&S VSE follow the SCPI syntax rules.
Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next command starts executing (overlapping command) is indicated as an Asynchronous command.
Reset values (*RST) Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument (*RST command) are indicated as *RST values, if available.
Default unit The default unit is used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the parameter.
Manual operation If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation, a link to the description is inserted.
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8.1.2 Long and Short Form
The keywords have a long and a short form. You can use either the long or the short form, but no other abbreviations of the keywords. The short form is emphasized in upper case letters. Note however, that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual. For the instrument, the case does not matter.
Example: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer is the same as SENS:FREQ:CENT.
8.1.3 Numeric Suffixes
Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instances of an object. In that case, the suffix selects a particular instance (e.g. a measurement window). Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets (<n>) next to the keyword. If you don't quote a suffix for keywords that support one, a 1 is assumed.
Example: DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe enables the zoom in a particular measurement window, selected by the suffix at WINDow. DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON refers to window 4.
8.1.4 Optional Keywords
Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance. You can include them in the header or not.
Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix, you have to include the optional keyword. Otherwise, the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1.
Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets.
Example: Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword: [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer is the same as FREQuency:CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword: DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe DISPlay:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 (no suffix). DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4.
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8.1.5 Alternative Keywords
A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword. You can use both keywords to the same effect.
Example: [SENSe:]BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution] In the short form without optional keywords, BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ.
8.1.6 SCPI Parameters
Many commands feature one or more parameters. If a command supports more than one parameter, these are separated by a comma.
Example: LAYout:ADD:WINDow Spectrum,LEFT,MTABle
Parameters may have different forms of values. Numeric Values..................................................................................................... 123 Boolean.................................................................................................................124 Character Data......................................................................................................124 Character Strings.................................................................................................. 125 Block Data.............................................................................................................125
8.1.6.1 Numeric Values
Numeric values can be entered in any form, i.e. with sign, decimal point or exponent. In case of physical quantities, you can also add the unit. If the unit is missing, the command uses the basic unit.
Example: With unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ Without unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz.
Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down. If the number you have entered is not supported (e.g. in case of discrete steps), the command returns an error. Instead of a number, you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases. MIN/MAX
Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported. DEF
Defines the default value.
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UP/DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step. The step size depends on the setting. In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding command.
Querying numeric values When you query numeric values, the system returns a number. In case of physical quantities, it applies the basic unit (e.g. Hz in case of frequencies). The number of digits after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value.
Example: Setting: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ Query: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? would return 1E9
In some cases, numeric values may be returned as text. INF/NINF
Infinity or negative infinity. Represents the numeric values 9.9E37 or -9.9E37. NAN
Not a number. Represents the numeric value 9.91E37. NAN is returned in case of errors.
8.1.6.2 Boolean
Boolean parameters represent two states. The "ON" state (logically true) is represented by "ON" or a numeric value 1. The "OFF" state (logically untrue) is represented by "OFF" or the numeric value 0.
Querying Boolean parameters When you query Boolean parameters, the system returns either the value 1 ("ON") or the value 0 ("OFF").
Example: Setting: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe ON Query: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe? would return 1
8.1.6.3 Character Data
Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords. You can enter text using a short or a long form. For more information see Chapter 8.1.2, "Long and Short Form", on page 122.
Querying text parameters When you query text parameters, the system returns its short form.
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Example: Setting: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE NORMal Query: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE? would return NORM
8.1.6.4 Character Strings
Strings are alphanumeric characters. They have to be in straight quotation marks. You can use a single quotation mark ( ' ) or a double quotation mark ( " ).
Example: INSTRument:DELete 'Spectrum'
8.1.6.5 Block Data
Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data. The ASCII character # introduces the data block. The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block. In the example the 4 following digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes. The data bytes follow. During the transmission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted. #0 specifies a data block of indefinite length. The use of the indefinite format requires an NL^END message to terminate the data block. This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length.
8.2 Common Suffixes
In the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application, the following common suffixes are used in remote commands:
Table 8-1: Common suffixes used in remote commands in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application
Suffix
Value range
Description
<m>
1 to 4
Marker
<n>
1 to x
Window (in the currently selected channel)
<t>
1 to 6
Trace
<li>
1 to 8
Limit line
8.3 Activating OFDM VSA Measurements
OFDM VSA measurements require a special application in the R&S VSE. The common commands for configuring and controlling measurement channels, as well as blocks and sequences, are also used in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
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They are described in the R&S VSE base software user manual.
8.4 Configuring OFDM VSA
Restoring the Default Configuration (Preset)........................................................ 126 Signal Description................................................................................................. 126 Configuring Data Input.......................................................................................... 131 Frontend Settings..................................................................................................155 Triggering Measurements..................................................................................... 161 Configuring Data Acquisition.................................................................................166 Enabling a Burst Search....................................................................................... 172 Defining the Result Range.................................................................................... 172 Synchronization, Tracking and Demodulation.......................................................173 Adjusting Settings Automatically........................................................................... 177
8.4.1 Restoring the Default Configuration (Preset)
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]................................................................................. 126
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]
This command restores the default software settings in the current channel.
Use INST:SEL to select the channel.
Example:
INST:SEL 'Spectrum2' Selects the channel for "Spectrum2". SYST:PRES:CHAN:EXEC Restores the factory default settings to the "Spectrum2"channel.
Usage:
Event
Manual operation: See "Preset Channel" on page 44
8.4.2 Signal Description
The signal description provides information on the expected input signal, which optimizes pattern and burst detection and the calculation of the ideal reference signal.
CONFigure:TPRecoding................................................................................................. 127 CONFigure:PREamble:BLENgth......................................................................................127 CONFigure:PREamble:FOFFset...................................................................................... 127 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE...............................................................................128 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:NSYMbols<cp>.................................................................. 128 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:PERiodic........................................................................... 129 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NFFT............................................................................................ 129
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CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NGUard<cp>................................................................................. 130 CONFigure:SYSTem:CFILe.............................................................................................130 MMEMory:LOAD:CFGFile............................................................................................... 131
CONFigure:TPRecoding <State>
Enables or disables transform precoding. See "DFT-s-OFDM / SC-FDMA:Transform Precoding" on page 48.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
Example:
CONF:TPR ON
Manual operation: See "DFT-s-OFDM / SC-FDMA:Transform Precoding" on page 48
CONFigure:PREamble:BLENgth <BlockLength>
This command defines the length of a block of repeating samples within a preamble symbol.
Parameters: <BlockLength>
Range: 8 to 65636
*RST:
0
Default unit: samples
Example:
CONF:PRE:BLEN 32 Defines a block length of 32 samples.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See " Block Length" on page 47
CONFigure:PREamble:FOFFset <FrameOffset>
This command defines the frame offset, that is the start of the actual OFDM frame relative to the start of the first detected preamble block.
Parameters: <FrameOffset>
Distance from the first preamble sample to the first sample of the frame.
Range: *RST:
- <capture_length> to +<capture_length> 0
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Example: Example: Manual operation:
CONF:PRE:FOFF 0 Defines a frame offset of 0 samples. Thus, the frame starts with the first sample of the preamble.
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See " Frame Start Offset" on page 47
CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE <Mode>
This command selects the type of cyclic prefix.
Parameters: <Mode>
CONV Conventional cyclic prefix mode.
GU2 Cyclic prefix with two different lengths.
*RST:
CONV
Example:
CONF:GUAR:MODE GU2 Selects a cyclic prefix with two different lengths. CONF:GUAR:PER ON Activates periodic cyclic prefix ranges. CONF:GUAR1:NSYM 5 CONF:GUAR2:NSYM 10 Defines the number of symbols for both cyclic prefixes (5 and 10).
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Advanced Cyclic Prefix Configuration" on page 46
CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:NSYMbols<cp> <Symbols>
This command defines the number of symbols for which the first and second non-conventional cyclic prefix is used.
For more information see:
CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:PERiodic on page 129
Suffix: <cp>
. 1 | 2 Selects the cyclic prefix for non-conventional, periodic cyclic prefix lengths. For non-periodic non-conventional cyclic prefix lengths, the suffix must be 1 (range 2 is variable, till the end of the frame).
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Parameters: <Symbols>
Example: Example: Manual operation:
unsigned integer
Number of symbols
Range: *RST:
1 to 1000 100
See CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE on page 128.
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See "CP definition per range (Symbols / Samples)" on page 47
CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:PERiodic <State>
This command turns periodic cyclic prefix ranges on and off.
The command is available for non-conventional cyclic prefixes.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 The cyclic prefix changes at a certain point in time and then stays constant till the end of the OFDM frame.
ON | 1 The cyclic prefix toggles between two different values periodically.
*RST:
0
Example:
See CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE on page 128.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Different cyclic prefix lengths" on page 46
CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NFFT <NFFT>
This command defines the FFT length of an OFDM symbol. This command is only available if no configuration file has been loaded.
Parameters: <NFFT>
FFT length in samples.
Range: *RST:
8 to 65535 64
Example:
CONF:SYMB:NFFT 1024 Defines an FFT length of 1024 samples.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "FFT Size" on page 46
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CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NGUard<cp> <NGuard>
This command defines the cyclic prefix length.
Suffix: <cp>
. 1 | 2 Selects the cyclic prefix for non-conventional, periodic cyclic prefix lengths. For non-periodic non-conventional cyclic prefix lengths, the suffix must be 1 (range 2 is variable, till the end of the frame). For conventional cyclic prefix lengths, the suffix is irrelevant.
Parameters: <NGuard>
unsigned integer
Length of the cyclic prefix in samples.
Range: *RST:
4 to 65535 16
Example:
CONF:SYMB:NGU 128 Defines a guard length of 128 samples.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "CP definition per range (Symbols / Samples)" on page 47
CONFigure:SYSTem:CFILe <State>
Determines whether the configuration from the currently loaded file is used for the measurement. Alternatively, you can configure the OFDM signal manually.
Note: when you load a configuration file using the MMEMory:LOAD:CFGFile command, the use of the file is automatically set to ON.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
Example:
MMEM:LOAD:CFGF 'C:\TEMP\K96Test.xml' Loads the configuration stored in the file K96Test.xml. CONF:SYST:MAN Switches to manual configuration. CONF:SYST:CFIL ON Uses the configuration in the loaded file.
Manual operation: See "Use Configuration File" on page 45
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MMEMory:LOAD:CFGFile <Filename>
This command loads an OFDM configuration file and activates its use.
Parameters: <Filename>
String containing the path and name of the .xml file.
Example:
MMEM:LOAD:CFGF 'C:\TEMP\K96Test.xml' Loads the configuration stored in the file K96Test.xml.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Load Configuration File" on page 45
8.4.3 Configuring Data Input
The following commands are required to configure data input. RF Input................................................................................................................ 131 Configuring Oscilloscope Baseband Input............................................................ 144 Using External Mixers........................................................................................... 147
8.4.3.1 RF Input
Remote commands exclusive to configuring RF input:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection[:STATe]..................................................................... 132 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet.......................................................................132 INPut<ip>:COUPling<ant>.............................................................................................. 133 INPut<ip>:DPATh........................................................................................................... 133 INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing................................................................................................ 134 INPut<ip>:FILTer:HPASs[:STATe]..................................................................................... 134 INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe]..........................................................................................135 INPut<ip>:IMPedance<ant>............................................................................................ 135 INPut<ip>:PRESelection:SET..........................................................................................136 INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe]..................................................................................... 136 INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode................................................................................................. 137 INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode:IQ:SRATe.................................................................................. 137 INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode:WAVeform:SRATe...................................................................... 138 INPut<ip>:SELect...........................................................................................................139 INPut<ip>:TYPE............................................................................................................ 139 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>.....................................................140 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:CONFig........................................ 140 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE........................................... 140 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope[:STATe]....................................................141 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:TCPip......................................................142 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:PSMode[:STATe]...................................... 142
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SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:SRATe..................................................... 142 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:VDEVice?................................................ 143 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:VFIRmware?............................................143
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection[:STATe] <State>
This command turns the availability of attenuation levels of 10 dB or less on and off.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 1 | 0
ON | 1 Attenuation levels of 10 dB or less are not allowed to protect the RF input connector of the connected instrument.
OFF | 0 Attenuation levels of 10 dB or less are not blocked. You must provide appopriate protection for the RF input connector of the connected instrument yourself.
*RST:
1
Example:
INP:ATT:PROT ON Turns on the input protection.
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet [<DeviceName>]
This command resets the attenuator and reconnects the RF input with the input mixer for the connected instrument after an overload condition occurred and the protection mechanism intervened. The error status bit (bit 3 in the STAT:QUES:POW status register) and the INPUT OVLD message in the status bar are cleared.
The command works only if the overload condition has been eliminated first.
For details on the protection mechanism see the instrument's documentation.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
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Setting parameters:
<DeviceName>
string
Name of the instrument for which the RF input protection is to be reset.
Example:
INP:ATT:PROT:RES 'MyDevice'
Manual operation: See "10 dB Minimum Attenuation" on page 53
INPut<ip>:COUPling<ant> <CouplingType>
This command selects the coupling type of the RF input.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
<ant>
Input source (for MIMO measurements only)
Parameters: <CouplingType>
AC | DC
AC AC coupling
DC DC coupling
*RST:
AC
Example:
INP:COUP DC
Manual operation: See " Input Coupling " on page 50
INPut<ip>:DPATh <DirectPath>
Enables or disables the use of the direct path for frequencies close to 0 Hz.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <DirectPath>
AUTO | OFF
AUTO | 1 (Default) the direct path is used automatically for frequencies close to 0 Hz.
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Example: Manual operation:
OFF | 0 The analog mixer path is always used.
INP:DPAT OFF
See " Direct Path " on page 51
INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing <ZeroPadding>
Enables or disables zeropadding for input from an I/Q data file that requires resampling. For resampling, a number of samples are required due to filter settling. These samples can either be taken from the provided I/Q data, or the software can add the required number of samples (zeros) at the beginning and end of the file.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <ZeroPadding>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
Example:
INP:FILE:ZPAD ON
Manual operation: See "Zero Padding" on page 58
INPut<ip>:FILTer:HPASs[:STATe] <State>
Activates an additional internal high-pass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to 3 GHz. This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the connected instrument in order to measure the harmonics for a DUT, for example.
This function requires an additional high-pass filter hardware option.
(Note: for RF input signals outside the specified range, the high-pass filter has no effect. For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards, the harmonics are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG-preselector, if available.)
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Suffix: <ip>
Parameters: <State>
Example: Manual operation:
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
INP:FILT:HPAS ON Turns on the filter.
See " High Pass Filter 1 to 3 GHz " on page 51
INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] <State>
Enables or disables the YIG filter.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
*RST:
1 (0 for I/Q Analyzer, GSM, VSA, Pulse, Amplifier, Transient Analysis, DOCSIS and MC Group Delay measurements)
Example:
INP:FILT:YIG OFF Deactivates the YIG-preselector.
Manual operation: See " YIG-Preselector " on page 51
INPut<ip>:IMPedance<ant> <Impedance>
This command selects the nominal input impedance of the RF input. In some applications, only 50 are supported.
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Suffix: <ip>
<ant> Parameters: <Impedance>
Example: Manual operation:
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Input source (for MIMO measurements only)
50 | 75
*RST:
50
Default unit: OHM
INP:IMP 75
See " Impedance " on page 50
INPut<ip>:PRESelection:SET <Mode>
This command selects the preselector mode.
The command is available with the optional preselector.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <Mode>
NARRow Performs a measurement by automatically applying all available combinations of low and high pass filters consecutively. These combinations all have a narrow bandwidth.
WIDE Performs a measurement by automatically applying all available bandpass filters consecutively. The bandpass filters have a wide bandwidth.
Manual operation: See "Preselector Mode" on page 52
INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe] <State> This command turns the preselector on and off.
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Suffix: <ip>
Manual operation:
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
See "Preselector State" on page 52
INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode <CAPMode>
Determines how data from an oscilloscope is input to the R&S VSE software.
This command is only available for connected oscilloscopes.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <CAPMode>
AUTO | IQ | WAVeform
IQ The measured waveform is converted to I/Q data directly on the R&S oscilloscope (requires option K11), and input to the R&S VSE software as I/Q data.
WAVeform The data is input in its original waveform format and converted to I/Q data in the R&S VSE software. No additional options are required on the R&S oscilloscope.
AUTO Uses "I/Q" mode when possible, and "Waveform" only when required by the application (e.g. Pulse measurement).
*RST:
IQ
Example:
INP:RF:CAPM WAV
INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode:IQ:SRATe <SamplingRate>
Determines the sample rate used by the connected oscilloscope for I/Q capture mode (see INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode on page 137).
This setting is only available if an R&S oscilloscope is used to obtain the input data.
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Suffix: <ip> Parameters: <SamplingRate>
Example:
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
20 GHz | 40 GHz
No other sample rate values are allowed.
20 GHz Achieves a higher decimation gain, but reduces the record length by half. Only available for R&S oscilloscope models that support a sample rate of 20 GHz (see data sheet).
40 GHz Provides a maximum sample rate. Only available for R&S RTP13/RTP16 models that support a sample rate of 40 GHz (see data sheet).
*RST:
20 GHz
Default unit: HZ
INP:RF:CAPM IQ INP:RF:CAPM:IQ:SRAT 40 GHZ
INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode:WAVeform:SRATe <SamplingRate>
Determines the sample rate used by the connected oscilloscope for waveform capture mode (see INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode on page 137).
This setting is only available if an R&S oscilloscope is used to obtain the input data, either directly or via the R&S FSW.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <SamplingRate>
10 GHz | 20 GHz
No other sample rate values are allowed.
10 GHz Default ; provides maximum record length
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Example:
20 GHz Achieves a higher decimation gain, but reduces the record length by half. Only available for R&S oscilloscope models that support a sample rate of 20 GHz (see data sheet). For R&S oscilloscopes with an analysis bandwidth of 4 GHz or larger, a sample rate of 20 GHZ is always used.
*RST:
10 GHz
Default unit: HZ
INP:RF:CAPM WAV INP:RF:CAPM:WAVE:SRAT 10000000
INPut<ip>:SELect <Source>
This command selects the signal source for measurements, i.e. it defines which connector is used to input data to the R&S VSE.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <Source>
RF Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
FIQ I/Q data file
*RST:
RF
Manual operation: See "Input Type (Instrument / File)" on page 50
INPut<ip>:TYPE <Input>
The command selects the input path for R&S FSW85 models.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 For R&S FSW85 models with two RF input connectors: 1: Input 1 (1 mm [RF Input] connector) 2: Input 2 (1.85 mm [RF2 Input] connector) For all other models: irrelevant
Parameters: <Input>
INPUT1 Selects RF input 1.
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Example: Manual operation:
INPUT2 Selects RF input 2.
*RST:
INPUT1
//Select input path INP:TYPE INPUT1
See "Input 1 / Input 2" on page 50
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si> <Type>
Selects an instrument or a file as the source of input provided to the channel.
Suffix: <si>
. 1 to 99 LTE-MIMO only: input source number
Parameters: <Type>
FILE | DEVice | NONE
FILE A loaded file is used for input.
DEVice A configured device provides input for the measurement
NONE No input source defined.
Manual operation: See "Input Type (Instrument / File)" on page 50
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:CONFig <Port>
Configures the port to be used for input on the selected instrument.
This command is only available if an oscilloscope is connected.
Suffix: <si>
. 1 to 99 LTE-MIMO only: input source number
Parameters: <Port>
Manual operation: See "Input Source" on page 54
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE <Source> Configures the source of input to be used from the selected instrument. Not all input sources are supported by all R&S VSE applications.
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Suffix: <si> Parameters: <Source>
Example: Manual operation:
. 1 to 99 LTE-MIMO only: input source number
RF Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
'Channel 1' | 'Channel 2' | 'Channel 3' | 'Channel 4' Oscilloscope input channel 1, 2, 3, or 4
'Channel 1,2 (I+Q)' I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 2 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
'Channel 1,3 (I+Q)' | 'Channel 2,4 (I+Q)' I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3, or 2 and 4 (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
'Channels 1-4 (diff. I+Q)' Differential I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only): Channel 1: I (pos.) Channel 2: (neg.) Channel 3: Q (pos.) Channel 4: (neg.)
'Channels 1,3 (Waveform)' Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
'Channels 2,4 (Waveform)' Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 2 and 4 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
'Channels 1-4 (Waveform)' Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 to 4 (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
*RST:
RF
INST:BLOC:CHAN:SOUR:TYPE 'Channel 2,4 (I+Q)' I/Q data is provided by oscilloscope input channels 2 and 4
See "Input Source" on page 54
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope[:STATe] <State>
Activates the optional 2 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000).
Note: Manual operation on the connected oscilloscope, or remote operation other than by the R&S VSE, is not possible while the B2000 option is active.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
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Example: Manual operation:
ON | 1 Switches the function on
SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC ON
See "B2000 State" on page 51
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:TCPip <Address>
Defines the TCPIP address or computer name of the oscilloscope connected to the R&S VSE via LAN.
Note: The IP address is maintained after a [PRESET], and is transferred between applications.
Parameters: <Address>
computer name or IP address
Example:
SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC:TCP '192.0.2.0'
Example:
SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC:TCP 'FSW43-12345'
Manual operation: See "Oscilloscope IP Address" on page 52
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:PSMode[:STATe] <State>
Activates the use of the power splitter inserted between the "IF 2 GHZ OUT" connector of the R&S VSE and the "CH1" and "CH3" input connectors of the oscilloscope. Note that this mode requires an additional alignment with the power splitter.
For details see the R&S FSW I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC:PSM ON
Manual operation: See "Oscilloscope Splitter Mode" on page 52
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:SRATe <Rate>
Determines whether the 10 GHz mode (default) or 20 GHz mode of the connected oscilloscope is used. The 20 GHZ mode achieves a higher decimation gain, but reduces the record length by half.
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Parameters: <Rate>
Example:
10 GHz | 20 GHz
No other sample rate values are allowed.
*RST:
10 GHz
Default unit: HZ
TRAC:IQ:SRAT? //Result: 100000000 TRAC:IQ:RLEN? //Result: 3128 SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC:SRAT 20GHZ TRAC:IQ:SRAT? //Result: 200000000 TRAC:IQ:RLEN? //Result: 1564
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:VDEVice?
Queries whether the connected instrument is supported by the 2 GHz bandwidth extension option(B2000).
Return values: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC:VDEV?
Usage:
Query only
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:VFIRmware?
Queries whether the firmware on the connected oscilloscope is supported by the 2 GHz bandwidth extension (B2000) option.
Return values: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
SYST:COMM:RDEV:OSC:VFIR?
Usage:
Query only
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8.4.3.2 Configuring Oscilloscope Baseband Input The following commands define settings for Oscilloscope Baseband Input.
The commands for Oscilloscope Baseband Input from an oscilloscope to the R&S VSE software are similar, but not identical to those used by an R&S FSW.
Remote commands exclusive to Oscilloscope Baseband Input:
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale[:LEVel].............................................................................. 144 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale:AUTO............................................................................... 144 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I............................................................................................. 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I:INVerted................................................................................ 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q............................................................................................ 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q:INVerted.............................................................................. 146 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:TYPE................................................................................................ 146 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE........................................... 146
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale[:LEVel] <Level>
The full scale level defines the maximum power for baseband input possible without clipping the signal.
For manual input, this setting corresponds to the setting on the oscilloscope. Thus, possible scaling values of the oscilloscope are allowed.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Level>
Default unit: V
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:FULL:AUTO OFF
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:FULL:LEV 1.0
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale:AUTO <AutoMode>
If enabled, the full scale level is defined automatically according to the reference level.
For manual mode, define the level using INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale[:LEVel] on page 144.
Suffix:
.
<ip>
1 | 2
Parameters: <AutoMode>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
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Example:
*RST:
0
INP:IQ:OSC:FULL:AUTO OFF
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I <Value>
Compensates for skewed values in the positive I path, e.g. due to different input cables.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Value>
Default unit: S
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I 0.2
Manual operation: See "I/Q Skew" on page 55
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I:INVerted <Value>
Compensates for skewed values in the negative I path, e.g. due to different input cables.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Value>
Default unit: S
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I:INV 0.2
Manual operation: See "I/Q Skew" on page 55
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q <Value>
Compensates for skewed values in the positive Q path, e.g. due to different input cables.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Value>
Default unit: S
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q 0.2
Manual operation: See "I/Q Skew" on page 55
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INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q:INVerted <Value>
Compensates for skewed values in the negative Q path, e.g. due to different input cables.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Value>
Default unit: S
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q:INV 0.2
Manual operation: See "I/Q Skew" on page 55
INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:TYPE <Type>
Defines the format of the input signal.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Type>
IQ | I
IQ Both components of the complex input signal (in-phase component, quadrature component) are filtered and resampled to the sample rate of the application. The input signal is down-converted with the center frequency (Low IF I).
I The input signal at the channel providing I data is resampled to the sample rate of the application. The input signal is down-converted with the center frequency (Low IF I).
Example:
INP:IQ:OSC:TYPE I
Manual operation: See " I/Q Mode " on page 55
INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE <Source> Configures the source of input to be used from the selected instrument. Not all input sources are supported by all R&S VSE applications.
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Suffix: <si> Parameters: <Source>
Example: Manual operation:
. 1 to 99 LTE-MIMO only: input source number
RF Radio Frequency ("RF INPUT" connector)
'Channel 1' | 'Channel 2' | 'Channel 3' | 'Channel 4' Oscilloscope input channel 1, 2, 3, or 4
'Channel 1,2 (I+Q)' I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 2 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
'Channel 1,3 (I+Q)' | 'Channel 2,4 (I+Q)' I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3, or 2 and 4 (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
'Channels 1-4 (diff. I+Q)' Differential I/Q data provided by oscilloscope input channels (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only): Channel 1: I (pos.) Channel 2: (neg.) Channel 3: Q (pos.) Channel 4: (neg.)
'Channels 1,3 (Waveform)' Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 and 3 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
'Channels 2,4 (Waveform)' Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 2 and 4 (for oscilloscopes with 2 channels only)
'Channels 1-4 (Waveform)' Waveform data provided by oscilloscope input channels 1 to 4 (for oscilloscopes with 4 channels only)
*RST:
RF
INST:BLOC:CHAN:SOUR:TYPE 'Channel 2,4 (I+Q)' I/Q data is provided by oscilloscope input channels 2 and 4
See "Input Source" on page 54
8.4.3.3 Using External Mixers
The commands required to work with external mixers in a remote environment are described here. Note that these commands require the connected instrument to have an external mixer option installed and an external mixer to be connected to the connected instrument.
Basic Settings....................................................................................................... 148 Mixer Settings....................................................................................................... 149 Programming Example: Working with an External Mixer...................................... 154
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Basic Settings
The basic settings concern general usage of an external mixer.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>[:STATe]............................................................................................. 148 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:BIAS:HIGH........................................................................................148 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:BIAS[:LOW].......................................................................................148 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOPower.......................................................................................... 149
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>[:STATe] <State>
Activates or deactivates the use of a connected external mixer as input for the measurement. This command is only available if the optional External Mixer is installed and an external mixer is connected.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 1 | 0
*RST:
0
Example:
MIX ON
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:BIAS:HIGH <BiasSetting>
This command defines the bias current for the high (last) range.
This command is only available if the external mixer is active (see [SENSe: ]MIXer<x>[:STATe] on page 148).
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <BiasSetting>
*RST:
0.0 A
Default unit: A
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:BIAS[:LOW] <BiasSetting>
This command defines the bias current for the low (first) range.
This command is only available if the external mixer is active (see [SENSe: ]MIXer<x>[:STATe] on page 148).
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <BiasSetting>
*RST:
0.0 A
Default unit: A
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[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOPower <Level>
This command specifies the LO level of the external mixer's LO port.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <Level>
numeric value
Range: 13.0 dBm to 17.0 dBm
Increment: 0.1 dB
*RST:
15.5 dBm
Example:
MIX:LOP 16.0dBm
Mixer Settings
The following commands are required to configure the band and specific mixer settings.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:HANDover...................................................................... 149 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:STARt............................................................................ 150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:STOP.............................................................................150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:BAND:PRESet.................................................................. 150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:BAND...............................................................................150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:HIGH:STATe..................................................................... 151 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:HIGH[:VALue]................................................................... 151 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:TYPE............................................................................... 152 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic[:LOW].............................................................................. 152 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:HIGH...................................................................................... 152 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:TABLe:HIGH............................................................................153 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:TABLe[:LOW]...........................................................................153 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS[:LOW]..................................................................................... 153 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:PORTs..............................................................................................154 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:RFOVerrange[:STATe]........................................................................ 154
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:HANDover <Frequency>
This command defines the frequency at which the mixer switches from one range to the next (if two different ranges are selected). The handover frequency for each band can be selected freely within the overlapping frequency range.
This command is only available if the external mixer is active (see [SENSe: ]MIXer<x>[:STATe] on page 148).
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <Frequency>
Default unit: HZ
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Example:
MIX ON Activates the external mixer. MIX:FREQ:HAND 78.0299GHz Sets the handover frequency to 78.0299 GHz.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:STARt
This command sets or queries the frequency at which the external mixer band starts.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Example:
MIX:FREQ:STAR? Queries the start frequency of the band.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:STOP
This command sets or queries the frequency at which the external mixer band stops.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Example:
MIX:FREQ:STOP? Queries the stop frequency of the band.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:BAND:PRESet
This command restores the preset frequency ranges for the selected standard waveguide band.
Note: Changes to the band and mixer settings are maintained even after using the [PRESET] function. Use this command to restore the predefined band ranges.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Example:
MIX:HARM:BAND:PRES Presets the selected waveguide band.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:BAND <Band>
This command selects the external mixer band. The query returns the currently selected band.
This command is only available if the external mixer is active (see [SENSe: ]MIXer<x>[:STATe] on page 148).
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Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <Band>
KA | Q | U | V | E | W | F | D | G | Y | J | USER Standard waveguide band or user-defined band.
Table 8-2: Frequency ranges for pre-defined bands
Band
Frequency start [GHz]
Frequency stop [GHz]
KA (A) *)
26.5
40.0
Q
33.0
50.0
U
40.0
60.0
V
50.0
75.0
E
60.0
90.0
W
75.0
110.0
F
90.0
140.0
D
110.0
170.0
G
140.0
220.0
J
220.0
325.0
Y
325.0
500.0
USER
32.18 (default)
68.22 (default)
*) The band formerly referred to as "A" is now named "KA".
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:HIGH:STATe <State>
This command specifies whether a second (high) harmonic is to be used to cover the band's frequency range.
Suffix:
.
<x>
1..n
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF
*RST:
ON
Example:
MIX:HARM:HIGH:STAT ON
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:HIGH[:VALue] <HarmOrder> This command specifies the harmonic order to be used for the high (second) range.
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Suffix: <x>
Parameters: <HarmOrder
Example:
. 1..n irrelevant
numeric value
Range:
2 to 128 (USER band); for other bands: see band definition
MIX:HARM:HIGH:STAT ON MIX:HARM:HIGH 2
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:TYPE <OddEven>
This command specifies whether the harmonic order to be used should be odd, even, or both.
Which harmonics are supported depends on the mixer type.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <OddEven>
ODD | EVEN | EODD
ODD | EVEN | EODD
*RST:
EVEN
Example:
MIX:HARM:TYPE ODD
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic[:LOW] <HarmOrder>
This command specifies the harmonic order to be used for the low (first) range.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <HarmOrder>
Range: *RST:
2 to 128 (USER band); for other bands: see band definition 2 (for band F)
Example:
MIX:HARM 3
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:HIGH <Average>
This command defines the average conversion loss to be used for the entire high (second) range.
Suffix:
.
<x>
1..n
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Parameters: <Average>
Example:
Range: 0 to 100
*RST:
24.0 dB
Default unit: dB
MIX:LOSS:HIGH 20dB
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:TABLe:HIGH <FileName>
This command defines the conversion loss table to be used for the high (second) range.
Suffix:
.
<x>
1..n
Setting parameters:
<FileName>
String containing the path and name of the file, or the serial
number of the external mixer whose file is required. The
R&S VSE automatically selects the correct cvl file for the current
IF. As an alternative, you can also select a user-defined conver-
sion loss table (.acl file).
Return values: <FileName>
As the result of a query, the actually used file is returned.
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:TABLe[:LOW] <FileName>
This command defines the file name of the conversion loss table to be used for the low (first) range.
Suffix:
.
<x>
1..n
Parameters: <FileName>
String containing the path and name of the file, or the serial number of the external mixer whose file is required. The R&S VSE automatically selects the correct cvl file for the current IF. As an alternative, you can also select a user-defined conversion loss table (.acl file).
Example:
MIX:LOSS:TABL '101567' MIX:LOSS:TABL? //Result: '101567_MAG_6_B5000_3G5.B5G'
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS[:LOW] <Average>
This command defines the average conversion loss to be used for the entire low (first) range.
Suffix:
.
<x>
1..n
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Parameters: <Average>
Example:
Range: 0 to 100
*RST:
24.0 dB
Default unit: dB
MIX:LOSS 20dB
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:PORTs <PortType>
This command selects the mixer type.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <PortType>
2 | 3
2 Two-port mixer.
3 Three-port mixer.
*RST:
2
Example:
MIX:PORT 3
[SENSe:]MIXer<x>:RFOVerrange[:STATe] <State>
If enabled, the band limits are extended beyond "RF Start" and "RF Stop" due to the capabilities of the used harmonics.
Suffix: <x>
. 1..n irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 1 | 0
*RST:
0
Programming Example: Working with an External Mixer
This example demonstrates how to work with an external mixer in a remote environment. It is performed in the Spectrum application in the default layout configuration. Note that without a real input signal and connected mixer, this measurement will not return useful results.
//--------------Preparing the instrument ----------//Reset the instrument *RST //Activate the use of the connected external mixer. SENS:MIX ON //----------- Configuring basic mixer behavior -------------
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//Set the LO level of the mixer's LO port to 15 dBm. SENS:MIX:LOP 15dBm //Set the bias current to -1 mA . SENS:MIX:BIAS:LOW -1mA //----------- Configuring the mixer and band settings ------------//Use band "V" to full possible range extent for assigned harmonic (6). SENS:MIX:HARM:BAND V SENS:MIX:RFOV ON //Query the possible range SENS:MIX:FREQ:STAR? //Result: 47480000000 (47.48 GHz) SENS:MIX:FREQ:STOP? //Result: 138020000000 (138.02 GHz) //Use a 3-port mixer type SENS:MIX:PORT 3 //Split the frequency range into two ranges; //range 1 covers 47.48 GHz GHz to 80 GHz; harmonic 6, average conv. loss of 20 dB //range 2 covers 80 GHz to 138.02 GHz; harmonic 8, average conv.loss of 30 dB SENS:MIX:HARM:TYPE EVEN SENS:MIX:HARM:HIGH:STAT ON SENS:MIX:FREQ:HAND 80GHz SENS:MIX:HARM:LOW 6 SENS:MIX:LOSS:LOW 20dB SENS:MIX:HARM:HIGH 8 SENS:MIX:LOSS:HIGH 30dB //--------- Activating automatic signal identification functions ----------//Activate both automatic signal identification functions. SENS:MIX:SIGN ALL //Use auto ID threshold of 8 dB. SENS:MIX:THR 8dB
//--------------Performing the Measurement----//Select single sweep mode. INIT:CONT OFF //Initiate a basic frequency sweep and wait until the sweep has finished. INIT;*WAI //---------------Retrieving Results------------//Return the trace data for the input signal without distortions //(default screen configuration) TRAC:DATA? TRACE3
8.4.4 Frontend Settings
The frequency and amplitude settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement setup.
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Frequency............................................................................................................. 156 Amplitude Settings................................................................................................ 157 Attenuation............................................................................................................158 Configuring a Preamplifier.....................................................................................160
8.4.4.1 Frequency
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer......................................................................................... 156 [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP................................................................................156 [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO...................................................................... 157 [SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet......................................................................................... 157
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer <Frequency>
This command defines the center frequency.
Parameters: <Frequency>
The allowed range and fmax is specified in the data sheet.
*RST:
fmax/2
Default unit: Hz
Example:
FREQ:CENT 100 MHz FREQ:CENT:STEP 10 MHz FREQ:CENT UP Sets the center frequency to 110 MHz.
Manual operation: See " Center Frequency " on page 56 See " Center Frequency " on page 58
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP <StepSize>
This command defines the center frequency step size.
Parameters: <StepSize>
fmax is specified in the data sheet.
Range: 1 to fMAX
*RST:
0.1 x span
Default unit: Hz
Example:
//Set the center frequency to 110 MHz. FREQ:CENT 100 MHz FREQ:CENT:STEP 10 MHz FREQ:CENT UP
Manual operation: See "Center Frequency Stepsize" on page 59
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[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO <State>
Defines the step width of the center frequency.
Parameters: <State>
ON | 1 Links the step width to the current standard (currently 1 MHz for all standards)
OFF | 0 Sets the step width as defined using the FREQ:CENT:STEP command (see [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 156).
Manual operation: See "Center Frequency Stepsize" on page 59
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet <Offset>
This command defines a frequency offset.
If this value is not 0 Hz, the application assumes that the input signal was frequency shifted outside the application. All results of type "frequency" will be corrected for this shift numerically by the application.
Parameters: <Offset>
Range: -1 THz to 1 THz
*RST:
0 Hz
Default unit: HZ
Example:
FREQ:OFFS 1GHZ
Manual operation: See " Frequency Offset " on page 59
8.4.4.2 Amplitude Settings
Amplitude and scaling settings allow you to configure the vertical (y-)axis display and for some result displays also the horizontal (x-)axis. Useful commands for amplitude settings described elsewhere: INPut<ip>:COUPling<ant> on page 133 [SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 179
Remote commands exclusive to amplitude settings: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant>............................................... 157 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant>:OFFSet................................... 158
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant> <ReferenceLevel>
This command defines the reference level (for all traces in all windows).
Suffix: <n>
. irrelevant
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<t> <ant> Example: Manual operation:
irrelevant Input source (for MIMO measurements only) DISP:TRAC:Y:RLEV -60dBm See " Reference Level " on page 60
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant>:OFFSet <Offset>
This command defines a reference level offset (for all traces in all windows).
Suffix: <n>
. irrelevant
<t>
irrelevant
<ant>
Input source (for MIMO measurements only)
Parameters: <Offset>
Range: -200 dB to 200 dB
*RST:
0dB
Default unit: DB
Example:
DISP:TRAC:Y:RLEV:OFFS -10dB
Manual operation: See " Shifting the Display ( Offset )" on page 60
8.4.4.3 Attenuation
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation................................................................................................... 158 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO......................................................................................... 159 INPut<ip>:EATT............................................................................................................. 159 INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO................................................................................................... 159 INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe................................................................................................... 160
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation <Attenuation>
This command defines the total attenuation for RF input.
If you set the attenuation manually, it is no longer coupled to the reference level, but the reference level is coupled to the attenuation. Thus, if the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually, the command also adjusts the reference level.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Attenuation>
Range: see data sheet
Increment: 5 dB (with optional electr. attenuator: 1 dB)
*RST:
10 dB (AUTO is set to ON)
Default unit: DB
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Example: Manual operation:
INP:ATT 30dB Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from the reference level.
See " Attenuation Mode / Value " on page 61
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO <State>
This command couples or decouples the attenuation to the reference level. Thus, when the reference level is changed, the R&S VSE determines the signal level for optimal internal data processing and sets the required attenuation accordingly.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
*RST:
1
Example:
INP:ATT:AUTO ON Couples the attenuation to the reference level.
Manual operation: See " Attenuation Mode / Value " on page 61
INPut<ip>:EATT <Attenuation>
This command defines an electronic attenuation manually. Automatic mode must be switched off (INP:EATT:AUTO OFF, see INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO on page 159).
If the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually, the command also adjusts the reference level.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Attenuation>
attenuation in dB
Range: see data sheet
Increment: 1 dB
*RST:
0 dB (OFF)
Default unit: DB
Example:
INP:EATT:AUTO OFF INP:EATT 10 dB
Manual operation: See " Using Electronic Attenuation " on page 61
INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO <State> This command turns automatic selection of the electronic attenuation on and off.
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If on, electronic attenuation reduces the mechanical attenuation whenever possible.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
1
Example:
INP:EATT:AUTO OFF
Manual operation: See " Using Electronic Attenuation " on page 61
INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe <State>
This command turns the electronic attenuator on and off.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
Example:
INP:EATT:STAT ON Switches the electronic attenuator into the signal path.
Manual operation: See " Using Electronic Attenuation " on page 61
8.4.4.4 Configuring a Preamplifier
INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>:STATe...........................................................................................160 INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>[:VALue].........................................................................................161
INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>:STATe <State>
This command turns the internal preamplifier on the connected instrument on and off. It requires the additional preamplifier hardware option on the connected instrument.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
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<ant> Parameters: <State>
Example: Manual operation:
Input source (for MIMO measurements only)
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
INP:GAIN:STAT ON INP:GAIN:VAL 15 Switches on 15 dB preamplification.
See " Preamplifier " on page 62
INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>[:VALue] <Gain>
This command selects the gain if the preamplifier is activated (INP:GAIN:STAT ON, see INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>:STATe on page 160).
The command requires the additional preamplifier hardware option.
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
<ant>
Input source (for MIMO measurements only)
Parameters: <Gain>
15 dB | 30 dB
The availability of gain levels depends on the model of the connected instrument. R&S VSE8/13/26: 15 dB and 30 dB R&S VSE43 or higher: 30 dB All other values are rounded to the nearest of these two.
Default unit: DB
Example:
INP:GAIN:STAT ON INP:GAIN:VAL 30 Switches on 30 dB preamplification.
Manual operation: See " Preamplifier " on page 62
8.4.5 Triggering Measurements
The trigger commands define the beginning of a measurement.
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe........................................................................................... 162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME]..............................................................................162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff........................................................................... 162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis.......................................................................163
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TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>]................................................................... 163 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower............................................................................... 163 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IQPower...............................................................................164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:MAPower............................................................................. 164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff......................................................................... 164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis.....................................................................164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe.......................................................................................... 165 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce........................................................................................165 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:TIME:RINTerval..............................................................................166
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe <DropoutTime>
Defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before a trigger is detected again.
Parameters: <DropoutTime>
Dropout time of the trigger.
Range: 0 s to 10.0 s
*RST:
0 s
Default unit: S
Manual operation: See " Drop-Out Time " on page 65
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] <Offset>
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
Parameters: <Offset>
*RST:
0 s
Default unit: S
Example:
TRIG:HOLD 500us
Manual operation: See " Trigger Offset " on page 65
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff <Period>
This command defines the holding time before the next trigger event.
Note that this command can be used for any trigger source, not just IF Power (despite the legacy keyword).
Parameters: <Period>
Range: 0 s to 10 s
*RST:
0 s
Default unit: S
Example:
TRIG:SOUR EXT Sets an external trigger source. TRIG:IFP:HOLD 200 ns Sets the holding time to 200 ns.
Manual operation: See " Trigger Holdoff " on page 66
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TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis <Hysteresis>
This command defines the trigger hysteresis, which is only available for "IF Power" trigger sources.
Parameters: <Hysteresis>
Range: 3 dB to 50 dB
*RST:
3 dB
Default unit: DB
Example:
TRIG:SOUR IFP Sets the IF power trigger source. TRIG:IFP:HYST 10DB Sets the hysteresis limit value.
Manual operation: See " Hysteresis " on page 65
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the level the external signal must exceed to cause a trigger event.
Suffix: <port>
. Selects the trigger port. 1 = trigger port 1 (TRIGGER INPUT connector on front panel) 2 = trigger port 2 (TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT connector on front panel) 3 = trigger port 3 (TRIGGER3 INPUT/OUTPUT connector on rear panel)
Parameters: <TriggerLevel>
Range: 0.5 V to 3.5 V
*RST:
1.4 V
Default unit: V
Example:
TRIG:LEV 2V
Manual operation: See " Trigger Level " on page 65
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the power level at the third intermediate frequency that must be exceeded to cause a trigger event.
Note that any RF attenuation or preamplification is considered when the trigger level is analyzed. If defined, a reference level offset is also considered.
Parameters: <TriggerLevel>
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths see the data sheet.
*RST:
-10 dBm
Default unit: DBM
Example:
TRIG:LEV:IFP -30DBM
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TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IQPower <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the magnitude the I/Q data must exceed to cause a trigger event.
Note that any RF attenuation or preamplification is considered when the trigger level is analyzed. If defined, a reference level offset is also considered.
Parameters: <TriggerLevel>
Range: -130 dBm to 30 dBm
*RST:
-20 dBm
Default unit: DBM
Example:
TRIG:LEV:IQP -30DBM
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:MAPower <TriggerLevel>
This command defines the power level that must be exceeded to cause a trigger event for (offline) input from a file.
Parameters: <TriggerLevel>
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths see the data sheet.
Default unit: DBM
Example:
TRIG:LEV:MAP -30DBM
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff <Period>
This command defines the holding time before the next trigger event for (offline) input from a file.
Parameters: <Period>
Range: 0 s to 10 s
*RST:
0 s
Default unit: S
Example:
TRIG:SOUR MAGN Sets an offline magnitude trigger source. TRIG:MAP:HOLD 200 ns Sets the holding time to 200 ns.
Manual operation: See " Trigger Holdoff " on page 66
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis <Hysteresis>
This command defines the trigger hysteresis for the (offline) magnitude trigger source (used for input from a file).
Parameters: <Hysteresis>
Range: 3 dB to 50 dB
*RST:
3 dB
Default unit: DB
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Example: Manual operation:
TRIG:SOUR MAP Sets the (offline) magnitude trigger source. TRIG:MAP:HYST 10DB Sets the hysteresis limit value.
See " Hysteresis " on page 65
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe <Type>
Parameters: <Type>
POSitive | NEGative
POSitive Triggers when the signal rises to the trigger level (rising edge).
NEGative Triggers when the signal drops to the trigger level (falling edge).
*RST:
POSitive
Example:
TRIG:SLOP NEG
Manual operation: See " Slope " on page 66
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce <Source>
This command selects the trigger source.
Note that the availability of trigger sources depends on the connected instrument.
Note on external triggers:
If a measurement is configured to wait for an external trigger signal in a remote control program, remote control is blocked until the trigger is received and the program can continue. Make sure this situation is avoided in your remote control programs.
Parameters: <Source>
IMMediate Free Run
EXTernal Trigger signal from the "Trigger Input" connector. If power splitter mode is active, this parameter activates the "EXT TRIGGER INPUT" connector on the oscilloscope. Then the R&S VSE triggers when the signal fed into the "EXT TRIGGER INPUT" connector on the oscilloscope meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
EXT | EXT2 | EXT3 | EXT4 Trigger signal from the corresponding "TRIGGER INPUT/ OUTPUT" connector on the connected instrument, or the oscilloscope's corresponding input channel (if not used as an input source). For details on the connectors see the instrument's Getting Started manual.
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Example: Manual operation:
MAGNitude For (offline) input from a file, rather than an instrument. The trigger level is specified by TRIGger[:SEQuence]: LEVel:MAPower.
MAIT For trigger information stored as markers in an .iqx file.
MANual Only available for a connected R&S RTP: Any trigger settings in the R&S VSE software are ignored; only trigger settings defined on the connected instrument are considered. Thus, you can use the more complex trigger settings available on an R&S RTP.
*RST:
IMMediate
TRIG:SOUR EXT Selects the external trigger input as source of the trigger signal
See " Trigger Source " on page 63 See " Free Run " on page 63 See "External Trigger / Trigger Channel X" on page 64 See "External Analog" on page 64 See " RF Power " on page 64 See " Time " on page 64 See " Magnitude (Offline) " on page 64 See "Manual" on page 65
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:TIME:RINTerval <Interval>
This command defines the repetition interval for the time trigger.
Parameters: <Interval>
2.0 ms to 5000
Range: 2 ns to 5000 s
*RST:
1.0 s
Default unit: S
Example:
TRIG:SOUR TIME Selects the time trigger input for triggering. TRIG:TIME:RINT 50 The measurement starts every 50 s.
Manual operation: See " Repetition Interval " on page 65
8.4.6 Configuring Data Acquisition
INITiate:REFResh.......................................................................................................... 167 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw?..................................................................... 167 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw...................................................................... 167 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe].......................................................................168 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw..................................................................... 168
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INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw..................................................................... 168 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe]..................................................................... 169 [SENSe:]SWAPiq........................................................................................................... 169 [SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt.................................................................................................170 [SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth................................................................................................170 [SENSe:]SWEep:TIME................................................................................................... 170 TRACe:IQ:BWIDth......................................................................................................... 170 TRACe:IQ:SRATe...........................................................................................................171 TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe]............................................................................................. 171 TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth........................................................................................... 171
INITiate:REFResh
This command updates the current measurement results to reflect the current measurement settings.
No new I/Q data is captured. Thus, measurement settings apply to the I/Q data currently in the capture buffer.
The command applies exclusively to I/Q measurements. It requires I/Q data.
Example:
INIT:REFR Updates the IQ measurement results.
Usage:
Event
Manual operation: See "Refresh" on page 70
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw?
Suffix:
.
<ip>
1..n
Return values: <Frequency>
Default unit: HZ
Usage:
Query only
Manual operation: See "50-dB Bandwidth" on page 70
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw <Frequency>
Configures the bandwidth of the high pass filter at which an attenuation of 6 dB is reached. The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current sample rate. If necessary, the filter bandwidth is adapted to the current sample rate.
Suffix:
.
<ip>
1..n
Parameters: <Frequency>
Default unit: HZ
Example:
INPU:FILT:CHAN:HPAS:SDBB 30 MHZ
Manual operation: See "6-dB Bandwidth" on page 69
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INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe] <State>
Activates an additional internal highpass filter.
Suffix:
.
<ip>
1..n
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the filter off.
ON | 1 Switches the filter on
*RST:
0
Example:
INP:FILT:CHAN:HPAS ON
Manual operation: See "Highpass Filter State" on page 69
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw <Frequency>
Configures the 50-dB frequency of the channel filter. The 50-dB frequency is the distance from the center of the filter to the point at which the filter reaches an attenuation of 50 dB. This frequency must always be larger than the 6-dB passband (see INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw on page 168).
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Frequency>
Default unit: HZ
Example:
INP:FILT:CHAN:FDBB 40MHZ
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "50-dB Bandwidth" on page 69
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw <Frequency>
Configures the 6-dB bandwidth of the channel filter. The filter bandwidth cannot be higher than the current 50-dB frequency (see INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[: LPASs]:FDBBw on page 168).
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <Frequency>
Default unit: HZ
Example:
INP:FILT:CHAN:SDBB 30MHZ
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Example: Manual operation:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See "6-dB Bandwidth" on page 69
INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe] <State>
This command turns an adjustable (lowpass) channel filter in the signal path on and off.
You can define its characteristics with INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw on page 168 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw on page 168
Suffix: <ip>
. 1 | 2 irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF
*RST:
OFF
Example:
INP:FILT:CHAN ON Turns on the adjustable channel filter.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Filter State" on page 68
[SENSe:]SWAPiq <State>
This command defines whether or not the recorded I/Q pairs should be swapped (I<>Q) before being processed. Swapping I and Q inverts the sideband.
This is useful if the DUT interchanged the I and Q parts of the signal; then the R&S VSE can do the same to compensate for it.
Parameters: <State>
ON | 1 I and Q signals are interchanged Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
OFF | 0 I and Q signals are not interchanged Normal sideband, I+j*Q
*RST:
0
Manual operation: See " Swap I/Q " on page 68
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[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt <SweepCount>
This command defines the number of measurements that the application uses to average traces.
In case of continuous measurement mode, the application calculates the moving average over the average count.
In case of single measurement mode, the application stops the measurement and calculates the average after the average count has been reached.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
Example:
SWE:COUN 64 Sets the number of measurements to 64. INIT:CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode. INIT;*WAI Starts a measurement and waits for its end.
[SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth <Length>
Defines the number of samples to be captured during each measurement.
Parameters: <Length>
integer Range:
1 to 8 000 000
Example:
SENSe:SWEep:LENGth 1001
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Capture Length" on page 68
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME <Time>
This command defines the measurement time. It automatically decouples the time from any other settings.
Parameters: <Time>
refer to data sheet
*RST:
depends on current settings (determined automati-
cally)
Default unit: S
Manual operation: See "Capture Time" on page 67
TRACe:IQ:BWIDth <Bandwidth>
This command queries the bandwidth in Hz of the resampling filter ("Usable I/Q Bandwidth").
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Parameters: <Bandwidth>
Example: Manual operation:
Usable I/Q bandwidth Default unit: Hz TRAC1:IQ:BWID? See "Usable I/Q Bandwidth" on page 68
TRACe:IQ:SRATe <SampleRate>
This command sets the final user sample rate for the acquired I/Q data. Thus, the user sample rate can be modified without affecting the actual data capturing settings on the R&S VSE.
Parameters: <SampleRate>
The valid sample rates depend on the connected instrument. Refer to the instrument's documentation.
*RST:
32 MHz
Default unit: HZ
Manual operation: See "Sample Rate" on page 68
TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe] <State>
This command determines whether the wideband provided by bandwidth extension options is used or not (if installed).
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Manual operation: See "Maximum Bandwidth" on page 68
TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth <Limit>
Defines the maximum analysis bandwidth. Any value can be specified; the next higher fixed bandwidth is used.
The available fixed values depend on the connected instrument and the installed bandwidth extension options.
Manual operation: See "Maximum Bandwidth" on page 68
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8.4.7 Enabling a Burst Search
[SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:BURSt <State>
This command turns a search for bursted OFDM signals on and off.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF
*RST:
ON
Example:
DEM:FORM:BURS ON Turns on the burst search.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Burst Search State" on page 70
8.4.8 Defining the Result Range
The result range determines which part of the capture buffer or burst is displayed. [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:MAXFrames............................................................................ 172 [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols........................................................................... 172
[SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:MAXFrames <NFrames>
This command defines the maximum number of frames to be demodulated.
Parameters: <NFrames>
Numeric value.
*RST:
1
Example:
DEM:FORM:MAXF 10 Defines a maximum of 10 frames to be demodulated.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Max No of Frames to Analyze" on page 71
[SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols <NSymbols>
This command defines the number of symbols in a frame.
Note that frames with fewer symbols are not analyzed.
Parameters: <NSymbols>
Range: *RST:
4 to 2000 10
Example:
DEM:FORM:NOFS 44 Defines 44 symbols per frame.
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Example: Manual operation:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See "Result Length" on page 71
8.4.9 Synchronization, Tracking and Demodulation
[SENSe:]COMPensate:CHANnel..................................................................................... 173 [SENSe:]DEMod:CDD.................................................................................................... 173 [SENSe:]DEMod:COFFset.............................................................................................. 174 [SENSe:]DEMod:FFTShift............................................................................................... 174 [SENSe:]DEMod:FSYNc................................................................................................. 174 [SENSe:]DEMod:MDETect.............................................................................................. 175 [SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:FRAMe............................................................................... 175 [SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:TIME.................................................................................. 175 [SENSe:]DEMod:TSYNc................................................................................................. 176 SENSe:TRACking:LEVel.................................................................................................176 SENSe:TRACking:PHASe.............................................................................................. 176 SENSe:TRACking:TIME................................................................................................. 177
[SENSe:]COMPensate:CHANnel <State>
This command turns compensation for the estimated channel transfer function on and off.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF
*RST:
ON
Example:
COMP:CHAN ON Turns on channel compensation.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See " Channel Compensation" on page 75
[SENSe:]DEMod:CDD <CyclicShift>
This command defines the cyclic delay.
Parameters: <CyclicShift>
Cyclic delay in samples.
Range: *RST:
�<CP length> to +<CP length> 0
Example:
DEM:CDD 5 Defines a cyclic delay of 5 samples.
Manual operation: See "Cyclic Delay" on page 75
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[SENSe:]DEMod:COFFset <MaxCarrierOffset>
This command defines the maximum allowed carrier offset for frame synchronization.
Parameters: <MaxCarrierOffset>
Frequency offset in terms of (sub)carriers.
*RST:
0
Example:
SENS:DEM:COFF 2 Defines a frequency offset of two subcarriers.
Manual operation: See " Maximum Carrier Offset" on page 75
[SENSe:]DEMod:FFTShift <FFTShift>
This command defines an offset for the FFT start sample in the guard interval.
Parameters: <FFTShift>
Numeric value that defines the FFT shift. The value is normalized to the length of the guard interval.
*RST:
0.5
Example:
DEM:FFTS 0.6 Defines an FFT shift of 0.6.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See " FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length" on page 75
[SENSe:]DEMod:FSYNc <Mode>
This command selects the parameter estimation mode.
Parameters: <Mode>
DATA Demodulator uses pilot and data cells for synchronization.
PIL Demodulator uses only pilot cells for synchronization.
NONE Return value only. The software returns NONE if no configuration file has been loaded.
*RST:
PIL
Example:
DEM:FSYN PIL Selects synchronization based on the pilot cells.
Manual operation: See " Parameter Estimation" on page 73
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[SENSe:]DEMod:MDETect <Mode>
This command selects the auto demodulation mode.
Parameters: <Mode>
CARR Assumes one constellation for all data cells in the carriers.
CFG Evaluates the modulation matrix within the configuration file.
SYM Assigns the data cells of each symbol to one constellation.
*RST:
CFG
Example:
DEM:MDET CFG Selects evaluation of the modulation matrix in the configuration file.
Manual operation: See " Modulation Detection" on page 73
[SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:FRAMe <Reliability>
Sets and queries the reliability threshold for frame synchronisation.
Values between 0 and 1 are allowed, where:
0: low threshold, a very poor correlation is sufficient to synchronize successfully (always fulfilled)
1: high threshold, correlation must be very precise for frame synchronization to be successful (only possible for ideal signal).
The default value is 0.5, that means: for a correlation of 50 %, frame synchronization is successful.
Parameters: <Reliability>
Range: *RST:
0 to 1 0.5
Example:
SENS:DEM:THR:FRAM 0.5
Manual operation: See "Minimum Frame Sync Metric" on page 74
[SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:TIME <Reliability>
Sets and queries the reliability threshold for time synchronisation.
Values between 0 and 1 are allowed, where: 0: low threshold, a very poor reliability is sufficient to synchronize successfully
(always fulfilled) 1: high threshold, time synchronization must be absolutely reliable to be successful
(only possible for ideal signal).
The default value is 0.5, that means: for a reliability of 50 %, time synchronization is successful.
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Parameters: <Reliability>
Example: Manual operation:
Range: *RST:
0 to 1 0.5
SENS:DEM:THR:TIME 0.5
See "Minimum Time Sync Metric" on page 73
[SENSe:]DEMod:TSYNc <Mode>
This command selects the time synchronization mode.
Parameters: <Mode>
CP Performs time synchronization by correlating the cyclic prefix.
PREamble Performs time synchronization by correlating the recurring preamble structure.
*RST:
CP
Example:
DEM:TSYN CP Selects time synchronization based on the cyclic prefix.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See " Time Synchronization" on page 72
SENSe:TRACking:LEVel <State>
This command turns tracking of the power level on and off.
Note
The syntax element [SENSe] is not optional for this command.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF
*RST:
OFF
Example:
SENS:TRAC:LEV ON Turns on power level tracking.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See " Level Tracking" on page 74
SENSe:TRACking:PHASe <State> This command turns phase tracking on and off. Note The syntax element [SENSe] is not optional for this command.
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Parameters: <State>
Example: Example: Manual operation:
ON | OFF
*RST:
ON
SENS:TRAC:PHAS ON Turns on phase tracking.
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See " Phase Tracking" on page 74
SENSe:TRACking:TIME <State>
This command turns tracking of the sample clock deviation on and off.
Note
The syntax element [SENSe] is not optional for this command.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF
*RST:
OFF
Example:
SENS:TRAC:TIME ON Turns on tracking of sample clock deviations.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See " Timing Tracking" on page 74
8.4.10 Adjusting Settings Automatically
Some settings can be adjusted by the R&S VSE automatically according to the current measurement settings.
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation................................................................... 177 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE........................................................ 178 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer.............................................................. 178 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer............................................................... 179 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:TRIGger.............................................................................. 179 [SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel................................................................................................... 179
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation <Duration>
In order to determine the ideal reference level, the R&S VSE performs a measurement on the current input data. This command defines the length of the measurement if [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE is set to MANual.
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Parameters: <Duration>
Example:
Manual operation:
Numeric value in seconds
Range: 0.001 to 16000.0
*RST:
0.001
Default unit: s
ADJ:CONF:DUR:MODE MAN Selects manual definition of the measurement length. ADJ:CONF:LEV:DUR 5ms Length of the measurement is 5 ms.
See "Automatic Measurement Time Mode and Value" on page 77
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE <Mode>
In order to determine the ideal reference level, the R&S VSE performs a measurement on the current input data. This command selects the way the R&S VSE determines the length of the measurement .
Parameters: <Mode>
AUTO The R&S VSE determines the measurement length automatically according to the current input data.
MANual The R&S VSE uses the measurement length defined by
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation on page 177.
*RST:
AUTO
Manual operation: See "Automatic Measurement Time Mode and Value" on page 77
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer <Threshold>
Parameters: <Threshold>
Range: 0 dB to 200 dB
*RST:
+1 dB
Default unit: dB
Example:
SENS:ADJ:CONF:HYST:LOW 2 For an input signal level of currently 20 dBm, the reference level will only be adjusted when the signal level falls below 18 dBm.
Manual operation: See " Lower Level Hysteresis " on page 77
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[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer <Threshold>
Parameters: <Threshold>
Range: 0 dB to 200 dB
*RST:
+1 dB
Default unit: dB
Example:
SENS:ADJ:CONF:HYST:UPP 2
Example:
For an input signal level of currently 20 dBm, the reference level will only be adjusted when the signal level rises above 22 dBm.
Manual operation: See " Upper Level Hysteresis " on page 77
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:TRIGger <State>
Defines the behavior of the measurement when adjusting a setting automatically (using SENS:ADJ:LEV ON, for example).
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel
This command initiates a single (internal) measurement that evaluates and sets the ideal reference level for the current input data and measurement settings. This ensures that the settings of the RF attenuation and the reference level are optimally adjusted to the signal level without overloading the R&S VSE or limiting the dynamic range by an S/N ratio that is too small.
Example:
ADJ:LEV
Manual operation: See " Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )" on page 76
8.5 Analysis
General result analysis settings concerning the trace, markers, windows etc. can be configured.
Result Configuration..............................................................................................180 Scaling.................................................................................................................. 182 Units for Results....................................................................................................185 Configuring Traces................................................................................................188 Working with Markers............................................................................................189 Zooming into the Display.......................................................................................201
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8.5.1 Result Configuration
[SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:FAVerage............................................................................... 180 [SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:NORMalize............................................................................ 180 CALCulate<n>:BITStream:FORMat................................................................................. 181 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:CARRier.......................................................................................181 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation.................................................................................. 181 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation:TYPE......................................................................... 182 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:SYMBol........................................................................................ 182
[SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:FAVerage <Type>
This command selects the averaging method for the mean EVM over multiple frames.
Parameters: <Type>
MS Mean EVM is based on squared EVM values.
RMS Mean EVM is directly based on the EVM values.
*RST:
MS
Example:
DEM:EVMC:FAV MS Selects EVM averaging based on squared EVM values.
Manual operation: See " Frame Averaging" on page 103
[SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:NORMalize <Method>
This command selects the normalization method for EVM results.
Parameters: <Method>
NONE Normalization is turned off.
PDAT EVM normalized to the peak value of the data cells.
PPD EVM normalized to the peak value of the pilot and data cells.
PPIL EVM normalized to the peak value of the pilot cells.
RMSDAT EVM values normalized to the RMS value of the data cells.
RMSPD EVM values normalized to the RMS value of the pilot and data cells.
RMSPIL EVM values normalized to the RMS value of the pilot cells.
*RST:
RMSPD
Example:
DEM:EVMC:NORM RMSDAT Selects normalization to the RMS value of the data cells.
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Example: Manual operation:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See " Normalize EVM to" on page 103
CALCulate<n>:BITStream:FORMat <Mode>
Defines the format of the symbols for the Bitstream display.
Suffix:
.
<n>
1..n
Parameters: <Mode>
BINary | OCTal | DECimal | HEXadecimal
*RST:
HEXadecimal
Example:
CALC2:BITS:FORM DEC Sets the bitstream display on window 2 to use decimal format.
Manual operation: See "Bitstream Format" on page 105
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:CARRier <Samples>
The constellation diagram includes symbols for all or only for the specified carrier number.
The range of valid carrier numbers is:
[- FFT Size/2, +FFT Size/2]
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Parameters: <Samples>
Example:
CONF:FILT:CARR -2
Manual operation: See "Constellation Display - Carrier" on page 104
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation <Modulation>
The constellation diagram includes only symbols for the selected modulation.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Parameters: <Modulation>
ALL | 'string' Modulation as defined in the configuration file.
Example:
CONF:FILT:MOD 'Zero'
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Example: Manual operation:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
See "Constellation Display - Modulation" on page 103
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation:TYPE <Modulation Type>
The constellation diagram includes only symbols for the selected modulation type.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Parameters: <Modulation Type> PDATa | PILots | DATA
Example:
CONF:FILT:MOD:TYPE DATA Only data symbols are displayed.
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Manual operation: See "Constellation Display - Modulation Type" on page 103
CONFigure:FILTer<n>:SYMBol <Samples>
The constellation diagram includes all or only the specified symbol number. The first symbol is 0.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Parameters: <Samples>
Example:
CONF:FILT:SYMB 2
Manual operation: See "Constellation Display - Symbol" on page 104
8.5.2 Scaling
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO ONCE............................................... 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO......................................................... 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]................................................................... 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum................................................... 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum.....................................................184 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision.................................................... 184 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition................................................... 184 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue............................185
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DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO ONCE
Automatic scaling of the y-axis is performed once, then switched off again (for all traces).
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<t>
irrelevant
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO <State>
If enabled, the Y-axis is scaled automatically according to the current measurement.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<t>
irrelevant
Parameters for setting and query:
<State>
OFF
Switch the function off
ON Switch the function on
*RST:
ON
Manual operation: See "Automatic Grid Scaling" on page 107 See "Auto Scale Once" on page 107
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe] <Range>
This command defines the display range of the y-axis (for all traces).
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<t>
irrelevant
Example:
DISP:TRAC:Y 110dB
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum <Value>
Suffix:
.
<n>
1..n
<t>
1..n
Parameters: <Value>
Manual operation: See "Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values)" on page 107
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DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum <Value>
Suffix:
.
<n>
1..n
<t>
1..n
Parameters: <Value>
Manual operation: See "Absolute Scaling (Min/Max Values)" on page 107
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision <Value>
This remote command determines the grid spacing on the Y-axis for all diagrams, where possible.
In spectrum displays, for example, this command is not available.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<t>
irrelevant
Parameters: <Value>
numeric value WITHOUT UNIT (unit according to the result display)
Defines the range per division (total range = 10*<Value>)
*RST:
depends on the result display
Default unit: DBM
Example:
DISP:TRAC:Y:PDIV 10 Sets the grid spacing to 10 units (e.g. dB) per division
Manual operation: See "Per Division" on page 107
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition <Position>
This command defines the vertical position of the reference level on the display grid (for all traces).
The R&S VSE adjusts the scaling of the y-axis accordingly.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<t>
irrelevant
Example:
DISP:TRAC:Y:RPOS 50PCT
Manual operation: See "Ref Position" on page 107
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DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue <Value>
This command defines the reference value assigned to the reference position in the specified window. Separate reference values are maintained for the various displays.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<w>
subwindow
<t>
irrelevant
Parameters: <Value>
*RST:
AM time domain: 0 PCT; FM time domain: 0 Hz; PM
time domain: 0 rad; AM spectrum: 100 PCT; FM
spectrum: 250 kHz; PM spectrum: 10 rad;
Default unit: DB
Example:
DISP:TRAC:Y:RVAL 0 Sets the value assigned to the reference position to 0 Hz
Manual operation: See "Ref Value" on page 107
8.5.3 Units for Results
UNIT:CAXes.................................................................................................................. 185 UNIT:EVM..................................................................................................................... 186 UNIT:FAXes...................................................................................................................186 UNIT:IRESponse............................................................................................................187 UNIT:SAXes.................................................................................................................. 187 UNIT:TAXes...................................................................................................................187
UNIT:CAXes <Unit>
This command selects the unit for result displays that show results on carrier level, for example the EVM vs Carrier.
Parameters: <Unit>
CARR Carrier axis represents the subcarriers.
HZ Carrier axis represents the frequency (Hz).
*RST:
CARR
Example:
UNIT:CAX CARR Selects 'subcarriers' as the unit of the carrier axis.
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Manual operation:
See "Channel Flatness" on page 15 See "Constellation vs Carrier" on page 17 See "EVM vs Carrier" on page 19 See "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 21 See "Group Delay" on page 22 See "Power vs Carrier" on page 25 See "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 27
UNIT:EVM <Unit>
This command selects the unit for EVM results.
Parameters: <Unit>
DB Returns EVM results in dB.
PCT Returns EVM results in %.
*RST:
dB
Example:
UNIT:EVM PCT Selects '%' as the unit of EVM results.
Manual operation:
See "EVM vs Carrier" on page 19 See "EVM vs Symbol" on page 20 See "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 21
UNIT:FAXes <Unit>
This command selects the unit for result displays that show results over the frequency, for example the Power Spectrum.
Parameters: <Unit>
HZ Frequency axis represents Hz.
SRAT Frequency axis represents the sample rate.
CSP Frequency axis represents the carrier spacing.
*RST:
Hz
Example:
UNIT:FAX Hz Selects 'Hz' as the unit of the frequency axis.
Manual operation: See "Power Spectrum" on page 28
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UNIT:IRESponse <Unit>
This command selects the unit for impulse response results.
Parameters: <Unit>
DB Returns impulse response results in dB.
LIN Returns impulse response results normalized to 1.
*RST:
LIN
Example:
UNIT:IRES DB Selects 'dB' as the unit for impulse response results.
Manual operation: See "Impulse Response" on page 23
UNIT:SAXes <Unit>
This command selects the unit for result displays that show results on symbol level, for example the EVM vs Symbol.
Parameters: <Unit>
SYMBol | SECond
SYMBol Symbol axis represents symbols.
SECond Symbol axis represents seconds.
*RST:
SYM
Example:
UNIT:SAX SYM Selects 'symbols' as the unit of the symbol axis.
Manual operation:
See "Allocation Matrix" on page 12 See "Constellation vs Symbol" on page 18 See "EVM vs Symbol" on page 20 See "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 21 See "Power vs Symbol" on page 26 See "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 27
UNIT:TAXes <Unit>
This command selects the unit for result displays that show results over time, for example the Magnitude Capture display.
Parameters: <Unit>
S Time axis represents seconds.
SAM Time axis represents samples.
SYM Time axis represents symbols.
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Example: Manual operation:
*RST:
S
UNIT:TAX S Selects 'seconds' as the unit of the time axis.
See "Magnitude Capture" on page 24
8.5.4 Configuring Traces
The trace settings determine how the measured data is analyzed and displayed on the screen. Depending on the result display, between 1 and 6 traces may be displayed.
Commands for storing trace data are described in Chapter 8.7.3, "Retrieving Trace Data and Marker Values", on page 221.
Useful commands for trace configuration described elsewhere: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe] on page 183
Remote commands exclusive to trace configuration: CALCulate<n>:TRACe<t>[:VALue]...................................................................................188 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE.........................................................................188 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe]............................................ 189
CALCulate<n>:TRACe<t>[:VALue] <TraceRefType>
This commands selects the signal to be used as the data source for a trace.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<t>
Trace
Parameters: <TraceRefType>
MEAS | REF | ERRor | TCAP
MEAS Measurement signal
REF Reference signal
ERR Error
TCAP Capture buffer
*RST:
Depends on the current measurement.
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE <Mode>
This command selects the trace mode. If necessary, the selected trace is also activated.
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Suffix: <n> <t> Example:
Manual operation:
. Window
Trace
INIT:CONT OFF Switching to single sweep mode. SWE:COUN 16 Sets the number of measurements to 16. DISP:TRAC3:MODE WRIT Selects clear/write mode for trace 3. INIT;*WAI Starts the measurement and waits for the end of the measurement.
See " Trace Mode " on page 114
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] <State>
This command turns a trace on and off.
The measurement continues in the background.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<w>
subwindow
Not supported by all applications
<t>
Trace
Example:
DISP:TRAC3 ON
Manual operation: See "Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3" on page 114
8.5.5 Working with Markers
Markers help you analyze your measurement results by determining particular values in the diagram. Thus you can extract numeric values from a graphical display. Individual Marker Settings.....................................................................................189 General Marker Settings....................................................................................... 195 Marker Positioning Settings.................................................................................. 195
8.5.5.1 Individual Marker Settings
In OFDM VSA evaluations, up to 5 markers can be activated in each diagram at any time. Useful commands for configuring markers described elsewhere: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 223 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y on page 222
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Remote commands exclusive to individual markers
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF.................................................................................. 190 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md>....................................................... 190 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe]............................................................................... 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe................................................................................ 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X........................................................................................ 191 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:AOFF...........................................................................192 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK............................................................................ 192 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md>................................................193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence................................................................ 193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe]........................................................................ 193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:TRACe.........................................................................194 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X................................................................................. 194
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF
This command turns off all markers.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Example:
CALC:MARK:AOFF Switches off all markers.
Manual operation: See " All Markers Off " on page 111
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md> <State>
This command links normal marker <m1> to any active normal marker <m2>.
If you change the horizontal position of marker <m2>, marker <m1> changes its horizontal position to the same value.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<ms>
source marker, see Marker
<md>
destination marker, see Marker
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
CALC:MARK4:LINK:TO:MARK2 ON Links marker 4 to marker 2.
Manual operation: See " Linking to Another Marker " on page 111
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CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] <State>
This command turns markers on and off. If the corresponding marker number is currently active as a delta marker, it is turned into a normal marker.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
CALC:MARK3 ON Switches on marker 3.
Manual operation:
See " Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109 See " Marker State " on page 110 See " Marker Type " on page 110
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe <Trace>
This command selects the trace the marker is positioned on.
Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than "Blank".
If necessary, the command activates the marker first.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Parameters: <Trace>
Example:
//Assign marker to trace 1 CALC:MARK3:TRAC 2
Manual operation: See " Assigning the Marker to a Trace " on page 111
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X <Position>
This command moves a marker to a specific coordinate on the x-axis. If necessary, the command activates the marker. If the marker has been used as a delta marker, the command turns it into a normal marker.
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Suffix: <n> <m> Parameters: <Position>
Example:
Manual operation:
. Window
Marker
Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x-axis. The unit depends on the result display. Range: The range depends on the current x-axis range. Default unit: Hz
CALC:MARK2:X 1.7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1.7 MHz.
See " Marker Table " on page 25 See " Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109 See "X-value" on page 110
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:AOFF
This command turns off all delta markers.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
irrelevant
Example:
CALC:DELT:AOFF Turns off all delta markers.
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK <State>
This command links delta marker <m> to marker 1.
If you change the horizontal position (x-value) of marker 1, delta marker <m> changes its horizontal position to the same value.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
CALC:DELT2:LINK ON
Manual operation: See " Linking to Another Marker " on page 111
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CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md> <State>
This command links delta marker <m1> to any active normal marker <m2>.
If you change the horizontal position of marker <m2>, delta marker <m1> changes its horizontal position to the same value.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<ms>
source marker, see Marker
<md>
destination marker, see Marker
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
CALC:DELT4:LINK:TO:MARK2 ON Links the delta marker 4 to the marker 2.
Manual operation: See " Linking to Another Marker " on page 111
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence <Reference>
This command selects a reference marker for a delta marker other than marker 1.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Parameters: <Reference>
Example:
CALC:DELT3:MREF 2 Specifies that the values of delta marker 3 are relative to marker 2.
Manual operation: See " Reference Marker " on page 111
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] <State>
This command turns delta markers on and off.
If necessary, the command activates the delta marker first.
No suffix at DELTamarker turns on delta marker 1.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
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<m> Parameters: <State>
Example: Manual operation:
Marker
ON | OFF | 0 | 1 OFF | 0 Switches the function off ON | 1 Switches the function on
CALC:DELT2 ON Turns on delta marker 2.
See " Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109 See " Marker State " on page 110 See " Marker Type " on page 110
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:TRACe <Trace>
This command selects the trace a delta marker is positioned on.
Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than "Blank".
If necessary, the command activates the marker first.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Parameters: <Trace>
Trace number the marker is assigned to.
Example:
CALC:DELT2:TRAC 2 Positions delta marker 2 on trace 2.
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X <Position>
This command moves a delta marker to a particular coordinate on the x-axis.
If necessary, the command activates the delta marker and positions a reference marker to the peak power.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Example:
CALC:DELT:X? Outputs the absolute x-value of delta marker 1.
Manual operation:
See " Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109 See "X-value" on page 110
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8.5.5.2 General Marker Settings
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe]............................................................................. 195 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle....................................................................................... 195
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe] <State>
This command turns the marker information in all diagrams on and off.
Suffix: <n>
. irrelevant
Parameters: <State>
ON | 1 Displays the marker information in the diagrams.
OFF | 0 Hides the marker information in the diagrams.
*RST:
1
Example:
DISP:MINF OFF Hides the marker information.
Manual operation: See " Marker Info " on page 112
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle <DisplayMode>
This command turns the marker table on and off.
Suffix: <n>
. irrelevant
Parameters: <DisplayMode>
ON | 1 Turns on the marker table.
OFF | 0 Turns off the marker table.
*RST:
AUTO
Example:
DISP:MTAB ON Activates the marker table.
Manual operation: See " Marker Table Display " on page 112
8.5.5.3 Marker Positioning Settings
Several functions are available to set the marker to a specific position very quickly and easily. Useful commands for positioning markers described elsewhere: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 191 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:TRACe on page 194
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Remote commands exclusive to positioning markers:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:APEak......................................................... 196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:LEFT........................................................... 196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:NEXT...........................................................196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK]......................................................... 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt.......................................................... 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:LEFT............................................................ 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:NEXT............................................................197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum[:PEAK].......................................................... 198 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:RIGHt........................................................... 198 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:APEak.................................................................198 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:LEFT...................................................................198 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:NEXT.................................................................. 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt..................................................................199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK]................................................................ 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:LEFT.................................................................... 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:NEXT................................................................... 200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:RIGHt...................................................................200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum[:PEAK]................................................................. 200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:SEARch.............................................................................. 200
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:APEak
This command positions the active marker or delta marker on the largest absolute peak value (maximum or minimum) of the selected trace.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Usage:
Event
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:LEFT
This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value.
The search includes only measurement values to the left of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Peak " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:NEXT This command moves a marker to the next higher value.
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Suffix: <n>
<m>
Manual operation:
. 1..n Window
1..n Marker
See " Search Next Peak " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK]
This command moves a delta marker to the highest level.
If the marker is not yet active, the command first activates the marker.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Peak Search " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt
This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value.
The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Peak " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:LEFT
This command moves a delta marker to the next higher minimum value.
The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:NEXT This command moves a marker to the next higher minimum value.
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Suffix: <n>
<m>
Manual operation:
. Window
Marker
See " Search Next Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum[:PEAK]
This command moves a delta marker to the minimum level.
If the marker is not yet active, the command first activates the marker.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:RIGHt
This command moves a delta marker to the next higher minimum value.
The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:APEak
sets the marker to the largest absolute peak value (maximum or minimum) of the selected trace.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Usage:
Event
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:LEFT
This command moves a marker to the next lower peak.
The search includes only measurement values to the left of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
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<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Peak " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:NEXT
This command moves a marker to the next lower peak.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Peak " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt
This command moves a marker to the next lower peak.
The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Peak " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK]
This command moves a marker to the highest level.
If the marker is not yet active, the command first activates the marker.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Peak Search " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:LEFT
This command moves a marker to the next minimum value.
The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Minimum " on page 113
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CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:NEXT
This command moves a marker to the next minimum value.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:RIGHt
This command moves a marker to the next minimum value.
The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Next Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum[:PEAK]
This command moves a marker to the minimum level.
If the marker is not yet active, the command first activates the marker.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<m>
Marker
Manual operation: See " Search Minimum " on page 113
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:SEARch <MarkRealImag>
This command specifies whether the marker search works on the real or the imag trace (for all markers).
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
<m>
1..4 Marker
Parameters: <MarkRealImag>
REAL | IMAG
*RST:
REAL
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8.5.6 Zooming into the Display
Remote Commands for OFDM VSA Analysis
8.5.6.1 Using the Single Zoom
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:AREA.................................................... 201 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM[:STATe].................................................. 202
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:AREA <x1>,<y1>,<x2>,<y2> This command defines the zoom area. To define a zoom area, you first have to turn the zoom on.
1 = origin of coordinate system (x1 = 0, y1 = 0) 2 = end point of system (x2 = 100, y2= 100) 3 = zoom area (e.g. x1 = 60, y1 = 30, x2 = 80, y2 = 75)
Suffix: <n> <w> Parameters: <x1>
<y1>
. Window
subwindow Not supported by all applications
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system. Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system. Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
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<x2> <y2>
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system.
Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system.
Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM[:STATe] <State>
This command turns the zoom on and off.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<w>
subwindow
Not supported by all applications
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
Example:
DISP:ZOOM ON Activates the zoom mode.
8.5.6.2 Using the Multiple Zoom
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:MULTiple<zn>:AREA...............................202 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:MULTiple<zn>[:STATe]............................ 204
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:MULTiple<zn>:AREA <x1>,<y1>,<x2>,<y2>
This command defines the zoom area for a multiple zoom.
To define a zoom area, you first have to turn the zoom on.
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1 = origin of coordinate system (x1 = 0, y1 = 0) 2 = end point of system (x2 = 100, y2= 100) 3 = zoom area (e.g. x1 = 60, y1 = 30, x2 = 80, y2 = 75)
Suffix: <n> <w> <zn> Parameters: <x1>
<y1>
<x2>
<y2>
. Window
subwindow Not supported by all applications
Selects the zoom window.
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system. Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system. Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system. Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
Diagram coordinates in % of the complete diagram that define the zoom area. The lower left corner is the origin of coordinate system. The upper right corner is the end point of the system. Range: 0 to 100 Default unit: PCT
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DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:MULTiple<zn>[:STATe] <State>
This command turns the multiple zoom on and off.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
<w>
subwindow
Not supported by all applications
<zn>
Selects the zoom window. If you turn off one of the zoom windows, all subsequent zoom windows move up one position.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
8.6 Configuring the Result Display
The commands required to configure the screen display in a remote environment are described here. Global Layout Commands.....................................................................................204 Working with Windows in the Display................................................................... 207
8.6.1 Global Layout Commands
The following commands are required to change the evaluation type and rearrange the screen layout across measurement channels as you do in manual operation.
For compatibility with other Rohde & Schwarz Signal and Spectrum Analyzers, the layout commands described in Chapter 8.6.2, "Working with Windows in the Display", on page 207 are also supported. Note, however, that the commands described there only allow you to configure the layout within the active measurement channel.
LAYout:GLOBal:ADD[:WINDow]?.....................................................................................205 LAYout:GLOBal:CATalog[:WINDow]?................................................................................205 LAYout:GLOBal:IDENtify[:WINDow]?................................................................................206 LAYout:GLOBal:REMove[:WINDow]................................................................................. 207 LAYout:GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow]................................................................................207
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LAYout:GLOBal:ADD[:WINDow]? <ExChanName>,<ExWinName>,<Direction>,<NewChanName>,<NewWinType>
This command adds a window to the display next to an existing window. The new window may belong to a different channel than the existing window.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Parameters: <ExChanName>
string Name of an existing channel
<ExWinName>
string
Name of the existing window within the <ExChanName> channel the new window is inserted next to. By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To determine the name and index of all active windows use the LAYout:GLOBal:IDENtify[:WINDow]? query.
<Direction>
LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow | TAB
Direction the new window is added relative to the existing window.
TAB The new window is added as a new tab in the specified existing window.
<NewChanName>
string Name of the channel for which a new window is to be added.
<NewWinType>
string
Type of result display (evaluation method) you want to add. See the table below for available parameter values.
Return values: <NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Example:
LAYout:GLOBal:ADD:WINDow? 'IQ Analyzer','1',RIGH,'IQ Analyzer2','FREQ' Adds a new window named 'Spectrum' with a Spectrum display to the right of window 1 in the channel 'IQ Analyzer'.
Usage:
Query only
LAYout:GLOBal:CATalog[:WINDow]?
This command queries the name and index of all active windows from top left to bottom right for each active channel. The result is a comma-separated list of values for each window, with the syntax:
<ChannelName_1>: <WindowName_1>,<WindowIndex_1>..<WindowName_n>,<WindowIndex_n>
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..
<ChannelName_m>: <WindowName_1>,<WindowIndex_1>..<WindowName_n>,<WindowIndex_n>
Return values: <ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The channel name is displayed as the tab label for the measurement channel.
<WindowName>
string
Name of the window. In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
<WindowIndex>
numeric value Index of the window.
Example:
LAY:GLOB:CAT? Result: IQ Analyzer: '1',1,'2',2 Analog Demod: '1',1,'4',4 For the I/Q Analyzer channel, two windows are displayed, named '2' (at the top or left), and '1' (at the bottom or right). For the Analog Demodulation channel, two windows are displayed, named '1' (at the top or left), and '4' (at the bottom or right).
Usage:
Query only
LAYout:GLOBal:IDENtify[:WINDow]? <ChannelName>,<WindowName>
This command queries the index of a particular display window in the specified channel.
Note: to query the name of a particular window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>: IDENtify? query.
Parameters: <ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The channel name is displayed as the tab label for the measurement channel.
Query parameters:
<WindowName>
String containing the name of a window.
Return values: <WindowIndex>
Index number of the window.
Example:
LAYout:GLOBal:ADD:WINDow? IQ,'1',RIGH, 'Spectrum',FREQ Adds a new window named 'Spectrum' with a Spectrum display to the right of window 1.
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Example: Usage:
LAYout:GLOBal:IDENtify? 'IQ Analyzer', 'Spectrum' Result: 2 Window index is: 2.
Query only
LAYout:GLOBal:REMove[:WINDow] <ChannelName>, <WindowName>
Setting parameters: <ChannelName>
<WindowName>
Usage:
Setting only
LAYout:GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow] <ExChannelName>, <WindowName>, <NewChannelName>, <WindowType>
Setting parameters: <ExChannelName>
<WindowName>
<NewChannelName>
<WindowType>
Usage:
Setting only
8.6.2 Working with Windows in the Display
The following commands are required to change the evaluation type and rearrange the screen layout for a channel as you do in manual operation. Since the available evaluation types depend on the selected application, some parameters for the following commands also depend on the selected channel.
Note that the suffix <n> always refers to the window in the currently selected channel.
To configure the layout of windows across channels, use the Chapter 8.6.1, "Global Layout Commands", on page 204.
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?................................................................................................. 208 LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?............................................................................................ 210 LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]?............................................................................................ 210 LAYout:REMove[:WINDow]..............................................................................................211 LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow]............................................................................................ 211 LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD?..............................................................................................211 LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?........................................................................................ 212 LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove..........................................................................................212 LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace........................................................................................ 213
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LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? <WindowName>,<Direction>,<WindowType>
This command adds a window to the display in the active channel.
This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Query parameters: <WindowName>
String containing the name of the existing window the new window is inserted next to. By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To determine the name and index of all active windows, use the LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]? query.
<Direction>
LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow
Direction the new window is added relative to the existing window.
<WindowType>
text value
Type of result display (evaluation method) you want to add. See the table below for available parameter values. Note that the window type must be valid for the active channel. To create a window for a different channel use the LAYout: GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Return values: <NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Usage:
Query only
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Manual operation:
See "Allocation Matrix" on page 12 See "Bitstream" on page 13 See "CCDF" on page 14 See "Channel Flatness" on page 15 See "Constellation Diagram" on page 15 See "Constellation vs Carrier" on page 17 See "Constellation vs Symbol" on page 18 See "EVM vs Carrier" on page 19 See "EVM vs Symbol" on page 20 See "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 21 See "Group Delay" on page 22 See "Impulse Response" on page 23 See "Magnitude Capture" on page 24 See " Marker Table " on page 25 See "Power vs Carrier" on page 25 See "Power vs Symbol" on page 26 See "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 27 See "Power Spectrum" on page 28 See "Result Summary" on page 28 See "Signal Flow" on page 29 See "Trigger to Sync" on page 30
Table 8-3: <WindowType> parameter values for OFDM VSA application
Parameter value
Window type
AMATrix
Allocation Matrix
BITStream
Bitstream
CCARrier
Constellation vs Carrier
CCDF
CCDF
CHFLatness
Channel Flatness
CONStell
Constellation Diagram
CSYMbol
Constellation vs Symbol
EVCarrier
EVM vs Carrier
EVSYmbol
EVM vs Symbol
EVSC
EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier
GDELay
Group Delay
IRESponse
Impulse Response
MCAPture
Magnitude Capture
MTABle
Marker Table
PCARrier
Power vs Carrier
PSC
Power vs Symbol vs Carrier
PSPectrum
Power Spectrum
PSYMbol
Power vs Symbol
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Parameter value RSUMmary SFLow
Window type Result Summary Signal Flow
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?
This command queries the name and index of all active windows in the active channel from top left to bottom right. The result is a comma-separated list of values for each window, with the syntax:
<WindowName_1>,<WindowIndex_1>..<WindowName_n>,<WindowIndex_n>
To query the name and index of all windows in all channels use the LAYout:GLOBal: CATalog[:WINDow]? command.
Return values: <WindowName>
string
Name of the window. In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
<WindowIndex>
numeric value Index of the window.
Example:
LAY:CAT? Result: '2',2,'1',1 Two windows are displayed, named '2' (at the top or left), and '1' (at the bottom or right).
Usage:
Query only
LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]? <WindowName>
This command queries the index of a particular display window in the active channel.
Note: to query the name of a particular window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>: IDENtify? query.
To query the index of a window in a different channel use the LAYout:GLOBal: IDENtify[:WINDow]? command.
Query parameters:
<WindowName>
String containing the name of a window.
Return values: <WindowIndex>
Index number of the window.
Example:
LAY:WIND:IDEN? '2' Queries the index of the result display named '2'. Response: 2
Usage:
Query only
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LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] <WindowName>
This command removes a window from the display in the active channel.
Setting parameters:
<WindowName>
String containing the name of the window. In the default state,
the name of the window is its index.
Example:
LAY:REM '2' Removes the result display in the window named '2'.
Usage:
Setting only
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] <WindowName>,<WindowType>
This command replaces the window type (for example from "Diagram" to "Result Summary") of an already existing window in the active channel while keeping its position, index and window name.
To add a new window, use the LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? command.
Setting parameters:
<WindowName>
String containing the name of the existing window.
By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To
determine the name and index of all active windows in the active
channel, use the LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]? query.
<WindowType>
Type of result display you want to use in the existing window. See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 for a list of available window types. Note that the window type must be valid for the active channel. To create a window for a different channel use the LAYout: GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Example:
LAY:REPL:WIND '1',MTAB Replaces the result display in window 1 with a marker table.
Usage:
Setting only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD? <Direction>,<WindowType>
This command adds a measurement window to the display. Note that with this command, the suffix <n> determines the existing window next to which the new window is added, as opposed to LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?, for which the existing window is defined by a parameter.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace command.
This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
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Query parameters:
<Direction>
LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow
<WindowType>
Type of measurement window you want to add. See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 for a list of available window types. Note that the window type must be valid for the active channel. To create a window for a different channel use the LAYout: GLOBal:ADD[:WINDow]? command.
Return values: <NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Example:
LAY:WIND1:ADD? LEFT,MTAB Result: '2' Adds a new window named '2' with a marker table to the left of window 1.
Usage:
Query only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?
This command queries the name of a particular display window (indicated by the <n> suffix) in the active channel.
Note: to query the index of a particular window, use the LAYout:IDENtify[: WINDow]? command.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
Return values: <WindowName>
String containing the name of a window. In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
Example:
LAY:WIND2:IDEN? Queries the name of the result display in window 2. Response: '2'
Usage:
Query only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove
This command removes the window specified by the suffix <n> from the display in the active channel.
The result of this command is identical to the LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] command.
To remove a window in a different channel use the LAYout:GLOBal:REMove[: WINDow] command.
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Suffix: <n> Example:
Usage:
. Window
LAY:WIND2:REM Removes the result display in window 2.
Event
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace <WindowType>
This command changes the window type of an existing window (specified by the suffix <n>) in the active channel.
The effect of this command is identical to the LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
To add a new window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD? command.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
Setting parameters:
<WindowType>
Type of measurement window you want to replace another one
with.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208 for a list of availa-
ble window types.
Note that the window type must be valid for the active channel.
To create a window for a different channel use the LAYout:
GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Example:
LAY:WIND2:REPL MTAB Replaces the result display in window 2 with a marker table.
Usage:
Setting only
8.7 Retrieving Results
The following commands are required to retrieve the calculated OFDM VSA parameters. Retrieving Numerical Results................................................................................213 Retrieving Signal Flow Results............................................................................. 217 Retrieving Trace Data and Marker Values............................................................ 221 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command.................................................................... 230
8.7.1 Retrieving Numerical Results
These commands return the average, maximum or minimum result of the specified parameter. For details and an assignment of the parameters to the keywords see
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FETCh:BURSt:COUNt?.................................................................................................. 214 FETCh:BURSt:LENGths?............................................................................................... 215 FETCh:BURSt:STARts?..................................................................................................215 FETCh:SUMMary[:ALL]?................................................................................................ 215 FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt:MAXimum?.............................................................................. 216 FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt:MINimum?............................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]?............................................................................. 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA:MAXimum?........................................................................ 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA:MINimum?......................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA[:AVERage]?....................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:MAXimum?.........................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:MINimum?..........................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot[:AVERage]?........................................................................ 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:PCT[:AVERage]?................................................................ 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MAXimum?.........................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MINimum?..........................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]?........................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT:MAXimum?..................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT:MINimum?...................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT[:AVERage]?................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MAXimum?............................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MINimum?..............................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]?............................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MAXimum?...................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MINimum?....................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]?..................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MAXimum?........................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MINimum?............................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]?.......................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL]:MAXimum?........................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL]:MINimum?..........................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL][:AVERage]?........................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MAXimum?..............................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MINimum?...............................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?.............................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MAXimum?........................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MINimum?......................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]?....................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MAXimum?............................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MINimum?............................................................................. 217 FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?........................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>:<statistic>............................................................................ 217 FETCh:TTFRame?.........................................................................................................217
FETCh:BURSt:COUNt?
This command returns the number of analyzed bursts from the current capture buffer.
Return values: <Value>
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Example: Usage:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Query only
FETCh:BURSt:LENGths?
This command returns the length of the analyzed bursts from the current measurement.
The result is a comma-separated list of lengths, one for each burst.
Return values: <Value>
Default unit: s
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:BURSt:STARts?
This command returns the start position of each analyzed burst in the current capture buffer.
Return values: <Value>
Offset of the burst start from the beginning of the capture buffer. Default unit: s
Example:
FETC:BURS:STAR? //Result: //6.04e-05
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SUMMary[:ALL]?
Returns all values in the result summary, in the same order as in the display (See "Result Summary" on page 28.) For details on the individual parameters, see Chapter 2.1, "OFDM VSA Parameters", on page 10.
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Return values: <Result>
Example:
Usage: Manual operation:
<EVMAll_dB_Min>,<EVMAll_dB_Avg>,<EVMAll_dB_Max>, <EVMAll_PCT_Min>,<EVMAll_PCT_Avg>,<EVMAll_PCT_Max> , <EVMData_dB_Min>,<EVMData_dB_Avg>,<EVMData_dB_Max>, <EVMData_PCT_Min>,<EVMData_PCT_Avg>,<EVMData_PCT_Max>, <EVMPilot_dB_Min>,<EVMPilot_dB_Avg>,<EVMPilot_dB_Max>, <EVMPilot_PCT_Min>,<EVMPilot_PCT_Avg>,<EVMPilot_PCT_Max>, <MER_Min>,<MER_Avg>,<MER_Max>, <I/QOffset_Min>,<I/ QOffset_Avg>,<I/QOffset_Max>, <GainImbalance_Min>,<GainImbalance_Avg>,<GainImbalance_Max>, <QuadError_Min>,<QuadError_Avg>,<QuadError_Max>, <FreqErr_Min>,<FreqErr_Avg>,<FreqErr_Max>, <SampleClockErr_Min>,<SampleClockErr_Avg>,<SampleClockErr_Max>, <FramePower_Min>,<FramePower_Avg>,<FramePower_Max>, <CrestFactor_Min>,<CrestFactor_Avg>,<CrestFactor_Max>,
Comma-separated list with 3 statistical values for each result.
FETC:SUMM:ALL?
//-34.6742,-34.6742,-34.6742, //1.84624,1.84624,1.84624, //-34.5875,-34.5875,-34.5875, //1.86477,1.86477,1.86477, //-35.5229,-35.5229,-35.5229, //1.67439,1.67439,1.67439, //34.6742,34.6742,34.6742, //-75.106,-75.106,-75.106, //0.00573547,0.00573547,0.00573547, //-0.0159425,-0.0159425,-0.0159425, //0.272241,0.272241,0.272241, //0.219516,0.219516,0.219516, //-23.1036,-23.1036,-23.1036, //9.84252,9.84252,9.84252
Query only
See "Result Summary" on page 28
FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:PCT[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MINimum?
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FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL]:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL]:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL][:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MAXimum? FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MINimum? FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]? FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>:<statistic>
These commands return the average, maximum or minimum result of the specified parameter.
For details and an assignment of the parameters to the keywords see Chapter 2.1, "OFDM VSA Parameters", on page 10.
FETCh:TTFRame?
Retrieves the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the first OFDM frame.
Return values: <Time>
Example:
FETC:TTFR?
Usage:
Query only
Manual operation: See "Trigger to Sync" on page 30
8.7.2 Retrieving Signal Flow Results
The following commands are required to retrieve the results of the signal flow stages. See also "Signal Flow" on page 29
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FETCh:SFLow:FSYNc?.................................................................................................. 218 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:ALL?............................................................................................ 218 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:BDETection?................................................................................. 219 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:COMPensate?...............................................................................219 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:DESTimation?............................................................................... 219 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:EVMMeas?................................................................................... 220 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:FSYNc?........................................................................................ 220 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:MDETection?.................................................................................220 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:PESTimation?............................................................................... 221 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:TSYNc?........................................................................................ 221 FETCh:SFLow:TSYNc?.................................................................................................. 221
FETCh:SFLow:FSYNc?
This command returns the Frame Synchronisation value.
Return values: <Value>
Example:
FETC:SFL:FSYN?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:STATe:ALL?
Returns the state of the individual stages of the signal flow. The result is a comma-separated list of states, one for each stage. The stages are in the following order:
Burst Detection Time Sync Frame Sync Data-Aided Parameter estimation Modulation detection Pilot-aided parameter estimation Compensate EVM meas
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:ALL?
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Usage:
Query only
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FETCh:SFLow:STATe:BDETection?
Returns the state of the burst detection stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:BDET?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:STATe:COMPensate?
Returns the state of the compensation stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:COMP?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:STATe:DESTimation?
Returns the state of the data-aided parameter estimation stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:DEST?
Usage:
Query only
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FETCh:SFLow:STATe:EVMMeas?
Returns the state of the EVM measurement stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:EVMM?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:STATe:FSYNc?
Returns the state of the frame synchronization stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:FSYN?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:STATe:MDETection?
Returns the state of the modulation detection stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:MDET?
Usage:
Query only
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FETCh:SFLow:STATe:PESTimation?
Returns the state of the pilot-aided parameter estimation stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:PEST?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:STATe:TSYNc?
Returns the state of the time synchronization stage of the signal flow.
Return values: <Value>
0 Not successful
1 Successful
-1 Inactive
Example:
FETC:SFL:STAT:TSYN?
Usage:
Query only
FETCh:SFLow:TSYNc?
This command returns the Time Synchronisation value.
Return values: <Value>
Example:
FETC:SFL:TSYN?
Usage:
Query only
8.7.3 Retrieving Trace Data and Marker Values
In order to retrieve the trace and marker results in a remote environment, use the following commands: Useful commands for retrieving results described elsewhere: CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 191
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Remote commands exclusive to retrieving trace data and marker values:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y................................................................................. 222 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y:RELative?................................................................. 222 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Z?............................................................................... 223 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y........................................................................................ 223 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z?.......................................................................................223 FORMat[:DATA]............................................................................................................. 224 FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator........................................................................................ 224 FORMat:DEXPort:GRAPh...............................................................................................225 FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer..............................................................................................225 FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes............................................................................................. 225 MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe.........................................................................................226 TRACe<n>[:DATA]?....................................................................................................... 226 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X?.................................................................................................... 227 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y?.................................................................................................... 227 TRACe:IQ:DATA............................................................................................................ 228 TRACe:IQ:DATA:FORMat............................................................................................... 228 TRACe:IQ:DATA:MEMory?............................................................................................. 229
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y
Queries the result at the position of the specified delta marker.
Suffix:
.
<n>
1..n
<m>
1..n
Return values: <Result>
Result at the position of the delta marker. The unit is variable and depends on the one you have currently set.
Default unit: DBM
Manual operation:
See " Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109 See "Y-value" on page 110
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y:RELative?
Suffix:
.
<n>
<m>
Return values: <XValue>
Default unit: HZ
Usage:
Query only
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CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Z?
This command queries a delta marker's current position on the z-axis in a 3-dimensional diagram.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Marker
<m>
1..n Window
Return values: <Value>
Result at the position of the delta marker. The unit depends on the type of data displayed on the z-axis.
Usage:
Query only
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y
Queries the result at the position of the specified marker.
Suffix:
.
<n>
1..n
<m>
1..n
Return values: <Result>
Default unit: DBM
Manual operation:
See " Marker Table " on page 25 See " Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109 See "Y-value" on page 110
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z?
This command queries a marker's current position on the z-axis in a 3-dimensional diagram.
For Constellation diagrams, the result is the I/Q value pair for the marker position.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Marker
<m>
1..n Window
Return values: <Value>
Result at the position of the delta marker. The unit depends on the type of data displayed on the z-axis.
Usage:
Query only
Manual operation: See "Constellation Diagram" on page 15
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FORMat[:DATA] <Format>[, <BitLength>]
This command selects the data format that is used for transmission of trace data from the R&S VSE to the controlling computer.
Note that the command has no effect for data that you send to the R&S VSE. The R&S VSE automatically recognizes the data it receives, regardless of the format.
Parameters: <Format>
ASCii | REAL | UINT | MATLab
ASCii ASCii format, separated by commas. This format is almost always suitable, regardless of the actual data format. However, the data is not as compact as other formats may be.
REAL Floating-point numbers (according to IEEE 754) in the "definite length block format".
<BitLength>
16 | 32 | 64
Length in bits for floating-point results
16 16-bit floating-point numbers. Compared to REAL,32 format, half as many numbers are returned.
32 32-bit floating-point numbers For I/Q data, 8 bytes per sample are returned for this format setting.
64 64-bit floating-point numbers Compared to REAL,32 format, twice as many numbers are returned.
Example:
FORM REAL,32
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator <Separator>
This command selects the decimal separator for data exported in ASCII format.
Parameters: <Separator>
POINt | COMMa
COMMa Uses a comma as decimal separator, e.g. 4,05.
POINt Uses a point as decimal separator, e.g. 4.05.
*RST:
*RST has no effect on the decimal separator. Default is POINt.
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Example: Manual operation:
FORM:DEXP:DSEP POIN Sets the decimal point as separator.
See " Decimal Separator " on page 116
FORMat:DEXPort:GRAPh <State>
If enabled, all traces for the currently selected graphical result display are included in the export file.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0 Switches the function off
ON | 1 Switches the function on
*RST:
0
Manual operation: See " Export All Traces for Selected Graph " on page 116
FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer <State>
If enabled, additional instrument and measurement settings are included in the header of the export file for result data. If disabled, only the pure result data from the selected traces and tables is exported.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Parameters: <State>
ON | OFF | 0 | 1
*RST:
1
Manual operation: See " Include Instrument & Measurement Settings " on page 116
FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes <Selection>
This command selects the data to be included in a data export file (see MMEMory: STORe<n>:TRACe on page 226).
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Parameters: <Selection>
SINGle | ALL
SINGle Only a single trace is selected for export, namely the one specified by the MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe command.
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Manual operation:
ALL Selects all active traces and result tables (e.g. Result Summary, marker peak list etc.) in the current application for export to an ASCII file. The <trace> parameter for the MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe command is ignored.
*RST:
SINGle
See " Export all Traces and all Table Results " on page 116
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe <Trace>, <FileName>
This command exports trace data from the specified window to an ASCII file.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Suffix: <n>
. Window
Parameters: <Trace>
Number of the trace to be stored
<FileName>
String containing the path and name of the target file.
Example:
MMEM:STOR1:TRAC 1,'C:\TEST.ASC' Stores trace 1 from window 1 in the file TEST.ASC.
Manual operation: See " Export Trace to ASCII File " on page 117
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? <Trace>
This command returns the y-values of the trace data for the current measurement or result display.
For 3-dimensional displays, such as the Allocation Matrix, this command returns the data values for the third (z-) dimension.
For more information see Chapter 8.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command", on page 230.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Query parameters:
<Trace>
TRACe1 | TRACe2 | TRACe3 | TRACe4 | TRACe5 | TRACe6
Example:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Usage:
Query only
Manual operation: See "Allocation Matrix" on page 12
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TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? [<Trace>]
This command returns the x-values for the trace data in the selected result display.
For information on how many values are returned see Chapter 8.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command", on page 230.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Query parameters:
<Trace>
TRACe1 | TRACe2 | TRACe3 | TRACe4 | TRACe5 | TRACe6
Example: Example:
Usage: Manual operation:
TRAC2:DATA:X?
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Query only
See "Allocation Matrix" on page 12 See "CCDF" on page 14 See "Channel Flatness" on page 15 See "EVM vs Carrier" on page 19 See "EVM vs Symbol" on page 20 See "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 21 See "Group Delay" on page 22 See "Impulse Response" on page 23 See "Magnitude Capture" on page 24 See "Power vs Carrier" on page 25 See "Power vs Symbol" on page 26 See "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 27
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? [<Trace>]
This command returns the y-values for 3-dimensional trace data in the selected result display.
For information on how many values are returned see Chapter 8.7.4, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command", on page 230.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Suffix: <n>
. 1..n Window
Query parameters:
<Trace>
TRACe1 | TRACe2 | TRACe3 | TRACe4 | TRACe5 | TRACe6
Example:
TRAC2:DATA:Y?
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Example:
Usage: Manual operation:
See Chapter 8.10.1, "Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File", on page 241
Query only
See "Allocation Matrix" on page 12 See "EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 21 See "Power vs Symbol vs Carrier" on page 27
TRACe:IQ:DATA
This command initiates a measurement with the current settings and returns the captured data from I/Q measurements.
This command corresponds to:
INIT:IMM;*WAI;:TRACe:IQ:DATA:MEMory?
However, the TRACe:IQ:DATA? command is quicker in comparison.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
Return values: <Results>
Measured voltage for I and Q component for each sample that has been captured during the measurement.
Default unit: V
Example:
TRAC:IQ:STAT ON Enables acquisition of I/Q data TRAC:IQ:SET NORM,10MHz,32MHz,EXT,POS,0,4096 Measurement configuration: Sample Rate = 32 MHz Trigger Source = External Trigger Slope = Positive Pretrigger Samples = 0 Number of Samples = 4096 FORMat REAL,32 Selects format of response data TRAC:IQ:DATA? Starts measurement and reads results
TRACe:IQ:DATA:FORMat <Format>
This command selects the order of the I/Q data.
Parameters: <Format>
COMPatible | IQBLock | IQPair
COMPatible I and Q values are separated and collected in blocks: A block (512k) of I values is followed by a block (512k) of Q values, followed by a block of I values, followed by a block of Q values etc. (I,I,I,I,Q,Q,Q,Q,I,I,I,I,Q,Q,Q,Q...)
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IQBLock First all I-values are listed, then the Q-values (I,I,I,I,I,I,...Q,Q,Q,Q,Q,Q)
IQPair One pair of I/Q values after the other is listed (I,Q,I,Q,I,Q...).
*RST:
IQBL
TRACe:IQ:DATA:MEMory? [<OffsetSamples>,<NoOfSamples>]
This command queries the I/Q data currently stored in the capture buffer of the R&S VSE.
By default, the command returns all I/Q data in the memory. You can, however, narrow down the amount of data that the command returns using the optional parameters.
If no parameters are specified with the command, the entire trace data is retrieved; in this case, the command returns the same results as TRACe:IQ:DATA. (Note, however, that the TRAC:IQ:DATA? command initiates a new measurement before returning the captured values, rather than returning the existing data in the memory.)
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
The command returns a comma-separated list of the measured values in floating point format (comma-separated values = CSV). The number of values returned is 2 * the number of complex samples.
The total number of complex samples is displayed in the channel bar in manual operation and can be calculated as:
<SampleRate> * <CaptureTime>
Query parameters: <OffsetSamples>
Selects an offset at which the output of data should start in relation to the first data. If omitted, all captured samples are output, starting with the first sample.
Range: *RST:
0 to <# of samples> � 1, with <# of samples> being the maximum number of captured values 0
<NoOfSamples>
Number of samples you want to query, beginning at the offset you have defined. If omitted, all captured samples (starting at offset) are output.
Range: *RST:
1 to <# of samples> - <offset samples> with <# of samples> maximum number of captured values <# of samples>
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Return values: <IQData>
Example:
Usage:
Measured value pair (I,Q) for each sample that has been recorded. The data format of the individual values depends on FORMat[: DATA] on page 224.
Default unit: V
// Perform a single I/Q capture. INIT;*WAI // Determine output format (binary float32) FORMat REAL,32 // Read 1024 I/Q samples starting at sample 2048. TRAC:IQ:DATA:MEM? 2048,1024
Query only
8.7.4 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command
This chapter contains information on the TRACe:DATA command and a detailed description of the characteristics of that command.
The TRACe:DATA command queries the trace data or results of the currently active measurement or result display. The type, number and structure of the return values are specific for each result display. For results that have any kind of unit, the command returns the results in the unit you have currently set for that result display.
Trace data resulting from encrypted file input cannot be queried.
For several result displays, the command also supports various SCPI parameters in combination with the query. If available, each SCPI parameter returns a different aspect of the results. If SCPI parameters are supported, you have to quote one in the query.
Example: TRAC:DATA? TRACE1
The format of the return values is either in ASCII or binary characters and depends on the format you have set with FORMat[:DATA] on page 224.
Following this detailed description, you will find a short summary of the most important functions of the command (TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 226).
Allocation Matrix....................................................................................................231 Bitstream............................................................................................................... 231 CCDF.................................................................................................................... 231 Channel Flatness.................................................................................................. 231 Constellation Diagram...........................................................................................232 Constellation vs Carrier.........................................................................................232 Constellation vs Symbol........................................................................................233 EVM vs Carrier......................................................................................................233 EVM vs Symbol.....................................................................................................233 EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier.................................................................................... 234
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Frequency Error.................................................................................................... 234 Group Delay..........................................................................................................234 Impulse Response................................................................................................ 235 Magnitude Capture................................................................................................235 Power vs Carrier................................................................................................... 235 Power vs Symbol.................................................................................................. 236 Power vs Symbol vs Carrier..................................................................................236 Power Spectrum....................................................................................................236
8.7.4.1 Allocation Matrix
The values in the allocation matrix represent the modulation type for that symbol and carrier. Depending on the parameter, the modulation is provided in different formats.
TRACe<n>:DATA? TRACe1 returns the modulation indexes used for each symbol (column-wise from the matrix).
TRACe<n>:DATA? TRACe2 returns the modulation names used for each symbol (column-wise from the matrix).
To obtain a list of the symbols (corresponding to the x-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:X? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227. To obtain a list of the subcarriers (corresponding to the y-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:Y? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 227.
8.7.4.2 Bitstream
The command returns a demodulated data stream for the symbols in the currently analyzed result ranges in decimal format. Non-data cells, including the guard carriers, are indicated as "-1".
8.7.4.3 CCDF
The command returns the complementary cumulative probability distribution for each sample in the capture buffer, relative to the average power.
To obtain a list of the average power per sample, use TRACe<n>:DATA:X? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227.
8.7.4.4 Channel Flatness
The command returns the spectrum flatness as a list over all subcarriers. The list consists of one value for each trace point. <relative power>, ... The unit is always dB.
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The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the average power over all frames. TRACE2
Returns the minimum power found over all frames. TRACE3
Returns the maximum power found over all frames.
8.7.4.5 Constellation Diagram
The command returns two values (I/Q) for each constellation point, for each carrier, in each symbol, in each frame, as defined in the Allocation matrix.
<I[F0][Sym0][Carr1]>, <Q[F0][Sym0][Carr1]>, ..., <I[F0][Sym0][Carrn]>, <Q[F0][Sym0][Carrn]>, <I[F0][Sym1][Carr1]>, <Q[F0][Sym1][Carr1]>, ..., <I[F0][Sym1][Carrn]>, <Q[F0][Sym1][Carrn]>, <I[F0][Symn][Carr1]>, <Q[F0][Symn][Carr1]>, ..., <I[F0][Symn][Carrn]>, <Q[F0][Symn][Carrn]>, <I[F1][Sym0][Carr1]>, <Q[F1][Sym0][Carr1]>, ..., <I[F1][Sym0][Carrn]>, <Q[F1][Sym0][Carrn]>, <I[F1][Sym1][Carr1]>, <Q[F1][Sym1][Carr1]>, ..., <I[F1][Sym1][Carrn]>, <Q[F1][Sym1][Carrn]>, <I[Fn][Symn][Carr1]>, <Q[Fn][Symn][Carr1]>, ..., <I[Fn][Symn][Carrn]>, <Q[Fn][Symn][Carrn]>
Where: F = frame Sym = symbol of that subframe Carr = subcarrier in that symbol The I and Q values have no unit.
8.7.4.6 Constellation vs Carrier
The command returns one value (I or Q) for each constellation point, for each symbol, for each carrier, in each frame. Whether the I or Q values are returned depends on the parameter: TRACe1:DATA? TRACe1 returns I values TRACe1:DATA? TRACe2 returns Q values
Table 8-4: Results for TRACe1:DATA? TRACe1 <I[F0][Carr0][Sym0]>,<I[F0][Carr0][Sym1]>, ..., <I[F0][Carr0][Symn]>, <I[F0][Carr1[Sym0]]>,<I[F0][Carr1[Sym1]]> , ..., <I[F0][Carr1][Symn]>, <I[F0][Carrn][Sym0]>,<I[F0][Carrn][Sym1]> , ..., <I[F0][Carrn][Symn]>, <I[F1][Carr0][Sym0]>,<I[F1][Carr0][Sym1]> , ..., <I[F1][Carr0][Symn]>, <I[F1][Carr1][Sym0]>,<I[F1][Carr1][Sym1]> , ..., <I[F1][Carr1][Symn]>, <I[Fn][Carrn][Sym0]>,<I[Fn][Carrn][Sym1]> , ..., <I[Fn][Carrn][Symn]>
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Where: F = frame Carr = subcarrier in that frame Sym = symbol of that subcarrier The I and Q values have no unit.
To obtain a list of the subcarriers (corresponding to the x-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:X? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227. Example for a result length of 4, FFT size = 64: -32,-32,-32-,32,-31,-31,-31,-31,-30,-30,-30,-30, ... ,+30,+30,+30,+30,+31,+31,+31,+31
8.7.4.7 Constellation vs Symbol
The command returns one value (I or Q) for each constellation point, for each carrier, in each symbol, in each frame, in the same order as for the common Constellation diagram. Whether the I or Q values are returned depends on the parameter: TRACe1:DATA? TRACe1 returns I values TRACe1:DATA? TRACe2 returns Q values The I and Q values have no unit.
To obtain a list of the symbols (corresponding to the x-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:X? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227. Example for a result length of 4: 0,0,0,0, ... ,0,1,1,1,1, ... , 1,2,2,2,2, ... ,2,3,3,3,3 ... , 3
8.7.4.8 EVM vs Carrier
The command returns one value for each carrier that has been analyzed. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the average EVM over all symbols. TRACE2
Returns the minimum EVM found over all symbols. TRACE3
Returns the maximum EVM found over all symbols.
8.7.4.9 EVM vs Symbol
The command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
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Returns the average EVM over all carriers. TRACE2
Returns the minimum EVM found over all carriers. TRACE3
Returns the maximum EVM found over all carriers.
8.7.4.10 EVM vs Symbol vs Carrier
The command returns one value for each OFDM cell.
<[F0][Symb0][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F0][Symb0][Carrier(n)]>, <[F0][Symb1][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F0][Symb1][Carrier(n)]>, <[F0][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F0][Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>, <[F1][Symb0][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F1][Symb0][Carrier(n)]>, <[F1][Symb1][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F1][Symb1][Carrier(n)]>, <[F(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>
With F = frame and Symb = symbol of that subframe. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the EVM over all carriers.
To obtain a list of the symbols (corresponding to the x-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:X? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227. To obtain a list of the subcarriers (corresponding to the y-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:Y? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 227.
8.7.4.11 Frequency Error
The command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed. <frequency error>,... The unit is always Hz. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
8.7.4.12 Group Delay
The command returns one value for each trace point. <group delay>, ... The unit is always ns. The following parameters are supported.
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TRACE1 Returns the average group delay over all frames.
TRACE2 Returns the minimum group delay found over all frames.
TRACE3 Returns the maximum group delay found over all frames.
8.7.4.13 Impulse Response
The command returns one value for each trace point. <impulse response>, ... The channel impulse response is the inverse FFT of the estimated channel transfer function. The time axis spans one FFT interval. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the average impulse response over all frames. TRACE2
Returns the minimum impulse response found over all frames. TRACE3
Returns the maximum impulse response found over all frames.
8.7.4.14 Magnitude Capture
The command returns one value for each I/Q sample in the capture buffer. <absolute power>, ... The unit is always dBm. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
8.7.4.15 Power vs Carrier
The command returns one value for each carrier that has been analyzed. <power>,... The unit is always dBm. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the average power over all symbols. TRACE2
Returns the minimum power found over all symbols. TRACE3
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Returns the maximum power found over all symbols.
8.7.4.16 Power vs Symbol
The command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed. <power>,... The unit is always dBm. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the average power over all carriers. TRACE2
Returns the minimum power found over all carriers. TRACE3
Returns the maximum power found over all carriers.
8.7.4.17 Power vs Symbol vs Carrier
The command returns one value for each OFDM cell.
<[F0][Symb0][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F0][Symb0][Carrier(n)]>, <[F0][Symb1][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F0][Symb1][Carrier(n)]>, <[F0][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F0][Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>, <[F1][Symb0][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F1][Symb0][Carrier(n)]>, <[F1][Symb1][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F1][Symb1][Carrier(n)]>, <[F(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, ..., <[F(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>
With F = frame and Symb = symbol of that subframe. The unit depends on is always dBm. The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Returns the power over all carriers.
To obtain a list of the symbols (corresponding to the x-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:X? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 227. To obtain a list of the subcarriers (corresponding to the y-axis in the matrix), use TRACe<n>:DATA:Y? TRACe1, see TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 227.
8.7.4.18 Power Spectrum
The command returns one value for each trace point. <power>,... The unit is always dBm/Hz.
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The following parameters are supported. TRACE1
Remote Commands for OFDM VSA Status Reporting System
8.8 Status Reporting System
The status reporting system stores all information on the current operating state of the instrument, e.g. information on errors or limit violations which have occurred. This information is stored in the status registers and in the error queue. The status registers and the error queue can be queried via IEC bus. In this section, only the status registers/bits specific to the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application are described. For details on the common R&S VSE status registers refer to the description of remote control basics in the R&S VSE User Manual.
*RST does not influence the status registers.
Description of the Status Registers
In addition to the registers provided by the base system, the following register is used in the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
The STATus:QUEStionable register "sums up" the information from all subregisters (e.g. bit 11 sums up the information for all STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC registers). For some subregisters, there may be separate registers for each active channel. Thus, if a status bit in the STATus:QUEStionable register indicates an error, the error may have occurred in any of the channel-specific subregisters. In this case, you must check the subregister of each channel to determine which channel caused the error. By default, querying the status of a subregister always returns the result for the currently selected channel.
This register contains application-specific information about synchronization errors or errors during burst detection for each window in each OFDM VSA channel. It can be queried with commands STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:CONDition? on page 238 and STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC[:EVENt]? on page 238.
Table 8-5: Status error bits in STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC register for the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application
Bit
Definition
0
Not used.
1
Sync not found
This bit is set if synchronization failed.
2 to 14
Not used.
15
This bit is always 0.
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Remote Commands for OFDM VSA Status Reporting System
The following commands query the contents of the individual status registers.
STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:CONDition?........................................................................238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC[:EVENt]?............................................................................238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:ENABle..............................................................................238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:NTRansition....................................................................... 238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:PTRansition....................................................................... 239
STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:CONDition? <ChannelName>
This command reads out the CONDition section of the status register.
The command does not delete the contents of the EVENt section.
Query parameters: <ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The parameter is optional. If you omit it, the command works for the currently active channel.
Usage:
Query only
STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC[:EVENt]? <ChannelName>
This command reads out the EVENt section of the status register.
The command also deletes the contents of the EVENt section.
Query parameters: <ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The parameter is optional. If you omit it, the command works for the currently active channel.
Usage:
Query only
STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:ENABle <BitDefinition>, <ChannelName>
This command controls the ENABle part of a register.
The ENABle part allows true conditions in the EVENt part of the status register to be reported in the summary bit. If a bit is 1 in the enable register and its associated event bit transitions to true, a positive transition will occur in the summary bit reported to the next higher level.
Parameters: <BitDefinition>
Range: 0 to 65535
<ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The parameter is optional. If you omit it, the command works for the currently active channel.
STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:NTRansition <BitDefinition>[,<ChannelName>] This command controls the Negative TRansition part of a register.
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Remote Commands for OFDM VSA Deprecated Commands
Setting a bit causes a 1 to 0 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated register. The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register.
Parameters: <BitDefinition>
Range: 0 to 65535
<ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The parameter is optional. If you omit it, the command works for the currently active channel.
STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:PTRansition <BitDefinition>[,<ChannelName>]
These commands control the Positive TRansition part of a register.
Setting a bit causes a 0 to 1 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated register. The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register.
Parameters: <BitDefinition>
Range: 0 to 65535
<ChannelName>
String containing the name of the channel. The parameter is optional. If you omit it, the command works for the currently active channel.
8.9 Deprecated Commands
Note that the following commands are maintained for compatibility reasons only. Use the specified alternative commands for new remote control programs.
Note that this command is maintained for compatibility reasons only. Use the LAYout commands for new remote control programs (see Chapter 8.6.2, "Working with Windows in the Display", on page 207).
CALCulate<n>:FEED <ResultDisplay>
This command selects the result display.
Note that this command is maintained for compatibility reasons only. Use the LAYout commands for new remote control programs (see Chapter 8.6.2, "Working with Windows in the Display", on page 207).
Suffix: <n>
. Window
Parameters for setting and query:
<ResultDisplay>
String containing a short form of the result display.
'POW:PVSC' (Power vs Symbol X Carrier)
'POW:PVCA' (Power vs Carrier)
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Remote Commands for OFDM VSA
Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
'POW:PVSY' (Power vs Symbol) 'POW:CBUF' (Capture Buffer) 'POW:PSPE' (Power Spectrum) 'EVM:EVSC' (EVM vs Symbol X Carrier) 'EVM:EVCA' (EVM vs Carrier) 'EVM:EVSY' (EVM vs Symbol) 'EVM:FERR' (Frequency Error) 'EVM:PERR' (Phase Error) 'CHAN:FLAT' (Channel Flatness) 'CHAN:GDEL' (Group Delay) 'CHAN:IRES' (Impulse Response) 'CONS:CONS' (Constellation Diagram) 'CONS:CVCA' (Constellation vs Carrier) 'CONS:CVSY' (Constellation vs Symbol) 'STAT:CCDF' (CCDF) 'STAT:SFLO' (Signal Flow)
CALC2:FEED 'POW:CBUF' Selects the Capture Buffer result display for screen B.
8.10 Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
The following examples demonstrate how to perform OFDM vector signal analysis in a remote environment. They use I/Q data from the demo files provided with the R&S VSE software as input.
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Remote Commands for OFDM VSA Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
Note that some of the used commands may not be necessary as they define default values, but are included to demonstrate their use.
8.10.1 Example 1: Analysis using a Predefined Configuration File
This example uses input from the demo file WlanA_64QAM.iq.tar and the configuration file WlanA_64QAM.xml, which are both provided in the directory: C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\VSE\<version_no>\user\OFDM-VSA\. Note: You must insert the correct path for your installation before executing this script.
//-----------Preparing the measurement channel -----------//Reset the software *RST DEVice:DELete:ALL
//Create OFDM VSA channel as replacement for default I/Q Analyzer channel INST:CRE:REPL 'IQ Analyzer',OFDMVSA,'MyOFDMVSA'
//Load I/Q data file for input //Assign the file as input source for channel 1 INST:BLOC:CHAN:SETT:SOUR FILE
//Select file to load - insert correct path! Analysis bandwidth = 16 MHz INST:BLOC:CHAN:SETT:FILE:IQT 'WlanA_64QAM.iq.tar', 16000000
//--------------Configuring the OFDM signal -------------//Use the provided sample file - insert correct path! MMEM:LOAD:CFGF 'WlanA_64QAM.xml'
//--------------Configuring data acquisition-------------//Capture 40000 samples with a sample rate of 20 MHz SWE:LENG 40000 TRAC:IQ:SRAT 20000000
//Enable burst search DEM:FORM:BURS ON //Max 1 frame to be demodulated, result length = 100 symbols per frame DEM:FORM:MAXF 1 DEM:FORM:NOFS 100
//--------------Configuring synchronization, tracking, demodulation //Time synchronization using cp DEM:TSYN CP //Enable phase tracking and channel comp., disable timing and level tracking SENS:TRAC:TIME OFF SENS:TRAC:PHAS ON SENS:TRAC:LEV OFF SENS:COMP:CHAN ON //FFT shift relative to cp length: 0.5
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DEM:FFTS 0.5
//---------------Configuring Results // Default displays: //1: Magnitude Capture 3: Power Spectrum //2: Result Summary 4: Constellation
//Replace power spectrum by Power vs. symbol vs. carrier LAY:REPL:WIND '3',PSC
//Normalize EVM to Peak Pilots and Data DEM:EVMC:NORM PPD
//Filter constellation - show only data symbols with 64QAM mod. CONF:FILT4:MOD:TYPE DATA CONF:FILT4:MOD '64QAM'
//--------------Performing the Measurement----//Select single sweep mode. INIT:CONT OFF
//Initiate a new measurement and wait until the sweep has finished. INIT:IMM;*OPC?
//---------------Retrieving Results------------//Query frame burst count and length (1 frame, 40 symbols) FETC:BURS:COUN? FETC:BURS:LENG?
//Query max. EVM of data symbols FETC:SUMM:EVM:DATA:MAX?
//Query the state of the individual signal flow stages FETC:SFL:STAT:ALL?
//Retrieve trace data for power vs symbol vs carrier diagram TRAC3:DATA:X? TRACe1 TRAC3:DATA:Y? TRACe1 TRAC3:DATA? TRACe1
//Retrieve trace data for filtered constellation diagram TRAC4:DATA? TRACE1
8.10.2 Example 2: Analysis with Manual Signal Description
This signal uses input from the demo file WLANac_64QAM_20MHz_ShortCP.iq.tar. Note: You must insert the correct path for your installation before executing this script.
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Remote Commands for OFDM VSA Programming Examples: OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
//-----------Preparing the measurement channel -----------//Reset the software *RST DEVice:DELete:ALL
//Create a second OFDM VSA channel INST:CRE:NEW OFDMVSA,'ManualOFDMVSA'
//Load I/Q data file for input //Assign the file as input source for channel 'ManualOFDMVSA' INST:SEL 'ManualOFDMVSA' INST:BLOC:CHAN:SETT:SOUR FILE
//Select file to load - insert correct path! Analysis bandwidth = 16 MHz INST:BLOC:CHAN:SETT:FILE:IQT 'WLANac_64QAM_20MHz_ShortCP.iq.tar', 16000000
//--------------Configuring the OFDM signal -------------//Define 64 subcarriers CONF:SYMB:NFFT 64 //Non-conventional, non-periodic cyclic prefixes; //Range 1 (10 symbols): 16 samples //Range 2 (all other symbols): 8 samples CONF:GUAR:MODE GU2 CONF:GUAR:PER OFF CONF:GUAR1:NSYM 10 CONF:SYMB:NGU1 16 CONF:SYMB:NGU2 8 //Preamble of 16 samples; frame starts at -560 samples CONF:PRE:BLEN 16 CONF:PRE:FOFF -560
//--------------Configuring data acquisition-------------//Capture 43680 samples with a sample rate of 20 MHz SWE:LENG 43680 TRAC:IQ:SRAT 20000000 //Apply a channel filter with 6-dB bw = 15 MHz, 50-dB bw = 20 MHz INP:FILT:CHAN ON INP:FILT:CHAN:SDBB 15000000 INP:FILT:CHAN:FDBB 20000000
//Enable burst search DEM:FORM:BURS ON //Max 1 frame to be demodulated, result length = 100 symbols per frame DEM:FORM:MAXF 1 DEM:FORM:NOFS 100
//---------------Configuring Results // Default displays: //1: Magnitude Capture 3: Power Spectrum //2: Result Summary 4: Constellation
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//--------------Performing the Measurement----//Select single sweep mode. INIT:CONT OFF
//Initiate a new measurement and wait until the sweep has finished. INIT:IMM;*OPC?
//---------------Retrieving Results------------//Query frame burst count and length (1 frame, 40 symbols) FETC:BURS:COUN? FETC:BURS:LENG?
//Query the state of the individual signal flow stages FETC:SFL:STAT:ALL?
//Retrieve trace data for capture buffer TRAC1:DATA:X? TRACe1 TRAC1:DATA? TRACe1
After the signal has been demodulated correctly, you can use the configuration to create a new configuration file with the interactive wizard. See Chapter 5, "Creating a Configuration File Using the Wizard", on page 78.
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Annex
Annex
A Menu Reference................................................................................. 247 B Reference of Toolbar Functions....................................................... 252 C Formulae............................................................................................. 256
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Annex
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Menu Reference Common R&S VSE Menus
A Menu Reference
Most functions in the R&S VSE are available from the menus. Common R&S VSE Menus................................................................................... 247 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Menus................................................................... 249
A.1 Common R&S VSE Menus
The following menus provide basic functions for all applications: File Menu.............................................................................................................. 247 Window Menu....................................................................................................... 248 Help Menu.............................................................................................................249
A.1.1 File Menu
The "File" menu includes all functionality directly related to any file operations, printing or setting up general parameters.
Menu item Save
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
Saves the current software configuration to a file
Recall
Recalls a saved software configuration from a file
Save IQ Recording
-
Recall IQ Recording -
Measurement Group > -
> New Group
-
> Rename Group
-
> New Measurement Channel
> Replace Measure- ment Channel
> Rename Measure- ment Channel
> Delete Current Mea- surement Channel
> Measurement Group Setup
Saves the recorded I/Q data from a measurement channel to a file Loads the recorded I/Q data from a file Configures measurement channels and groups Inserts a new group in the measurement sequence Changes the name of the selected group Inserts a new channel in the selected group
Replaces the currently selected channel by the selected application. Changes the name of the selected channel.
Deletes the currently selected channel.
Displays the "Measurement Group Setup" tool window.
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Menu Reference Common R&S VSE Menus
Menu item
Instruments >
> New > Search > Delete All > Setup Preset > > Selected Channel
> All
> All & Delete Instruments > Reset VSE Layout
Preferences > > General > Displayed Items > Theme & Color > Network & Remote
> Recording Print Exit
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
-
Configures instruments to be used for input to the R&S VSE soft-
ware
-
Creates a new instrument configuration
-
Searches for connected instruments in the network
-
Deletes all current instrument configurations
-
Hides or displays the "Instrument" tool window
-
Restores stored settings
-
Restores the default software configuration for an individual
channel
-
Restores the default software configuration globally for the entire
software
Restores the default software configuration globally for the entire software and deletes all instrument configurations
-
Restores the default layout of windows, toolbars etc. in the
R&S VSE
-
Configures global software settings
-
-
Hides or shows individual screen elements
-
Configures the style of individual screen elements
-
Configures the network settings and remote access to or from
other devices
-
Configures general recording parameters
-
Opens "Print" dialog to print selected measurement results
-
Closes the R&S VSE
A.1.2 Window Menu
The "Window" menu allows you to hide or show individual windows.
Menu item
Player Instruments Measurement Group Setup New Window >
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
-
Displays the "Player" tool window to recall I/Q data recordings
-
Displays the "Instruments" window to configure input instruments
-
Displays the "Measurement Group Setup" window to configure a
measurement sequence
Inserts a new result display window for the selected measurement channel
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Menu Reference OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Menus
Menu item
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
Channel Information > -
Displays the channel bar with global channel information for the selected measurement channel
Active Windows >
-
Selects a result display as the active window; the corresponding channel is also activated
A.1.3 Help Menu
The "Help" menu provides access to help, support and licensing functions.
Menu item Help
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
Opens the Online help window
License
-
Support
-
Register VSE
-
Online Support
-
About
-
Licensing, version and options information
Support functions
Attempts to create an email with the default mail program (if available) to the Rohde & Schwarz support address for registration.
Opens the default web browser and attempts to establish an Internet connection to the Rohde & Schwarz product site.
Software version information
A.2 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Menus
The following menus are only available if a OFDM Vector Signal Analysis channel is selected. Edit Menu..............................................................................................................249 Input & Output Menu.............................................................................................250 Meas Setup Menu.................................................................................................250 Trace Menu........................................................................................................... 251 Marker Menu......................................................................................................... 251 Limits Menu...........................................................................................................251
A.2.1 Edit Menu
The "Edit" menu contains functions for processing the temporarily stored current measurement results.
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Menu Reference OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Menus
Menu item Results Export Copy to Clipboard
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
-
Stores the currently selected results in the active window to an
ASCII file.
See Chapter 6.7, "Trace / Data Export Configuration", on page 115.
-
Copies the graphical measurement results (ASCII data) to the
Windows clipboard for further processing.
A.2.2 Input & Output Menu
The "Input & Output" menu provides functions to configure the input source, frontend parameters and output settings for the measurement.
This menu is application-specific.
Table A-1: "Input" menu items for OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
Menu item
Description
Amplitude
Chapter 4.3.3, "Amplitude Settings", on page 59
Scale
Chapter 6.4, "Y-Scaling", on page 106
Frequency
Chapter 4.3.2, "Frequency Settings", on page 58
Trigger
Chapter 4.4, "Trigger Settings", on page 63
Input Source
Chapter 4.3, "Input and Frontend Settings", on page 48
Output
-
A.2.3 Meas Setup Menu
The "Meas Setup" menu provides access to most measurement-specific settings, as well as bandwidth, sweep and auto configuration settings, and the configuration "Overview" window.
This menu is application-specific.
Table A-2: "Meas Setup" menu items for OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
Menu item
Description
Signal Description
Chapter 4.2, "Signal Description", on page 44
Input/Frontend
Chapter 4.3, "Input and Frontend Settings", on page 48
Data Acquisition
Chapter 4.5, "Data Acquisition", on page 66
Burst Search
Chapter 4.6, "Burst Search", on page 70
Result Range
Chapter 4.7, "Result Ranges", on page 71
Sync/Demod/Tracking
Chapter 4.8, "Synchronization, Demodulation and Tracking", on page 71
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Menu Reference OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Menus
Menu item Result Configuration Overview
Description Chapter 6.1, "Result Configuration", on page 102 Chapter 4.1, "Configuration Overview", on page 42
A.2.4 Trace Menu
The "Trace" menu provides access to trace-specific functions.
See Chapter 6.6, "Trace Settings", on page 113
This menu is application-specific.
Table A-3: "Trace" menu items for OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
Menu item
Description
Trace <x>
Selects the corresponding trace for configuration. The currently selected trace is highlighted blue
Trace ...
Opens the "Traces" configuration dialog box
A.2.5 Marker Menu
The "Marker" menu provides access to marker-specific functions.
This menu is application-specific.
Table A-4: "Marker" menu items for OFDM Vector Signal Analysis
Menu item
Correspond- Description ing icon in toolbar
Select marker <x>
" Marker 1 / Delta Marker 1 / Delta Marker 2 / Delta Marker 16 " on page 109
Marker to Trace
-
" Assigning the Marker to a Trace " on page 111
All Markers Off
" All Markers Off " on page 111
Marker
Chapter 6.5.1, "Individual Marker Settings", on page 108
Search
Chapter 6.5.2, "General Marker Settings", on page 111
A.2.6 Limits Menu
The "Limits" menu is not used by the R&S VSE OFDM VSA application.
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Reference of Toolbar Functions
B Reference of Toolbar Functions
Common functions can be performed via the icons in the toolbars. Individual toolbars can be hidden or displayed.
Hiding and displaying a toolbar 1. Right-click any toolbar or the menu bar.
A context menu with a list of all available toolbars is displayed. 2. Select the toolbar you want to hide or display.
A checkmark indicates that the toolbar is currently displayed. The toolbar is toggled on or off.
Note that some icons are only available for specific applications. Those functions are described in the individual application's User Manual.
General toolbars The following functions are generally available for all applications:
"Main" toolbar
Table B-1: Functions in the "Main" toolbar
Icon
Description
Overview: Displays the configuration overview for the current measurement channel
Save: Saves the current software configuration to a file
Recall: Recalls a saved software configuration from a file
Save I/Q recording: Stores the recorded I/Q data to a file
Recall I/Q recording: Loads recorded I/Q data from a file Print immediately: prints the current display (screenshot) as configured
Add Window: Inserts a new result display window for the selected measurement channel
MultiView mode: displays windows for all active measurement channels (disabled: only windows for currently selected channel are displayed)
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Reference of Toolbar Functions
"Control" toolbar
Table B-2: Functions in the "Control" toolbar
Icon
Description
Selects the currently active channel
Capture: performs the selected measurement
Pause: temporarily stops the current measurement Continuous: toggles to continuous measurement mode for next capture
Single: toggles to single measurement mode for next capture
Record: performs the selected measurement and records the captured data and results Refresh: Repeats the evaluation of the data currently in the capture buffer without capturing new data (VSA application only).
"Help" toolbar
Table B-3: Functions in the "Help" toolbar
Icon
Description
Help (+ Select): allows you to select an object for which context-specific help is displayed (not available in standard Windows dialog boxes or measurement result windows)
Help: displays context-sensitive help topic for currently selected element
Application-specific toolbars
The following toolbars are application-specific; not all functions shown here may be available in each application:
"Zoom" toolbar
Table B-4: Functions in the "Zoom" toolbar
Icon
Description
Normal mouse mode: the cursor can be used to select (and move) markers in a zoomed display
Zoom mode: displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to define the zoom area
Multiple zoom mode: multiple zoom areas can be defined for the same diagram
Zoom off: displays the diagram in its original size
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Reference of Toolbar Functions
Table B-5: Functions in the "Marker" toolbar
Icon
Description
Place new marker
Percent Marker (CCDF only)
%
Select marker
Marker type "normal" Marker type "delta" Global peak Absolute peak (Currently only for GSM application) Next peak to the left Next peak to the right Next peak up (for spectrograms only: search in more recent frames) Next peak down (for spectrograms only: search in previous frames) Global minimum Next minimum left Next minimum right Next min up (for spectrograms only: search in more recent frames) Next min down (for spectrograms only: search in previous frames) Set marker value to center frequency Set reference level to marker value All markers off Marker search configuration Marker configuration
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Reference of Toolbar Functions
Table B-6: Functions in the "AutoSet" toolbar
Icon
Description
Refresh measurement results (R&S VSE VSA and OFDM VSA applications only)
Auto level
Auto frequency
Auto trigger (R&S VSE GSM application only) Auto frame (R&S VSE GSM application only) Auto search (R&S VSE 3GPP FDD application only) Auto scale (R&S VSE 3GPP FDD + Pulse applications only) Auto scale all (R&S VSE 3GPP FDD + Pulse applications only) Auto all
Configure auto settings
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C Formulae
Formulae Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
C.1 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
The EVM of a cell (symbol number l, carrier number k) is defined as
EVM l,k
rl,k al,k 2 Pnorm
where
rl,k is the received symbol point in the complex plane of symbol number l and carrier number k. The received symbol point is compensated by phase and clock errors as well as channel transfer function according to the user settings.
al,k is the ideal symbol point in the complex plane of symbol number l and carrier number k. Pnorm is a normalization value that can be set in four different ways
Normalize EVM to RMS Pilots & Data
Pnorm
N
pilot
1
Ndata
al,k l , kPilot , Data
2
RMS Data
1
Ndata
al,k l,kData
2
RMS Pilots
1
N pilot
al,k l,kPilot
2
Peak Pilots & Data
max l , kPilot , Data
al,k
2
Peak Data
max l,kData
al,k
2
Peak Pilots
max l,kPilot
al,k
2
None
1.0
Npilot is the number of pilot cells Ndata is the number of data cells
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Formulae I/Q Impairments
C.2 I/Q Impairments
The I/Q imbalance can be written as
rt GI st j GQ st
where s(t) is the transmit signal, r(t) is the received signal, and GI and GQ are the weighting factors.
Variable GI GQ
Meaning Gain I-branch Gain Q-branch
Definition from Transmitter Model 1
1 Q
(complex)
Gain-Imbalance 20 log
GQ GI
dB
Quadrature-Error
arctan
Im
GQ
Re GQ
180o
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List of Remote Commands (OFDM VSA)
List of Remote Commands (OFDM VSA)
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer......................................................................................... 178 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer.......................................................................................... 179 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation.............................................................................................. 177 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:LEVel:DURation:MODE...................................................................................178 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:TRIGger...........................................................................................................179 [SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel.................................................................................................................................. 179 [SENSe:]COMPensate:CHANnel...................................................................................................................173 [SENSe:]DEMod:CDD................................................................................................................................... 173 [SENSe:]DEMod:COFFset.............................................................................................................................174 [SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:FAVerage............................................................................................................180 [SENSe:]DEMod:EVMCalc:NORMalize.........................................................................................................180 [SENSe:]DEMod:FFTShift............................................................................................................................. 174 [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:BURSt..................................................................................................................172 [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:MAXFrames.........................................................................................................172 [SENSe:]DEMod:FORMat:NOFSymbols....................................................................................................... 172 [SENSe:]DEMod:FSYNc................................................................................................................................174 [SENSe:]DEMod:MDETect.............................................................................................................................175 [SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:FRAMe............................................................................................................ 175 [SENSe:]DEMod:THReshold:TIME................................................................................................................175 [SENSe:]DEMod:TSYNc................................................................................................................................176 [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer....................................................................................................................... 156 [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP.............................................................................................................156 [SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP:AUTO..................................................................................................157 [SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet....................................................................................................................... 157 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:BIAS:HIGH..................................................................................................................... 148 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:BIAS[:LOW].................................................................................................................... 148 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:HANDover..................................................................................................149 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:STARt.........................................................................................................150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:FREQuency:STOP......................................................................................................... 150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:BAND........................................................................................................... 150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:BAND:PRESet..............................................................................................150 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:HIGH:STATe................................................................................................. 151 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:HIGH[:VALue]...............................................................................................151 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic:TYPE............................................................................................................ 152 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:HARMonic[:LOW]........................................................................................................... 152 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOPower.........................................................................................................................149 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:HIGH.................................................................................................................... 152 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:TABLe:HIGH........................................................................................................ 153 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS:TABLe[:LOW]....................................................................................................... 153 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:LOSS[:LOW]...................................................................................................................153 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:PORTs............................................................................................................................ 154 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>:RFOVerrange[:STATe].................................................................................................... 154 [SENSe:]MIXer<x>[:STATe]........................................................................................................................... 148 [SENSe:]SWAPiq........................................................................................................................................... 169 [SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt............................................................................................................................... 170 [SENSe:]SWEep:LENGth.............................................................................................................................. 170 [SENSe:]SWEep:TIME.................................................................................................................................. 170
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CALCulate<n>:BITStream:FORMat...............................................................................................................181 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:AOFF.......................................................................................................192 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:LINK........................................................................................................ 192 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:APEak....................................................................................196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:LEFT...................................................................................... 196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:NEXT..................................................................................... 196 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt.....................................................................................197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK]................................................................................... 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:LEFT....................................................................................... 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:NEXT...................................................................................... 197 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum:RIGHt...................................................................................... 198 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MINimum[:PEAK].................................................................................... 198 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence........................................................................................... 193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:TRACe.....................................................................................................194 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:X.............................................................................................................. 194 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y.............................................................................................................. 222 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Y:RELative?.............................................................................................222 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:Z?............................................................................................................ 223 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe].................................................................................................... 193 CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md>......................................................................... 193 CALCulate<n>:FEED.....................................................................................................................................239 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF............................................................................................................... 190 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:APEak............................................................................................ 198 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:LEFT.............................................................................................. 198 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:NEXT............................................................................................. 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum:RIGHt............................................................................................. 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MAXimum[:PEAK]........................................................................................... 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:LEFT............................................................................................... 199 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:NEXT...............................................................................................200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum:RIGHt.............................................................................................. 200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:MINimum[:PEAK].............................................................................................200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:SEARch........................................................................................................... 200 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe.............................................................................................................191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X...................................................................................................................... 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y...................................................................................................................... 223 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Z?.................................................................................................................... 223 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe]............................................................................................................ 191 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<ms>:LINK:TO:MARKer<md>................................................................................. 190 CALCulate<n>:TRACe<t>[:VALue]................................................................................................................188 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:CARRier.................................................................................................................... 181 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation................................................................................................................181 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:MODulation:TYPE..................................................................................................... 182 CONFigure:FILTer<n>:SYMBol......................................................................................................................182 CONFigure:PREamble:BLENgth................................................................................................................... 127 CONFigure:PREamble:FOFFset................................................................................................................... 127 CONFigure:SYSTem:CFILe........................................................................................................................... 130 CONFigure:TPRecoding................................................................................................................................ 127 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:MODE............................................................................................................128 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:NSYMbols<cp>............................................................................................. 128 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:GUARd:PERiodic........................................................................................................129
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CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NFFT...........................................................................................................................129 CONFigure[:SYMBol]:NGUard<cp>...............................................................................................................130 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe]......................................................................................................... 195 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle..................................................................................................................... 195 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE.....................................................................................................188 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]...............................................................................................183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO....................................................................................183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO ONCE........................................................................ 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum............................................................................. 183 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum.............................................................................. 184 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision.............................................................................. 184 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant>.........................................................................157 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel<ant>:OFFSet........................................................... 158 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition............................................................................. 184 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue...................................................185 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe]..................................................................... 189 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:AREA.............................................................................. 201 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:MULTiple<zn>:AREA...................................................... 202 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM:MULTiple<zn>[:STATe]................................................... 204 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:ZOOM[:STATe]........................................................................... 202 FETCh:BURSt:COUNt?................................................................................................................................. 214 FETCh:BURSt:LENGths?.............................................................................................................................. 215 FETCh:BURSt:STARts?................................................................................................................................ 215 FETCh:SFLow:FSYNc?................................................................................................................................. 218 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:ALL?...........................................................................................................................218 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:BDETection?.............................................................................................................. 219 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:COMPensate?........................................................................................................... 219 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:DESTimation?............................................................................................................ 219 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:EVMMeas?................................................................................................................ 220 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:FSYNc?......................................................................................................................220 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:MDETection?..............................................................................................................220 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:PESTimation?............................................................................................................ 221 FETCh:SFLow:STATe:TSYNc?......................................................................................................................221 FETCh:SFLow:TSYNc?................................................................................................................................. 221 FETCh:SUMM:<parameter>:<statistic>.........................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt:MAXimum?........................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt:MINimum?............................................................................................................ 216 FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]?.......................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA:MAXimum?.................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA:MINimum?..................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:DATA[:AVERage]?................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:MAXimum?.....................................................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:MINimum?...................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot:PCT[:AVERage]?............................................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PILot[:AVERage]?....................................................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MAXimum?.....................................................................................................216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MINimum?...................................................................................................... 216 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT:MAXimum?............................................................................................. 217 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT:MINimum?.............................................................................................. 217 FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:PCT[:AVERage]?............................................................................................217
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FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]?....................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MAXimum?......................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MINimum?.......................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]?........................................................................................................ 217 FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MAXimum?.................................................................................................. 217 FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MINimum?................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]?................................................................................................. 217 FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MAXimum?....................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MINimum?.........................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]?...................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL]:MAXimum?.....................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL]:MINimum?......................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:MER[:ALL][:AVERage]?....................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MAXimum?.......................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MINimum?........................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?......................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MAXimum?.................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MINimum?..................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]?................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MAXimum?.........................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MINimum?.......................................................................................................... 217 FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?........................................................................................................217 FETCh:SUMMary[:ALL]?............................................................................................................................... 215 FETCh:TTFRame?........................................................................................................................................ 217 FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator...................................................................................................................... 224 FORMat:DEXPort:GRAPh............................................................................................................................. 225 FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer............................................................................................................................ 225 FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes............................................................................................................................225 FORMat[:DATA]............................................................................................................................................. 224 INITiate:REFResh.......................................................................................................................................... 167 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation.................................................................................................................................. 158 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO....................................................................................................................... 159 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet.................................................................................................. 132 INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection[:STATe].................................................................................................132 INPut<ip>:COUPling<ant>.............................................................................................................................133 INPut<ip>:DPATh........................................................................................................................................... 133 INPut<ip>:EATT............................................................................................................................................. 159 INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO.................................................................................................................................. 159 INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe.................................................................................................................................. 160 INPut<ip>:FILE:ZPADing............................................................................................................................... 134 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:FDBBw?................................................................................................ 167 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs:SDBBw.................................................................................................. 167 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel:HPASs[:STATe].................................................................................................. 168 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:FDBBw................................................................................................. 168 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs]:SDBBw................................................................................................. 168 INPut<ip>:FILTer:CHANnel[:LPASs][:STATe]................................................................................................. 169 INPut<ip>:FILTer:HPASs[:STATe].................................................................................................................. 134 INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe]........................................................................................................................135 INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>:STATe.........................................................................................................................160 INPut<ip>:GAIN<ant>[:VALue]...................................................................................................................... 161
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INPut<ip>:IMPedance<ant>...........................................................................................................................135 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale:AUTO............................................................................................................ 144 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:FULLscale[:LEVel]...........................................................................................................144 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I............................................................................................................................145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:I:INVerted.............................................................................................................145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q.......................................................................................................................... 145 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:SKEW:Q:INVerted........................................................................................................... 146 INPut<ip>:IQ:OSC:TYPE............................................................................................................................... 146 INPut<ip>:PRESelection:SET........................................................................................................................136 INPut<ip>:PRESelection[:STATe].................................................................................................................. 136 INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode................................................................................................................................137 INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode:IQ:SRATe............................................................................................................... 137 INPut<ip>:RF:CAPMode:WAVeform:SRATe.................................................................................................. 138 INPut<ip>:SELect.......................................................................................................................................... 139 INPut<ip>:TYPE.............................................................................................................................................139 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>.............................................................................. 140 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:CONFig................................................................ 140 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE.................................................................... 140 INSTrument:BLOCk:CHANnel[:SETTings]:SOURce<si>:TYPE.................................................................... 146 LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?................................................................................................................................ 208 LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?.......................................................................................................................... 210 LAYout:GLOBal:ADD[:WINDow]?.................................................................................................................. 205 LAYout:GLOBal:CATalog[:WINDow]?............................................................................................................ 205 LAYout:GLOBal:IDENtify[:WINDow]?.............................................................................................................206 LAYout:GLOBal:REMove[:WINDow].............................................................................................................. 207 LAYout:GLOBal:REPLace[:WINDow].............................................................................................................207 LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]?.......................................................................................................................... 210 LAYout:REMove[:WINDow]............................................................................................................................ 211 LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow]...........................................................................................................................211 LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD?............................................................................................................................ 211 LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?...................................................................................................................... 212 LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove........................................................................................................................212 LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace...................................................................................................................... 213 MMEMory:LOAD:CFGFile............................................................................................................................. 131 MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe.......................................................................................................................226 SENSe:TRACking:LEVel............................................................................................................................... 176 SENSe:TRACking:PHASe............................................................................................................................. 176 SENSe:TRACking:TIME................................................................................................................................ 177 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:CONDition?....................................................................................................238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:ENABle.......................................................................................................... 238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:NTRansition................................................................................................... 238 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC:PTRansition................................................................................................... 239 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC[:EVENt]?........................................................................................................ 238 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:PSMode[:STATe]...............................................................142 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:SRATe...............................................................................142 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:TCPip................................................................................142 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:VDEVice?......................................................................... 143 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope:VFIRmware?.....................................................................143 SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:OSCilloscope[:STATe]............................................................................. 141 SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC].............................................................................................................. 126
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TRACe:IQ:BWIDth......................................................................................................................................... 170 TRACe:IQ:DATA............................................................................................................................................ 228 TRACe:IQ:DATA:FORMat..............................................................................................................................228 TRACe:IQ:DATA:MEMory?............................................................................................................................ 229 TRACe:IQ:SRATe.......................................................................................................................................... 171 TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth......................................................................................................................... 171 TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe]........................................................................................................................... 171 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X?................................................................................................................................... 227 TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y?................................................................................................................................... 227 TRACe<n>[:DATA]?....................................................................................................................................... 226 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe......................................................................................................................... 162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME].......................................................................................................... 162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff....................................................................................................... 162 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis...................................................................................................163 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower............................................................................................................ 163 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IQPower........................................................................................................... 164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:MAPower..........................................................................................................164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>].............................................................................................. 163 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HOLDoff..................................................................................................... 164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MAPower:HYSTeresis................................................................................................ 164 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe........................................................................................................................ 165 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce......................................................................................................................165 TRIGger[:SEQuence]:TIME:RINTerval.......................................................................................................... 166 UNIT:CAXes...................................................................................................................................................185 UNIT:EVM...................................................................................................................................................... 186 UNIT:FAXes................................................................................................................................................... 186 UNIT:IRESponse............................................................................................................................................187 UNIT:SAXes................................................................................................................................................... 187 UNIT:TAXes................................................................................................................................................... 187
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Index
Index
A
AC/DC coupling ................................................................. 50 Activating
OFDM VSA measurements (remote) ........................ 125 Allocation Matrix
Markers ..................................................................... 108 Amplitude
Configuration .............................................................. 59 Configuration (remote) .............................................. 157 Settings ....................................................................... 59 Analysis Button ....................................................................... 102 Attenuation ........................................................................ 61 Auto ............................................................................ 61 Configuration (remote) .............................................. 158 Electronic .................................................................... 61 Manual ........................................................................ 61 Option ......................................................................... 61 Protective (remote) ................................................... 132 Auto adjustment Triggered measurement ............................................179 Auto level Hysteresis ................................................................... 77 Reference level ........................................................... 76 Auto settings Meastime mode .......................................................... 77 Automatic Configuration (remote) .............................................. 177
B
B2000 State ........................................................................... 51
Band External Mixer (remote) ............................................ 150
Bandwidth Maximum usable ......................................................... 68
Baseband see Oscilloscope Baseband Input .............................. 53
Bias External Mixer (remote) ............................................ 148
C
Capture time ...................................................................... 67 see also Measurement time ...................................... 170
Carrier Offset ..................................................................... 75 CDA
Configuring ................................................................. 42 Center frequency ............................................................... 58
Oscilloscope Baseband Input ..................................... 56 Step size ..................................................................... 59 Closing Windows (remote) ..................................................... 212 Configuration Procedure ................................................................... 43 Configuration File Wizard ......................................................................... 78 Constellation diagram Markers ..................................................................... 108 Conventions SCPI commands ....................................................... 121
Conversion loss External Mixer (remote) .................................... 152, 153
Conversion loss tables External Mixer (remote) ............................................ 153
Cyclic Delay Diversity ........................................................ 75
D
Data acquisition Usable I/Q Bandwidth ................................................. 68
Data format Remote ..................................................................... 225
Data source Display .......................................................................... 8
Decimal separator Trace export .............................................................. 116
Delta markers .................................................................. 111 Defining ..................................................................... 110
Diagram footer information .................................................. 9 Direct path
Input configuration ...................................................... 51 Display
Information .................................................................... 7 Refreshing .................................................................. 70 Drop-out time Trigger .........................................................................65
E
Electronic input attenuation ............................................... 61 Errors
IF OVLD ...................................................................... 60 Evaluation methods
Remote ............................................................. 205, 208 WLAN .......................................................................... 11 EVM ................................................................................ 256 Exporting I/Q data ..................................................................... 115 Measurement settings ............................................... 116 Traces ................................................................115, 117 External Mixer Activating (remote) .................................................... 148 Band ......................................................................... 150 Programming example .............................................. 154 RF overrange ............................................................ 154 Type .......................................................................... 154 External trigger .................................................................. 64 Level (remote) ........................................................... 163
F
FFT Shift ........................................................................... 75 Filters
High-pass (RF input) ............................................. 51, 69 YIG (remote) ............................................................. 135 Format Data (remote) ............................................................ 225 Free Run Trigger .........................................................................63 Frequency Configuration .............................................................. 58 Configuration (remote) .............................................. 156 Offset .......................................................................... 59
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Index
Frontend Configuration .............................................................. 48 Configuration (remote) .............................................. 155
G
Gating Source ........................................................................ 63
H
Handover frequency External Mixer (remote) ............................................ 149
Harmonics External Mixer (remote) ............................................ 152
High-pass filter RF input ................................................................ 51, 69
Hysteresis Lower (Auto level) ....................................................... 77 Trigger .........................................................................65 Upper (Auto level) ....................................................... 77
I
I/Q bandwidth Usable ......................................................................... 68
I/Q data Exporting ................................................................... 115
I/Q Power Trigger level (remote) ................................................164
IF Power Trigger level (remote) ................................................163
Impedance Setting ................................................................... 50, 55
Input B2000 ......................................................................... 51 Configuration .............................................................. 48 Configuration (remote) .............................................. 155 Coupling ...................................................................... 50 Overload (remote) ..................................................... 132 Settings ....................................................................... 62
Input source Channels ..................................................................... 54 Instruments ................................................................. 54
Input sources Channels ......................................................... 50, 54, 57 Instrument ............................................................. 50, 54 Oscilloscope Baseband .............................................. 53 Radio frequency (RF) ................................................. 49
Instruments Input source .......................................................... 50, 54
L
Linking Markers ..................................................................... 111
LO feedthrough ................................................................. 51 Lower Level Hysteresis ..................................................... 77
M
Marker table Configuring ................................................................ 111 Evaluation method ...................................................... 25
Marker to Trace ................................................................111
Markers Allocation Matrix ....................................................... 108 Assigned trace ...........................................................111 Configuring ............................................................... 108 Constellation diagram ............................................... 108 Deactivating ...............................................................111 Delta markers ............................................................ 110 General settings (remote) ......................................... 195 Linking ....................................................................... 111 Minimum ....................................................................113 Next minimum ........................................................... 113 Next peak .................................................................. 113 Peak .......................................................................... 113 Positioning .................................................................112 Retrieving values (remote) ........................................ 221 Settings (remote) ...................................................... 189 State .......................................................................... 110 Table ..........................................................................112 Table (evaluation method) .......................................... 25 Type .......................................................................... 110 X-value ...................................................................... 110 Y-value ...................................................................... 110
Measurement Allocation matrix ......................................................... 12 Capture Buffer .............................................................24 Channel Flatness ........................................................ 15 Channel Impulse Response ........................................ 23 Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) ....................................................................... 14 Constellation Diagram ................................................ 15 Constellation vs Carrier .............................................. 17 Constellation vs Symbol ............................................. 18 EVM vs. Carrier .......................................................... 19 EVM vs. Symbol ......................................................... 20 EVM vs. Symbol vs Carrier ......................................... 21 Group Delay ................................................................ 22 Power Spectrum ......................................................... 28 Power vs Carrier vs Symbol ....................................... 27 Power vs. Carrier ........................................................ 25 Power vs. Symbol ....................................................... 26 Signal flow .................................................................. 29
Measurement channels Input source .................................................... 50, 54, 57
Measurement time Auto settings ............................................................... 77 Remote ..................................................................... 170
Minimum .......................................................................... 113 Marker positioning ..................................................... 113 Next ........................................................................... 113
Minimum attenuation ................................................... 53, 61 Modulation
Inverted (I/Q, remote) ............................................... 169 Inverted (I/Q) ............................................................... 68
N
Next Minimum ..................................................................113 Marker positioning ..................................................... 113
Next Peak ........................................................................ 113 Marker positioning ..................................................... 113
O
OFDM VSA Performing .................................................................118
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Offset Frequency ................................................................... 59 Reference level ........................................................... 60
Options Electronic attenuation ................................................. 61 High-pass filter ...................................................... 51, 69 Preamplifier ................................................................. 62
Oscilloscope Address ....................................................................... 52
Oscilloscope Baseband Input Deskewing .................................................................. 55 I/Q mode ..................................................................... 55 Input ............................................................................ 53
Overload RF input (remote) ...................................................... 132
Overview Configuration OFDM VSA ........................................... 42
P
Parameter tables Configuration ............................................................ 104
Peaks Marker positioning ..................................................... 113 Next ........................................................................... 113
Performing OFDM VSA measurement ........................................ 118
Ports External Mixer (remote) ............................................ 154
Power splitter mode .................................................. 52, 142 Preamplifier
Setting ......................................................................... 62 Softkey ........................................................................ 62 Preselector ........................................................................ 52 Preset Bands (External Mixer, remote) ................................ 150 Presetting Channels ..................................................................... 44 Pretrigger .......................................................................... 65 Programming examples External Mixer ........................................................... 154 Protection RF input (remote) ...................................................... 132
Q
Quick Config Traces ....................................................................... 115
R
Reference level ................................................................. 60 Auto level .................................................................... 76 Offset .......................................................................... 60 Unit ............................................................................. 60 Value ........................................................................... 60
Reference marker ............................................................ 111 Refresh
Display ........................................................................ 70 Remote commands
Basics on syntax ....................................................... 120 Boolean values ......................................................... 124 Capitalization ............................................................ 122 Character data .......................................................... 124 Data blocks ............................................................... 125 Numeric values ......................................................... 123 Optional keywords .................................................... 122
Parameters ............................................................... 123 Strings ....................................................................... 125 Suffixes ..................................................................... 122 Repetition interval ............................................................. 65 Resetting RF input protection ................................................... 132 Restoring Channel settings ......................................................... 44 Result displays Bitstream ..................................................................... 13 Marker table ................................................................ 25 Result Summary ......................................................... 28 Trigger to Sync ............................................................30 WLAN .......................................................................... 11 Result range Remote ..................................................................... 172 Result type Display .......................................................................... 8 Results Data format (remote) ................................................ 225 Exporting ................................................................... 116 Retrieving (remote) ................................................... 213 RF attenuation Auto ............................................................................ 61 Manual ........................................................................ 61 RF input .............................................................................49 Overload protection (remote) .................................... 132 Remote ..................................................................... 131 RF overrange External Mixer ........................................................... 154 RF Power Trigger .........................................................................64
S
Sample rate I/Q data ....................................................................... 68 Remote ..................................................................... 171
Scaling Automatic .................................................................. 107 Automatically ............................................................ 107 Y-axis ................................................................ 106, 107
Settings Overview ..................................................................... 42
Signal capturing Duration ...................................................................... 67 Duration (remote) ...................................................... 170
Signal description Configuration (remote) .............................................. 126
Slope Trigger .................................................................66, 165
Softkeys Preamp ....................................................................... 62 Ref Level ..................................................................... 60 Ref Level Offset .......................................................... 60 Trigger Offset .............................................................. 65
Specifics for Configuration .............................................................. 44
Standard WLAN measurements ....................................... 10 Statistics
Configuration ............................................................ 104 Results ........................................................................ 11 Status registers Description ................................................................ 237 STAT:QUES:POW ..................................................... 132 Status reporting system .................................................. 237
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Index
Suffixes Common ................................................................... 125 Remote commands ................................................... 122
Swap I/Q ........................................................................... 68 Remote ..................................................................... 169
Sweep Time (remote) ........................................................... 170
T
Time trigger Repetition interval ....................................................... 65
Toolbars AutoSet ..................................................................... 255 Control ...................................................................... 253 Functions .................................................................. 252 Help .......................................................................... 253 Main .......................................................................... 252 Marker ....................................................................... 254 Overview ................................................................... 252 Zoom ......................................................................... 253
Traces Configuration ............................................................. 113 Configuring (remote control) ..................................... 188 Export format .............................................................116 Exporting ................................................... 115, 116, 117 Mode ......................................................................... 114 Mode (remote) .......................................................... 188 Retrieving data (remote) ........................................... 221 Selecting ................................................................... 114 Settings (remote control) .......................................... 188 Settings, predefined .................................................. 115
Trigger Drop-out time .............................................................. 65 External (remote) ...................................................... 165 Holdoff .........................................................................66 Hysteresis ................................................................... 65 Offset .......................................................................... 65 Remote control ......................................................... 161 Slope ................................................................... 66, 165
Trigger level .......................................................................65 External trigger (remote) ........................................... 163 I/Q Power (remote) ................................................... 164 IF Power (remote) ..................................................... 163
Trigger source ................................................................... 63 External ....................................................................... 64 External CH3 .............................................................. 64 Free Run ..................................................................... 63 Magnitude ............................................................. 64, 65 RF Power .................................................................... 64 Time ............................................................................ 64
Troubleshooting Input overload ........................................................... 132
U
Units ................................................................................ 105 Reference level ........................................................... 60
Upper Level Hysteresis ..................................................... 77
W
Window title bar information ................................................ 8 Windows
Adding (remote) ................................................ 205, 208 Closing (remote) ....................................................... 212 Configuring ................................................................. 44
Querying (remote) ..................................... 205, 206, 210 Replacing (remote) ....................................................211 Types (remote) .................................................. 205, 208
X
X-axis Scaling, auto ............................................................. 107
X-value Marker ....................................................................... 110
Y
Y-axis Scaling ...................................................................... 107 Scaling, auto ............................................................. 107
Y-Scaling ......................................................................... 106 Y-value
Marker ....................................................................... 110 YIG-preselector
Activating/Deactivating ............................................... 51 Activating/Deactivating (remote) ............................... 135
Z
Zooming Activating (remote) .................................................... 202 Area (Multiple mode, remote) ................................... 202 Area (remote) ............................................................ 201 Multiple mode (remote) ..................................... 202, 204 Remote ..................................................................... 201 Single mode (remote) ............................................... 201
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