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peplink MAX-BR1-LTE-US-T Pepwave MAX BR1 4G LTE Mobile Router User Manual

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PISMO LABS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED P1AX02 PEPWAVE / peplink Wireless Product U8G-P1AX02 U8GP1AX02 p1ax02

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13 Ba n d w id t h Bo n d in g Sp e e d Fu s io n TM / P e p VP N

Pepwave bandwidth bonding SpeedFusionTM is our patented technology that enables our SDWAN routers to bond multiple Internet connections to increase site-to-site bandwidth and reliability. SpeedFusion functionality securely connects your Pepwave router to another Pepwave or Peplink device (Peplink Balance 210/310/380/580/710/1350 only). Data, voice, or video communications between these locations are kept confidential across the public Internet.
Bandwidth bonding SpeedFusionTM is specifically designed for multi-WAN environments. In case of failures and network congestion at one or more WANs, other WANs can be used to continue carrying the network traffic.
Different models of our SD-WAN routers have different numbers of site-to-site connections allowed. End-users who need to have more site-to-site connections can purchase a SpeedFusion license to increase the number of site-to-site connections allowed.
Pepwave routers can aggregate all WAN connections' bandwidth for routing SpeedFusionTM traffic. Unless all the WAN connections of one site are down, Pepwave routers can keep the VPN up and running.
VPN bandwidth bonding is supported in Firmware 5.1 or above. All available bandwidth will be utilized to establish the VPN tunnel, and all traffic will be load balanced at packet level across all links. VPN bandwidth bonding is enabled by default.

13.1 P e p VP N
To configure PepVPN and SpeedFusion, navigate to Advanced>SpeedFusionTM or

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Advanced>PepVPN.

The local LAN subnet and subnets behind the LAN (defined under Static Route on the LAN settings page) will be advertised to the VPN. All VPN members (branch offices and headquarters) will be able to route to local subnets. Note that all LAN subnets and the subnets behind them must be unique. Otherwise, VPN members will not be able to access each other.
All data can be routed over the VPN using the 256-bit AES encryption standard. To configure, navigate to Advanced>SpeedFusionTM or Advanced>PepVPN and click the New Profile button to create a new VPN profile (you may have to first save the displayed default profile in order to access the New Profile button). Each profile specifies the settings for making VPN connection with one remote Pepwave or Peplink device. Note that available settings vary by model.
A list of defined SpeedFusion connection profiles and a Link Failure Detection Time option will be shown. Click the New Profile button to create a new VPN connection profile for making a VPN connection to a remote Pepwave or Peplink device via the available WAN connections. Each profile is for making a VPN connection with one remote Pepwave or Peplink Device.

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PepVPN Profile Settings

Name

This field is for specifying a name to represent this profile. The name can be any combination of alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, a-z), underscores (_), dashes (-), and/or non-leading/trailing spaces ( ).

Active

When this box is checked, this VPN connection profile will be enabled. Otherwise, it will be disabled.

Encryption

By default, VPN traffic is encrypted with 256-bit AES. If Off is selected on both sides of a VPN connection, no encryption will be applied.

Select from By Remote ID Only, Preshared Key, or X.509 to specify the method Authentication the Pepwave MAX will use to authenticate peers. When selecting By Remote ID
Only, be sure to enter a unique peer ID number in the Remote ID field.

Remote ID / Pre-shared Key

This optional field becomes available when Remote ID / Pre-shared Key is selected as the Pepwave router's VPN Authentication method, as explained above. Pre-shared Key defines the pre-shared key used for this particular VPN connection. The VPN connection's session key will be further protected by the preshared key. The connection will be up only if the pre-shared keys on each side match. When the peer is running firmware 5.0+, this setting will be ignored.

Enter Remote IDs either by typing out each Remote ID and Pre-shared Key, or by
pasting a CSV. If you wish to paste a CSV, click the icon next to the "Remote ID / Preshared Key" setting.

Remote ID/Remote

These optional fields become available when X.509 is selected as the Pepwave MAX's VPN authentication method, as explained above. To authenticate VPN

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Certificate

connections using X.509 certificates, copy and paste certificate details into these fields. To get more information on a listed X.509 certificate, click the Show Details link below the field.

Allow Shared When this option is enabled, the router will allow multiple peers to run using the Remote ID same remote ID.

NAT Mode

Check this box to allow the local DHCP server to assign an IP address to the remote peer. When NAT Mode is enabled, all remote traffic over the VPN will be tagged with the assigned IP address using network address translation.

Remote IP Address / Host
Names (Optional)

If NAT Mode is not enabled, you can enter a remote peer's WAN IP address or hostname(s) here. If the remote uses more than one address, enter only one of them here. Multiple hostnames are allowed and can be separated by a space character or carriage return. Dynamic-DNS host names are also accepted.
This field is optional. With this field filled, the Pepwave MAX will initiate connection to each of the remote IP addresses until it succeeds in making a connection. If the field is empty, the Pepwave MAX will wait for connection from the remote peer. Therefore, at least one of the two VPN peers must specify this value. Otherwise, VPN connections cannot be established.

Cost

Define path cost for this profile. OSPF will determine the best route through the network using the assigned cost. Default: 10

Data Port

This field is used to specify a UDP port number for transporting outgoing VPN data. If Default is selected, UDP port 4500 will be used. Port 32015 will be used if the remote unit uses Firmware prior to version 5.4 or if port 4500 is unavailable. If Custom is selected, enter an outgoing port number from 1 to 65535.

Click the icon to configure data stream using TCP protocol [EXPERIMENTAL].In the case TCP protocol is used, the exposed TCP session option can be authorised to work with TCP accelerated WAN link.

Bandwidth Limit

Define maximum download and upload speed to each individual functionality requires the peer to use PepVPN version 4.0.0 or above.

peer.

This

Cost

Define path cost for this profile. OSPF will determine the best route through the network using the assigned cost. Default: 10

WAN SmoothingA

Select the degree to which WAN Smoothing will be implemented across your WAN links.

Use IP ToS Checking this button enables the use of IP ToS header field.

Latency Difference Cutoff

Traffic will be stopped for links that exceed the specified millisecond value with respect to the lowest latency link. (e.g. Lowest latency is 100ms, a value of 500ms means links with latency 600ms or more will not be used)

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A - Advanced feature, please click the button on the top right-hand corner to activate.
To enable Layer 2 Bridging between PepVPN profiles, navigate to Network>LAN>Basic Settings>*LAN Profile Name* and refer to instructions in section 9.1

8.41
WAN Connection Priority
If your device supports it, you can specify the priority of WAN connections to be used for making VPN connections. WAN connections set to OFF will never be used. WAN Connection Only available WAN connections with the highest priority will be used. Priority To enable asymmetric connections, connection mapping to remote WANs, cut-off latency, and packet loss suspension time, click the button.

Send All Traffic To
This feature allows you to redirect all traffic to a specified PepVPN connection. Click the select your connection and the following menu will appear:

button to

You could also specify a DNS server to resolve incoming DNS requests. Click the checkbox next to Backup Site to designate a backup SpeedFusion profile that will take over, should the main PepVPN connection fail.

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Outbound Policy/PepVPN Outbound Custom Rules
Some models allow you to set outbound policy and custom outbound rules from Advanced>PepVPN. See Section 14 for more information on outbound policy settings.

PepVPN Local ID
The local ID is a text string to identify this local unit when establishing a VPN connection. When creating a profile on a remote unit, this local ID must be entered in the remote unit's Remote ID field. Click the
icon to edit Local ID.

PepVPN Settings

Handshake PortA

To designate a custom handshake port (TCP), click the custom radio button and enter the port number you wish to designate.

Backward Compatibility

Determine the level of backward compatibility needed for PepVPN tunnels. The use of the Latest setting is recommended as it will improve the performance and resilience of SpeedFusion connections.

Link Failure Detection Time

The bonded VPN can detect routing failures on the path between two sites over each WAN connection. Failed WAN connections will not be used to route VPN traffic. Health check packets are sent to the remote unit to detect any failure. The more frequently checks are sent, the shorter the detection time, although more bandwidth will be consumed.
When Recommended (default) is selected, a health check packet is sent every five seconds, and the expected detection time is 15 seconds.
When Fast is selected, a health check packet is sent every three seconds, and the expected detection time is six seconds.

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When Faster is selected, a health check packet is sent every second, and the expected detection time is two seconds. When Extreme is selected, a health check packet is sent every 0.1 second, and the expected detection time is less than one second. A - Advanced feature, please click the button on the top right-hand corner to activate.
Important Note
Peplink proprietary SpeedFusionTM uses TCP port 32015 and UDP port 4500 for establishing VPN connections. If you have a firewall in front of your Pepwave devices, you will need to add firewall rules for these ports and protocols to allow inbound and outbound traffic to pass through the firewall.
Tip Want to know more about VPN sub-second session failover? Visit our YouTube Channel for a video tutorial!
http://youtu.be/TLQgdpPSY88

13.2 Th e P e p w a ve Ro u t e r Be h in d a N AT Ro u t e r
Pepwave routers support establishing SpeedFusionTM over WAN connections which are behind a NAT (network address translation) router.
To enable a WAN connection behind a NAT router to accept VPN connections, you can configure the NAT router in front of the WAN connection to inbound port-forward TCP port 32015 to the Pepwave router.

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If one or more WAN connections on Unit A can accept VPN connections (by means of port forwarding or not), while none of the WAN connections on the peer Unit B can do so, you should enter all of Unit A's public IP addresses or hostnames into Unit B's Remote IP Addresses / Host Names field. Leave the field in Unit A blank. With this setting, a SpeedFusionTM connection can be set up and all WAN connections on both sides will be utilized.
See the following diagram for an example of this setup in use:

One of the WANs connected to Router A is non-NAT'd (212.1.1.1). The rest of the WANs connected to Router A and all WANs connected to Router B are NAT'd. In this case, the Peer IP Addresses / Host Names field for Router B should be filled with all of Router A's hostnames or public IP addresses (i.e., 212.1.1.1, 212.2.2.2, and 212.3.3.3), and the field in Router A can be left blank. The two NAT routers on WAN1 and WAN3 connected to Router A should inbound port-forward TCP port 32015 to Router A so that all WANs will be utilized in establishing the VPN.

13.3 Sp e e d Fu s io n TM St a t u s
SpeedFusionTM status is shown in the Dashboard. The connection status of each connection profile is shown as below.
After clicking the Status button at the top right corner of the SpeedFusionTM table, you will be forwarded to Status>SpeedFusionTM, where you can view subnet and WAN connection information for each VPN peer. Please refer to Section 22.6 for details.

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IP Subnets Must Be Unique Among VPN Peers
The entire interconnected SpeedFusionTM network is a single non-NAT IP network. Avoid duplicating subnets in your sites to prevent connectivity problems when accessing those subnets.

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14 IP s e c VP N
IPsec VPN functionality securely connects one or more branch offices to your company's main headquarters or to other branches. Data, voice, and video communications between these locations are kept safe and confidential across the public Internet.
IPsec VPN on Pepwave routers is specially designed for multi-WAN environments. For instance, if a user sets up multiple IPsec profiles for a multi-WAN environment and WAN1 is connected and healthy, IPsec traffic will go through this link. However, should unforeseen problems (e.g., unplugged cables or ISP problems) cause WAN1 to go down, our IPsec implementation will make use of WAN2 and WAN3 for failover.
14 .1 IP s e c VP N Se t t in g s
Many Pepwave products can make multiple IPsec VPN connections with Peplink, Pepwave, Cisco, and Juniper routers. Note that all LAN subnets and the subnets behind them must be unique. Otherwise, VPN members will not be able to access each other. All data can be routed over the VPN with a selection of encryption standards, such as 3DES, AES-128, and AES-256. To configure IPsec VPN on Pepwave devices that support it, navigate to Advanced>IPsec VPN.
A NAT-Traversal option and list of defined IPsec VPN profiles will be shown. NAT-Traversal should be enabled if your system is behind a NAT router. Click the New Profile button to create new IPsec VPN profiles that make VPN connections to remote Pepwave, Cisco, or Juniper routers via available WAN connections. To edit any of the profiles, click on its associated connection name in the leftmost column.

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IPsec VPN Settings

Name

This field is for specifying a local name to represent this connection profile.

Active

When this box is checked, this IPsec VPN connection profile will be enabled. Otherwise, it will be disabled.

Connect Upon Disconnection
of

Check this box and select a WAN to connect to this VPN automatically when the specified WAN is disconnected.

Remote Gateway IP Address / Host
Name

Enter the remote peer's public IP address. For Aggressive Mode, this is optional.

Enter the local LAN subnets here. If you have defined static routes, they will be shown here.

Using NAT, you can map a specific local network / IP address to another, and the packets received by remote gateway will appear to be coming from the mapped network / IP address. This allow you to establish IPsec connection to a remote site that has one or more subnets overlapped with local site.

Two types of NAT policies can be defined:
Local Networks One-to-One NAT policy: if the defined subnet in Local Network and NAT Network has the same size, for example, policy "192.168.50.0/24 > 172.16.1.0/24" will translate the local IP address 192.168.50.10 to 172.16.1.10 and 192.168.50.20 to 172.16.1.20. This is a bidirectional mapping which means clients in remote site can initiate connection to the local clients using the mapped address too.

Many-to-One NAT policy: if the defined NAT Network on the right hand side is an IP address (or having a network prefix /32), for example, policy "192.168.1.0/24 > 172.168.50.1/32" will translate all clients in 192.168.1.0/24 network to 172.168.50.1. This is a unidirectional mapping which means clients in remote site will not be able to initiate connection to the local clients.

Remote Networks

Enter the LAN and subnets that are located at the remote site here.

To access your VPN, clients will need to authenticate by your choice of methods. Authentication Choose between the Preshared Key and X.509 Certificate methods of
authentication.

Mode

Choose Main Mode if both IPsec peers use static IP addresses. Choose Aggressive Mode if one of the IPsec peers uses dynamic IP addresses.

Force UDP For forced UDP encapsulation regardless of NAT-traversal, tick this checkbox.

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Encapsulation

This defines the peer authentication pre-shared key used to authenticate this VPN Pre-shared Key connection. The connection will be up only if the pre-shared keys on each side
match.

Remote Certificate (pem
encoded)

Available only when X.509 Certificate is chosen as the Authentication method, this field allows you to paste a valid X.509 certificate.

Local ID

In Main Mode, this field can be left blank. In Aggressive Mode, if Remote Gateway IP Address is filled on this end and the peer end, this field can be left blank. Otherwise, this field is typically a U-FQDN.

Remote ID

Phase 1 (IKE) Proposal

In Main Mode, this allows setting up to six encryption standards, in descending order of priority, to be used in initial connection key negotiations. In Aggressive Mode, only one selection is permitted.

Phase 1 DH Group

This is the Diffie-Hellman group used within IKE. This allows two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure communications channel. The larger the group number, the higher the security.
Group 2: 1024-bit is the default value.
Group 5: 1536-bit is the alternative option.

Phase 1 SA This setting specifies the lifetime limit of this Phase 1 Security Association. By

Lifetime

default, it is set at 3600 seconds.

Phase 2 (ESP) Proposal

In Main Mode, this allows setting up to six encryption standards, in descending order of priority, to be used for the IP data that is being transferred. In Aggressive Mode, only one selection is permitted.

Phase 2 PFS Group

Perfect forward secrecy (PFS) ensures that if a key was compromised, the attacker will be able to access only the data protected by that key.
None - Do not request for PFS when initiating connection. However, since there is no valid reason to refuse PFS, the system will allow the connection to use PFS if requested by the remote peer. This is the default value.
Group 2: 1024-bit Diffie-Hellman group. The larger the group number, the higher the security.
Group 5: 1536-bit is the third option.

Phase 2 SA This setting specifies the lifetime limit of this Phase 2 Security Association. By

Lifetime

default, it is set at 28800 seconds.

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WAN Connection Priority WAN Connection Select the appropriate WAN connection from the drop-down menu.

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15 O u t b o u n d P o lic y
Pepwave routers can flexibly manage and load balance outbound traffic among WAN connections.
Important Note Outbound policy is applied only when more than one WAN connection is active.
The settings for managing and load balancing outbound traffic are located at Advanced>Outbound Policy or Advanced>PepVPN, depending on the model.

15.1 O u t b o u n d P o lic y
Outbound policies for managing and load balancing outbound traffic are located at

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Advanced>Outbound Policy> or Advanced>PepVPN>Outbound Policy. Click the button beside the Outbound Policy box:

There are three main selections for the outbound traffic policy:
High Application Compatibility Normal Application Compatibility Custom Note that some Pepwave routers provide only the Send All Traffic To setting here. See Section 12.1 for details.

Outbound Policy Settings

High Application Compatibility

Outbound traffic from a source LAN device is routed through the same WAN connection regardless of the destination Internet IP address and protocol. This option provides the highest application compatibility.

Normal Application Compatibility

Outbound traffic from a source LAN device to the same destination Internet IP address will be routed through the same WAN connection persistently, regardless of protocol. This option provides high compatibility to most applications, and users still benefit from WAN link load balancing when multiple Internet servers are accessed.

Custom

Outbound traffic behavior can be managed by defining rules in a custom rule table. A default rule can be defined for connections that cannot be matched with any of the rules.

The default policy is Normal Application Compatibility.
Tip Want to know more about creating outbound rules? Visit our YouTube Channel for a video tutorial!

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http://youtu.be/rKH4AS_bQnE
15.2 Ad d in g Ru le s fo r O u t b o u n d P o lic y
The menu underneath enables you to define Outbound policy rules:
The bottom-most rule is Default. Edit this rule to change the device's default manner of controlling outbound traffic for all connections that do not match any of the rules above it. Under the Service heading, click Default to change these settings. To rearrange the priority of outbound rules, drag and drop them into the desired sequence.

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By default, Auto is selected as the Default Rule. You can select Custom to change the algorithm to be used. Please refer to the upcoming sections for the details on the available algorithms.
To create a custom rule, click Add Rule at the bottom of the table.

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New Custom Rule Settings

Service Name This setting specifies the name of the outbound traffic rule.

Enable

This setting specifies whether the outbound traffic rule takes effect. When Enable is checked, the rule takes effect: traffic is matched and actions are taken by the Pepwave router based on the other parameters of the rule. When Enable is unchecked, the rule does not take effect: the Pepwave router disregards the other parameters of the rule.

Click the drop-down menu next to the checkbox to apply a time schedule to this custom rule.
This setting specifies the source IP Address, IP Network, MAC Address or Grouped Network for traffic that matches the rule.

Source

Destination

This setting specifies the destination IP address, IP network, Domain name, SpeedFusion Cloud, PepVPN Profile or Grouped network for traffic that matches the rule.

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If Domain Name is chosen and a domain name, such as foobar.com, is entered, any outgoing accesses to foobar.com and *.foobar.com will match this criterion. You may enter a wildcard (.*) at the end of a domain name to match any host with a name having the domain name in the middle. If you enter foobar.*, for example, www.foobar.com, www.foobar.co.jp, or foobar.co.uk will also match. Placing wildcards in any other position is not supported. NOTE: if a server has one Internet IP address and multiple server names, and if one of the names is defined here, access to any one of the server names will also match this rule.

This setting specifies the IP protocol and port of traffic that matches this rule. Via a dropdown menu, the following protocols can be specified:

Protocol and Port

Any TCP UDP IP DSCP

Alternatively, the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu can be used to automatically fill in the protocol and port number of common Internet services (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, etc.) After selecting an item from the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu, the protocol and port number remains manually modifiable.

Algorithm

This setting specifies the behavior of the Pepwave router for the custom rule.
One of the following values can be selected (note that some Pepwave routers provide only some of these options):
Weighted Balance Persistence Enforced Priority Overflow Least Used Lowest Latency Fastest Response Time For a full explanation of each Algorithm, please see the following article:
https://forum.peplink.com/t/exactly-how-do-peplinks-load-balancing-algorithmns-work/8059

Load Distribution

Weight

This is to define the outbound traffic weight ratio for each WAN connection.

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This field allows you to configure the default action when all the selected Connections are not available.

When No connections are
available

Drop the Traffic - Traffic will be discarded.
Use Any Available Connections - Traffic will be routed to any available Connection, even it is not selected in the list.

Terminate Sessions on Connection
Recovery

Fall-through to Next Rule - Traffic will continue to match the next Outbound Policy rule just like this rule is inactive.
This setting specifies whether to terminate existing IP sessions on a less preferred WAN connection in the event that a more preferred WAN connection is recovered. This setting is applicable to the Priority algorithms. By default, this setting is disabled. In this case, existing IP sessions will not be terminated or affected when any other WAN connection is recovered. When this setting is enabled, existing IP sessions may be terminated when another WAN connection is recovered, such that only the preferred healthy WAN connection(s) is used at any point in time.

15.2.1 Alg o rit h m : W e ig h t e d Ba la n c e
This setting specifies the ratio of WAN connection usage to be applied on the specified IP protocol and port. This setting is applicable only when Algorithm is set to Weighted Balance.

The amount of matching traffic that is distributed to a WAN connection is proportional to the weight of the WAN connection relative to the total weight. Use the sliders to change each WAN's weight.
For example, with the following weight settings:
Ethernet WAN1: 10 Ethernet WAN2: 10 Wi-Fi WAN: 10 Cellular 1: 10 Cellular 2: 10

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USB: 10 Total weight is 60 = (10 +10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10).
Matching traffic distributed to Ethernet WAN1 is 16.7% = (10 / 60 x 100%.
Matching traffic distributed to Ethernet WAN2 is 16.7% = (10 / 60) x 100%.
Matching traffic distributed to Wi-Fi WAN is 16.7% = (10 / 60) x 100%.
Matching traffic distributed to Cellular 1 is 16.7% = (10 / 60) x 100%.
Matching traffic distributed to Cellular 2 is 16.7% = (10 / 60) x 100%.
Matching traffic distributed to USB is 16.7% = (10 / 60) x 100%.
15.2.2 Alg o rit h m : P e rs is t e n c e
The configuration of persistent services is the solution to the few situations where link load distribution for Internet services is undesirable. For example, for security reasons, many ebanking and other secure websites terminate the session when the client computer's Internet IP address changes mid-session.
In general, different Internet IP addresses represent different computers. The security concern is that an IP address change during a session may be the result of an unauthorized intrusion attempt. Therefore, to prevent damages from the potential intrusion, the session is terminated upon the detection of an IP address change.
Pepwave routers can be configured to distribute data traffic across multiple WAN connections. Also, the Internet IP depends on the WAN connections over which communication actually takes place. As a result, a LAN client computer behind the Pepwave router may communicate using multiple Internet IP addresses. For example, a LAN client computer behind a Pepwave router with three WAN connections may communicate on the Internet using three different IP addresses.
With the persistence feature, rules can be configured to enable client computers to persistently utilize the same WAN connections for e-banking and other secure websites. As a result, a client computer will communicate using one IP address, eliminating the issues mentioned above.

There are two persistent modes: By Source and By Destination.

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By Source: By Destination:

The same WAN connection will be used for traffic matching the rule and originating from the same machine, regardless of its destination. This option will provide the highest level of application compatibility.
The same WAN connection will be used for traffic matching the rule, originating from the same machine, and going to the same destination. This option can better distribute loads to WAN connections when there are only a few client machines.

The default mode is By Source. When there are multiple client requests, they can be distributed (persistently) to WAN connections with a weight. If you choose Auto in Load Distribution, the weights will be automatically adjusted according to each WAN's Downstream Bandwidth which is specified in the WAN settings page). If you choose Custom, you can customize the weight of each WAN manually by using the sliders.

15.2.3 Alg o rit h m : En fo rc e d
This setting specifies the WAN connection usage to be applied on the specified IP protocol and port. This setting is applicable only when Algorithm is set to Enforced.

Matching traffic will be routed through the specified WAN connection, regardless of the health check status of the WAN connection. Starting from Firmware 5.2, outbound traffic can be enforced to go through a specified SpeedFusionTM connection.
15.2.4 Algorithm: Priority This setting specifies the priority of the WAN connections used to route the specified network service. The highest priority WAN connection available will always be used for routing the specified type of traffic. A lower priority WAN connection will be used only when all higher priority connections have become unavailable.

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Starting from Firmware 5.2, outbound traffic can be prioritized to go through SpeedFusionTM connection(s). By default, VPN connections are not included in the priority list.
Tip
Configure multiple distribution rules to accommodate different kinds of services.
15.2.5 Alg o rit h m : O ve rflo w The traffic matching this rule will be routed through the healthy WAN connection that has the highest priority and is not in full load. When this connection gets saturated, new sessions will be routed to the next healthy WAN connection that is not in full load.
Drag and drop to specify the order of WAN connections to be used for routing traffic. Only the highest priority healthy connection that is not in full load will be used.

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15.2.6 Algorithm: Least Used
The traffic matching this rule will be routed through the healthy WAN connection that is selected in Connection and has the most available download bandwidth. The available download bandwidth of a WAN connection is calculated from the total download bandwidth specified on the WAN settings page and the current download usage. The available bandwidth and WAN selection is determined every time an IP session is made.
15.2.7 Alg o rit h m : Lo w e s t La t e n c y

The traffic matching this rule will be routed through the healthy WAN connection that is selected in Connection and has the lowest latency. Latency checking packets are issued periodically to a nearby router of each WAN connection to determine its latency value. The latency of a WAN is the packet round trip time of the WAN connection. Additional network usage may be incurred as a result.
Tip
The roundtrip time of a 6M down/640k uplink can be higher than that of a 2M down/2M up link because the overall round trip time is lengthened by its slower upload bandwidth, despite its higher downlink speed. Therefore, this algorithm is good for two scenarios:
All WAN connections are symmetric; or A latency sensitive application must be routed through the lowest latency WAN, regardless of the
WAN's available bandwidth.

15.2.8 Exp e rt Mo d e Expert Mode is available on some Pepwave routers for use by advanced users. To enable the

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feature, click on the help icon and click turn on Expert Mode
In Expert Mode, a new special rule, SpeedFusionTM Routes, is displayed in the Custom Rules table. This rule represents all SpeedFusionTM routes learned from remote VPN peers. By default, this bar is on the top of all custom rules. This position means that traffic for remote VPN subnets will be routed to the corresponding VPN peer. You can create custom Priority or Enforced rules and move them above the bar to override the SpeedFusionTM routes.
Upon disabling Expert Mode, all rules above the bar will be removed.

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16 P o rt Fo rw a rd in g
Pepwave routers can act as a firewall that blocks, by default, all inbound access from the Internet. By using port forwarding, Internet users can access servers behind the Pepwave router. Inbound port forwarding rules can be defined at Advanced>Port Forwarding.
To define a new service, click Add Service.

Port Forwarding Settings

Enable

This setting specifies whether the inbound service takes effect. When Enable is checked, the inbound service takes effect: traffic is matched and actions are taken by the Pepwave router based on the other parameters of the rule. When this setting is disabled, the inbound service does not take effect: the Pepwave router disregards the other parameters of the rule.

Service Name

This setting identifies the service to the system administrator. Valid values for this setting consist of only alphanumeric and underscore "_" characters.

IP Protocol

The IP Protocol setting, along with the Port setting, specifies the protocol of the service as TCP, UDP, ICMP, or IP. Traffic that is received by the Pepwave router via the specified protocol at the specified port(s) is forwarded to the LAN hosts specified by the Servers setting. Please see below for details on the Port and Servers settings. Alternatively, the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu can be used to automatically fill in the protocol and a single port number of common Internet services (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, etc.). After selecting an item from the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu, the protocol and port number remain manually modifiable.

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Port

The Port setting specifies the port(s) that correspond to the service, and can be configured to behave in one of the following manners: Any Port, Single Port, Port Range, Port Map, and Range Mapping
Any Port: all traffic that is received by the Pepwave router via the specified protocol is forwarded to the servers specified by the Servers setting. For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Any Port, all TCP traffic is forwarded to the configured servers.
Single Port: traffic that is received by the Pepwave router via the specified protocol at the specified port is forwarded via the same port to the servers specified by the Servers setting. For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Single Port and Service Port 80, TCP traffic received on port 80 is forwarded to the configured servers via port 80.
Port Range: traffic that is received by the Pepwave router via the specified protocol at the specified port range is forwarded via the same respective ports to the LAN hosts specified by the Servers setting. For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Port Range and Service Ports 80-88, TCP traffic received on ports 80 through 88 is forwarded to the configured servers via the respective ports.

Port Mapping: traffic that is received by Pepwave router via the specified protocol at the specified port is forwarded via a different port to the servers specified by the Servers setting.
For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Port Mapping, Service Port 80, and Map to Port 88, TCP traffic on port 80 is forwarded to the configured servers via port 88.
(Please see below for details on the Servers setting.)

Range Mapping: traffic that is received by the Pepwave router via the specified protocol at the specified port range is forwarded via a different port to the servers specified by the Servers setting.
Inbound IP This setting specifies the WAN connections and Internet IP address(es) from which the Address(es) service can be accessed.
Server IP This setting specifies the LAN IP address of the server that handles the requests for the Address service.

16 .1 UP n P / NAT-P MP Se t t in g s
UPnP and NAT-PMP are network protocols which allow a computer connected to the LAN port to automatically configure the router to allow parties on the WAN port to connect to itself. That

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way, the process of inbound port forwarding becomes automated. When a computer creates a rule using these protocols, the specified TCP/UDP port of all WAN connections' default IP address will be forwarded. Check the corresponding box(es) to enable UPnP and/or NAT-PMP. Enable these features only if you trust the computers connected to the LAN ports.
When the options are enabled, a table listing all the forwarded ports under these two protocols can be found at Status > UPnP / NAT-PMP.

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17 NAT Ma p p in g s
NAT mappings allow IP address mapping of all inbound and outbound NAT'd traffic to and from an internal client IP address. Settings to configure NAT mappings are located at Advanced > NAT Mappings.
To add a rule for NAT mappings, click Add NAT Rule.

LAN Client(s) Address
Range
Network Inbound

NAT Mapping Settings
NAT mapping rules can be defined for a single LAN IP Address, an IP Range, or an IP Network.
This refers to the LAN host's private IP address. The system maps this address to a number of public IP addresses (specified below) in order to facilitate inbound and outbound traffic. This option is only available when IP Address is selected.
The IP range is a contiguous group of private IP addresses used by the LAN host. The system maps these addresses to a number of public IP addresses (specified below) to facilitate outbound traffic. This option is only available when IP Range is selected.
The IP network refers to all private IP addresses and ranges managed by the LAN host. The system maps these addresses to a number of public IP addresses (specified below) to facilitate outbound traffic. This option is only available when IP Network is selected.
This setting specifies the WAN connections and corresponding WAN-specific

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Mappings
Outbound Mappings

Internet IP addresses on which the system should bind. Any access to the specified WAN connection(s) and IP address(es) will be forwarded to the LAN host. This option is only available when IP Address is selected in the LAN Client(s) field.
Note that inbound mapping is not needed for WAN connections in drop-in mode or IP forwarding mode. Also note that each WAN IP address can be associated to one NAT mapping only.
This setting specifies the WAN IP addresses that should be used when an IP connection is made from a LAN host to the Internet. Each LAN host in an IP range or IP network will be evenly mapped to one of each selected WAN's IP addresses (for better IP address utilization) in a persistent manner (for better application compatibility).
Note that if you do not want to use a specific WAN for outgoing accesses, you should still choose default here, then customize the outbound access rule in the Outbound Policy section. Also note that WAN connections in drop-in mode or IP forwarding mode are not shown here.

Click Save to save the settings when configuration has been completed. Important Note
Inbound firewall rules override the Inbound Mappings settings.

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18 Q o S

18 .1 Us e r Gro u p s

LAN and PPTP clients can be categorized into three user groups: Manager, Staff, and Guest. This menu allows you to define rules and assign client IP addresses or subnets to a user group. You can apply different bandwidth and traffic prioritization policies on each user group in the Bandwidth Control and Application sections (note that the options available here vary by model).

The table is automatically sorted by rule precedence. The smaller and more specific subnets are put towards the top of the table and have higher precedence; larger and less specific subnets are placed towards the bottom.

Click the Add button to define clients and their user group. Click the

button to remove the

defined rule. Two default rules are pre-defined and put at the bottom. They are All DHCP

reservation clients and Everyone, and they cannot be removed. The All DHCP reservation

client represents the LAN clients defined in the DHCP Reservation table on the LAN settings

page. Everyone represents all clients that are not defined in any rule above. Click on a rule to

change its group.

Add / Edit User Group

From the drop-down menu, choose whether you are going to define the client(s)

Subnet / IP Address

by an IP Address or a Subnet. If IP Address is selected, enter a name defined in DHCP reservation table or a LAN client's IP address. If Subnet is selected,

enter a subnet address and specify its subnet mask.

Group

This field is to define which User Group the specified subnet / IP address belongs to.

Once users have been assigned to a user group, their internet traffic will be restricted by rules defined for that particular group. Please refer to the following two sections for details.

18 .2 Ba n d w id t h Co n t ro l
You can define a maximum download speed (over all WAN connections) and upload speed (for

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each WAN connection) that each individual Staff and Guest member can consume. No limit can be imposed on individual Manager members. By default, download and upload bandwidth limits are set to unlimited (set as 0).
18 .3 Ap p lic a t io n
18 .3.1 Ap p lic a t io n P rio r it iza t io n On many Pepwave routers, you can choose whether to apply the same prioritization settings to all user groups or customize the settings for each group.
Three application priority levels can be set: High, Normal, andLow. Pepwave routers can detect various application traffic types by inspecting the packet content. Select an application by choosing a supported application, or by defining a custom application manually. The priority preference of supported applications is placed at the top of the table. Custom applications are at the bottom.

18 .3.2 P rio rit iza t io n fo r Cu s t o m Ap p lic a t io n s

Click the Add button to define a custom application. Click the button to delete the custom application in the corresponding row.

in the Action column

When Supported Applications is selected, the Pepwave router will inspect network traffic and prioritize the selected applications. Alternatively, you can select Custom Applications and define the application by providing the protocol, scope, port number, and DSCP value.

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18 .3.3 DSL/ Ca b le O p t im iza t io n
DSL/cable-based WAN connections have lower upload bandwidth and higher download bandwidth. When a DSL/cable circuit's uplink is congested, the download bandwidth will be affected. Users will not be able to download data at full speed until the uplink becomes less congested. DSL/Cable Optimization can relieve such an issue. When it is enabled, the download speed will become less affected by the upload traffic. By default, this feature is enabled.

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19 Fire w a ll
A firewall is a mechanism that selectively filters data traffic between the WAN side (the Internet) and the LAN side of the network. It can protect the local network from potential hacker attacks, access to offensive websites, and/or other inappropriate uses. The firewall functionality of Pepwave routers supports the selective filtering of data traffic in both directions:
Outbound (LAN to WAN) Inbound (WAN to LAN) Internal Network (VLAN to VLAN)
The firewall also supports the following functionality: Intrusion detection and DoS prevention Web blocking
With SpeedFusionTM enabled, the firewall rules also apply to VPN tunneled traffic.

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19 .1 O u t b o u n d a n d In b o u n d Fire w a ll Ru le s
19 .1.1 Ac c e s s Ru le s The outbound firewall settings are located at Advanced>Firewall>Access Rules>Outbound Firewall Rules.
Click Add Rule to display the following screen:

Inbound firewall settings are located at Advanced>Firewall>Access Rules>Inbound Firewall Rules.
Click Add Rule to display the following screen:

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Internal Network firewall settings are located at Advanced>Firewall>Access Rules>Internal Network Firewall Rules.
Click Add Rule to display the following window:

Inbound / Outbound / Internal Network Firewall Settings

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Rule Name Enable

This setting specifies a name for the firewall rule.
This setting specifies whether the firewall rule should take effect. If the box is checked, the firewall rule takes effect. If the traffic matches the specified protocol/IP/port, actions will be taken by the Pepwave router based on the other parameters of the rule. If the box is not checked, the firewall rule does not take effect. The Pepwave router will disregard the other parameters of the rule.

Click the dropdown menu next to the checkbox to place this firewall rule on a time schedule.

WAN Connection (Inbound)

Select the WAN connection that this firewall rule should apply to.

Protocol

This setting specifies the protocol to be matched. Via a drop-down menu, the following protocols can be specified:
Any TCP UDP ICMP DSCP IP Alternatively, the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu can be used to automatically fill in the protocol and port number of common Internet services (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, etc.)
After selecting an item from the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu, the protocol and port number remains manually modifiable.

Source IP & Port

This specifies the source IP address(es) and port number(s) to be matched for the firewall rule. A single address, or a network, can be specified as the Source IP & Port setting, as indicated by the following screenshot:

In addition, a single port, or a range of ports, can be specified for the Source IP & Port settings.

Destination IP & Port

This specifies the destination IP address(es) and port number(s) to be matched for the firewall rule. A single address, or a network, can be specified as the Destination IP & Port setting, as indicated by the following screenshot:
In addition, a single port, or a range of ports, can be specified for the Destination IP & Port settings.

Action

This setting specifies the action to be taken by the router upon encountering traffic that matches the both of the following:
Source IP & port Destination IP & port

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With the value of Allow for the Action setting, the matching traffic passes through the router (to be routed to the destination). If the value of the Action setting is set to Deny, the matching traffic does not pass through the router (and is discarded).

Event Logging

This setting specifies whether or not to log matched firewall events. The logged messages are shown on the page Status>Event Log. A sample message is as follows:
Aug 13 23:47:44 Denied CONN=Ethernet WAN SRC=20.3.2.1
DST=192.168.1.20 LEN=48 PROTO=TCP SPT=2260 DPT=80
CONN: The connection where the log entry refers to SRC: Source IP address DST: Destination IP address LEN: Packet length PROTO: Protocol SPT: Source port DPT: Destination port

Click Save to store your changes. To create an additional firewall rule, click Add Rule and repeat the above steps.
To change a rule's priority, simply drag and drop the rule:
Hold the left mouse button on the rule. Move it to the desired position. Drop it by releasing the mouse button.

To remove a rule, click the

button.

Rules are matched from top to bottom. If a connection matches any one of the upper rules, the matching process will stop. If none of the rules match, the Default rule will be applied. By default, the Default rule is set as Allow for Outbound, Inbound and Internal Network access.
Tip
If the default inbound rule is set to Allow for NAT-enabled WANs, no inbound Allow firewall rules will be required for inbound port forwarding and inbound NAT mapping rules. However, if the default

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inbound rule is set as Deny, a corresponding Allow firewall rule will be required.
19 .1.2 Ap p ly Fir e w a ll Ru le s t o P e p Vp n Tra ffic
When this option is enabled, Outbound Firewall Rules will be applied to PepVPN traffic. To turn on this feature, click , check the Enable check box, and press the Save button.
19 .1.3 In t ru s io n De t e c t io n a n d Do S P re ve n t io n
Pepwave routers can detect and prevent intrusions and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks from the Internet. To turn on this feature, click , check the Enable check box, and press the Save button. When this feature is enabled, the Pepwave router will detect and prevent the following kinds of intrusions and denial-of-service attacks.
Port scan o NMAP FIN/URG/PSH o Xmas tree o Another Xmas tree o Null scan o SYN/RST o SYN/FIN
SYN flood prevention Ping flood attack prevention

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19 .2 Co n t e n t Blo c k in g

19 .2.1 Application Blocking Choose applications to be blocked from LAN/PPTP/PepVPN peer clients' access, except for those on the Exempted User Groups or Exempted Subnets defined below.
19 .2.2 W e b Blo c k in g Defines website domain names to be blocked from LAN/PPTP/PepVPN peer clients' access

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except for those on the Exempted User Groups or Exempted Subnets defined below. If "foobar.com" is entered, any web site with a host name ending in foobar.com will be blocked, e.g. www.foobar.com, foobar.com, etc. However, "myfoobar.com" will not be blocked. You may enter the wild card ".*" at the end of a domain name to block any web site with a host name having the domain name in the middle. If you enter "foobar.*", then "www.foobar.com", "www.foobar.co.jp", or "foobar.co.uk" will be blocked. Placing the wild card in any other position is not supported. The device will inspect and look for blocked domain names on all HTTP and HTTPS traffic.
19 .2.3 Cu s t o m ize d Do m a in s Enter an appropriate website address, and the Pepwave MAX will block and disallow LAN/PPTP/SpeedFusionTM peer clients to access these websites. Exceptions can be added using the instructions in Sections 20.1.3.2 and 20.1.3.3. You may enter the wild card ".*" at the end of a domain name to block any web site with a host name having the domain name in the middle. For example, If you enter "foobar.*," then "www.foobar.com," "www.foobar.co.jp," or "foobar.co.uk" will be blocked. Placing the wild card in any other position is not supported. The Pepwave MAX will inspect and look for blocked domain names on all HTTP traffic. Secure web (HTTPS) traffic is not supported.
19 .2.4 Exe m p t e d Us e r Gro u p s Check and select pre-defined user group(s) who can be exempted from the access blocking rules. User groups can be defined at QoS>User Groups section. Please refer to Section 17.1 for details.
19 .2.5 Exe m p t e d Su b n e t s With the subnet defined in the field, clients on the particular subnet(s) can be exempted from the access blocking rules.
19 .2.6 URL Lo g g in g Click enable, and the enter the ip address and port (if applicable) where your remote syslog server is located.

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20 Routing Protocols
20 .1 O SP F & RIP v2
The Pepwave supports OSPF and RIPv2 dynamic routing protocols. Click the Advanced tab from the top bar, and then click the Routing Protocols > OSPF & RIPv2 item on the sidebar to reach the following menu:

Router ID Area

OSPF

This field determines the ID of the router. By default, this is specified as the LAN IP address. If you want to specify your own ID, enter it in the Custom field.

This is an overview of the OSPFv2 areas you have defined. Click on the area name

to configure it. To set a new area, click Add. To delete an existing area, click

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OSPF Settings

Area ID

Determine the name of your Area ID to apply to this group. Machines linked to this group will send and receive related OSPF packets, while unlinked machines will ignore it.

Link Type Choose the network type that this area will use.

Choose an authentication method, if one is used, from this drop-down menu.
Authentication Available options are MD5 and Text. Enter the authentication key next to the dropdown menu.

Interfaces Determine which interfaces this area will use to listen to and deliver OSPF packets

To access RIPv2 settings, click

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RIPv2 Settings
Choose an authentication method, if one is used, from this drop-down menu. Authentication Available options are MD5 and Text. Enter the authentication key next to the drop-
down menu.
Interfaces Determine which interfaces this group will use to listen to and deliver RIPv2 packets.

OSPF & RIPv2 Route Advertisement

PepVPN Route Isolate PepVPN peers from each other. Received PepVPN routes will not be

Isolation

forwarded to other PepVPN peers to reduce bandwidth consumption..

Network Advertising

Networks to be advertised over OSPF & RIPv2. If no network is selected, all LAN / VLAN networks will be advertised by default.

Static Route Advertising

Enable this option to advertise LAN static routes over OSPF & RIPv2. Static routes that match the Excluded Networks table will not be advertised.

20 .2 BGP
Click the Advanced tab from the top bar, and then click the Routing Protocols>BGP item on the sidebar to configure BGP.

Click "x" to delete a BGP profile. Click "Add" to add a new BGP profile.

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BGP

Name

This field is for specifying a name to represent this profile.

Enable

When this box is checked, this BGP profile will be enabled. Otherwise, it will be disabled.

Interface

The interface where BGP neighbor is located

Autonomous System

The Autonomous System Number (ASN) of this profile

Neighbor

BGP Neighbor's details

IP address Neighbor's IP address

Autonomous System

Neighbor's ASN

Multihop/TTL

Time-to-live

(TTL)

BGP

packet.

Leave it blank if BGP neighbor is directly connected, otherwise you must specify a

TTL value. Accurately, this option should be used if the configured neighbor IP

address does not match the selected Interface's network subnets. TTL value must be

between 2 to 255.

Password Optional password for MD5 authentication of BGP sessions.

AS-Path Prepending:

AS path to be prepended to the routes received from this neighbor. The value must be a comma separated ASN.
For example "64530,64531" will prepend "64530, 64531" to received routes.

Hold Time

Time in seconds to wait for a keepalive message from the neighbor before considering the BGP connection is staled.
This value must be either 0 (infinite hold time) or between 3 and 65535 inclusively.

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Network Advertising

Networks to be advertised to BGP neighbor.

Static Route Enable this option to advertise LAN static routes. Static routes that match the Advertising Excluded Networks table will not be advertised.

Advertise OSPF Route

When this box is checked, all learnt OSPF routes will be advertised.

Filter Mode
Restricted Networks

This option selects the route import filter mode.
None: all BGP routes will be accepted.
Accept: Routes in "Restricted Networks" will be accepted, routes not in the list will be rejected.
Reject: Routes in "Restricted Networks" will be rejected, routes not in the list will be accepted.

This specifies the network in the "route import" entry

Exact Match: When this box is checked, only routes with the same Networks and

Subnet

Mask

will

filtered.

Otherwise, routes within the Networks and Subnet will be filtered.

Export to other When this box is checked, routes learnt from this BGP profile will export to other BGP BGP Profile profiles.

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Export to OSPF

When this box is checked, routes learnt from this BGP profile will export to the OSPF routing protocol.

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21 Re m o t e Us e r Ac c e s s
A remote-access VPN connection allows an individual user to connect to a private business network from a remote location using a laptop or desktop computer connected to the Internet. Networks routed by a Pepwave router can be remotely accessed via OpenVPN, L2TP with IPsec or PPTP. To configure this feature, navigate to Network > Remote User Access and choose the required VPN type.
21.1 L2TP w it h IP s e c

L2TP with IPsec Remote User Access Settings

Pre-shared Key

Enter your pre shared key in the text field. Please note that remote devices will need this preshared key to access the Balance.

Listen On This setting is for specifying the WAN IP addresses that allow remote user access.

Disable Weak Click the button to show and enable this option.

Ciphers

When checked, weak ciphers such as 3DES will be disabled.

Continue to configure the authentication method.

21.2 O p e n VP N

Select OpenVPN and continue to configure the authentication method.
The OpenVPN Client profile can be downloaded from the Status > device page after the configuration has been saved.

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You have a choice between 2 different OpenVPN Client profiles:

"route

all

traffic"

profile

Using this profile, VPN clients will send all the traffic through the OpenVPN tunnel

"split

tunnel"

profile

Using this profile, VPN clients will ONLY send those traffic designated to the untagged

LAN and VLAN segment through the OpenVPN tunnel.

21.3 P P TP

No additional configuration required. The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is an obsolete method for implementing virtual private networks. PPTP has many well known security issues Continue to configure authentication method.
21.4 Au t h e n t ic a t io n Me t h o d s

Authentication Method

Connect to Network

Select the VLAN network for remote users to enable remote user access on.

Authentication Determine the method of authenticating remote users

User accounts: This setting allows you to define the Remote User Accounts. Click Add to input username and password to create an account. After adding the user accounts, you can click on a username to edit the account password.
Note: The username must contain lowercase letters, numerics, underscore(_), dash(-), at sign(@), and period(.) only. The password must be between 8 and 12 characters long.

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LDAP Server:
Enter the matching LDAP server details to allow for LDAP server authentication. Radius Server:
Enter the matching Radius server details to allow for Radius server authentication. Active Directory:
Enter the matching Active Directory details to allow for Active Directory server authentication.

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22 Mis c e lla n e o u s Se t t in g s
The miscellaneous settings include configuration for High Availability, Certificate Manager, service forwarding, service passthrough, GPS forwarding, GPIO, Groupe Networks and SIM Toolkit (depending the feature is supported on the model of Peplin router that is being used).
22.1 Hig h Ava ila b ilit y
Many Pepwave routers support high availability (HA) configurations via an open standard virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP, RFC 3768). In an HA configuration, two Pepwave routers provide redundancy and failover in a master-slave arrangement. In the event that the master unit is down, the slave unit becomes active. High availability will be disabled automatically where there is a drop-in connection configured on a LAN bypass port.

In the diagram, the WAN ports of each Pepwave router connect to the router and to the modem. Both Pepwave routers connect to the same LAN switch via a LAN port.
An elaboration on the technical details of the implementation of the virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP, RFC 3768) by Pepwave routers follows:
In an HA configuration, the two Pepwave routers communicate with each other using VRRP over the LAN.
The two Pepwave routers broadcast heartbeat signals to the LAN at a frequency of one heartbeat signal per second.
In the event that no heartbeat signal from the master Pepwave router is received in 3 seconds (or longer) since the last heartbeat signal, the slave Pepwave router becomes active.
The slave Pepwave router initiates the WAN connections and binds to a previously configured LAN IP address.
At a subsequent point when the master Pepwave router recovers, it will once again

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become active.

You can configure high availability at Advanced>Misc. Settings>High Availability.

Interface for Master Router

Interface for Slave Router

High Availability

Enable

Checking this box specifies that the Pepwave router is part of a high availability configuration.

This number identifies a pair of Pepwave routers operating in a high availability Group Number configuration. The two Pepwave routers in the pair must have the same Group
Number value.

Preferred Role

This setting specifies whether the Pepwave router operates in master or slave mode. Click the corresponding radio button to set the role of the unit. One of the units in the pair must be configured as the master, and the other unit must be configured as the slave.

Resume Master This option is displayed when Master mode is selected in Preferred Role. If this Role Upon option is enabled, once the device has recovered from an outage, it will take over and Recovery resume its Master role from the slave unit.

Configuration Sync.

This option is displayed when Slave mode is selected in Preferred Role. If this option is enabled and the Master Serial Number entered matches with the actual master unit's, the master unit will automatically transfer the configuration to this unit. Please make sure the LAN IP Address and the Subnet Mask fields are set correctly in the LAN settings page. You can refer to the Event Log for the configuration synchronization status.

Master Serial If Configuration Sync. is checked, the serial number of the master unit is required

Number

here for the feature to work properly.

Virtual IP

The HA pair must share the same Virtual IP. The Virtual IP and the LAN Administration IP must be under the same network.

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LAN Administration
IP

This setting specifies a LAN IP address to be used for accessing administration functionality. This address should be unique within the LAN.

Subnet Mask This setting specifies the subnet mask of the LAN.

Important Note
For Pepwave routers in NAT mode, the virtual IP (VIP) should be set as the default gateway for all hosts on the LAN segment. For example, a firewall sitting behind the Pepwave router should set its default gateway as the virtual IP instead of the IP of the master router.

In drop-in mode, no other configuration needs to be set.

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Please note that the drop-in WAN cannot be configured as a LAN bypass port while it is configured for high availability.
22.2 Ce rt ific a t e Ma n a g e r

This section allows for certificates to be assigned to the local VPN, Web Admin SSL, Captive Portal SSL, OpenVPN CA, Wi-Fi WAN Client certificate and Wi-Fi WAN CA Certificate.
The following knowledge base article describes how to create self-signed certificates and import it to a Peplink Product.

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https://forum.peplink.com/t/how-to-create-a-self-signed-certificate-and-import-it-to-a-peplinkproduct/
22.3 Se rvic e Fo rw a rd in g
Service forwarding settings are located at Advanced>Misc. Settings>Service Forwarding.

SMTP Forwarding
Web Proxy Forwarding
DNS Forwarding
Custom Service Forwarding

Service Forwarding
When this option is enabled, all outgoing SMTP connections destined for any host at TCP port 25 will be intercepted. These connections will be redirected to a specified SMTP server and port number. SMTP server settings for each WAN can be specified after selecting Enable.
When this option is enabled, all outgoing connections destined for the proxy server specified in Web Proxy Interception Settings will be intercepted. These connections will be redirected to a specified web proxy server and port number. Web proxy interception settings and proxy server settings for each WAN can be specified after selecting Enable.
When this option is enabled, all outgoing DNS lookups will be intercepted and redirected to the built-in DNS name server. If any LAN device is using the DNS name servers of a WAN connection, you may want to enable this option to enhance the DNS availability without modifying the DNS server setting of the clients. The built-in DNS name server will distribute DNS lookups to corresponding DNS servers of all available WAN connections. In this case, DNS service will not be interrupted, even if any WAN connection is down.
When custom service forwarding is enabled, outgoing traffic with the specified TCP port will be forwarded to a local or remote server by defining its IP address and port number.

22.3.1 SMTP Fo rw a rd in g
Some ISPs require their users to send e-mails via the ISP's SMTP server. All outgoing SMTP connections are blocked except those connecting to the ISP's. Pepwave routers support intercepting and redirecting all outgoing SMTP connections (destined for TCP port 25) via a

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WAN connection to the WAN's corresponding SMTP server.
To enable the feature, select Enable under SMTP Forwarding Setup. Check Enable Forwarding for the WAN connection(s) that needs forwarding. Under SMTP Server, enter the ISP's e-mail server host name or IP address. Under SMTP Port, enter the TCP port number for each WAN. The Pepwave router will intercept SMTP connections. Choose a WAN port according to the outbound policy, and then forward the connection to the SMTP server if the chosen WAN has enabled forwarding. If the forwarding is disabled for a WAN connection, SMTP connections for the WAN will be simply be forwarded to the connection's original destination.
Note If you want to route all SMTP connections only to particular WAN connection(s), you should create a custom rule in outbound policy (see Section 14.2).
22.3.2 W e b P ro xy Fo rw a rd in g

When this feature is enabled, the Pepwave router will intercept all outgoing connections destined for the proxy server specified in Web Proxy Interception Settings, choose a WAN connection with reference to the outbound policy, and then forward them to the specified web proxy server and port number. Redirected server settings for each WAN can be set here. If forwarding is disabled for a WAN, web proxy connections for the WAN will be simply forwarded

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to the connection's original destination. 22.3.3 DNS Fo rw a rd in g
When DNS forwarding is enabled, all clients' outgoing DNS requests will also be intercepted and forwarded to the built-in DNS proxy server. 22.3.4 Cu s t o m Se rvic e Fo rw a r d in g
After clicking the enable checkbox, enter your TCP port for traffic heading to the router, and then specify the IP Address and Port of the server you wish to forward to the service to.
22.4 Se rvic e P a s s t h ro u g h
Service passthrough settings can be found at Advanced>Misc. Settings>Service Passthrough.

Some Internet services need to be specially handled in a multi-WAN environment. Pepwave routers can handle these services such that Internet applications do not notice being behind a multi-WAN router. Settings for service passthrough support are available here.
Service Passthrough Support

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SIP H.323 FTP TFTP IPsec NAT-T

Session initiation protocol, aka SIP, is a voice-over-IP protocol. The Pepwave router can act as a SIP application layer gateway (ALG) which binds connections for the same SIP session to the same WAN connection and translate IP address in the SIP packets correctly in NAT mode. Such passthrough support is always enabled, and there are two modes for selection: Standard Mode and Compatibility Mode. If your SIP server's signal port number is non-standard, you can check the box Define custom signal ports and input the port numbers to the text boxes.
With this option enabled, protocols that provide audio-visual communication sessions will be defined on any packet network and pass through the Pepwave router.
FTP sessions consist of two TCP connections; one for control and one for data. In a multi-WAN situation, they must be routed to the same WAN connection. Otherwise, problems will arise in transferring files. By default, the Pepwave router monitors TCP control connections on port 21 for any FTP connections and binds TCP connections of the same FTP session to the same WAN. If you have an FTP server listening on a port number other than 21, you can check Define custom control ports and enter the port numbers in the text boxes.
The Pepwave router monitors outgoing TFTP connections and routes any incoming TFTP data packets back to the client. Select Enable if you want to enable TFTP passthrough support.
This field is for enabling the support of IPsec NAT-T passthrough. UDP ports 500, 4500, and 10000 are monitored by default. You may add more custom data ports that your IPsec system uses by checking Define custom ports. If the VPN contains IPsec site-to-site VPN traffic, check Route IPsec Site-to-Site VPN and choose the WAN connection to route the traffic to.

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22.5 UART
Selected Pepwave MAX routers feature a RS-232 serial interface on the built-in terminal block. The RS-232 serial interface can be used to connect to a serial device and make it accessible over an TCP/IP network. The serial interface can be enabled and parameters can be set on the web admin page under Advanced > UART. Make sure they match the serial device you are connecting to.

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There are 4 pins i.e. TX, RX, RTS, CTS on the terminal block for serial connection and they correspond to the pins in a DB-9 connector as follows:
DB-9 Pepwave MAX Terminal Block
Pin 1 �
Pin 2 Rx (rated -+25V)
Pin 3 Tx (rated -+12V)
Pin 4 �
Pin 5 �
Pin 6 �
Pin 7 RTS
Pin 8 CTS
Pin 9 � The RS232 serial interface is not an isolated RS232. External galvanic isolation may be added if required. Be sure to check whether your serial cable is a null modem cable, commonly known as crossover cable, or a straight through cable. If in doubt, swap Rx and Tx, and RTS and CTS, at the other end and give it another go. Once connected, your serial device should be accessible on your Pepwave MAX router LAN IP address at the specified TCP port.

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22.6 GP S Fo rw a rd in g
Using the GPS forwarding feature, some Pepwave routers can automatically send GPS reports to a specified server. To set up GPS forwarding, navigate to Advanced>GPS Forwarding.

GPS Forwarding

Enable

Check this box to turn on GPS forwarding.

Server

Enter the name/IP address of the server that will receive GPS data. Also specify a port number, protocol (UDP or TCP), and a report interval of between 1 and 10

seconds. Click

to save these settings.

GPS Report Format Choose from NMEA or TAIP format for sending GPS reports.

NMEA Sentence Type

If you've chosen to send GPS reports in NMEA format, select one or more sentence types for sending the data (GPRMC, GPGGA, GPVTG, GPGSA, and GPGSV).

Vehicle ID

The vehicle ID will be appended in the last field of the NMEA sentence. Note that the NMEA sentence will become customized and non-standard.

TAIP Sentence Type/TAIP ID
(optional)

If you've chosen to send GPS reports in TAIP format, select one or more sentence types for sending the data (PV--Position / Velocity Solution and CP--Compact Velocity Solution). You can also optionally include an ID number in the TAIP ID field.

22.7 Ig n it io n Se n s in g

Ignition Sensing detects the ignition signal status of a vehicle it is installed in.

This feature allows the cellular router to start up or shut down when the engine of that vehicle

started

turned

off.

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The time delay setting between ignition off and power down of the router is a configurable setting, which allows the router to stay on for a period of time after the engine of a vehicle is turned off.

Ignition Sensing installation

Functoin

Colour Wire

I/O optional*

Brown

IGN I/P connected to positive feed on the ignition .

Orange

DC IN -

connected to permanent negative feed (ground)

Black

DC IN connected to permanent positive feed (power

12VDC, 2A)).

Red

* Currently not functional; will be used for additional features in future firmware

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Connectivity diagram for devices with 4-pin connector Connectivity diagram for devices with terminal block connection

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GPIO Menu The Ignition Sensing options are available in Advanced > GPIO The configurable option for Ignition Input is Delay; the time in seconds the router stays powered on after the ignition is turned off.
Still under development: O/P (connected to I/O pin on 4 pin connector) can be configured as a digital input, digital output or analog input. Digital Input - the connection supports input sensing; it reads the external input and determine if the settings should be 'High' (on) or 'Low' (off). Digital Output - when there is a healthy WAN connection, the output pin is marked as 'High' (on). Otherwise, it will be marked as 'Low' (off). Analog Input - to be confirmed. In most cases should read the external input and determine the voltage level.

22.8 NTP Se rve r
Pepwave routers can now serve as a local NTP server. Upon start up, it is now able to provide connected devices with the accurate time, precise UTC from either an external NTP server or via GPS and ensuring that connected devices always receive the correct time. Compatible with: BR1 ENT, 700 HW3, HD2/4, Transit

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NTP Server setting can be found via: Advanced>Misc. Settings>NTP Server
Time Settings can be found at System>Time>Time Settings
22.9 Gro u p e d Ne t w o rk s
Advanced > Grouped Networks allows to configure destination networks in grouped format.
Select Add group to create a new group with single IPaddresses or subnets from different VLANs.

The created network groups can be used in outbound policies, firewall rules.
22.10 Re m o t e SIM Ma n a g e m e n t
The Remote SIM management accessible via Advanced > Misc Settings > Remote SIM Management, which enables SIM Injector discovery. Default is disabled.

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Remote SIM Host Settings

22.11 SIM To o lk it
The SIM Toolkit, accessible via Advanced > Misc Settings > SIM Toolkit, supports two functionalities, USSD and SMS.
USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) is a protocol used by mobile phones to communicate with their service provider's computers. One of the most common uses is to query the available balance.

Enter your USSD code under the USSD Code text field and click Submit.

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You will receive a confirmation. To check the SMS response, click Get.
After a few minutes you will receive a response to your USSD code
SMS The SMS option allows you to read SMS (text) messages that have been sent to the SIM in your Pepwave router.

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23 AP

23.1 AP Co n t ro lle r

The AP controller acts as a centralized controller of Pepwave Access Points.

With this feature, users can customize and manage up to 1500 Access Points from a single

Pepwave

router

interface.

To configure, navigate to the AP tab. and the following screen appears.

AP Controller

The AP controller for managing Pepwave APs can be enabled by checking this box.

When this option is enabled, the AP controller will wait for management connections

AP Management

originating from APs over the LAN on TCP and UDP port 11753. It will also wait for captive portal connections on TCP port 443. An extended DHCP option, CAPWAP

Access Controller addresses (field 138), will be added to the DHCP server. A local

DNS record, AP Controller, will be added to the local DNS proxy.

Sync Method

As soon as possible Progressively One at a time

Access points to manage can be specified here. If Any is selected, the AP controller Permitted AP will manage any AP that reports to it. If Approved List is selected, only APs with serial
numbers listed in the provided text box will be managed.

23.2 W ire le s s SSID

Current SSID information appears in the SSID section. To edit an existing SSID, click its name in the list. To add a new SSID, click Add. Note that the following settings vary by model. The below settings ishows a new SSID window with Advanced Settings enabled (these are available by selecting the question mark in the top right corner).

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SSID Enable VLAN
Broadcast SSID

SSID Settings
This setting specifies the SSID of the virtual AP to be scanned by Wi-Fi clients.
Click the drop-down menu to apply a time schedule to this interface
This setting specifies the VLAN ID to be tagged on all outgoing packets generated from this wireless network (i.e., packets that travel from the Wi-Fi segment through the Pepwave AP One unit to the Ethernet segment via the LAN port). The default value of this setting is 0, which means VLAN tagging is disabled (instead of tagged with zero).
This setting specifies whether or not Wi-Fi clients can scan the SSID of this wireless network. Broadcast SSID is enabled by default.

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Data Rate A

Select Auto to allow the Pepwave router to set the data rate automatically, or select Fixed and choose a rate from the displayed drop-down menu.

Multicast FilterA

This setting enables the filtering of multicast network traffic to the wireless SSID.

Multicast RateA

This setting specifies the transmit rate to be used for sending multicast network traffic. The selected Protocol and Channel Bonding settings will affect the rate options and values available here.

IGMP Snooping A

To allow the Pepwave router to listen to internet group management protocol (IGMP) network traffic, select this option.

DHCP Option 82 A

If you use a distributed DHCP server/relay environment, you can enable this option to provide additional information on the manner in which clients are physically connected to the network.

Layer 2 Isolation A

Layer 2 refers to the second layer in the ISO Open System Interconnect model.
When this option is enabled, clients on the same VLAN, SSID, or subnet are isolated to that VLAN, SSID, or subnet, which can enhance security. Traffic is passed to the upper communication layer(s). By default, the setting is disabled.

Maximum Number of Indicate the maximum number of clients that should be able to connect to

Clients

each frequency.

A - Advanced feature. Click the button on the top right-hand corner to activate.

Security Policy

Security Settings
This setting configures the wireless authentication and encryption methods. Available options :
Open (No Encryption) WPA3 -Personal (AES:CCMP) WPA2/WPA3 -Personal (AES:CCMP) WPA2 -Personal (AES:CCMP) WPA2 � Enterprise WPA/WPA2 - Personal (TKIP/AES: CCMP) WPA/WPA2 � Enterprise

When WPA/WPA2 - Enterprise is configured, RADIUS-based 802.1 x authentication is enabled. Under this configuration, the Shared Key option should be disabled. When

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using this method, select the appropriate version using the V1/V2 controls. The security level of this method is known to be very high.
When WPA/WPA2- Personal is configured, a shared key is used for data encryption and authentication. When using this configuration, the Shared Key option should be enabled. Key length must be between eight and 63 characters (inclusive). The security level of this method is known to be high.
NOTE:
When WPA2/WPA3- Personal is configured, if a managed AP which is NOT WPA3 PSK capable, the AP Controller will not push those WPA3 and WPA2/WPA3 SSID to that AP.

Restricted Mode

Access Control
The settings allow administrator to control access using MAC address filtering. Available options are None, Deny all except listed, and Accept all except listed

MAC Address List

Connection coming from the MAC addresses in this list will be either denied or accepted based on the option selected in the previous field.
If more than one MAC address needs to be entered, you can use a carriage return to separate them.

Host

RADIUS Server Settings
Enter the IP address of the primary RADIUS server and, if applicable, the secondary RADIUS server.

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Secret

Enter the RADIUS shared secret for the primary server and, if applicable, the secondary RADIUS server.

Authentication In field, enter the UDP authentication port(s) used by your RADIUS server(s) or click

Port

the Default button to enter 1812.

Accounting In field, enter the UDP accounting port(s) used by your RADIUS server(s) or click the

Port

Default button to enter 1813.

NAS-Identifier

Choose between Device Name, LAN MAC address, Device Serial Number and Custom Value

23.3 W ire le s s Me s h

Wireless Mesh Support is available on devices running 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) and above. Along with the AP Controller, mesh network extensions can be established, which can expand network coverage. Note that the Wireless Mesh settings need to match the Mesh ID and Shared Key of the other devices on the same selected frequency band.
To create a new Wireless Mesh profile, go to AP > Wireless Mesh, and click Add.

Wireless Mesh Settings

Mesh ID

Enter a name to represent the Mesh profile.

Frequency Select the 2.4GHz or 5GHz frequency to be used.

Shared Key

Enter the shared key in the text field. Please note that it needs to match the shared keys of the other APs in the Wireless Mesh settings.
Click Hide / Show Characters to toggle visibility.

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23.4 Se t t in g s
On many Pepwave models, the AP settings screen (AP>Settings) looks similar to the example below:

AP Settings

SSID

These buttons specify which wireless networks will use this AP profile. You can also select the frequencies at which each network will transmit. Please note that the Pepwave MAX does not detect whether the AP is capable of transmitting at both frequencies. Instructions to transmit at unsupported frequencies will be ignored by the AP.

Operating Country This drop-down menu specifies the national / regional regulations which the AP

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Preferred Frequency
Protocol Channel Width
Channel
Auto Channel Update
Output PowerA

should follow. If a North American region is selected, RF channels 1 to 11 will be available and the maximum transmission power will be 26 dBm (400 mW). If European region is selected, RF channels 1 to 13 will be available. The maximum transmission power will be 20 dBm (100 mW).
NOTE: Users are required to choose an option suitable to local laws and regulations. Per FCC regulation, the country selection is not available on all models marketed in the US. All US models are fixed to US channels only.
These buttons determine the frequency at which access points will attempt to broadcast. This feature will only work for APs that can transmit at both 5.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies.
This section displays the 2.4 GHz protocols your APs are using.
There are three options: 20 MHz, 20/40 MHz, and 40 MHz. With this feature enabled, the Wi-Fi system can use two channels at once. Using two channels improves the performance of the Wi-Fi connection.
This drop-down menu selects the 802.11 channel to be utilized. Available options are from 1 to 11 and from 1 to 13 for the North America region and Europe region, respectively. (Channel 14 is only available when the country is selected as Japan with protocol 802.11b.) If Auto is set, the system will perform channel scanning based on the scheduled time set and choose the most suitable channel automatically.
Indicate the time of day at which update automatic channel selection.
This drop-down menu determines the power at which the AP under this profile will broadcast. When fixed settings are selected, the AP will broadcast at the specified power level, regardless of context. When Dynamic settings are selected, the AP will adjust its power level based on its surrounding APs in order to maximize performance. The Dynamic: Auto setting will set the AP to do this automatically. Otherwise, the Dynamic: Manual setting will set the AP to dynamically adjust only if instructed to do so. If you have set Dynamic:Manual, you can go to AP>Toolbox>Auto Power Adj. to give your AP further instructions.

Client Signal Strength
ThresholdA
Max number of ClientsA

If you click the Boost checkbox, the AP under this profile will transmit using additional power. Please note that using this option with several APs in close proximity will lead to increased interference.
This field determines that maximum signal strength each individual client will receive. The measurement unit is megawatts.
This field determines the maximum clients that can be connected to APs under this profile.

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This field specifies the VLAN ID to tag to management traffic, such as AP to AP

Management VLAN controller communication traffic. The value is 0 by default, meaning that no VLAN

tagging will be applied. NOTE: change this value with caution as alterations may

result in loss of connection to the AP controller.

Operating Schedule

Choose from the schedules that you have defined in System>Schedule. Select the schedule for the integrated AP to follow from the drop-down menu.

Beacon RateA

This drop-down menu provides the option to send beacons in different transmit bit rates. The bit rates are 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 6Mbps, and 11Mbps.

Beacon IntervalA

This drop-down menu provides the option to set the time between each beacon send. Available options are 100ms, 250ms, and 500ms.

DTIMA

This field provides the option to set the frequency for beacon to include delivery traffic indication message (DTIM). The interval unit is measured in milliseconds.

RTS ThresholdA

This field provides the option to set the minimum packet size for the unit to send an RTS using the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting 0 disables this feature.

Fragmentation Determines the maximum size (in bytes) that each packet fragment will be broken

ThresholdA

down into. Set 0 to disable fragmentation.

Distance/Time ConverterA

Select the distance you want your Wi-Fi to cover in order to adjust the below parameters. Default values are recommended.

Slot TimeA

This field provides the option to modify the unit wait time before it transmits. The default value is 9V.

ACK TimeoutA

This field provides the option to set the wait time to receive acknowledgement packet before doing retransmission. The default value is 48V.

Frame AggregationA

With this feature enabled, throughput will be increased by sending two or more data frames in a single transmission.

Frame Length

This field is only available when Frame Aggregation is enabled. It specifies the frame length for frame aggregation. By default, it is set to 50000.

A - Advanced feature. Click the button on the top right-hand corner to activate.

Web Administration Settings

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Enable

Check the box to allow the Pepwave router to manage the web admin access information of the AP.

Web Access Protocol

These buttons specify the web access protocol used for accessing the web admin of the AP. The two available options are HTTP and HTTPS.

Management Port This field specifies the management port used for accessing the device.

HTTP to HTTPS Redirection

This option will be available if you have chosen HTTPS as the Web Access Protocol. With this enabled, any HTTP access to the web admin will redirect to HTTPS automatically.

Admin User Name

This field specifies the administrator username of the web admin. It is set as admin by default.

This field allows you to specify a new administrator password. You may also click Admin Password the Generate button and let the system generate a random password
automatically.

Navigating to AP>Settings on some Pepwave models displays a screen similar to the one shown below:

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Operating Country
Wi-Fi Antenna

Wi-Fi Radio Settings This option sets the country whose regulations the Pepwave router follows. Choose from the router's internal or optional external antennas, if so equipped.

Important Note
Per FCC regulations, the country selection is not available on all models marketed in the US. All US models are fixed to US channels only.

Protocol Channel Channel Width Output Power Beacon RateA

Wi-Fi AP Settings
This option allows you to specify whether 802.11b and/or 802.11g client association requests will be accepted. Available options are 802.11ng and 802.11na. By default, 802.11ng is selected.
This option allows you to select which 802.11 RF channel will be used. Channel 1 (2.412 GHz) is selected by default.
Auto (20/40 MHz) and 20 MHz are available. The default setting is Auto (20/40 MHz), which allows both widths to be used simultaneously.
This option is for specifying the transmission output power for the Wi-Fi AP. There are 4 relative power levels available � Max, High, Mid, and Low. The actual output power will be bound by the regulatory limits of the selected country.
This option is for setting the transmit bit rate for sending a beacon. By default, 1Mbps is selected.

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Beacon IntervalA

This option is for setting the time interval between each beacon. By default, 100ms is selected.

DTIMA

This field allows you to set the frequency for the beacon to include a delivery traffic indication message. The interval is measured in milliseconds. The default value is set to 1 ms.

Slot TimeA

This field is for specifying the wait time before the Router transmits a packet. By default, this field is set to 9 s.

ACK TimeoutA

This field is for setting the wait time to receive an acknowledgement packet before performing a retransmission. By default, this field is set to 48 s.

Frame AggregationA

This option allows you to enable frame aggregation to increase transmission throughput.

Guard IntervalA

This setting allows choosing a short or long guard period interval for your transmissions.

A - Advanced feature, please click the button on the top right-hand corner to activate.

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24 AP Co n t ro lle r St a t u s
24 .1 In fo
A comprehensive overview of your AP can be accessed by navigating to AP > Controller Status > Info.

License Limit Frequency
SSID No. of APs No.of Clients

AP Controller
This field displays the maximum number of AP your Balance router can control. You can purchase licenses to increase the number of AP you can manage.
Underneath, there are two check boxes labeled 2.4 Ghz and 5 Ghz. Clicking either box will toggle the display of information for that frequency. By default, the graphs display the number of clients and data usage for both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz frequencies.
The colored boxes indicate the SSID to display information for. Clicking any colored box will toggle the display of information for that SSID. By default, all the graphs show information for all SSIDs.
This pie chart and table indicates how many APs are online and how many are offline.
This graph displays the number of clients connected to each network at any given time. Mouse over any line on the graph to see how many clients connected to a

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Data Usage

specific SSID for that point in time.
This graph enables you to see the data usage of any SSID for any given time period. Mouse over any line on the graph to see the data usage by each SSID for that point in time. Use the buttons next to Zoom to select the time scale you wish to view. In addition, you could use the sliders at the bottom to further refine your timescale.

Events
This event log displays all activity on your AP network, down to the client level. Click View Alerts to see only alerts, and click the More... link for additional records.

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