4RF SQ450M140 P-TO-MP FIXED TRANSMITTER, SCADA APPLICATIONS User Manual Aprisa SR Product Description

4RF Limited P-TO-MP FIXED TRANSMITTER, SCADA APPLICATIONS Aprisa SR Product Description

User Manual

April 2013 Version 1.0.0.03 (for General Availability Release in October 2013)
| 1 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Copyright Copyright © 2013 4RF Limited. All rights reserved. This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Limited and may not be reproduced or republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF Limited. Trademarks Aprisa and the 4RF logo are trademarks of 4RF Limited. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. Disclaimer Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Limited assumes no liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information. This document or the equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product. RoHS and WEEE compliance The Aprisa SR+ is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) environmental directives. Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these hazardous substances: lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). 4RF has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS Directive which came into effect on the 1st July 2006. End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE) The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical equipment. Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed of properly. 4RF has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste in an environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC). 4RF invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental programmes and compliance with the European Commission’s Directives (sales@4RF.com).
2 | Aprisa SR+ Product Description Compliance General The Aprisa SR+ radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is being operated. It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met. Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF are based on the Aprisa SR+ radio equipment being installed at a fixed location and operated in point-to-multipoint or point-to-point mode within the environmental profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.4. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate the authorizations and / or license conditions. The term ‘Radio’ with reference to the Aprisa SR+ User Manual, is a generic term for one end station of a point-to-multipoint Aprisa SR+ network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or to operate the equipment within any territory. Compliance European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI compliance pending for the Aprisa SR+. Compliance Federal Communications Commission FCC compliance pending for the Aprisa SR+. Compliance Industry Canada IC compliance pending for the Aprisa SR+.
| 3 Aprisa SR+ Product Description RF Exposure Warning WARNING: The installer and / or user of Aprisa SR+ radios shall ensure that a separation distance as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons. Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the following methodologies: 1. Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or general public) of 47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65. 2. Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the requirements of EN 50385:2002. Frequency (MHz) Maximum Power (dBm) Maximum Antenna Gain (dBi) Minimum Separation Distance (m) 300 + 37 15 2.5 330 + 37 15 2.5 400 + 37 15 2.5 470 + 37 15 2.3 520 + 37 15 2.2 850 + 37 28 7.7 960 + 37 28 7.2
Contents | 5 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................ 9 The 4RF Aprisa SR+ Radio ....................................................................... 9 Product Overview ............................................................................... 10 Network Coverage and Capacity ....................................................... 10 Automatic Registration .................................................................. 10 Remote Messaging ........................................................................ 10 Product Features ......................................................................... 11 Functions .................................................................................. 11 Performance .............................................................................. 11 Usability ................................................................................... 11 Architecture...................................................................................... 12 Security ........................................................................................... 12 Interfaces ......................................................................................... 13 Antenna Interface ........................................................................ 13 Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 13 RS-232 Interface .......................................................................... 13 USB Interfaces ............................................................................ 13 Alarm Interface ........................................................................... 13 AUX Interface ............................................................................. 13 Mounting .......................................................................................... 14 DIN Rail Mounting ........................................................................ 14 Rack Shelf Mounting ..................................................................... 16 Wall Mounting ............................................................................. 16 2. Product Options ......................................................................... 17 Interface Ports ................................................................................... 17 Protected Station ............................................................................... 18 Operation .................................................................................. 18 Switch Over ........................................................................ 19 Configuration Management ...................................................... 19 Data Driven Protected Station................................................................. 20 Operation .................................................................................. 20
6 | Contents Aprisa SR+ Product Description 3. Specifications ............................................................................ 21 RF Specifications ................................................................................ 21 ETSI Compliant ............................................................................ 21 Frequency Bands .................................................................. 21 Channel Sizes ...................................................................... 21 Transmitter ......................................................................... 22 Receiver ............................................................................ 24 Modem .............................................................................. 24 Data Payload Security ............................................................ 24 Interface Specifications ........................................................................ 25 Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 25 RS-232 Asynchronous Interface ......................................................... 25 Protection Switch Specifications ....................................................... 26 Power Specifications ............................................................................ 27 Power Supply .............................................................................. 27 Power Consumption ...................................................................... 27 Power Dissipation ........................................................................ 28 General Specifications .......................................................................... 29 Environmental ............................................................................ 29 Mechanical ................................................................................ 29 Compliance ................................................................................ 29 4. Management ............................................................................. 31 SuperVisor ........................................................................................ 31 Viewing the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Settings ............................................ 32 Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Details ......................................... 33 Configuring the Aprisa SR+ RF Network Details ...................................... 33 Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Radio Settings ............................................ 34 Command Line Interface ....................................................................... 35 SNMP .............................................................................................. 35 LED Display Panel ............................................................................... 36 Normal Operation ........................................................................ 36 Single Radio Software Upgrade ......................................................... 37 Network Software Upgrade ............................................................. 37 Test Mode ................................................................................. 37 5. Applications .............................................................................. 38 Basic point-to-multipoint application ........................................................ 38 Advanced point-to-multipoint application with repeater ................................. 39 Multi-interface point-to-multipoint application ............................................ 40 6. Architecture ............................................................................. 41 Product Description ............................................................................. 41 Physical Layer ............................................................................. 41 Data Link Layer / MAC layer ............................................................ 41 Channel Access .................................................................... 41 Hop by Hop Transmission ......................................................... 42 Network Layer ............................................................................ 43 Packet Routing ..................................................................... 43 Security ........................................................................................... 44 Product Architecture .................................................................... 45 Aprisa SR+ Block Diagram ............................................................... 46
Contents | vii 7. Contact Us ................................................................................ 47
Introduction | 9 Aprisa SR+ Product Description 1. Introduction The 4RF Aprisa SR+ Radio The 4RF Aprisa SR+ is a point-to-multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data connectivity for SCADA, infrastructure and telemetry applications. The radios carry a combination of serial packet data and Ethernet data between the base station, repeater stations and remote stations. The Aprisa SR+ is configurable as a point-to-multipoint base station, a remote station or a repeater station.
10 | Introduction Aprisa SR+ Product Description Product Overview Network Coverage and Capacity In a simple point-to-multipoint network, an Aprisa SR+ base station can communicate with up to a practical limit of 150 remote stations. The Aprisa SR+ has a typical link range of up to 60 km, however, geographic features, such as hills, mountains, trees and foliage, or other path obstructions, such as buildings, tend to limit radio coverage. Additionally, geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors may occur and require retransmission. However, the Aprisa SR+ uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) which greatly improves the sensitivity performance of the radio resulting in less retries and minimal reduction in capacity. Ultimately, the overall performance of any specific network will be defined by a range of factors including the geographic location, the number of remote stations in the base station coverage area and the traffic profile across the network. Effective network design will distribute the total number of remote stations across the available base stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity. Automatic Registration On start-up, the remote station transmits a registration message to the base stations which responds with a registration response. This allows the base station to record the details of all the remote stations active in the network. If a remote station cannot register with the base station after multiple attempts (RF LED flashing red) within 10 minutes, it will automatically reboot. If a remote station has registered with the base station but then loses communication, it will automatically reboot within 2 minutes. Remote Messaging There are two message types in the Aprisa SR+ network, broadcast messages and unicast messages. Broadcast messages are transmitted by the base station to the remote stations and unicast messages are transmitted by the remote station to the base station. These messages are commonly referred to as uplink (unicast remote to base) and downlink (broadcast base to remote). All remotes within the coverage area will receive broadcast messages and pass them on to either the Ethernet or serial interface. The RTU determines if the message is intended for it and will accept it or discard it.
Introduction | 11 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Product Features Functions Point-to-Point (PTP) or Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) operation Licensed frequency bands: UHF 330-400 MHz UHF 400-470 MHz UHF 928-960 MHz Channel sizes – software selectable: 12.5 kHz 25 kHz Adaptive modulation: QPSK to 64 QAM Half duplex or full duplex RF operation Ethernet data interface and RS-232 asynchronous multiple port options Software selectable dual / single antenna port options (dual antenna port for external duplexers or filters) Data encryption and authentication Terminal Server Build-configuration / flexbility of interface ports (3+1, 2+2, 4+0) Radio and user interface redundancy (provided with Aprisa SR+ Protected Station) Protected Station fully hot swappable and monitored hot standby Complies with international standards, including ETSI RF, EMC, safety and environmental standards Performance Typical deployment of 30 remote stations from one base station with a practical limit of a few hundred remote stations Long distance operation High transmit power Low noise receiver Forward Error Correction Electronic tuning over the frequency band Thermal management for high power over a wide temperature range Usability Configuration / diagnostics via front panel Management Port USB interface, Ethernet interface Built-in webserver with full configuration, diagnostics and monitoring functionality, including remote station configuration / diagnostics over the radio link LED display for on-site diagnostics Dedicated alarm port Software upgrade and diagnostic reporting via the Host Port USB flash drive Over-the-air software distribution and upgrades Simple installation with integrated mounting holes for wall, DIN rail and rack shelf mounting
12 | Introduction Aprisa SR+ Product Description Architecture The Aprisa SR+ Architecture is based around a layered TCP/IP protocol stack: Physical Proprietary wireless Standard RS-232 and Ethernet Link Proprietary wireless (channel access, ARQ, segmentation) Standard Ethernet Network Standard IP Proprietary automatic radio routing table population algorithm Transport Standard TCP, UDP Application Proprietary management application software Security The Aprisa SR+ provides security features to implement the key recommendations for industrial control systems. The security provided builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies, including: IEC/TR 62443 (TC65) ‘Industrial Communications Networks – Network and System Security’ IEC/TS 62351 (TC57) ‘Power System Control and Associated Communications – Data and Communication Security’ The security features implemented are: Data encryption Counter Mode Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Data authentication Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Data payload security CCM Counter with CBC-MAC integrity (NIST special publication 800-38C) Secured management interface protects configuration Address filtering enables traffic source authorization Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE 802.15.4 Licensed radio spectrum protects against interference
Introduction | 13 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Interfaces Antenna Interface 2 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connectors Software selectable single or dual antenna port operation. Ethernet Interface 2, 3 or 4 ports 10/100 base-T Ethernet layer 2 switch using RJ-45 Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management. RS-232 Interface 2, 1 or 0 RS-232 asynchronous ports using RJ-45 connector Used for RS-232 asynchronous user traffic only. USB Interfaces 1 x Management Port using USB micro type B connector Used for product configuration with the Command Line Interface (CLI). 1 x Host Port using USB standard type A connector Used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting. Alarm Interface 1x Alarm Port using RJ-45 connector Used for monitoring and control of protection switches. AUX Interface 1x Port using a QMA female connector Reserved for future use.
14 | Introduction Aprisa SR+ Product Description Mounting The Aprisa SR+ has four threaded holes (M4) in the enclosure base and two holes (5.2 mm) through the enclosure for mounting. Mounting options include: DIN rail mounting with the Aprisa SR+ DIN Rail Mounting Bracket Rack shelf mounting Wall mounting Outdoor enclosure mounting DIN Rail Mounting The Aprisa SR+ has an optional accessory to enable the radio to mount on a standard DIN rail: Part Number Part Description APSA-MBRK-DIN-SQ 4RF SR Acc, Bracket, DIN Rail, Aprisa SR+
Introduction | 15 Aprisa SR+ Product Description The Aprisa SR+ DIN rail mounting bracket can be mounted in four positions on a horizontal DIN rail: Vertical Mount (vertical enclosure perpendicular to the mount) Horizontal Mount (horizontal enclosure perpendicular to the mount) Flat Vertical Mount (vertical enclosure parallel to the mount) Flat Horizontal Mount (horizontal enclosure parallel to the mount)
16 | Introduction Aprisa SR+ Product Description Rack Shelf Mounting The Aprisa SR+ can be mounted on a rack mount shelf using the four M4 threaded holes in the Aprisa SR+ enclosure base. The following picture shows two Aprisa SR+ radios mounted on 1 RU rack mount shelf. Wall Mounting The Aprisa SR+ can be mounted on a wall using the two holes through the enclosure (5.2 mm diameter). Typically, M5 screws longer than 35 mm would be used.
Product Options | 17 Aprisa SR+ Product Description 2. Product Options Interface Ports The standard Aprisa SR+ provides multiple interface port options for combinations of Ethernet and RS-232 serial. The product shown below is the two Ethernet ports plus two RS-232 serial ports. Interface Port Option Part Number 4 Ethernet ports and no RS-232 serial ports APSQ-N400-SSC-HD-40-ETAA 3 Ethernet ports and 1 RS-232 serial port APSQ-N400-SSC-HD-31-ETAA 2 Ethernet ports and 2 RS-232 serial ports APSQ-N400-SSC-HD-22-ETAA
18 | Product Options Aprisa SR+ Product Description Protected Station The Aprisa SR+ Protected Station provides radio and user interface protection for Aprisa SR+ radios when configured as a base station. The RF ports and interface ports from two standard Aprisa SR+ radios are switched to the standby radio if there is a failure in the active radio. Option Example Part Number Part Description APSQ-R400-SSC-FD-22-ETAA 4RF SR+, PS, 400-470 MHz, SSC, Full Duplex, 2E2S, ET, AA The Aprisa SR+ Protected Station is comprised of an Aprisa SR+ Protection Switch and two standard Aprisa SR+ radios mounted in a 2U rack mounting chassis. The Aprisa SR+ Protected Station is full monitored hot-standby and fully hot-swappable. All interfaces (RF, data, etc.) are continually monitored on both the active and standby radio to ensure correct operation. The standby radio can be replaced without impacting traffic flow on the active radio. The Aprisa SR+ radios can be any of the currently available Aprisa SR+ radio frequency bands, channel sizes or interface port options. By default, the Aprisa SR+ Protected Station is configured with the left hand radio (A) designated as the primary radio and the right hand radio (B) designated as the secondary radio. Each radio is configured with its own unique IP and MAC address and the address of the partner radio. On power-up, the primary radio will assume the active role and the secondary radio will assume the standby role. If, for some reason, only one radio is powered on it will automatically assume the active role. Operation In normal operation, the active radio carries all RS-232 serial and Ethernet traffic over the radio link and the standby radio is unused with its transmitter turned off. Both radios are continually monitored for correct operation and alarms are raised if an event occurs. The active radio sends regular ‘keep alive’ messages to the standby radio to indicate it is operating correctly. In the event of a failure on the active radio, the RF link and user interface traffic is automatically switched to the standby radio. The failed radio can then be replaced in the field without interrupting user traffic (see Aprisa SR+ User Manual).
Product Options | 19 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Switch Over The switch over to the standby radio can be initiated automatically, on fault detection, or manually via the Hardware Manual Lock switch on the Protection Switch or the Software Manual Lock from SuperVisor. Additionally, it is possible to switch over the radios remotely without visiting the station site, via the remote control connector on the front of the Protection Switch. Configuration Management The Primary and Secondary radios are managed with the embedded web-based management tool, SuperVisor, by using either the Primary or Secondary IP address. Configuration changes in one of the radios will automatically be reflected in the partner radio. To ensure all remote stations are registered to the correct (active) base station, changes to the Network Table are automatically synchronized from the active radio to the standby radio. The Network Table is only visible on the active radio. This synchronization does not occur if the Hardware Manual Lock is active.
20 | Product Options Aprisa SR+ Product Description Data Driven Protected Station The Aprisa SR+ Data Driven Protected Station provides radio and RS-232 serial port user interface protection for Aprisa SR+ radios when configured as a base station. Option Example Part Number Part Description APSQ-D400-SSC-FD-22-ETAA 4RF SR+, PD, 400-470 MHz, SSC, Full Duplex, 2E2S, ET, AA The Aprisa SR+ Data Driven Protected Station shown is comprised of two standard Aprisa SR+ dual antenna port option radios and two external duplexers mounted on 19" rack mounting shelves (as shown above). The Aprisa SR+ radios can be any of the currently available Aprisa SR+ radio frequency bands, channel sizes or single / dual antenna port options. By default, the Aprisa SR+ Data Driven Protected Station is configured with the left hand radio (A) designated as the primary radio and the right hand radio (B) designated as the secondary radio. Each radio is configured with its own unique IP and MAC address and the address of the partner radio. On power-up, the primary radio will assume the active role and the secondary radio will assume the standby role. If, for some reason, only one radio is powered on it will automatically assume the active role. Operation In normal operation, the active radio carries all RS-232 serial and Ethernet traffic over the radio link and the standby radio is unused with its transmitter turned off. Both radios are continually monitored for correct operation and alarms are raised if an event occurs. Both the active and standby radios send regular ‘keep alive’ messages to each other to indicate if they are operating correctly. In the event of a failure on the active radio, the RF link and user interface traffic is automatically switched to the standby radio. The failed radio can then be replaced in the field without interrupting user traffic.
Specifications | 21 Aprisa SR+ Product Description 3. Specifications RF Specifications ETSI Compliant Frequency Bands Broadcast Band Frequency Band Frequency Tuning Range Synthesizer Step Size UHF 300 MHz 330-400 MHz 6.250 kHz UHF 400 MHz 400-470 MHz 6.250 kHz UHF 900 MHz 928-960 MHz 6.250 kHz Channel Sizes Channel Size Gross Radio Capacity 64 QAM 16 QAM QPSK 4-CPFSK 12.5 kHz 60.0 kbit/s 40.0 kbit/s 20.0 kbit/s 9.6 kbit/s 25 kHz 120.0 kbit/s 80.0 kbit/s 40.0 kbit/s 19.2 kbit/s
22 | Specifications Aprisa SR+ Product Description Transmitter Average Power output 64 QAM 0.01 to 1.25 W (+10 to +34 dBm, in 1 dB steps) Note: The Peak Envelope Power (PEP) at maximum set power level is +41 dBm. 16 QAM 0.01 to 2.5 W (+10 to +35 dBm, in 1 dB steps) QPSK 0.01 to 5.0 W (+10 to +37 dBm, in 1 dB steps) 4-CPFSK 0.01 to 10.0 W (+10 to +40 dBm, in 1 dB steps) When the transmitter power is set from SuperVisor, it sets the output power of the preamble sent with every transmit burst. The actual power per modulation will be: Preamble Average Power SuperVisor Setting QPSK Average Power SuperVisor Setting 16 QAM Average Power SuperVisor Setting -2 dBm 64 QAM Average Power SuperVisor Setting -3 dBm Peak Power +41 dBm Note: The Aprisa SR+ transmitter contains power amplifier protection which allows the antenna to be disconnected from the antenna port without product damage. Adjacent channel power < - 60 dBc Transient adjacent channel power < - 50 dBc Spurious emissions < - 37 dBm Attack time < 1.5 ms Release time < 1.5 ms Data turnaround time < 10 ms Frequency stability ± 1 ppm Frequency aging < 1 ppm / annum Synthesizer lock time < 1.5 ms (5 MHz step) Note: The demo Aprisa SR+ (model number SQ D400-002) has a maximum transmitter power of 5 W with a peak power of +37 dBm. It also does not support 4-CPFSK modulation.
Specifications | 23 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Maintenance > Test Mode TRANSMITTER PRBS Test Enabled When active, the transmitter outputs a continuous PRBS signal. This can be used for evaluating the output spectrum of the transmitter and verifying adjacent channel power and spurious emission products. Deviation Test Enabled When active, the transmitter outputs a sideband tone at the deviation frequency used by the CPFSK modulator. This can be used to evaluate the local oscillator leakage and sideband rejection performance of the transmitter. CW Test Enabled When active, the transmitter outputs a continuous wave signal. This can be used to verify the frequency stability of the transmitter. Test Mode Timeout (s) This parameter sets the Transmitter Test Mode timeout period. The radio will automatically exit Transmitter Test Mode after the Timeout period. The default setting is 10 seconds.
24 | Specifications Aprisa SR+ Product Description Receiver 12.5 kHz 25 kHz Receiver sensitivity BER < 10-2 4-CPFSK –115 dBm –112 dBm BER < 10-2 QPSK –115 dBm –112 dBm BER < 10-2 16 QAM –109 dBm –106 dBm BER < 10-2 64 QAM –103 dBm –99 dBm BER < 10-6 4-CPFSK –108 dBm –105 dBm BER < 10-6 QPSK –108 dBm –105 dBm BER < 10-6 16 QAM –102 dBm –99 dBm BER < 10-6 64 QAM –96 dBm –92 dBm Adjacent channel selectivity > 60 dB > 66 dB Co-channel rejection max coded QPSK > –5 dB Co-channel rejection max coded 64 QAM > –20 dB Intermodulation response rejection > 70 dB Blocking or desensitization > 84 dB Spurious response rejection > 75 dB Modem Forward Error Correction Variable length concatenated Reed Solomon plus convolutional code Adaptive Burst Support Adaptive FEC Adaptive modulation Data Payload Security Data payload security CCM* Counter with CBC-MAC Data encryption Counter Mode Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128, 192 or 256 Data authentication Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128, 192 or 256
Specifications | 25 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Interface Specifications Ethernet Interface The Aprisa SR+ radio features an integrated 10Base-T/100Base-TX layer-2 Ethernet switch. To simplify network setup, each port supports auto-negotiation and auto-sensing MDI/MDIX. Operators can select from the following preset modes: Auto negotiate 10Base-T half or full duplex 100Base-TX half or full duplex The switch is IEEE 802.3-compatible. It passes VLAN tagged traffic. General Interface RJ-45 x 2 (Integrated 2-port switch) Cabling CAT-5 UTP, supports auto MDIX (Standard Ethernet) Maximum line length 100 metres on cat-5 or better Bandwidth allocation The Ethernet capacity maximum is determined by the available radio link capacity. Maximum transmission unit Option setting of 1522 or 1536 octets Address table size 1024 MAC addresses Ethernet mode 10Base-T or 100Base-TX Full duplex or half duplex (Auto-negotiating and auto-sensing) Diagnostics Left Green LED Off: no Ethernet signal received On: Ethernet signal received Right Green LED Off: Indicates no data traffic present on the interface Flashing: Indicates data traffic present on the interface RS-232 Asynchronous Interface The Aprisa SR+ radio’s ITU-T V.24 compliant RS-232 interface is configured as a Cisco® pinout DCE. The interface terminates to a DTE using a straight-through cable or to a DCE with a crossover cable (null modem). The interface uses two handshaking control lines between the DTE and the DCE. General Interface ITU-T V.24 / EIA/TIA RS-232E Interface direction DCE only Maximum line length 10 metres Async parameters Standard mode data bits 7 or 8 bits Standard mode parity Configurable for None, Even or Odd Standard mode stop bits 1 or 2 bits Interface baud rates 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bit/s Control signals DCE to DTE CTS, RTS, DSR, DTR
26 | Specifications Aprisa SR+ Product Description Protection Switch Specifications RF Insertion Loss < 0.5 dB Remote Control inputs Logic 4700 ohms pullup to +3.3 VDC
Specifications | 27 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Power Specifications Power Supply Aprisa SR+ Radio Nominal voltage +13.8 VDC (negative earth) Input voltage range +10 to +30 VDC Maximum power input 30 W Connector Molex 2 pin male screw fitting 39526-4002 Aprisa SR+ Protected Station Nominal voltage +13.8 VDC (negative earth) Input voltage range +10 to +30 VDC Maximum power input 35 W Connector 2x Molex 2 pin male screw fitting 39526-4002 Aprisa SR+ Data Driven Protected Station Nominal voltage +13.8 VDC (negative earth) Input voltage range +10 to +30 VDC Maximum power input 35 W Connector 2x Molex 2 pin male screw fitting 39526-4002 Power Consumption Aprisa SR+ Radio Mode Power Consumption (10 W radio with 4-CPFSK modulation) Transmit / Receive < 35 W for 10 W transmit power < 25.0 W for 1 W transmit power Receive only < 6 W full Ethernet traffic activity < 4.5 W no Ethernet traffic activity Aprisa SR+ Protected Station and Aprisa SR+ Data Driven Protected Station Mode Power Consumption (10 W radios with 4-CPFSK modulation) Transmit / Receive < 42 W for 10 W transmit power < 32.0 W for 1 W transmit power Receive only < 14.5 W full Ethernet traffic activity < 11.5 W no Ethernet traffic activity
28 | Specifications Aprisa SR+ Product Description Power Dissipation Aprisa SR+ Radio Transmit Power Power Dissipation (10 W radio with 4-CPFSK modulation) 10 W transmit power < 25 W 1 W transmit power < 24 W Aprisa SR+ Protected Station and Aprisa SR+ Data Driven Protected Station Transmit Power Power Dissipation (10 W radios with 4-CPFSK modulation) 10 W transmit power < 32 W 1 W transmit power < 31 W
Specifications | 29 Aprisa SR+ Product Description General Specifications Environmental Operating temperature range -40 to +70˚ C Storage temperature range -40 to +80˚ C Operating humidity Maximum 95% non-condensing Acoustic noise emission No audible noise emission Mechanical Aprisa SR+ Radio Dimensions Width 210 mm Depth 130 mm (146 mm with TNC connectors) Height 41.5 mm Weight 1.25 kg Colour Matt black Mounting Wall (2 x M5 screws) Rack shelf (2 x M4 screws) DIN rail bracket Aprisa SR+ Protected Station Dimensions Width 432.6 mm Depth 372 mm (388 mm with TNC connectors) Height 2U plus external duplexer (if used) Weight 12 kg (includes the 2 radios) Colour Matt black Mounting Rack mount (2 x M6 screws) Compliance Radio EN 300 113-2 EMI / EMC EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 5 Safety EN 60950-1:2006 Environmental ETS 300 019 Class 3.4
Management | 31 Aprisa SR+ Product Description 4. Management SuperVisor The Aprisa SR+ contains an embedded web server application (SuperVisor) to enable element management with any major web browser (such as Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft® Internet Explorer). SuperVisor enables operators to configure and manage the Aprisa SR+ base station radio and repeater / remote station radios over the radio link. The key features of SuperVisor are: Full element management, configuration and diagnostics Manage the entire FAN (Field Area Network) from the Base Station (remote management of elements) Managed network software distribution and upgrades Performance and alarm monitoring of the entire network, including RSSI, alarm states, time-stamped events, etc. View and set standard radio configuration parameters including frequencies, transmit power, channel size, modulation, channel access, serial port settings and Ethernet port settings Set and view security parameters User management The following are three examples of SuperVisor screens:
32 | Management Aprisa SR+ Product Description Viewing the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Settings The SuperVisor software enables operators to view the terminal settings:
Management | 33 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Details The SuperVisor software enables operators to set the terminal details including: Terminal Name Location Contact Name Contact Details Current Date Configuring the Aprisa SR+ RF Network Details The SuperVisor software enables operators to set the RF Network Details including: Network ID (FAN) (Field Area Network) – four hex chars – network ID of this base station node and its remote nodes Network Radius – sets the maximum number of hops in this network Network Repeaters Proximity – sets the proximity of repeaters in this network Inband Management - enables Inband Management of remotes / repeaters Inband Management Timeout (sec) - sets the Inband Management timeout period
34 | Management Aprisa SR+ Product Description Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Radio Settings The SuperVisor software enables operators to set the radio settings including: TX Frequency – sets the Transmit frequency in MHz TX Power – sets the Transmit Power in dBm RX Frequency – sets the Receive frequency in MHz Modulation Type - sets the Modulation Type QPSK to 64 QAM Channel Size - sets the Channel Size 12.5 kHz or 25 kHz Antenna Port Configuration - sets the Antenna Port Configuration to single port or dual port
Management | 35 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Command Line Interface The Aprisa SR+ has a Command Line Interface (CLI) which provides basic product setup and configuration. This interface can be accessed via an Ethernet Port (RJ-45) or the Management Port (USB micro type B). The Terminal menu is shown in the following picture: SNMP In addition to web-based management (SuperVisor) and the Command Line Interface, the Aprisa SR network can also be managed using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). MIB files are supplied, and these can be used by a dedicated SNMP Manager, such as Castle Rock’s SNMPc, to access most of the radio’s configurable parameters. For communication between the SNMP manager and the radio, Access Controls and Community strings must be set up as described in the Aprisa SR+ User Manual .
36 | Management Aprisa SR+ Product Description LED Display Panel The Aprisa SR+ has an LED Display panel which provides on-site alarms / diagnostics without the need for PC. Normal Operation In normal radio operation, the LEDs indicate the following conditions: OK MODE AUX TX RX Solid Red Alarm present with severity Critical, Major and Minor TX path fail RX path fail Flashing Red Radio not connected to a base station Radio not connected to a base station Solid Orange Alarm present with Warning Severity Flashing Orange Tx Data or Rx Data on the USB management or data port Diagnostics Function Active Flashing Green RF path TX is active RF path RX is active Solid Green Power on and functions OK and no alarms USB interface OK Processor Block is OK Tx path OK Rx path OK LED Colour Severity Green No alarm – information only Orange Warning alarm Red Critical, major or minor alarm
Management | 37 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Single Radio Software Upgrade During a radio software upgrade, the LEDs indicate the following conditions: Software upgrade started - the OK LED flashes orange Software upgrade progress indicated by running RX to OK LEDs Software upgrade completed successfully - the OK LED solid orange Software upgrade failed - any LED flashing red during the upgrade Network Software Upgrade During a network software upgrade, the AUX LED flashes orange on the base station and all remote stations. Test Mode In Test Mode, the LED Display panel presents a real time visual display of the RSSI. This can be used to adjust the antenna for optimum signal strength.
38 | Applications Aprisa SR+ Product Description 5. Applications This section describes sample Aprisa SR+ radio applications. The following applications are described: Basic point-to-multipoint application Advanced point-to-multipoint application with repeaters Multi-interface point-to-multipoint application Basic point-to-multipoint application Single base station with Ethernet SCADA data inputs to multiple geographically remote sites with Ethernet RTUs requiring control and data acquisition. The base station receives Ethernet frames from the SCADA server LAN and broadcasts all Ethernet frames to all remote stations Each remote site receives Ethernet frames from the RTU and unicasts over the air to the base station. The base station uses an omni directional antenna to provide wide coverage and the remote stations are fitted with directional Yagi antennas to provide higher gain.
Applications | 39 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Advanced point-to-multipoint application with repeater Single base station with Ethernet SCADA data inputs to multiple geographically remote sites with Ethernet RTUs requiring control and data acquisition. A repeater is deployed to service remote sites beyond the reach of the base station. The base station receives Ethernet frames from the SCADA server LAN and broadcasts all Ethernet frames to the repeater and its remote stations. Three remote sites have direct radio communication with the base station but the other two remote sites operate via the repeater site. Each remote site receives Ethernet frames from the RTU and unicasts over the air to the repeater / base station. The base station and the repeater station use an omni directional antenna to provide wide coverage and the remote stations are fitted with directional Yagi antennas to provide higher gain.
40 | Applications Aprisa SR+ Product Description Multi-interface point-to-multipoint application Single base station with Ethernet and RS-232 SCADA data inputs to multiple geographically remote sites with Ethernet and RS-232 RTUs requiring control and data acquisition. The base station receives Ethernet / RS-232 frames from the SCADA servers and broadcasts all frames to all remote stations Each remote site receives Ethernet / RS-232 frames from the RTU and unicasts over the air to the base station. The base station uses an omni directional antenna to provide wide coverage and the remote stations are fitted with directional Yagi antennas to provide higher gain.
Architecture | 41 Aprisa SR+ Product Description 6. Architecture Product Description There are three components to the wireless interface: the Physical Layer (PHY), the Data Link Layer (DLL) and the Network Layer. These three layers are required to transport data across the wireless channel in the Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) configuration. The Aprisa SR+ DLL is largely based on the 802.15.4 MAC layer using a proprietary implementation. Physical Layer The Aprisa SR+ supports one or two frequency ½ duplex RF operation or full duplex two frequency RF operation. The ½ duplex RF operation eliminates the need for an external duplexer. The full duplex RF operation requires the use of an external duplexer connected to the radio’s dual antenna ports (TX and RX). The Aprisa SR+ is a packet based radio. Data is sent over the wireless channel in discrete packets / frames, separated in time. The PHY demodulates data within these packets with coherent detection. The Aprisa SR+ PHY provides carrier, symbol and frame synchronisation predominantly through the use of preambles. This preamble prefixes all packets sent over the wireless channel which enables fast synchronisation. Remote nodes are predominantly in receive mode with only sporadic bursts of transmit data. This reduces power consumption. Data Link Layer / MAC layer The Aprisa SR+ PHY enables multiple users to be able to share a single wireless channel; however a DLL is required to manage data transport. The two key components to the DLL are channel access and hop by hop transmission. Channel Access The Aprisa SR+ radio has two modes of channel access, Access Request and Listen Before Send. Access Mode Function Access Request Channel access scheme where the base stations controls the communication on the channel. Remotes ask for access to the channel, and the base station grants access if the channel is not occupied. Listen Before Send Channel access scheme where network elements listen to ensure the channel is clear, before trying to access the channel.
42 | Architecture Aprisa SR+ Product Description Access Request This scheme is particularly suited to digital SCADA systems where all data flows through the base station. In this case it is important that the base station has contention-free access as it is involved in every transaction. The channel access scheme assigns the base station as the channel access arbitrator and therefore inherently it has contention-free access to the channel. This means that there is no possibility of contention on data originating from the base station. As all data flows to or from the base station, this significantly improves the robustness of the system. All data messages are controlled via the AG (access grant) control message and therefore there is no possibility of contention on the actual end user data. If a remote station accesses the channel, the only contention risk is on the AR (access request) control message. These control messages are designed to be as short as possible and therefore the risk of collision of these control messages is significantly reduced. Should collisions occur these are resolved using a random back off and retry mechanism. As the base station controls all data transactions multiple applications can be effectively handled, including a mixture of polling and report by exception. Listen Before Send The Listen Before Send channel access scheme is realized using Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). In this mode, a pending transmission requires the channel to be clear. This is determined by monitoring the channel for other signals for a set time prior to transmission. This results in reduced collisions and improved channel capacity. There are still possibilities for collisions with this technique e.g. if two radios simultaneously determine the channel is clear and transmit at the same time. In this case an acknowledged transaction may be used. The transmitter requests an ACK to ensure that the transmission has been successful. If the transmitter does not receive an ACK, then random backoffs are used to reschedule the next transmission. Hop by Hop Transmission Hop by Hop Transmission is realized in the Aprisa SR+ by adding a MAC address header to the packet. For 802.15.4, there are 2 addresses, the source and destination addresses.
Architecture | 43 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Network Layer Packet Routing Packet routing is realized in the Aprisa SR+ by adding a network address header to the packet. This contains source and destination addresses. For the Network Layer, there are 2 addresses, the address of the originating radio and the address of the terminating radio (i.e. end to end network). This is required for routing packets across multiple hops e.g. PMP with repeaters. The Aprisa SR+ uses an automated method for performing address assignment and routing information. There are two types of packets: unicast and broadcast. Only the base station sends broadcasts which are received by all remote stations. User packets are not interpreted as the radio link is transparent. Traffic Data originating on the base station is broadcast to all repeater stations and remote stations Data originating on a remote station is unicast to the base station only This can be via multiple repeater stations. Data originating on a repeater station is unicast to the base station only Data originating on a base station serial port is terminated on remote station serial ports only Data originating on a base station Ethernet port is terminated on remote station Ethernet ports or serial ports (Terminal Server mode) User Traffic User traffic is prioritized depending on the Serial and Ethernet Data Priority options. If the Serial and Ethernet Data Priority options are equal, then first come first served is invoked. Repeater stations repeat traffic also on a first come first served basis. Management Traffic Ethernet Management Traffic is also prioritized relative to user traffic.
44 | Architecture Aprisa SR+ Product Description Security The Aprisa SR+ provides security features to implement the key recommendations for industrial control systems. The security provided builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies, including: IEC/TR 62443 (TC65) ‘Industrial Communications Networks – Network and System Security’ IEC/TS 62351 (TC57) ‘Power System Control and Associated Communications – Data and Communication Security’ The security features implemented are: Data encryption Counter Mode Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Data authentication Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Data payload security CCM Counter with CBC-MAC integrity (NIST special publication 800-38C) Secured management interface protects configuration Address filtering enables traffic source authorization Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE 802.15.4 Licensed radio spectrum protects against interference
Architecture | 45 Aprisa SR+ Product Description Product Architecture The following are the key components of the Aprisa SR+ design: Dual high performance ΣΔ fractional-N synthesizers to allow for full duplex operation 2x output frequency VCO for minimal pulling during transmit Wideband design electronically tunes over entire band Proven ultra low noise and spurious technology with over 50dB of SNR easily achieved Direct quadrature mixer with integrated Cartesian Feedback Loop The Cartesian Feedback Loop improves the efficiency and linearity of the entire transmitter chain for non-constant envelope modulation systems Simple IQ modulation line up reduces part count and improves MTBF No mixing stages so no spurious responses present at the transmitter output Digital control loops used for controlling power amplifier current and transmit output power, allows for faster ramping and settling times with less error Tx turn-on time limited primarily by PA ramping Robust, closed-loop power control – fast, accurate power ramp up and down Uses the latest high ruggedness N-Channel RF Power LDMOS transistors for the power amplifier High efficiency (>50% PAE at 10W) Very low thermal resistance (1.0°C/W) Direct IQ down-conversion Excellent Intermodulation distortion characteristics as channel filter can be placed directly after the mixer without impacting noise figure Digital channel filtering allows for multiple bandwidths with the same hardware Low parts count and no crystal filters help to keep receiver performance extremely stable over temperature Integrated heat sink Limits number of mechanical interfaces Fin design optimized for natural convection Monitoring and software control Temperature control loop shuts down the transmitter when the temperature exceeds continuous operation at 70°C Monitoring of RSSI and PA current to ensure the RF hardware is functioning to specification
46 | Architecture Aprisa SR+ Product Description Aprisa SR+ Block Diagram
Contact Us | 47 Aprisa SR+ Product Description 7. Contact Us For further information or assistance, please contact Customer Support or your local 4RF representative. Our area representative contact details are available from our website: 4RF Limited 26 Glover Street, Ngauranga PO Box 13-506 Wellington 6032 New Zealand Email address support@4rf.com Website www.4rf.com Phone number +64 4 499 6000 Fax number +64 4 473 4447 Attention Customer Services

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