ADC Telecommunications UNS-IDEN-2 800MHz IDEN In-Building Distributed Antenna System User Manual accel

ADC Telecommunications Inc. 800MHz IDEN In-Building Distributed Antenna System accel

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PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AInstallation, Operation, and Reference ManualInterReach Unison Accel®
InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AThis manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:Address 2540 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California95134-1902 USAAttn: Marketing Dept.Phone 1-408-952-2400Fax 1-408-952-2410Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.come-mail info@lgcwireless.comservice@lgcwireless.comCopyright © 2002 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.TrademarksAll trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual620021-0 Rev. ALimited WarrantySeller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.
InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual i620021-0 Rev. ATable of ContentsSECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-51.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-71.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7SECTION 2 InterReach Unison Accel System Description . 2-12.1 System Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32.2 System OA&M Capabilities Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42.2.1 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.2.2 Using Alarm Contact Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.3 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62.4 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72.5 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-82.5.1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-82.5.2 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-82.5.3 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10SECTION 3 Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13.1 Accel Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33.1.3 Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43.2 Accel Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63.2.1 Accel Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83.4 Accel Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
ii InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. ASECTION 4 Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.1.2 RJ-45 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.2 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6SECTION 5 Designing a Unison Accel Solution . . . . . . . . . 5-15.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-175.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-185.2.2 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-195.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-245.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-285.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . 5-285.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-295.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 5-305.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-325.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 5-345.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-375.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 5-415.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-425.5.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-435.5.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-445.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46SECTION 6 Installing Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.3 Multiple Operator System Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26.1.4 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46.3.2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56.3.3 Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-76.3.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-76.4 Unison Accel Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iii620021-0 Rev. A6.4.1 Installing an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-106.4.2 Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-156.4.3 Installing Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-176.4.4 Installing Cat-5 Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-196.4.5 Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-206.5 Interfacing an Accel Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-216.5.1 Connecting Multiple Accel Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-256.6 Connecting Contact Alarms to an Accel System . . . . . . . . . 6-296.6.1 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-306.6.2 Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-336.6.3 Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-346.7 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-366.7.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-366.7.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-376.7.3 232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-386.7.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-396.7.5 Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . . . 6-40SECTION 7 Replacing Unison Accel Components in anOperational System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.2 Replacing an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3SECTION 8 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-108.4 Troublshooting Cat-5/6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-138.5 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1A.2 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2A.3 Standard Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3A.4 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4A.5 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5C.1 Unison System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1C.2 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3D.1 Unison Accel Release 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
iv InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual v620021-0 Rev. AList of FiguresFigure 2-1 Unison Accel System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4Figure 2-3 Unison Accel’s Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6Figure 3-1 Accel Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Figure 3-2 Accel Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Figure 3-3 Accel Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Figure 3-4 Accel Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6Figure 4-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison Accel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Figure 4-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Figure 5-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 5-17Figure 5-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43Figure 5-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . 5-44Figure 6-1 Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17Figure 6-2 Simplex Base Station to an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21Figure 6-3 Duplex Base Station to an Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22Figure 6-4 Connecting an Accel Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23Figure 6-5 Connecting Two Accel Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 6-26Figure 6-6 Connecting Two Accel Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 6-28Figure 6-7 Connecting MetroReach to Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30Figure 6-8 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31Figure 6-9 Using a BTS and AdminManager to Monitor Unison Accel . . . . . . . . 6-32Figure 6-10 Connecting LGCell to Unison Accel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33Figure 6-11 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34Figure 6-12 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35Figure 6-13 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36Figure 6-14 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37Figure 6-15 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38Figure 6-16 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39
vi InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AFigure 6-17 Cascading Line Sharing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39Figure 6-18 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . . . . . 6-40Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2Figure A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . .A-4Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Modem Cable Diagram . .A-5
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual vii620021-0 Rev. AList of TablesTable 2-1 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Table 2-2 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Table 2-3 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Table 2-4 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11Table 2-7 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11Table 3-1 Accel Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4Table 3-2 Accel Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Table 3-3 Accel Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9Table 4-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3Table 4-2 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4Table 4-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Table 5-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4Table 5-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5Table 5-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6Table 5-4 800 MHz iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6Table 5-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Table 5-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8Table 5-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9Table 5-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10Table 5-9 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11Table 5-10 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12Table 5-11 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12Table 5-12 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13Table 5-13 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13Table 5-14 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM . . . . . . 5-14Table 5-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/Reflex . . . . . . . 5-14
viii InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. ATable 5-16 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15Table 5-17 Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17Table 5-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18Table 5-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 5-19Table 5-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 5-20Table 5-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21Table 5-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21Table 5-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21Table 5-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22Table 5-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22Table 5-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22Table 5-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23Table 5-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23Table 5-29 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28Table 5-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30Table 5-31 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34Table 5-32 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35Table 1 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49Table 6-1 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2Table 6-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5Table 6-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 6-7Table 6-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7Table 6-5 Troubleshooting Accel Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14Table 6-6 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16Table 8-1 Faults Reported by the Accel Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3Table 8-2 Remote Access Unit Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6Table 8-3 Accel Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7Table 8-4 Remote Access Unit Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7Table 8-5 Accel Hub Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8Table 8-6 Remote Access Unit Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9Table 8-7 Troubleshooting Accel Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . 8-11Table 8-8 Troubleshooting Accel Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation 8-12
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual ix620021-0 Rev. ATable 8-9 Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1Table A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4Table A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . A-5Table D-1 Unison Accel Release 5 Line-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
xInterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1620021-0 Rev. ASECTION 1 General InformationThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2• Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4• Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A1.1 Purpose and ScopeThis document describes the InterReach Unison Accel system.• Section 2 InterReach Unison Accel System DescriptionAn overview of the Unison Accel hardware and OA&M capabilities is provided in this section. This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.• Section 3 Accel HubThe Main Hub is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and LED descriptions, communication cable (serial and null modem) pin outs, and unit spec-ifications are included.• Section 4 Unison Remote Access UnitThe Remote Access Unit is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications are included.• Section 5 Designing a Unison Accel SolutionThis section provides tools to aid you in designing your Unison system, including tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.• Section 6 Installing Unison AccelInstallation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and checklists are pro-vided in this section. The installation procedures include guidelines for trouble-shooting using the LEDs as you install the units.• Section 7 Replacing Unison Accel Components in an Operational SystemThis section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are replacing a Unison component in an operating system.• Section 8 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical AssistanceContact information and troubleshooting tables are provided in this section.• Appendix A Cables and ConnectorsConnector and cable descriptions and requirements are provided in this section. Additionally, cable pin outs and diagrams are given.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3620021-0 Rev. A• Appendix B InterReach Unison Accel Property SheetThis section contains a form that you can use during installation to record serial numbers, gain settings, system band, RAU attenuation, and unit installation loca-tion. This information is required for the final As-Built documentation.• Appendix C ComplianceSafety and Radio/EMC approvals are listed in this section.• Appendix D Release NotesA hardware/firmware/software compatibility table is provided in this section.• Appendix E GlossaryThe Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking terms.
1-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A1.2 Conventions in this ManualThe following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described.NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or importance, and to provide supplemental information.CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.ProcedureThis format is used to highlight a procedure.Convention Descriptionbold Used for emphasisBOLD CAPS Labels on equipmentSMALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5620021-0 Rev. A1.3 Acronyms in this ManualAcronym DefinitionAGC automatic gain controlALC automatic level controlAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service BTS base transceiver stationCat-5/6 Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable)CDMA code division multiple accessCDPD cellular digital packet dataDAS distributed antenna systemdB decibeldBm decibels relative to 1 milliwattDC direct currentDCS Digital Communications SystemDL downlinkEDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile CommunicationsGHz gigahertzGPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications)Hz hertzIF intermediate frequencyiDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA wireless)LAN local area networkLO local oscillatormA milliampsMBS microcellular base stationMH Main HubMHz megahertzMTBF mean time between failuresNF noise figurenm nanometerOA&M operation, administration, and maintenancePCS Personal Communication Services
1-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. APLL phase-locked loopPLS path loss slopeRAU Remote Access UnitRF radio frequencyRSSI received signal strength indicatorSMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) ScTP screened twisted pairTDMA time division multiple accessUL uplink; Underwriters LaboratoriesuW microwattsUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUPS uninterruptable power supplyWwattWCDMA wideband code division multiple accessAcronym Definition
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-7620021-0 Rev. A1.4 Standards Conformance• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.• See Appendix C for compliance information.1.5 Related Publications• AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10
1-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1620021-0 Rev. ASECTION 2 InterReach Unison AccelSystem DescriptionInterReach Unison Accel is a wireless networking system that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications over licensed frequencies. It provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in smaller build-ings, including:• Office buildings• HospitalsAccel provides the same RF characteristics as InterReach Unison, which is designed for large public and private facilities such as campus environments, airports, shop-ping malls, subways, convention centers, sports venues, etc. Accel uses microproces-sors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band settings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarm-ing of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities.The Accel system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:• Frequencies: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz• Voice Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM/EGSM, iDEN,• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, and Paging
2-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AKey System Features•Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.•High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.•Software configurable Hub. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field.•Standard Cat-5 or Cat-6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) cabling. The Cat-5/6 ScTP cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum (150 meters with RF performance degradation).•Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:• System gain:– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-link and uplink.• RAU:– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB.– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna (all RAUs except UMTS).•Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to operating sys-tems when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities/services.•Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, automatic reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly graphical-user interface OA&M software package.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3620021-0 Rev. A2.1 System Hardware DescriptionThe InterReach Unison Accel system consists of two modular components:• 19" rack-mountable Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)• Converts RF signals to electrical on the downlink; electrical to RF on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Software configurable band• Simplex interface to RF source• Periodically polls all downstream RAUs for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning conditions• Supplies DC power to RAU•Remote Access Unit (RAU)• Converts electrical signals to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Protocol/band specific unitsThe minimum configuration of a Unison Accel system is one Hub and one RAU (1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Hub and 8 RAUs (1-8). Multi-ple systems can be combined to provide larger configurations.Figure 2-1 Unison Accel System Hardware
2-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A2.2 System OA&M Capabilities OverviewInterReach Unison Accel is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functionality.Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Hub and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as an Accel Hub and all of its associated Remote Access Units, are automati-cally reported to the Hub. The Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:• Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.• The Hub’s front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access) or to a modem (for remote access).Figure 2-2 Three Methods for OA&M CommunicationsAdminManager OA&M software runs on a PC/laptop and communicates with one Accel Hub, and its downstream RAUs, at a time.• Connected directly to the Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector, you can access the Installation Wizard which lets you configure a newly installed system, or you can access the Configuration & Maintenance panel which lets you query system status, configure a newly added or swapped unit, or change system parameters.• Connected remotely using a modem, AdminManager initiates communications with the Hub. You can access a read-only Configuration & Maintenance panel which lets you query system status to help you determine if an on-site visit is required.Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about installing and using the AdminManager software.PSTNRS-232RS-232 EthernetPC/LaptoprunningModemAccel HubModemAccel HubRS-232ENET/232ConverterRS-232RJ-45Accel HubAccel HubAdminManagerUse AdminManager to configureor monitor a local Accel system.Remotely, AdminManager can onlycheck system status, it cannotreceive modem calls.TCP/IPRAU123
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5620021-0 Rev. A2.2.1 System Monitoring and ReportingEach Accel Hub in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream RAUs for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.When a Hub detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported. Faults are indi-cated locally by red status LEDs, and both faults and warnings are reported to the Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, via the Hub’s serial port, that is running the AdminManager software. Passive antennas that are connected to the RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform the System Test in order to retrieve status informa-tion about antennas.Using AdminManager, you can install a new system or new components, change sys-tem parameters, and query system status. The following figure illustrates how the sys-tem reports its status to AdminManager.Table 2-1 System Monitoring and Reporting 2.2.2 Using Alarm Contact ClosuresThe DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Accel Hub can be connected to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems.• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Accel, the Accel Hub is the out-put of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 6.6.1 on page 6-30. • When you connect LGCell to Accel, the Accel Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and LGCell is the output (alarm source). This is described in Section 6.6.2 on page 6-33.AccelHubEach RAU passes its status to the Hub.• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.• If a fault or warning condition is detected, the information is passed to the Hub.The Hub queries status of each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.• If a fault or warning condi-tion is detected in any unit, the Hub initiates a call to AdminManager.PC/LaptoprunningAdminManagerRAURAUUse AdminManager to communi-cate with one or more remotely or locally installed systems.If a fault or warning condition is reported, the AdminManager graphi-cal user interface indicates the prob-lem. AdminManager can also send an e-mail and/or page notification to designated recipients.
2-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A2.3 System ConnectivityThe system uses standard Cat-5/6 ScTP. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, as easy as pulling a twisted pair cable.Figure 2-3 Unison Accel’s ArchitectureInterReachCat-5/6Cat-5/6 Cat-5/6up to 8 RAUs per HubRAU RAU RAUUnison Accel
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7620021-0 Rev. A2.4 System Operation• Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)• Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)Accel HubRAUThe Accel Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cable.The Hub converts the RF signals to IF signals and sends them to RAUs (up to 8) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable.The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas via coaxial cable.Accel HubRAUThe Accel Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cable.The Hub receives the IF signals from the RAUs (up to 8) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable and converts to RF signals.The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna via coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals.
2-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A2.5 System Specifications2.5.1 Physical Specifications2.5.2 Environmental SpecificationsParameter Unison Accel Hub Remote Access UnitRF Connectors 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)1 SMA, male (coaxial)External Alarm Connector (contact closure)1 9-pin D-sub, female —Serial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male —LED Alarm and Status IndicatorsUnit Status (1 pair):•Power• StatusRAU/Link Status(1 pair per RJ-45 port):•Link•RAUUnit Status (1 pair):•Link•AlarmAC Power (Volts) Rating: 115/230V, 5.5/3A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging,4.6–2.3A/3.6–1.6A, 47–63 Hz—DC Power (Volts) — 36V (from the Hub)Power Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 150 typ/178 max4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 167 typ/202 max8 RAUs: 200 typ/242 max8 RAUs & 8 Extenders: 234 typ/290 max16 max (from the Hub)Enclosure Dimensions*(height × width × depth)*Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hub.Note: Unison Accel Hub typical power consumption assumes that the Cat-5/6 cable length is no more than 100 meters without a Cat-5 Extender and no more than 170 meters with a Cat-5 Extender.133.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)Weight < 8 kg (< 17.5 lb) < 1 kg (< 2 lb)Parameter Unison Accel Hub RAUOperating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95% 5% to 95%
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9620021-0 Rev. A2.5.3 Operating FrequenciesFreq.Band UnisonBand DescriptionRF Passband (MHz)Downlink UplinkPCS PCS6 Bands A,D,B (35 MHz)1930–1965 1850–1885PCS PCS7 Bands D,B,E,F (30 MHz)1945–1975 1865–1895PCS PCS8 Bands E,F,C (25 MHz)1965–1990 1885–1910DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785DCS DCS4 DCS4 Band 1815–1850 1720–1755Cellular CELL – 869–894 824–849iDEN iDEN – 851–869 806–824GSM/EGSM GSM/EGSM – 925–960 880–915UMTS UMTS1 – 2110–2145 1920–1955UMTS UMTS2 – 2125–2160 1935–1970UMTS UMTS3 – 2135–2170 1945–1980
2-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A2.5.4 RF End-to-End PerformanceThe following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol.NOTE: The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.Cellular 800 MHziDEN 800 MHzGSM/EGSM 900 MHzTable 2-2 Cellular RF End-to-End PerformanceParameterTypicalDownlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m Cat-5 (dB) 3 3.5Output IP3 (dBm) 40Input IP3 (dBm) –7Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 27Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 15Table 2-3 iDEN RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2 3Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –7Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 17Table 2-4 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage Downlink gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 3 4Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –7Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 16
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11620021-0 Rev. ADCS 1800 MHzPCS 1900 MHzUMTS 2.1 GHzTable 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End PerformanceTypicalParameter Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2Uplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2, Full band for DCS4 with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2Uplink gain roll off for Full band of DCS1 and DCS2 with 75 m Cat-5/6 (dB) 2Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –12Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 17Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameterTypicalDownlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15Ripple with 75 m Cat-5 (dB) 2.5 3Output IP3 (dBm) 38Input IP3 (dBm) –12Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) 26Noise Figure 1 Hub-8 RAUs (dB) 16Table 2-7 UMTS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameterTypicalDownlink UplinkAverage Gain w/75 meters Cat-5/6 @ 25°C (dB) 15 15Ripple w/75 meters Cat-5/6 (dB) 2.5 4Noise Figure: 1 Accel Hub and 8 RAUs (dB) 16Spurious Output Levels (dBm) <–30UMTS TDD Band Spurious Output Level1900–1920 MHz, 2010–2025 MHz (dBm/MHz) <–52Waveform Quality (at maximum power) (ρ) > 0.97 > 0.97Output IP3 (dBm) 37Input IP3 (dBm) –12Output P1dB (dBm) 26
2-12 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1620021-0 Rev. ASECTION 3 Accel HubThe Accel Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to eight Remote Access Units. The Hub also com-bines uplink signals from the RAUs.Figure 3-1 Accel Hub in a Unison SystemFigure 3-2 gives a detailed view of the major RF and functional blocks of the Accel Hub.Figure 3-2 Accel Hub Block DiagramAccel Hub RAUDownlink Path: The Accel Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable.The Hub also sends OA&M communication to the RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable.Uplink Path: The Accel Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.The Hub also receives status information from the RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable.Downlink to Main HubUplink from Main HubDave: Please provide(see RAU for example)
3-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A3.1 Accel Hub Front PanelFigure 3-3 Accel Hub Front Panel1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)• One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK)• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU)3. One set of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS)4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using a PC/laptop or modem (labeled RS-232)5. Power switch.LINKRAUPORT 1LINKRAUPORT 2LINKRAUPORT 3LINKRAUPORT 4LINKRAUPORT 5LINKRAUPORT 6LINKRAUPORT 7LINKRAUPORT 8POWERSTATUSPOWERInterReachUnison AccelRS-2321242 35
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3620021-0 Rev. A3.1.1 RJ-45 ConnectorsThe eight RJ-45 connectors on the Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cables that are used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Hub if any port draws excessive power.3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial ConnectorRemote MonitoringUse a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. See Appendix A.3 on page A-3 for the cable pinout.Local MonitoringUse a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. See Appendix A.4 on page A-4 for the cable pinout.
3-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A3.1.3 Hub LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.Upon power up, the Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.The Hub will automatically send the program band command to all connected RAUs. A mismatched band will cause an error message to be displayed in AdminManager and the RAU will have a fault con-dition.NOTE: Refer to Section 8 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Status LEDsThe Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redblinking green/red (alternating green/red)There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.Table 3-1 Accel Hub Status LED StatesLED State IndicatesGreenGreen• Hub is connected to power• Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be per-formed or a warning could exist (use AdminManager to determine)GreenRed• Hub is connected to power• Hub is reporting a fault or lockout conditionGreenAlternating Green/Red• Hub is connected to power• Hub input signal level too highPOWERSTATUSPOWERSTATUSPOWERSTATUS
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5620021-0 Rev. APort LEDsThe Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redTable 3-2 Accel Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff• RAU is not connectedGreenGreen• RAU is connected• No faults from RAURedOff• Loss of communications to RAUGreenRed• RAU is connected• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout conditionLINKRAULINKRAULINKRAULINKRAU
3-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A3.2 Accel Hub Rear PanelFigure 3-4 Accel Hub Rear Panel1. AC power cord connector2. Three air exhaust vents3. Two N-type, female connectors:• Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK)• Uplink (labeled UPLINK)4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1)Are the back panel items labeled?1 2 3 4
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7620021-0 Rev. A3.2.1 Accel Hub Rear Panel Connectors3.2.1.1 9-pin D-sub ConnectorThe 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for major and minor error system alarm monitoring.The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.This interface can either generate contact alarms or sense a single external alarm con-tact.3.2.1.2 N-type Female ConnectorsThere are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Hub:•The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system.•The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-tion, or MetroReach Focus system.Pin Function1 Alarm Input Ground2 Reserved3 Reserved4 Warning Contact (positive connection)5 Warning Contact (negative connection)6 DC Ground (common)7 Fault Contact (positive connection)8 Alarm Input9 Fault Contact (negative connection)
3-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A3.3 Faults and WarningsThe Accel Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to:• Ensure that its amplifiers and IF/RF path are functioning properly.• Ensure that Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly.The Accel Hub periodically queries attached Remote Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.For more information, see:• page 8-3 for Hub faults.• page 8-7 for Hub warnings.• page 8-8 for Hub status messages.• page 8-11 for troubleshooting Hub LEDs.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9620021-0 Rev. A3.4 Accel Hub SpecificationsTable 3-3 Accel Hub SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 133.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (5.25 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)Weight < 8 kg (< 17.5 lb)Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%External Alarm Connector (contact closure)1 9-pin D-sub, femaleMaximum: 40 mA @ 40V DCTypical: 4 mA @ 12V DCSerial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, maleRF Connectors 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)LED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):•Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per Cat-5/6 port):•Link•RAUAC Power Rating: 115/230V, 5.5/3A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging, 4.6–2.3A/3.6–1.6A, 47–63 HzPower Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 150 typ/178 max 4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 167 typ/202 max 8 RAUs: 200 typ/242 max 8 RAUs & 8 Extenders: 234 typ/290 maxMTBF 78,998 hours
3-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1620021-0 Rev. ASECTION 4 Unison Remote Access UnitThe Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Accel Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which deliv-ers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU.An RAU passes RF signals between an Accel Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.Figure 4-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison Accel SystemRAUDownlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Accel Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable.Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Accel Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to an Accel Hub via Cat-5/6 cable.Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Accel Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.Downlink to RAUUplink from RAUUnison Accel Hub Downlink to antennaUplink from antenna
4-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AFigure 4-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3620021-0 Rev. AThe Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands (i.e., there is one PCS RAU which can be used for A/D, B/E, E/F, B/D, or F/C). Table 4-1 lists the six Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover.4.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors4.1.1 SMA ConnectorThe RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/out-put port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.4.1.2 RJ-45 ConnectorThe RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Accel Hub using Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.Table 4-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUsUnison RAU UnisonBandRF PassbandDownlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)Cellular Cellular 869–894 824–849DCS DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785DCS3 1840–1875 1745–1780DCS4 1815–1850 1720–1755GSM GSM 925–960 880–915EGSM 935–960 890–915iDEN iDEN 851–869 806–824PCS Bands A,D,B 1930–1965 1850–1885Bands D,B,E,F 1945–1975 1865–1895Bands E,F,C 1965–1990 1885–1910UMTS UMTS 1 2110–2145 1945–1975UMTS 2 2125–2160 1965–1990UMTS 3 2135–2170 1945–1980
4-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A4.2 RAU LED IndicatorsUpon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 8 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Status LEDsThe RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redThere is no off state when the unit’s power is on.Table 4-2 Remote Access Unit LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff• RAU is not receiving DC powerGreenGreen• RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with Accel Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine)GreenRed• RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Accel Hub is normalRedRed• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the Accel HubLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARM
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5620021-0 Rev. A4.3 Faults and WarningsBoth fault and warning conditions are reported to the Accel Hub where they are stored. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.For more information, see:• page 8-6 for RAU faults.• page 8-7 for RAU warnings.• page 8-9 for RAU status messages.4.4 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsTable 4-3 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionDimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)Weight < 1 kg (< 2 lb)Operating Temperature –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%RF Connectors 1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)a1 SMA, male (coaxial)a. For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • AlarmMaximum Heat Dissipation (W) 16 max (from the Hub)MTBF 282,207 hours
4-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A4.5 RAUs in a Dual Band SystemA Dual-Band Diplexer can be used to combine the output from two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna..Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (PN 8000-54) for technical informa-tion.UnisonRAUUnisonRAUDual BandDiplexerCat-5/6 from Accel HubCat-5/6 from Accel HubAntenna3 ft. coaxial cable3 ft. coaxial cable
PN 9000-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1620021-0 Rev. ASECTION 5 Designing a Unison Accel SolutionDesigning a Unison Accel solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.This information is usually determined by the service provider:• Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz)• Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)• Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, i.e., –85 dBm)The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 5.4.1 on page 5-30).• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or BDA into the Main Hub: Section 5.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 5-3.The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require-ments, and Unison’s RF performance. Typically, the power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases. 3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 5.2, “Estimating RF Cover-age,” on page 5-17.• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.)
5-2 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations.• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.)• Determine type of environment– Open layout (e.g., a convention center)– Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital)– Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles)4. Develop an RF link budget: Section 5.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page 5-29.Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget which is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is pro-vided in advance, the link budget is simply: allowable RF loss = maximum power per carrier – design goal.5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Section 5.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 5-17.The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris-tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the Unison equipment quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the spe-cific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a cali-brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 5.5, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 5-42.Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can deter-mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua-tors, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station.The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are discussed in the following sections.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3620021-0 Rev. A5.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUThe following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink of each RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.When you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s maximum output power recommendations.Refer to Section 5.6, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 5-46 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause per-manent damage to the Main Hub. Do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna).
5-4 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A800 MHz AMPSTable 5-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 27.0 27.02 21.0 21.03 17.5 17.54 14.5 14.55 13.0 13.0611.5 11.57 10.5 10.589.5 9.599.0 9.010 8.0 8.011 8.0 8.012 7.5 7.513 7.0 7.014 6.5 6.515 6.5 6.516 6.0 6.020 5.0 5.030 3.0 3.0
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5620021-0 Rev. A800 MHz TDMATable 5-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF124.0 24.0219.0 19.0316.0 16.0414.0 14.0512.5 12.5611.5 11.5710.5 10.589.5 9.599.0 9.010 8.5 8.511 8.0 8.012 7.5 7.513 7.5 7.514 7.0 7.015 6.5 6.516 6.5 6.520 5.5 5.530 3.5 3.5
5-6 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A800 MHz CDMA800 MHz iDENTable 5-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 17.0 17.02 14.0 14.03 12.0 12.0411.0 11.05 10.0 10.069.0 9.078.5 8.588.0 8.0Table 5-4 800 MHz iDEN/SMR Power per CarrieriDEN Analog FM CQPSK/C4FM Motient Data TACNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.02 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.03 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.04 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.05 9.0 9.0 5 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.06 8.0 8.0 6 10.0 10.0 6 10.0 10.07 7.0 7.0 7 9.5 9.5 7 9.0 9.08 6.5 6.5 8 8.5 8.5 8 8.5 8.59 6.0 6.0 9 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.510 5.5 5.5 10 7.0 7.0 10 7.0 7.0
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-7620021-0 Rev. A900 MHz GSM or EGSMTable 5-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF116.0 16.0213.0 12.03 11.0 10.0410.0 9.059.0 8.068.0 7.077.5 6.587.0 6.096.5 5.510 6.0 5.511 5.5 5.012 5.0 4.513 5.0 4.514 4.5 4.015 4.0 4.016 4.0 3.5
5-8 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A900 MHz EDGETable 5-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 16.0 16.02 13.0 12.03 11.0 10.0410.0 9.059.0 8.068.0 7.077.5 6.587.0 6.096.5 5.510 6.0 5.511 5.5 5.012 5.0 4.513 5.0 4.514 4.5 4.015 4.0 4.016 4.0 3.5
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-9620021-0 Rev. A1800 MHz DCSTable 5-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF117.5 17.5214.5 14.0312.5 12.0411.5 11.0510.5 10.069.5 9.079.0 8.588.5 8.098.0 7.510 7.5 7.511 7.0 7.012 6.5 6.513 6.5 6.514 6.0 6.015 5.5 5.516 5.5 5.5
5-10 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A1800 MHz EDGETable 5-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 17.5 17.52 14.5 14.03 12.5 12.0411.5 11.05 10.5 10.069.5 9.079.0 8.588.0 8.097.5 7.510 7.0 7.011 6.5 6.512 6.0 6.013 6.0 6.014 5.5 5.515 5.0 5.016 5.0 5.0
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-11620021-0 Rev. A1900 MHz TDMATable 5-9 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF123.0 23.0218.0 18.0315.0 15.0413.0 13.0511.5 11.5610.5 10.579.5 9.588.5 8.598.0 8.010 7.5 7.511 7.0 7.012 6.5 6.513 6.5 6.514 6.0 6.015 5.5 5.516 5.5 5.520 4.5 4.530 2.5 2.5
5-12 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A1900 MHz GSM1900 MHz CDMATable 5-10 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 26.0 26.02 15.5 14.03 13.5 12.04 12.0 11.05 11.0 10.0610.5 9.0710.0 8.589.0 8.098.5 7.510 8.0 7.511 7.5 7.012 7.0 6.513 6.5 6.514 6.5 6.015 6.0 6.016 5.5 5.5Table 5-11 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 16.0 16.02 13.0 13.0311.0 11.04 10.0 10.059.0 9.068.0 8.077.5 7.587.0 7.0
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-13620021-0 Rev. A1900 MHz EDGE2.1 GHz UMTSTable 5-12 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF123.0 23.02 15.5 14.03 13.5 12.04 12.0 11.0510.5 10.069.5 9.079.0 8.588.0 8.097.5 7.510 7.0 7.011 6.5 6.512 6.0 6.013 6.0 6.014 5.5 5.515 5.0 5.016 5.0 5.0Table 5-13 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF115.0 15.0211.0 11.038.0 8.046.5 6.555.0 5.064.0 4.073.0 3.0Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.
5-14 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. APaging/SMRTable 5-14 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FMAnalog FM CQPSK C4FMNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF126.0 26.0122.0 22.0126.0 26.0219.5 19.5217.0 17.0219.5 19.5316.5 16.5314.5 14.5316.0 16.0413.5 13.5412.5 12.5413.5 13.5512.0 12.0511.0 11.0511.5 11.5610.5 10.569.5 9.5610.0 10.079.5 9.579.0 9.079.0 9.088.5 8.588.0 8.088.5 8.598.0 8.097.5 7.597.5 7.5107.0 7.0107.0 7.0107.0 7.0Table 5-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/ReflexMobitex POCSAG/ReflexNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF126.0 26.0126.0 26.0219.5 19.5219.5 19.5316.0 16.0316.0 16.0413.5 13.5413.5 13.5
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-15620021-0 Rev. A800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Dual BandTable 5-16 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersRecommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm)800 MHz Cellular 1900 MHz PCSTDMA AMPS CDMA TDMA GSM CDMA2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF1 23.0 23.0 26.0 26.0 16.0 16.0 21.5 21.5 24.5 24.5 14.5 14.52 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 13.0 13.0 16.5 16.5 14.0 12.5 11.5 11.53 15.0 15.0 16.5 16.5 11.0 11.0 13.5 13.5 12.0 10.5 9.5 9.54 13.0 13.0 13.5 13.5 10.0 10.0 11.5 11.5 10.5 9.5 8.5 8.55 11.5 11.5 12.0 12.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 7.5 7.56 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 7.5 6.5 6.57 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 7.0 6.0 6.08 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.5 5.5 5.59 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.010 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.011 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.512 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.013 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.014 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.515 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.516 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.020 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.030 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0
5-16 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AAllowing for Future Capacity GrowthSometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy-ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Hubs unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-17620021-0 Rev. A5.2 Estimating RF CoverageThe maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.Figure 5-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device(P + Lcoax + G) – RSSI = PL (1)The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calcu-lated using the path loss equations in Section 5.2.1 and in Section 5.2.2.Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. The following table lists coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.Table 5-17 Coaxial Cable LossesLength of Cable(.195 in. diameter)Loss at 800 MHz(dB)Loss at1900 MHz(dB)0.9 m (3 ft) 0.6 0.81.8 m (6 ft) 1.0 1.53.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.3RAUP = power per dAntenna and Gain (G)RSSI = power at thewireless devicecarrier from the RAUCoax
5-18 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A5.2.1 Path Loss EquationIndoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs(2)where:• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).• d is the distance expressed in meters•d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz.• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).• n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter”.•Χs is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.11. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.Table 5-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building MaterialsPartition Type Loss (dB)@ <2 GHz Frequency (MHz)Metal wall 26 815Aluminum siding 20 815Foil insulation 4 815Cubicle walls 1.4 900Concrete block wall 13 1300Concrete floor 10 1300Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300Light machinery 3 1300General machinery 7 1300Heavy machinery 11 1300Equipment racks 7 1300Assembly line 6 1300Ceiling duct 5 1300Metal stairs 5 1300
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-19620021-0 Rev. A5.2.2 Coverage DistanceEquations (1) and (2), on pages 5-17 and 5-18, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.Equation (2) can be simplified to:PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3)where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.Table 5-19 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different “clutter” (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.)For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment.Table 5-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building EnvironmentsEnvironment Type Example PLS for 800/900 MHz PLS for 1800/1900 MHzOpen Environment with very few RF obstructionsParking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.1Moderately Open Environment with low-to-medium amount of RF obstructionsWarehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 35 32Mildly Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructionsRetail, Office Space with approxi-mately 80% cubicles and 20% hard walled offices36.1 33.1Moderately Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructionsOffice Space with approximately 50% cubicles and 50% hard walled offices37.6 34.8Dense Environment with large amount of RF obstructionsHospital, Office Space with approxi-mately 20% cubicles and 80% hard walled offices39.4 38.1
5-20 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. ATable 5-20 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.Table 5-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)Band (MHz) Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.71800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.51800 MHz CDMA (Korea) 1750–1780 1840–1870 1810 37.61900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.12.1 GHz UMTS 1920–1980 2110–2170 2045 38.7
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-21620021-0 Rev. AFor reference, Tables 5-21 through 5-27 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:• Path loss Equation (3)• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output• 3 dBi antenna gain• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec-trum protocols)Table 5-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular ApplicationsEnvironment TypeDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 73 241Moderately Open Environment 63 205Mildly Dense Environment 55 181Moderately Dense Environment 47 154Dense Environment 39 129Table 5-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 244Moderately Open Environment 64 208Mildly Dense Environment 56 184Moderately Dense Environment 48 156Dense Environment 40 131Table 5-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 70 230Moderately Open Environment 60 197Mildly Dense Environment 53 174Moderately Dense Environment 45 148Dense Environment 38 125
5-22 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. ATable 5-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 70 231Moderately Open Environment 60 197Mildly Dense Environment 53 174Moderately Dense Environment 45 149Dense Environment 38 125Table 5-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 246Moderately Open Environment 58 191Mildly Dense Environment 50 166Moderately Dense Environment 42 137Dense Environment 30 100Table 5-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 247Moderately Open Environment 58 191Mildly Dense Environment 51 167Moderately Dense Environment 42 138Dense Environment 30 100
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-23620021-0 Rev. ATable 5-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 72 236Moderately Open Environment 56 183Mildly Dense Environment 49 160Moderately Dense Environment 40 132Dense Environment 29 96Table 5-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 69 226Moderately Open Environment 54 176Mildly Dense Environment 47 154Moderately Dense Environment 39 128Dense Environment 28 93
5-24 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A5.2.3 Examples of Design EstimatesExample Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application1. Design goals:• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)• TDMA provider• 12 TDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 5.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 5-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 5-5) indicates that Unison can support 12 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3. Building information:• 8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.)• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 95.5 dB (7.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 5.4 on page 5-29.5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 5-19, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 5-19, shows that a building with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 5.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-25620021-0 Rev. AEquipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUsb. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubsc. 2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main HubCheck that the Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 5.3, “System Gain,” on page 5-28 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate sig-nal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Hubs can-not be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
5-26 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. AExample Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application1. Design goals:• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink fre-quency in 1900 MHz PCS band)• CDMA provider• 8 CDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 5.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 5-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 5-12) indicates that Unison can support 8 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3. Building information:• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.)• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 5.4 on page 5-29.5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 5-19, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 5-19, shows that a building with 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 5.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-27620021-0 Rev. A6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 4 antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUsb. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubsc. 8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 2 Main HubCheck that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-tances differ, use the tables in Section 5.3, “System Gain,” on page 5-28 to deter-mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Hubs can-not be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
5-28 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A5.3 System GainThe system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.5.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable LengthThe recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recom-mended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). The system should not be operated with ScTP cable that is less than 10 meters (33 ft) in length, system performance will be greatly compromised. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 5-29.Table 5-29 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable LengthScTP Cable LengthTypical change in system gain (dB)Downlink Uplink800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.61800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7120 m / 394 ft –4.0 –2.4130 m / 426 ft –6.4 –4.1140 m / 459 ft –8.8 –5.8150 m / 492 ft –11.3 –7.62.1 GHz UMTS110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6
PN 9000-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-29620021-0 Rev. A5.4 Link Budget AnalysisA link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 5.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.
5-30 InterReach Unison Accel Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 9000-10620021-0 Rev. A5.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband StandardsThe link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 5.2.1.Table 5-30 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.Table 5-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband SystemsConsideration DescriptionBTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station outputAttenuation between BTS and UnisonThis includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 5.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure, the system noise figure will be approximately that of Unison alone. See Section 5.5 for ways to inde-pendently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).Unison Noise Figure This is Unison’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Hubs and RAUs, and the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power combined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Hub’s RAU ports are not used.

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