ADC Telecommunications UNS-PCS-1 InterReach Unison PCS User Manual unison

ADC Telecommunications Inc. InterReach Unison PCS unison

User manual

PN 8700-10620003-0Installation, Operation,and Reference ManualInterReach UnisonTM
PN 8700-10620003-0Installation, Operation,and Reference ManualInterReach UnisonTM
InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:Address 2540 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California95134-1902 USAAttn: Marketing Dept.Phone 1-408-952-2400Fax 1-408-952-2410Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.come-mail info@lgcwireless.comservice@lgcwireless.comCopyright © 2001 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.TrademarksAll trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademark of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual620003-0Limited WarrantySeller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.
InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0
PN8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual i620003-0PRELIMINARYTable of ContentsSECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-61.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6SECTION 2 InterReach™ Unison System Description . . . . 2-12.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.2 System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32.3 System Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42.4 System OA&M Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.4.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally . . 2-62.4.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72.4.3 Using Alarm Contact Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-82.5 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92.6 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-102.7 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-112.7.1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-112.7.2 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122.7.3 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122.7.4 RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13.1 Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63.2 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-83.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93.2.1.1 N-type Female Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
PRELIMINARYii InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10620003-03.2.1.2 9-pin D-sub Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-74.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84.4 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35.1.2 RJ-45 Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35.2 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5SECTION 6 Installing Unison Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.3 Neutral Host System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1.4 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56.3.2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-66.3.3 Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-86.3.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-86.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-96.4.1 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116.4.1.1 Installing RAUs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . 6-126.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-136.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-186.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . 6-186.4.3 Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
PRELIMINARYPN8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual iii620003-06.4.4 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . 6-206.5 Starting and Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-216.5.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . 6-246.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-266.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-306.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . 6-346.7.1 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-356.7.2 Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38SECTION 7 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1 Installing the AdminManager Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27.1.1 PC/Laptop Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27.2 Installation Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-127.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-137.2.1.1 Description of Step 1 Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-147.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-157.2.2.1 Description of Step 2 Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-177.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-197.2.3.1 Description of Step 3 Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-207.2.4 Step 4: Final System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-217.2.4.1 Description of Step 4 Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-227.2.5 Finish Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-237.2.5.1 Description of Finish Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-237.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-247.3.1 Window Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-257.3.2 Options when Connected Locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-287.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely . . . . . . . . . . 7-337.4 Upgrading Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-377.5 System Status Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-387.5.1 System Status Tree Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38SECTION 8 Designing a Unison Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-198.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-208.2.2 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-218.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-278.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-318.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . 8-318.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-328.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . 8-338.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-35
PRELIMINARYiv InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10620003-08.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 8-378.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-408.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 8-448.5 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-458.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-478.6.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-488.6.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-498.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-508.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-518.7.1 Capacity of the Unison Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-518.7.2 Example Unison Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-52SECTION 9 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39.3 Replacing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-110.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-110.2 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-210.2.1 Fault Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-310.2.2 Warning Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-810.3 LED Troubleshooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1010.3.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation . 10-1110.3.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1210.4 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1A.2 Fiber Optical Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3A.3 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3APPENDIX B Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1B.1 Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1B.2 Radio/EMC Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2APPENDIX C Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
PN8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual v620003-0PRELIMINARYList of FiguresFigure 2-1 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Figure 2-2 Local System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6Figure 2-3 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7Figure 2-4 Unison’s Double Star Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3Figure 3-4 Standard Serial Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4Figure 3-5 Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Figure 3-6 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Figure 6-1 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27Figure 6-2 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28Figure 6-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29Figure 6-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 6-30Figure 6-5 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 6-31Figure 6-6 Connecting MetroReach to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35Figure 6-7 Connecting a BTS to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36Figure 6-8 Daisy-Chained Alarm Source Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37Figure 6-9 Connecting LGCell to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38Figure 6-10 Alarm Sense Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39Figure 7-1 PC Connected to Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1Figure 7-2 AdminManager Start Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10Figure 7-3 Step 1: Verify Hardware Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
PRELIMINARYvi InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10620003-0Figure 7-4 Step 2: Set Operation Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15Figure 7-5 Step 3: Configure System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19Figure 7-6 Step 4: Final System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21Figure 7-7 Finish Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23Figure 7-8 Configuration & Maintenance Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24Figure 7-9 Firmware Update Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37Figure 8-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 8-19Figure 1 Losses to be Included in Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45Figure 8-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-47Figure 8-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . 8-48Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
PN8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual vii620003-0PRELIMINARYList of TablesTable 2-1 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Table 2-2 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Table 2-3 GSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Table 2-4 EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15Table 2-7 W-CDMA RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States . . . . . . . . . 4-5Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6Table 4-3 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9Table 5-1 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5Table 6-1 Unison Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2Table 6-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Table 6-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 6-8Table 6-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8Table 6-5 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . 6-18Table 6-6 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Power On . . . 6-24Table 7-1 Configuration and Maintenance Window Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25Table 7-2 Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands . . . . . . . . . 7-30Table 7-3 System Status Tree Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38Table 8-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4Table 8-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5Table 8-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6Table 8-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7Table 8-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
PRELIMINARYviii InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10620003-0Table 8-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9Table 8-7 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10Table 8-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11Table 8-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12Table 8-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13Table 8-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14Table 8-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15Table 8-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16Table 8-14 2.1 GHz (WCDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17Table 8-15 Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19Table 8-16 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20Table 8-17 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 8-21Table 8-18 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 8-22Table 8-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23Table 8-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23Table 8-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24Table 8-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24Table 8-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25Table 8-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25Table 8-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26Table 8-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26Table 8-27 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31Table 8-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33Table 8-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems . . . . . . .8-38Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5Table 10-3 Remote Access Unit Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7Table 10-4 Main Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8Table 10-5 Expansion Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9Table 10-6 Remote Access Unit Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9Table 10-7 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . 10-11Table 10-8 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation 10-11
PRELIMINARYPN8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual ix620003-0Table 10-9 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12Table 10-10 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
PRELIMINARYxInterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10620003-0
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 1-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 1 General InformationThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2• Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3• Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
General Information PRELIMINARY1-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-01.1 Purpose and ScopeThis document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components and the AdminManager software. Included is information for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the system. Also included is information about how to use the AdminManager software to install and configure the Unison system, as well as to per-form other tasks such as change gain settings and check system status.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Conventions in this Manual1.2 Conventions in this ManualThe following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described.NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or importance, and to provide supplemental information.CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.ProcedureThis format is used to highlight a procedure.Convention Descriptionbold Used for emphasisBOLD CAPS Used to indicate labels on equipmentSMALL CAPS Used to highlight software window buttons
General Information PRELIMINARY1-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-01.3 Acronyms in this ManualAcronym DefinitionAGC automatic gain controlALC automatic level controlAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service BTS base transceiver stationCat-5/6 Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable)CDMA code division multiple accessCDPD cellular digital packet datadB decibeldBm decibels relative to 1 milliwattDC direct currentDCS Digital Communications SystemDL downlinkEDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile CommunicationsEH Expansion HubGHz gigahertzGPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications)Hz hertzIF intermediate frequencyiDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA wireless)LAN local area networkLO local oscillatormA milliampsMBS microcellular base stationMH Main HubMHz megahertzMMF multi-mode fiberMTBF mean time between failuresNF noise figurenm nanometerOA&M operation, administration, and maintenance
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Acronyms in this ManualPCS Personal Communication ServicesPLL phase-locked loopPLS path loss slopeRAU Remote Access UnitRF radio frequencyRSSI received signal strength indicatorSC/APC fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polishedSMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SMF single-mode fiberST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type)ScTP screened twisted pairTDMA time division multiple accessUL uplink; Underwriters LaboratoriesuW microwattsUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUPS uninterruptable power supplyWwattW-CDMA wideband code division multiple accessAcronym Definition
General Information PRELIMINARY1-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-01.4 Standards Conformance• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation (see Appendix B).• See Appendix B for compliance information.1.5 Related Publications•MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10•LGCell Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8100-50•OpsConsole User Guide; LGC Wireless part number 8701-10•ARM2000 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8305-10•LGC Wireless Accessories Catalog; LGC Wireless part number 8600-10•Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 2-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 2 InterReach™ Unison System Description2.1 System OverviewInterReach™ Unison is an intelligent fiber optic wireless networking system that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the Cellular or Personal Communications Services (PCS) network in any public or private facility, including:• Campus environments•Airports• Office buildings• Shopping Malls• Hospitals• Public Facilities (convention centers, sports venues, etc.)Unlike other wireless distribution alternatives, Unison is an intelligent active system, using microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band set-tings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities.The Unison system supports major Cellular/PCS standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:• Frequencies: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz• Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, DCS, GSM, EGSM, iDEN, CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Key System Features•Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.•High downlink composite power (+26 dBm), IP3 (+38 dBm) and low uplink noise figure (22 dB for a system with 8 RAUs), enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.• The Main Hub and the Expansion Hub are software configurable. Thus, the fre-quency band can be field configured.• The system supports flexible cabling alternatives, allowing the use of either mul-timode or single-mode fiber (in addition to standard Cat-5 or Cat-6 [Cat-5/6] twisted pair). Cabling type can be selected to meet the resident cabling infrastruc-ture of the facility and unique building topologies.•Extended system “reach”. Using multimode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 1.5 kilometers. Alternately, with single mode fiber the fiber run can be as long as 6 kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). And the Cat-5/6 twisted pair cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum (150 meters with RF performance degradation).•Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:• System gain:– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps on both downlink and uplink.• RAU:– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be attenuated 10 dB.– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be optimized for either a single operator or multi-operators/protocols.– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a problem with the antenna.• The system firmware effectively “future proofs” the product. When any modi-fications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabili-ties/services, systems that have already been installed can be upgraded simply by downloading new firmware (either locally or remotely).•Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, automatic reporting of all warnings and alarms, and user-friendly graphi-cal-user interface OA&M software packages.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3620003-0PRELIMINARY System Hardware2.2 System HardwareThe InterReach Unison system consists of three modular components:• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)• Converts RF signals to optical on the downlink; optical to RF on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Software configurable band• Simplex interface to any RF source• System master – periodically polls all downstream units (Expansion Hubs/RAUs) for system status, and automatically reports any warnings/alarms• 19" rack-mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)• Converts optical signals to electrical on the downlink and electrical signals to optical on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Software configurable band (based on command from Main Hub)• Supplies DC power to RAU•Remote Access Unit (RAU)• Converts electrical signals to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Protocol/band specific unitsThe minimum configuration of a Unison system is one Main Hub, one Expansion Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). Multiple systems can be com-bined to provide larger configurations.
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-02.3 System SoftwareThe AdminManager software runs on a Laptop PC which is either directly connected to the DB-9 RS-232 male connector on the Main Hub’s front panel or is remotely communicating through a modem that is connected to the DB-9 connector on the Main Hub’s rear panel. The AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time.• Connected locally, you can access the Installation Wizard which lets you configure a newly installed system, or access the Configuration Panel which lets you query system status, configure a newly added or swapped unit, or change system parame-ters.• Connected remotely, AdminManager initiates communications with the Main Hub. You can access a read-only Configuration Panel which lets you check system status to help you determine if an on-site visit is required.Refer to Section 7 for information about installing and using the AdminManager soft-ware.Alternately, an LGC Wireless OA&M software application called the OpsConsole is available separately. The OpsConsole lets you manage, monitor, and maintain multi-ple sites and systems from a centralized location. This software is described in a sep-arate LGC document (part number 8701-10).
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5620003-0PRELIMINARY System OA&M Capabilities2.4 System OA&M CapabilitiesThe InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality.Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:• Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.• The Main Hub’s front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access) or to a modem (for remote access).Figure 2-1 OA&M CommunicationsPSTNRS-232RS-232 EthernetPC/LaptoprunningModemMain HubModemMain HubTCP/IPRS-232ENET/232ConverterCat-5/6RS-232SC/APCMain HubSC/APCRJ-45Expansion HubRJ-45Remote Access UnitFiberMain HubAdminManagerOr OpsConsoleAdminManager can only initiatecommunications with a remotelymodem calls.Use the OpsConsole for monitoringand receiving communications frominstalled system; it cannot receiveremotely installed systems.
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-02.4.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison LocallyEach Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of the monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in its memory. When a unit detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported. Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and faults and warnings are reported to the Main Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, via the Main Hub’s serial port, that is running the AdminManager software.Using AdminManager locally, you can install a new system or new components, change system parameters, and query system status. The following figure illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager.Figure 2-2 Local System Monitoring and Reporting MainHubExpansionHubThe Main Hub checks its own status and polls each of its Expansion Hubs for their status, which includes RAU status.The Expansion Hub checks its own status and polls each of its RAUs for their status.Each RAU reports its status to the Expansion Hub.• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.• If a fault or warning condition is detected, the information is passed to the Expansion Hub.The Expansion Hub receives status from each of its RAUs and comparesit to previously stored status.• LEDs on the front panel of the Expansion Hub light red if a fault is detected in itself or an RAU.• If a fault or warning condition is detected in the Expansion Hub or an RAU, the information is passed to the Main Hub.The Main Hub receives status of the Expansion Hubs and each of their RAUs, and compares it to previously stored status.• LEDs on the front panel of the Main Hub light red if a fault is detected in any unit.• If a fault or warning condi-tion is detected in any unit, the Main Hub reports it to the AdminManager. PC/LaptoprunningAdminManagerUse the Admin-Manager to query units for their status or get current warn-ing and alarm con-ditions.RAURAU
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7620003-0PRELIMINARY Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely2.4.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison RemotelyWhen monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status to the OpsConsole. If the host does not acknowledge the connection, the Main Hub issues an automatic call-out every 15 minutes until an auto acknowledge or standard request for status (initiated by the host) is received.You can use AdminManager to query system status via a read-only Configuration & Maintenance panel. You cannot change system parameters or configure system com-ponents remotely with AdminManager. (Refer to Figure 2-1 on page 2-5.)The following figure illustrates how the system reports its status to the OpsConsole.Figure 2-3 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting Refer to the OpsConsole User Guide, LGC Wireless part number 8701-10, for more information about using the OpsConsole for system monitoring.ExpansionHubThe Expansion Hub checks its own status and polls each of its RAUs for their status.Each RAU reports its status to the Expansion Hub.• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.• If a fault or warning condition is detected, the information is passed to the Expansion Hub.The Expansion Hub receives status from each RAU and comparesit to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel light red.• If a fault or warning condition is detected in the Expansion Hub or an RAU, the informa-tion is passed to the Main Hub.The Main Hub receives status of Expansion Hub and each RAU and com-pares it to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel light red.• If a fault or warning con-dition is detected in any unit, the Main Hub ini-tiates a call to the OpsConsole.Use the OpsConsole to remotely monitor and maintain the system.RAURAUModemModemPSTNMainHubPCrunningOpsConsoleThe Main Hub checks its own status and polls each of its Expansion Hubs for their status, which includes RAU status.
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-02.4.3 Using Alarm Contact ClosuresThe DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub can be connected to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems.• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense).• When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source).Refer to Section 6.7 on page 6-34 for information on how to connect other equipment to a Unison system for monitoring.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9620003-0PRELIMINARY System Connectivity2.5 System ConnectivityThe double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in the following figure, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fiber for 8 antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair (instead of pulling additional fiber).Figure 2-4 Unison’s Double Star ArchitectureMain HubRS-232PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4Expansion Hub Expansion HubFiberExpansion HubExpansion HubCat-5/6Cat-5/6 Cat-5/6up to 8 RAUs per Expansion HubRAU RAU RAU
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-02.6 System Operation• Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)• Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)Main HubRAUThe Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cableThe Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable.The Expansion Hub converts the optical sig-nals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 cable.The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas via coaxial cable.Expansion HubMain HubRAUThe Main Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cableThe Main Hub receives the optical signals from the Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cables and converts them to RF signals.The Expansion Hub receives the IF signals from the RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 cables and converts them to optical signals.The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna via coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals.Expansion Hub
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11620003-0PRELIMINARY System Specifications2.7 System Specifications2.7.1 Physical SpecificationsParameter Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Antenna UnitRF Connectors 2 N-type, female 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)1 RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)1 SMA, male (coaxial)External Alarm Connector (contact closure)1 9-pin D-sub, female — —Serial Interface Connector 1 9-pin D-sub, male — —Fiber Connectors 4 Pair, SC/APC 1 Pair, SC/APC —LED Alarm and Status IndicatorsUnit Status (1 pair):•Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit Status (1 pair per fiber port):•Link•E-Hub/RAUUnit Status (1 pair):•Power•E-Hub StatusFiber Link Status (1 pair):•DL Status•UL StatusRAU/Link Status(1 pair per RJ-45 port):•Link•RAUUnit Status (1 pair):•Link•AlarmAC Power (Volts) Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 HzRating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging, 2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz—DC Power (Volts) — — 36VPower Consumption (W) 30 260 (includes 8 RAUs) 11Enclosure Dimensions*(height × width × depth)*Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs.44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)Weight < 3 kg(< 6.5 lb)< 5 kg(< 11 lb)< 1 kg(< 2 lb)MTBF 106,272 hours 78,998 hours 282,207 hours
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-02.7.2 Environmental Specifications2.7.3 Operating FrequenciesParameter Main Hub and Expansion Hub RAUOperating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95% 5% to 95%Freq.Band UnisonBand DescriptionRF PassbandDownlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)PCS PCS1 A & D Band 1930–1950 1850–1870PCS PCS2 D & B Band 1945–1965 1865–1885PCS PCS3 B & E Band 1950–1970 1870–1890PCS PCS4 E & F Band 1965–1975 1885–1895PCS PCS5 F & C Band 1970–1990 1890–1910DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785DCS DCS3 DCS3 Band 1840–1875 1745–1780Cellular CELL – 869–894 824–849iDEN iDEN – 851–869 806–824EGSM EGSM – 925–960 880–915GSM GSM – 935–960 890–915UMTS UMTS1 – 2110–2145 1920–1955UMTS UMTS2 – 2125–2160 1935–1970UMTS UMTS3 – 2135–2170 1945–1980
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13620003-0PRELIMINARY RF End-to-End Performance2.7.4 RF End-to-End PerformanceTable 2-1 Cellular RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)**System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. 15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB Output IP3 38 dBm Input IP3††For two tones into one RAU, IP3 higher in other circumstances.–16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm AMPS output power per carrier when 30 carriers are present 0.7 dBm TDMA output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present 4.0 dBm CDMA output power per carrier when 6 carriers are present 7.8 dBm Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 16 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 22 dB Table 2-2 iDEN RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)**System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step.15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB Output IP3 38 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm Output power per carrier when 6 carriers are present 6.4 dBm Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 17 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 23 dB 
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Table 2-3 GSM RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)**System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. 15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB Output IP3 38 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm GSM output power per carrier when 12 carriers are present 5.0 dBm Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 17 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 23 dB Table 2-4 EGSM RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) **System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step.15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Output IP3 38 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm GSM output power per carrier when 12 carriers are present 5.0 dBm Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 16 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 22 dB 
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-15620003-0PRELIMINARY RF End-to-End PerformanceTable 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)**System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step. 15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 5.5 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Output IP3 36.5 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 24.5 dBm GSM output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present 5.0 dBm Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 17 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 23 dB Table 2-6 PCS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)**System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step.15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Output IP3 36.5 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 24.5 dBm TDMA output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present 4.0 dBm GSM output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present 4.2 dBm CDMA output power per carrier when 8 carriers are present 7.8 dBm Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 16 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 22 dB 
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY2-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Table 2-7 W-CDMA RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter TypicalLinkUL DLAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) **System output gain: 0 to 15 dB, adjustable in 1 dB steps. The gain of individual RAUs can be attenuated 0 to 10 dB, adjustable in one step.15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Output IP3 36.5 dBm Input IP3 –12 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm Output power per carrier when 7 carriers are present TBD Noise Figure 1 MH-1 EH-8 RAUs 16 dB Noise Figure 1 MH-4 EHs-32 RAUs 22 dB 
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 3-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 3 Unison Main HubThe Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the Expansion Hubs for a base station or MetroReach Focus system.Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison SystemUnison Main Hub Unison Expansion Hub RAUDownlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables.The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs via the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable.Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs via the fiber optic cable.Downlink to Main HubUplink from Main HubDownlink from Main HubUplink to Main Hub
Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY3-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Main Hub Front Panel3.1 Main Hub Front PanelFigure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel1. Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK)• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK)2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)• One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK)• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU)3. One set of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS)4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using a PC/laptop (labeled RS-232)1234
Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY3-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-03.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink PortsThe optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hub(s) using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:• Optical Fiber Uplink ConnectorThis connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an Expansion Hub.• Optical Fiber Downlink ConnectorThis connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-nals to an Expansion Hub.CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors.3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial ConnectorRemote MonitoringUse a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. The following figure shows the cable pinout.Figure 3-4 Standard Serial Cable PinoutDB-9 Connector PinDB-25 Connector Pin12345678983220764522
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Communications RS-232 Serial ConnectorLocal MonitoringUse a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. The following figure shows the cable pinout.Figure 3-5 Null Modem Cable PinoutNote that for each connector, pins 1 and 6 are tied together and sent to pin 4 of the opposite connector.DB-9 Connector PinDB-9 Connector Pin123456789123456789
Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY3-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-03.1.3 LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or if the system test has not been performed. Use the LEDs as a go/no go test or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.Upon power up, the Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Unit Status LEDsThe Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of three states, as shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redblinking green/red (alternating green/red)There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED StatesLED State IndicatesGreenGreen• Main Hub is connected to power• Main Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could existGreenRed• Main Hub is connected to power• Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout conditionGreenAlternating Green/Red• Main Hub is connected to power• Main Hub input signal level too highPOWERMAIN HUBSTATUSPOWERMAIN HUBSTATUSPOWERMAIN HUBSTATUS
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7620003-0PRELIMINARY LED IndicatorsPort LEDsThe Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four Expansion Hub ports. The LED pairs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table, in a combination of the following:offsteady greensteady redThe port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit is having a problem (i.e., the Expansion Hub vs. one of the RAUs).Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff• Expansion Hub not connected GreenGreen• Expansion Hub connected, communications normal• No faults from Expansion Hub or any connected RAURedOff• Loss of communications with Expansion HubGreenRed• Expansion Hub connected• Fault or lockout reported by Expansion Hub or any connected RAULINKE-HUB/RAULINKE-HUB/RAULINKE-HUB/RAULINKE-HUB/RAU
Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY3-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-03.2 Main Hub Rear PanelFigure 3-6 Main Hub Rear Panel1. Power on/off switch2. AC power cord connector3. Fan exhaust vent4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1)5. Two N-type, female connectors:• Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK)• Uplink (labeled UPLINK)1 2 3 4 5
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9620003-0PRELIMINARY Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors3.2.1.1 N-type Female ConnectorsThere are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub:•The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-tion, or MetroReach Focus system.•The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system.3.2.1.2 9-pin D-sub ConnectorThe 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for major error and minor error system alarm monitoring.The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector. Pin locations are labeled on the figure.This interface can either generate contact alarms or sense a single external alarm con-tact.Pin Function1 Ground / Alarm Input2 Reserved3 Reserved4 Minor Error (positive connection)5 Minor Error (negative connection)6 DC Ground (common)7 Major Error (positive connection)8 Alarm Input9 Major Error (negative connection)
Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY3-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-03.3 Faults and WarningsThe Main Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to:• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-ing properly.• Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are functioning properly.The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both fault and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.The faults and warnings that the Main Hub is responsible for monitoring and report-ing are listed in Section 10.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-11620003-0PRELIMINARY Main Hub Specifications3.4 Main Hub SpecificationsTable 3-3 Main Hub SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb)Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%External Alarm Connector (contact closure)1 9-pin D-sub, femaleSerial Interface Connector 1 9-pin D-sub, maleFiber Connectors 4 Pair, SC/APCRF Connectors 2 N-type, femaleLED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):•Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per fiber port):•Link•E-Hub/RAUAC Power Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 HzPower Consumption (W) 30MTBF 106,272 hours
Unison Main Hub PRELIMINARY3-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 4-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 4 Unison Expansion HubThe Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals. It also supplies the DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s).Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison SystemUnison Expansion HubUnison Main Hub RAUDownlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable. It converts the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) via Cat-5/6 cables.Also, the Expansion Hub receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable and relays configu-ration information to the RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable.Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cables. It converts the sig-nals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub via fiber optic cable.Also, the Expansion Hub receives RAU status information via the Cat-5/6 cable and sends it and its own status information to the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable.Downlink to Expansion HubUplink from Expansion HubDownlink from Expansion HubUplink to Expansion Hub
Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY4-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Front Panel4.1 Expansion Hub Front PanelFigure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)• One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK)• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU)3. One set of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS)4. One set of fiber connection status LEDs• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled DL STATUS)• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled UL STATUS)5. One fiber optic port which has two connectors• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK)• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWN-LINK)1 2 3 4 5
Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY4-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-04.1.1 RJ-45 ConnectorsThe eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cable that is used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 con-nectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power.4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink ConnectorsThe optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:• Optical Fiber Uplink ConnectorThis connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals to the Main Hub.• Optical Fiber Downlink ConnectorThis connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-nals from the Main Hub.CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber con-nector port, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5620003-0PRELIMINARY LED Indicators4.1.3 LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or if the system test has not been performed. Use the LEDs as a go/no go test or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDsThe Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of five states, as shown in the following table. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redThere is no off state when the unit’s power is on.Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED StatesLED State IndicatesGreen / GreenGreen / Green• Expansion Hub is connected to power• Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected) although the cable length may be longer than recommended maximum• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normalGreen / GreenRed / Green• Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout, but optical power in and out are normalGreen / RedRed / Green• Fault condition detected, optical power in is below minimum. (Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or Main Hub’s DL laser has failed.)Green / GreenRed / Red• Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition• Optical power in is normal, optical power out is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub)Green / RedRed / Red• No downlink or uplink: replace Expansion HubPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUS
Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY4-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Port LEDsThe Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redTable 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff• RAU is not connectedGreenGreen• RAU is connected• No faults from RAURedOff• Loss of communications to RAUGreenRed• RAU is connected• Fault/lockout condition reported by RAULINKRAULINKRAULINKRAULINKRAU
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7620003-0PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Rear Panel4.2 Expansion Hub Rear PanelFigure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel1. Power on/off switch2. AC power cord connector3. Three air exhaust vents1 2 3
Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY4-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-04.3 Faults and WarningsThe Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both fault and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.The faults and warnings that the Expansion Hub is responsible for monitoring and Reporting are listed in Section 10.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-9620003-0PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Specifications4.4 Expansion Hub SpecificationsTable 4-3 Expansion Hub SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)Weight < 5 kg (< 11 lb)Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%Cat-5/6 Connectors 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)Fiber Connectors 1 Pair, SC/APCLED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):•Power• E-Hub StatusFiber Link Status (1 pair):•DL Status•UL StatusRAU/Link Status (1 pair per RJ-45 port):•Link•RAUAC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz) Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging, 2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 HzPower Consumption (W) 260 (includes 8 RAUs)MTBF 78,998 hours
Unison Expansion Hub PRELIMINARY4-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 5-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 5 Unison Remote Access UnitThe Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan-sion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. The cable also delivers electri-cal power to the RAU.An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison SystemUnison Expansion Hub RAUDownlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable.Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/6 cable.Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Expansion Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.Downlink to RAUUplink from RAUUnison Main Hub Downlink to antennaUplink from antenna
Unison Remote Access Unit PRELIMINARY5-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Remote Access Unit Connectors5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors5.1.1 SMA ConnectorThe RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/out-put port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.5.1.2 RJ-45 PortThe RAU has one RJ-45 port that connects it to an Expansion Hub using Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.5.2 LED IndicatorsUpon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 5-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Status LEDsThe RAU status LEDs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redTable 5-1 Remote Access Unit LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff• RAU is not receiving DC powerGreenGreen• RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with Expansion Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine)GreenRed• RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Expansion Hub is normalRedRed• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the Expansion HubLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARM
Unison Remote Access Unit PRELIMINARY5-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-05.3 Faults and WarningsThe Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both faults and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software, or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.The faults and warnings that the RAU is responsible for monitoring and reporting are listed in Section 10.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Remote Access Unit Specifications5.4 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsTable 5-2 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionDimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)Weight < 1 kg (< 2 lb)Operating Temperature –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%RF Connectors 1 RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)1 SMA, male (coaxial)LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • AlarmMaximum Heat Dissipation (W) 11MTBF 282,207 hours
Unison Remote Access Unit PRELIMINARY5-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 6-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 6 Installing Unison Components6.1 Installation Requirements6.1.1 Component Location RequirementsUnison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only.6.1.2 Cable and Connector RequirementsThe Unison equipment operates over standard Category 5 or 6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) and industry-standard single-mode fiber (SMF) or multimode fiber (MMF) cable.These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs). The regulations and guidelines for Unison cable installation are identical to those specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for LANs (see Appendix B).LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connec-tors for conformity to building codes and standards. ScTP is required in order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions tests.6.1.3 Neutral Host System RequirementsAs in any Unison system, a neutral host system requires one pair of fiber strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5/6 cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. To help achieve the cost savings possible in a neutral host system, it is advantageous to install additional cables for future growth.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.1.4 Distance RequirementsThe following table shows the distances between Unison components and related equipment.Table 6-1 Unison Distance RequirementsEquipment Combination Cable Type Distance Additional InformationRepeater to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.Refer to your link budget calculation.Base Station to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.Refer to your link budgetcalculation.Main Hub to Expansion HubMultimode Fiber:Single-Mode Fiber:SC/APC male connectors1.5 km (4,921 ft) max.6 km (19,685 ft) max.Limited by 3 dB optical loss.Expansion Hub to RAU Cat-5/6 ScTP; shielded RJ-45 male connectors10 meters (33 ft) absolute min.25 meters (82 ft) recommended min.100 m (328 ft) recommended max.150 m (492 ft) absolute max.See “System Gain (Loss) Rela-tive to ScTP Cable Length” on page 8-31.RAU to passive antenna Coaxial; SMA male connectors1–3.5 m (3–12 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.Refer to your link budgetcalculation.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Safety Precautions6.2 Safety Precautions6.2.1 Installation GuidelinesUse the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment:1. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not com-promise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment.2. Be careful when servicing these products. If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the components.3. The internal power supply has internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Con-sider the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provi-sioning the equipment’s AC power source and distribution.6.2.2 General Safety PrecautionsThe following precautions apply to LGC Wireless products:• The units have no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Please contact us at:1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)• Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture and connectivity, the units are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards, or other similar data equipment.• When you connect the fiber optic cable, take the same precaution as if installing Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber SC/APC connectors should be cleaned according to the cable manufacturer’s instructions.• When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, DO NOT over-tighten the SMA connector. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate.WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture. The components are intended for indoor use only. Do not install the RAU outdoors. Do not connect an RAU to an antenna that is located outside where it could be subject to lightning strikes, power crosses, or wind.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.2.3 Fiber Port Safety PrecautionsThe following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For information about system compliance with safety standards, see Appendix B.WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radia-tion is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going to be used. Do not stare directly into a fiber port.•Test fiber cables: When you test fiber optic cables, connect the optical power source last and disconnect it first. Use Class 1 test equipment.•Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use tape.•Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the fibers. Laser light emitted from fiber sources can cause eye injury. Avoid contact with broken fibers; they are sharp and can pierce the skin. Report any broken fiber cables and have them replaced.•Cleaning: Be sure the connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors.•Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optic system or associated equipment.•Live work: Live work is permitted because LGC Wireless equipment is a Class 1 hazard.•Signs: No warning signs are required.•Class 1 laser product: The system meets the criteria for a Class 1 laser product per IEC 60825-1:1998-01 and IEC 60825-2:2000-05.•CAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.This label appears on the front panel of theMain Hub and the Expansion Hub.CLASS 1LASER PRODUCT
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Preparing for System Installation6.3 Preparing for System Installation6.3.1 Pre-Installation InspectionFollow this procedure before installing Unison equipment:1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list.2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the ship-ping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping agent should be present before unpack-ing and inspecting the contents because damage caused during transit is the responsibility of the shipping agent.3. Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing, contact LGC Wireless customer service.4. If damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.3.2 Installation ChecklistTable 6-2 Installation ChecklistInstallation Requirement ConsiderationFloor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly markedPower available:Main Hub (AC)Expansion Hub (AC)To RAU (DC)Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long.Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 HzRating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz36VRack space available:Main HubExpansion Hub44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U)89 mm (3.5 in.) high (2U)Clearance for air circulation:Main and Expansion HubsRAU76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, 51 mm (2 in.) sides76 mm (3 in.) all aroundSuitable operating environment:Main and Expansion HubsRAUsIndoor location only0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)5% to 95% non-condensing humidity–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)5% to 95% non-condensing humidityDonor Antenna-to-Unison ConfigurationDonor Antenna Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge suppressorLightning Arrestor or Surge SuppressorInstalled between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cableRepeater Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to N-male coaxial cableAttenuator Installed between the circulator and the Main Hub downlink port to prevent overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circula-torCirculator Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink portsBase Station-to-Unison ConfigurationBase Station Verify RF power (see tables in Section 8.1 on page 8-3); N-male to N-male coaxial cable; installed, inspectedAttenuator Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and the desired uplink noise floor levelCirculator When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTSConnecting Multiple Main Hubs Together
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7620003-0PRELIMINARY Installation ChecklistPower combiner/splitter N-male to N-male coaxial cables; power combiner/splitter to Main Hub and base station or repeaterAttenuator Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and the desired uplink noise floor levelCirculator When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the repeater the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTSCablingCoaxial: repeater or base station to Main HubCoax approved; N-type male connectorsCoaxial: RAU to passive antennas Use low-loss cable; SMA male connector; typical 1 m (3.3 ft) using RG142 coaxial cableFiber: Main Hub to Expansion Hubs SC/APC (angle-polished) male connectors; MMF: limited by optical loss of 3 dB, up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft);SMF: limited by optical loss of 3 dB, up to 6 km (19,685 ft)Cat-5/6 ScTP: Expansion Hub to RAUsTIA/EIA 568-A approved; shielded RJ-45 male connectors• Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)• Recommended Minimum: 25 meters (82 ft)• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)• Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft)Tie-off cables to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strainDaisy-chain cable For contact alarm monitoring: connecting up to 5 LGCell systems to Unison, connecting up to 5 Unison systems to MetroReach Focus, or connecting up to 5 Unison systems to a base stationNull modem cable Female connectors; Main Hub to a laptop that is running the AdminManager software; local connectionStraight-through cable Female/male connectors; Main Hub to a modem; remote connectionConfiguring SystemLaptop running AdminManager softwareRefer to requirements in Section 7.1.1, “PC/Laptop Requirements,” on page 7-2DistancesMain Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft) of connecting repeaterIf longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by read-justing the power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value between the base station/repeater and the Main HubMain Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft) of connecting base stationMain Hub is within correct distance of Expansion Hub(s); SMF and MMF optical link budget: 3 dBTable 6-2 Installation Checklist (continued)Installation Requirement Consideration
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.3.3 Tools and Materials Required6.3.4 Optional AccessoriesTable 6-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component InstallationDescriptionCable tiesPhilips screwdriverMounting screws and spring nutsFiber cleaning suppliesCompressed airScrews, anchors, pipe clamp, etc. (for mounting RAUs)DrillFusion splicerTable 6-4 Optional Accessories for Component InstallationDescriptionWall-mount equipment rack(s) (PN: 4712)Cable management (Cable manager: PN 4759; Tie wrap bar: PN 4757)Splice trays
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9620003-0PRELIMINARY Unison Component Installation Procedures6.4 Unison Component Installation ProceduresThe following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory and that it has not been programmed with a band.If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (i.e., re-using units from another system), refer to Section 9.• Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11• Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11• Installing Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11• Connecting the Antenna to the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11• Testing and Connecting the ScTP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12• Installing RAUs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12• Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14• Powering On the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15• Testing and Connecting the Fiber Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15• Connecting the ScTP Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17• Checking the RJ-45 Port LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17• Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18• Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19• Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19• Starting and Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21• Connecting a Laptop and Starting the AdminManager Software . . . . . . . 6-21• Powering On the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22• Checking the Main Hub’s Fiber Port LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23• Configuring the Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25• Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed.• Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26• Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26• Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27• Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 6-32• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 6-33• Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-11620003-0PRELIMINARY Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas6.4.1 Installing RAUs and Passive AntennasCAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only.Installing RAUsMount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans.Considerations:• Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be at least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart.• Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.) clearance around the RAU to ensure proper venting• Always mount the RAU with the flat face against the mounting surfaceInstalling Passive AntennasRefer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions to install passive antennas.Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when estimating the antenna coverage area.Considerations:• Use coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.• Keep iDEN and 800 MHz cellular antennas at least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) apart.Connecting the Antenna to the RAUConnect a passive antenna to the SMA male connector on the RAU using coaxial cable.CAUTION:When connecting to the SMA female connector on the RAU and passive antenna, DO NOT over-tighten the connec-tor. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Testing and Connecting the ScTP CableConsideration:• Before connecting the ScTP cable to the RAU, confirm that it meets TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement.To test and connect the ScTP cable:1. Perform cable testing.Test results are required for the final As-Built Document.Cable length:– Absolute Minimum: 10 m (33 ft)– Recommended Minimum: 25 m (82 ft)– Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft)– Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft)2. Label the cable and make a note of the designation.This information is needed when connecting the cable to the Expansion Hub.3. Connect the cable to the RJ-45 female port on the RAU.Power is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Because the Expansion Hub is not yet connected, no LEDs will illuminate.6.4.1.1 Installing RAUs in a Neutral Host SystemWhen installing both iDEN and cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or neutral host systems, special provision must be taken to assure that the individual RAUs do not interfere with each other.The 800 MHz cellular and iDEN RAU’s antennas must be separated by 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) to assure that the iDEN downlink signals do not interfere with the cellular uplink signals.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-13620003-0PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs6.4.2 Installing Expansion HubsThe Expansion Hub (2U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circu-lation.Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only.CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.Installing an Expansion Hub in a RackConsideration:• The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.• If you want to move the mounting brackets to a mid-mounting position, see Install-ing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack on page 6-14.To install the hub in a rack:1. Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.2. Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front.3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.5. Tighten the mounting screws.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted RackConsiderations:• The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. The rack mount-ing brackets on the Expansion Hub must be moved from the front position to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance required.• The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs).To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack:1. Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided.The rack must be positioned so that the Expansion Hub will be in a horizontal position when it is installed.2. Remove both of the rack mounting brackets from the hub.3. Reattach each of the rack mounting brackets to the opposite side of the hub from which it came.Refer to the following figure for bracket placement.4. Attach the Expansion Hub to the rack.Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Expansion Hub.Right Rack Mounting Bracket as installed from the factory.Left Rack Mounting Bracket installed onthe right side of the hub.3''3.5''3''3.5''
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-15620003-0PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion HubsPowering On the Expansion Hub1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub.2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.3. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly.Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds for a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test:•The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.•The E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red because the Main Hub is not yet connected.• All port LEDs should be off because no RAUs are connected yet.NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cables.Testing and Connecting the Fiber CablesConsiderations:• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical budget.• If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).Using any other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage the equipment.NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 6.2.3 on page 6-4.To test the fiber cables:1. Perform cable testing and record the results.Test results are required for the final As-Built Document.2. Make a note of which cable you will use for uplink and downlink.This information is needed when connecting the cables to the Main Hub.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0To clean the fiber ports:Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the SC/APC connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will contam-inate the fiber port. To clean the fiber connectors:Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturer’s rec-ommendations for cleaning it.To connect the fiber cables:The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. In addition to these labels, you should add a code that identifies which port on the Main Hub is being used and which Expansion Hub the cables are intended for. This differentiates the connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs.If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:1. Connect 1 to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.2. Connect 2 to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.3. Label both ends of each cable with which Main Hub port is used.For example:First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink); Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink); Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on.4. Record which number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK.This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the Main Hub’s fiber ports.If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):1. Connect “blue” to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.2. Connect “red” to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.3. Label both ends of each cable with which Main Hub port is used.For example:First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink); Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink); Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on.4. Record which color and port number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK.This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the Main Hub’s fiber ports.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-17620003-0PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion HubsConnecting the ScTP CablesConsiderations:• Confirm that the cables have been tested and the results recorded.To connect the ScTP cables:1. Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub.2. Record which RAU you are connecting to which port.This information is required for the As-Built Document.3. Tie-off cables or use the optional cable manager to avoid damaging the connec-tors because of cable strain.Checking the RJ-45 Port LEDs•The LINK LED should be green indicating that power is being supplied to the RAU.•The RAU LED should be red indicating that communication is established but a band is not programmed.•If the LINK LED is red and the RAU LED is off, then the RAUs are not commu-nicating with the Expansion Hub.• If the LEDs are off, the RAU is not drawing power.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation• All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indi-cate Green/Red, which indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established.• The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green.6.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host SystemInstalling Expansion Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in Section 6.4.2 on page 6-13.If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all neutral host sys-tem hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For exam-ple, group the Expansion Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz cellular carrier(s), and so on.Table 6-5 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During InstallationDuringInstallation LED State Action ImpactExpansion Hub power is On and no RAUs are connectedPOWER Off Check AC power; check that the Expansion Hub power-on switch is on; replace the Expansion Hub.Expansion Hub is not powering on.LINK LEDs on but didn’t blink through all statesReplace the Expansion Hub. Microcontroller not resetting properly; flash memory corrupted.E-HUB/RAUUL STATUS Red Replace the Expansion Hub. The Expansion Hub laser is not opera-tional; no uplink between the Expansion Hub and Main Hub.LINK Red Port unusable; replace the Expan-sion Hub when possible.Current sensor fault; do not use the port.E-HUB/RAU OffConnect RAU LINK Off Check the Cat-5/6 cable. Power is not getting to the RAU.E-HUB/RAU OffLINK Red Test the Cat-5/6 cable. If the cable tests OK, try another port. If the second port’s LEDs are Red/Off, replace the RAU. If the second RAU doesn’t work; replace the Expansion Hub.Power levels to RAU are not correct; communications are not established.If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace EH when possi-ble.E-HUB/RAU Off
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-19620003-0PRELIMINARY Installing a Main Hub6.4.3 Installing a Main HubCAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only.Installing a Main Hub in a RackThe Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air circulation.Consideration:• The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.To install the hub in a rack:1. Insert spring nuts into rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.2. Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front.3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.5. Tighten the mounting screws.NOTE: Do not turn on the Main Hub until you’ve started the AdminMan-ager software (see Section 6.5 on page 6-21).Rack-mounting OptionYou can flip the rack mounting brackets, as shown in the following figure, so the hub can be mounted 76 mm (3 in.) forward in the rack.Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Main Hub.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-20 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.4.4 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host SystemInstalling Main Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in Section 6.4.3 on page 6-19.We recommend mounting all neutral host system Main Hubs in the same rack(s), grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz cellular carrier(s), and so on.Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 6.6 on page 6-26 and Section 6.6.1 on page 6-30.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-21620003-0PRELIMINARY Starting and Configuring the System6.5 Starting and Configuring the SystemConnecting a Laptop and Starting the AdminManager SoftwareConsiderations:• The AdminManager software is installed on a laptop computer that meets the requirements that are listed on page 7-2.• Null modem cable with female connectors is needed.To connect and start the AdminManager software:1. Connect the null modem cable to the laptop and then to the RS-232 port on the Main Hub’s front panel.2. Turn on the laptop and start the AdminManager software.The main Installation Wizard window is displayed when the software is ready.Powering On the Main HubAfter mounting the Main Hub in the rack, connect it to the AC power. You may use multiple outlet surge protectors for multiple Main Hubs.1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub.2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.3. Turn on the power.Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds for a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test:•The POWER LED should be green.•The MAIN HUB STATUS LED should be red because a band has not been pro-grammed.• All fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that no fiber cables are connected.NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cables.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-22 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main HubConsiderations:• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical budget.• If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished). Using any other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage the equipment.NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 6.2.3 on page 6-4.To clean the fiber ports:Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the SC/APC connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will contam-inate the fiber port.To clean the fiber connectors:Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturer’s rec-ommendations for cleaning it.To connect the fiber cables:The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. For proper connection between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to the numbering or color-coded connections you recorded when installing the Expansion Hub(s).If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:1. Connect 1s to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub UPLINK port to use.2. Connect 2s to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub DOWNLINK port to use.If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):1. Connect “blue”s to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub UPLINK port to use.2. Connect “red”s to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.Refer to the connections you recorded, or the cable label, when the Expansion Hub(s) were installed to know which Main Hub DOWNLINK port to use.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-23620003-0PRELIMINARY Starting and Configuring the SystemChecking the Main Hub’s Fiber Port LEDs•The LINK LED should be green if the fiber is connected to the Expansion Hub, and communication and optical power are okay.•The E-HUB/RAU LED should be red because a band has not been programmed.•If the LINK LED is red and the E-HUB/RAU LED is off, there is no communica-tion with the Expansion Hub. Check the fiber cables (downlink first); a cable may be broken or the optical link budget may be exceeded.•If the PORT LEDs are blank (off), the Main Hub does not recognize the pres-ence of an Expansion Hub. Check the fiber cables (uplink first); a cable may be broken or the optical link budget may be exceeded. Check to ensure that the cables are connected at the Expansion Hub, and that the Expansion Hub’s power is on.NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-24 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.5.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During InstallationThe following Main Hub LED indications assume that the Expansion Hub LEDs have already been checked.• All Main Hub fiber port LEDs that have Expansion Hubs connected to them should be Green/Red, indicating that the Expansion Hub is powered on and com-munication has been established.Table 6-6 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Power OnDuringInstallation Power On LED State Action ImpactMain Hub power is On with no Expansion Hubs con-nected.POWER Off Check AC power; check that the Main Hub power-on switch is on; replace Main HubMain Hub is not powering on.LINK LEDs on but didn’t blink through all statesReplace the Main Hub. Microcontroller not resetting properly; flash memory corrupted.E-HUB/RAULINK Red The port is unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.Fiber sensor fault, do not use the port.E-HUB/RAU OffConnect Expansion Hub Fiber PairLINK Off Swap the uplink and downlink cables. If the port LEDs do not illu-minate, check the fiber uplink for excessive optical loss.Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the second port’s LEDs do not illu-minate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub.The Main Hub does not sense the presence of the Expansion Hub.If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.E-HUB/RAU OffLINK Red If the Expansion Hub DL STATUS LED is red, check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss.Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the second port’s LEDs do not illu-minate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub.The Expansion Hub does not sense the presence of the Main Hub.If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.E-HUB/RAU Off
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-25620003-0PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During InstallationConfiguring the Unison SystemThe system will not work until a band has been set and a system test is performed.• The AdminManager software must be running on a PC/laptop that is connected to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector.1. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) mode radio button and click RUN.The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed.Refer to Section 7.2 on page 7-12 for a description of the Installation wizard.2. Confirm that all system devices are displayed in the System Status box and click NEXT.The Step 2, Set Operation Band window is displayed.3. Select the desired frequency band and click APPLY.4. Click NEXT if the message displayed indicates a successful band setting.The Step 3, Configure System Parameters window is displayed.5. Enter the desired parameters and click APPLY.6. Click NEXT if the message displayed indicates a successful parameter setting.The Step 4, Final System Test window is displayed.7. Click APPLY to initiate the final system test.During testing the system is off-line and a center band tone is being transmitted.8. Click NEXT if the message displayed indicates a successful test.The Finish window is displayed.9. Click FINISH.The AdminManager session is ended and the window is closed.NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-26 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top AntennaWARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 8.1 on page 8-3 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenua-tion is required.Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top AntennaIt is recommended that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub.1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna.2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.6. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 1connector.7. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2connector.8. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub.Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU.9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3connector.10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-nector on the Main Hub.Roof-topAntennaGroundedSurge Suppressor RepeaterN-male to N-maleCoaxial CablesN-male to N-maleCoaxial CableN-male to N-maleCoaxial Cable Circulator Attenuator (optional)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-27620003-0PRELIMINARY Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top AntennaConnecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base StationConnecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on the base station.2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub.3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on the base station.4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-nector on the Main Hub.Figure 6-1 Simplex Base Station to a Main HubN-male to N-maleCoaxial CableBase StationSimplex T1/E1 toMobileSwitchingCenterInsert attenuator, if needed
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main Hub.You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 8.6.1 on page 8-48 for more information.1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station.2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator.3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub.4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the circulator.5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main Hub.6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the circulator.Figure 6-2 Duplex Base Station to a Main HubN-male to N-maleCoaxial CableBase StationDuplex T1/E1 toMobileSwitchingCenterInsert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-maleCoaxial CableCirculator
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-29620003-0PRELIMINARY Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top AntennaConnecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base StationsYou can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base sta-tions, as shown in the following figure.Figure 6-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base StationsN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CablesN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Stationbetween Combiner/Splitter andN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cablesbetween Combiner/Splitter andMain Hub’s Uplink Port Main Hub’s Downlink Port2 x 1 PowerCombiner/Splitter 2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterBTS 1UL DLBTS 2UL DLInsert attenuators, if needed
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-30 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main HubsYou can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power com-biner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF carriers the system transports.The following figure shows connecting two Main Hubs to a simplex repeater or base station. Connecting two Main Hubs increases the total number of supportable RAUs from 32 to 64. Two Main Hubs support up to 8 Expansion Hubs which in turn support up to 64 RAUs.Figure 6-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base StationN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CablesN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Station2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Stationbetween Combiner/Splitter and N-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cablesbetween Combiner/Splitter andMain Hub’s Downlink PortMain Hub’s Uplink Port2 x 1 PowerCombiner/Splitter
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-31620003-0PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main HubsTo connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, you need to use one circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in the following figure.Figure 6-5 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CableN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cables2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CableCirculatorN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Stationbetween Combiner/Splitter and N-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cablesbetween Combiner/Splitter andMain Hub’s Downlink PortMain Hub’s Uplink PortInsert attenuator, if needed
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-32 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base StationYou will need the following:• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each power combiner/splitter and the base station• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables between each power combiner/splitter and each Main HubFigure 6-4 on page 6-30 illustrates this procedure.1. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the repeater or base station using N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables:a. From the first power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base stationb. From the second power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station2. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the Main Hubs:a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterb. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitterc. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterd. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitter3. Check Main Hub LEDs.After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly.NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-33620003-0PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main HubsConnecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base StationYou will need the following:• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables to connect each Main Hub to the power combiner/splitters• 1 circulator• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each circulator and the repeater or base station• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable1 between each circulator and power combiner/splitterFigure 6-5 on page 6-31 illustrates this procedure.1. Connect the Circulator to the power combiner/splitters and to the repeater or base station using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable.2. Connect each power combiner/splitter to the circulator using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable.3. Connect the power combiner/splitter to the Main Hubs:a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterb. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitterc. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterd. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitter4. Check Main Hub LEDs.After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly.NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison SystemJohn Boyd: NO and NC contact sense infoAlarm Source introAlarm Sense intro
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-35620003-0PRELIMINARY Alarm Source6.7.1 Alarm SourceUnison is always an alarm source, no matter what type of equiment you are connect-ing to.Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor UnisonWhen you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the fol-lowing figure.Figure 6-6 Connecting MetroReach to UnisonUnison Main HubRF OUTDOWNLINK RF INUPLINKFIBERUPLINKDOWNLINKALARMRS-232CMetroReachFocusRFM5-Port Cable: 300117-0AlarmSenseAlarmSourceAlarmSource
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Using a Base Station to Monitor UnisonWhen you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure.Figure 6-7 Connecting a BTS to UnisonUnison Main Hub5-Port Cable: 300117-0AlarmSenseAlarmSourceAlarmSourceBTS
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-37620003-0PRELIMINARY Alarm SourceDaisy-Chained Alarm Source CableThe daisy-chained alarm cable (PN 300117-0) that is used in these configurations is shown in Figure 6-8.Figure 6-8 Daisy-Chained Alarm Source Cable1 meter (3 feet)Pins 7 and 9J2LGCell, MetroReach Focus,or Unison AlarmDB-9 female PortPin 7Pin 9 XJ3Pin 7Pin 9 XJ4Pin 7Pin 9 XJ5Pin 7Pin 9 XJ6J7DB-9 malePins 7 and 9DB-9 malePins 7 and 9DB-9 malePins 7 and 9DB-9 malePins 7 and 9DB-9 malePin 7DB-9 femaleJ1DB-9 male 79Pin 7Pin 7Option 1: Connect 5 units to cable using J2 through J6; J7 is unused.OROption 2: Connect four units to first cable using J2 through J5, connect J6 to an additional 300117-0 cable’s J1 connector; J7 is unused.OROption 3: Connect less than four units to cable and terminate the circuit by con-necting the J7 connector into the lowest numbered unused male connector.Pin 9LGCell, MetroReach Focus,or Unison AlarmDB-9 female PortLGCell, MetroReach Focus,or Unison AlarmDB-9 female PortLGCell, MetroReach Focus,or Unison AlarmDB-9 female Portto Unison,Base Station,or MetroReachFocus(use male-to-maleadapter, included withcable, when connectingto Unison or MetroReach)
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-38 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06.7.2 Alarm SenseUse the AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when con-necting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs.Using Unison to Monitor LGCellsWhen you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in the following figure.Figure 6-9 Connecting LGCell to UnisonUp to 5 LGCell Main HubsUnison Main Hub5-Port Cable: 300117-0AlarmSense AlarmSourceAlarmSourceJohn: How do I show the adaptor in this drawing?
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-39620003-0PRELIMINARY Alarm SenseAlarm Sense Cable AdaptorFigure 6-10 shows the alarm sense cable adaptor (PN XXXXXX-0) that is used with the daisy-chained alarm source cable in this configuration.Figure 6-10 Alarm Sense Adaptor
Installing Unison Components PRELIMINARY6-40 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 7-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 7 Installing and Using the AdminManager SoftwareThe AdminManager software is used to install, configure, and maintain the Unison system from a PC or laptop that you connect directly to a Main Hub’s front panel serial port.You can use the AdminManager to remotely view system status by connecting a PC or laptop to the Unison system via a dialup modem.Figure 7-1 PC Connected to Main Hub
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.1 Installing the AdminManager Software7.1.1 PC/Laptop Requirements• Operating System:• Windows 2000 Professional (recommended)• Windows 98 SE with IE 5.0• 1 Communication Port (COM1–COM4)• 133 MHz or higher Pentium-compatible CPU• 64 MB memory (Windows 2000) or 32 MB (Windows 98 SE)• At least 150 MB free disk space• VGA or higher resolution• Standard 9600 Modem•CD-ROM drive• DB-9 female-to-DB-9 female NULL modem cable
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-3620003-0PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop RequirementsInstalling AdminManagerInstall the AdminManager software on a PC/laptop that meets the requirements as described in Section 7.1.1.1. Turn on the PC/laptop and insert the AdminManager CD into the PC/laptop’s CD drive.setup.exe is automatically launched.The following pop-up window is displayed while InstallShield checks the PC’s system.The Welcome to InstallShield Wizard window is displayed.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-02. Click the NEXT button to begin the AdminManager installation.The License Agreement window is displayed.If you select the “I do not accept” radio button, the InstallShield Wizard stops and the windows close.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-5620003-0PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements3. Read the agreement and select the “I accept” radio button, and then click the NEXT button.The Customer Information window is displayed.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-04. Enter a User Name and Organization in the text boxes, and then click the NEXT button.The Destination Folder window is displayed
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-7620003-0PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements5. Click the NEXT button to accept the default destination.The Ready to Install the Program window is displayed.NOTE: To change information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window, click the BACK button and make changes in previous windows.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06. Click the INSTALL button if the information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window is correct.The Installing AdminManager window is displayed.PDF files are used for Help. If the InstallShield Wizard detects that the PC does not have software for viewing PDF files, the following pop-up is displayed.• Click CONTINUE to install Acrobat Reader from the CD onto your PC.• Click QUIT to skip the installation of Acrobat Reader.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-9620003-0PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop RequirementsWhen the installation is finished, the InstallShield Wizard Completed window is displayed.7. Click the FINISH button to end the InstallShield Wizard session and close the win-dow.An AdminManager shortcut is added to your PC’s Start menu and an icon is added to your desktop.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Starting AdminManager1. Using the NULL modem cable, connect the PC/laptop to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector.2. Turn on the power to the Main Hub, if it is not already on.3. Double-click the AdminManager icon to start the software.Alternately, you can click the Start button that is on the PC’s taskbar, click Pro-grams, click AdminManager, and then click the AdminManager application.The following window is displayed when AdminManager starts.Figure 7-2 AdminManager Start WindowYou can display the AdminManager User Guide at any time while the software is running by pressing the F1 key.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-11620003-0PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop RequirementsAdminManager Operation ModesYou can choose one of four operation modes from the AdminManager Start window.• Section 7.2 Installation Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12Select this option when you are installing a system or a Main Hub for the first time.• Section 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24• Section 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28Select this option when you want to perform specific tasks, such as perform the system test and set system parameters, or check the status of an operating sys-tem. All options are available when you are connected locally.• Section 7.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely . . . . . . . 7-33The Configuration Panel is displayed in a read-only state. When you are con-nected remotely there are a limited number of options available. The options let you check the status of the system and determine if a site visit is required. (This is the only operation mode you can choose when you are connected remotely.)• Section 7.4 Upgrading Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37Select this option when you are upgrading a component’s firmware.Buttons• SettingsClicking the SETTINGS button displays the Application Setting dialog box in which you enter the communications port number that the modem will connect to for remote monitoring and that the PC will use for connecting directly to a Main Hub•RunDepending on the operation option that you selected, clicking the RUN button dis-plays the Step 1 panel of the Installation Wizard, the Configuration & Maintenance window, or the Firmware Update window.•QuitClicking the QUIT button stops the AdminManager and closes the panel.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.2 Installation WizardUse the Installation Wizard when you are installing a new system or a new Main Hub to a system. Installation consists of four steps; each one is displayed in a separate panel of the Wizard.• Section 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13• Section 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15• Section 7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19• Section 7.2.4 Step 4: Final System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-13620003-0PRELIMINARY Step 1: Verify Hardware7.2.1 Step 1: Verify HardwareDuring this step, the AdminManager software is in a listening mode. The Main Hub detects downstream units (Expansion Hubs and RAUs) and automatically reports the system configuration, which AdminManager displays as a configuration tree in the System Status pane of the Step 1 panel.Figure 7-3 Step 1: Verify Hardware PanelVerify Hardware Configuration1. Enter a system label (up to 8 characters) in the System Label text box.This label is assigned to the Main Hub and appears in the System Status tree.2. Click the NEXT button when the configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane.The Main Hub automatically reports any change in system status to the Admin-Manager, which automatically updates the System Status tree.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.2.1.1 Description of Step 1 PanelPanes• System StatusA hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree.•MessagesStatus and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.Command Buttons•HelpClicking the HELP button displays the Unison Hardware Troubleshooting Guide.•RefreshClicking the REFRESH button issues a query status command to the Main Hub and the System Status tree is updated. Also, any disconnect status is cleared. While the Main Hub does report system status to the AdminManager automatically, you can use this button to force an update if communications fail or if there has been a sta-tus change that is not showing in the System Status tree.•NextClicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Step 2 panel.•CancelClicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-Manager Start window (Figure 7-2).
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-15620003-0PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation BandThe Main and Expansion Hubs are manufactured and shipped without a band of opera-tion programmed into them. The RAUs, on the other hand, are manufactured to a spe-cific band or set of bands. In order for the system to perform, you must program the Main and Expansion Hubs to the band that the downstream RAUs are intended for.Figure 7-4 Step 2: Set Operation Band
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Set Operation Band1. Select a band from the Select Band drop-down list box.2. Click the APPLY button.3. Click the NEXT button if:a. The configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane.b. There are no error messages in the Messages pane.If a band setting error message is displayed, you can:1. Disconnect the unit from the system.2. Click the BACK button to return to Step 1.3. Click the REFRESH button to clear the disconnected unit.4. Click the NEXT button to continue to Step 2.NOTE: “Band not initialized” faults can only be cleared by performing Step 2. The Configuration & Maintenance panel does not provide a way to clear these faults.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-17620003-0PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band7.2.2.1 Description of Step 2 PanelPanes• System StatusA hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-tus tree.• MessagesStatus and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.Drop-Down List Box• Select BandChoose from:UnisonBandRF PassbandDownlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)Cellular 869–894 824–849DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785DCS3 1840–1875 1745–1780EGSM 925–960 880–915GSM 935–960 890–915iDEN 851–869 806–824PCS A&D 1930–1950 1850–1870PCS B&E 1945–1965 1865–1885PCS D&B 1950–1970 1870–1890PCS E&F 1965–1975 1885–1895PCS F&C 1970–1990 1890–1910UMTS 1 2110–2145 1920–1955UMTS 2 2125–2160 1935–1970UMTS 3 2135–2170 1945–1980
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Command Buttons• ApplyClicking the APPLY button issues the set band command to the Main Hub and all downstream components.In order for the system to complete the band configuration, the factory-set band of all the attached RAUs must match the band command issued by the AdminMan-ager software. If the band command matches the RAU’s, then the system band is set. If the band command does not match, the command is rejected and a “Set band error” message for that RAU is displayed.•BackClicking the BACK button returns AdminManager to the Step 1 panel.•NextClicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Step 3 panel. This button is selectable only when the APPLY function is successful.•CancelClicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-Manager Start window (Figure 7-2).
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-19620003-0PRELIMINARY Step 3: Configure System Parameters7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System ParametersFrom this panel, you can set uplink and downlink system gain from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. By default, the UL and DL System Gain is set at 15 dB. Current hardware settings are shown in the text boxes when the panel is first displayed. Figure 7-5 shows the display after the UL System Gain was changed to 11 dB.Figure 7-5 Step 3: Configure System ParametersConfigure System ParametersIf you want to keep the values as they are initially displayed, click the NEXT button.If you want to change the values:1. Enter a value in the UL System Gain text box, if desired.2. Enter a value in the DL System Gain text box, if desired.3. Click the APPLY button when you are ready.4. Click the NEXT button if:a. The configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane.b. There are no error messages in the Messages pane.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-20 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.2.3.1 Description of Step 3 PanelPanes• System StatusA hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-tus tree.•MessagesStatus and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.Text Boxes•UL System Gain and DL System GainBoth the uplink and the downlink system gain can be adjusted from 15 dB to 0 dB in 1 dB increments using these text boxes.Command Buttons• ApplyClicking the APPLY button sets the selected value.•BackClicking the BACK button returns AdminManager to the Step 2 panel.•NextClicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Step 4 panel.•CancelClicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-Manager Start window (Figure 7-2).
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-21620003-0PRELIMINARY Step 4: Final System Test7.2.4 Step 4: Final System TestThis step performs an end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length estimation and system gain refinement. Any disconnect status is cleared and all fault logs are cleared.Figure 7-6 Step 4: Final System TestPerform Final System Test1. Click the APPLY button if the configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane.2. Click the NEXT button when a successful test message is displayed in the Mes-sages pane.You can use the BACK button to return to previous steps and make changes if an error is displayed in the Messages pane.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-22 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.2.4.1 Description of Step 4 PanelPanes• System StatusA hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-tus tree.•MessagesStatus and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.Command Buttons• ApplyClicking the APPLY button starts the final system test.•BackClicking the BACK button returns AdminManager to the Step 3 panel.•NextClicking the NEXT button displays the Installation Wizard Finish panel. This button is selectable only when the APPLY function is successful.•CancelClicking the CANCEL button quits the Installation Wizard and displays the Admin-Manager Start window (Figure 7-2).
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-23620003-0PRELIMINARY Finish Panel7.2.5 Finish PanelThe Finish panel is displayed when the final system test is successfully completed.Figure 7-7 Finish Panel1. Click the FINISH button.A Save As dialog box is displayed.2. Specify a file name and where to save the configuration file.The information that is stored in the configuration file is required for the As-Built Documentation.7.2.5.1 Description of Finish PanelCommand Button• FinishClicking the FINISH button displays a Save As dialog box for saving the configura-tion file and then quits the session.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-24 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.3 Configuration & Maintenance PanelThe Configuration & Maintenance Panel is used after the initial installation of a sys-tem. From this panel you can check status of the system, get current errors and warn-ings, get information about a particular unit in the system, set system parameters, and perform a system test, for example.Figure 7-8 Configuration & Maintenance Window
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-25620003-0PRELIMINARY Window Description7.3.1 Window DescriptionPanes• System StatusA hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-tus pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Sta-tus tree.• MessagesStatus and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane.Drop-Down List BoxTable 7-1 Configuration and Maintenance Window OptionsConnectionOptionLocal RemoteAdvanced RAU SettingsClear All Disconnect StatusCommand Unit In-ServiceCommand Unit Out-of-ServiceGet Current ErrorsGet Current WarningsGet System ParametersGet Unit InfoRefresh System StatusSet Callback NumberSet Contact Sense PropertiesSet System ParametersSystem Test
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-26 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Command Buttons• ExecuteClicking the EXECUTE button starts the command that is selected in the Command list box.•Save ConfigClicking the SAVE CONFIG button displays the Save Configuration Notes dialog box. Any additional information that you type into the text box is saved at the top of the configuration file.After you click OK in this dialog box, the Save As dialog box is displayed, in which you specify the name of the file and where to save the configuration file. Following is an example configuration file that includes notes:Begin Notes *******************************************LGC HQ05/23/01 MH configuration L010MH11System configurationEnd Notes *********************************************Frequency Band is DCS Low.System Gain: UL = 12 dB, DL=4dB.Callback Number is 1234567.System label is LGC.Main Hub Information:Serial Number: L010BMH1Part Number: 7405101Revision Number: 03Firmware Revision: 010526Expansion Hub LGC-1 Information:Serial Number: L010BEH9Part Number: 7405101Revision Number: 03Firmware Revision: 010513RAU LGC-1-5 Information:Serial Number: L010BRU1Part Number: 7405101Revision Number: 03Firmware Revision: 010021
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-27620003-0PRELIMINARY Window Description• Save MsgSelecting the SAVE MSG button displays the Save As dialog box in which you spec-ify the name of the file and where to save the contents of the Message text box.•ExitSelecting the EXIT button quits the session and displays the AdminManager Start window (Figure 7-2).
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.3.2 Options when Connected LocallyWhen you are locally connected to the Main Hub, you can choose the following options in addition to those listed in Section 7.3.3, “Read-Only Options when Con-nected Remotely,” on page 7-33 (also, see Table 7-1 on page 7-25).Advanced RAU Settings• Set uplink and downlink 10 dB attenuation for an individual RAURefer to “Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting” on page 7-29 for a description of this setting.• Select a UL ALC setting for an individual RAURefer to “Using the Uplink ALC Setting” on page 7-30 for a description of this setting.1. Enter the Expansion Hub number and the RAU number in the text boxes on the RAU Selection dialog box and click OK.The Advanced RAU Settings dialog box is displayed.”In the Advanced RAU Settings example shown below, Demo-1-1 indicates that RAU number 1 that is connected to Expansion Hub number 1 in the “Demo” Main Hub sys-tem is selected.2. Select the Uplink and Downlink check box to enable the 10 dB attenuation setting.3. Select a radio button from the UL ALC Set-ting list.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-29620003-0PRELIMINARY Options when Connected LocallyUsing the 10 dB Attenuation SettingBy selecting the Uplink and Downlink checkbox in the Advanced RAU Settings dia-log box, the uplink and downlink signals in the individual RAU, which you specified in the RAU Selection dialog box, are both reduced by 10 dB. One reason you may want to use this setting is to reduce the RAU’s output power when an RAU is located near an exterior wall of a building and its RF signal is going beyond the wall to the outside of the building, where it can negatively affect the outdoor macro system.The following table shows some examples of how the 10 dB attenuation setting affects coverage distance. These examples assume a 0 dB gain system, a 3 dBi gain antenna, and the difference between a –85 dB and a –75 dB design.You can use the following formula to calculate the reduction in distance covered.•dorig = original distance•dnew = new distance with 10 dB attenuation enabled• PLS = path loss slope [dB]dnew = (10–10/PLS)dorigExamples:dnew = 0.31 dorig for PLS = 20 dB (free space)dnew = 0.46 dorig for PLS = 30 dBFrequency Environment Reduction in Coverage Distance800 MHz Open, like a parking garage 24 meters (80 feet)800 MHz Heavily walled, like a Hospital 12.5 meters (41 feet)1900 MHz Open, like a parking garage 24 meters (80 feet)1900 MHz Heavily walled, like a Hospital 9 meters (30 feet)
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-30 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Using the Uplink ALC SettingUplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides auto-matic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented. Two settings are available to optimize UL ALC performance:•Single Operator and Protocol: Use when only one operator and protocol is on-the-air within the Unison system’s configured and adjacent frequency bands.•Multiple Operators and/or Protocols: Use when more than one operator and/or protocol is present in the Unison system’s frequency and adjacent frequency bands.The following table shows the frequency bands that are adjacent to the bands that the system is configured for.Table 7-2 Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured BandsSystem Configuration Adjacent BandsiDEN CellularCellular iDENPCS AD PCS BPCS DB PCS A, PCS EPCS BE PCS D, PCS FPCS EF PCS B, PCS CPCS FC PCS EGSM –EGSM –DCS 1 DCS 2DCS 2 DCS 1, DCS 3DCS 3 –UMTS 1 UMTS 2, UMTS 3UMTS 2 UMTS 1, UMTS 3UMTS 3 UMTS 1, UMTS 2
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-31620003-0PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally•Clear All Disconnect Status: clears a port disconnect fault when an Expansion Hub or an RAU is disconnected and will not be re-connected.•Command Unit In-Service: returns a unit to service that was previously removed from service; restores a component to the system’s alarm monitoring; displays the unit lock, unit not system tested, or normal operation icon.•Command Unit Out-of-Service: removes a unit, and all of its downstream units, from service, there is no RF transmission; lets you temporarily remove a compo-nent from the system’s alarm monitoring; displays unit “lock” icon.•Set Callback Number: displays a dialog box in which you enter the phone num-ber that the system uses to communicate with OpsConsole users. You can use up to 64 characters: 0 through 9, and the comma (,) for a pause. Leave the field blank if you do not want the unit to call out. Refer to your modem documentation for other characters that you can use. To disable callback, leave the text box empty.•Set Contact Sense Properties: enables/disables the external sensing of either nor-mally open or normally closed contact closures; displays “contact sense alarm” or “contact sense okay” icon.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-32 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0•Set System Parameters: displays a dialog box from which you select uplink and downlink gain settings, and/or specify a system label.•System Test: An end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length esti-mation and system gain refinement is performed during the system test. System operation is suspended while the test is being performed.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-33620003-0PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely7.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely You can only choose read-only options and view system status when you are remotely connected to the Main Hub. You cannot set parameters or change system configuration remotely. (See Table 7-1 on page 7-25.)•Get Current Errors: displays the highest priority error with a recommendations for resolving it
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0•Get Current Warnings: displays the highest priority warning with a recommen-dations for resolving it•Get System Parameters: displays the frequency band, callback number, uplink and downlink system gain, and system label
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-35620003-0PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely•Get Unit Info: displays the Options dialog box in which you select a unit.Select a unit and click the OK button to display that unit’s serial number, part num-ber, revision number and firmware version. Additionally, the advanced settings for the RAU are displayed when RAU information is requested.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0•Refresh System Status: requests system status and updates the System Status tree
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-37620003-0PRELIMINARY Upgrading Firmware7.4 Upgrading FirmwareThe firmware update program automatically detects which unit the firmware is intended for and displays the firmware ID and version number in the Firmware Update window, as shown in the following figure.Figure 7-9 Firmware Update WindowUpdating Firmware1. Copy the firmware program to the PC.2. Start AdminManager and select the Firmware Update radio button on the Start window, and then click run.An Open File dialog box is displayed.3. Choose the .m19 file you want to open from the Open File dialog box and click OPEN.The firmware ID and version number are displayed in the Firmware Update win-dow.4. Click the PROGRAM button to start the download.This button changes to CANCEL during the download, click it to stop the firmware update.5. Click the DONE button.This button is enabled when the download is completed.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY7-38 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-07.5 System Status TreeA hierarchical tree of the detected system components is displayed in the System Sta-tus pane.7.5.1 System Status Tree IconsThe following table shows the icons that may appear in the System Status tree.Table 7-3 System Status Tree IconsIcon DescriptionMain Hub normal operationMain Hub faultMain Hub lock (unit and all downstream units are out-of-service)Main Hub has not been system tested since last power onMain Hub warningExpansion Hub normal operationExpansion Hub faultExpansion Hub lock (unit and all downstream RAUs are out-of-service)Expansion Hub has not been system tested since last power onExpansion Hub warningRAU normal operationRAU faultRAU lockRAU has not been system tested since last power onRAU warningNo communicationContact sense alarmContact sense okay
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 8-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 8 Designing a Unison SolutionDesigning a Unison solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.This information is usually supplied by the service provider:• Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz)• Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)• Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, i.e., –85 dBm)The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 8.4.1 on page 8-33).• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or BDA into the Main Hub: Section 8.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 8-3.The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require-ments, and Unison’s RF performance. The power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases. 3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 8.2, “Estimating RF Cover-age,” on page 8-19.• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, etc.)
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations.• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.)• Determine type of environment– Open layout (e.g., a convention center)– Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital)– Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles)4. Develop an RF link budget: Section 8.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page 8-32.Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget which is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is pro-vided in advance, the link budget is simply: allowable RF loss = max. power per carrier – design goal.5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Section 8.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 8-19.The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris-tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the Unison equipment quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the spe-cific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a cali-brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 8.6, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 8-47.Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can deter-mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua-tors, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station.The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are discussed in the following sections.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU8.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUThe following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.Therefore, when you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s max-imum composite output power.(reference to “composite” power. PS)Refer to Section 8.7, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 8-51 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause perma-nent damage to the Main Hub.
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 800 MHz AMPS, do not exceed the maximum compos-ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.579.588.598.010 7.011 7.012 6.513 6.014 5.515 5.516 5.020 4.030 2.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 800 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum compos-ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.079.588.598.010 7.511 7.012 6.513 6.514 6.015 5.516 5.520 4.530 2.5
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)116.0213.5312.0411.0510.069.578.588.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-7620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN, do not exceed the maximum compos-ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.059.068.077.086.596.010 5.511 5.012 4.513 4.014 4.015 3.516 3.020 2.030 0.5
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.059.068.578.087.597.010 6.511 6.512 6.013 5.514 5.515 5.016 5.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-9620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum compos-ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.059.068.578.087.597.010 6.511 6.512 6.013 5.514 5.515 5.016 5.0
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos-ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-7 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.0510.069.578.587.597.010 6.511 6.012 5.513 5.014 5.015 4.516 4.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-11620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 1800 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.059.068.077.586.596.010 5.511 5.012 4.513 4.514 4.015 3.516 3.5
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maxi-mum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)114.5212.0310.549.558.568.077.086.5
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-13620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 1900 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.0510.069.078.087.096.510 6.011 5.512 5.013 5.014 4.515 4.016 4.020 3.030 1.0
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 1900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos-ite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.0510.069.578.587.597.010 6.511 6.012 5.513 5.014 5.015 4.516 4.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-15620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 1900 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)114.5212.0310.549.558.568.077.086.5
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0WARNING: For 1900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)110.0210.0310.0410.059.068.077.586.596.010 5.511 5.012 4.513 4.514 4.015 3.516 3.5
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-17620003-0PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAUWARNING: For 2.1 GHz WCDMA, do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.Table 8-14 2.1 GHz (WCDMA) Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)114.5211.038.547.056.065.074.583.5
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Allowing for Future Capacity GrowthSometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy-ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four (increase this number? PS) carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave Expansion Hub ports unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-19620003-0PRELIMINARY Estimating RF Coverage8.2 Estimating RF CoverageThe maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.Figure 8-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device(P + Lcoax + G) – RSSI = PL (1)The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calcu-lated using the path loss equations in Section 8.2.1 and in Section 8.2.2.The following table lists the coaxial cable loss for XXX size cable. Enrique: What diameter coax? (Adam)Table 8-15 Coaxial Cable LossesLength of CableLoss at 800 MHz(dB)Loss at1900 MHz(dB)0.9 m (3 ft) 0.4 0.6 1.8 m (6 ft) 0.9 1.43.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.4RAUP = power per dAntenna and Gain (G)RSSI = power at thewireless devicecarrier from the RAU
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-20 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.2.1 Path Loss EquationIndoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs(2)where:• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).•d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz.• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).• n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter”.•Χs is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.11. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.Table 8-16 Average Signal Loss of Common Building MaterialsPartition Type Loss (dB)@ <2 GHz Frequency (MHz)Metal wall 26 815Aluminum siding 20 815Foil insulation 4 815Cubicle walls 1.4 900Concrete block wall 13 1300Concrete floor 10 1300Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300Light machinery 3 1300General machinery 7 1300Heavy machinery 11 1300Equipment racks 7 1300Assembly line 6 1300Ceiling duct 5 1300Metal stairs 5 1300
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-21620003-0PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance8.2.2 Coverage DistanceEquations (1) and (2), on pages 8-19 and 8-20, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.Equation (2) can be simplified to:PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3)where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.Table 8-17 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different “clutter” (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.)For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment.Table 8-17 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building EnvironmentsFacility PLS for 800/900 MHz PLS for 1800/1900 MHzManufacturing 35 32Hospital 39.4 38.1Airport 35 32Retail 36.1 33.1Warehouse 35 32Parking Garage 33.7 30.1Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 36.1 33.1Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 37.6 34.8Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 39.4 38.1
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-22 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Table 8-18 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.Table 8-18 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)Band (MHz) Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.71800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.51800 MHz CDMA (Korea) 1750–1780 1840–1870 1810 37.61900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.12.1 GHz UMTS 1920–1980 2110–2170 2045 TBD
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-23620003-0PRELIMINARY Coverage DistanceFor reference, Tables 8-19 through 8-25 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:• Path loss Equation (3)• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output• 3 dBi antenna gain• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec-trum protocols)Table 8-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 63 205Hospital 39 129Airport 63 205Retail 55 181Warehouse 63 205Parking Garage 73 241Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 55 181Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 47 154Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 39 129Table 8-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 64 208Hospital 40 131Airport 64 208Retail 56 184Warehouse 64 208Parking Garage 75 244Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 56 184Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 48 156Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 40 131
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-24 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Table 8-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 60 197Hospital 38 125Airport 60 197Retail 53 174Warehouse 60 197Parking Garage 70 230Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 53 174Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 45 148Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 38 125Table 8-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 60 197Hospital 38 125Airport 60 197Retail 53 174Warehouse 60 197Parking Garage 70 231Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 53 174Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 45 149Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 38 125
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-25620003-0PRELIMINARY Coverage DistanceTable 8-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 58 191Hospital 30 100Airport 58 191Retail 51 167Warehouse 58 191Parking Garage 75 246Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 50 166Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 42 137Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 30 100Table 8-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 58 191Hospital 30 100Airport 58 191Retail 51 167Warehouse 58 191Parking Garage 75 247Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 51 167Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 42 138Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 30 100
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-26 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Table 8-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 56 183Hospital 29 96Airport 56 183Retail 49 160Warehouse 56 183Parking Garage 72 236Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 49 160Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 40 132Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 29 96Table 8-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetManufacturing 54 176Hospital 28 93Airport 54 176Retail 47 154Warehouse 54 176Parking Garage 69 226Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 47 154Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 39 128Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 28 93
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-27620003-0PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates8.2.3 Examples of Design EstimatesExample Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application1. Design goals:• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)• TDMA provider• 6 TDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 8-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 8-5) indicates that Unison can support 6 car-riers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 10.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3. Building information:• 8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.)• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 98.5 dB (10.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 8.4 on page 8-32.5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 8-17, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 8-21, shows that a building with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 98.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 60/62 meters (198/203 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 11,465/12,079 sq. meters (123,409/129,952 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 8.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circu-lar radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Adam and Rich provided different distance numbers. Which are correct? JW6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed.a. 1 antenna per floor × 8 floors = 8 RAUsb. 8 RAUs ÷ 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 1 Expansion Hubsc. 1 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (max 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main HubCheck that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-tances differ, use the tables in Section 8.3, “System Gain,” on page 8-31 to deter-mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-29620003-0PRELIMINARY Examples of Design EstimatesExample Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application1. Design goals:• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink fre-quency in 1900 MHz PCS band)• CDMA provider• 8 CDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 8-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 8-15) indicates that Unison can support 8 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3. Building information:• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.)• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 8.4 on page 8-32.5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 8-17, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 8-21, shows that a building with 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 50 meters (166 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,031 sq. meters (86,404 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 8.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-30 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-06. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed.a. 2 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 32 RAUsb. 32 RAUs ÷ 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubsc. 4 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (max 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main HubCheck that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-tances differ, use the tables in Section 8.3, “System Gain,” on page 8-31 to deter-mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-31620003-0PRELIMINARY System Gain8.3 System GainThe system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gain of any RAU can be decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.8.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable LengthThe recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recom-mended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). If the ScTP cable is less than 10 meters (33 ft), system performance may not meet specifications. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 8-27.I need 2.1 GHz figures for this table. JWTable 8-27 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable LengthScTP Cable LengthTypical change in system gain (dB)Downlink Uplink800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8150 m / 492 ft –9.7 7.61800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7120 m / 394 ft –4.0 –2.4130 m / 426 ft –6.4 –4.1140 m / 459 ft –8.8 –5.8150 m / 492 ft –11.3 –7.62.1 GHz UMTS110 m / 361 ft120 m / 394 ft130 m / 426 ft140 m / 459 ft150 m / 492 ft
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-32 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.4 Link Budget AnalysisA link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 8.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-33620003-0PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards8.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband StandardsThe link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 8.2.1.Table 8-28 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.Table 8-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband SystemsConsideration DescriptionBTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station outputAttenuation between BTS and UnisonThis includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 8.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure, the system noise figure will be approximately that of Unison alone. See Section 8.6 for ways to inde-pendently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.Unison Gain This is the system gain (see Table 8-26 on page 8-29)Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).Unison Noise Figure This is Unison’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and RAUs, and the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power com-bined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’s RAU ports are not used.
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Thermal Noise This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.Mobile Transmit PowerThe maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting).Multipath Fade MarginThis margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif-fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys this margin will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.Log-normal Fade MarginThis margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, this shadowing will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.Minimum Received Signal LevelThis is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.Table 8-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)Consideration DescriptionProtocol Signal Bandwidth Thermal NoiseTDMA 30 kHz –129 dBmCDMA 1.25 MHz –113 dBm spread-spectrum, remove? PSGSM 200 kHz –121 dBmiDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-35620003-0PRELIMINARY Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application8.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell ApplicationNarrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink• c = a + b• f = c + d + e• j = g + h + i• n = k + l + m• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz•p = f – j – nLine DownlinkTransmittera. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 33b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –23c. Power into Unison (dBm) 10d. Unison gain (dB) 0e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13Airlinkg. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6h. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB)10i. Body loss (dB) 3j. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19Receiverk. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129l. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7m. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12n. Minimum received signal (dBm) –110p. Maximum path loss (dB) 104Adam,Any WCDMA issues?(PS)
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula• i = f + e + g – h• m = j + k + l• p = n – m – iLine UplinkReceivera. BTS noise figure (dB) 4b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10c. Unison gain (dB) 0d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 22e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129g. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) –97.4Airlinkj. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6k. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB)10l. Body loss (dB) 3m. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19Transmittern. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28p. Maximum path loss (dB) 106.4Fsys = F1 + + + ....F2 – 1G1F3 – 1G1G2whereF = 10(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)(Noise Figure/10)G = 10(Gain/10)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-37620003-0PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards8.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA StandardsA CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively). Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is –95 dBm, which results in about –85 dBm composite as shown below.An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. An example is given in the following table.This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync chan-nels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives 3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain).An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-hand-off to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation isPTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95)Table 8-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA SignalChannel Walsh Code Number Relative Power LevelPilot 0 20% –7.0 dBSync 32 5% –13.3 dBPrimary Paging 1 19% –7.3 dBTraffic 8–31, 33–63 9% (per traffic channel) –10.3 dB
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-38 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008)where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile.The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 8-30 on page 8-38). The differ-ence between these power levels, ∆P, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-ated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:∆P = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular)∆P = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS)It’s a good idea to keep –12 dB < ∆P < 12 dB.Table 8-30 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems.Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA SystemsConsideration DescriptionMultipath Fade MarginThe multipath fade margin can be reduced (by at least 3 dB) by using different lengths of optical fiber (this is called “delay diversity”). The delay over fiber is approximately 5µS/km. If the difference in fiber lengths to Expansion Hubs with overlapping coverage areas produces at least 1 chip (0.8µS) delay of one path relative to the other, then the multipaths’ signals can be resolved and processed independently by the base station’s rake receiver. A CDMA signal traveling through 163 meters of MMF cable will be delayed by approximately one chip. Power per car-rier, downlinkThis depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal will be about 7 dB lower if only the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (rep-resenting how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total power are used.The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to deter-mine how hard the Unison system is being driven.The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)= voice channel power + 10 dBInformation Rate This is simply 10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 110log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information rate.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-39620003-0PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA StandardsOther CDMA Issues• Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same fre-quency) into a Unison system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with each other.• Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is impor-tant because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to a single mobile phone.Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of sig-nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment. For example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components. However, if artificial delay can be introduced by, for instance, using different lengths of cable, then the required Eb/No will be lower and the multipath fade margin in the link budget can be reduced in some cases.If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band – PG= NF + Eb/No – 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) – PGNoise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Unison system, but also by the number of mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular mobile’s signal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit. Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 – loading))where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users.Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum, then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted.Hand-off Gain CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff.Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Consideration Description
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-40 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell ApplicationSpread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: DownlinkLine DownlinkTransmittera. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0b. Voice activity factor 50%c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.0j. Composite radiated power (dBm) 19.0Airlinkk. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0l. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0m. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB)10.0n. Additional loss (dB) 0.0o. Body loss (dB) 3.0p. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0Receiverq. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7.0r. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0s. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –167.0t. Information ratio (dB/Hz) 41.6u. Required Eb/(No+lo)7.0v. Receive Sensitivity (dBm) –118.4w. Minimum received signal (dBm) –99.4x. Maximum path loss (dB) –99.4y. Difference between open- and closed-loop transmitter power (dB) –2.0Adam, you said to move “y” to the next page, butdidn’t tell me where to move it to. Julie
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-41620003-0PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application• b and c: see notes in Table 8-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink• e = a + d•f = c + d• i = e + g + h• j = f + g + h• p = –k + l + m + n + o• s = q + r• v = s + t + u• w = p + v•x = j – w• y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + PwhereP = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular–76 dB for PCS
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-42 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: UplinkLine UplinkReceivera. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –30.0c. Unison gain (dB) 0.0d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) 6.0h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –134.6i. Information rate (dB/Hz) 41.6j. Required Eb/(No+lo)5.0k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0m. Minimum received signal (dBm) –91.1Airlinkn. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0o. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90% (dB)10.0p. Additional loss (dB) 0.0q. Body loss (dB) 3.0r. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0Transmitters. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28.0t. Maximum path loss (dB) 100.1
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-43620003-0PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula• h = e + f + g• m = h + i + j –k – l• r = n + o + p + q• t = s – r – mFsys = F1 + + + ....F2 – 1G1F3 – 1G1G2whereF = 10(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)(Noise Figure/10)G = 10(Gain/10)
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-44 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) SystemsThe Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of the Unison are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).• Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the outdoor network.• Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out the A, A’ and A” bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base stations.Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless’ application notes for re-radiation applications.Rich, are we supporting re-rad applications? (PS)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-45620003-0PRELIMINARY Optical Power Budget8.5 Optical Power BudgetRich is updating this section for Unison.Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as ele-ments of the Optical Power Budget. The reason is that when the Optical Power Bud-get is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place.The Main Hub/Expansion Hub link uses one fiber strand and its Optical Power Budget is:• Uplink: 5.5 dB @ 1550 nm• Downlink: 7 dB @ 1310 nmThe following figure shows what is to be included when calculating Optical Power Budget losses.Figure 1 Losses to be Included in Optical Power BudgetMainHub ExpansionHubMated SC/APC ConnectorsTo be included in Optical Power BudgetMH EHEquipment RoomOSP POEEquipment RoomISP Cable ISP CableOSP CableSMF JumperFDP SC/APC Bulk HeadFusion SpliceOSP POEOSP = Outside PlantISP = Inside PlantPOE = Point of Entry
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-46 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0The following table lists the typical losses from the configuration shown in Figure 1.NOTE: Where known losses are less than 1.7 dB (1310 or 1550), the potential reach will exceed 15 km. For CDMA, care must be taken to ensure that the fiber-induced latencies do not conflict with the Operator’s PN offset plan.Description Downlink(1310 nm) LossSubtotal Uplink(1550 nm) LossSubtotal SourceOptical Power Budget (dB) 7 5.5 LGC WirelessInside Plant Cable Loss (dB/km) 0.5 0.5 OCC/CommScopeCable Length (km)aa. This length will vary for each individual building.1.2 0.6 1.2 0.6SMF Jumper Loss (approx. dB/km)bb. It is assumed that the SMF jumpers are less than a meter and therefore their loss is negligible.1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0SC/APC Insertion Loss (dB): 4 used 0.25 1.0 0.25 1.0 SiecorFusion Splice Loss (dB): 6 used 0.05 0.3 0.05 0.3 Alcoa FujikuraLosses (dB) 1.9 1.9Available budget for OSP (dB)(Optical Power Budget – Known Losses) 5.1 3.6Outside Plant Cable Loss (dB/km) 0.35 0.25 CommScopeOptical Power Budget– Known Losses÷ Outside Plant Cable Loss= Potential Fiber Length (km)cc. Actual fiber length may vary due to the quantity and quality of fiber splices in the OSP network.7– 5.1÷ 0.3514.575.5– 3.6÷ 0.2514.40
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-47620003-0PRELIMINARY Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station8.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base StationThe first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub. For example, two Main Hubs will require a 2×1 combiner/divider; four Main Hubs will require a 4×1 com-biner/divider; and so on.Figure 8-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base StationWhen connecting a Unison Main Hub to a base station, also consider the following:1. The downlink power from the base station must be attenuated enough so that the power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed in Section 8.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 8-3.2. The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall system is limited by Unison, not by the attenuator. However, some base stations will trigger alarms if the noise or signal levels are too high. In this case the attenu-ation will have to be large enough to prevent this from happening.If, in an area covered by Unison, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between Unison and the base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possible that if the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good coverage, but the uplink coverage distance will be small.When there is an excessive amount of loss between the Main Hub uplink and the base station, the uplink system gain can be increased to as much as 15 dB to prevent a reduction in the overall system sensitivity.Base Station2 × 1 combiner/dividerDownlink/ForwardMain Hub 1Main Hub 2Uplink/Reverse
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-48 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.6.1 AttenuationFigure 8-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to reg-ulate the power appropriately.Figure 8-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater ConnectionsDuplexBase Station Main HubForwardReverseA3A1A2• A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm. If you drive the circulator too hard it will produce intermods that are bigger than the intermods produced by Unison. The IP3 at the Forward port input of the Main Hub is approximately +38 dBm. The IP3 of the circulator at that same point (i.e., following attenuator A1) is +70dBm – A1. Thus, to keep the system IP3 from being adversely affected by the circulator, attenuator A1 should be no more than approxi-mately +30 dB.• A filter diplexer can be used in place of the circulator. The IP3 of the diplexer can be assumed to be greater than +100 dBm. If a diplexer is used, A3 can be omitted.• A1+A3 should be chosen so that the output power per carrier at the RAU’s output is correct for the number of carriers being transmitted. Suppose the base station transmits 36 dBm per carrier and it is desired that the RAU output be 6 dBm per carrier and the forward port gain is 0 dB. Then A1+A3=30 dB.• A2+A3 should, ideally, be at least 10 dB less than the noise figure plus the gain of the Uni-son system. For example, if the reverse port has a 0 dB gain and if there are 32 RAUs, the noise figure is approximately 22 dB. So A2+A3 should be about 10 dB. If A2+A3 is too large, the uplink coverage can be severely reduced.• Given these three equations: A1 < 30 dBA1+A3 = 30 dB (in this example)A2+A3 < 10 dB (in this example)we could choose A1=20 dB, A2=0 dB, A3=10 dBorRepeater
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-49620003-0PRELIMINARY Uplink Attenuation8.6.2 Uplink AttenuationThe attenuation between the Main Hub’s reverse port and the base station does two things:1. It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison.2. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison. Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and maximum signal levels transmitted from Unison to the base station receiver low while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Unison by itself, although it can be significantly worse.For example, suppose we have a GSM Unison system consisting of one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32) with uplink NF=22 dB. (See Table 8-30 on page 8-38.) If we use 30 dB of attenuation between the Main Hub’s reverse port and the base station (which has its own noise figure of about 4 dB), the overall noise figure will be 34.3 dB (refer to the formula on page 8-36) which is 12.3 dB worse than Unison by itself. That causes a 12.3 dB reduction in the uplink coverage dis-tance. Now, if the attenuation instead is 10 dB, the cascaded noise figure is NF=22.6 dB, which implies that the uplink sensitivity is limited by Unison, a desir-able condition.Rule of ThumbA good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation, A2+A3 in Figure 8-3 on page 8-48, as follows:A2+A3 ≈ Unison uplink NF + uplink gain (0 dB for reverse port) – BTS NF – 10dBand round A2 down to the nearest convenient attenuation value.
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-50 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMAIn CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the charac-teristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as dur-ing closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths). In addi-tion, the mobile’s transmit power when it communicates with a base station through Unison should be similar to the power transmitted when it communicates with a base station in the outdoor network (during soft hand-off). Because of these consider-ations, you should not allow the downlink and uplink gains to vary widely.Open-loop power control:PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PRXwhere PTX is the power transmitted and PRX is the power received by the mobile. If PL is the path loss (in dB) between the RAU and the mobile, and PDN is the downlink power radiated by the RAU, then PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PDN + PLClosed-loop power control:PTX = noise floor + uplink NF – process gain + Eb/No + PL= –113 dBm/1.25 Mhz + NF – 19 dB + 7 dB + PLwhere Eb/No = 7 dB is a rough estimate, and NF is the cascaded noise figure of the Unison uplink, the uplink attenuation, and the base station noise figure. Equating PTX for the open-loop and closed-loop we see thatNF = 49 – PDNwhere PDN is determined by the downlink attenuation. Since PDN for Unison is about 10 dBm, we see that the cascaded noise figure is about 39 dB, which is considerably higher than that of Unison itself. This implies that we should use a fairly large attenu-ation on the uplink. This case suggests using as much attenuation on the downlink as on the uplink. The drawback of doing this is that the uplink coverage sensitivity is reduced. A link budget analysis will clarify these issues. Typically, the uplink attenu-ation between the Main Hub and the base station will be the same as, or maybe 10 dB less than, the downlink attenuation.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-51620003-0PRELIMINARY Designing for a Neutral Host System8.7 Designing for a Neutral Host SystemDesigning for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel, we find it best to design for the worst case system so that there will not be holes in the covered area and the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated Section 7.1, the 1900 MHz RF signals do not propagate throughout a building as well as the 800 MHz systems, therefore, we design to the 1900 MHz path loss formula.8.7.1 Capacity of the Unison Neutral Host SystemAs indicated in Section 2.3, “System Bandwidths,” on page 2-10, each Main Hub can support more than one sub-band of the Cellular or PCS bands. The exception to this is the iDEN Main Hub, because the SMR band is not split into sub-bands.The 800 MHz Main Hub can support both the A band and the B band simultaneously. Also, the 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Main Hubs can support two bands each (as the frequencies currently are allo-cated).For example, a neutral host system that consists of one iDEN, one 800 MHz, and two 1900 MHz systems can support up to seven sep-arate service providers:•1 on iDEN• 2 on 800 MHz, A band and B band• 2 in each 1900 MHzRich, what’s correct for Unison? JW
Designing a Unison Solution PRELIMINARY8-52 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-08.7.2 Example Unison Neutral Host SystemSimon: do you have a Unison example? This is for LGCell. I need it ASAP (Wednesday PM). Thanks, JulieThe following example configuration assumes:• 0 dBm per carrier output• Each System supports two bands, and therefore, two Operators(Exception: iDEN supports one Operator)Example Configuration:• 800 MHz iDEN: System 1l - iDEN system: 8 Channels, 23 voice calls• 800 MHz Cellular: System 2l - TDMA Band: 8 Channels, 23 voice callsl - CDMA Band: 2 Channels, 30–40 voice calls• 1900 MHz PCS: Systems 3 & 4 (2 band combinations/system)l - TDMA Band: 8 Channels, 23 voice callsl - CDMA Band: 2 Channels, 30–40 voice callsl - GSM Band: 4 Channels, 31 voice callsNumber of subscribers1 that could be served in this example:• 800 MHz Cellular: System 1l - iDEN Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribers• 800 MHz Cellular: System 2l - TDMA Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribersl - CDMA Operator: 30–40 voice calls, 438–620 subscribers• 1900 MHz PCS: Systems 3 & 4 (2 band combinations/system)l - TDMA Operator: 23 voice calls, 315 subscribersl - CDMA Operator: 30–40 voice calls, 438–620 subscribersl - GSM Operator: 31 voice calls, 456 subscribersThis configuration supports growth for up to 7 Operators.1. Based on Standard Erlang B 2% GOS requirement. Each user has a 0.05 wireless Erlang which is higher than the standard 0.035 wireless Erlang.
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 9-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 9 Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System9.1 Replacing an RAUBe aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work.The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly.Replacing an RAU1. Use AdminManager or refer to the As-Built Document to review the current RAU’s configuration.2. Disconnect the Cat-5/6 cable and antenna from the unit to be replaced.3. Install the new RAU.4. Connect the antenna and then the Cat-5/6 cable to the new RAUAdminManager Tasks• Use the Advanced RAU Settings option on the Configuration & Maintenance panel to set the RAU’s 10 dB attenuation and UL ALC settings.• When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance.During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY9-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Checking the RAU’s LEDs1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up.• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU.2. After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion Hub, and the RAU band is correct.a. If the LINK LED remains green and the ALARM LED remains red, verify that the RAU model is correct for the intended frequency band.– Disconnect the cable and then reconnect it once; doing this more than once will not change the result.b. If both LEDs still don’t change to green, use the AdminManager to determine the exact nature of the fault and see a recommendation of how to correct it.c. If both LEDs turn red (after 45 seconds), the Expansion Hub has terminated communications.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Replacing an Expansion Hub9.2 Replacing an Expansion HubReplacing an Expansion Hub1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub.2. Disconnect all Cat-5/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord.3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one.4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remember-ing to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber.5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.AdminManager Tasks• The Main Hub automatically issues the band setting.• When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance.During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted.Checking the Expansion Hub’s LEDs• The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-nected.•The UL STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be green.•The E-HUB STATUS and POWER LEDs should be green.• For each RJ-45 port that has an RAU connected:•The E-HUB/RAU LEDs should be green.•The LINK LEDs should be green.It can take several seconds for each Cat-5/6 connection for the LEDs to display properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY9-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-09.3 Replacing a Main HubYou must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit. You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation.Get System Configuration Settings1. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and the Main Hub.2. Start the AdminManager software.3. Select the Configuration & Maintenance Panel option from the introductory win-dow.4. Click the SAVE CONFIG button.The Save Configuration Notes dialog box is displayed.5. Type any notes you want to save with the configuration settings into the dialog box and click OK.The configuration settings are saved in a text file, for example:Begin Notes *******************************************LGC HQ05/23/01 MH configuration L010MH11System configurationEnd Notes *********************************************Frequency Band is DCS Low.SystemGain:UL=12dB,DL=4dB.Callback Number is 1234567.System label is LGC.Main Hub Information:Serial Number: L010BMH1Part Number: 7405101Revision Number: 03Firmware Revision: 010526Expansion Hub LGC-1 Information:Serial Number: L010BEH9Part Number: 7405101Revision Number: 03Firmware Revision: 010513RAU LGC-1-5 Information:Serial Number: L010BRU1Part Number: 7405101Revision Number: 03Firmware Revision: 010021
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Replacing a Main HubReplacing a Main Hub1. Turn off the power to the Main Hub.2. Disconnect all fiber cables and the AC power cord.3. Replace the Main Hub with a new one.4. Connect the AC power cord and all fiber cables – remembering to clean and cor-rectly connect the uplink and downlink fiber cables.5. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Main Hub’s front panel DB-9 serial connector.6. Start the AdminManager software.7. Select the Installation Wizard option from the introductory window.8. Turn on the power to the Main Hub.AdminManager Tasks• Use the Installation Wizard to:• Set the Operation Band• Use the Configuration & Maintenance panel to:• Set Callback Number• Set Contact Sense Properties• Set System Parameters• Perform System TestDuring the System Test the system is out-of-service and no RF is being trans-mitted. Choose a time of day to perform the System Test that will have the least impact on the system.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY9-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs• The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub.• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-nected.• For each fiber optic port that has a Main Hub connected:•The LINK LED should be green.•The E-HUB/RAU LED should be:– Green if the MAIN HUB STATUS is green.– Red if the MAIN HUB STATUS is red.•The MAIN HUB STATUS LED should be:• Red if the Main Hub is new from the factory and a band has not been pro-grammed, or if the wrong band is programmed.• Green if the Main Hub was previously programmed with a correct band (matches the RAUs in the system).NOTE: If there is communication between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hubs, use the AdminManager software’s Configuration & Maintenance panel to isolate sys-tem problems.
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual 10-1620003-0PRELIMINARYSECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical AssistanceThere are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.Address 2540 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California95134-1902 USAPhone 1-408-952-2400Fax 1-408-952-2410Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.come-mail service@lgcwireless.com10.1 MaintenanceNo periodic maintenance of the Unison equipment is required.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-010.2 TroubleshootingNOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.Sources of potential problems include:• Malfunction of one or more Unison components• Faulty cabling/connector• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem• External RF interfaceNOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All Cat-5/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications.It is recommended that you use the AdminManager for troubleshooting the system, and use the LEDs as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communica-tion problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not available using AdminManager.To begin troubleshooting, use the AdminManager software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Main Hub’s faults and warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finish-ing with each of the RAUs.If you do not have a PC with AdminManager available, the LEDs provide a minimal set of diagnostic information.If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended pro-cedures, call LGC Wireless customer help hot line:1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Fault Indications10.2.1 Fault IndicationsOnce all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults from each unit can be requested using the AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and work downstream.Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables.Main Hub FaultsTable 10-1 Main Hub FaultsFault Message LED State Possible Causes Action ImpactHardware failure. STATUS Red Internal hardware failure.Replace the Main Hub. System off-line.Frequency band not programmed.STATUS Red Factory default. Program the frequency band using the AdminManager’s Installation Wizard.System off-line.Main Hub is over temperature.STATUS Red Fan failure.Ambient tempera-ture is above maxi-mum.If fan is not operating, replace the Main Hub.If fan is operating, check room environmental controls.Possible unit failure.Failed to perform system test.STATUS Red Internal failure. Replace the Main Hub when possible.Degraded performance.Uplink EHn AGC failure.STATUS Red Uplink fiber has high optical loss.Main Hub uplink port failure.Measure UL optical fiber loss.Clean the Main Hub’s uplink fiber port.Move fiber pair to another port. If fault is not reported, fiber is okay and MH port is dirty or bad. Use the Admin-Manager to ‘Clear All Discon-nect Status’ to clear the disconnect fault on the origi-nal port.The Main Hub’s EHn port is off-line; down-link is okay.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0No communica-tion with EHn.LINK Red Downlink fiber has high optical loss.Expansion Hub downlink port fail-ure.Main Hub internal failure.If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub.Measure downlink optical fiber loss.Clean the Expansion Hub’s downlink fiber port.Clean the Main Hub’s down-link fiber port.Move the Main Hub fiber pair to another port. If fault is not reported, fiber is okay and the Main Hub port is dirty or bad. Use the AdminManager’s “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear the discon-nect fault on the original port.EHn and connected RAUs are off-line.E-HUB/RAU OffEHn disconnected. LINK Red The Expansion Hub was connected and is now discon-nected.The uplink fiber optical loss exceeds minimum threshold.Expansion Hub uplink laser failure.If EHn is disconnected, recon-nect it or clear the disconnect fault using the AdminMan-ager’s “Clear All Disconnect Status” command.If EHn is connected, check the uplink fiber cable’s optical loss.Clean the Main Hub’s uplink port.Clean EHn’s uplink port.Check that EHn’s uplink laser is operational.EHn and connected RAUs are off-line.E-HUB/RAU OffEHn/RAU reports fault condition.LINK Green Any EH or RAU faultUse the AdminManager to check for Expansion Hub and RAU faults. Proceed to Expansion Hub or RAU trou-bleshooting section.EHn and/or RAU off-lineE-HUB/RAU RedTable 10-1 Main Hub Faults (continued)Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-5620003-0PRELIMINARY Fault IndicationsExpansion Hub FaultsTable 10-2 Expansion Hub FaultsFault Message LED State Possible Causes Action ImpactHardware failure. STATUS Red Expansion Hub internal hardware failure.Main Hub inter-nal hardware failure. ? (JS)Downlink fiber has high optical loss.If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub.Measure downlink optical fiber loss.Clean the Expansion Hub’s downlink fiber port.Clean the Main Hub’s down-link fiber port.Replace the Expansion Hub.Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-linePLL unlock. STATUS Red Internal hardware fail-ure.Replace the Expansion Hub. Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-lineFrequency band not programmed.STATUS Red Internal hardware fail-ure.Cycle power on the Expansion Hub. If fault persists, replace the Expansion Hub.Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-lineExpansion Hub is over temperature.STATUS Red Fan failure(s).Ambient temperature above maximumIf fans are not operating, replace the Expansion Hub.If fans are operating, check room environmental controls.Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line.RAUs are com-manded off-line which disables their power amplifiers. If the Expansion Hub temperature does not start to drop, the Expansion Hub will disable DC power to all RAUs.Downlink pilot failure.STATUS Red Downlink fiber has high optical loss.MH downlink port fail-ure.EH downlink port fail-ure.MH internal hardware failure.EH internal hardware failure.If common point of failure for more than one EH, replace MH.Measure DL optical fiber loss.Clean MH downlink fiber port.Clean EH downlink fiber port.Replace EH.EH and connected RAUs are off-line.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0Failed to perform system test.STATUS Red Internal failure.Main Hub internal fail-ure. If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub.Replace the Expansion Hub when possible.Degraded perfor-mance.Uplink RAUn AGC failure.Universal or particular RAU port? (JS)LINK Red Cat-5/6 cable length.Expansion Hub uplink port failure.Expansion Hub internal failure.Check Cat-5/6 cable length.Move RAU to another port. If no fault reported, replace the Expansion Hub. If fault reported, replace RAU.Expansion Hub and con-nected RAUs are off-line.RAU OffNo communica-tion with RAUnLINK Red Cat-5/6 cable failure.RAU internal failure.Expansion Hub port failure.Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens.Move RAU to another port. If fault persists, replace RAU, else replace the Expansion Hub.RAUn is off-line.RAU OffRAUn over cur-rentLINK Green Cat-5/6 cable failure.RAU internal failure.Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens.Move RAU to another port. If fault persists, replace RAU. If no fault reported, remove RAU, power cycle the Expansion Hub, connect known good RAU to port. If fault reported, replace the Expansion Hub.RAUn is off-line.RAU RedTable 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults (continued)Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-7620003-0PRELIMINARY Fault IndicationsRemote Access Unit FaultsTable 10-3 Remote Access Unit FaultsFault Message LED State Possible Causes Action ImpactHardware fail-ure.ALARM Red Internal hardware failure. Replace the RAU. RAU is off-line.Frequency band not programmed.ALARM Red Wrong version of RAU for frequency band desired.Replace the RAU if not valid for desired frequency band.RAU is off-line.RAU is over temperature.ALARM Red Ambient temperature above maximum.Check environmental controls; move the RAU to cooler envi-ronment.RAU is off-line.Power supplied by EH is too low.ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure.RAU internal failure.Expansion Hub internal failure.Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens.Move the RAU cable to another Expansion Hub port. If fault persists, replace the RAU; oth-erwise, replace Expansion Hub.RAU is off-line.Power supplied by EH is too high.ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure.Expansion Hub internal failure.RAU internal failure.Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens.Move RAU cable to another Expansion Hub port. If fault persists, replace the RAU, oth-erwise replace the EH.RAU is off-line.Cat-5/6 cable too long.ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable is too long. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens.Verify maximum Cat-5/6 cable length of 150 meters.RAU is off-line.Downlink pilot failure.Could this also be a problem with the EH port? (JS)ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure.RAU internal failure.Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens.Verify maximum Cat-5/6 cable length of 150 meters.Verify minimum Cat-5/6 cable length of 10 meters.RAU is off-line.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-010.2.2 Warning IndicationsWarnings alert you to conditions that may impact system performance and conditions that indicate potential system failure.Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables.Main Hub WarningsTable 10-4 Main Hub WarningsWarning Message Action ImpactDownlink laser is failing. Replace the Main Hub when possible. The downlink laser will eventually fail and the system will be off-line.Temperature is high. Check room environmental controls. Potential Main Hub failure.Fan failure. Check the Main Hub fan for rotation, air flow blockage, dust; replace the Main Hub if temperature rises.Temperature may rise to fault level result-ing in Main Hub and connected Expansion Hub(s) and RAU(s) being off-line.Portn uplink fiber optical loss greater than recommended maxi-mum.Check the uplink fiber cable for optical loss.Clean the cable connector.Clean the fiber ports.Degraded system performance.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-9620003-0PRELIMINARY Warning IndicationsExpansion Hub WarningsRemote Access Unit WarningsTable 10-5 Expansion Hub WarningsWarning Message Action ImpactDownlink fiber optical loss greater than recom-mended maximum.Check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss.Clean the cable connector.Clean the fiber ports.Degraded system performance.Uplink laser is failing. Replace the Expansion Hub when possible. The uplink laser will eventually fail resulting in the Expansion Hub and connected RAUs being off-line.Temperature is high. Check room environmental controls. Potential Expansion Hub failure.Fan failure(s). Check the Expansion Hub fans for rotation, air flow blockage, dust; replace the Expan-sion Hub if temperature rises.Temperature may rise to fault level resulting in the Expansion Hub and connected RAUs being off-line.Cat-5/6 cable between EH and RAU is greater than recommended maximum.Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not exceed the recommended maximum length.Degraded system performance.Table 10-6 Remote Access Unit WarningsWarning Message Action ImpactTemperature is high. Move the RAU to cooler environment. Potential RAU failure.DC voltage is low. Check the Cat-5/6 cable for shorts and opens.Replace the RAU when possible.RAU at minimum voltage setting for proper operation. not an impact (JS)Power amplifier is fail-ing.Replace the RAU when possible. Potential RAU failure.Cat-5/6 cable between EH and RAU is greater than recommended maximum.Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not exceed the recommended maximum length.Degraded system performance.Antenna disconnected. Check the RAU SMA antenna connection. Poor RAU coverage.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-010.3 LED Troubleshooting GuideThe following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equip-ment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the current problem. (Refer to Section 6 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.)Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system. The LEDs are for backup troubleshooting; although, an Expansion Hub uplink laser failure can only be resolved using the EH UL STATUS LED.Begin with troubleshooting the Main Hub’s LEDs and then the Expansion Hub’s LEDs. The RAU LEDs probably will not provide additional information for trouble-shooting.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-11620003-0PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation10.3.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation• All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using the AdminManager software for the exact cause and recommendations.Table 10-7 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal Operation LED State Action ImpactExpansion Hub Not ConnectedLINK Red If the Expansion Hub was discon-nected accidentally, re-connect the cables. The LEDs should change to Green/Red (then Green/Green, after 20 seconds, if the Main Hub band has been programmed).If the Expansion Hub is to be removed from service permanently, then use the AdminManager’s ‘Clear All Disconnect States’ command to clear all disconnect states to no con-nect states. The Main Hub’s port LEDs should change to Off/Off.Expansion Hub was previously con-nected, but it is not currently con-nected; Expansion Hub cable disconnect.The AdminManager software will clear all disconnects caused by installation as part of the clean-up process. After installation, power cycle the Main Hub or use the AdminManager’s ‘Clear All Disconnect States’ command.E-HUB/RAU OffExpansion Hub ConnectedLINK Red Use the AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Main Hub’s faults.Lost communication with Expansion Hub; could be Expansion Hub problem or fiber cable problem.E-HUB/RAU OffLINK Green Expansion Hub or connected RAU reports a fault condition; use the AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Expansion Hub and RAU’s faults.E-HUB/RAU RedTable 10-8 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal Operation LED State Action ImpactAt Any TimeMAIN HUB STATUS Red Use the AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the fault.Power cycle one time. If fault remains, replace the Main Hub.Internal Main Hub fault.MAIN HUB STATUS Alternating Red/GreenReduce input signal power; reduce system gain.Signal compression.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-010.3.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation• All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal.•The POWER and MAIN HUB STATUS LEDs should both be Green.Table 10-9 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal Operation Port LEDs State Action ImpactRAU is not connectedLINK Red If the RAU was disconnected acci-dentally, re-connect the Cat-5/6 cable. The Expansion Hub’s port LEDs should change to Green/Red (then Green/Green, after 20 sec-onds, if the Main Hub is connected, powered on, and has band pro-grammed).If you are removing the RAU from service permanently, then com-mand ‘Clear All Disconnect States’ using the AdminManager soft-ware. The Expansion Hub’s port LEDs should change to Off/Off.RAU was previously connected, but it is not currently connected; RAU cable is disconnected.RAU OffRAU is connectedLINK Red Disconnect/reconnect the Cat-5/6 cable to force power-on reset to the RAU. If the port LEDs remain Red/Off, check the Expansion Hub faults using the AdminManager for the exact cause.Lost communications with the RAU. The RAU could have powered down due to over current; cable could have been dam-aged.RAU OffLINK Green RAU reports a fault condition; check the Expansion Hub faults using the AdminManager for the exact cause.Depends on the fault condition.RAU Red
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-13620003-0PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal OperationTable 10-10 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal Operation EH StatusLEDs State Action ImpactAt Any Time(JS)UL STATUS Red Replace the Expansion Hub Uplink laser failure; no communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion HubDL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for opti-cal lossNo communications with the Main HubE-HUB STATUS Red If either the UL STATUS or the DL STATUS are also red, see above.Cycle power on the Expansion Hub. If fault remains, replace the Expansion Hub.Internal Expansion Hub fault (including either of the above UL STATUS or DL STATUS states)
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance PRELIMINARY10-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-010.4 Technical AssistanceCall our help hot line for technical assistance:1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service repre-sentative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following information when you receive the return call:• Company name• End user name• Type of system, model number, frequency• Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number• Description of problem• LED status• AdminManager fault and warning status
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual A-1620003-0PRELIMINARYAPPENDIX A Cables and ConnectorsA.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP)• Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s)• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals• Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage out-put is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion Hub if it reaches its current limit• Use shielded RJ-45 connectors• Distances:• Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)• Recommended Minimum: 25 meters (82 ft)• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)• Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft)There are four separate twisted pairs in one Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable. The ScTP cable loss described in this document is for Cat-5 Mohawk/CDT 55986 or Belden 1624P DataTwist Five cable, or equivalent. The following table lists the functional assignment of the pairs:Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair AssignmentPair (wire number) Function1 & 2 Clock and Input Voltage3 & 6 RS4854 & 5 Uplink IF, UL Pilot and Ground7 & 8 Downlink IF, DL Pilot and Ground
Cables and Connectors PRELIMINARYA-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0All Cat-5/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The following diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated.Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 CableNOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.The nominal DC impedance of the Cat-5/6 cable is 0.08 ohm/meter and the nominal RF impedance is 100 ohm.12 3 45 6 78BrownBrown/WhiteBlue Blue/WhiteGreen/WhiteGreen OrangeOrange/WhiteRJ-45 Port12345678W-GGW-OBLW-BLOW-BRBR
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 A-3620003-0PRELIMINARY Fiber Optical CablesA.2 Fiber Optical Cables• Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s)• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals• Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equiva-lent (SC/APC [angle-polished] connectors only)• Distances:• Multimode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum• Single-Mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximumA.3 Coaxial Cable• Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or base station (N-type connectors)• Connects an RAU to a passive antenna (SMA connectors)
Cables and Connectors PRELIMINARYA-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual B-1620003-0PRELIMINARYAPPENDIX B ComplianceB.1 Safety RequirementsAll of the safety requirements are in process:• UL/cUL 1950 3rd edition• CB scheme evaluation with all national deviations• EN 60950:1992 including amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, and A11
Compliance PRELIMINARYB-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10620003-0B.2 Radio/EMC RequirementsAll anticipated standards approvals listed below are pending.GSM/EGSM/DCS ProductsRadio: EN 301502 v.7.0.1 (8-2000)EMC: EN 301489-8CISPR22CISPR24Cellular ProductsFCC part 15 class AFCC part 22PCS ProductsFCC part 15 class AFCC part 24iDEN ProductsFCC part 15 class AFCC part 90GSM ProductsFCC part 15 class AFCC part 90
PN 8100-50 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-1620004-0PRELIMINARYAPPENDIX C GlossaryAir Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM.AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal.AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA sys-tem. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide. Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry informa-tion which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Mod-ification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods of analog modulation. ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards developed by other organizations. Antenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals. Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted. Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB). Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the MSC and the base station. Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with mobile devices within a specific area. BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of man-aging the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system.
Glossary PRELIMINARYC-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50620004-0BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wire-less operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas. C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the com-bined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interfer-ence of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel in the system. These are referred to as “co-channel interferers.” CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now known as ITU (the parent organization). CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific fre-quency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversa-tion to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and re-assembled for the recipient using a specific code. CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the ana-log wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets on idle portions of the network. Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless system. It is the basic “building block” of all modern wireless communications systems. Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g., basestation) within the cell. CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. This organization’s mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wire-less communications systems across Europe. Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (commu-nication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both directions simultaneously). Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can transmit either voice or data. CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system.
PN 8100-50 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-3620004-0PRELIMINARYCTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of transmitted power to received power). DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called “upbanded GSM” since it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 1700–1800 MHz portion of the spectrum. Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by represent-ing information as “0s” and “1s” via electrical pulses. Digital systems have largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed than analog transmission systems. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as 535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV). ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as messaging and dispatch features. ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in 1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office information technology. FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all public communications services, including wireless. FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spec-trum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel. Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the fre-quency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predeter-mined code, to another frequency. Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points. Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of fixed applications. FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the fre-quency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital.
Glossary PRELIMINARYC-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50620004-0Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellu-lar system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellu-lar system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels. Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually through an amplifier or antenna. GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz. GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South America. Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conver-sation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is per-formed so quickly that callers don’t notice. Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one “wave” per sec-ond. Hertz is abbreviated as “Hz”. iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access tech-nology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmis-sion into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S., iDEN is used by Nextel in its network. IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The world’s largest technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, com-puter engineering and computer science. Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hard-ware and software, used in a communications network. IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It was adopted by the CTIA in 1990. IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and adopted by the CTIA in 1993.
PN 8100-50 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-5620004-0PRELIMINARYIS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface stan-dard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal interna-tional standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it estab-lishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight cover-age over distances up to 3–5 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and video applications. Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a subscriber’s location and the network’s Central Office. MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per sec-ond. Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells. Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of microcells being deployed in wireless networks. Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint communications. MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S. The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wire-less operators are licensed in each MSA. MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular switching center in the wireless communications network. MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States. MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs. Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See BTA.) Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same radio (or other) transmission facility. N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
Glossary PRELIMINARYC-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50620004-0PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acro-nym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld comput-ers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely por-table and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, cal-endar, and other information handling capabilities. PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band. Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is normally measured in terms of degrees. PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system. POP Short for “population”. One person equals one POP. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Refers to the international telephone system and includes both local and long distance networks. Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.) RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are associated with radio wave propagation. Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places outside one's home calling area. RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.) Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization. Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a given system. Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change as signal conditions change. Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the origi-nal cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition.
PN 8100-50 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual C-7620004-0PRELIMINARYSpectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequen-cies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communica-tions that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each channel. TIA Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications. Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a higher frequency than originally designed. Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire or fiber optic cable. Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections between components of a system, such as a communication system. WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless com-munications to Portable Computer users over short distances.
Glossary PRELIMINARYC-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50620004-0

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