ADTRAN TRACERT1L8 Tracer User Manual 61280 003L1 1A a Front

Adtran Tracer 61280 003L1 1A a Front

Contents

Updated Manual

61280.003L1-1B PAGE I6/18/98 TRACER USER’S MANUAL
PAGE II 61280.003L1-1B6/18/98RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits foran intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules.This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy.If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it maycause interference to radio communications.The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against suchinterference in a residential situation. However, there is no guaranteethat interference will not occur in a particular installation. If thisequipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, whichcan be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of thefollowing measures:• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio ortelevision.• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affectedreceiver.• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outletson separate circuits.• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.W A R N I N GChanges or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRANcould void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.SHIELDED CABLESA shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emissionlimits and also to prevent interference with nearby radio and televisionreception when using the AC voltage adapter. It is essential that onlythe Adtran-provided power cord be used.FCC OUTPUT POWER RESTRICTIONSThe FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However,the FCC has established restrictions regarding maximum output powerand the adjustments required when employing directional gain antennae.(Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual).These restrictions are detailed in FCC Part 15.247 (b)(1), (b)(3)(i), and(3)(iii). It is the responsibility of the individuals designing andimplementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and anyother pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must beprofessionally installed.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE III6/18/98EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDSThis device is designed to provide a maximum power output of 100 mW.This level of RF energy in itself is below the Maximum PermissibleExposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installationof high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may createthe opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for thegeneral population at a distance less than one meter from the center ofthe antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installationof this equipment:• The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allowsexposure of the general population to the direct beam path of theantenna at a distance less than one meter. Installation on towers,masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population isrecommended; or• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel fromentering the area within one meter from the front of the antenna• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the Tracerequipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presenceon the coaxial connector.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand infront of the antenna assembly.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handleor touch the front of the antenna.These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general populationand installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess ofspecified MPE levels.
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61280.003L1-1B PAGE V6/18/98CONTENTSINSTALLATIONPAGESECTION 1TRACER DESCRIPTION ..................................................... 1INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1ISM BAND SPREAD SPECTRUM ................................... 1APPLICATIONS ............................................................... 2SPREAD SPECTRUM ........................................................ 2Direct Sequence ........................................................... 3Coding .......................................................................... 3CHANNEL SELECTION................................................. 3FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION .................................... 4T1 OPERATION ....................................................... 4Framing ........................................................................ 4Line Code ..................................................................... 4DS1/DSX-1 Interface .................................................... 5Line Buildout or LBO.................................................... 5TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .................................. 6Baseband Processor or BBP........................................ 6DS1/DSX-1 Interface .................................................... 6VT-100 RS-232 Interface ............................................. 8Alarm Contacts ............................................................. 8IF Signal ....................................................................... 8AC/DC Power................................................................ 9Controls and Indicators ............................................... 9Radio Frequency Convertor or RFC ...........................11Antenna ......................................................................13SECTION 2INSTALLATION ..............................................................15UNPACK, INSPECT ........................................................15RACK-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION .........................15MAST-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION .........................15INSTALLATION ..............................................................16LOCATION ............................................................16POWER REQUIREMENTS ...........................................16GROUNDING .........................................................16DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACE ........................................18
PAGE VI 61280.003L1-1B6/18/98LINK PLANNING ...........................................................19ANTENNA FEEDLINE LOSS .........................................20ANTENNA GAIN ......................................................20PATH LOSS ..........................................................21PATH AVAILABILITY .................................................21SETTING THE TRANSMITTER POWER ...................................22SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ................................23CONNECTING THE BBP AND THE RFC ..............................24APPLYING POWER ........................................................25SETTING THE BBP FREQUENCY PLAN ................................25SPREADING CODE ........................................................25CO-LOCATING MULTIPLE 2.4 GHZ SYSTEMS .......................25ANTENNA ALIGNMENT ....................................................26RF LOW ...................................................................27REMOTE BERT ..........................................................27ALARM CONTACTS ........................................................27SECTION 3OPERATION ................................................................29VT-100 USER INTERFACE .............................................29RS-232 INTERFACE ....................................................29CABLE CONNECTIONS ....................................................29PASSWORD ................................................................30MAIN MENU SELECTIONS ...............................................31SYSTEM STATUS PAGE .............................................31MAIN MENU PAGE .................................................32T1 STATUS PAGE ..................................................32CHANNEL A STATISTICS PAGE ....................................33CHANNEL B STATISTICS PAGE ....................................33ALARM PAGE ........................................................34TEST MENU .........................................................34CONFIGURATION MENU ............................................35
61280.003L1-1B PAGE VII6/18/98SECTION 4TROUBLESHOOTING .......................................................37GENERAL ..................................................................37PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ...........38TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE FRONT PANEL INDICATORS .....38“Link Error” light is lit, or link is down...................... 38“BPV” light on T1-A or B is lit ....................................39RED light on T1-A or B is lit .......................................39“LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is lit ............................................ 40“AIS/YEL” on T1-A or T1-B is lit.................................. 40“AIS/YEL” indicator is flashing................................... 41No “Power” light.........................................................41“Test” light is lit or blinking ....................................... 42“TST” light is lit after pressing “Remote Test button .42“Fail” light is lit after pressing “Remote Test” button 43“RF Low” light is on ...................................................43TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE VT-100 USER INTERFACE..44RED Alarm .................................................................. 44BLV Alarm ................................................................... 44YEL/AIS Alarm ............................................................ 45RF Link Alarm or Code Sync Alarm ............................46Carrier Sync Alarm or T1 Mux Framer Alarm ............ 47ES Values in T1 Status Menu......................................48SES Values in History Menu ....................................... 48SECTION 5SPECIFICATIONS ...........................................................49TRANSMITTER .............................................................49RECEIVER ..................................................................49FREQUENCY PLANS .......................................................49SPREAD SPECTRUM DATA PUMP ......................................49INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS .............................................50USER INTERFACE .........................................................50VT-100 TERMINAL INTERFACE ........................................50MECHANICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL .......................................50POWER .....................................................................51SECTION 6WARRANTY, ORDERING AND RETURN INFORMATION .................53WARRANTY ................................................................53SALES ......................................................................53REPAIRS AND RETURNS .................................................53TECHNICAL SUPPORT ....................................................54
PAGE VIII 61280.003L1-1B6/18/98GLOSSARY .............................................................................55ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL ....................................55APPENDIX ACABLE CONNECTIONS ................................................... A-1TERMINAL CONNECTION (DB25).................................... A-1PERSONAL COMPUTER CONNECTION (DB9) ....................... A-1MODEM CONNECTION (DB25) ...................................... A-2APPENDIX B FCC REGULATIONS .....................................................B-1AFFIDAVIT FOR CONNECTION OF CUSTOMER PREMISESEQUIPMENT TO 1.544 MBPS AND/OR SUBRATEDIGITAL SERVICES .......................................................B-3
61280.003L1-1B PAGE IX6/18/98ILLUSTRATIONS1-1. Typical Application ......................................... 21-2. Bandwidth Division ........................................ 31-3. BBP ................................................................ 61-4. BBP Rear Panel ............................................. 61-5. BBP Block Diagram ....................................... 71-6. BBP Front Panel (with door closed) .............. 91-7. BBP Front Panel (with door open) ................. 91-8. RFC Module..................................................111-9. RFC Function Block Diagram .......................121-10.Mast-Mount RFC Housing .............................131-11.Rack-Mount RFC Housing ............................132-1. Diplexer .......................................................233-1. System Status Page......................................313-2. Main Menu Page ..........................................323-3. T1 Status Page .............................................323-4. Channel A Statistics Page ............................333-5. Channel B Statistics Page ............................333-6. Alarm Page ..................................................343-7. Test Menu.....................................................343-8 T1 Loopback Locations ................................353-9. Configuration Menu .....................................35
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61280.003L1-1B PAGE 14/12/99SECTION 1 TRACER DESCRIPTIONINTRODUCTIONThe Tracer provides dual T1 transport by way of a spread spectrummicrowave link for distances up to 20 miles or more dependingon path engineering. System performance is determined, in part,by the engineering of the microwave link. Each end of a Tracerlink is composed of two units -- the baseband processor (BBP)and the radio frequency converter (RFC). Two DS1/DSX-1 (T1)interfaces are provided on the rear of the BBP, which can bemounted in a 19" rack. The DS1/DSX-1 interface providesconnections up to 6000 feet from T1 equipment. A single coaxialcable connects the BBP to the RFC and another connects the RFCto the antenna.ISM BAND SPREAD SPECTRUMThe Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has establishedseveral portions of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum for use inIndustrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. Part 15.247of the FCC rules describes the requirements of systems that operatein these bands. The three bands set aside, 902-928 MHz,2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz, are designated for useby spread spectrum transmitters, either frequency hopping ordirect sequence. The Tracer operates in the 2400 to 2483.5 MHzband using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) transmission.
PAGE 2 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99APPLICATIONSAny application that would typically use metallic T1 as a transportcan use the Tracer instead. The figure below illustrates a typicalapplication.TerminalVT-100Switch Cell RadioRS-232Cellular/PCS SiteAntenna AntennaIF CableRF CableMast UnitMast and Rack mount RFCs may be mixed to accommodate individual system requirements.TRACERBaseband Processor2xT1, Rack-mounted RFCTRACERBaseband ProcessorT1T1T1T1MSCT1ABPVDATA LOSSAIS BPVDATA LOSSAIST1BPOWERTRANSCEIVERTRACER2xT1, Mast-mounted RFCTRACERT1ABPVDATA LOSSAIS BPVDATA LOSSAIST1BPOWERTRANSCEIVERTRACERRack-mount RFCRF CableFigure 1-1. Typical ApplicationThe Tracer can be used in any application requiring that data beshared at a high rate of speed. In addition to telephonyapplications, Tracer can be used in data communications such asinter-networking, video conferencing, and telemetry.SPREAD SPECTRUMSpread spectrum is a form of communication in which thebandwidth of a message signal is intentionally increased or“spread.” The FCC rules allow two methods of spreading --frequency hopping and direct sequence. Tracer employs directsequence spread spectrum.SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 34/12/99DIRECT SEQUENCEA direct sequence transmitter spreads the signal by mixing thedata with the output of a pseudorandom number generator whichchanges state at a rate higher than the data rate. This rate is calledthe “chipping” rate. The Tracer chipping rate is twelve times thedata rate.CODINGMany different pseudorandom sequences exist. The sequencesare called pseudorandom because, although they appear noise-like, they are determinant and repeat after a specific number ofchips. The longer a code is, the better correlation characteristicsit possesses. These traits allow multiple spread spectrum systemsto operate in the presence of one another with minimal interferenceif they are operating with different sequences. The Tracer allowsthe selection of one of ten different 120-bit long sequences.CHANNEL SELECTIONThe FCC has allocated 83.5 MHz of spectrum in the band in whichthe Tracer operates. A Tracer system fully uses the availablebandwidth -- transmitting in one half and receiving in the other.The figure below illustrates the bandwidth division.2400 MHz 2441 MHz 2483.5 MHzFigure 1-2. Bandwidth DivisionTRACER DESCRIPTION
PAGE 4 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99The transmitter at one end (TxA) of a link will transmit in thelower half of the spectrum. Consequently the receiver at the otherend will receive in the lower half of the band and transmit in theupper half. Thus, a system will operate in one of two frequencyplans -- transmit in the upper and receive in the lower or viceversa. These two plans are called Plan A and Plan B. One end ofa path will be on Plan A and the other will be on Plan B. Shipmentof a link will consist of an A and a B unless specified otherwise.FORWARD ERROR CORRECTIONWith the addition of overhead data, error detection and correctioncapability can be added to a data stream. Error correction can beaccomplished by allowing the receiver to request the re-transmission of an errored block once detected. The Tracer, onthe other hand, implements forward error correction (FEC) whichadds enough overhead data for the receiver to detect and correcterrors in the data stream. This capability comes at the cost ofbandwidth. The addition of FEC decreases the required signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by approximately 5.5␣ dB to achieve a givenbit error rate (BER).T1 OPERATIONFRAMINGThe data in a T1 stream is delimited by framing bits. The patternof the framing bits follows one of two formats -- extendedsuperframe (ESF) or superframe (SF). The T1 interface must beprepared for the format that will be used.LINE CODEA mark in the data stream is coded as a pulse on the T1 line. Aspace is coded as “no activity” on the T1 line. As a form of errordetection, subsequent marks in the data stream are coded as pulsesof alternating polarity, either positive going or negative going. Thistype of line coding is called alternate mark inversion (AMI).SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 54/12/99For the T1 receiver to operate correctly, a minimum number of“1s” must exist on the T1 facility. If the data cannot be guaranteedto meet this requirement, then another line coding format is used.In the bipolar 8 zero substitution (B8ZS) scheme, a string of eight“0s” is replaced by a special sequence of eight bits that contains abipolar violation. The receiver, upon recognizing this sequence,reinserts the eight “0s” and the data is recovered intact.DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACEWhen connecting the interface to the public switched network,an ADTRAN-provided cross-over cable (part number3125.M011@A) is required to meet FCC part 68 and IC CS03requirements. This cable is required to cross-over the Tx and Rxpairs to meet the connecting arrangement of a network interfacedevice. This cable is included with the BBP and is labelled “T1Crossover.”LINE BUILDOUT OR LBOThe DS1/DSX-1 interface provides two different types of linebuildouts (LBOs), respectively. When set for DS1, LBOs for 0␣ dB,-7.5 dB, -15 dB, and -22 dB are available. The DS1 interface canoperate on line lengths up to 6,000 feet. When set for DSX-1interface, LBOs for 0-133 feet, 266-399 feet, 399-533 feet, and533-655 feet are available.TRACER DESCRIPTION
PAGE 6 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99Tracer SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONA Tracer system is composed of three major subsystems -- abaseband processor, a radio frequency convertor, and an antenna.The following section describes the system components.BASEBAND PROCESSOR OR BBPThe BBP (ADTRAN part number 1280.003L1) is a 1-U, 19" rack-mountable unit that provides the system electrical interfaces, usercontrols and indicators, and performs the spread spectrumprocessing for the system. The rear panel provides all of theelectrical interface points -- DS1/DSX-1 interface, DS1/DSX-1monitor, VT-100 terminal, alarm contacts, IF signal, DC power(from facility), and power (from AC adapter). The BBP and itsrear panel are illustrated in the figures below.TRATRACERCERFigure 1-3. BBPFigure 1-4. BBP Rear PanelDS1/DSX-1 INTERFACETwo DS1/DSX-1 interfaces, labelled “T1A” and “T1B,” are providedfor connecting to the T1 equipment. Two types of physicalinterfaces are provided -- RJ-48C and bantam jacks.SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 74/12/99The interfaces are illustrated in the BBP Block Diagram below.The functions of the BBP are partitioned into three printed circuitboards or PCBs, all contained in the same enclosure.ΣT1T1T1CMultiplexViterbiEncoder/DecoderSpreadSpectrumDataPump9090Baseband Processor BoardIF Interface BoardFc = 70 MHzFc = 140 MHzFilterµCUART DSP-48VdcRS-232T1AT1BIFFigure 1-5. BBP Block DiagramThe DS1/DSX-1 interfaces provided for each channel are the same.The upper bantam connectors, labeled “Monitor,” provide isolatedmonitor points for testing. The lower bantam jacks provide signalinsertion points. The insertion of a bantam jack disconnects theRJ-48C connector from the circuit. The DS1/DSX-1 interface canoperate on line lengths up to 6000 feet.When connecting either T1 interface to the public switchednetwork, an ADTRAN-provided cross-over cable (part number3125.M011@A) is required to meet FCC part 68 and IC CS03requirements. This cable is included with the BBP and is labelled“T1 Crossover.” This cable is required to cross-over the TX andRX pairs to meet the connecting arrangement of a network interfacedevice.TRACER DESCRIPTION
PAGE 8 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99For connections to other CPE-type equipment, such as anADTRAN TSU-100, a straight-through T1 cable is provided byADTRAN (part number 3127.004) and is included with the BBP.VT-100 RS-232 INTERFACEA serial interface port using RS-232C signal levels is provided forattaching a VT-100-compatible terminal. The connection is madevia a DB-25 connector on the rear panel. The data rate is configuredfor 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.ALARM CONTACTSTwo sets of alarm contacts are provided on the rear of the BBP:major alarm and minor alarm. A major alarm indicates the radiolink is not operational. A minor alarm indicates that systemperformance is degraded or that the T1 interfaces are experiencingerrors. Normally-open and Normally-closed contacts are providedfor both alarm types. Under normal operating conditions there isno continuity between the Normally-open and Common contacts,and, under an alarm condition, continuity between those contactsexists. The Normally-closed and Common contacts normally havecontinuity, while under alarm conditions, these contacts are open.IF SIGNALThe N-type connector on the rear panel provides the interfacepoint between the BBP and the RFC. This connection providesthe data signal, power, and configuration information to the RFC.A coaxial cable (ADTRAN part number 3125.001@A) is providedfor connecting the BBP to the RFC for the rack-mount model .Cable for connecting the BBP to a mast-mount RFC must beprovided by the customer after the length of cable has beendetermined.SECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 94/12/99AC/DC POWERThe unit receives power via one of two connectors. Power for theentire system is provided by these interfaces. The three-pin circularDIN connector is provided to connect an optional ADTRANdesktop AC adapter (ADTRAN part number 1360.DSK24VL1),providing 24 volts DC. The three-pin terminal block allows theconnection of any DC power source providing between 21 and 56volts DC. The power consumption of the entire system is 30 watts.CONTROLS AND INDICATORSThe system may be configured via the front panel, which isaccessible behind a drop-down panel on the right half of the BBP.The front panel is illustrated in the figure below.TRACER DESCRIPTIONFigure 1-6. BBP Front Panel (with door closed)Figure 1-7. BBP Front Panel (with door open)Options that are set from the front panel can be overridden viathe terminal interface. As a rule, a green LED indicates a goodsituation, a red LED indicates an error situation, and a yellow LEDindicates a configuration option. LEDs indicating overall systemintegrity are listed below.Test .............. Red indicates that the self-test has completed andfailedPWR............. Green indicates that DC voltage is applied
PAGE 10 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99The LEDs associated with the DS1/DSX-1 interfaces are listedbelow. There are two sections of identical indicators -- one foreach DS1/DSX-1 interface.BPV .............. Red if the incoming T1 stream contains bipolarviolationsRED ............. Red if there is no signal present at the T1 interfaceLPBK ............ Yellow if the T1 interface is in loopbackYEL/AIS ....... Flashes to indicate a T1 Yellow Alarm; remains On(solid) to indicate an AIS alarm (when the DS1/DSX-1is receiving a Blue code)The LEDs indicating error conditions are listed below.RF Low ................ Red indicates the received RF carrier level is toolowLink Down........... Radio path is downThe front panel pushbutton controls are listed below.Reset .................... Reset the systemLBKA ................... Toggles the T1-A between no loopback and lineloopbackLBKB .................... Toggles the T1-B between no loopback and lineloopbackPlan Sel ................ Toggles between frequency plans A and B (mustmatch frequency plan cabling on RFC). Refer to“Setting the RFC Frequency Plan” in Section 2 ofthis manual.Remote Test ......... Initiate a remote test across the RF linkSECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 114/12/99The monitor points provided on the front panel of the system arelisted belowI............................ Demodulated received baseband outputQ .......................... Demodulated received baseband outputCLK ..................... Recovered clock for observing EYE patternRSSI ..................... DC voltage indicating strength of the receivedsignal at the antenna+5 ......................... System 5 volts-5.......................... System -5 volts+12 ....................... System +12 volts-12........................ System -12 voltsRF PWR ............... Voltage supplying RF powerGND .................... System groundRADIO FREQUENCY CONVERTER OR RFCThe radio frequency converter or RFC (ADTRAN part number1280.005L1) provides the RF interface between the BBP and theantenna.The RFC module is illustrated in the figure below.RXTXIFRSSI GND TX-PWRFigure 1-8. RFC ModuleThe RFC is partitioned, functionally, into two major components-- the transmitter and the receiver. It is partitioned physically intothree printed circuit boards.The major connections illustrated are the transmit signal, receivesignal, and the IF signal connection.The three SMA connectors located on the RFC module providethe transmitted RF, received RF, and IF connection points. Twotest points are provided for monitoring the received signal strengthindicator or RSSI. The voltage (relative to the GND test point)present on this test point represents the level of the received signal.TRACER DESCRIPTION
PAGE 12 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99This signal is used to align the antenna during installation and toverify that the link is performing as designed. A third test point isprovided to monitor the transmitter output power during systemconfiguration.The only connections that must be made in the field are a coaxconnection between the BBP and the RFC and a coax connectionbetween the RFC and the antenna.The “IF” connector provides the connection between the BBP andthe rack or mast-mounted RFC. (A blue 6-inch IF cable [ADTRANpart number 3125.001@A] is provided for rack-mount systems.ADTRAN does not provide IF cable for mast-mount systems.) The“ANTENNA” connector provides the connection between the RFCand the antenna.A block diagram of the RFC functions is shown in the figure below.20182058SAW33323212281AGCSplitterSplitterAGCPALPFRF2IF20182058TxRxFigure 1-9. RFC Function Block DiagramThe RFC unit is enclosed in a metal housing measuringapproximately 10.5" x 5.5" x 1" and may be mounted in a 1-Unineteen-inch rack space or in a weather-tight enclosure suitableSECTION 1
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 134/12/99for mast-mounting near the antenna for enhanced systemperformance. The RFC mast-mount and rack-mount housingsare illustrated below.WARNINGMounting ClearancesHousing Assembly and Guidefor Mounting BracketHolesFigure 1-10. Mast-Mount RFC HousingTRATRACERCERFigure 1-11. Rack-Mount RFC HousingANTENNATracer is intended to be coupled with an antenna that is directionaland provides signal gain. There are several reasons for thisrequirement:• Tracer operates in point-to-point applications; therefore, anomnidirectional antenna is not needed.• The FCC provides no recourse in this band in the event of nearbyinterference, so a highly directional antenna reduces thelikelihood of interference in the antenna pattern.• The low power transmitter is intended to be used with a high-gain antenna for long links.The antenna requirements are listed below.Minimum gain .................... 15 dBiMinimum return loss .......... 15 dBConnector ........................... N-typeImpedance ........................... 50ΩTRACER DESCRIPTION
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61280.003L1-1B PAGE 154/12/99SECTION 2 INSTALLATIONRADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits foran intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules.This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy.If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it maycause interference to radio communications.The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against suchinterference in a residential situation. However, there is no guaranteethat interference will not occur in a particular installation. If thisequipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, whichcan be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of thefollowing measures:• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio ortelevision.• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affectedreceiver.• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outletson separate circuits.• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.W A R N I N GChanges or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRANcould void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.SHIELDED CABLESA shielded-type power cord is required in order to meet FCC emissionlimits and also to prevent interference with nearby radio and televisionreception when using the AC voltage adapter. It is essential that onlythe Adtran-provided power cord be used.
PAGE 16 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99FCC OUTPUT POWER RESTRICTIONSThe FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However,the FCC has established restrictions regarding maximum output powerand the adjustments required when employing directional gain antennae.(Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual).These restrictions are detailed in FCC Part 15.247 (b)(1), (b)(3)(i), and(3)(iii). It is the responsibility of the individuals designing andimplementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and anyother pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must beprofessionally installed.EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY FIELDSThis device is designed to provide a maximum power output of 100 mW.This level of RF energy in itself is below the Maximum PermissibleExposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installationof high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may createthe opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for thegeneral population at a distance less than one meter from the center ofthe antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installationof this equipment:• The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allowsexposure of the general population to the direct beam path of theantenna at a distance less than one meter. Installation on towers,masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population isrecommended; or• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel fromentering the area within one meter from the front of the antenna• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the Tracerequipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presenceon the coaxial connector.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand infront of the antenna assembly.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handleor touch the front of the antenna.These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general populationand installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess ofspecified MPE levels.SECTION 2
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 174/12/99UNPACK, INSPECTCarefully inspect the Tracer for any shipping damages. If damageis suspected, file a claim immediately with the carrier then contactADTRAN Customer Service. If possible, keep the original shippingcontainer for use in shipping the Tracer back for repair or forverification of damage during shipment.Before beginning installation, verify that all of the followingcomponents are present.RACK-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION:Provided by ADTRAN --• Baseband processor• Rack-mounted RFC• BBP to RFC IF interconnect cable• DS1/DSX-1 interface cables (RJ-48 to RJ-48)Provided by customer --• Antenna feedline cable• Antenna and mounting hardware• VT-100 terminal and RS-232 interface cable (optional)• 21 to 56 volt DC power source (available from ADTRAN), eitherpolarity referenced to groundMAST-MOUNTED RFC CONFIGURATION:Provided by ADTRAN --• Baseband processor• Mast-mounted RFC• DS1/DSX-1 interface cables (RJ-48 to RJ-48)Provided by customer --• Antenna feedline cable• Antenna and mounting hardware• BBP to mast-mounted RFC IF interconnect cable• VT-100 terminal and RS-232 interface cable (optional)• 21 to 56 volt DC power source (available from ADTRAN), eitherpolarity referenced to groundINSTALLATION
PAGE 18 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99INSTALLATIONLOCATIONInstall the Tracer in a location that requires minimal antennafeedline length (the loss in this cable directly affects overall systemperformance). When the DS1/DSX-1 interface is configured forDS1 line buildouts, it can operate at lengths up to 6000 feet.POWER REQUIREMENTSThe system power may be obtained from a DC power source ifavailable, or an optional AC adapter available from ADTRAN. TheTracer can operate from a power supply between 21 and 56 voltsDC, with either polarity referenced to ground, and consumes 30watts of power.GROUNDINGThe following grounding instructions are derived from theUnderwriters’ Laboratory UL 1459 Standard for Safety: TelephoneEquipment dated September 20, 1993.An equipment grounding conductor that is no smaller in sizethan the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors is tobe installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product orsystem. Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors areacceptable. Individually covered or insulated equipmentgrounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish thatis either green, or green with one or more yellow stripes. Theequipment grounding conductor is to be connected to groundat the service equipment.The attachment-plug receptacles in the vicinity of the productor system are all to be of a grounding type, and the equipmentgrounding conductors serving these receptacles are to beconnected to earth ground at the service equipment.A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall beinstalled between the product or system and ground that is inaddition to the equipment grounding conductor in the powersupply cord.SECTION 2
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 194/12/99The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall notbe smaller in size than the undergrounded branch-circuit supplyconductors. The supplementary equipment groundingconductor shall be connected to the product at the terminalprovided, and shall be connected to ground in a manner thatwill retain the ground connection when the product isunplugged from the receptacle. The connection to ground ofthe supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall bein compliance with the rules for terminating bonding jumpersat Part K or Article 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70. Termination of the supplementary equipmentgrounding conductor is permitted to be made to building steel,to a metal electrical raceway system, or to any grounded itemthat is permanently and reliably connected to the electricalservice equipment ground.Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors areacceptable. A covered or insulated grounding conductor shallhave a continuous outer finish that is either green, or greenwith one or more yellow stripes.The supplemental equipment grounding terminals are located onthe rear of the BBP adjacent to the power connectors and on therear of the rack-mounted RFC.DS1/DSX-1 INTERFACEThe rear panel of the Tracer has two sets of jacks labeled T1A andT1B which provide the same functionality. The pin assignmentsfor the eight-position modular jack are listed below.Pin Name Function1 ........... R................... Send data (ring)2 ........... T................... Send data (tip)3 .................................. Not used4 ........... R1................. Receive data (ring)5 ........... T1................. Receive data (tip)6 .................................. Not used7 .................................. Not used8 .................................. Not usedBantam jack connections are provided for test equipment access.Data is received on the jack labelled “IN” and is transmitted onthe jack labelled “OUT.” Bantam jacks are provided for bothinserting and monitoring the interfaces. When a plug is placed inthe insert jack, the connection between the modular jack and theINSTALLATION
PAGE 20 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99interface circuitry is broken. The monitor jacks provide access tomonitor the transmitted and received signals without interference.When connecting either T1 interface to the public switchednetwork, an ADTRAN-provided crossover cable (part number3125.M011@A) is required to meet FCC part 68 and IC CS03requirements. This cable is required to cross-over the Tx and Rxpairs to meet the connecting arrangement of a network interfacedevice. This cable, labelled “T1 Crossover,” is included with theBBP.For connections to other CPE-type equipment, such as anADTRAN TSU-100, a straight-through T1 cable (ADTRAN partnumber 3127.004) is included with the BBP.Each DS1/DSX-1 interface must be configured for line code andframing, either from the front-panel rocker switches or via theVT-100 terminal. The choices for line code are AMI and B8ZS.The options for framing are SF and ESF. Each channel can beconfigured independently of the other and should be configuredto match the attached T1 equipment.The line build-out (LBO) must be set for each DS1/DSX-1 interface.The LBO setting allows each DS1/DSX-1 interface transmitter todrive the interface with the correct signal strength based on theline attenuation between Tracer and the attached equipment. TheLBO is independently set for each interface via rotary switches onthe front panel. Two sets of configurations are provided -- DSX-1for short-haul interface (less than 655 feet) and DS1 for long-haulinterfaces (greater than 655 feet). The settings are detailed below.SwitchInterface Type LBO SettingDSX-1 ................... 0-133 feet .................... 2, 3DSX-1 ................... 133-266 feet ................ 4DSX-1 ................... 266-399 ....................... 5DSX-1 ................... 399-533 ....................... 6DSX-1 ................... 533-655 feet ................ 7DS1 ....................... 0 dB ............................. 8DS1....................... -7.5 dB ......................... 9DS1....................... -15 dB .......................... 10DS1....................... -22.5 dB ....................... 11SECTION 2
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 214/12/99LINK PLANNINGI M P O R T A N TThe appropriate transmitter power must becalculated as part of the link planning.The factors that must be taken into account when planning a linkare optimal received signal level, transmitter power, antennafeedline loss (each end), antenna gain (each end), free space pathloss, and required fade margin.I M P O R T A N TThe optimal signal level for the receiver is -60 dBm.ANTENNA FEEDLINE LOSSFeedline loss is a function of feedline type and length. Feedlineloss per 100 feet for several types of coax at IF and RF frequenciesis detailed in the table below. The IF loss applies to BBP/RFCinterconnection, and the RF loss applies to RFC/antennainterconnection. Antenna manufacturers’ specifications may vary.IF Loss/100 feet RF Loss/100 feetCable (in dB) (in dB)RG58 ......................... 5.7 ................................ 80RG8 (air)................... 2.7 ................................ 20“Aircell” .................... 2.4 .............................. 11.55RG8 (foam) ................. 2................................... 9“Aircomm” ............... 1.37 .............................. 6.551/4" Waveguide ......... 1.42 .............................. 5.913/8" Waveguide ......... 1.25 .............................. 5.761/2" Waveguide ......... 0.81 .............................. 3.837/8" Waveguide ......... 0.44 ............................... 2.21 1/4" Waveguide ...... 0.33 .............................. 1.621 5/8" Waveguide ...... 0.27 .............................. 1.41INSTALLATION
PAGE 22 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99Link Distance Path Loss(in miles) (in dB)1 ........................... 1042 ........................... 1103 ........................... 1144 ........................... 1165 ........................... 1186 ........................... 1207 ........................... 1218 ........................... 1229 ........................... 12310 ......................... 12411 ......................... 12512 ......................... 126ANTENNA GAINBest performance will result from the use of a parabolic dishantenna. Antenna gain is determined by the size of the dish, withtypical figures detailed below. Dish manufacturers will be able tosupply gains for other types of antenna.Dish Diameter Gain(in feet) (in dBi)2 ...................... 214 ...................... 276 ...................... 318 ...................... 3310 ..................... 3512 ..................... 37PATH LOSSThe free space path loss is given byLoss(dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10f + 20log10DwhereD is distance in milesf is operating frequency in GHzA tabulation of various path loss is given below.SECTION 2Link Distance Path Loss(in miles) (in dB)13 ......................... 12614 ......................... 12715 ......................... 12816 ......................... 12817 ......................... 12918 ......................... 12919 ......................... 12920 ......................... 13021 ......................... 13022 ......................... 13123 ......................... 13124 ......................... 132
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 234/12/99INSTALLATIONPATH AVAILABILITYThe availability of a path can be expressed by:availability = (1 - C x T x 2.5 x 10-6 x f x D3 x 10-F/10) x 100%whereC is the climate factorT is the terrain factorf is the frequency in GHzD is the path length in milesF is the fade margin in dBClimate factors are given below.ClimateClimate FactorVery Dry .............. 1/8Temperate ............ 1/4Humid ................. 1/2Terrain factors are listed belowTerrainTerrain FactorSmooth .................... 4Average .................... 1Mountainous ........... 1/4The nominal received signal level is -60 dBm. For help in linkplanning, use the path loss calculation worksheet below.- 91 dBm Minimum Signal Power+ _______ Transmitter Feedline Loss- _______ Transmitter Antenna Gain+ _______ Path Loss- _______ Receiver Antenna Gain+ _______ Receiver Feedline Loss+ _______ Required Fade Margin= _______ (dBm) Transmitter Power Setting
PAGE 24 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99SETTING THE TRANSMITTER POWERThe FCC specifies the maximum transmitter power that may beused for antennae of a given gain. FCC rules Part 15, Subpart 247allow for a maximum power of 1 watt into antennae of a gain lessthan or equal to 6 dBi. For every 3 dB of gain over 6 dBi, thetransmitter must be reduced by 1 dB. The following table lists themaximum transmitter power for given antennae gains.AntennaGain Power6 dBi ......... 30 dBm12 dBi ....... 28 dBm18 dBi ....... 26 dBm24 dBi ....... 24 dBm30 dBi ....... 22 dBm36 dBi ....... 20 dBm (Tracer’s maximum poweroutput)The transmitter power is set by way of a potentiometer on thefront panel of the BBP or via the configuration page of the interfaceVT-100. The RFC must be attached by way of the IF cable duringthis operation. Attach an RF power meter to the N-type antennaconnector on the RFC, and adjust the power by way of thepotentiometer or VT-100 until the desired transmitter power isobtained. For convenience, the transmitter power adjustmentshould be made before the RFC is installed on the mast.SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLANThe frequency plan designates on which frequencies the Tracertransmits and receives. Plan A corresponds to a transmitting (Tx)frequency of 2422 MHz and a receive (Rx) frequency of 2462 MHz.Plan B corresponds to a Tx frequency of 2462 MHz and a Rxfrequency of 2422 MHz. Shipment of a link consists of one RFCset to Plan A and the other set to Plan B unless specified otherwise.The RFC plan can, however, be changed in the field if required.This procedure involves two steps:• Configuring the RFC interconnect• Informing the BBP of the correct PlanSECTION 2
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 254/12/99To reconfigure the RFC interconnect, do the following:1. Remove the four screws which retain the RFC cover and removethe cover.2. The RF unit may be identified by following the connection fromthe port labelled “IF” on the rear of the RFC. This connectionterminates at the RF unit. The diplexer may be identified byfollowing the connection from the “Antenna” port on the rearof the RFC. This connection terminates at the circulator, whichin turn is connected to the diplexer, illustrated in the figurebelow.24622421 AntennaPLAN AFigure 2-1. Diplexer3. Unscrew the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and“Rx” on the RFC, and the ports labelled “2422” and “2462” onthe diplexer, depending on the frequency Plan (Plan A or PlanB).4. Unscrew the cable assembly from the port labelled “Antenna”on the diplexer.5. Remove the four screws from the bottom of the RFC that holdthe diplexer in place.6. Turn the diplexer over revealing the opposite frequency plan(from Plan A to Plan B, or vice versa).7. Realign the diplexer with the screw holes and replace the fourscrews that attach it to the bottom of the RFC.8. Re-attach the loose cable assembly (from step 4) to the portlabelled “Antenna” on the diplexer.INSTALLATION
PAGE 26 61280.003L1-1B4/12/999. Re-attach the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and“Rx” on the RFC, and the ports labelled “2422” and “2462” onthe diplexer. Cable connections should be aligned to each otheras follows.Plan ATx = 2422Rx = 2462Plan BTx = 2462Rx = 242210. Replace and secure the RFC cover.CONNECTING THE BBP AND THE RFCThe BBP and the RFC are connected by an IF cable, either suppliedby ADTRAN (for rack-mount assembly) or by the customer (formast-mount assembly). This single connection provideseverything the RFC requires. The cable assembly attaches to theports labeled “IF” on the BBP and the RFC.APPLYING POWERIf the ADTRAN-supplied tabletop power source is used, simplyplug it into the circular receptacle located in the “DC Power” areaon the rear of the BBP. If a source of 21 to 56 volts DC (30 watts),either polarity referenced to ground, is available, it may be attachedto the terminal block located on the rear of the BBP. The positivelead should be attached to the “+” side of the block and the negativelead should be attached to the “-” side of the block.C A U T I O NPower sources must not be attached to both the circularconnector and the terminal blocks at the same time ordamage will occur.SECTION 2
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 274/12/99SETTING THE BBP FREQUENCY PLANUpon the initial application of power, the BBP will default to thefactory-preset Frequency Plan, or to the Frequency Plan in usewhen the unit was last powered-down. The BBP attached to theRFC configured for Plan B must be set to Plan B by pressing the“Plan” switch on the front panel. The LED will indicate whichfrequency plan is active. On subsequent reboots, such as after aloss of power, the BBP will default to the most recently-used Plansetting.SPREADING CODEThe spreading code for each end must be the same. The choice ofoperating code is selectable by the operator or the installer. Traceris shipped in a matched (default) configuration. WARNING It is possible for the spreading code to be changed remotely throughthe VT-100 interface from the other end of the link. When this isperformed, communications will be lost to the far end. The spreadingcode will change to code “0” and communications will be lost assoon as this change is made. If this happens, set the SpreadingCode on the local unit to code “0”. The units should regaincommunications as soon as the correct code is selected.CO-LOCATING MULTIPLE 2.4 GHZ SYSTEMSWhen multiple 2.4 GHz transmitters are to be co-located (installedin the same equipment room or on the same tower), it is advisedto set all systems as follows:1. If more than one 2.4 GHz system is transmitting from the samelocation, set the antenna polarity of one system horizontal andthe other system(s) vertical. (The antennas should be markedas to which mounting position is vertical or horizontal.) Thiswill provide approximately 30 dB of isolation between thedifferent antennas.2. If more than one Tracer system is installed, set the co-locatedtransmitters to the same frequency plan (example: Plan A,Tx=2422; or Plan B, Tx=2462) and set each to a differentspreading code. This keeps the transmitters on the additionalsystem(s) from interfering with the co-located receiver(s).INSTALLATION
PAGE 28 61280.003L1-1B4/12/993. If the systems are from different manufacturers, set the transmitfrequencies as close as possible with different spreading codes.Other manufacturers may not use the exact frequency plans asthe Tracer system, but keeping the frequencies close will reducethe probability of the transmitter(s) interfering with the co-located receiver(s).This equipment is authorized under CFR 47 Part 15.247. Withthis authorization by the FCC, this equipment shall not be co-located with a similar transmitter that transmits identicalinformation.ANTENNA ALIGNMENTAfter the transmitter power for each end has been adjusted andthe BBP and RFC have been installed and connected, the antennashould be connected to the RFC via the feedline. The antennasshould be aimed toward one another as precisely as possible andthe received signal strength indicator (RSSI) voltage measured.The RSSI voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiverand is used to measure the received signal strength. RSSI variesapproximately from 0 to 4 volts, with 0 volts corresponding to aweaker received signal and 4 volts corresponding to a strongerreceived signal.RF LOWThe “RF Low” LED indicates that the received signal is within10dB of the minimum received signal strength (~-80 dBm). Ifthis indicator is on, the link performance may be marginal. Theantennas should be peaked in azimuth and elevation until thedesired signal level is achieved. RSSI may be monitored on eitherthe RF unit or the front of the BBP. If the received signal is toostrong and RSSI reaches a maximum such that the peak cannot bediscerned, then the transmitter on the far end should be turneddown.At this point the radio link should be operational. Proper operationcan be determined by the status of the “LINK ERR” LED. If thisLED is on, the link is not operational. If this LED is not on, thelink is operating. Certain types of interference can cause one endof a path to operate and the other end to fail. In some instances,this may be corrected by swapping the frequency plan at eachend, thus avoiding the interference if it is stronger at one endSECTION 2
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 294/12/99than the other. Changing the spreading code at each end mayalso allow interference to be mitigated.REMOTE BERTThe Tracer includes a Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) to verify thatthe installed system is operating correctly. When the “RemoteTest” button is pushed on the local BBP, the remote end will senda BERT pattern for approximately ten seconds. The “Remote TST”indicator will turn yellow and remain on for the duration of thetest. If no bit errors are detected, the “Remote TST” indicator willturn off. If any bit errors are detected, the “Remote Fail” indicatorwill turn red. This test should be run after the radio link has beenaligned. If the test fails, refer to Section 4, “Troubleshooting,” forguidance.ALARM CONTACTSTwo sets of alarm contacts are provided on the rear of the BBP:major alarm and minor alarm. A major alarm indicates the radiolink is not operational. A minor alarm indicates that systemperformance is degraded or that the T1 interfaces are experiencingerrors. Normally-open and Normally-closed contacts are providedfor both alarm types. Under normal operating conditions there isno continuity between the Normally-open and Common contactsand under an alarm condition continuity between those contactsexists. The Normally-closed and Common contacts normally havecontinuity, while under alarm conditions, these contacts are open.INSTALLATION
PAGE 30 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 314/12/99SECTION 3 OPERATIONVT-100 USER INTERFACEThe Tracer may be accessed with a VT-100 compatible terminalset to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, and no parity, connectedto the RS-232 port on the back of the unit. Once a terminal isconnected, pressing the ESC key will present the System Statusscreen. If password access has been enabled, then press “Enter”or “Return” in order to see the “Enter Password:” message. Traceris shipped with password protection disabled.RS-232 INTERFACEThe Tracer has an RS-232 interface for system management via anattached VT-100 terminal, personal computer, or modem. TheRS-232 port is configured as a DCE with the following pinassignments:Signal PinName Number DirectionTXD .................. 2 ............... To TracerRXD .................. 3 ............... From TracerRTS ................... 4 ............... To TracerCTS................... 5 ............... From TracerDSR .................. 6 ............... From TracerGround ............. 7CABLE CONNECTIONSThe cable connections required for various configurations aredetailed in Appendix A of this manual.
PAGE 32 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99PASSWORDTracer provides optional password protection of the terminalinterface. If enabled, a password prompt is presented at power-up, reboot, or after thirty minutes of inactivity on the terminal.The default configuration is “No password.” Password protectionis enabled via the configuration menu. The password is also setvia the configuration menu.If the password is forgotten, physical access to Tracer is requiredto access the terminal interface. The password may be bypassedby holding in the LPBK A button while the system is rebooted.This will bring up the terminal interface and allow the passwordto be changed or disabled via the configuration screen.CAUTIONThis procedure is service-affecting.SECTION 3
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 334/12/99MAIN MENU SELECTIONSSYSTEM STATUS PAGEThis page displays the status of major system components. Thisis a status screen only; no configurations can be performed. Moredetailed information can be obtained by way of the Main Menu. Current System Status Elapsed Time 00:14:59 ____ ADTRAN Technical Support - 800/726-8663 ____T1A ===| |-------------------[RF UP]-------------------->| |=== T1A | | | |T1B ===| |<------------------[RF UP]---------------------| |=== T1B ---- ---- Local Tracer Remote Tracer Freq Plan A Freq Plan B Tx Pwr Rx Pwr Tx Pwr Rx Pwr+20dBm[X] [X] Nominal +20dBm[X] [X] Nominal [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] Site: ADTRAN [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] Code Sync: Yes [X] [X] [X] [X] Carrier Sync: Yes [X] [X] [X] [X] T1 Mux Sync: Yes [X] [X] [X] [X] Chipping Code: 9 [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X] [X]-15dXm[X] [X] Minimum -15dBm[X] [X] Minimum=======================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-1. System Status PageThe upper portion of the screen indicates how long the systemhas been running since the last reset operation. The “T1A” and“T1B” labels will be highlighted if any error conditions exist onthat T1 interface.The status of the radio link is indicated as Up or Down. The leftportion of the screen reports the status of the local system (thesystem to which the terminal is attached); the right portion reportsthe status of the remote system. The approximate transmitterand receiver signal levels are shown via the “fuel gauges.” If thelink is down and remote end data is unavailable, the fuel gaugeswill show “-” instead of “x.” The Code Sync, Carrier Sync, and T1Mux Sync will all be “yes” for an operational link. Chipping codeindicates the code to which the system is set. At any point in theVT-100 menu structure, pressing the Escape key will bring theoperator back to this screen.OPERATION
PAGE 34 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99MAIN MENU PAGEPressing “M” on any screen will take the user to the Main Menu,from which the subsequent screens can be accessed. TRACER Main Menu, Rev: A Site: Adtran 1) T1 Status Page 2) T1A Performance History 3) T1B Performance History 4) Alarm Page 5) Test Menu 6) Configuration Menu 7) Remote Access=====================================================================Press ESC for System Status:Figure 3-2. Main Menu PageT1 STATUS PAGEThe status of the two T1 interfaces is displayed on this screen.Information such as alarm status, T1 receive levels, line coding,and framing type are shown. This is a status screen only.TRACER T1 Status Menu Site: Adtran T1A T1BLoop/Normal State Normal NormalReceived Signl Lvl +2dB to -7.5dB +2dB to -7.5dBRX LOS (Red) Alarm No NoRX AIS (Blue) Alarm No NoRX Yellow Alarm No NoTX AIS (Blue) Alarm No NoFraming ESF (*) ESF (*)Line Code B8ZS (*) B8ZS (*)Line Build Out DS1 -7.5 dB (*) DS1 -7.5 dB (*)(*) Indicates last set by front panel. Otherwise last set by terminal.=====================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-3. T1 Status PageSECTION 3
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 354/12/99CHANNEL A STATISTICS PAGEThis screen presents detailed error statistics for T1A. The data ispresented as Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. Thecounts for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15-minuteincrements. Twenty-four-hour totals are recorded for the mostrecent days.TRACER T1A Performance History Site: Adtran 24 Hour Registers 15 Minute Registers ---ES---SES-- --ES-SES---------------ES-SES- 0000 00000 <— Current —> 000 000-1: ----- ----- -1: 000 000 -17: --- ----2: ----- ----- -2: --- --- -18: --- ----3: ----- ----- -3: --- --- -19: --- ----4: ----- ----- -4: --- --- -20: --- ----5: ----- ----- -5: --- --- -21: --- ----6: ----- ----- -6: --- --- -22: --- ----7: ----- ----- -7: --- --- -23: --- --- -8: --- --- -24: --- --- -9: --- --- -25: --- --- -10: --- --- -26: --- --- -11: --- --- -27: --- --- -12: --- --- -28: --- --- -13: --- --- -29: --- --- -14: --- --- -30: --- --- -15: --- --- -31: --- --- -16: --- --- -32: --- ---=======================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-4. Channel A Statistics PageCHANNEL B STATISTICS PAGEThis screen presents detailed error statistics for T1B. The data ispresented as Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. Thecounts for the most recent 24 hours are recorded in 15-minuteincrements. Twenty-four-hour totals are recorded for the mostrecent days.TRACER T1B Performance History Site: Adtran 24 Hour Registers 15 Minute Registers ---ES---SES-- --ES-SES---------------ES-SES- 00000 00000 <-- Current --> 000 000-1: ----- ----- -1: 000 000 -17: --- ----2: ----- ----- -2: --- --- -18: --- ----3: ----- ----- -3: --- --- -19: --- ----4: ----- ----- -4: --- --- -20: --- ----5: ----- ----- -5: --- --- -21: --- ----6: ----- ----- -6: --- --- -22: --- ----7: ----- ----- -7: --- --- -23: --- --- -8: --- --- -24: --- --- -9: --- --- -25: --- --- -10: --- --- -26: --- --- -11: --- --- -27: --- --- -12: --- --- -28: --- --- -13: --- --- -29: --- --- -14: --- --- -30: --- --- -15: --- --- -31: --- --- -16: --- --- -32: --- ---=====================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-5. Channel B Statistics PageOPERATION
PAGE 36 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99ALARM PAGEThis screen presents alarm information for the system. The T1Aor T1B alarms are described in the chapter entitled“Troubleshooting.” If any of the T1A or T1B alarms are active, aminor alarm will be indicated at the alarm contacts. The RF linkalarm will be activated when communication between the BBPand the RFC has failed. Code Sync, Carrier Sync, and T1 MuxFramer alarms indicate that various portions of the spreadspectrum data pump are not operating. Any of these alarms willcause a major alarm to be activated at the alarm contacts. TRACER Alarm Page Site: AdtranCode Sync Alarm OffCarrier Sync Alarm OffT1Mux Framer Alarm Off T1A T1BRX LOS (Red) Alarm Off OffRX AIS (Blue) Alarm Off OffRX Yellow Alarm Off OffBPV Alarm Off OffTX AIS (Blue) Alarm Off Off=====================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-6. Alarm PageTEST MENUThis screen allows each T1 to be put into loopback mode.TRACER Test Menu Site: Adtran1) Local T1A Line Loopback2) Local T1B Line Loopback3) Local T1A Link Loopback4) Local T1B Link Loopback5) Remote T1A Link Loopback6) Remote T1B Link Loopback=====================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-7. Test MenuSECTION 3
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 374/12/99Each menu selection is described below:1. Loops the local T1-A Interface towards the local customerequipment.2. Loops the local T1-B Interface towards the local customerequipment.3. Loops the local T1-A interface towards the remote customerequipment, over the RF Link.4. Loops the local T1-B interface towards the remote customerequipment, over the RF Link.5. Loops the remote T1-A Interface towards the local customerequipment, over the RF Link.6. Loops the remote T1-B Interface towards the local customerequipment, over the RF Link.LocalT1-AT1-BRemoteT1-AT1-BRF Link346125Figure 3-8. T1 Loopback LocationsCONFIGURATION MENUThis screen allows all system configurations to be performed.TRACER Configuration Menu Site: Adtran 1) T1A Framing 2) T1A Line Code 3) T1A Line Build Out 4) T1B Framing 5) T1B Line Code 6) T1B Line Build Out 7) Set Chipping Code 8) Set TX Power 9) Set Freq Plan10) Reset all statistics11) Enable/Disable Password12) Change Password13) Change Site ID14) Enable/Disable T1B=====================================================================Press ‘m’ for Main Menu:Figure 3-9. Configuration MenuOPERATION
PAGE 38 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99The menu selections are described below.T1A and T1B Framing allow each T1 to be configured for SF orESF framing.T1A and T1B Line Code allow each T1 to be configured for AMI orB8ZS.T1A and T1B Line Buildout allow each T1 to be configured for theappropriate line buildout, based on the distance to the T1equipment.W A R N I N GIt is possible for the spreading code to be changed remotely throughthe VT-100 interface from the other end of the link. When this isperformed, communications will be lost to the far end. Thespreading code will change to code “0” and communications willbe lost as soon as this change is made. If this happens, set theSpreading Code on the local unit to code “0.” The units shouldregain communications as soon as the correct code is selected.Set Chipping Code allows the chipping code to be selected. Eachend of the link must be configured for the same chipping code.Set Tx Power allows the transmitter power to be adjusted.Set Freq Plan allows the frequency plan to be set to A or B. Oneend of a link must be set to A and the other set to B. Thesetting of the BBP must match the attached RFC. For furtherinformation, see “Setting the RFC Frequency Plan” in the“Installation” chapter of this manual.Reset All Statistics resets all the error counters.Enable/Disable Password allows password protection to be enabledor disabled. The default setting is Disabled.Change Password allows the password to be set.Site ID allows a string of up to 32 characters to be entered as a siteidentifier.SECTION 3
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 394/12/99SECTION 4 TROUBLESHOOTINGGENERALIf you experience a problem with the Tracer system, check toensure that all connectors, coaxial cables, antennae and T1s areall properly connected; and that the system configuration ensuresproper transmit and receive levels for the RF equipment. Then, ifthe problem persists, follow the actions recommended in thissection. For further assistance, call ADTRAN Technical Supportat (800)␣ 726-8663.N O T EEach Tracer is completely system-tested and allspecifications verified prior to shipment. Most problemson a new link tend to have installation-related solutions,but in some cases, the equipment may be at fault.
PAGE 40 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99PROBLEM DESCRIPTIONS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONSEach problem described below is followed by a list of PossibleCauses, each of which is followed by a number (or numbers)corresponding to a Recommended Action (or Actions).I M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE FRONT PANEL INDICATORS“LINK ERROR” LIGHT IS LIT, OR LINK IS DOWNThis alarm will activate when the RF link is not operational.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The RF link is down. .................................................................... 1-10• The RX power is below the -91 dbm threshold. .................... 1-4,7-10• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmittinglow power ................................................................................ 1-4,7-10• The RF path is not aligned. ....................................................... 1,2,10• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 1,4• Both units are set to the same frequency. ..................................... 5,10• Both units are not set to the same PN code. ..................................... 6• The connection between the BBP and the RFCis faulty. ...................................................................................... 1,7-10• The connection between the RFC and theantenna is faulty. ........................................................................ 1,7-10• The BBP or RFC is faulty.................................................................. 10RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage.2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmitpower.3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages forproper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and checksystem path engineering.4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT-100 user interfaceor front panel button.6. Set both units to the same PN code.SECTION 4
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 414/12/997. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.9. Check the connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.10. Replace the RFC.“BPV” LIGHT ON T1-A OR B IS LITThis alarm will activate when the incoming T1 stream presentsBPVs.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The incoming T1 contains BPVs or errors. ....................................... 1• The line codes between DS1/DSX-1 equipmentand the Tracer are incompatible. ....................................................... 2RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the incoming DS1/DSX-1 signal for BPVs using a T1 test set.2. Correct the line code on the Tracer or DS1/DSX-1 equipment.RED LIGHT ON T1-A OR B IS LITThis alarm (Loss of Signal) will activate when there is no signalpresent at the T1 interface.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• No DS1/DSX-1 signal or a degraded DS1/DSX-1signal is present at the DS1/DSX-1 input. ...................................... 1,2• The connection at the T1 input or DS1/DSX-1equipment is faulty. ............................................................................ 2RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jackusing a T1 test set.2. Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired.TROUBLESHOOTINGI M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
PAGE 42 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99“LBK-A” OR “LBK-B” IS LITThis alarm will activate when a software or manual T1 loopbackhas been established.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• A loopback has been commanded from theVT-100 user interface. .................................................................... 1,2• The “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” button has been pressed........................ 1,2RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Through the VT-100 user interface, deactivate the loopback in theLoopback Menu.2. Press the “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” button to deactivate the loopback.“AIS/YEL” ON T1-A OR T1-B IS LITThe AIS/YEL light will flash for AIS when the DS1/DSX-1 inputreceives a “blue code” (a string of 2316 1s with no more than onezero). The indicator will remain on (solid) if a YEL signal is presenton the T1.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• For AIS, the DS1/DSX-1 equipment is sendinga “blue code” (all 1s) to the T1 input. ........................................... 1,2• For YEL, the received T1 is receiving a yellowsignal from the far-end T1, indicating the far-end T1 is RED. ................................................................................ 3-5RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Reset the T1 equipment and verify normal operation.2. Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jackusing a T1 test set.3. Check the far-end equipment for alarms or a red condition.4. Check the T1 connections at the far-end equipment.5. Reset the far-end equipment.SECTION 4I M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 434/12/99“AIS/YEL” INDICATOR IS FLASHINGThis alarm is activated when the T1 interface at the remote end isnot receiving a T1 signal (it is in Red alarm). In this circumstancethe interface with the flashing AIS/YEL indicator is transmittingan AIS (keep alive) signal.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• No DS1/DSX-1 signal or a degraded DS1/DSX-1signal is present at the DS1/DSX-1 input. ..................................... 1,2• The connection at the T1 input or DS1/DSX-1equipment is faulty. ............................................................................ 2RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jackusing a T1 test set.2. Verify that all cables and connectors are properly wired.NO “POWER” LIGHTRECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• DC voltage is not applied. ........................................................... 1,2,4• The polarity of the power connection is reversed............................. 2• The AC transformer is not functioning properly. .......................... 3,4• The AC transformer is not connected to the DCjack on the BBP, or not connected to AC outlet. ............................ 3,4RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Verify that the DC voltage is between 21-56 VDC (±).2. Verify that negative voltage is applied to the negative terminal, andpositive voltage applied to the positive terminal.3. Verify that the “Power” light is lit on the AC transformer.4. Verify that the AC transformer is connected to an AC power cordon the transformer, and connected to the DC jack on the BBP. Verifythat the AC power cord is connected to an AC outlet. Verify that theAC outlet has proper AC voltage present.TROUBLESHOOTINGI M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
PAGE 44 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99“TEST” LIGHT IS LIT OR BLINKINGThe test alarm will remain on (solid) during power-up, indicatinga self-test is in progress. The light will flash or remain on (solid) ifthe self-test fails.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• One-flash interval indicates a RAM test failure. ............................... 1• Two-flash interval indicates the T1-C mux failedinternal test. ....................................................................................... 1• Three-flash interval indicates the T1-A framer failed. ...................... 1• Four-flash interval indicates the T1-B framer failed. ........................ 1• Five-flash interval indicates a DSP failure......................................... 1• On (solid) indicates a faulty internal component. ............................ 1RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Replace the BBP or the RFC.“TST” LIGHT IS LIT AFTER PRESSING “REMOTE TEST” BUTTONThe Remote Test light will activate during a remote test in progress.The Remote Test performs a 10-second bit error rate test (BERT)over the RF link to the far-end.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• A Remote Test has been activated from the frontpanel “Remote Test” button or the VT-100 userinterface.............................................................................................. 1RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Allow the remote test to complete. If the Remote Test Fail light doesnot activate, the remote test passed. If the Remote Test Fail lightactivates, see section on FAIL light is lit after pressing Remote Testbutton.SECTION 4I M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 454/12/99“FAIL” LIGHT IS LIT AFTER PRESSING “REMOTE TEST” BUTTONThe Remote Fail light will activate after a Remote Test has failed.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The 10-second BERT has failed over the RF link tothe far-end. ......................................................................................... 1• The RX power may be below or near the -91 dbmthreshold. ........................................................................................... 1RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the RX power level using the VT-100 user interface or theRSSI DC voltage test points. Verify the RX power is between -55 &-91 dbm.“RF LOW” LIGHT IS ONThis alarm will activate if the RX power is below -80␣ dbm.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The RX power is below -80 dBm. ............................................. 1-5,7,8• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmitting lowpower. ........................................................................................ 2-5,7,8• The RF path is not aligned. ............................................................ 3,8• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 4,8RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Verify the RX power is between -55 & -91 dBm using the VT-100user interface or RSSI DC voltage test points.2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmitpower.3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages forproper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and checksystem path engineering.4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.5. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.6. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.7. Check the connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.8. Replace the RFC.TROUBLESHOOTINGI M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
PAGE 46 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99TROUBLESHOOTING USING THE VT-100 USER INTERFACEThis section provides information for troubleshooting the AlarmMenu on the VT-100 user interface. The conditions present in theAlarm Menu are software indications and should match the frontpanel LED indications.RED ALARMThis alarm will activate when there is no signal present at the T1interface. This alarm is the same as a RED alarm on the frontpanel.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• No DS1/DSX-1 signal or a degraded DS1/DSX-1signal is present at the DS1/DSX-1 input. ...................................... 1,2• The connection at the T1 input or DS1/DSX-1equipment is faulty. ............................................................................ 2RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jackusing a T1 test set.2. Verify that all cables and connectors are correctly wired.BPV ALARMThe BPV alarm will activate whenever the incoming T1 streampresents BPVs.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The incoming T1 contains BPVs or errors. ....................................... 1• The line codes between the DS1/DSX-1equipment and the Tracer are incompatible. .................................... 2SECTION 4I M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 474/12/99RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the incoming DS1/DSX-1 signal for BPVs using a T1 test set.2. Correct the line code on the Tracer or DS1/DSX-1 equipment.YEL/AIS ALARMThis alarm indicator will flash when a T1 Yellow alarm occurs.The indicator will remain on (solid) to indicator an AIS alarmwhen the DS1/DSX-1 is receiving a blue code (a string of 2316 1’swith no more than 1 zero).RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The DS1/DSX-1 equipment is sending a “blue code” (all 1’s)to the T1 input. ............................................................................... 1,2• The far-end equipment is in a red condition andtransmitting a yellow alarm. ........................................................... 3-5RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Reset the upstream equipment and verify normal operation.2. Verify the presence of a DS1/DSX-1 signal at the T1 monitor jackusing a T1 test set.3. Check the far-end equipment for alarms or a red condition.4. Check the T1 connections at the far-end equipment.5. Reset the far-end equipment.TROUBLESHOOTINGI M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
PAGE 48 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99RF LINK ALARM OR CODE SYNC ALARMThe RF Link Alarm will activate when the link is down or notoperational.The Code Sync Alarm will activate when data synchronizationhas not been achieved between the RF link.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The RF link is down. .................................................................... 1-10• The RX power is below the -91 dbm threshold. .................... 1-4,7-10• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmittinglow power. ............................................................................... 1-4,7-10• The RF path is not aligned. ....................................................... 1,3,10• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 1,4• Both units are set to the same frequency. ..................................... 5,10• Both units are not set to the same PN code. ..................................... 6• The connection between the BBP and the RFC isfaulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10• The connection between the RFC and the antenna isfaulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10• The BBP or RFC is faulty.................................................................. 10RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage.2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmitpower.3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages forproper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and checksystem path engineering.4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT-100 user interfaceor front panel button.6. Set both units to the same PN code.7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.9. Check connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.10. Replace the RFC.SECTION 4I M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 494/12/99CARRIER SYNC ALARM OR T1 MUX FRAMER ALARMThe Carrier Sync alarm will activate when frequencysynchronization has not been achieved between the RF link.The T1 Mux Framer alarm will activate when synchronizationbetween the T1 mux on each radio has not been achieved.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• The RF link is down. .................................................................... 1-10• The RX power is below the -91 dbm threshold. .................... 1-4,7-10• The far-end transmitter is off, or is transmittinglow power. ............................................................................... 1-4,7-10• The RF path is not aligned. ....................................................... 1,3,10• Water is in the antenna feedhorn or connectors. ........................... 1,4• Both units are set to the same frequency. ..................................... 5,10• Both units are not set to the same PN code. ..................................... 6• The connection between the BBP and the RFC isfaulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10• The connection between the RFC and the antenna isfaulty. .......................................................................................... 1,7-10• The BBP or RFC is faulty.................................................................. 10RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the RX power using the VT-100 user interface or RSSI voltage(refer to RSSI voltage chart)2. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmitpower.3. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages forproper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and checksystem path engineering.4. Check the antenna feedhorn and all outdoor connections for water.5. Change the frequency of one radio through the VT-100 user interfaceor front panel button.6. Set both units to the same PN code.7. Check all connections between the BBP, the RFC, and the antenna.8. Check the IF and RF cables for shorts.9. Check connections inside the mast-mount or rack-mount RFC.10. Replace the RFC.TROUBLESHOOTINGI M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
PAGE 50 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99ES VALUES IN T1 STATUS MENUThis value indicates the number of Errored Seconds in the T1data stream.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• In an AMI-coded T1, a BPV or frame bit error hasoccurred. ............................................................................................ 1• In an ESF-coded T1, a BPV or CRC error has occurred. .................. 1RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:1. Check the T1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin oferror.SES VALUES IN HISTORY MENUThis value indicates the number of Severely Errored Seconds inthe T1 data stream.RECOMMENDED ACTIONPOSSIBLE CAUSE (SEE LIST BELOW)• In an AMI-coded T1, 1544 BPVs or 8 frame bit errors haveoccurred. ............................................................................................ 1• In an ESF-coded T1, 1544 BPVs or 320 CRC errors haveoccurred. ............................................................................................ 1RECOMMENDED ACTION:1. Check the T1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin oferror.SECTION 4I M P O R T A N TIf problems persist after you have followed the RecommendedActions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (800) 726-8663.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 514/12/99SECTION 5 SPECIFICATIONSThis section lists the specifications for the Tracer system.TRANSMITTEROutput Power ............................. +20 dBm, maximumFrequency Range ........................ 2400 to 2483.5 MHzChannel Bandwidth ................... 40 MHz (two channels)I/F ............................................... 140 MHzRECEIVERReceive Level, range ................... -30 to -91 dBm (10-6 BER)Receive Level, maximum ........... -30 dBmReceive Level, nominal .............. -60 dBmAGC Range ................................. 61 dBmFREQUENCY PLANPlan A ......................................... Tx 2.422 GHz, Rx 2.462 GHzPlan B.......................................... Tx 2.462 GHz, Rx 2.422 GHzSPREAD SPECTRUM DATA PUMPModulation ................................. QPSKSpreading Method ...................... Direct sequenceCode Length ............................... 120 bitsProcessing Gain.......................... >12 dBNumber of Codes ....................... 10Chipping Rate ............................ 12 times
PAGE 52 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONSCapacity ...................................... 2 x T1Connection ................................. RJ-48C, bantamLine Code ................................... AMI, B8ZSFraming ...................................... SF, ESFAlarms ........................................ AIS, Red, Yellow, BPVsLoopbacks .................................. Local and remote, per T1channelUSER INTERFACEFront Panel ................................. Alarm LEDs, ConfigurationSwitches, Monitor JacksDiagnostics ................................. T1 Loopback, Remote Test withbuilt-in BERTTest Points .................................. RSSI, System Voltages, QPSKConstellationVT-100 Terminal......................... Menu-Driven User Interface,Control of the Remote End,Password Protected (Optional),Event HistoryVT-100 TERMINAL INTERFACEData Rate .................................... 9600 bpsData Bits ..................................... 8Parity .......................................... NoneStop Bits...................................... 1Terminal Emulation ................... VT-100MECHANICAL & ENVIRONMENTALBaseband ProcessorOperating Temperature .............. 0°C to 50°CSize ............................................. 19" x 1.75" x 11.5"Humidity .................................... 95%, Non-condensingWeight ........................................ 6 lbs.Rack RFCOperating Temperature .............. 0°C to 50°CSize ............................................. 19" x 1.75" x 11.5"Humidity .................................... 95%, Non-condensingWeight ........................................ 6 lbs.SECTION 5
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 534/12/99Mast UnitOperating Temperature .............. -40°C to 65°CSize ............................................. 21" high x 9" diameterHumidity .................................... 100%Weight ........................................ 18 lbs.POWERInput Voltage .............................. 21 to 56 volts DC, either polarityreferenced to groundPower Consumption .................. 30 wattsConnector................................... 3 pin DIN (AC adapter)3 pin screw clamp terminalblock (DC)SPECIFICATIONS
PAGE 54 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 554/12/99SECTION 6 WARRANTY, ORDERING ANDRETURN INFORMATIONWARRANTYAdtran will replace or repair this product within five years fromthe date of shipment if it does not meet its published specificationsor fails due to defects in materials and workmanship.For detailed warranty, repair, and return information, refer to theAdtran Equipment Warranty, Repair, and Return Policy andProcedure.SALESFor Tracer sales information, contact Adtran Sales at:(800) 827-0807REPAIRS AND RETURNSReturn Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returningequipment to Adtran.For RMA information, contact Adtran at:(205) 963-8722orAdtran, Inc.Customer Service DepartmentP.O. Box 140000901 Explorer BoulevardHuntsville, Alabama 35806-2807
PAGE 56 61280.003L1-1B4/12/99TECHNICAL SUPPORTStandard support hours are 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. CST, Monday throughFriday. Emergency technical support is available 24 hours a day,seven days a week.For technical support at any time, contact Adtran at:(800) 726-8663SECTION 6
61280.003L1-1B PAGE 574/12/99GLOSSARYACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUALAMI .............. Alternate Mark InversionB8ZS............. Bipolar 8 zero substitutionBER .............. Bit error rateBBP .............. Baseband ProcessorCRC ............. Cyclic Redundancy CheckDCE ............. Data Communications EquipmentDTE ............. Data Terminal EquipmentESF .............. Extended superframeFCC ............. Federal Communications CommissionFEC .............. Forward error correctionIF ................. Intermediate FrequencyISM .............. Industrial, Scientific, and MedicalLBK .............. LoopbackQPSK ........... Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRF ................ Radio frequencyRFC .............. Radio frequency converterRSSI ............. Received signal strength indicatorRx ................ ReceiveSF ................. SuperframeTx ................ Transmit
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61280.003L1-1B PAGE A - 1CABLE CONNECTIONS4/12/99APPENDIX A CABLE CONNECTIONSThe cable connections required for various configurations aredetailed below.TERMINAL CONNECTION (DB25)Tracer (DCE) Terminal (DTE)Number Name Number Name2 ............... TXD 2 ...............TXD3 ............... RXD 3 ...............RXD4 ................ RTS 4 ............... RTS5 ................ CTS 5 ............... CTS6 ................ DSR 6 ............... DSR7 ............. Ground 7 ............ GroundPERSONAL COMPUTER CONNECTION (DB9) Tracer (DCE) Computer (DTE)Number Name Number Name2 ............... TXD 3 ...............TXD3 ............... RXD 2 ...............RXD4 ................ RTS 7 ............... RTS5 ................ CTS 8 ............... CTS6 ................ DSR 6 ............... DSR7 ............. Ground 5 ............ Ground
PAGE A - 2 61280.003L1-1BAPPENDIX A4/12/99MODEM CONNECTION (DB25) Tracer (DCE) Modem (DCE)Number Name Number Name2 ............... TXD 3 ...............RXD3 ............... RXD 2 ...............TXD4 ................ RTS 5 ............... CTS5 ................ CTS 4 ............... RTS6 ................ DSR 20 .............. DTR7 ............. Ground 7 ............ Ground
61280.003L1-1B PAGE B - 1FCC REGULATIONS4/12/99APPENDIX B FCC REGULATIONS1. This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. Onthe bottom of this equipment is a label that contains, among otherinformation, the FCC Registration number for this equipment. Ifrequested, provide this information to your telephone company.2. Below is a list of all applicable registration jack USOCs (FacilityInterface Codes and Service Order Codes) for the equipment. Thisinformation is required when ordering service from the Telco.SERVICE SOC FIC USOCT1 6.0N 04DU9-BN, 04DU9-DN RJ-48C3. An FCC-compliant telephone cord and a modular plug areprovided for this equipment. This equipment is designed to beconnected to the telephone network or premises wiring using acompatible modular jack which is Part 68 compliant. SeeInstallation Instructions for details.4. If your telephone equipment (Tracer) causes harm to thetelephone network, the telephone company may discontinue yourservice temporarily. If possible, they will notify you in advance.But if advance notice is not practical, you will be notified as soonas possible. You will be advised of your right to file a complaintwith the FCC if you believe it is necessary.5. Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities,equipment, operations, or procedures that could affect the properoperation of your equipment. If they do, you will be given advancenotification so as to give you an opportunity to maintainuninterrupted service.6. If you experience trouble with this equipment (Tracer), pleasecontact Adtran at (205) 971-8000 for repair/warranty information.The telephone company may ask you to disconnect this equipmentfrom the network until the problem has been corrected, or untilyou are sure the equipment is not malfunctioning.7. This unit contains no user-serviceable parts.
PAGE B - 2 61280.003L1-1BAPPENDIX B4/12/998. This equipment may not be used on public coin serviceprovided by the telephone company. Connection to party lines issubject to state tariffs. (Contact your state public utilitycommission or corporation commission for information.)9. Connection of Private Communication Systems: Privatecommunication systems (microwave, etc.) may be directlyconnected to the network through the use of VP couplers; or tostation ports behind registered host systems. However, in the lattercase, Telco tariffs require that a signal power affidavit be filed withthe telephone company to assure that the system will not generateexcess signal power. The tariffs also require the privately-ownedcommunication system go immediately on hook in the event offailure.10. Affidavit requirements for connection to digital services:• An affidavit is required to be given to the telephone companywhen digital terminal equipment without encoded analogcontent and billing protection is used to transmit digitalsignals containing encoded analog content which areintended for eventual conversion into voice band analogsignals and transmitted on the network.• The affidavit shall affirm that either no encoded analogcontent or billing information is being transmitted or thatthe output of the device meets Part 68 encoded catalogcontent or billing protection specifications.• End user/customer will be responsible to file an affidavit withthe local exchange carrier when connecting unprotected CPEto a 1.544 Mbps or subrate digital services.• Until such time as subrate digital terminal equipment isregistered for voice applications, the affidavit requirementsfor subrate services is waived.
61280.003L1-1B PAGE B - 3FCC REGULATIONS4/12/99AFFIDAVIT FOR CONNECTION OF CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT TO1.544 MBPS AND/OR SUBRATE DIGITAL SERVICESFor the work to be performed in the certified territory of__________________________________________________________(TELCO NAME)State of ______________________________________________County of ____________________________________________I, _____________________________________________________(NAME)_________________________________________________________(BUSINESS ADDRESS)___________________________________ being duly sworn, state:(TELEPHONE NUMBER)I have responsibility for the operations and maintenance of theterminal equipment to be connected to 1.544 Mbps and/or subratedigital services. The terminal equipment to be connected complieswith Part 68 of the FCC rules except for the encoded analogcontent and billing protection specifications. With respect toencoded analog content and billing protection:[ ] I attest that all operations associated with the establishment,maintenance, and adjustment of the digital CPE with respect to analogcontent and encoded billing protections information continuouslycomplies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules and Regulations.[ ] The digital CPE does not transmit digital signals containing encodedanalog content or billing information which is intended to be decodedwithin the telecommunications network.[ ] The encoded analog content and billing protection is factory set andis not under the control of the customer.
PAGE B - 4 61280.003L1-1BAPPENDIX B4/12/99I attest that the operator(s)/maintainer(s) of the digital CPEresponsible for the establishment, maintenance, and adjustmentof the encoded analog content and billing information has (have)been trained to perform these functions by successfully havingcompleted one of the following (check appropriate blocks):[ ] A. A training course provided by the manufacturer/grantee of theequipment used to encode analog signals; or[ ] B. A training course provided by the customer or authorizedrepresentative, using training materials and instructions provided by themanufacturer/grantee of the equipment used to encode analog signals;or[ ] C. An independent training course (e.g., trade school or technicalinstitution) recognized by the manufacturer/grantee of the equipmentused to encode analog signals; or[ ] D. In lieu of the preceding training requirements, the operator(s)/maintainer(s) is (are) under the control of a supervisor trained inaccordance with (CIRCLE ONE) above.I agree to provide ________________________________________(TELCO NAME)with proper documentation to demonstrate compliance with theinformation as provided in the preceding paragraph, if sorequested.______________________________________________________(SIGNATURE)______________________________________________________(TITLE)______________________________________________________(DATE)Transcribed and sworn to before methis __________ day of _______________, ________________________________________________________________(NOTARY PUBLIC)My commission expires ___________________________________

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