AcSiP Technology AI7688H 802.11b/g/n IoT Module User Manual Technical
AcSiP Technology Corporation 802.11b/g/n IoT Module Technical
Technical-User Manual
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AI7688H User Manual
V.1
160407
An IOT Solution Company
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Copyright@2016 AcSiP
AI7688H User Manual
Revision History
Revision
V.1
Date
160407
Author
Kevin
Description
New Create
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Copyright@2016 AcSiP
AI7688H User Manual
Contents:
1. Introduction…………………………………………….……..4
2. Start AI7688H development …………………..……...5
3. Firmware and Bootloader…………...…………….......9
4. File Storage…………………………………………….……..19
5. Wi-Fi LED State…………………………………….…….….22
6. Network…………………………………………….………....24
7. AWS IoT…………………………………………….….…….…40
8. Peripheral………………………………………….…….…...43
9. C/C++ Programming………………………….…………..51
10. Using USB Webcam………………………………………58
11. Audio Playback and Recording…………..…………59
12. Federal Communication Commission Interference
Statement………………………………………………….….61
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1. Introduction
AI7688H integrates a 1T1R 802.11n Wi-Fi radio, a 575/580 MHz MIPSR 24KEcTM CPU, 1-port fast
Ethemet PHY,USB2.0 host,PCIe,SD-XC,I2S/PCM and multiple slow IOs.
AI7688H provides two operation modes – IoT gateway mode and IoT device mode.In IoT gateway
Mode, the PCIe Express interface can connect to 802.11ac chipset for 11ac dual-band concurrent
Gateway. The high performance USB 2.0 allows AI7688H to add 3G/LTE modem support or add a
H.264 ISP for wireless IP camera. For the IoT device mode, AI7688Hsupports eMMC , SD-XC and
USB2.0. AI7688H can support the WiFi high quality audio via 192kbps/24bits I2S interface and
VoIP application through PCM. In IoT device mode, it further supports PWM,SPI slave,3rd UART
and more GPIOs. For IoT gateway, it can connect to touch panel and BLE,Zigbee/Z-Wave and
sub-1G RF for smart home control.
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2. Start AI7688H development
2.1 Get S/W
# Download an SSH client (Windows only)
PuTTY provides Secure Socket Shell (SSH) access to the development board
operating system.
# Install Bonjour Print Service (For Windows 7 only)
The AI7688H development board uses mylinkit.local as its local domain. In
Windows7, you’ll need to installBonjour print service because mDNS is not
support.
This helps your computer discover the LinkIt Smart AI7688H’s IP address with
the local domain name. For Windows 8 and later, Mac OS X and Linux, mDNS is
supported and you can use mylinkit.local.
2.2 Power up AI7688H board
After bootup and Wi-Fi initialization completes, which takes about 30 seconds, the Wi-Fi
LED goes off.
This means the system is ready to accept Wi-Fi connection – now we can connect to it. Following
Figure shows how the Wi-Fi LED status matches the system state.
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2.3 Find the AI7688H AP and connect
2.4 Open http://mylinkit.local
If the board already has a password and you don’t have or lost it,
You have to press “Wi-Fi Reset button” for at least 20 seconds then Release.
Then you can configure your password again.
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2.5 Get system Info and Upgrade F/W
2.6 Go to OpwnWrt for advanced configuration
Enter your Password
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2.7 Access system console
For OS X and Linux:
# Open Terminal application
# At the command prompt type
# ssh root@mylinkit.local
Press return and enter the password you set previously in the Web UI
For Windows:
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3 Firmware and Bootloader
3.1 Flash F/W from USB drive
Download lates Firmware
Unzip it and copy the unzipped lks7688.img file to the root directory of a FAT32 USB Drive
Attach the USB drive to the HOST port of the board with an OTG cable.
Hold the WiFi button
Press the MPU reset button once while holding the WiFi button
Keep holding WiFi button about 5 seconds. Release WiFi button until the WiFi
LED becomes OFF.
orange
Do not press the Wi-Fi button for longer than 20s or it will upgrade the bootloader.
Wait while the WiFi LED blinks fast. This takes about 3 minutes.
The device will automatically reboot after firmware update completed.
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3.2 Update bootloader
USB drive must be in FAT file system or the file cannot be recognized by the AI7688H
development platform.
# Save the bootloader file (lks7688.ldr) in the root directory of a USB drive and name it
lks7688.ldr.
# Plug the USB drive to AI7688H.
# Press the WiFi and MPU (Reset) button at the same time, then release the MPU Reset
button but hold the WiFi button for at least 20 seconds.
# After 20 seconds Wi-Fi LED will turn on. Release WiFi button.
The board will start to read the bootloader (WiFi LED blinks fast) and perform the
bootloader upgrade process (Wi-Fi LED blinks slowly). It takes about 2 seconds to finish
the bootloader upgrade process
3.3 Build F/W from Source
The following operations are performed under a Ubuntu LTS 14.04.3 environment. For a
Windows or a Mac OS X host computer, you can install a VM for having the same
environment:
Install prerequisite packages for building the firmware:
$ sudo apt-get install git g++ libncurses5-dev subversion libssl-dev gawk
libxml-parser-perl unzip
Download OpenWrt CC source codes:
$ git clone git://git.openwrt.org/15.05/openwrt.git
Prepare the default configuration file for feeds:
$ cd openwrt
$ cp feeds.conf.default feeds.conf
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Add the AI7688H feed:
$ echo src-git linkit https://github.com/MediaTek-Labs/linkit-smart-7688-feed.git >>
feeds.conf
Update the feed information of all available packages for building the firmware:
$ ./scripts/feeds update
Install all packages:
$ ./scripts/feeds install -a
Prepare the kernel configuration to inform OpenWrt that we want to build an firmware for
AI7688H:
$ make menuconfig
Select the options as below:
Target System: Ralink RT288x/RT3xxx
Subtarget: AI7688H based boards
o Save and exit (use the deafult config file name without changing it)
Start the compilation process:
$ make V=99
After the build process completes, the resulted firmware file will be under
bin/ramips/openwrt-ramips-7688-LinkIt7688-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin. Depending on the
H/W resources of the host environment, the build process may take more than 2 hours.
You can use this file to do the firmware upgrade through the Web UI. Or rename it to
lks7688.img for upgrading through a USB drive
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3.4
Build Bootloader from Source
The following operations are performed under a Ubuntu LTS 14.04.3 environment. For a
Windows or a Mac OS X host computer, you can install a VM for having the same
environment:
Refer to Build_F/W_Source for installing all prerequisite packages.
Download the bootloader source codes:
$ git clone https://github.com/MediaTek-Labs/linkit-smart-uboot.git
Change to the source folder:
$ cd linkit-smart-uboot
Install the toolchain needed for building the bootloader:
$ sudo tar xjf buildroot-gcc342.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
Since the toolchain is provided in 32-bit executables, you need to install additional
packages for execution on a 64-bit machine:
$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386
Start the compilation process:
$ make
The resulted bootloader file is uboot.bin.
You can rename it to lks7688.ldr for upgrading the system bootloader through a USB
drive.
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3.5 Rebuild Existing Kernel Packages
# In the config menu, select the Kernel modules.
# Go to Filesystems and select the kmod-fs-ext4 as M (modularizes features). Note: other
kernel packages which kmod-fs-ext4 depends on will also be selected automatically.
# Follow the original build flow to continue the setup and save the configuration for the
firmware building process.
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# After the building process is complete, you can find the kernel packages
under bin/ramips/packages/base/ (if the package you built is not there, you can also
use find command to locate where it is)
# After the building process is complete, you can find the kernel packages
under bin/ramips/packages/base/ (if the package you built is not there, you can also
use find command to locate where it is).
# Copy all related kernel module packages to a USB drive.
Plug the USB drive to AI7688H and perform the opkg install command to install all
necessary kernel packages from the USB drive.
root@mylinkit:/tmp/run/mountd/sda1# opkg install kmod*.ipk
Installing kmod-crypto-core (3.18.23-1) to root...
Installing kmod-crypto-hash (3.18.23-1) to root...
Installing kmod-fs-ext4 (3.18.23-1) to root...
Installing kmod-lib-crc16 (3.18.23-1) to root..
Package kmod-lib-crc16 (3.18.23-1) installed in root is up to date.
Configuring kmod-crypto-core.
Configuring kmod-crypto-hash.
Configuring kmod-lib-crc16.
Configuring kmod-fs-ext4.
Note: if you simply install the kmod-fs-ext4, an error will occur like
root@mylinkit:/tmp/run/mountd/sda1# opkg install
kmod-fs-ext4_3.18.23-1_ramips_24kec.ipk
Installing kmod-fs-ext4 (3.18.23-1) to root...
Collected errors:
* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-fs-ext4:
kmod-lib-crc16 *
kmod-crypto-hash *
* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-fs-ext4.
From these information, we can know what additional kernel packages are also needed
for kmod-fs-ext4 under bin/ramips/packages/base/ in Step 5
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3.6
Bootloader and Kernel Console
The Bootloader console and Linux kernel console are configured to serial port
UART2(UART_TXD2 and UART_RXD2) at baudrate 57600
[04060C0F][04060C0C]
DDR Calibration DQS reg = 0000898A
U-Boot 1.1.3 (Sep 10 2015 - 05:56:31)
Board: Ralink APSoC DRAM: 128 MB
relocate_code Pointer at: 87f68000
flash manufacture id: c2, device id 20 19
find flash: MX25L25635E
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
============================================
Ralink UBoot Version: 4.3.0.0
-------------------------------------------ASIC 7628_MP (Port5<->None)
DRAM component: 1024 Mbits DDR, width 16
DRAM bus: 16 bit
Total memory: 128 MBytes
Flash component: SPI Flash
Date:Sep 10 2015 Time:05:56:31
============================================
icache: sets:512, ways:4, linesz:32 ,total:65536
dcache: sets:256, ways:4, linesz:32 ,total:32768
##### The CPU freq = 580 MHZ ####
estimate memory size =128 Mbytes
RESET MT7628 PHY!!!!!!
GPIOMODE --> 50054404
GPIOMODE2 --> 5540551
Please choose the operation:
1: Load system code to SDRAM via TFTP.
2: Load system code then write to Flash via TFTP.
3: Boot system code via Flash (default).
4: Entr boot command line interface.
7: Load Boot Loader code then write to Flash via Serial.
9: Load Boot Loader code then write to Flash via TFTP.
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There is about 1 second for you to choose from the bootloader menu. If there is no user
input, the bootloader continues into Linux kernel bootup:
3: System Boot system code via Flash.
## Booting image at bc050000 ...
Image Name: MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.18.21
Image Type: MIPS Linux Kernel Image (lzma compressed)
Data Size:
1118412 Bytes = 1.1 MB
Load Address: 80000000
Entry Point: 80000000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
No initrd
## Transferring control to Linux (at address 80000000) ...
## Giving linux memsize in MB, 128
Starting kernel ...
0.000000] Linux version 3.18.21 (root@builder1) (gcc version 4.8.3 (OpenWrt/Linaro
GCC 4.8-2014.04 r47269) ) #7 Sat Nov 7 14:50:53 CET 2015
0.000000] Board has DDR2
0.000000] Analog PMU set to hw control
0.000000] Digital PMU set to hw control
0.000000] SoC Type:
0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 00019655 (MIPS 24KEc)
0.000000] MIPS:
0.000000] Determined physical RAM map:
0.000000] memory: 08000000 @ 00000000 (usable)
At this point you can press ENTER to gain access to the Linux kernel console
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3.7 Change bootloader Console
If you want to use another UART port as the bootloader console, you need to modify the
bootloader.
# Get bootloader source code
# modify the file board/rt2880/serial.h
/*
* UART registers
*/
#if defined (MT7621_FPGA_BOARD) || defined (MT7621_ASIC_BOARD) || defined
(MT7628_FPGA_BOARD) || defined (MT7628_ASIC_BOARD)
#define RT2880_UART1
0x0C00 /* UART Lite */
#define RT2880_UART2
0x0D00 /* UART Lite */
#define RT2880_UART3
0x0E00 /* UART Lite */
//#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
RT2880_UART1
#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
RT2880_UART3
#else
#define RT2880_UART1
0x0500
#define RT2880_UART2
0x0C00 /* UART Lite */
#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
RT2880_UART2
#endif
and modify the CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE configuration.
Note that in bootloader code, RT2880_UART1 refers to UART0(UART_TXD0/UART_TXR0)
and so on. So modify the following modification:
Change this:
//#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
RT2880_UART1
RT2880_UART3
to this:
#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
//#define CFG_RT2880_CONSOLE
RT2880_UART1
RT2880_UART3
This changes the bootloader console from UART2 to UART0.
if you also want to change the baudrate, please modify the file include/configs/rt2880.h
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#define SERIAL_CLOCK_DIVISOR 16
#define CONFIG_BOOTDELAY
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE
57600
#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 10.10.10.3
#define CONFIG_IPADDR 10.10.10.123
/* autoboot after 5 seconds
*/
Change this:
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE
57600
to this (change the baudrate from 57600 to 115200 as an example):
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE
115200
This will then change the bootloader console baudrate from 57600 to 115200
3.8
Now build the bootloader and upload it to the board
Change Kernel Console
If you want to use another UART port as the kernel console, you can follow the steps below
to adjust the configuration.
# modify the file target/linux/ramips/dts/LINKIT7688.dts and chang
chosen {
bootargs = "console=ttyS2,57600";
};
to this (e.g. change to UART0 and 115200 baudrate):
chosen {
bootargs = "console=ttyS0,115200";
};
This will then change the kernel console from UART2 to UART0 and its baudrate from 57600
to 115200.
Now build the firmware and upload it to the board through the Web UI or the USB drive.
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4 File Storage
4.1 USB Drive and SD Card
When a USB drive or SD card is inserted into AI7688H, they can be accessed under /Media/SD* or
/Media/USB* (The device name displayed varies depending on the number of drives you use and
the number of partitions available on the USB drive or SD card).
You can use the following commands to check the contents of the USB drive and SD card:
•
•
•
•
In this example, a USB drive named USB-A1 is used:
# ls /Media/USB-A1
In this example, a SD card named SD-P1 is used:
# ls /Media/SD-P1
4.2 How to mount the root FS on a SD card
The on-board flash is a raw flash. It is with limited write cycles (about 100,000 times) and without
wear leveling mechanism and atomic write operation. So it is not recommended to write user
data to the on-board flash frequently. Besides, its storage is also limited to 32MB, the spare space
might not be sufficient for storing lots of user data and software packages. As a result, it is
recommended to mount the root FS on a SD card for getting more and reliable storage.
Steps:
Below are the steps for making this work. For details, please refer to the OpenWrt WiKi for
extroot. Note: the procedure below assumes there is only one partition on the SD card. If there
are multiple partitions on the SD card, you can use fdisk command to manage partition settings.
1. Insert a microSD card into the AI7688H device. Warning: all the data on the SD card will be
erased in the following steps.
2. Make sure the device is under Station mode for accessing internet.
3. Open the system console of the AI7688H.
4. Type the following commands for installing related packages:
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5. Format the SD card. ext4 file system will be used in this example:
During the formatting process, it'll prompt a confirmation: Proceed anyway? (y,n). Press "y" to
continue.+
6. Duplicate current root FS and move it to the SD card:
7. Create a fstab template:
8. Open the fstab configuration (use vi as the editor in this example):
9. In the 'mount' config section, change+
the target option to '/overlay'
the enabled option to '1' +
Then the config file will look like:
(In vi, by pressing the "i" key for entering the editing mode)+
10. Save and exit the configuration file (press "Esc" key and type ":x". Then press "Enter" in vi for
saving the file).
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11. Reboot the platform. Done.
Check if the setup takes effect:
We can use the "df -h" command to check if the root FS is mounted successfully.
When the root FS is on the on-board flash, we can see rootfs only has 11MB storage space left:
After mounting the root FS on the SD card, we can see the spare space of rootfs increases:
In this example, a 8GB SD card is used and the rootfs now becomes 7.2GB in size.
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5 Wi-Fi LED State
After powerring up or resetting the device, the Wi-Fi LED will first blink once to indicate the
bootloader is in initialization process. Following the bootloader initialization, which takes about
4 seconds, the Linux kernel is loaded and starts the bootup process. When the Linux is booting up,
the Wi-Fi LED will light on steadily.It takes about 30 seconds for the Linux kernel to initialize
subsystems.
Once the Linux completes the boot-up process and the Wi-Fi subsystem is ready, the LED switches
off.The LED will have different behaviors according to different Wi-Fi configuration. AI7688H can
operate under 2 different modes, the AP (Access Point) mode and the Station mode. The AP
mode forms a Wi-Fi network that allows your computer to join, and the station mode allows
AI7688H to join other Wi-Fi network formed by other Wi-Fi access points.+
In AP mode
There are 2 Wi-Fi LED states in AP mode:
1. LED is off. It means no client device is connected to AI7688H.
2. LED blinks 3 times per second and pauses 0.5 seconds, and repeats the pattern. This indicates
there is at least 1 client device connected to AI7688H.
In Station mode
There are 3 Wi-Fi LED states in Station mode:
1. LED is off. AI7688H failed to connect to a wireless router and is timed-out.
2. LED blinks twice per second continuously. It indicates AI7688H is connecting to a wireless
router.
3. LED blinks according to data transmission. AI7688H has connected to a wireless router and
the Wi-Fi LED will blink as data is transmitting.
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The Wi-Fi LED state is an important indicator for troubleshooting network configuration issues here's a list of common errors and how to fix them.
LED state
After switching to Station
mode, the Wi-Fi LED keeps
blinking twice per second,
then switches off
Problem
Fixes
It has failed to join
the Wi-Fi network
you assigned
The bootloader is
After resetting device, the
corrupted or the
Wi-Fi LED doesn’t blink at all on-board flash is
damaged
Wi-Fi LED lights up (doesn’t
switch off)
Wi-Fi LED blinks once after
reset, but does not light up
Press the Wi-Fi button for at least 5
seconds and release to restore the Wi-Fi
mode to AP. Re-connect and re-configure
the Wi-Fi settings accordingly.
The device is bricked. You need to
re-program the flash using an external
hardware flash programmer.
This is usually caused by a damaged
system image or corrupted Wi-Fi driver.
You can resolve this by upgrading the
firmware usinga USB drive. Please
Linux has failed to
initialize properly
It failed to load Linux This is usually caused by a damaged
kernel
system image. You can resolve this by
upgrading the firmware usinga USB drive.
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6 Network
6.1 Reset Wi-Fi Configuration
You can reset Wi-Fi configuration back to AP mode by press and hold WiFi button for at least 5
seconds. Note that you must release the button before 20 seconds, otherwise Factory Reset will
be performed instead This can be useful when you set an incorrect password to the Station mode,
or when you need to re-configure Wi-Fi settings.
Note: if AI7688H is already in AP mode, this operation takes no effect
6.2 Switch to Station mode
Step1: Type UCI commands to assign SSID, key, and encryption information for running Station
mode
Assume the wireless router to be connected is with the following properties:
•
•
•
SSID: SampleAP
Password: 12345678
Encryption: WPA2 Personal
In the system console of AI7688H, type the following commands:
# uci set wireless.sta.ssid=SampleAP
# uci set wireless.sta.key=12345678
# uci set wireless.sta.encryption=psk2
# uci set wireless.sta.disabled=0
# uci commit
Step 2: Restart the Wi-Fi driver for activating the configuration
Type the command in the system console:
# wifi
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Notice: if you use SSH to connect to the system console of AI7688H, you'll lose the connection
once the wifi command is set. Because this command will restart the Wi-Fi driver. After the Wi-Fi
restarts, connect your PC to the same wireless router as AI7688H did. Then you can connect to
AI7688H with mylinkit.local by SSH again.
You can also refer to the LED behavior to check the states of the connection in Station mode.
Step 3: Check for Internet connection
Now we can check if you’ve established Internet connection by typing the following command in
the system console:
# ping –c 5 www.mediatek.com
6.3
Switch to AP mode
Step1: type UCI command to disable Station mode
type the following commands in the system console
# uci set wireless.sta.disabled=1
# uci commit
Step 2: restart the Wi-Fi driver
type the command in the console:
# wifi
After the Wi-Fi driver restarts, the PC should be able to scan the AI7688H AP as shown in the
video of the Reset Wi-Fi Configuration section. Also the Wi-Fi status can be checked through
the LED behavior.
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6.4
Setup Wireless Router
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6.5 Change Wi-Fi AP SSID with USB Drive
Step 1: Create lks7688.cfg file
Create an ASCII text file named lks7688.cfg with following content:
wifi_ssid=THE_AP_SSID
wifi_key=THE_AP_PASSWORD
Change THE_AP_SSID to the AP name you want, and change THE_AP_PASSWORD to the
password you want. Save this file to the root directory of a USB drive formatted in FAT32 file
system format.+
Step 2: Attach the USB Drive to the board
Plug an OTG cable to the HOST port, and attach the USB drive to the OTG cable. Reboot and the
AP name will change according to the file. Use THE_AP_PASSWORD you assigned to log-in into
the AP.
Step 3: Reset and press WiFi button
•
Hold the WiFi button
• Press MPU reset button once
• Release the WiFi button after the WiFi LED light up
Note that if you hold the WiFi button longer than 5 seconds, it registers as firmware update
instead. So make sure you release the WiFi button shortly after Wi-Fi LED light up.
After those 3 steps, the system will then boot up with the SSID and password specified for
bringing up the Wi-Fi.
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6.6 Copying Files To the Board
# Using SCP
SCP in OS X and Linux
scp command line tool should be already installed and ready to use. If it is not installed, you can
use package managers such as MacPorts or Homebrew to install it. To use SCP, open the
Terminal and issue following command:
scp ./helloworld root@mylinkit.local:/example/helloworld
In the above example, a file named helloworld from the current directory is copied to the path
/example/helloworld in AI7688H. The SCP tool will instruct you to enter the Password of root
account.
Using SCP to copy files in Windows
You can download tools that support SCP protocol. WinSCP is used in this guide. It provides both
GUI and command line interfaces.
To use command line interface, type the following command in the Windows command line
console:
winscp.com –hostkey="*" scp://root@myLinkt.local helloworld.py
This copies the helloworld.py file to the home directory of the root account.
Note that by default it requires user to explicitly designate the host key of remote server, so we
need to explicitly allow unknown host key by adding the -hostkey="*" parameter.
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To use GUI,
# start WinSCP program, select SCP for file protocol, enter mylinkit.local in the host name box,
root for user name and the password you set in Web UI:
# Click Yes when you see a warning window about Continue connecting to an unknown server
and add its host key to a cache?.+
# Locate the file you want to transfer on the left pane (your computer) and drag it to the right ,
as shown below:
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# After you’ve dragged the file, an Upload window will appear asking you to confirm the
upload. Click OK to copy the file.
Using Samba
Samba is a networking tool that is built-in AI7688H and provides a file sharing service on the
device for file transfer. In the example below you’ll learn how to use UCI command to share a
directory and set appropriate access permission for this directory.
UCI Configuration
This example shares a /IoT directory.
Change the shared folder path to /IoT. In AI7688H console, type the following command:
# uci set samba.media.path='/IoT'
Name the shared folder MySharedFolder:
# uci set samba.media.name='MySharedFolder'
Change the permission of the shared folder to make it readable and writable:
# chmod o+rwx /IoT
Save the UCI settings and reboot the AI7688H platform:
# uci commit
# reboot
After AI7688H reboots and is connected to the same local network as your computer, you are
ready to use the Samba transfer tool. Check the steps according to your operating system
below.
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Access Samba in Windows
Open file explorer and type \\mylinkit.local, you should see the MySharedFolder. Open
another file explorer, drag and drop your file to MySharedFolder, as shown below:
Access Samba in OS X
The steps to transfer files using Samba in Mac are as follows:
Open Finder and in the menu click Go > Connect to server
In the server address field, type smb://mylinkit.local and click Connect
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Connect as guest:
Check Finder and you’ll see MySharedFoloder. You can now transfer files in this folder.
6.7 iwpriv Commands
# Access Point Scanning
-> Use set SiteSurvey = 1 to enable access point scanning. Note that it takes a while to scan
nearby APs.
-> Use get_site_survey ra0 to collect scan results
Example
root@myLinkIt:/# iwpriv ra0 set SiteSurvey=1
root@myLinkIt:/# sleep 5
root@myLinkIt:/# iwpriv ra0 get_site_survey ra0
Example output:
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6.8 MAC Address Rules for MBSSID
The rules of MAC address adjustment for those virtual interfaces are:
1. Modify the 2nd bit of the most significant byte in the MAC address to 1 to make it
as a locally administered MAC address.
2. Apply a MAC mask and add number for enumerating each interface.
The above two rules can be described as:
virtual_mac[i] = ((original_mac | 0x02 00 00 00 00 00) & mac_mask) + (i << 20)
And the mac_mask is defined as
* If BssidNum <= 2, mac_mask = 0xff ff ff ef ff ff
* If BssidNum <= 4, mac_mask = 0xff ff ff cf ff ff
* If BssidNum <= 8, mac_mask = 0xff ff ff 8f ff ff
* If BssidNum <= 16, mac_mask = 0xff ff ff 0f ff ff
For example, if the original MAC is 9C:65:F9:1B:13:62 and the current BssidNum is set to 4,
then the newly virtualized MAC address for Station mode will be:
1.
2.
3.
Apply the locally administered bit => 9E:65:F9:1B:13:62.
Apply mask => 9E:65:F9:0B:13:62.
We only need 1 interface for Station mode, so i = 0, and this makes 9E:65:F9:0B:13:62
+ (0 << 20) = 9E:65:F9:0B:13:62.
As a result, the burned-in MAC address for AP mode (9C:65:F9:1B:13:62) will then become
9E:65:F9:0B:13:62 when it's in Station mode.
6.9 Using the Wi-Fi Dongle
AI7688H can be used as a wireless Wi-Fi router – not just for providing an Ethernet port
for Internet connection (by using a breakout board), but to provide a second Wi-Fi
interface – by using a Wi-Fi dongle (the original on-board Wi-Fi is used for the AP
connection between devices and AI7688H).This section walks you through how to install
related packages and set up system configurations for using a Wi-Fi dongle for providing
Internet connectivity on the AI7688H in AP mode. An EDIMAX Wi-Fi dongle (with Ralink
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Wi-Fi chipset) is used in the following example, but the process is similar if you’re using a
different Wi-Fi dongle.
Before you start to install related packages to enable the Wi-Fi dongle, it’s recommended
to install a package called usbutils that provides information on the Wi-Fi dongle. To
install usbutils, you need to configure the AI7688H to the Station mode first and then
execute the opkg update:
and opkg install usbutils commands to install the utility:
After the utility is installed, you’ll need to install the driver package for the Wi-Fi dongle.
Insert the Wi-Fi dongle into the USB port of the AI7688H and type the command lsusb to
see the product information of the dongle:
You’ll see the Wi-Fi dongle is based on Ralink RT2870 Wi-Fi chipset from the output of
the lsusb command. This information is important to identify the correct driver to be
installed. Next, type the opkg list | grep Ralink command and you’ll see all available
packages related to Ralink, as shown below:
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From the available packages you’re able to identify the driver needed which is
the kmod-rt2800-usb package (One that applies to RT2870 USB device). So type the opkg
install kmod-rt2800-usb command to install the related driver:
After the installation process is done, switch AI7688H back to the AP mode and execute
the reboot command. After the reboot process is done, open and edit
the /etc/config/wireless file to configure the network setup. At the end of the file, you’ll
see configuration for radio1 (the Wi-Fi dongle), as shown below:
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Next, you’ll do the network setup for the Wi-Fi dongle by applying the modifications as
shown below to make AI7688H connect to an existing AP which is connected to the
Internet (assuming the AP name is the_test_ap, and its encryption mode is psk2 with
password 12345678):
Save this file and exit, then type the wifi command to restart the Wi-Fi interfaces. During
the Wi-Fi interface restarting process, you might see errors similar to the one shown:
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If you see the error, please type the wifi command again to re-activate the W-Fi interfaces
until there is no such error and you see a messages similar to below:
If you see the above message, it means the interface is activated successfully. Note that at
this point, you’ve not yet connected to the the_test_ap AP for the Internet connection.
From the above message, you can see the MAC address of the AP to connect
(it’s f0:56:76:88:9e:e8). Open the /etc/config/wireless file again and add one line for
the radio1 for the BSSID property as below:
Save and exit the file. Type the wifi command to connect to the the_test_ap again. At this
point, you can test for Internet connection by using the ping -c 5 www.mediatek.com
command. If you see a message similar to below:
You have now successfully configured the Wi-Fi dongle and established the Internet
connection for the AI7688H AP.
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6.10 Query IP / MAC with the Wi-Fi button
With firmware v0.9.3 and above, you can use the Wi-Fi botton to query the IP / MAC
address through the UART0 port.
Note: the baudrate of the UART0 is 9,600. Please configure the serial monitor software
correctly to see the output from this UART port.+
The behavior of this function is: when AI7688H is under AP mode, by pressing the button
will output the MAC address information to the UART0 port. And when the platform is
under Station mode, its IP address will be outputted to the UART port when the Wi-Fi
button is pressed. If you watch the output on the UART0, you will see the output as below.
Under AP mode, the MAC address is printed:
AP MAC address: f0:56:76:88:9e:e8
Under Station mode, the IP address is printed:+
Device IP address: 192.168.2.3
For AI7688H users, you may need to do some wiring connections to listen to the data on
the UART0 port. This sketch can help pass through the UART0 message to the Arduino
serial output.
After uploading this sketch to the board, open Tools/Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE
and set the baudrate to 115,200. Then you should be able to see the messages while
pressing the Wi-Fi button.
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7 AWS IoT
AWS IoT is a managed cloud service on AWS cloud.You can use AWS IoT Device SDK to
write programs running on AI7688H connects to AWS IoT.
It provides 2 different SDKs, and their compatibility with AI7688H is shown below:
AWS IoT SDK for JavaScript , Embedded C
Environment Setup
To run the SDK examples you'll need an AWS account and optionally AWS CLI(Command
Line Interface)
Use an SD card to expand the root file system. This is because AWS CLI and device SDK
takes considerable amount of disk spaces.
Sign-up an AWS account
Install AWS CLI. You can install the CLI on AI7688H directly with pip install awscli or use
your PC to install it.
Generates certificates required by the examples by following the instructions in AWS IoT
Device SDK.
Copy the certificates, private key, and root-CA file to AI7688H to ~/certs directory. You
can follow the instructions here to copy files.
AWS IoT SDK for JavaScript
Simply follow the npm installation steps:
Note that there will be two missing optional dependencies utf-8-validate@1.2.1 and
bufferutil@1.2.1 - this can be ignored.
Make sure you have copied proper certification files to ~/certs directory before running
the examples.
Then you should be able to run the examples from the SDK:
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AWS IoT Embedded-C SDK
Requirements
You'll need a computer running OS X or Ubuntu Linux. This is because you need the cross
compilation toolchain to use the AWS IoT C SDK.
Building and Running SDK Examples
Follow the steps below to know how to build the example applications.
1. Download and setup the cross-compilation tools (OpenWrt SDK) . Make sure you can build
and deploy a helloworld example without problem.
2. Locate the path to the cross compilation toolchain. If you extract the OpenWrt SDK in path
WRT_SDK, the toolchain is in
3. Download the AWS IoT Embedded-C SDK. There are 2 versions. In this example we download
the mbedTLS from ARM version.
4. Extract the downloaded AWS IoT SDK, in this example we use the path AWS_SDK.
5. Use your AWS IoT Console, choose "Connect a device" to generate certification files.
Download and store the certification files to AWS_SDK/certs directory.
6. Navigate the the subscribe_publish_sample sample application directory:
7. Copy the resulting configuration text to aws_iot_config.h, it will look similar to this:
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8. Modify the Makefile of the sample application. Open the Makefile and find the following line
in the beginning of the file:
remove the line and modify it to use the cross compilation toolchain:
9. Type make to start building the sample application. It will build an executable file
subscribe_publish_sample.
10. Make sure the board is connected to the internet and is in the same network as your
computer. Now we copy the certificationfiles and the sample application to the board:
11. Then we can execute the sample application on the board. First we log into the console:
after login to the console, run the example:
12. You should see the following output, which is repeatedly printed:
You can press ctrl-c to stop the execution.
Now you can build other sample applications as well. You need to modify the Makefile and
aws_iot_config.h for each sample application as described in step 7 and 8 above.
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8 Peripheral
8.1 How to switch the Pin Mux
From the hardware aspect, AI7688H board handles all the Wi-Fi communication, USB
device control, SD card access and sensor connection.
Related software stacks are provided for developers to access the sensors attached to the
AI7688H.UPM is the repository for sensor drivers written in libmraa and it provides API
bindings for Python, Node.js and C languages. So it’s convenient for developers to use UPM
to access peripheral sensors and modules with the programming language that they
preferred.
AI7688H has built-in UPM support. The detailed support list of sensors in UPM can be found
in the UPM project page.
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8.2 Basic Concepts of MRAA
Libmraa is a C/C++ library to interface with the peripheral on AI7688H. Libmraa is
pre-installed in the system image of AI7688H and supports C++, Python and Node.js
bindings.
Installing MRAA:
Libmraa is already installed in the system image of AI7688H, so you don't need to install it
again.
Basic Concepts :
The majority of hardware modules such as GPIO, UART, SPI, and PWM are represented as
objects created by mraa's factory function.
These modules are initialized on certain pins that are identified by pin numbers.
The pin numbers in the libmraa on AI7688H are identical to the GPIO number in the data
sheet and in the Linux GPIO subsystem. The following Python example creates GPIO object
on GPIO 2:
This maps to P10 of AI7688H and it’s the IS2_WS pin in data sheet, as shown in table below.
8.3 Using MRAA in Python
To use libmraa in Python, you need to import it. In the below example, libmraa is imported
and the output is the build version of the mraa:
GPIO and Interupts
To control GPIO pins, initialize the pin as GPIO pin and set its mode. The simplest operation
mode is OUTPUT - set the pin to HIGH or LOW to enable and disable external switches or to
form signal patterns.
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Then, call pin.write(0) to set the pin state to LOW or call pin.write(1) to set the pin state
to HIGH. To make the Wi-Fi LED blink periodically, set pin 44 (WLED_N) to GPIO mode and
execute the following code
There’s another GPIO mode which is INPUT. It takes the digital signal input from the pin and
interprets it into 1 and 0. This example will continuously print out the value received from
P10 on the board. You can short 3V3 and P10 to observe the change in values
Finally, an interrupt service routine can be installed to the pin and invoked when the values
of the input pin P10 (GPIO2) has changed. Call isr API with the trigger type you want to
register and the function to be called. Note that the function runs in a different thread.
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PWM
Use PWM module to generate a pulse width modulated signal pattern.
This is useful to control actuator peripherals such as servo motors. To use PWM, initialize it
on a certain pin such as GPIO. Note that only GPIO18, GPIO19, GPIO20, GPIO21 supports
PWM on AI7688H. To control the PWM pattern, several parameters are required, including:
Period
This defines the carrier frequency of the modulation. It’s controlled by period, period_ms
and period_us APIs.
Duty Cycle or Pulse Width
These two parameters are related to each other and usually you only need to set one of
them.Duty cycle is controlled by write API with a value range between 0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0
is 0% of duty cycle and 1.0 is 100% of duty cycle.
Pulse width also defines the pattern in a different unit: the "uptime" of the signal in time
units.
This is defined by pulsewidth, pulsewidth_ms, and pulsewidth_us APIs.
The following example generates a 500Hz PWM signal with 25% duty cycle on pin P26.
I2C
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a widely used protocol among peripherals. It consists of 2
signal pins - usually named SDA and SCL. AI7688H comes with 1 set of I2C on GPIO4(P21)
and GPIO5(P20) as SCL and SDA respectively. The way I2Cs are initialized is slightly different
from GPIO modules - instead of using pins, I2Cs are initialized according to its device index.
Since there is only 1 set of I2C master device on AI7688H, you can simply pass 0 - and it is
always on pin GPIO4 and GPIO5.
I2C is capable of connecting multiple slave devices to a single I2C master. Each slave device
is identified by a 7-bit address.
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SPI
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) can also be used to control peripheral devices.
AI7688H it consists of 4 pins: SPI_MOSI(P22), SPI_MISO(P23), SPI_CLK(P24), SPI_CS1(P25).
It’s important to note that the SPI device is also used for communicating with the internal
flash storage on the board.
Therefore, developers should access the SPI functionality through SPI modules only and
avoid treating these SPI pins as general GPIO. Otherwise, the flash storage may work
incorrectly.
The SPI module in libmraa is initialized by device index, instead of pin number:
8.4 Using UPM in Python
UPM is an open source sensor and peripheral driver repository based on libmraa APIs.
Among the popular sensor drivers such as I2C accelerometers and many others are
available from this repository.
AI7688H system image is pre-installed with UPM and you can start programming on
existing sensors immediately – but if the default implementation is not available, you can
use opkg package manager to update the UPM library.
UPM comes with bindings in C++, Python and Node.js. Let’s get started with an example
where you’ll learn how to use UPM and Python to receive values from an I2C accelerometer
– a Grove 3-Axis Digital Accelerometer (±16g).
#Connect the accelerometer to your board. If you have the breakout board, you can attach
it to the I2C grove interface. If not, you can also connect the pins from the accelerometer to
the corresponding pins GND, 3V3, SDA(P20) and SCL(P21) on AI7688H.
#Import pyupm_adxl345 module from the UPM repository in your program, you’ll do this in
the next step. This module is used because the Grove 3-Axis Digital Accelerometer (±16g)
uses the ADXL345 chipset.
#Create a Python script adxl.py with following content
Execute the Python script in system console by typing the following command:
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8.5 Using MRAA in node.js
libmraa comes with node.js bindings - so you can use it in node.js applications.
This example shows how to control the LED light with libmraa and node.js.
Installing MRAA
Libmraa and its Nodejs bindings are already installed in the system image of AI7688H,
so you don't need to install it again.
Controlling LED with MRAA in Node.js
Our first tutorial is controlling the LED with a simple node.js program.
Steps
• Gain access to system console
• Create a nodejs app:
•
Create a app.js file with following content:
•
Execute the application:
The WiFi LED (orange) should now start to blink every second.
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8.6 Controlling PWM with MRAA on AI7688H
Configure PWM pin:
To use PWM, initialize it on a certain pin such as GPIO. Note that
only GPIO18, GPIO19, GPIO20, GPIO21 supports PWM on AI7688H. So the first step is to
create a Pwm object by assigning the desired GPIO number.
Period
This defines the carrier frequency of the modulation. It’s controlled by period, period_ms
and period_us APIs, for example:
Duty Cycle and Pulse Width
These two parameters are related to each other and usually you only need to set one of
them. Duty cycle is controlled by write API with a value range between 0.0 to 1.0, where
0.0 is 0% of duty cycle and 1.0 is 100% of duty cycle. Pulse width also defines the pattern
in a different unit: the "uptime" of the signal in time units. This is defined
by pulsewidth, pulsewidth_ms, and pulsewidth_us APIs.
The following example generates a 500Hz PWM signal with 25% duty cycle on
pin P27(GPIO19)
You can also use config_percent to directly assign period and duty cycle:
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Enable Output
After configuration you can enable the PWM output by calling enable(true):
Control a Servo
You can use PWM signal to control a servo. A pulse width of 1500us means the neutral
position, while usually 1000ms and 2000ms being the minimum and maximum position.
So the following code resets the servo motor to neutral position:
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9 C/C++ Programming
9.1 Building C/C++ Programs with OpenWrt SDK
Building C/C++ binaries for AI7688H requires cross-compilation. We provide an OpenWrt
SDK. Follow these steps to build an example C/C++ ipk file that can be installed with opkg
command.
Requirement
Currently only Ubuntu Linux and OS X are supported. Windows with Cygwin is not
supported. The following steps assume an Ubuntu Linux environment.
Step
First, download the SDK zip file
Unzip the package The name is quite long and we'll use SDK to denote its name.
Note that sudo is mandatory – without it the file won’t properly unpacked.
Copy the example helloworld directory to SDK/package folder. The folder structure
should look like this:
In the SDK directory, type make package/helloworld/compile to build the package. Once
it is built:
•
•
•
•
Navigate to SDK/bin/ramips/packages/base
There should be a package file named helloworld_1.0.0-1_ramips_24kec.ipk
Copy the .ipk file to the AI7688H
In the system console of the board, navigate to the location of the .ipk file and
type opkg install
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•
There should be some installation messages. After installation completes, type
helloworld and you'll see the string Hell! O'
If you want to cross-compile some known program or libraries, do this in the SDK
directory:
9.2 Building and Debugging with Eclipse IDE
This article describes how to setup Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers and OpenWrt SDK
to build and debug programs running on AI7688H.After proper setup, Eclipse will be able
to build, upload and attach debugger to your C/C++ program that runs on AI7688H. This
can be pretty helpful if you are writing your own C/C++ programs:
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Step-by-step
Download and setup OpenWrt SDK
Enable SFTP on AI7688H
First we need to prepare AI7688H to enable SFTP service. This allows Eclipse IDE to upload
binaries and debug files to the board.Make sure your board is connected to the internet
and you have access to the system console. Use following commands to install and enable
SFTP service.
Install and Setup Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers
Create and configure C project
Now we create a Hello World project that uses cross compilation toolchain from the
AI7688H OpenWrt SDK.
#Launch the IDE, choose File > New > Project...
#In the New Project wizard, choose C project and click Next to the project setting page.
#Choose Hello World ANSI C Project and Cross GCC toolchain, as following screenshot.
If you have no Cross GCC option, you need to install C/C++ GCC Cross Compiler
Support.
To install Cross Compiler Support, choose Help > Install new Software... and look for
C/C++ GCC Cross Compiler Support(org.eclipse.cdt.build.crossgcc) and install it.
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# Continue the steps in the wizard until you see the Cross GCC Command setting
page as following:
Fill the fields:
*Cross compiler prefix: mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc*Cross compiler path:
OpenWrt_SDK/staging_dir/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0,9.
33.2/bin, where OpenWrt_SDK is the path to your OpenWrt SDK directory.
# Click Finish and the wizard will create the project.
# Now we setup the STAGING_DIR environment variable required by OpenWrt SDK. From
the menu select Project > Properties. This brings up the Properties diaglog.
# From the dialog, choose C/C++ Build > Environment. This page allows you to add
additional environment variables required by the build systems. In this case we're going
to add a new environment variable:
o Variable: STAGING_DIR
o Value: OpenWrt_SDK/staging_dir/ where OpenWrt_SDK is the path to your
OpenWrt SDK directory See the following screenshot for example:
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Build the Hello World program
Since the code is already generated by the wizard, we can start build directly.
Choose Project > Build All from the menu. If the setup in previous steps are correct, you
should see a build log similar to this:
It will also generate a mips/le binary - this is the executable that we're going to debug in
the next step.
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Debug the Hello World program
Now we'll configure the IDE to make it upload the executable file automatically and remote
debug with gdb.
# Make sure your computer is in the same Wi-Fi network as AI7688H. In this example we'll
use the default domain name mylinkit.local.
You'll need to change to your settings accordingly. Make sure you can access the system
console with ssh.
# Choose Run > Debug Configurations... from the menu.
# In the dialog, select C/C++ Remote Application and then click New button.
# Choose New... connection:
and set Host name to mylinkit.local. Also set Default User Id to root
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# Change the setting Remote Absolute File Path for C/C++ Application to /tmp/HelloWorld.
You may also use other path if you wan to.
# Now select the Debug tab. Set the GDB Debugger path to
OpenWrt_SDK/staging_dir/toolchain-mipsel_24kec+dsp_gcc-4.8-linaro_uClibc-0.9.33.2/b
in/mipsel-openwrt-linux-uclibc-gdb where OpenWrt_SDK is the path to the OpenWrt
SDK.
# Click Apply then Debug. The IDE will now upload the built executable to AI7688H through
SFTP service. Enter to root password of AI7688H if the IDE prompts you to do so.
# The IDE now starts a gdbserver on the board, then connect Eclipse debug view to it. By
default it will break at the first line of main function.
And that's it - now you should be able to extend the program and can debug the program
with Eclipse.
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10 Using USB Webcam
By connecting a USB webcam to the USB host port on AI7688H, users can easily setup the
video streaming service according to the following steps.
Supported cameras
AI7688H has installed Linux UVC (USB Video Class) drivers to provide USB webcam suppport.
Webcams follow the UVC standard can be supported on AI7688H. The real capabilities and
supported resolution depend on the current UVC driver implementation.
Step-by-step
we use mjpg-streamer as the streaming application and it's already installed in the system
firmware by default. For the webcam, Logitech C310 is used in this example.
Step 1: plug the webcam into the USB host port on AI7688H
Step 2: type the following command in the system console
Step 3: connect the PC to the same local network as AI7688H
# If AI7688H is in AP mode, connect the PC to AI7688H AP directly.
# If AI7688H is in Station mode, connect the PC to the same AP that AI7688H connects to.
Step 4: open a brower and check the video
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11 Audio Playback and Recording
AI7688H has an I2S interface for audio playback and recording. You'll need an audio DAC to convert
I2S to analog sound data.
Note: the recording function is only supported with firmware v0.9.3 and above.
Audio Playback
MP3 playback
To play a MP3 file, use madplay:
WAV playback
To play a WAV file, use aplay as below:
Audio recording
WAV recording
Note: for a high bit-rate WAV recording (like 16bit/44.1k format as the below example), please record
the file to a destination with high I/O speed (e.g. USB drive, SD card, or RAM) instead of the
on-board flash. Due to the low writing speed of the on-board flash, users will experience sound
jittering and buffer overrun if the recorded file is written to the on-board flash.
To record an audio file, use arecord as below:
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12 Federal Communication Commission Interference
Statement
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio
or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution:
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &
your body.
This device is intended only for OEM integrators under the following conditions:
1) The antenna must be installed such that 20 cm is maintained between the antenna and users, and
the maximum antenna gain allowed for use with this device is 2 dBi.
2) The transmitter module may not be co-located with any other transmitter or antenna.
As long as 2 conditions above are met, further transmitter test will not be required. However, the OEM
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Copyright@2016 AcSiP
AI7688H User Manual
integrator is still responsible for testing their end-product for any additional compliance requirements
required with this module installed
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop
configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization is no longer
considered valid and the FCC ID can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the
OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and
obtaining a separate FCC authorization.
End Product Labeling
This transmitter module is authorized only for use in device where the antenna may be installed such
that 20 cm may be maintained between the antenna and users. The final end product must be labeled in
a visible area with the following: “Contains FCC ID: 2ADWC-AI7688H”. The grantee's FCC ID can
be used only when all FCC compliance requirements are met.
Manual Information To the End User
The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install
or remove this RF module in the user’s manual of the end product which integrates this module. The
end user manual shall include all required regulatory information/warning as show in this manual.
Figure 1 below details the standard product marking for all AcSiP Corp. products. Cross
reference to the applicable line number and table for a full detail of all the variables.
An IoT Solution Company
FCCID:2ADWC-AI7688H
AI7688H. 716004. 1610.
Figure 1 Standard Product Marking Diagram- TOP VIEW
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Copyright@2016 AcSiP
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