ADTRAN TRC4305 Point to Point Unlicensed UNII Microwave System User Manual 612804305L1A 1A

Adtran Point to Point Unlicensed UNII Microwave System 612804305L1A 1A

Manual

TRACER 4305System Manual12804305L1A TRACER 4305 System (Plan A)12804305L1B TRACER 4305 System (Plan B)612804305L1A-1AMay 2002
TrademarksAny brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.To the Holder of the ManualThe contents of this manual are current as of the date of publication. ADTRAN reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.In no event will ADTRAN be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages or for commercial losses even if ADTRAN has been advised thereof as a result of issue of this publication.901 Explorer BoulevardP.O. Box 140000Huntsville, AL 35814-4000Phone: (256) 963-8000©2002 ADTRAN, Inc.All Rights Reserved.Printed in U.S.A.
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 3About this ManualThis manual provides a complete description of the TRACER 4305 system and system software. The purpose of this manual is to provide the technician, system administrator, and manager with general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, and maintenance of the TRACER 4305. This manual is arranged so that needed information can be quickly and easily found. The following is an overview of the contents.Section 1 System DescriptionProvides managers with an overview of the TRACER 4305 system.Section 3 Microwave Path Engineering BasicsExplains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link, or path. The significant parameters are defined, and several recommendations are offered.Section 3 Engineering GuidelinesProvides information to assist network designers with incorporating the TRACER 4305 system into their networks.Section 4 Network Turnup ProcedureProvides step-by-step instructions on how to install the TRACER 4305 unit, determine the parameters for the system, install the network and option modules, and power up the system.Section 5 User Interface Guide Explains the terminal interface and provides a description for each of the menus available for the TRACER 4305 system.Section 6 Troubleshooting GuideProvides helpful information for troubleshooting common configuration problems for the TRACER 4305 system.Revision HistoryThis is the 1st issue of this manual.
4 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1ASafety InstructionsWhen using your telephone equipment, please follow these basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock, or personal injury:1. Do not use this product near water, such as a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool.2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless-type) during an electrical storm. There is a remote risk of shock from lightning.3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.4. Use only the power cord, power supply, and/or batteries indicated in the manual. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explode. Check with local codes for special disposal instructions.Save These Important Safety InstructionsNotes provide additional useful information.Cautions signify information that could prevent service interruption.Warnings provide information that could prevent damage to the equipment or endangerment to human life.
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 5Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio frequencies. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.Shielded cables must be used with this unit to ensure compliance with Class A FCC limits.Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
6 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1AWarranty and Customer ServiceADTRAN will repair and return this product within five years from the date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifications or fails while in service. For detailed warranty, repair, and return information refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty and Repair and Return Policy Procedure.Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN.For service, RMA requests, or further information, contact one of the numbers listed at the end of this section.LIMITED PRODUCT WARRANTY ADTRAN warrants that for five years from the date of shipment to Customer, all products manufactured by ADTRAN will be free from defects in materials and workmanship. ADTRAN also warrants that products will conform to the applicable specifications and drawings for such products, as contained in the Product Manual or in ADTRAN's internal specifications and drawings for such products (which may or may not be reflected in the Product Manual). This warranty only applies if Customer gives ADTRAN written notice of defects during the warranty period. Upon such notice, ADTRAN will, at its option, either repair or replace the defective item. If ADTRAN is unable, in a reasonable time, to repair or replace any equipment to a condition as warranted, Customer is entitled to a full refund of the purchase price upon return of the equipment to ADTRAN. This warranty applies only to the original purchaser and is not transferable without ADTRAN's express written permission. This warranty becomes null and void if Customer modifies or alters the equipment in any way, other than as specifically authorized by ADTRAN. EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE FOREGOING CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE CUSTOMER AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF ADTRAN AND IS IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES (EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED). ADTRAN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION), ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THIS EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO CUSTOMER. In no event will ADTRAN or its suppliers be liable to the Customer for any incidental, special, punitive, exemplary or consequential damages experienced by either the Customer or a third party (including, but not limited to, loss of data or information, loss of profits, or loss of use). ADTRAN is not liable for damages for any cause whatsoever (whether based in contract, tort, or otherwise) in excess of the amount paid for the item. Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to the Customer.
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 7Customer Service, Product Support Information, and TrainingADTRAN will repair and return this product if within five years from the date of shipment the product does not meet its published specification or the product fails while in service. A return material authorization (RMA) is required prior to returning equipment to ADTRAN. For service, RMA requests, training, or more information, use the contact information given below.Repair and ReturnIf you determine that a repair is needed, please contact our Customer and Product Service (CAPS) department to have an RMA number issued. CAPS should also be contacted to obtain information regarding equipment currently in house or possible fees associated with repair.Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return to the following address:Pre-Sales Inquiries and Applications SupportYour reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional pre-sales support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, latest product documentation, application briefs, case studies, and a link to submit a question to an Applications Engineer. All of this, and more, is available at:When needed, further pre-sales assistance is available by calling our Applications Engineering Department.CAPS Department (256) 963-8722 ADTRAN Customer and Product Service901 Explorer Blvd. (East Tower)Huntsville, Alabama 35806RMA # _____________http://support.adtran.comApplications Engineering (800) 615-1176
8 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1APost-Sale SupportYour reseller should serve as the first point of contact for support. If additional support is needed, the ADTRAN Support web site provides a variety of support services such as a searchable knowledge base, updated firmware releases, latest product documentation, service request ticket generation and trouble-shooting tools. All of this, and more, is available at:When needed, further post-sales assistance is available by calling our Technical Support Center. Please have your unit serial number available when you call.Installation and Maintenance SupportThe ADTRAN Custom Extended Services (ACES) program offers multiple types and levels of installation and maintenance services which allow you to choose the kind of assistance you need. This support is available at:For questions, call the ACES Help Desk. TrainingThe Enterprise Network (EN) Technical Training Department offers training on our most popular products. These courses include overviews on product features and functions while covering applications of ADTRAN's product lines. ADTRAN provides a variety of training options, including customized training and courses taught at our facilities or at your site. For more information about training, please contact your Territory Manager or the Enterprise Training Coordinator.http://support.adtran.comTechnical Support (888) 4ADTRANhttp://www.adtran.com/acesACES Help Desk (888) 874-ACES (2237) Training Phone (800) 615-1176, ext. 7500 Training Fax (256) 963-6700Training Email training@adtran.com
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 9Radio Frequency Interface StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications.The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television.• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver.• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits.• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Changes or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
10 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1AFCC Output Power RestrictionsThe FCC does not require licensing to implement this device. However, the FCC has established restrictions regarding maximum Effective Isotropic Radiating Power (EIRP) and the adjustments required when employing directional gain antennas. (Refer to “Setting the Transmitter Power” in Section 2 of this manual). These restrictions are detailed in FCC Part 15.407(a)(3). It is the responsibility of the individuals designing and implementing the radio system to assure compliance with these and any other pertinent FCC Rules and Regulations. This device must be professionally installed.Exposure to Radio Frequency FieldsThe TRACER 4305 is designed to operate at 5.725 to 5.825 GHz with 100 mW maximum transmit power.This level of RF energy is below the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels specified in FCC OET 65:97-01. The installation of high gain antenna equipment in the system configuration may create the opportunity for exposure to levels higher than recommended for the general population at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the center of the antenna. The following precautions must be taken during installation of this equipment:• The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or• Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet (4.6 meter) from the front of the antenna.• It is recommended that the installer place radio frequency hazard warnings signs on the barrier that prevents access to the antenna.• Prior to installing the antenna to the TRACER 4305 output, make sure the power is adjusted to the settings specified in section 2 of this manual.• During antenna installation, be sure that power to the TRACER equipment is turned off in order to prevent any energy presence on the coaxial connector.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not stand in front of the antenna assembly.• During installation and alignment of the antenna, do not handle or touch the front of the antenna.These simple precautions must be taken to prevent general population and installation personnel from exposure to RF energy in excess of specified MPE levels.
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 11SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONThis section of ADTRAN’s TRACER 4305 System manual is designed for use by network engineers, planners, and designers for overview information about the TRACER 4305.It contains general information and describes physical and operational concepts, network relationships, provisioning, testing, alarm status, and system monitoring. This section should be used in conjunction with Section 2, Engineering Guidelines, of the system manual.CONTENTSSystem Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Operational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 1, System Description TRACER 4305 System Manual12 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A1. SYSTEM OVERVIEWThe ADTRAN TRACER® 4305 wireless data system provides transparent extension of DS3 circuits over wireless links for up to 10 miles (line-of-sight path required). As authorized under Part 15.407 of the FCC Rules, the TRACER 4305 operates license-free in the 5.8 GHz unlicensed National Information Infrastruc-ture (U-NII) band, requiring no FCC licensing of end users.For configuration and testing, the TRACER 4305 provides the capability to control the remote TRACER 4305 through a separate maintenance channel. The TRACER 4305 has several built-in test capabilities including remote loopback. Complete configuration and performance data is available through menus accessed using a standard RS-232 terminal interface.2. FEATURES AND BENEFITSThe following is a brief list of TRACER 4305 features and benefits:Configuration and Management• Easy to use VT100 control port (RS-232 interface) for configuration and monitoring• Remote configurationOperational• Transparent DS3 transmission over digital microwave link• No license required per FCC Rules Part 15.407• Frequency: 5.725 to 5.825 GHz• Point-to-point, up to 15 miles• 1-U high unit for easy rack-mounting
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 13MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICSCONTENTSLine-of-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Antenna Beam Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Path Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ADTRAN Link Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21FIGURESFigure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18TABLESTable 1. Path Loss for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Table 2. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Table 3. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types, per Foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual14 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A1. LINE-OF-SITEThe TRACER 4305 system is designed for operation in the 5725 MHz to 5825 MHz unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) frequency band. Radio wave propagation in this band exhibits microwave characteristics, which are ideally suited for point-to-point, line-of-sight communications. Line-of-sight essentially requires that the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are able to “see” each other, and that the straight-line path between the two antennas is free of any obstructions, such as buildings, trees, mountains, and, in longer paths, even the curvature of the earth.2. DECIBELSThe received signal power equation is often expressed in a decibel (dB) format, which turns the power multiplication and division operations into addition and subtraction operations. In general, any quantity can be expressed in decibels. If the quantity (x) is a power level, the decibel equivalent is defined asIf the quantity x is referenced to a milliwatt (mW), then the decibel-milliwatt (dBm) is used instead of a generic decibel.3. RECEIVER POWERThe radio frequency (RF) signal power that is available at the input to the receiving TRACER 4305 system is the next parameter of interest in analyzing a wireless path. Per FCC 15.407 rules, the TRACER 4305 is permitted a maximum output power level of 100 mW, which is equivalent to 20 dBm. This output signal will be attenuated and distorted by various factors, all of which will degrade the original signal and affect the signal strength and quality as sensed by the receiving unit. A simplified power budget analysis is beneficial to perform after verifying a suitable line-of-sight path to determine if the microwave path is suitable, even for ideal, non-distorted signals.The equation relating received signal power to the other microwave parameters isPoint-to-Point Wireless communication from a single site to another individual site. Contrast with point-to-multipointLine-of-Sight An unobstructed, direct path exists between the transmitting and the receiving antennas.xdB 10 log10 x()⋅=(dB)xdBm 10 log10 x1mW-------------⋅=(dBm)PRPTGTGRλ24π()2d2L---------------------------=(watts, W)
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 15where the variables in the equation are defined asPRreceived power (Watts)PTtransmitted power (100 mW (max) for TRACER 4305 - adjustable)GTtransmit antenna gainGRreceive antenna gainλcarrier wavelength (c / ƒ) (meters)dpath distance (meters)Lother losses (RF coaxial cable, etc.)The transmitted power is limited for the 5.8 GHz U-NII band to a maximum of 30 dBm. The actual transmit and receive antenna gain values are strictly dependent upon the physical characteristics of the antennas installed for each link. Typical gains are between 20 and 30 dB. For example, a 4 foot diameter, flat panel C-band antenna from a popular antenna manufacturer advertises a gain of 23.5 dB. The carrier wavelength is the physical wavelength of the main RF carrier being used for communication, and is usually approximated at the center frequency of the band, which is 5787.5 MHz. This gives a wavelength of 5.18 cm.The path distance is simply the physical distance between the transmit and receive antennas. For the TRACER 4305 these distances can range up to 15 miles. The final parameter L incorporates all other signal power losses in the microwave link, most of which are caused by antenna feed.4. OUTPUT POWERTransmitted power limitations for the 5.8 GHz U-NII band is governed by the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of the system. Per FCC 15.407 rules, the TRACER 4305 is permitted a maximum EIRP of 53 dBm. EIRP can be calculated using the following equationwhere PT is the transmitted power (in dBm), GT is the transmit antenna gain (in dB), and LF is the feedline loss (in dB).For example, a TRACER 4305 system transmitting at 20 dBm will result in the following restrictions on antenna gain:Since antenna gain is directly affected by antenna size, an EIRP restriction of 53 dBm will limit antenna selection. However, per FCC rules EIRP is calculated for the total system (transmitter, feedline, and antenna), and additional antenna gain may be used to compensate for feedline loss. In some cases, adding additional length to your feedline cable will permit you to select a larger antenna. Refer to Table 3 on page 19 for a listing of coaxial loss for common cable types (per foot).EIRP PTGTLF–+= (dB)53dBm 20dBm GTLF–+≤(dB)GTLF–33dBi≤(dB)
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual16 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A5. PATH LOSSThe expressionwhere fcarrier frequency (Hz)λcarrier wavelength (c / f) (meters)dpath distance (meters)cspeed of light, free-space (meters)is called the path loss, and increases rapidly as either path length increases or carrier wavelength decreases (which happens as the carrier frequency increases). So, longer microwave paths will naturally experience more path loss than shorter paths. Likewise, higher frequency microwave communication will experience more path loss than lower frequency microwave communication.Table 1 tabulates path loss values for various path lengths for the TRACER 4305 system. Values not listed in the table can be interpolated from those listed.When using decibel notation, the received power equation becomesorWhere, in the second equation the path loss has been lumped into a single quantity, LP, as discussed previously. When using decibel notation, it is necessary that all quantities are individually converted to Table 1. Path Loss for Given Path LengthsPath Length(miles) Path Loss(dB)1112211831214124512610 13215 135LP4πdλ----------24πdfc------------2== (watts, W)PRPTGTGRL–20 · log10–++ 4πdfc------------=(dB)PRPTGTGRL–LP–++=(dB)
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 17decibels prior to performing addition and subtraction.When d is expressed in miles and f in GHz, the path loss expression in decibels becomesFigure 1 illustrates a wireless link containing all of the parameters previously discussed.Figure 1. Example Microwave Path with Parameters6. ANTENNA ALIGNMENTWith line-of-sight microwave communications, optimum system performance requires that the transmitting and receiving antennas are properly aligned. This will ensure maximum received signal power at each receiver. Antenna alignment must be achieved in both azimuth (along a horizontal plane) and elevation (along a vertical plane). A received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is used to aid the equipment installer in determining when alignment is maximized, by simply ensuring maximum RSSI. The RSSI indicator for the TRACER 4305 system is provided through the VT100 terminal menus accessed through the RS-232 interface, and is presented as a series of bars indicating signal strength. More bars means more RSSI, which ensures more received signal strength and better link performance.If the remote system has acquired a useful signal from the remote system, then the remote TRACER 4305 RSSI can also be viewed from the local TRACER 4305 VT100 terminal menu interface.Antenna Beam PatternsDirectly related to the subject of antenna alignment is the topic of antenna beam patterns. Antennas being used with the TRACER 4305 system will have a particular beam shape determined in part by the physical construction and geometry of the antenna. The antenna beam patterns are characterized by a dominant main lobe, which is the preferred lobe to use for point-to-point communications, and several side lobes, as shown in Figure 2 on page 18. The antenna alignment step to setting up a microwave link is in fact steering the main lobes of both antennas until the main lobe of one transmitter is centered on the receiving element of the receiving antenna.LP96.6 20 log10 d() 20·log+10 f()⋅+= (dB) GTGRd, LPPTPRλLL
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual18 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1AFigure 2. Typical Antenna Beam PatternAntennas are also designed to radiate RF energy efficiently for a specific range of frequencies. Please consult the data sheet for your particular antenna make and model to ensure that it is specified to operate in the 5725 MHz to 5825 MHz frequency band.Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna HeightsThe Fresnel zones correspond to regions in the microwave path where reflections of the intended signal occur and combine in both constructive and destructive manners with the main signal, thereby either enhancing or reducing the net power at the receiver.In general, the odd numbered Fresnel zones (1, 3, 5, ...) add constructively at the receiver, while the even numbered Fresnel zones (2, 4, 6, ...) add destructively at the receiver.The first Fresnel zone corresponds to the main lobe, and must be at least 60% free of physical obstructions for the path calculations to be valid. Since the main lobe contains the vast majority of the microwave energy, this zone is typically used to determine proper antenna heights when placing antennas on towers or buildings.The curvature of the Earth becomes a legitimate obstruction for path lengths of 7 miles or greater, and must also be accounted for when determining minimum antenna heights.The aggregate expression for minimum antenna height that incorporates both the 60% first Fresnel zone and the Earth curvature is given bywhere f is in GHz and d is in miles.Table 2 tabulates minimum antenna heights for given path lengths.Table 2. Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Length sPath Length(miles) Min. Antenna Height(ft)22243264185010 6014 81main lobeside lobesh72.1 d4f----- 0.125d2+= (feet)
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 197. COAXIAL CABLECoaxial cable will be required to attach the TRACER 4305 to the antenna. The length of the cable will vary from a few feet to several feet, depending upon your application and the proximity of the TRACER 4305 to the antenna.Various grades of coaxial cable will work sufficiently well for connecting the TRACER 4305 unit to the antenna. A low-loss coaxial cable is suggested to minimize cable losses. One end of the cable will require an N-type male connector (plug) to mate with the TRACER 4305 unit. The other end of the coax will require a connector compatible with the antenna chosen for the installation, which is usually also an N-type male connector (plug). Additionally, it is recommended that both connectors on the coaxial cable be weatherproofed from the elements to prevent corrosion and electrical shorting.Table 3 gives typical loss figures for some of the more common coaxial cable types, per footIn certain areas where lightning strikes are frequent, a lightning arrestor can be installed directly on the antenna. This will help protect the RF electronics in the downstream path from damaging voltages and currents, including the TRACER 4305 unit.8. RECEIVER SENSITIVITYReceiver sensitivity is a value expressed in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm) that corresponds to the minimum amount of signal power needed at the receiver to achieve a given bit error rate (BER). Receiver sensitivity is usually a negative number of decibels, and as such smaller receiver sensitivity is better for a given BER. Several factors affect receiver sensitivity, including the data bandwidth of the wireless link, and the amount of additional signal degradation introduced in the receiver electronics. The receiver sensitivity of the TRACER 4305 is -78 dBm at 10-6 BER.9. FADE MARGINFade margin is a value indicating the amount of extra signal power available to the receiver to operate at a maximum bit error rate (BER). Higher levels of fade margin are better, and will protect the viability of the microwave link against signal fading. Fade margin is simply the difference between the available signal power at the receiver and the receiver sensitivity, discussed previously:Table 3. Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types, per FootCable Type Cable Loss (dB/ft)RG-213, RG-214, RG-393 0.2RG-142 0.3RG-58, RG-223 0.4RG-174, RG-316 0.7FPRPsens–PRGTGRL–LP–Psens–++== (dB)
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual20 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A10. PATH AVAILABILITYThe path availability of a wireless link is a metric that expresses the fractional amount of time a link is available over some fixed amount of time, and depends on several factors. Path availability is expressed aswhere the parameters areaterrain factorbclimate factorfcarrier frequency (GHz)dpath length (miles)Ffade margin (dB)The terrain factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of terrain. Generally speaking, the more smooth an area's terrain is, the less availability a wireless link running over that terrain will have, primarily due to multipath reflections. In contrast, secondary microwave signals will be randomly dispersed over rough terrain, and will not interfere with the main signal lobe as badly as in the smooth terrain case. The terrain factor values normally used are listed below:The climate factor is a quantity that compensates the link availability for different types of climates (weather). In general, microwave links operating in areas with high humidity will have less availability than those in arid areas, primarily because water is a dispersive mechanism to microwave energy, and causes the main signal lobe to refract and disperse away from the receiver location. The climate factor values normally used are listed below.Terrain Terrain Factor DescriptionSmooth 4 water, flat desertAverage 1 moderate roughnessMountainous 1/4 very rough, mountainousClimate Climate Factor DescriptionVery Dry 1/8 desert regionsTemperate 1/4 mainland, interior regionHumid 1/2 humid and coastal regionsA1 2.5 10 6–×()abfd310 F10⁄–()–[]100%×=(dB)
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 2111. ADTRAN LINK ANALYZERA very useful program is available on the Internet that can be used as a simple power budget calculator to determine if a link is suitable for use with the TRACER 4305 system. The program is a JAVA applet that runs in an Internet browser window, and can be accessed at http://www.adtranwireless.com by clicking on the Link Analyzer icon.To accurately model system parameters with regard to the TRACER 4305 system, the following Link Analyzer options should be set as follows:5.8 GHz Band (select this button)RF Mounting Options Rack Mounted (both ends)RF to Antenna Cable Type ¼ in (15.5 dB/100 ft)RF to Antenna Cable Length (change to actual length, e.g. 10 ft)Refer to the Link Analyzer help file for more information on how to use the program.More comprehensive microwave path analysis software packages exist, and can be used to gain a very detailed feasibility study for physical locations.
Section 2, Microwave Path Engineering Basics TRACER 4305 System Manual22 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 23ENGINEERING GUIDELINESCONTENTSEquipment Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Reviewing the Front Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24RSSI Monitoring Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24TX PWR Monitoring Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Reviewing the TRACER 4305 Rear Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Antenna Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27DC Power Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Alarm Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28DS3 (In and Out) Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28RS-232 Connection (Terminal Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28RS-232 Connection (Modem Use) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30At-A-Glance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31FIGURESFigure 1. TRACER 4305 Front Panel Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Figure 2. TRACER 4305 Rear Panel Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27TABLESTable 1. TRACER 4305 Front Panel Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Table 2. TRACER 4305 LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Table 3. DC Power Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Table 4. Alarm Contact Connector Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Table 5. RS-232 Connection Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 6. TRACER 4305 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 7. TRACER 4305 (DCE) to Personal Computer (DB-9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 8. TRACER 4305 (DCE) to Modem (DCE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4305 System Manual24 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A1. EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONSThe TRACER 4305 unit is 19” W, 10.5” D, and 1.75” H, weighs 7 lbs, and can be used in rack-mount configurations.2. POWER REQUIREMENTSThe TRACER 4305 system has a maximum power consumption of 25W and a maximum current draw of 1.2A (at 21 VDC).3. REVIEWING THE FRONT PANEL DESIGNThe front panel contains a single control switch for activating a DS3 line loopback, RSSI and TX PWR monitoring interfaces, a GND interface for connecting the TRACER 4305 system to an external grounding source, and status LEDs to provide visual information about the TRACER 4305 system. Figure 1 identifies the DS3 loopback switch, the various bantam interfaces, and the LEDs.Figure 1. TRACER 4305 Front Panel LayoutRSSI Monitoring InterfaceThe RSSI voltage is a function of the signal strength at the receiver and is used to measure the received signal strength. RSSI varies approximately from 0 to greater than 4 Volts (V), with 0V corresponding to a weaker received signal and 4V or better corresponding to a stronger received signal.The voltage level present at the RSSI test point represents only a relative signal level of receive strength from the far end. No direct correlation can be made between RSSI voltage levels and actual receive levels in dBm. This test point is provided to assess relative signal level for alignment of antennas.Status LEDsTX PWRRSSIDS3 LoopbackSwitchGND
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 25TX PWR Monitoring InterfaceThe TX PWR voltage is a function of the selected transmit power level. This voltage ranges approximately from 0 to 5V, with 0V corresponding to 0 dBm (1 milliwatt) and 5V corresponding to +20 dBm (100 milliwatts).Front Panel LEDsWith the TRACER 4305 powered-on, the front panel LEDs provide visual information about the status of the TRACER 4305 system. Table 1 provides a brief description of the front panel features, and Table 2 (continued on page 27) provides detailed information about the LEDs. Table 1. TRACER 4305 Front Panel Description Feature DescriptionDS3 Loopback Switch Allows quick activation/deactivation of DS3 line loopbacksRSSI Interface DC voltage indicating strength of the received signal at the antennaTX PWR Interface DC voltage indicating strength of transmitted signalGND Interface Connect to an external earth ground sourceStatus LEDs Provides status information about the systemTable 2. TRACER 4305 LEDsFor these LEDs... This color light... Indicates that...PWR Green (solid) the TRACER 4305 is connected to a power source.Off the TRACER 4305 is not currently powered up.PLAN A Green (solid) the TRACER 4305 is transmitting on Frequency Plan A.Off the TRACER 4305 is not transmitting on Frequency Plan A.PLAN B Green (solid) the TRACER 4305 is transmitting on Frequency Plan B.Off the TRACER 4305 is not transmitting on FrequencyPlan B.RF DOWN Red (solid) there is a communication problem between the local and remote TRACER 4305 systems.RF LOW Red (solid) the RSSI level is below suggested minimum threshold.TST Amber (solid) unit is performing power-on self-test.RAI Red (solid) the TRACER 4305 received a remote alarm in the DS3 EOC channel (bits X1 and X2 are both set to zero).
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4305 System Manual26 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A4. REVIEWING THE TRACER 4305 REAR PANEL DESIGNThe TRACER 4305 rear panel contains the following interfaces:•ALARM interface (terminal block) for connecting to an external alarm monitoring system•DC POWER (terminal block) for connecting to a proper 21-63 VDC power source•DS3 IN and OUT (BNC interfaces) for connecting to a DS3 device• Antenna (N-Type connector) for the antenna feedline cable• Ground lug for connecting to earth ground•RS232 (DB-25 female) for connecting to a VT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation softwareFigure 2 on page 27 identifies the various features of the TRACER 4305 rear panel. A detailed discussion of all interfaces (including pinouts, where applicable) follows the figure.AIS Red (solid) the TRACER 4305 received a remote alarm from a connected DS3 device (properly aligned and framed alternating one-zero pattern).LOF Red (solid) the TRACER 4305 DS3 framer has lost alignment (due to receiving too many F or M bits in error).LOS Red (solid) the TRACER 4305 does not detect a DS3 from the connected DS3 device signal (indicated by receiving 192 consecutive zeros).BPV Red (solid) the TRACER 4305 detects Bipolar Violations on the received signal from the connected DS3 device (receiving two consecutive “one” bits with the same polarity).LBK Amber (solid) the TRACER 4305 is currently in DS3 line loopback.Amber (flashing) the TRACER 4305 is currently in DS3 link loopback.Table 2. TRACER 4305 LEDs (Continued)For these LEDs... This color light... Indicates that...
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 27Figure 2. TRACER 4305 Rear Panel LayoutAntenna InterfaceThe ANTENNA interface (N-Type connector) connects to the antenna (customer supplied) using standard antenna feedline cable. When determining the cable specifications for your application, refer to Section 3, Microwave Path Engineering Basics (Coaxial Cable on page 19) for a discussion on cable length and loss factors.FuseThe fuse holder, accessible from the rear panel of the TRACER 4305, accepts a generic 1 Amp, 2-inch slow-blo fuse.DC Power ConnectionThe TRACER 4305 can operate from a supply between 21 and 63 VDC, with either polarity referenced to ground, and consumes less than 25 Watts (W). Power supplies should be able to provide up to 30 W atthe selected voltage. Current required (in amps) is determined by dividing the power consumed (in watts) by the applied voltage (in volts). For example, at 48 V, TRACER 4305 would draw approximately 0.52 A (25 W/48 V).Connector type Terminal BlockTable 3. DC Power Connector PinoutPIN NAME DESCRIPTION1 + POSITIVE LEAD (referenced to ground)2 - NEGATIVE LEAD (referenced to ground)AntennaDC PowerConnection InterfaceDS3 Out(Transmit)DS3 In(Receive)RS232 Interface(VT100 Terminal)GroundLugFuseAlarmContacts
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4305 System Manual28 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1AAlarm ContactsNormally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) alarm contacts are provided on the rear panel of the TRACER 4305 system. In normal operation, the NC contact is electrically connected to the common contact (COM) and the NO contact is isolated. During an alarm condition, the NC contact becomes isolated and the NO is electrically connected to COM. This allows alarm conditions to be reported to external alarm monitoring systems.DS3 (In and Out) ConnectionThe physical DS3 interface is provided by a pair of 75 Ω BNC connectors for transmit and receive.RS-232 Connection (Terminal Use)The RS-232 connector provides a female DB-25 terminal connection (wired as a DCE interface), which is used for terminal access to the TRACER 4305 system. The RS-232 port provides the following functions:• Accepts EIA-232 input from a PC or terminal for controlling the TRACER 4305 system• Operates at 9600 bpsTable 5 on page 29 shows the pinout. Wiring diagrams for connecting to the RS-232 connector (for various applications) are provided following the pinout.Connector type Terminal BlockTable 4. Alarm Contact Connector PinoutPIN NAME DESCRIPTION1 COM COMMON CONTACT2 NO NORMALLY-OPEN CONTACT3 NC NORMALLY-CLOSED CONTACTThe shielding on both BNC connectors are grounded per ANSI T1.404.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 29 Connector type (USOC) DB-25Table 5. RS-232 Connection Pinout PIN NAME DESCRIPTION1, 7 GND GROUND2 TX TRANSMIT3 RX RECEIVE4 RTS REQUEST TO SEND5 CTS CLEAR TO SEND6 DSR DATA SET READY (MODEM CONTROL ONLY)8 CD CARRIER DETECT9-19 — UNUSED20 DTR DATA TERMINAL READY (MODEM CONTROL ONLY)21 — UNUSED22 RI RING INDICATOR23-25 — UNUSEDTable 6. TRACER 4305 (DCE) to Terminal (DTE) DiagramPIN NAME PIN NAME2TX 2 TX3RX 3 RX4 RTS 4 RTS5 CTS 5 CTS6 DSR 6 DSR7 GND 7 GNDTable 7. TRACER 4305 (DCE) to Personal Computer (DB-9)PIN NAME PIN NAME2TX 3 RX3RX 2 TX4 RTS 7 RTS5 CTS 8 CTS6 DSR 6 DSR7 GND 5 GND
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4305 System Manual30 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1ARS-232 Connection (Modem Use)Modem controls, discussed in Section 5, User Interface Guide, of this manual, will enable or disable modem control through the RS-232 interface. When this option is enabled from a standard terminal connection, all RS-232 communications will cease until a modem is attached with a null modem adapter between the TRACER 4305 and the data modem. The data modem should be configured for AUTO ANSWER and 9600 bps. When the user connects via modem to the TRACER 4305 unit, communications via the RS-232 port will resume. If a user accidentally enables modem control from a terminal and disrupts the RS-232 communication, pressing <Ctrl + Z> three times will temporarily disable the modem control option (until the system is reset) and access the system configuration to disable modem control.The TRACER 4305 must be interfaced to a modem via an RS-232 null modem adapter or cable. The null modem will convert Clear To Send (CTS) and Data Set Ready (DSR) into Ready To Send (RTS) and Data Terminal Ready (DTR), respectively. These signals will indicate (to most modems) that a valid DTE terminal device is present. The null modem interface must route Carrier Detect (CD) on pin 8 directly from the modem, and the modem must source CD only when actually connected to a carrier when using the RS-232 interface for modem control. When MODEM CONNECTION is selected in the menu system, the TRACER 4305 will de-assert DTR and DSR for a time greater than 20 ms. The null modem will consequently drop DTR and RTS at the modem interface, signaling the modem to hang up the line. If password functionality is enabled in the TRACER 4305, selecting MODEM CONNECTION will rest the TRACER 4305 to the password entry screen.Table 8 contains the wiring diagram needed for connecting the TRACER 4305 RS-232 interface to a modem using the null modem adapter.Hangup-on-DTR-drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems.Table 8. TRACER 4305 (DCE) to Modem (DCE)PIN NAME PIN NAME2TX 3 RX3RX 2 TX4 RTS 5 CTS5 CTS 4 RTS6DSR 20 DTR7 GND 7 GND8CD 8 CD
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 3, Engineering Guidelines612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 315. AT-A-GLANCE SPECIFICATIONSThe following is a list of specifications for the TRACER 4305 system.Hardware Description SpecificationTransmitterOutput Power +20 dBm, maxFrequency Range 5725 to 5825 MHzReceiverReceive Level, Range -30 to -78 dBmReceive Level, Maximum -30 dBmReceive Level, Nominal -55 dBmFrequency PlanPlan A Tx 5.750 GHz, Rx 5.800 GHzPlan B Tx 5.800 GHz, Rx 5.750 GHzDS3 InterfaceCapacity 44.736 MbpsConnection dual 75 Ω BNC connectors (Tx and Rx)Line Code B3ZSFraming M13, C-Bit ParityAlarms AIS, Red, Yellow, BPVsLoopbacks Local and remote (line and link)User InterfaceDiagnostics DS3 Line and Link LoopbacksTest Points RSSI, Tx PWRVT100 Terminal InterfaceData Rate 9600 bpsData Bits 8Parity NoneStop Bits 1Terminal Emulation VT100
Section 3, Engineering Guidelines TRACER 4305 System Manual32 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1AMechanical and EnvironmentalOperating Temperature -25ºC to 65ºCSize 19” W x 10.5” D x 1.75” HHumidity 95%, Non-condensingWeight 7 lbsPowerInput Voltage 21 to 63 VDC, either polarity referenced to groundPower Consumption < 25 WattsConnector 2 pin terminal block (DC)Fuse 1 amp, 250 Volt slow-blo fuse (2-inch)Hardware Description Specification
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 33NETWORK TURNUP PROCEDURECONTENTSIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Unpack and Inspect the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Contents of ADTRAN Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Customer Provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Grounding Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Supplying Power to the Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Mounting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Connecting the DS3 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36FIGURESFigure 1. Bandwidth Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4305 System Manual34 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A1. INTRODUCTIONThis section discusses the installation process of the TRACER 4305 system.2. TOOLS REQUIREDThe tools required for the installation of the TRACER 4305 are:• VT100 terminal or PC with terminal emulation software• RS-232 (DB-25 male for TRACER 4305 end) cable for connecting to terminal3. UNPACK AND INSPECT THE SYSTEMEach TRACER 4305 is shipped in its own cardboard shipping carton. Open each carton carefully and avoid deep penetration into the carton with sharp objects. After unpacking the unit, inspect it for possible shipping damage. If the equipment has been damaged in transit, immediately file a claim with the carrier, then contact ADTRAN Customer Service (see Warranty and Customer Service information in the front of this manual).Contents of ADTRAN ShipmentYour ADTRAN shipment includes the following items:• TRACER 4305 unit• TRACER 4305 Documentation CDCustomer ProvidesThe following items are necessary for the installation of the TRACER 4305 system and are not provided by ADTRAN:• 21 to 63 VDC power source (or AC adapter available from ADTRAN P/N 1280650L1), either polarity referenced to ground• Antenna and mounting hardware• Antenna feedline cable• DS3 cables (BNC for TRACER 4305 end) for connecting to DS3 equipmentChanges or modifications not expressly approved by ADTRAN could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.To prevent electrical shock, do not install equipment in a wet location or during a lightning storm.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 354. CHANNEL SELECTIONThe FCC has allocated 100 MHz of spectrum in the band in which the TRACER 4305 operates. Figure 1 illustrates the bandwidth division. Figure 1. Bandwidth DivisionTo designate the utilization of the U-NII bandwidth, there are two different channel plans, labeled A and B. The letter of each channel plan setting is preset by the factory and refers to the physical configuration of the diplexer filter inside the environmental housing. The transmitter at one end of the link will transmit in the lower portion of the spectrum and receive in the upper portion. Consequently, the receiver at the other end should receive in the lower portion and transmit in the upper portion. There is one rule for successful TRACER 4305 configuration.1. The letter of the channel plan must be different on both ends. Shipment of a link will consist of one Plan A and Plan B unit.5. GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONSThe following provides grounding instruction information from the Underwriters’ Laboratory UL 60950 Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment, of December, 2000.An equipment grounding conductor that is not smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors is to be installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product or system. Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors are acceptable. Individually covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green with one or more yellow stripes. The equipment grounding conductor is to be connected to ground at the service equipment.The attachment-plug receptacles in the vicinity of the product or system are all to be of a grounding type, and the equipment grounding conductors serving these receptacles are to be connected to earth ground at the service equipment.A supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be installed between the product or system and A5750 MHzB5800 MHzChannel Plan describes which lobe is transmitted upon. Example: A will transmit at A lobe and receive at B.
Section 4, Network Turnup Procedure TRACER 4305 System Manual36 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1Aground that is in addition to the equipment grounding conductor in the power supply cord.The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall not be smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors. The supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be connected to the product at the terminal provided, and shall be connected to ground in a manner that will retain the ground connection when the product is unplugged from the receptacle. The connection to ground of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor shall be in compliance with the rules for terminating bonding jumpers at Part K or Article 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70. Termination of the supplementary equipment grounding conductor is permitted to be made to building steel, to a metal electrical raceway system, or to any grounded item that is permanently and reliably connected to the electrical service equipment ground.The supplemental grounding conductor shall be connected to the equipment using a number 8 ring terminal and should be fastened to the grounding lug provided on the rear panel of the equipment. The ring terminal should be installed using the appropriate crimping tool (AMP P/N 59250 T-EAD Crimping Tool or equivalent.)6. SUPPLYING POWER TO THE UNITThe TRACER 4305 can operate from a supply between 21 and 63 VDC, with either polarity referenced to ground. Power supplies should be able to provide up to 30 watts at the selected voltage. A dual pin terminal plug accepts power at the rear panel of the unit, providing a PWR pin and a GND point. Adapters for this plug are available for the ADTRAN +48V power supply (P/N 1175043L2).7. MOUNTING OPTIONSInstall the TRACER 4305 in a location that requires minimal antenna feedline length (the loss in this cable directly affects overall system performance). The TRACER 4305 is designed to be mounted in a rack. If multiple units are installed in one location, no space is needed between units, but certain regulations may require at least 0.75” of space above and below each unit.8. CONNECTING THE DS3 INTERFACEThe physical DS3 interface is provided using a pair of 75 Ω BNC connectors for transmit and receive. Using standard coaxial cable, connect the DS3 OUT interface of the TRACER 4305 to the receive data interface of the DS3 equipment. Connect the DS3 IN interface of the TRACER 4305 to the transmit data interface of the DS3 equipment.The supplemental equipment grounding terminal is located on the rear panel of the TRACER 4305.
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 37USER INTERFACE GUIDECONTENTSNavigating the Terminal Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Terminal Menu Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Navigating using the Keyboard Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Terminal Menu and System Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Password Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Menu Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40>TRACER System Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40>Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42>TRACER System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43>TRACER Link Performance History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45>DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46>DS3 Performance History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48FIGURESFigure 1. Main Menu Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Figure 2. TRACER System Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Figure 3. Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Figure 4. TRACER System Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Figure 5. TRACER Link Performance History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Figure 6. DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Figure 7. DS3 Link Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Figure 8. DS3 Line Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Figure 9. DS3 Link Performance History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48TABLESTable 1. DS3 Interface Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual38 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A1. NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENUThe TRACER 4305 menu system can be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity, connected to the RS-232 port located on the back of the unit. Flow control on the serial interface should be configured to None for proper operation. Once a terminal is connected, pressing <Ctrl + L> will refresh the current screen. If password access has been enabled, the ENTER PASSWORD message will be displayed at the bottom of the TRACER 4305 system status menu. Terminal Menu WindowThe TRACER 4305 uses five menu pages and a single main menu page to access its many features. The main menu page (see Figure 1) provides a link to all available configuration/status pages.Figure 1. Main Menu ScreenAll TRACER 4305 systems are shipped factory default with password protection disabled.After connecting a VT100 terminal to the TRACER 4305, press <Ctrl + L> to redraw the current screen. VT100 access will not be possible until this step is performed.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 39Navigating using the Keyboard KeysYou can use various keystrokes to move through the terminal menu, to manage a terminal menu session, and to configure the system.Moving through the MenusSession Management Keystrokes2. TERMINAL MENU AND SYSTEM CONTROLPassword ProtectionThe TRACER 4305 provides optional password protection of the terminal interface. If enabled, a password prompt is presented at power-up, reboot, modem logout, or after ten minutes of inactivity on the terminal. Password protection is enabled and a password is defined via the system configuration menu.If the password is forgotten, physical access to the TRACER 4305 unit is required to access the terminal interface. The password may be bypassed by pressing the DS3 LBK button while the system is rebooted. This disabled the password and will initialize the TRACER 4305 system status menu to allow the password to be changed (via the configuration screen).To do this.. Press this key...Move up to select items Up ArrowMove down to select items Down ArrowEdit a selected menu item EnterScroll through configuration parameters for a menu item SpacebarUp/Down ArrowsP or N (Prev/Next)Cancel an edit EscapeReturn to Main Menu page MTo do this.. Press this key...Log into a session SpacebarRefresh the screenTo save time, only the portion of the screen that has changed is refreshed. This option should only be necessary if the display picks up incorrect characters<Ctrl + L>All TRACER 4305 systems are shipped factory default with password protection disabled.Rebooting the unit to bypass password protection and redefine the installed password is service affecting.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual40 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A3. MENU DESCRIPTIONSThe remainder of this section describes the TRACER 4305 menus and submenus. >TRACER SYSTEM STATUSFigure 2 shows the TRACER System Status menu page. Status of major system components for both sides of the TRACER link are displayed, but no configuration can be performed from this view.Figure 2. TRACER System StatusThe top of the TRACER System Status menu page displays the elapsed time the TRACER 4305 system has been operational since the last power reset. Located directly beneath the ADTRAN Technical Support phone number is a graphical indicator of the status of the TRACER 4305 DS3 and RF links (as reported by both the local and remote units). The DS3 labels will be reverse highlighted if any error conditions exist on that DS3 interface.The status of the received radio link is indicated as RF UP or RF DOWN for each direction. The left portion of the menu page reports the status of the local TRACER 4305 (the system where the active terminal is attached). The right portion of the screen reports the status of the remote system. During RF DOWN conditions, remote status cannot be obtained and the message RF CONNECTION DOWN will be displayed The menu structure of the TRACER 4305 system is depicted below as follows:> MENU PAGE> MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION> MENU PAGE > MENU SELECTION > SUB-MENU
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 41below the DATAPATH SYNC display. >TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > FREQUENCY PLANDisplays the frequency plan (A or B) for the TRACER 4305 unit. For an operational TRACER 4305 system, the local and remote units should display opposite frequency plans.>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > SITEDisplays the site name configured from the TRACER System Configuration page.>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > RX POWERDisplays the approximate receiver levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > TX POWERDisplays the approximate transmitter levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).>TRACER SYSTEM STATUS > DATAPATH SYNCDisplays the condition of the received digital data stream. If YES is displayed, the TRACER 4305 has received an acceptable data stream from the remote system. If NO is displayed, the TRACER 4305 receiver has lost synchronization.Press <0> from any menu in the TRACER 4305 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Status page.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual42 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A>MAIN MENUThe TRACER 4305 Main Menu page provides access to all other configuration/status pages. Figure 3 shows the TRACER Main Menu page.Figure 3. Main MenuUse the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the available pages, or enter the number of the selected page (to highlight the menu page) and press <Enter>.Press <M> from any menu in the TRACER 4305 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Main Menu page.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 43>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONFigure 4 shows the TRACER System Configuration menu page. System configuration parameters for both the local and remote TRACER 4305 units are available through this menu page.Figure 4. TRACER System Configuration>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > RX POWERDisplays the approximate receiver levels (for both the local and remote units) using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#). This parameter is display only.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > TX POWERAllows the transmitter levels (for both the local and remote units) to be adjusted. The current transmitter level is displayed using a series of symbols (#). The more symbols (#) displayed, the stronger the signal. If the link is down and remote end data is unavailable, DATA NOT AVAILABLE is displayed in place of the symbols (#).Press <1> from any menu in the TRACER 4305 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER System Configuration menu page.Reducing the transmitter power of the remote TRACER 4305 could negatively impact the TRACER RF link.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual44 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > SITE NAMEEnter up to 32 alphanumeric characters to be displayed for identification of the TRACER 4305 system. >TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONTROLConfigures the modem control leads on the RS-232 port (terminal interface located on the rear panel of the unit). Set MODEM CONTROL to ENABLED when connecting the unit to a modem (using a null modem adapter). Setting MODEM CONTROL to DISABLED de-asserts Data Set Ready (DSR) and deactivates the modem interface. MODEM CONTROL must be set to DISABLED when the VT100 terminal is in use. The TRACER 4305 comes factory programmed with MODEM CONTROL set to DISABLED.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > MODEM CONNECTION (LOGOUT)Activator to cause the TRACER 4305 to de-assert Clear To Send (CTS) and DSR for a time greater than 20 milliseconds. This signals the modem to disconnect the analog connection. Hangup-On-DTR-Drop may need to be explicitly enabled on some modems. If PASSWORD PROTECTION is ENABLED, this menu also causes the unit to close the current session and return to the TRACER System Status menu page and wait for password input.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PASSWORD ENABLEConfigures password protection for the VT100 terminal interface. Password protection for the TRACER 4305 requires password input from the TRACER System Status menu page when connecting to the unit. When configured for Password protection, the TRACER 4305 closes any terminal session that remains inactive for more than 10 minutes. The TRACER 4305 comes factory programmed with PASSWORD ENABLE set to DISABLED. >TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PASSWORDSets the password for password protection of the TRACER 4305 VT100 terminal interface. Enter up to 8 alphanumeric characters. The system password is case sensitive.>TRACER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION > PERFORMANCE STATS (CLEAR)Activator to reset all system error counters for the TRACER 4305.Press <Ctrl+Z> three times from the terminal interface to temporarily disable MODEM CONTROL when the modem control leads are active.The default password for the TRACER 4305 is tracer.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 45>TRACER LINK PERFORMANCE HISTORYFigure 5 shows the TRACER Link Performance History menu page. The TRACER Link Performance History menu page displays detailed error statistics for the RF link (from both the local and remote TRACER 4305 units) in 15-minute increments. Figure 5. TRACER Link Performance HistoryRF performance data is presented as link (LNK) errors which represent errored seconds received on the wireless link. This is generally an indication of path or interference problems.The mimimum received signal level (MIN RSL) is represented as a numerical value from 0 to 255 with 0 corresponding to no receive power and 255 corresponding to an extremely hot signal. The minimum received signal level is directly related to RSSI.The error count for the most recent 24 hours are recorded and displayed on the right side of the page. The left side of the page displays the 24 hour totals for the most recent 7 days. Press <N> to view the next 8 hours worth of 15-minute totals and <P> to view the previous 8 hours.Press <2> from any menu in the TRACER 4305 VT100 menu structure to access the TRACER Link Performance History menu page.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual46 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACKFigure 6 shows the DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback menu page. Real-time graphical representation for the DS3 link (using data from both the local and remote TRACER 4305 units) is displayed on this page. DS3 operational configuration parameters and testing functions are configured from this menu.Figure 6. DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > DS3 INTERFACE ALARMSDisplays any active alarms on the DS3 link (reported from both the local and remote TRACER 4305 units). These alarms include Red, Blue, Yellow, AIS, and bipolar violations (BPV). See Section 6, Troubleshooting Guide, for more information on these alarms.Press <3> from any menu in the TRACER 4305 VT100 menu structure to access the DS3 Status/Configuration/Loopback menu page.Table 1. DS3 Interface AlarmsBPV Activates when the incoming DS3 stream presents bipolar violations (BPVs). BPVs are received when two consecutive “one” bits are the same polarity.AIS Activates when an incoming remote alarm is received from a connected DS3 device. An AIS signal is a properly aligned and framed alternating one-zero pattern.RMT Activates when an incoming remote alarm is received (from the DS3 equipment) in the DS3 EOC channel (bits X1 and X2 are both set to zero).
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 47>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > DS3 LINE BUILD OUTConfigures the DS3 for the appropriate line buildout, based on the distance to the DS3 equipment. Use DSX for 0-255 feet and HIGH for distances greater than 255 feet.>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > ALARM REPORTINGDetermines whether the TRACER 4305 unit will report active alarms. If DISABLED, no alarms will be displayed on this menu page. The ALARM REPORTING parameter is independently configured for the local and remote TRACER 4305 units. >DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > SIGNALINGConfigures the framing format for the DS3 link for both the local and remote TRACER 4305 units. The TRACER 4305 transparently transports DS3 data across the link (as long as the DS3 signal is properly timed). Configure the framing format (using the SIGNALING menu) to enable the TRACER 4305 to monitor incoming framing error events and indicate problems with the attached metallic service. The TRACER 4305 supports both M13 and C-BIT parity modes.>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LINE CODESets the line coding for the DS3 link. The TRACER 4305 supports only B3ZS line coding.>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATEControls the loop status of the DS3 link. Activates/deactivates loopback conditions for testing purposes.>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > NORMALThe DS3 link is in normal data transport mode - there are no active loopbacks.>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > LINKActivates a loopback at the TRACER 4305 DS3 framer towards the wireless link (see Figure 7). Use the LINK loopback to test data path integrity from one unit across the wireless link.Figure 7. DS3 Link LoopbackLOS Activates when no DS3 signal is present from the connected DS3 equipment. LOS is activated after receiving 192 consecutive zeros.LOF Activates when the DS3 framer loses alignment due to too many F bits or M bits in error.IDLE Connected DS3 equipment is indicating that the line is not in use by transmitting a properly aligned and frame 1100... pattern.Table 1. DS3 Interface Alarms (Continued)
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual48 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LOOP/NORMAL STATE > LINEActivates a loopback at the TRACER 4305 DS3 framer towards the locally connected DS3 equipment (see Figure 8). Use the LINE loopback to test data path integrity from the TRACER 4305 unit to the DS3 equipment.Figure 8. DS3 Line Loopback>DS3 STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK > LINE CODESets the line coding for the DS3 link. The TRACER 4305 supports only B3ZS line coding.>DS3 PERFORMANCE HISTORYFigure 5 shows the DS3 Performance History menu page. The DS3 Performance History menu page displays detailed error statistics for the DS3 link (from both the local and remote TRACER 4305 units) in 15-minute increments. Figure 9. DS3 Link Performance HistoryDS3 performance data is presented as Errored Seconds (ES) and Severely Errored Seconds (SES) on the DS3 link.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 5, User Interface Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 49The error count for the most recent 24 hours are recorded and displayed on the right side of the page. The left side of the page displays the 24 hour totals for the most recent 7 days. Press <N> to view the next 8 hours worth of 15-minute totals and <P> to view the previous 8 hours.Press <4> from any menu in the TRACER 4305 VT100 menu structure to access the DS3 Link Performance History menu page.
Section 5, User Interface Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual50 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A
612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 51TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDECONTENTSOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52PWR LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52TST LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52RF DOWN LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52RF LOW LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53LOS LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53AIS LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53BPV LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54RF Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Step-by-Step Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Installing/Troubleshooting the TRACER Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Installing/Configuring DS3 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Section 4, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual52 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1A1. OVERVIEWThis troubleshooting guide provides recommended actions for various conditions of the TRACER 4305 system. The status LEDs (located on the front panel of the unit) provide information to help determine the necessary troubleshooting action. Recommended actions for resolving possible status LED indicators are contained in this guide.2. LED INDICATORSPWR LEDIf the PWR LED is not ON and solid green, it is an indicator that the TRACER 4305 is not receiving adequate DC power. Recommended Actions:1. Verify that the power source is delivering between 21 and 63 VDC.2. Check the polarity of the power connection (referenced to ground) of both the TRACER 4305 unit and the power source.3. Check the internal fuse. The fuse is accessed from the rear panel of the unit. If this fuse is open, replace with a 1Amp, 250 Volt (2-inch) slow-blo fuse.TST LEDThe TST will remain ON (solid Amber) during power-up to indicate a self-test is in progress. If the TST LED is blinking or remains ON after 10 seconds, this indicates that the TRACER 4305 unit has failed self-test. This is an internal failure, and ADTRAN technical support should be contacted.RF DOWN LEDIf the RF DOWN LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that there is a problem with the RF link to the TRACER 4305.Recommended Actions:1. Check the RF coaxial cable connection.2. Measure the RSSI voltage. If the signal is acceptable (> 2.0 VDC at RSSI test point), go to Step 6.3. Verify that one end of the link is configured as Plan A and the other end is Plan B.4. Verify that the antenna polarization is the same at both ends of the RF signal transmit and receive path.5. Verify the RF signal path is clear.6. Check for possible interference at both ends of the link. If necessary, change polarization and/or PN code at both ends.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 4, Troubleshooting Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 53RF LOW LEDIf the RF LOW LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that the received signal is within 10 dB (approximately) of the minimum operable signal. This condition is typically indicative of a path problem.Recommended Actions:1. Verify the far-end transmitter power setting is the value that the link planning budget allows.2. Check all coaxial cable connectors for solid connections. Check for water and corrosion around any of the connectors.3. Verify the RF signal path by verifying the antenna alignment.4. Check the integrity of the cable plant.5. Check the integrity of lightning arrestors.LOS LEDIf the LOS LED is ON (solid Red), it is an indicator that the TRACER 4305 is unable to detect a viable DS3 received signal from the connected DS3 equipment. This error may be due to a degraded signal or no signal, or is may be caused by improper framing.Recommended Actions:1. Verify that the DS3 Coaxial cable is connected to the DS3 interface on the TRACER 4305.2. Verify that the DS3 Out interface on the TRACER 4305 is connected to the transmit interface of the DS3 equipment.3. Verify that the DS3 In interface on the TRACER 4305 is connected to the receive interface of the DS3 equipment.4. Verify the connections at the opposite end of the DS3 cable.5. Verify that the framing mode (C-Bit or M13 parity) is the same for both the TRACER 4305 and the DS3 equipment.AIS LEDA Yellow Alarm, when indicated at the TRACER 4305 by a solid Red AIS LED, is generated by the attached equipment. When the attached equipment’s DS3 interface is in Red Alarm, a Yellow Alarm will be generated at the TRACER 4305 unit.Recommended Actions:1. Follow the troubleshooting steps for Red Alarm, but do so at the attached equipment.A Blue Alarm, when indicated at the TRACER 4305 by a blinking Red AIS LED, is generated by the attached equipment. The root cause must be determined at the attached equipment. A typical cause of a blue alarm is a lack of input to a CSU.Recommended Actions:1. Verify the input to any attached data equipment.
Section 4, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual54 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1ABPV LEDIf the BPV LED is ON (solid Red at time of incident), a Bipolar Violation (BPV) has occurred. BPVs indicate an improper configuration or faulty wiring.Recommended Actions:1. Verify the TRACER 4305 unit and the attached equipment are configured for the same line coding (B3ZS).2. Verify that the Line Buildout (LBO) of the attached equipment is correct.3. Verify the cable connections for the DS3 interface are solid.3. RF ERRORSRF errors can range anywhere from a non-viable microwave path to loose RF connectors.Non-viable path conditions could be caused by physical obstructions such as buildings, moutainous terrain, trees, etc., as well as other physical limitations such as excessive path distances and in-band RF interference. These types of errors are remedied by performing a detailed line-of-sight microwave path study to determine whether or not a microwave link is feasible for the terrain and environment under consideration.If after performing a microwave path study the system is still not operational, ensure that the antennas are properly aligned. Note that alignment must be achieved in both elevation and azimuth for optimal link performance. The TRACER 4305 can be used to aid in antenna alignment by looking at the RSSI submenu. Optimal antenna alignment will correspond to the maximum number of RSSI bars on the TRACER 4305 terminal display.4. STEP-BY-STEP TROUBLESHOOTINGThe logical troubleshooting flow presented in this section can be used to set up your TRACER 4305 system, and also to diagnose a previously installed system. Please contact Adtran Technical support at any stage during installation and/or troubleshooting if you require assistance.5. INSTALLING/TROUBLESHOOTING THE TRACER HARDWARE1. Perform a detailed path profile for each TRACER 4305 microwave link. A thorough path study can be used to estimate signal power budgets, fade margins at each receiver, identity potential line-of-site obstacles, properly size antenna dishes, and determine minimum antenna dish heights above the earth.2. Setup all of the TRACER hardware on a work bench. It is also recommended that the actual cables to be used in the permanent installation be used in the work bench setup. A rigorous work bench "simulation" of the link will help you alleviate and avoid time-consuming errors.3. Examine the PLAN A and PLAN Blights on the front panel of each unit. These LEDs indicate the frequency plan for each TRACER 4305 unit. The frequency plan (PLAN A, PLAN B) LED should be the opposite on both TRACER 4305 units.
TRACER 4305 System Manual Section 4, Troubleshooting Guide612804305L1A-1A © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 554. Attach the RF coaxial cables to be used in the permanent installation to the N-type connectors on the base of the TRACER 4305 unit. Attach the other end of the coaxial cable(s) to an RF power meter or spectrum analyzer if either is available. The power measured by the meter/analyzer will be the RF power available at the input of the antenna. The TRACER 4305 unit is programmed at the factory to output approximately 100 mW (20 dBm) of 5.8 GHz RF power. The actual power level measured by the meter/analyzer will be less than 100 mW due to RF losses through the coaxial cable, and is a function of cable type and length of cable being used. In any event, the power level at the output of the coaxial cable should be a significant fraction of 100 mW. A power meter/analyzer reading that is not on the order of at least tens-of-milliwatts could be an indication of any combination of either unsuitable RF, faulty, or unreasonably long coaxial cable.5. Resolve all RF coaxial cabling errors before proceeding.6. Attach the RF coaxial cables to a 5.8 GHz attenuator, if possible. If you do not have an attenuator, attach the coaxial cables to the antennas to be used in the permanent installation. If the installation antennas are not available, small, inexpensive dipole or patch antennas can be used for verification purposes. If an adjustable attenuator is being used, dial in the amount of attenuation that corresponds to the path loss value expected for the microwave link in which the TRACER hardware will be installed. The path loss value can be calculated from a knowledge of the path length, or provided by a path study. Remember to subtract both antenna gain values from the attenuator level if these values have not already be accounted for.7. After setting up the RF pieces, examine the RF DOWN LED on the front panel of each TRACER 4305 unit. If the RF DOWN LED is illuminated (red), the corresponding TRACER 4305 is not receiving a suitable RF signal from the other TRACER 4305 unit. In this case, the receiving TRACER 4305 is either receiving a very weak signal, or no signal at all. If the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated, then the TRACER 4305 units are receiving a suitable RF signal. Suitable RF power levels for low error rate communication will range from -30 dBm to -78 dBm measured at the N-type connector input on the TRACER 4305 unit.8. Resolve any signal level issues before proceeding.9. Examine the RF LOW LED on the front panel of each TRACER 4305. If this LED is illuminated, then the TRACER 4305 is receiving a relatively weak signal, however if the RF DOWN LED is not illuminated, the received signal is being suitably processed by the TRACER system. If you are receiving a weak signal (RF LOW is ON), please verify that the weak signal is not being caused by a faulty cable, an insufficiently tightened cable, or some other installation-related problem. Also, make sure an unreasonably large attenuation value has not been selected if you are using an attenuator on a work bench setup. Use the tables in Section 3, Microwave Path Engineering Basics, of this manual to select the proper free-space attenuation value (in dB) based on the estimated length of the microwave path. Remember to subtract out both antenna gains (local and remote) from the attenuator setting.10. Command a link loopback in one TRACER 4305 unit and run pattern from the connected DS3 equipment. This will verify data path between the DS3 equipment and the TRACER 4305 unit. External pattern generators are required to test data path integrity. A DS3 BERT tester is suggested.
Section 4, Troubleshooting Guide TRACER 4305 System Manual56 © 2002 ADTRAN, Inc. 612804305L1A-1AInstalling/Configuring DS3 Hardware1. If possible, attach any or all of the intended DS3 hardware to the TRACER 4305 units using the same work bench setup. This step offers the perfect opportunity to configure your DS3 hardware for proper functioning with the TRACER hardware.2. Resolve any remaining DS3 equipment-to-TRACER 4305 configuration issues before field installation, if possible. This will significantly reduce the probability of unsuccessful field installation.

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