Alvarion Technologies EXTR-49 WiMAX base station transceiver User Manual BMAX Extreme System Manual

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Document Description	manual
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Document Type	User Manual
Display Format	Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf
Filesize	130.05kB (1625650 bits)
Date Submitted	2009-10-14 00:00:00
Date Available	2009-10-16 00:00:00
Creation Date	2009-10-08 18:01:19
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 9.0.0 (Windows)
Document Lastmod	2009-10-11 11:25:31
Document Title	BMAX Extreme System Manual
Document Creator	FrameMaker 8.0
Document Author:	Alvarion Ltd.

BreezeMAX® Extreme
System Manual
Software Version 1.2
September 2009
P/N
Document History
Document History
Topic
Description
Date Issued
Preliminary Release for Early Field
Trials
New System Manual
March 2009
Preliminary Release for Beta
New System Manual
June 2009
First Release for GA
New System Manual
June 2009
3.65 GHz band
A new radio band
August 2009
MAC Access Lists
A new feature in BTS Configuration
September 2009
PPPoE
Added a new Service Type
September 2009
Multiple Service Flows
Added support for Ethernet CS services.
September 2009
New Classifier types (VLAN ID, VLAN
Priority)
Service Interface
Added support for Ethernet CS services.
September 2009
New parameters (VLAN Transparency, VLAN
Priority Marking, VLAN List)
Sector DFS Parameters
Updated-added Radar Detection Threshold
parameter.
September 2009
Integral 5 GHz Antenna
Updated specifications of 5 GHz Integral
antenna (Table 1-7)
October 2009
External 5 GHz Antennas
Added 8 dBi OMNI (Table 1-8)
October 2009
4.9 GHz FCC Band
Added a note on Tx Power limitations:
Sections 1.4.13, 4.7.2.2.1.6
October 2009
Radio Standard
Added FCC Part 90 Subpart Y, FCC Part 15
Subpart B (Table 1-15)
October 2009
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Legal Rights
Legal Rights
© Copyright 2009 Alvarion Ltd. All rights reserved.
The material contained herein is proprietary, privileged, and confidential and
owned by Alvarion or its third party licensors. No disclosure thereof shall be made
to third parties without the express written permission of Alvarion Ltd.
Alvarion Ltd. reserves the right to alter the equipment specifications and
descriptions in this publication without prior notice. No part of this publication
shall be deemed to be part of any contract or warranty unless specifically
incorporated by reference into such contract or warranty.
Trade Names
Alvarion®, BreezeCOM®, WALKair®, WALKnet®, BreezeNET®, BreezeACCESS®,
BreezeLINK®, BreezeMAX®, BreezeLITE®, BreezePHONE®, 4Motion®,
BreezeCONFIG™, MGW™, eMGW™ and/or other products and/or services
referenced here in are either registered trademarks, trademarks or service marks
of Alvarion Ltd.
All other names are or may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
“WiMAX Forum” is a registered trademark of the WiMAX Forum. “WiMAX”, the
WiMAX Forum logo, “WiMAX Forum Certified”, and the WiMAX Forum Certified
logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum.
Statement of Conditions
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.
Alvarion Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of
this manual or equipment supplied with it.
Warranties and Disclaimers
All Alvarion Ltd. (“Alvarion”) products purchased from Alvarion or through any of
Alvarion's authorized resellers are subject to the following warranty and product
liability terms and conditions.
Exclusive Warranty
(a) Alvarion warrants that the Product hardware it supplies and the tangible
media on which any software is installed, under normal use and conditions, will
be free from significant defects in materials and workmanship for a period of
fourteen (14) months from the date of shipment of a given Product to Purchaser
(the “Warranty Period”). Alvarion will, at its sole option and as Purchaser's sole
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Legal Rights
remedy, repair or replace any defective Product in accordance with Alvarion'
standard R&R procedure.
(b) With respect to the Firmware, Alvarion warrants the correct functionality
according to the attached documentation, for a period of fourteen (14) month from
invoice date (the “Warranty Period”). During the Warranty Period, Alvarion may
release to its Customers firmware updates, which include additional performance
improvements and/or bug fixes, upon availability (the “Warranty”). Bug fixes,
temporary patches and/or workarounds may be supplied as Firmware updates.
Additional hardware, if required, to install or use Firmware updates must be
purchased by the Customer. Alvarion will be obligated to support solely the two (2)
most recent Software major releases.
ALVARION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING
AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THAT THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT
DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY PURCHASER'S OR ANY THIRD
PERSON'S MISUSE, NEGLIGENCE, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR IMPROPER
TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE
BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY ACCIDENT, FIRE,
LIGHTNING OR OTHER HAZARD.
Disclaimer
(a) The Software is sold on an “AS IS” basis. Alvarion, its affiliates or its licensors
MAKE NO WARRANTIES, WHATSOEVER, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND THE ACCOMPANYING
DOCUMENTATION. ALVARION SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE.
UNITS OF PRODUCT (INCLUDING ALL THE SOFTWARE) DELIVERED TO
PURCHASER HEREUNDER ARE NOT FAULT-TOLERANT AND ARE NOT
DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE IN
APPLICATIONS WHERE THE FAILURE, MALFUNCTION OR INACCURACY OF
PRODUCTS CARRIES A RISK OF DEATH OR BODILY INJURY OR SEVERE
PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE (“HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES”). HIGH
RISK ACTIVITIES MAY INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, USE AS PART OF
ON-LINE CONTROL SYSTEMS IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING
FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR
FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL, LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, WEAPONS SYSTEMS OR
OTHER APPLICATIONS REPRESENTING A SIMILAR DEGREE OF POTENTIAL
HAZARD. ALVARION SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
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Legal Rights
(b) PURCHASER'S SOLE REMEDY FOR BREACH OF THE EXPRESS
WARRANTIES ABOVE SHALL BE REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE
PURCHASE PRICE AS SPECIFIED ABOVE, AT ALVARION'S OPTION. TO THE
FULLEST EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES SET
FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY
OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES, TERMS OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SATISFACTORY QUALITY,
CORRESPONDENCE WITH DESCRIPTION, NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND
ACCURACY OF INFORMATION GENERATED. ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY
DISCLAIMED. ALVARION' WARRANTIES HEREIN RUN ONLY TO PURCHASER,
AND ARE NOT EXTENDED TO ANY THIRD PARTIES. ALVARION NEITHER
ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY
OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION,
MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS.
Limitation of Liability
(a) ALVARION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO THE PURCHASER OR TO ANY THIRD
PARTY, FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, INTERRUPTION OF
BUSINESS OR FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER ARISING UNDER
BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY
OR OTHERWISE AND WHETHER BASED ON THIS AGREEMENT OR
OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
(b) TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES HEREUNDER OF ALVARION OR ITS EMPLOYEES
OR AGENTS EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT BY
PURCHASER, NOR SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES TO ALL
PARTIES REGARDING ANY PRODUCT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID
FOR THAT PRODUCT BY THAT PARTY (EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF A BREACH OF
A PARTY'S CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS).
Radio Frequency Interference Statement
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) equipment has been tested and found to
comply with the limits for a class A digital device, pursuant to ETSI EN 301 489-1
rules and Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in commercial, business and industrial environments. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
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Legal Rights
likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at the user's own expense.
FCC Radiation Hazard Warning
To comply with FCC RF exposure requirements in Section 1.1307 and 2.1091 of
FCC Rules, the antenna used for this transmitter must be fixed-mounted on
outdoor permanent structures with a separation distance of at least 2 meters from
all persons.
R&TTE Compliance Statement
This equipment complies with the appropriate essential requirements of Article 3
of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC.
Safety Considerations - General
For the following safety considerations, “Instrument” means the BreezeMAX units'
components and their cables.
Grounding
BTS chassis, Power Feeders and Outdoor Units are required to be bonded to
protective grounding using the bonding stud or screw provided with each unit.
Safety Considerations - DC Powered Equipment
CAUTION
ATTENTION
Risk of electric shock and energy hazard.
Risque de décharge électrique et
d'electrocution.
Restricted Access Area: The DC powered equipment should only be installed in a
Restricted Access Area.
Installation Codes: The equipment must be installed according to the latest
edition of the country national electrical codes. For North America, equipment
must be installed in accordance with the US National Electrical Code and the
Canadian Electrical Code.
Overcurrent Protection: A readily accessible Listed branch circuit overcurrent
protective device, rated 60A for the BTS or 20A for the Power Feeder, must be
incorporated in the building wiring.
CAUTION: This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed
conductor of the DC supply circuit and the grounding conductor at the
equipment. See installation instructions.
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 The equipment must be connected directly to the DC Supply System
grounding electrode conductor.
 All equipment in the immediate vicinity must be grounded in the same way,
and not be grounded elsewhere.
 The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the
equipment.
 There shall be no disconnect device between the grounded circuit conductor of
the DC source (return) and the point of connection of the grounding electrode
conductor.
Caution
To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to
do so.
Line Voltage
Before connecting this instrument to the power line, make sure that the voltage of
the power source matches the requirements of the instrument.
Radio
The instrument transmits radio energy during normal operation. To avoid possible
harmful exposure to this energy, do not stand or work for extended periods of time
in front of its antenna. The long-term characteristics or the possible physiological
effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields have not been yet fully
investigated.
Outdoor Units and Antennas Installation and Grounding
Ensure that outdoor units, antennas and supporting structures are properly
installed to eliminate any physical hazard to either people or property. Make sure
that the installation of the outdoor unit, antenna and cables is performed in
accordance with all relevant national and local building and safety codes. Even
where grounding is not mandatory according to applicable regulation and national
codes, it is highly recommended to ensure that the outdoor unit and the antenna
mast (when using external antenna) are grounded and suitable lightning
protection devices are used so as to provide protection against voltage surges and
static charges. In any event, Alvarion is not liable for any injury, damage or
regulation violations associated with or caused by installation, grounding or
lightning protection.
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Legal Rights
Disposal of Electronic and Electrical Waste
Disposal of Electronic and Electrical Waste
Pursuant to the WEEE EU Directive electronic and electrical waste must not be disposed of with
unsorted waste. Please contact your local recycling authority for disposal of this product.
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Important Notice
Important Notice
This user manual is delivered subject to the following conditions and restrictions:
 This manual contains proprietary information belonging to Alvarion Ltd. Such
information is supplied solely for the purpose of assisting properly authorized
users of the respective Alvarion products.
 No part of its contents may be used for any other purpose, disclosed to any
person or firm or reproduced by any means, electronic and mechanical,
without the express prior written permission of Alvarion Ltd.
 The text and graphics are for the purpose of illustration and reference only.
The specifications on which they are based are subject to change without
notice.
 The software described in this document is furnished under a license. The
software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that
license.
 Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Corporate
and individual names and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless
otherwise noted.
 Alvarion Ltd. reserves the right to alter the equipment specifications and
descriptions in this publication without prior notice. No part of this
publication shall be deemed to be part of any contract or warranty unless
specifically incorporated by reference into such contract or warranty.
 The information contained herein is merely descriptive in nature, and does not
constitute an offer for the sale of the product described herein.
 Any changes or modifications of equipment, including opening of the
equipment not expressly approved by Alvarion Ltd. will void equipment
warranty and any repair thereafter shall be charged for. It could also void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
Some of the equipment provided by Alvarion and specified in this manual, is
manufactured and warranted by third parties. All such equipment must be
installed and handled in full compliance with the instructions provided by such
manufacturers as attached to this manual or provided thereafter by Alvarion or
the manufacturers. Non-compliance with such instructions may result in serious
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Important Notice
damage and/or bodily harm and/or void the user's authority to operate the
equipment and/or revoke the warranty provided by such manufacturer.
BreezeMAX Extreme
System Manual
About This Manual
About This Manual
This manual describes the BreezeMAX Extreme solution, and details how to
install, operate and manage the BTS system components.
This manual is intended for technicians responsible for installing, setting and
operating the BreezeMAX Extreme BTS equipment, and for system administrators
responsible for managing the system.
This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:
 Chapter 1 - System description: Describes the BreezeMAX Extreme BTS and
its components.
 Chapter 2 - Installation: Describes how to install the BTS components.
 Chapter 3 - Commissioning: Describes how to configure basic parameters
and validate units' operation.
 Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration Using the CLI: Describes how to
use the Command Line Interface (CLI) for configuring parameters, checking
system status and monitoring performance.
 Glossary: A listing of commonly used terms.
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Contents
Contents
Chapter 1 - System Description
1.1 About WiMAX................................................................................................................3
1.2 WiMAX Network Architecture......................................................................................4
1.2.1 The WiMAX Network Reference Model ..............................................................4
1.2.2 Access Service Network (ASN)...........................................................................5
1.2.3 Connectivity Service Network (CSN) ..................................................................6
1.2.4 Network Access Provider (NAP) .........................................................................6
1.2.5 Network Service Provider (NSP).........................................................................6
1.2.6 Base Station (BS)................................................................................................7
1.2.7 ASN Gateway (ASN-GW) ...................................................................................7
1.2.8 Reference Points.................................................................................................9
1.3 BreezeMAX Extreme ..................................................................................................11
1.3.1 General .............................................................................................................11
1.3.2 System Components.........................................................................................12
1.3.3 System Configurations ......................................................................................13
1.3.4 Power Supply ....................................................................................................14
1.3.5 Radio Antennas.................................................................................................14
1.3.6 GPS Antenna ....................................................................................................15
1.4 Specifications .............................................................................................................16
1.4.1 General Modem & Radio...................................................................................16
1.4.2 3.x GHz BTS .....................................................................................................16
1.4.3 5 GHz BTS ........................................................................................................17
1.4.4 Sensitivity ..........................................................................................................18
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1.4.5 3.x GHz Antennas .............................................................................................18
1.4.6 5 GHz Antennas................................................................................................19
1.4.7 Power Supply ....................................................................................................20
1.4.8 GPS Antennas ..................................................................................................21
1.4.9 Data Communication (Ethernet Port) ................................................................21
1.4.10 Configuration and Management........................................................................22
1.4.11 Environmental ...................................................................................................22
1.4.12 BTS Standards Compliance, General ...............................................................22
1.4.13 Notes on Maximum Tx Power Limitations for 5 GHz Units: ..............................24
Chapter 2 - Installation
2.1 BTS Installation ..........................................................................................................28
2.1.1 Installation Requirements..................................................................................28
2.1.2 Assembling the Tilt Bracket on the BTS............................................................30
2.1.3 Installing a Lightning Arrestor for the High-Gain GPS Antenna ........................32
2.1.4 Installing the BTS on a Pole..............................................................................32
2.1.5 Mounting the BTS on the Carriage....................................................................35
2.1.6 Wall Mount Installation ......................................................................................37
2.2 GPS Installation..........................................................................................................39
2.2.1 Installation Requirements..................................................................................39
2.2.2 Packing List.......................................................................................................39
2.2.3 Installing the GPS .............................................................................................40
2.3 Indoor Power Supply Installation .............................................................................43
2.3.1 PoE AC/DC Power Supply ................................................................................43
2.3.2 High Power AC/DC Power Supply Unit.............................................................44
2.4 Cable Connections.....................................................................................................45
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2.4.1 Cable Connection..............................................................................................47
2.5 External Antennas Connection .................................................................................50
Chapter 3 - Commissioning
3.1 Configuring Parameters Required for Remote Management.................................53
3.2 Operation Verification................................................................................................55
Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration
4.1 BreezeMAX Extreme System Management..............................................................59
4.2 The Monitor Program .................................................................................................60
4.2.1 Accessing the Monitor Program ........................................................................60
4.2.2 Using the Monitor Program ...............................................................................60
4.3 IP Addresses Configuration ......................................................................................63
4.3.1 IP Address Configuration Restrictions ..............................................................63
4.3.2 IP Subnets.........................................................................................................63
4.4 The Main Menu ...........................................................................................................64
4.5 BTS Menu....................................................................................................................65
4.5.1 Show Summary.................................................................................................65
4.5.2 Show Properties................................................................................................67
4.5.3 Configuration.....................................................................................................69
4.5.4 Unit Control .......................................................................................................82
4.5.5 Fault Management ............................................................................................88
4.5.6 Performance Counters ......................................................................................93
4.6 ASN-GW Menu ............................................................................................................97
4.6.1 AAA ...................................................................................................................97
4.6.2 Services Menu ................................................................................................107
4.7 Sector Menu..............................................................................................................124
4.7.1 Show Summary...............................................................................................124
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4.7.2 Select ..............................................................................................................127
4.8 BS Menu ....................................................................................................................137
4.8.1 Show Summary...............................................................................................137
4.8.2 Select ..............................................................................................................142
4.9 Radio Channel Menu................................................................................................157
4.9.1 Show Summary...............................................................................................157
4.9.2 Select ..............................................................................................................157
4.10Antenna Menu ..........................................................................................................159
4.10.1 Show Summary...............................................................................................159
4.10.2 Select ..............................................................................................................160
4.11GPS Menu.................................................................................................................162
4.11.1 Show Summary...............................................................................................162
4.11.2 Configuration...................................................................................................164
4.12MS Menu ...................................................................................................................169
4.12.1 Show Summary...............................................................................................169
4.12.2 Show Concise Summary.................................................................................170
4.12.3 Show Summary by BS ....................................................................................170
4.12.4 Show Concise Summary by BS ......................................................................171
4.12.5 Select By MAC ................................................................................................171
4.12.6 Add..................................................................................................................173
4.13Parameters Summary..............................................................................................174
Glossary ................................................................................................ 189
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Chapter
System Description
Chapter 1 - System Description
In This Chapter:
 “About WiMAX” on page 3
 “WiMAX Network Architecture” on page 4
 “BreezeMAX Extreme” on page 11
 “Specifications” on page 16
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Chapter 1 - System Description
1.1
About WiMAX
About WiMAX
Emanating from the broadband world and using all-IP architecture, mobile
WiMAX is the leading technology for implementing personal broadband services.
With huge market potential and affordable deployment costs, mobile WiMAX is on
the verge of a major breakthrough. No other technology offers a full set of
chargeable and differentiated voice, data, and premium video services in a variety
of wireless fashions - fixed, portable and mobile - that increase revenue and
reduce subscriber churn.
WiMAX technology is the solution for many types of high-bandwidth applications
at the same time across long distances and will enable service carriers to converge
the all-IP-based network for triple-play services data, voice, and video.
WiMAX with its QoS support, longer reach, and high data capacity is positioned
for fixed broadband access applications in rural areas, particularly when distance
is too large for DSL and cable, as well as in urban/suburban areas of developing
countries. Among applications for residential are high speed Internet, Voice Over
IP telephony and streaming video/online gaming with additional applications for
enterprise such as Video conferencing, Video surveillance and secured Virtual
Private Network (with need for high security). WiMAX technology allows covering
applications with media content requesting more bandwidth.
WiMAX allows portable and mobile access applications, with incorporation in
notebook computers and PDAs, allowing for urban areas and cities to become
“metro zones” for portable and mobile outdoor broadband wireless access. As
such WiMAX is the natural complement to 3G networks by offering higher
bandwidth and to Wi-Fi networks by offering broadband connectivity in larger
areas.
The WiMAX Forum is an organization of leading operators and communications
component and equipment companies. The WiMAX Forum’s charter is to promote
and certify the compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless access
equipment that conforms to the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) 802.16 and ETSI HiperMAN standards. The ultimate goal of the WiMAX
Forum is to accelerate the introduction of cost-effective broadband wireless access
services into the marketplace. Standards-based, interoperable solutions enable
economies of scale that, in turn, drive price and performance levels unachievable
by proprietary approaches, making WiMAX Forum Certified products.
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Chapter 1 - System Description
WiMAX Network Architecture
1.2
WiMAX Network Architecture
1.2.1
The WiMAX Network Reference Model
Figure 1-1 shows the basic mobile WiMAX network architecture as defined by the
WiMAX Forum NWG.
Figure 1-1: Mobile WiMAX Network Reference Model
Figure 1-2 shows the ASN-GW architecture for networks with multiple ASN-GWs
(distributed network architecture).
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Chapter 1 - System Description
WiMAX Network Architecture
Figure 1-2: ASN Reference Model containing Multiple ASN-GWs
The various components and entities involved in the networking architecture are
described in the following sections:
1.2.2
Access Service Network (ASN)
An ASN is defined as a complete set of network functions needed to provide radio
access to a WiMAX subscriber. The ASN provides the following mandatory
functions:
 WiMAX Layer-2 (L2) connectivity with WiMAX mobile station (MS)
 Transfer of AAA messages to the WiMAX subscriber's home network service
provider (H-NSP) for authentication, authorization and session accounting for
subscriber sessions
 Network discovery and selection of the WiMAX subscriber's preferred NSP
 Relay functionality for establishing Layer-3 (L3) connectivity with a WiMAX MS
(i.e. IP address allocation)
 Radio resource management
 ASN-CSN tunneling
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WiMAX Network Architecture
 ASN anchored mobility
An ASN is comprised of network elements such as one or more base transceiver
stations and one or more ASN gateways. An ASN may be shared by more than one
connectivity service network (CSN).
1.2.3
Connectivity Service Network (CSN)
A CSN is defined as a set of network functions that provide IP connectivity
services to WiMAX subscribers. A CSN may offer the following functions:
 MS IP address and endpoint parameter allocation for user sessions
 Internet access
 AAA proxy or server
 Policy and admission control based on user subscription profiles
 ASN-CSN tunneling support
 WiMAX subscriber billing and inter-operator settlement
 WiMAX services such as location-based services, connectivity for peer-to-peer
services, provisioning, authorization and/or connectivity to IP multimedia
services, and facilities to support lawful intercept services such as those
compliant with Communications Assistance Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
procedures
A CSN is comprised of network elements such as routers, proxy/servers, user
databases, and inter-working gateway devices.
1.2.4
Network Access Provider (NAP)
An NAP is a business entity that provides WiMAX radio access infrastructure to
one or more WiMAX network service providers (NSPs). A NAP implements this
infrastructure using one or more ASNs.
1.2.5
Network Service Provider (NSP)
An NSP is a business entity that provides IP connectivity and WiMAX services to
WiMAX subscribers compliant with the established service level agreement. The
NSP concept is an extension of the Internet service provider (ISP) concept,
providing network services beyond Internet access. To provide these services, an
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Chapter 1 - System Description
WiMAX Network Architecture
NSP establishes contractual agreements with one or more NAPs. An NSP may also
establish roaming agreements with other NSPs and contractual agreements with
third-party application providers (e.g. ASP, ISP) for the delivery of WiMAX services
to subscribers. From a WiMAX subscriber standpoint, an NSP may be classified as
a home or visited NSP.
1.2.6
Base Station (BS)
The WiMAX BS is an entity that implements the WiMAX MAC and PHY in
compliance with the IEEE 802.16e standard. A BS operates on one frequency
assignment, and incorporates scheduler functions for uplink and downlink
resources.
The basic functionality of the BS includes:
 IEEE 802.16e OFDMA PHY/MAC entity
 R6 and R8 functionality according to NWG definitions
 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) relay
 Control message authentication
 User traffic authentication and encryption
 Handover management
 QoS service flow management entity
1.2.7
ASN Gateway (ASN-GW)
The ASN-GW is a network entity that acts as a gateway between the ASN and
CSN. The ASN functions hosted in an ASN-GW may be viewed as consisting of two
groups - the decision point (DP) and enforcement point (EP). The EP provides
bearer plane functions, and the DP provides non-bearer plane functions.
The basic DP functionality of the ASN-GW includes:
 Implementation of EAP Authenticator and AAA client
 Termination of RADIUS protocol against the selected CSN AAA server (home or
visited AAA server) for MS authentication and per-MS policy profile retrieval
 Storage of the MS policy profile
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WiMAX Network Architecture
 Generation of authentication key material
 QoS service flow authorization entity
 AAA accounting client
The basic EP functionality of the ASN-GW includes:
 Classification of downlink data into generic routing encapsulation (GRE)
tunnels
 Packet header suppression functionality
 DHCP functionality
 Handover functionality
The WIMAX Forum NWG has adopted two different approaches for ASN
architecture - centralized and distributed: In the centralized approach there is at
least one central ASN-GW, and the BTS operates in transparent mode, as shown
in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3: Centralized Network Reference Model
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In the distributed approach, the BTS operates in ASN-GW mode, as shown in
Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-4: Distributed Network Reference Model
Alvarion believes in providing operators with the flexibility to select the mobile
WiMAX network topology that best suits their needs and existing network
architecture. Therefore, BreezeMAX Extreme is designed to support both
distributed and centralized topology approaches according to WiMAX Forum NWG
profile C.
1.2.8
Reference Points
 Reference point R1 consists of the protocols and procedures between the MS
and ASN as per the air-interface (PHY and MAC) specifications (IEEE 802.16e).
 Reference point R2 consists of protocols and procedures between the MS and
CSN associated with authentication, services authorization and IP host
configuration management. This reference point is logical in that it does not
reflect a direct protocol interface between the MS and CSN. The authentication
part of reference point R2 runs between the MS and CSN operated by the
home NSP, however, the ASN and CSN operated by the visited NSP may
partially process the aforementioned procedures and mechanisms. Reference
point R2 might support IP host configuration management running between
the MS and CSN (operated by either the home NSP or visited NSP).
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 Reference point R3 consists of the set of control plane protocols between the
ASN and CSN to support AAA, policy enforcement and mobility management
capabilities. It also encompasses the bearer plane methods (e.g. tunneling) to
transfer user data between the ASN and CSN.
 Reference point R4 consists of the set of control and bearer plane protocols
originating/terminating in various functional entities of an ASN that
coordinate MS mobility between ASNs and ASN-GWs. R4 is the only
interoperable reference point between similar or heterogeneous ASNs.
 Reference point R5 consists of the set of control plane and bearer plane
protocols for internet working between the CSN operated by the home NSP and
that operated by a visited NSP.
 Reference point R6 consists of the set of control and bearer plane protocols
for communication between the BS and ASN-GW. The bearer plane consists of
an intra-ASN data path between the BS and ASN gateway. The control plane
includes protocols for data path establishment, modification and release
control in accordance with the MS mobility events.
 Reference point R8 consists of the set of control plane message flows and
optional bearer plane data flows between the base stations to ensure a fast
and seamless handover. The bearer plane consists of protocols that allow data
transfer between base stations involved in the handover of a certain MS.
It is important to note that all reference points are logical and do not necessarily
imply a physical or even direct connection. For instance, the R4 reference point
between ASN-GWs might be implemented across the NAP internal transport IP
network, in which case R4 traffic might traverse several routers from the source to
the destination ASN-GW.
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1.3
BreezeMAX Extreme
1.3.1
General
BreezeMAX Extreme is a full-outdoor, all-in-one small WiMAX Base Transceiver
Station. With a range of configuration options for rural, urban and suburban
deployments, and all the benefits of Alvarion’s Open WiMAX Ecosystem, the
BreezeMAX Extreme system present an exceptionally attractive cost/performance
ratio for various needs, improving operational costs and reducing complexity.
The system is currently available in the following frequency bands:
 3.x GHz band: Offering optimal solutions for capacity limited scenarios and
rural areas or highly price sensitive situations. Co-existence with the 4Motion
Macro BTS supports expansion of Macro deployments providing optimization
of both initial and final investment. Currently available units operate in the
3.400-3.600 GHz (3.5 GHz) and 3.650-3.700 GHz (3.65 GHz) bands.
 5 GHz band units: Offering all the advantages of WiMAX, providing carrier
class QoS with superior radio technology and leveraging the benefits of mass
market ecosystem (low price CPEs). Co-existence with the mature
BreezeACCESS VL product line. Currently available units operate in the
4.900-5.350 GHz (4.9 GHz) band and 5.470-5.950 GHz (5.4 GHz) band.
Actually available frequencies and other operational capabilities depend on the
applicable local regulations.
BreezeMAX Extreme supports different working modes:
 Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Authenticated: The ASN-GW functionality
resides in the BTS (distributed architecture). MS authentication and services
provisioning are managed by an external AAA server.
 Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not Authenticated: The ASN-GW functionality
resides in the BTS (distributed architecture). MS authentication and services
provisioning are managed by the ASN-GW using local configuration (AAA
server not needed).
 External ASN-GW: The ASN-GW is a separate entity (centralized architecture)
that communicates with the BTS over R6 interface. MS authentication and
services provisioning are managed by a AAA server.
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The BTS can simultaneously serve up to 40 CPEs, with optional upgrades to
support up to 150 or 250 CPEs.
The following figure describes the end-to-end BreezeMAX Extreme based WiMAX
network:
Figure 1-5: BreezeMAX Extreme System Architecture
1.3.2
System Components
The BreezeMAX Extreme system consists of the following elements:
 BreezeMAX Extreme Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and associated
accessories such as GPS antenna, indoor power supply and, (if applicable)
external antennas.
 External ASN-GW for centralized architecture and optional Embedded
ASN-GW for distributed architecture.
 Optional AAA server for central authentication, authorization and accounting
services.
 Outdoor and indoor CPEs supporting VoIP, Data, Switching, Bridging, tagging
and marking functionality.
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 AlvariSTAR central management system allowing multiple elements
management and performance monitoring.
 StarACS – Automatic Configuration Server for TR-069 based management and
monitoring of CPEs.
 AlvariCRAFT element management system allowing a single element
management for BTS installation/maintenance.
1.3.3
System Configurations
In the current release the following BTS configurations are available:
1.3.3.1
Single Sector, Second Order Diversity Configurations
Single Sector Second Order Diversity (1DIV models) units include a BS connected
to two internal radios with either an integral dual-slant antenna or two RF
connections to external antenna(s). 1DIV model units support Single Sector Single
BS with Diversity operation mode providing a bandwidth of up to 10 MHz per
sector. A dual-slant antenna (internal or external) or two external antennas
support second order diversity with MIMO in the downlink and MRC in the
uplink.
Figure 1-6: Single Sector Single BS with Diversity Operation Mode
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1.3.3.2
BreezeMAX Extreme
Single Sector, No Diversity Configurations
Single Sector No Diversity (1SIS model) units include a BS connected to an
internal radio with either an RF connection to an external antenna or (in 4.9/5.4
GHz units only) an integral dual slant antenna using the same slant as the PRO
5100 series CPEs. 1SIS model units support the Single Sector Single BS without
Diversity operation mode providing a bandwidth of up to 10 MHz per sector.
Figure 1-7: Single Sector Single BS without Diversity Operation Mode
1.3.4
Power Supply
The BTS is powered from a 48V DC power source. Alvarion offers a range of indoor
AC/DC power supplies to support the different power requirements of the various
BTS units:
 A high power AC/DC power supply that may be used to provide power to all
BTS types.
 A low power PoE AC/DC power supply that can supply DC power over the
Ethernet connection to 5 GHz BTS units.
1.3.5
Radio Antennas
According to radio band and configuration, BTS units are supplied with either
integral antenna(s) or with connection(s) to external antenna(s). Alvarion offers a
range of external antennas to support various deployment and coverage needs.
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1.3.6
BreezeMAX Extreme
GPS Antenna
GPS is used to synchronize the air link frames of Intra-site and Inter-site located
sectors to ensure that in all sectors the air frame will start at the same time, and
that all sectors will switch from transmit (downlink) to receive (uplink) at the same
time. This synchronization is necessary to prevent Intra-site and Inter-site sectors
interference and saturation (assuming that all neighboring sectors are operating
with the same DL/UL ratio).
The BTS includes an internal GPS receiver with hold over mechanism in case GPS
is lost or satellites synchronization was not reached. The GPS clock required is
1PPS with accuracy of 10-11 and maximum jitter of 100ns. These GPS clock
requirements can be reached by a GPS receiver when it receives at least 4
satellites. After initial synchronization, at least two satellites should be received to
maintain sufficient synchronization.
Alvarion offers two types of GPS antennas:
 Active high-gain antenna that can be installed at a distance of up to 25m from
the BTS.
 Basic miniature antennas that can be installed at a distance of up to 3m from
the BTS.
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1.4
Specifications
1.4.1
General Modem & Radio
Table 1-1: General Modem & Radio Specifications
Item
Description
Operation Mode
TDD
Modulation
OFDM modulation, 1024/512 FFT points; QPSK, QAM16, QAM64
Access Method
OFDMA
FEC
Convolutional Turbo Coding: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
1.4.2
3.x GHz BTS
Table 1-2: 3.x GHz BTS Specifications
Item
Description
Frequency
3.5 GHz: 3400-3600 MHz
3.65 GHz: 3650-3700 MHz
Supported Bandwidth
5 MHz, 10MHz
Central Frequency Resolution
125 KHz
Tx Power Range
3.5 GHz: 21-30 dBm
3.65 GHz: 17-30 dBm
Tx Power Accuracy
+/- 1 dB
Max. Input Power (at antenna port)
-50 dBm before saturation
-10 dBm before damage
Dimensions (H x W x D)
510 x 280 x 147 mm
Weight (kg)
10.7
Power Source
40 to 60 VDC
Power Consumption
Single Radio: 59W maximum
Two Radios: 92W maximum
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1.4.3
Specifications
5 GHz BTS
Table 1-3: 5 GHz BTS Specifications
Item
Description
Frequency*
(see note below)
 4.9 GHz Band: 4900-5350 MHz
Supported Bandwidth
5 MHz, 10MHz
Central Frequency Resolution
 2.5 MHz @ 5 MHz bandwidth
 5.4 GHz Band: 5470-5950 MHz
 5 MHz @ 10 MHz bandwidth
Tx Power Range*
(see note below)
0-21 dBm, in 1 dBm steps
Tx Power Accuracy
+/- 1 dB
Max. Input Power 
(at antenna port)
-50 dBm before saturation
Dimensions (H x W x D)
510 x 280 x 147mm
Weight (kg)
10.7
Power Source
40 to 60 VDC
Power Consumpltion
Single Radio: 41.5W maximum
-10 dBm before damage
Two Radios: 57W maximum
NOTE
Actual supported frequencies and Tx power range depend on relevant regulations according to the
Frequency Band being used.
Maximum supported Tx Power depend also on the configured antenna gain and in some cases also
on the bandwidth, according to the maximum allowed EIRP and spectral density specified in the
relevant regulation for the selected Band Name. See also the Notes on Maximum Tx Power
Limitations for 5 GHz Units at the end of the Specifications section.
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1.4.4
Specifications
Sensitivity
Table 1-4: Sensitivity, AWGN @ PER=1%, UL Fade Margin=2dB
Modulation &
Coding
Sensitivity (dBm), 5 MHz Bandwidth
Sensitivity (dBm), 10 MHz Bandwidth
No Diversity
With Diversity
No Diversity
With Diversity
QPSK 1/2
-95
-98
-92
-95
QPSK 3/4
-92
-95
-89
-92
16QAM 1/2
-89
-92
-86
-89
16QAM 3/4
-85
-88
-82
-85
64QAM1/2
-83
-86
-80
-83
64QAM2/3
-80
-83
-77
-80
64QAM3/4
-79
-82
-76
-79
64QAM5/6
-76
-79
-73
-76
1.4.5
3.x GHz Antennas
1.4.5.1
Integral 3.x GHz Antennas
Table 1-5: Integral 3.x GHz Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
90° Dual Slant
2 x 13 dBi in the 3.3-3.8 GHz band, 90°AZ x 13°EL sector antenna, 
dual slant +/- 45° polarization, RoHS compliant.
1.4.5.2
External 3.x GHz Antennas (Optional)
Table 1-6: External 3.x GHz Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
BS ANT 60V/3.3-3.8
16.5 dBi minimum in the 3.3-3.8 GHz band, 60° AZ x 7° EL, vertical polarization,
compliant with ESTI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1 (2007-01).
76.6 x 15 x 8.7 cm, 2.2 kg. Mounting kit: 2" to 4.5" pole.
BS ANT 90V/3.3-3.8
14.5 dBi minimum in the 3.3-3.8 GHz band, 90° AZ x 7° EL, vertical polarization,
compliant with ESTI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1 (2007-01).
76.6 x 15 x 8.6 cm, 2.2 kg. Mounting kit: 2" to 4.5" pole.
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Table 1-6: External 3.x GHz Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
BS ANT 65/3.5 DP
2 x 16.5 dBi minimum in the 3.3-3.8 GHz band, 65°AZ x 7°EL sector antenna, 
dual slant +/- 45° polarization, compliance with ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1
(2007-01) and RoHS.
85.1 x 16 x 6.1 cm, 2 kg. Mounting kit: 4 to 12 cm pole.
BS ANT 90/3.5 DP
2 x 15.5 dBi minimum in the 3.3-3.8 GHz band, 90°AZ x 7°EL sector antenna, 
dual slant +/- 45° polarization, compliance with ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1
(2007-01) and RoHS.
85.1 x 16 x 6.1 cm, 2 kg. Mounting kit: 4 to 12 cm pole.
Omni ANT 3.4-3.6
10 dBi typical in the 3.4-3.6 GHz band, 360° AZ x 9° EL, vertical polarization.
67.5 tubular, 8 diameter, 0.29 kg, Mounting bracket: up to 50 mm pole.
Omni ANT 3.6-3.8
10 dBi typical in the 3.6-3.8 GHz band, 360° AZ x 9° EL, vertical polarization.
67.5 tubular, 8 diameter, 0.29 kg, Mounting bracket: up to 50 mm pole.
1.4.6
5 GHz Antennas
1.4.6.1
Integral 5 GHz Antennas
Table 1-7: Integral 5 GHz Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
ANT BS, 90° Dual Slant
2x14.5dBi in the 4.9-5.1 GHz band, 2x15dBi in the 5.15-5.875 GHz band, 90°AZ x
8°EL sector antenna, dual slant +/- 45° polarization, RoHS compliant.
* In the 90V model only a single slant is used
1.4.6.2
External 5 GHz Antennas (Optional)
Table 1-8: 5 GHz Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
5.15-5.875GHz BS 60° 16dBi.
16 dBi typical in the 5.150-5.875 GHz band (15.5 dBi in the 4.900-5.150
GHz band). 60° AZ x 10° EL sector antenna, vertical polarization, compliant
with ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1 (2007-01).
43.6 x 25 x 1.0 cm, 2.2kg, 2"-3.5" pole mountable.
5.15-5.875GHz BS 90° 17dBi.
17 dBi typical in the 5.150-5.875 GHz band (16.5 dBi in the 4.900-5.150
GHz band). 90° AZ x 6° EL sector antenna, vertical polarization, compliant
with ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1 (2007-01).
55 x 25 x 1.1 cm, 1.5kg, 2"-3.5" pole mountable.
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Table 1-8: 5 GHz Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
5.15-5.875GHz BS 120° 15dBi
15 dBi typical in the 5.150-5.875 GHz band (14.5 dBi in the 4.900-5.150
GHz band). 120° AZ x 6° EL sector antenna, vertical polarization, compliant
with ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1 (2007-01).
55.3 x 26 x 1.1 cm, 2.5kg, 2"-3.5" pole mountable.
ANT-BST-15-120
15 dBi typical in the 4.900-5.100 GHz band. 120° AZ x 6.5° EL sector
antenna, vertical polarization, compliant with ETSI EN 302 326-3 V1.2.1
(2007-01). 55 x 25 x 1.7 cm, 1.5 kg, 2"-4" pole mountable.
ANT,BS,4.9-5.875G,V9.5dBi, OMNI
9.5 dBi typical in the 4.900-5.875 GHz band. 360° AZ x 7° EL, vertical
polarization. 46.4 cm high, 2.8 cm base diameter, 0.7 kg, 1.5"-3" pole
mountable.
ANT,BS,5.15-5.875G,V8dBi,OMNI
8dBi in the 5.15-5.875 GHz band 360° AZ x 4.5° EL, vertical polarization, 70
cm high, 6cm diameter, 1.5Kg; 2.5"-4.5" pole mountable
1.4.7
Power Supply
1.4.7.1
High-Power AC/DC Power Supply
Table 1-9: High-Power AC/DC Power Supply Specifications
Item
Description
Input Volage
90 ~ 132 / 180 ~ 264 VAC (selection by switch), 47 ~ 63 Hz.
Input AC Current (typical)
8A/115 VAC, 3.2A/230VAC
Efficiency
89% typical
Output Voltage
54 VDC
Output Current
Up to 10A
Dimensions (H x W x D)
110 x 303 x 240 mm
Weight
4.75 kg
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1.4.7.2
Specifications
PoE AC/DC Power Supply for 5 GHz BTS
Table 1-10: PoE AC/DC Power Supply for 5 GHz BTS Specifications
Item
Description
Input Volage
90 ~ 264 VAC, 47 ~ 63 Hz
Input AC Current
1.8A max. at 90 VAC
Efficiency
83% minimum
Output Voltage
55 VDC
Output Current
Up to 1.27A
Dimensions (H x W x D)
33.5 x 63.5 x 160 mm
Weight
375 g
1.4.8
GPS Antennas
Table 1-11: GPS Antennas Specifications
Item
Description
High Gain
66.2 mm high, 77.5 mm diameter, 170 g, 1”-14 thread, ROHS compliant, IP 67.
35 dB gain, power consumption 30 mA max. @ 3.3 VDC. Cable length (RG-6) up to 25m.
Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C.
Basic
21 mm high, 60 mm diameter, 50 g, ¾” thru-hole or bracket mount, ROHS compliant, IP 67.
28 dB gain, power consumption 15 mA max. @ 3.3 VDC. Cable length (RG-6) up to 3m.
Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C.
1.4.9
Data Communication (Ethernet Port)
Table 1-12: Data Communication (Ethernet Port)
Item
Description
Standards Compliance
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD, IEEE 803.3u
Maximum Packet Size (including 4 CRC bytes and 4
VLAN tag bytes)
1550 bytes
Speed
10/100 Mbps, Half/Full Duplex with Auto Negotiation
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1.4.10 Configuration and Management
Table 1-13: Configuration and Management
Item
Description
Management via Data Port
 SNMP
 Telnet
SNMP Agents
SNMP ver 1 client
MIB II (RFC 1213), RFC2233, RFC2618, RFC2620, Private MIBs
Software upgrade
Using TFTP
Configuration upload/download
Using TFTP
1.4.11 Environmental
Table 1-14: Environmental Specifications
Type
Unit
Details
Operating temperature
BTS
-40°C to +60°C
AC/DC Power Supplyt
-20°C to +70°C
BTS
5%-95% non condensing
AC/DC Power Supply
20%-90% non condensing
BTS
IP 67
Operating humidity
Rain and Dust Ingress Protection
1.4.12 BTS Standards Compliance, General
Table 1-15: BTS Standards Compliance, General
Type
Standard
EMC
 ETSI EN 301 489-1/4
 ETSI EN55022 Class B
 FCC Part 15 Class B
Safety
 EN 60950-1/22
 UL 60 950-1/22
 AS/NZS 3260 (Australia / New Zealand)
Environmental
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Table 1-15: BTS Standards Compliance, General
Type
Standard
3.5 GHz Radio
 ETSI EN 302 326
 ETSI EN 302 623
 ETSI EN 301 390
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01E
3.65 GHz Radio
 FCC Part 90
 FCC Part 2
5 GHz Radio
 ETSI EN 302 326
 ETSI EN 301 390
 ETSI EN 302 502 v1.2.1
 ETSI EN 301 893 v1.5.1
 FCC Part 15.247
 FCC Part 15.407
 FCC Part 90 Subpart Y
 FCC Part 15 Subpart B
 FCC-06-96A1
 UK VNS 2107
 UK IR200
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01E
Lightning Protection
 ITU-T - K.20
 EN-61000-4-5
Ethernet
 IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD
 IEEE 803.3u
Power Supply Interface (DC)
ETSI EN 300 132-2
WiMAX
 IEEE 802.16-2004
 IEEE-802.16e-2005
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1.4.13 Notes on Maximum Tx Power Limitations for 5
GHz Units:
According to the Band Name being used the maximum allowed Tx Power depends
on the gain of antenna(s) and in some cases also on the bandwidth for ensuring
compliance with the maximum allowed EIRP and spectral density specified in the
relevant regulations.
For units operating in the FCC 4.9 GHz band the Maximum Tx Power at the
antenna port is 19dBm, regardless of BW and number of sectors.
The following tables show the calculated maximum transmitter power level
according to relevant FCC regulations for 5.4 and 5.8 GHz bands.
Table 1-16: Maximum Tx Power @ Antenna Connector, FCC 5.4 GHz
Antenna Type
RF Chains/BW
Maximum Tx Power (dbm)
Sector, 17dbi
1 RF chain /5MHz
7.7
Sector, 17dbi
2 RF chains/5MHz
4.7
Sector, 17dbi
1 RF chain /10MHz
10.7
Sector, 17dbi
2 RF chains/10MHz
7.7
Internal, 15.5dbi
1 RF chain /5MHz
8.5
Internal, 15.5dbi
2 RF chains/5MHz
8.5
Internal, 15.5dbi
1 RF chain /10MHz
11.5
Internal, 15.5dbi
2 RF chains/10MHz
11.5
Omni, 8dbi
1 RF chain /5MHz
16.7
Omni, 8dbi
2 RF chains/5MHz
13.7
Omni, 8dbi
1 RF chain /10MHz
19.7
Omni, 8dbi
2 RF chains/10MHz
16.7
Table 1-17: Maximum Tx Power @ Antenna Connector, FCC 5.8 GHz
Antenna Type and Gain
Maximum Tx Power (dbm)
Internal , dual slant 15.5dbi
20.5
Omni, 9.5dbi
24.2
Sector, 17dbi
19.7
The required calculations are performed automatically by the BTS. Actual values
also take into account the maximum Tx power that can be supported by the
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Specifications
hardware (21 dBm) and supported resolution (calculated values are rounded
down to nearest integer).
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Chapter
Installation
Chapter 2 - Installation
In This Chapter:
 “BTS Installation” on page 28
 “GPS Installation” on page 39
 “Indoor Power Supply Installation” on page 43
 “Cable Connections” on page 45
 “External Antennas Connection” on page 50
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2.1
BTS Installation
BTS Installation
CAUTION
ONLY experienced installation professionals who are familiar with local building and safety codes
and, wherever applicable, are licensed by the appropriate government regulatory authorities should
install outdoor units and antennas.
Failure to do so may void the BreezeMAX Extreme product warranty and may expose the end user
or Service Provider to legal and financial liabilities. Alvarion and its resellers or distributors are not
liable for injury, damage or regulation violations associated with the installation of outdoor units or
antennas.
The BTS can be installed on straight or angled poles (±45° from upward position)
and on a flat surface, such as walls. GPS and external antenna should be
installed above the BTS. Make sure to allow access to all components and
consider the location of power source.
All the installations options include a tilt bracket which supports:
 Rotation: ±45°
 Tilt: +7.5° to -10°
2.1.1
Installation Requirements
2.1.1.1
Packing List
 BTS (weight: 10.7 Kg.)
 Mounting kit (for 1.5''-4'' poles) including the tilt bracket and carriage
 Sealing Gland Fastening Tool
2.1.1.2
Optional Components
Kit including 4 metal bands for mounting on poles larger than 4''
2.1.1.3
Additional Installation Requirements
The following items are also required to install the BTS:
 Ethernet cable*. Not applicable for 5 GHz units using PoE power supply
option. Available in various lengths.
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BTS Installation
 Power Supply:
»
PoE Power Supply and Data and Power (indoor-outdoor) CAT5 cable*
(applicable only for 5 GHz units, available in various lengths), or:
»
High power AC/DC Power Supply unit and DC power cable* (available in
various lengths).
 Antenna(s)* and RF cable(s)* for connecting the antenna(s) to the BTS.
(applicable for units without integral antennas).
 Grounding cable with an appropriate termination.
 One of the following GPS options (see “GPS Installation” on page 39):
»
High-Gain GPS Antenna with mounting kit, 25m cable and two lightning
arrestors. Or:
»
Basic GPS Antenna kit including mounting kit, 3m cable and one lightning
arrestor.
 Installation tools and materials.
 For wall mount installation - four suitable dowels and screws.
NOTE
Items marked with an asterisk (*) are available from Alvarion.
2.1.1.4
Pole Mounting Kit
 Carriage
 Tilt bracket
 Two Heavy duty metal clamps
 4 x Threaded rods
 10 x M8X20 screws
 18 x M8 flat washers
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BTS Installation
 8 x M8 nuts
 14 x M8 spring washers
For poles larger than 4'' - additional kit containing 4 metal bands
NOTE
The lightning arrestors supplied within the GPS kit are not included in the warranty cover provided
for the GPS unit.
Additional lightning arrestors can be ordered separately
2.1.2
Assembling the Tilt Bracket on the BTS
The tilt bracket is attached and fastened to the BTS and then hung on the
carriage. After hanging the BTS on the carriage, tilt and rotate the BTS as required
before fastening the screws. The Tilt Bracket supports +7.5°/-10° tilting and ±45°
vertical plane rotation. The BTS has to be vertical to the ground.
NOTE
Install the unit with the bottom panel, including the LEDs, facing downward. Note the direction
arrows (UP) on the sides of the BTS.
CAUTION
The weight of BTS is 10.7 Kg and the weight of the Pole Mounting Kit is approximately 5 kg. Be sure
to plan the installation accordingly. It is recommended to use a harness to lift the units.
Install the unit using the supplied kit only.
To assemble the bracket on the BTS:
Place the tilt bracket on the BTS and fasten its M8 screws (see Figure 2-1 and
Figure 2-2). Apply torque of 80 [Lib*In] = 9 [N*m]
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BTS Installation
BTS
Carrying
grooves
Tilt bracket
M8X20 screws
Figure 2-1: Assembling the Tilt Bracket on the BTS
Figure 2-2: Tilt Bracket Installed on BTS
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2.1.3
BTS Installation
Installing a Lightning Arrestor for the
High-Gain GPS Antenna
If you use a High-Gain GPS antenna with a cable longer than 3m, a lightning
arrestor must be installed near the BTS.
Install the lightning arrestor (part of the GPS Kit, see “GPS Installation” on
page 39) at the designated location at the bottom of the carriage (see
Figure 2-3).
Connect one end of the 0.5 m cable to the lightning arrestor and the other end
to the GPS ANT connector on the BTS.
Carriage
Hole for lightning
arrestor
Lightning Arrestor
Figure 2-3: Installing the Lightning Arrestor on the Carriage
NOTE
 Some units are supplied with a separate pole-mounting bracket for the lightning arrestor. Instead
of attaching the lightning arrestor to the carriage, install this bracket on the pole as close to the
BTS as possible, allowing connecting the lightning arrestor to the BTS’s GPS connector.
 The lightning arrestors supplied within the GPS kit are not included in the warranty cover
provided for the GPS unit. Additional lightning arrestors can be ordered separately
2.1.4
Installing the BTS on a Pole
The BTS can be installed on poles of various sizes, using the supplied carriage
(see Figure 2-4). For poles of 1.5''-4'' in diameter, use the supplied metal clamps.
For poles larger than 4'' use metal bands.
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BTS Installation
Holes for wall
mounting screws (x4)
Groove for
metal bands
Holes for pole
mounting rods (x4)
Tilt control
screws (x2)
Holes for fastening
screws (x4)
Holes for lightning
arrestor (x4)
Figure 2-4: BreezeMAX Extreme Pole Mount Carriage
To install the Carriage on a 1.5''-4'' pole:
Assemble the tilt bracket on the BTS and fasten its four screws (see
“Assembling the Tilt Bracket on the BTS” on page 30).
If you use a High-Gain GPS antenna with a cable longer than 3m, install a
lightning arrestor on the carriage as described in “Installing a Lightning
Arrestor for the High-Gain GPS Antenna” on page 32.
Thread the four rods through the carriage.
Attach the carriage and the clamps to the pole and tighten on both sides using
the supplied washers, spring washers and nuts. Apply torque of
80 [Lib*In] = 9 [N*m].
Insert the tilt control screws into the middle-side hole of the carriage on both
sides.
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BTS Installation
Carriage
Nuts, washers
and spring
washers
Clamps
Rods
Till control screw
Figure 2-5: Assembling BTS Carriage and Clamps
Tilt control
screw
Figure 2-6: BTS Carriage and Clamps Installed
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BTS Installation
To install the Carriage on a pole larger than 4'':
Assemble the tilt bracket on the BTS and fasten its four screws (see
“Assembling the Tilt Bracket on the BTS” on page 30).
Thread the four metal bands through the grooves on the BTS carriage and
fasten them (see Figure 2-7).
Attach the carriage to the pole and fasten the metal bands (see Figure 2-7).
Insert the tilt control screws into the middle-side hole of the carriage on both
sides (Figure 2-7).
Metal bands
Tilt control screws
Figure 2-7: Installed Carriage with Metal Bands
2.1.5
Mounting the BTS on the Carriage
At this stage, after mounting the BTS on the carriage, use the Tilt bracket to tilt
and rotate the BTS as required.
CAUTION
The weight of BTS is 10.7 Kg and the weight of the Pole Mounting Kit is approximately 5 kg. Be sure
to plan the installation accordingly. It is recommended to use a harness to lift the units.
Install the unit using the supplied kit only.
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BTS Installation
To mount the BTS on the carriage:
Hang the BTS with the tilt bracket on the tilt control screws of the BTS
carriage.
Attach and fasten all the screws at both sides of the BTS carriage . Do not over
tighten.
Tilt control screw
Figure 2-8: BTS Mounted on a 1.5''-4'' Pole (with Clamps)
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BTS Installation
Figure 2-9: BTS Mounted on a Pole Larger than 4'' (with Metal Bands)
If required, slightly release the tilt bracket screws to enable rotation, and the
tilt control screws to enable tilting; Adjust the BTS position and tighten the
screws. Apply torques of 45 [Lib*In.] = 5 [N*m] to the M6 Tilt-control screws,
and 80 [Lib*In] = 9 [N*m] to the M8 screws.
2.1.6
Wall Mount Installation
The BreezeMAX Extreme BTS can be installed on walls or any flat surface. This
requires attaching and fastening the carriage with the BTS to the wall using
suitable securing means (not supplied) and then tilting and rotating the BTS as
required. The location of the screws should be planned with maximum precision.
To install the BTS on a wall:
Assemble the tilt bracket on the BTS and fasten its four screws (see
“Assembling the Tilt Bracket on the BTS” on page 30).
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BTS Installation
If you use a High-Gain GPS antenna with a cable longer than 3m, install a
lightning arrestor on the carriage as described in “Installing a Lightning
Arrestor for the High-Gain GPS Antenna” on page 32.
Place the carriage on the wall and mark the exact location of the holes to drill.
Drill the holes, and use four metal dowels and screws to affix the carriage to
the wall.
Insert the tilt control screws into the middle-side hole of the carriage on both
sides (see Figure 2-10).
Carriage
Till control screw
Holes for
wallmount
screws (to be
fastened using
dowels
Figure 2-10: Mounting the Carriage on the Wall
Hang the BTS with the tilt bracket on the tilt control screws of the BTS
carriage.
Attach and fasten all the screws at both sides of the carriage (see Figure 2-10).
Do not over tighten.
If required, slightly release the tilt bracket screws to enable rotation, and the
tilt control screws to enable tilting; Adjust the BTS position and tighten the
screws.
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2.2
GPS Installation
GPS Installation
Alvarion offers two types of GPS antenna (basic and high-gain) that can be
installed at a distance of up to 25m (high-gain) or 3m (basic) from the BTS (with
the required mounting kit and connecting cable). Refer to “GPS Antennas” on
page 21 in the Specifications section for more information.
2.2.1
Installation Requirements
 The High-gain GPS antenna is installed using a specially designed bracket and
a 25m cable. A second lightning arrestor is required with this configuration in
addition to the lightning arrestor already assembled on the BTS carriage (see
“Installing a Lightning Arrestor for the High-Gain GPS Antenna” on page 32).
 The Basic GPS antenna is installed using a specially designed bracket and a
3m cable. No lightning arrestor is required with this configuration in addition
to the lightning arrestor already assembled on the BTS carriage.
2.2.2
Packing List
GPS Mounting Kit: One of the following options:
 Basic GPS Antenna
»
Basic antenna
»
3m cable
»
Pole mount bracket
»
Two metal bands
»
One Lightning Arrestor with 0.5m cable, including screws, washer, and
spring washer (UNC10-32)
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GPS Installation
 High gain GPS Antenna
»
High gain antenna
»
25m cable
»
Pole mount bracket
»
Two metal bands
»
Carriage mounting bracket
»
Two Lightning Arrestors with 0.5m cables, including screws, washers, and
spring washers (2 x UNC10-32)
NOTE
The lightning arrestors supplied within the GPS kit are not included in the warranty cover provided
for the GPS unit.
Additional lightning arrestors can be ordered separately.
2.2.3
Installing the GPS
To install the basic GPS antenna:
Place the bracket on a flat surface and thread the GPS antenna through the
hole at the top of the bracket. Hand-tighten the fastening nut.
Assemble the lightning arrestor on the bracket, with the screws facing the
bracket. Connect one end of the 0.5 m cable to the lightning arrestor and the
other end to the GPS antenna.
Connect one end of the GPS 3m cable to the lightning arrestor, and the other
end to the GPS ANT connector on the BTS.
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GPS Installation
Hole for GPS
antenna
Holes for
metal bands
Figure 2-11: Bracket for Basic GPS
Use the supplied metal bands to assemble the bracket on a pole.
Fix the cable onto the pole using plastic strips.
To install the high-gain GPS antenna:
NOTE
Do not over-tighten or use a tool for tightening the cables, to avoid stripping the connectors.
Place the bracket on a flat surface and thread the GPS antenna through the
3/4" hole of the bracket. Hand-tighten the fastening nut.
Assemble the lightning arrestor on the bracket, with the screws facing the
bracket.
Connect one end of the 0.5 m cable to the lightning arrestor and the other end
to the GPS antenna.
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GPS Installation
Hole for
High-gain
GPS antenna
Lightning
arrestor
Holes for
metal bands
Figure 2-12: Bracket for High-Gain GPS
Use the 25m GPS cable to connect the lightning arrestor on the GPS bracket to
the second lightning arrestor installed near the BTS (see “Installing a
Lightning Arrestor for the High-Gain GPS Antenna” on page 32). Connect this
second lightning arrestor to the GPS ANT connector on the BTS.
Hand-tighten the connector on the interface cable using the locking ring for
securing the connection.
Use the supplied metal bands to assemble the bracket on a pole.
Fix the cable onto the pole using a plastic strip.
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2.3
Indoor Power Supply Installation
Indoor Power Supply Installation
The BTS is powered from a 48V DC power source. Alvarion offers a range of indoor
AC/DC power supplies to support the different power requirements of the various
BTS units:
 A PoE AC/DC power supply that can supply DC power over the Ethernet
connection to 5 GHz BTS units.
 A high power AC/DC power supply - to be used with all BTS types (see “High
Power AC/DC Power Supply Unit” on page 44).
CAUTION
Do not connect two power sources (PoE and DC input) simultaneously.
2.3.1
PoE AC/DC Power Supply
A Universal Indoor Unit AC Power Adapter is used to supply DC power over the
Ethernet connection to 5 GHz BTS units. This is an AC to DC power transfer
device, which can provide a 70W single DC output with constant voltage source.
This unit can be wall mounted or placed on the desktop.
For cable connection, refer to “Cable Connection” on page 47
Figure 2-13: PoE AC/DC Power Supply
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2.3.2
Indoor Power Supply Installation
High Power AC/DC Power Supply Unit
AC Power
connection
DC Power
connection
Grounding
Figure 2-14: Indoor High Power AC/DC Power Supply Unit
To install the indoor high power supply unit:
Place the Power Supply on a table/shelf or use 4 screws to mount the unit to
the wall.
BreezeMAX Extreme
For cable connection, refer to “Cable Connection” on page 47.
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2.4
Cable Connections
Cable Connections
The BreezeMAX Extreme is provided with sealing glands on all the cable
connectors. The DATA/DC IN/OUT, and GPS IN/OUT cables are to be connected
to the BTS by inserting the cable connector through the sealing gland. The DC
power cable is supplied with a sealing gland that should replace the existing
sealing gland provided with the BTS.
A dedicated tool is supplied for fastening the sealing glands (see Figure 2-16).
For LED indication refer to “Operation Verification” on page 55.
Sealing
Gland
GPS Antenna
DATA DC
IN/OUT
Sealed LED
window
GPS IN GPS OUT
48V
power
Figure 2-15: BTS with Sealing Glands
Figure 2-16: Sealing Gland Fastening Tool
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Cable Connections
Figure 2-17: BTS Rear View - External Antenna Connections
Table 2-1: External Connectors
Connection
Connector Type
Functionality
DATA DC IN/OUT
RJ-45
10/100BASE-T connectivity
Supports MDI/MDIX
PoE In/Out
GPS Antenna
TNC jack
Connection to GPS antenna (via
lightning arrestor(s))
GPS In
RJ-45
GPS signalling from another BTS. Not
applicable in current release
GPS Out
RJ-45
GPS signalling to another BTS. Not
applicable in current release
DC source
4-pin Mini Fit High Current
DC Power
Molex 39-29-1048
(GND)
ANT (1/2)
Grounding screw
Connection to ground (earth)
N-Type jack, 50 Ohm
Connection to external antenna(s) (not
applicable if integral)
CAUTION
Do not connect two power sources (PoE and DC input) simultaneously.
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Cable Connections
2.4.1
Cable Connection
2.4.1.1
Grounding Cable Connection
When grounding the unit, use the GND (ground) screw on the unit as a grounding
point. The Grounding screw (marked
) is located on the rear panel of the unit.
To connect the grounding cable:
Connect one end of a grounding cable to the ground terminal and firmly
tighten the grounding screw.
2.4.1.2
Connect the opposite end of the grounding cable to a ground connection.
Data/PoE Cable Connection
For all units, use Category 5E Ethernet cables with two shielded RJ-45
connectors from either Alvarion or any of the approved manufacturers, listed in
Table 2-2. The provided cables are crimped.
Consult with Alvarion's specialists on the suitability of other cables.
For 5 GHz units, if you use a PoE indoor power supply (see “Indoor Power Supply
Installation” on page 43), the data port cable is used as a power source cable. In
this case, use a Power over Ethernet (PoE) cable for connecting PoE to the
BreezeMAX Extreme unit.
NOTE
The length of the Data/PoE cable, together with the length of the Ethernet cable should not exceed
100 meters.
For 5 GHz units using two radios (diversity) the maximum length of the PoE cable
should not exceed 70m.
CAUTION
As PoE cable conducts power as well, there is a risk of electric shock and energy hazard.
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Cable Connections
Table 2-2: Approved Category 5E Ethernet Cables
Manufacturer
Part Number
Superior Cables Ltd. 
www.superior-cables.com
612098
HES Cabling Systems
H5E-00481
www.hescs.com
Teldor
www.teldor.com
8393204101
Southbay Holdings Limited
11th Fl., 15, Lane 347, Jong Jeng Rd.
Shin Juang City, Taipei County
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Attn: Eva Lin
Tel. 886-2-2832 3339
Fax. 886-2-2206 0081
E-mail: eva@south-bay.com.tw
TSM2404A0D
NOTE
In case of missing information (product specifications, ordering information, etc.) regarding these
products on the manufacturer's web site, it is highly recommended to contact the manufacturer's
sales representative directly.
To connect the data cable (with an assembled sealing gland)
Remove the DATA DC IN/OUT sealing gland from the BTS.
Open the gland and thread the cable through the gland's nut.
Carefully insert the cable with the already assembled RJ-45 connector
through the gland.
Connect the cable to the DATA connection on the BTS.
Return the gland. Use the dedicated tool to fasten it.
Use the dedicated tool to fasten the sealing gland's nut on the gland body.
Connect the other end of the cable to one of the following:
»
If you are not using PoE - to the backhauling equipment.
»
If you are using PoE (for 5 GHz units only) - to the PoE AC/DC power
supply RJ-45 connector (labeled as Radio). Connect the Ethernet port of
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Cable Connections
the PoE PS to the backhauling equipment using a standard Ethernet cable.
Connect the PoE PS to the 110/220 VAC mains.
NOTE
The combined lengths of the Ethernet cables should not exceed 100m.
2.4.1.3
DC Power Cable Connection (not applicable if using PoE)
The power cable is supplied with a specially designed sealing gland that should
replace the existing gland provided with the BreezeMAX Extreme BTS.
Cables are available either open ended at the Power Supply side or with a crimped
D-Type connector.
To connect the power cable:
Remove the existing gland from the 48V connection on the BTS.
Attach the DC power cable with the already assembled gland to the 48V
connection on the BTS.
Separate the sealing gland nut from the gland body.
Use the dedicated tool to fasten the gland to the BTS.
Use the dedicated tool to fasten the sealing gland's nut on the gland body.
Connect the other end of the power cable to the high power AC/DC power
supply.Use a standard power cable to connect to 48V DC power source.
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2.5
External Antennas Connection
External Antennas Connection
Two N-type connectors are used for optional external antenna connection (see
Figure 2-17). The connectors should have an impedance 50Ω and should be
protected against lightning.
To connect the RF cable (units with external antenna):
Connect one end of the coaxial RF cable to the connector (marked
) located
on the rear panel of the unit.
Connect the other end of the RF cable to the antenna.
The RF connectors should be properly sealed to protect against rain and
moisture.
NOTE
The recommended minimum distance between any two antennas in neighboring sectors is 0.5
meters.
The minimum distance between any two antennas in the same sector (space diversity
configuration) is 10 lambda (λ), where λ=C/Frequency (Hz). C is the speed of light in centimeters
per second which is equal to 29,979,245,800.
The minimum distance between any two antenna in the same sector (space diversity configuration)
is 1.3 meters.
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Chapter
Commissioning
Chapter 3 - Commissioning
In This Chapter:
 “Configuring Parameters Required for Remote Management” on page 53
 “Operation Verification” on page 55
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3.1
Configuring Parameters Required for Remote Management
Configuring Parameters Required for
Remote Management
After completing the installation process, as described in the preceding chapter,
some parameters must be configured using either Telnet (the Monitor application)
or AlvariCRAFT. These parameters are necessary to enable remote management of
the BTS.
NOTE
AlvariCRAFT can be used only if the Authorized Managers list in the BTS is either empty (default) or
includes the IP address of the AlvariCRAFT station.
Refer to Chapter 4 for information on how to access the Monitor application and
how to use it. Refer to the AlvariCRAFT User Manual for information on how to
use it.
The basic parameters are listed in Table 3-1. Refer to Chapter 4 for detailed
information on the applicable parameters.
Table 3-1: Basic BTS Parameters
Management Option
Parameters
BTS-Connectivity
 IP address
 Subnet Mask
 Default Gateway
 VLAN ID
 VLAN Priority
Authorized Managers 
(per manager)
 IP Address
 Read Community
 Write Community
 Traps Distribution Enabled
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Configuring Parameters Required for Remote Management
NOTE
If no Authorized Manager is defined in the device, it can be managed using SNMP by any station. If
at least one Authorized Manager is defined, the device can be managed only by a station whose
parameters match a defined Authorized Manager.
After the basic parameters have been configured, the BTS can be managed
remotely using either Telnet or SNMP-based management.
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3.2
Operation Verification
Operation Verification
To verify the correct operation of the BTS (including the GPS), examine the LED
indicators located on the bottom panel of the unit.
The following tables list the provided LEDs and their associated indications.
Table 3-2: BTS LEDs
Name
Description
Functionality
PWR
Power indication
 Off - Power failure
 Green - Power to ODU is OK, internal 3.3
VDC power supply is OK.
ALM
ETH
IDU-ODU communication
and synthesizer status
indication
 Off -Built-in-test passed successfully.
Ethernet link status
 Off - No Ethernet connection
 Red - Critical failure.
 Green - Lights when the backhaul Ethernet is
connected and blinks 500ms on and 500ms
off when data traffic appears on the Ethernet
link.
WLNK
Wireless link status
 Off - No wireless link (no MS is registered)
 Green - Blinking when the wireless link is
working (transmitting), indicating that there is
at least one registered MS being served by
the unit.
GPS
GPS synchronization status
 Off - GPS is not synchronized (see below) or
not installed.
 Green - On once the GPS is reporting on
reception of at least 4 satellites (initial
synchronization).
 Blinking Green - (0.5 Sec on, 0.5 Sec off) the
number of received satellites decreased from
4 (or more) to 3 or 2 satellites.
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Operation Verification
Table 3-2: BTS LEDs
Name
Description
Functionality
1PPS
1PPS clock status
Master Unit
 Off - GPS is not installed.
 Green - 1PPS clock is supplied by GPS.
Slave Unit (not applicable in current release):
 Off - External 1PPS is not supplied.
 Blinking Green - blinking at the 1PPS rate
when external 1PPS clock is supplied.
* All LEDs are turned on upon power up and turn off after successful completion
of the built-in-test.
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Chapter
Operation and Administration
Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration
In This Chapter:
 “BreezeMAX Extreme System Management” on page 59
 “The Monitor Program” on page 60
 “IP Addresses Configuration” on page 63
 “The Main Menu” on page 64
 “BTS Menu” on page 65
 “ASN-GW Menu” on page 97
 “Sector Menu” on page 124
 “BS Menu” on page 137
 “Radio Channel Menu” on page 157
 “Antenna Menu” on page 159
 “GPS Menu” on page 162
 “MS Menu” on page 169
 “Parameters Summary” on page 174
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4.1
BreezeMAX Extreme System Management
BreezeMAX Extreme System
Management
BreezeMAX Extreme can be managed using any of the following options:
 SNMP based management using AlvariSTAR/AlvariCRAFT (or another network
management system customized to support management of BreezeMAX
Extreme).
 Using Telnet to access the embedded Monitor application via the Ethernet
port.
NOTE
It is not possible to manage the BreezeMAX Extreme Base Transceiver Station via the wireless link
(from the MS’s side).
This chapter describes how to manage the system using the Monitor application.
For information on managing the system using AlvariSTAR/AlvariCRAFT refer to
the applicable documentation.
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The Monitor Program
4.2
The Monitor Program
4.2.1
Accessing the Monitor Program
To access the Monitor program using Telnet:
The PC used for accessing the Monitor program should be configured
according to the BTS Management Connectivity parameters (see “Connectivity”
on page 71).
Run the Telnet program connecting to the IP address of the connected port.
Select the access level according to your access rights.
The Enter the password message is displayed. Enter the password and press
the Enter key to get to the Main menu. The default passwords are:
Table 4-1: Default Passwords
Access Level
Default Password
Administrator
admin
Installer
installer
Monitor
monitor
NOTE
Following three unsuccessful login attempts (using incorrect passwords), access to the monitor
program will be blocked for 5 minutes.
If you forgot the Installer or Monitor password, the Administrator can login (with the Administrator
password) and define a new password for Installer and/or Monitor access level.
If you forgot the Administrator password, type "help" to receive a challenge string consisting of 24
characters. Contact Alvarion's Customer Service and provide the challenge string (after user
identification) to receive a temporary password. You can use this password only once to enter the
program. The password must be changed during the session to a different "permanent" password.
The system administrator should be notified of this new password. Five consecutive errors in
entering the temporary password will invalidate it. In this case, repeat this procedure to receive a
new challenge string for a new temporary password.
4.2.2
Using the Monitor Program
This section describes the Monitor program structure and navigation rules.
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The Monitor Program
 There are three access levels to the Monitor program. The available actions
depend on the access level (password) used for accessing the program:
»
Administrator: Read/Write permissions for all parameters. The default
password is admin.
»
Installer: Read/Write permissions for all options excluding the Change
Password option. The default password is installer.
»
Monitor: Read-only permissions for all parameters. The default password
is monitor.
 Each menu or submenu specifies the unit type (BreezeMAX Extreme/BTS), the
Management IP address, the running SW version and a description of the
menu.
 Each menu or submenu displays a list of numbered options. To access an
option, enter the number of the required option at the > prompt.
 At any point in the program, you can use the Esc key to return to the previous
menu (one level up) without applying any change.
 The first selectable item in most menus is the Show option, enabling to view
the current configuration of the applicable parameters. For some menus some
additional status information is displayed.
 For certain parameters, an updated value is applied only after reset or after
entering a specific command. For these parameters, both Configured and
Current values are displayed in relevant Show menus.
 The Update/Add options will display all applicable parameters line by line,
allowing to conveniently edit all of them. The availability and/or value range of
certain parameters may change according to the value selected for a previous
parameter belonging to the same group. The current value is displayed for
each parameter. To keep the current value - press Enter. To change it - enter a
new value and press Enter. The new/modified configuration will take effect
only after completing the configuration process for the all relevant parameters.
 Press the Tab key for context sensitive help text (where applicable).
 If an erroneous value was entered - the reason of the error or help text will be
displayed, and the parameter entry text will be displayed again.
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The Monitor Program
 Many menus include a Select By option, enabling to get a sub-menu for a
selected entity according to the selection criteria.
 If the Monitor program is not used for the period of time defined by the Monitor
Inactivity Time-out (see “Monitor Inactivity Timeout” on page 88), the session
will be terminated automatically.
 Select the Exit option in the Main menu to exit the program and terminate the
session.
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IP Addresses Configuration
4.3
IP Addresses Configuration
4.3.1
IP Address Configuration Restrictions
The following IP addresses should not be used and will be rejected:
 0.0.0.0
 224.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 (Multicasts, RFC 3171 D, RFC 1700 E)
Note that the following IP addresses are reserved for specific applications:
 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (Private IP addresses, RFC 1918 A)
 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 (Localhost Loopback Address, RFC 1700 A)
 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 (Zeroconf / APIPA, RFC 3330 B)
 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (Private IP addresses, RFC 1918 B)
 192.0.2.0 - 192.0.2.255 (Documentation and Examples, RFC 3330 C)
 192.88.99.0 - 192.88.99.255 (IPv6 to IPv4 relay Anycast, RFC 3068 C)
 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (Private IP addresses, RFC 1918 C)
 198.18.0.0 - 198.19.255.255 (Network Device Benchmark, RFC 2544 C)
4.3.2
IP Subnets
In a binary representation (32 bits) a Subnet Mask string must comprise a series
of contiguous binary '1's starting from the MSB, followed by a series of contiguous
binary '0's.
Subnet Masks 0.0.0.0 (all zeros, meaning “nothing”) and 255.255.255.255 (all
ones, meaning “this address only”) are illegal and will be rejected.
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4.4
The Main Menu
The Main Menu
The Main menu of the Monitor program includes the following options:
1 - BTS (see “BTS Menu” on page 65)
2 - ASN-GW (see “ASN-GW Menu” on page 97)
3 - Sector (see “Sector Menu” on page 124)
4 - BS (see “BS Menu” on page 137)
5 - Radio Channel (see “Radio Channel Menu” on page 157)
6 - Antenna (see “Antenna Menu” on page 159)
7 - GPS (see “GPS Menu” on page 162)
8 - MS (see “MS Menu” on page 169)
X - Exit (select to exit the Monitor program and terminate the Telnet session)
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4.5
BTS Menu
BTS Menu
The BTS menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary
 Show Properties
 Configuration
 Unit Control
 Fault Management
 Performance Counters
4.5.1
Show Summary
Select this option to view the current and (where applicable) configured values of
all configurable BTS parameters and options:
General:
 BTS Number
 BTS Name
 BTS Location
 BTS Contact
BTS Working Mode:
 Current BTS Working Mode
 Configured BTS Working Mode
Management Connectivity:
 Current IP Address
 Configured IP Address
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BTS Menu
 Current Subnet mask
 Configured Subnet mask
 Current Default Gateway
 Configured Default Gateway
 Current VLAN ID
 Configured VLAN ID
 Current VLAN Priority
 Configured VLAN Priority
Ethernet Interface
Speed and Duplex After Negotiation (Mbps)
Authorized Managers (for each defined manager):
 Authorized Managers Index
 Manager IP Address
 Read Community
 Write Community
 Trap Distribution Enabled
General Radio:
 Current Operator ID
 Configured Operator ID
 Operator Name
 Current Service Zone ID
 Configured Service Zone ID
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 Service Zone Name
Unit Operation Mode:
 Current Operation Mode
 Configured Operation Mode
ATPC Mode:
 ATPC Mode: Open Loop. It is assumed that Open Loop Transmit Power Control
is used by the MSs, meaning that each MS calculates the link loss considering
the BS Tx power and preamble RSSI and determines its Tx power taking into
account the estimated link loss, the number of sub-channels used and the
SNR required for the relevant rate.
UL/DL Ratio:
 Current UL / DL Ratio
 Configured UL / DL Ratio
DFS:
 Current DFS Type
 Configured DFS Type
 Current Frequencies Management Level
 Configured Frequencies Management Level
4.5.2
Show Properties
Select this option to view the general hardware and software properties of the
device:
 Product Type
 Operational SW File Name
 Operational SW Version
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 Shadow SW File Name
 Shadow SW Version
 Running From (Operational or Shadow)
 Operational Boot SW Version
 Frequency File Name
 Frequency File Version
 Digital Board Assembly Version
 Digital Board HW Version
 Radio 1 HW version
 Radio 2 HW version
 Radio 1 HPA Version
 Radio 2 HPA Version
 Product HW Type: A string defining the HW configuration of the device.
 FPGA Version
 Serial Number
 BTS MAC Address
 Cumulative Power On Time (minutes): The cumulative power-on time of the
device since first power-up.
 Cumulative Life Time (minutes): The cumulative life time of the device since
first power-up.
 Measured Temperature (degrees Celsius)
 Supported Frequency Band Name
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4.5.3
BTS Menu
Configuration
The Configuration menu includes the following options:
 General Parameters
 BTS Working Mode
 Connectivity
 Authorized Managers
 Radio
 MAC Access Lists
4.5.3.1
General Parameters
The BTS General Parameters submenu enables viewing the current values and
updating the general BTS parameters. The General Parameters include the
following:
 BTS Number
 BTS Name
 BTS Location
 BTS Contact
4.5.3.1.1
BTS Number
A BTS identifier for management purposes. Should be unique in the managed
network.
The range is from 1 to 999999.
The default is 0. A different number (unique in the managed network) must be
configured.
4.5.3.1.2
BTS Name
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 32 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
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4.5.3.1.3
BTS Menu
BTS Location
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 64 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
4.5.3.1.4
BTS Contact
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 64 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
4.5.3.2
BTS Working Mode
The BTS Working Mode defines the network ASN-GW architecture and the method
of MS authentication and service provisioning for embedded ASN-GW.
The available options are:
 Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Authenticated: The ASN-GW functionality
resides in the BTS (distributed architecture). MS authentication and services
provisioning are managed by a AAA server: MSs (see “MS Menu” on page 169)
cannot be added or deleted, and MS Services (see “MSs Services” on page 108)
are not configurable locally (read-only).
 Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not Authenticated: The ASN-GW functionality
resides in the BTS (distributed architecture). MS authentication and services
provisioning are managed by the ASN-GW using local configuration. The AAA
menu (see “AAA” on page 97) is not applicable.
 External ASN-GW: The ASN-GW is a separate entity (centralized architecture)
that communicates with the BTS over R6 interface. MS authentication and
services provisioning are managed by a AAA server. MSs (see “MS Menu” on
page 169) cannot be added or deleted. All Services configuration (see “Services
Menu” on page 107) are managed by the external ASN-GW and are not
available to the user. The AAA menu (see “AAA” on page 97) is not applicable.
When changing the BTS Working Mode from Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not
Authenticated to another mode where provisioning is managed by a AAA server,
and vice versa, MSs and MS-Services tables records are erased and all
connections are deleted.
When changing the BTS Working Mode from any Embedded Distributed ASN-GW
mode to External ASN-GW mode all Services tables (see “Services Menu” on
page 107) and AAA servers (see “AAA” on page 97) are erased.
The default BTS Working Mode is Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Authenticated.
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4.5.3.3
BTS Menu
Connectivity
The Connectivity parameters enable viewing the current and configured values
and updating the parameters of the management interface. The Connectivity
parameters include the following:
 IP Address
 Subnet mask
 Default Gateway
 VLAN ID
 VLAN Priority
4.5.3.3.1
IP Address
The IP address of the Management interface.
The default is 1.1.1.23.
Refer to the limitations described in “IP Addresses Configuration” on page 63.
4.5.3.3.2
Subnet mask
The Subnet Mask of the Management interface.
The default is 255.255.255.0.
Refer to the limitations described in “IP Addresses Configuration” on page 63.
4.5.3.3.3
Default Gateway
The Gateway IP address of the Management interface.
The default is 0.0.0.0 (meaning no default gateway).
The Default Gateway must be in the subnet of the IP Address. Refer to the
limitations described in “IP Addresses Configuration” on page 63.
4.5.3.3.4
VLAN ID
The VLAN ID to be used with management messages.
Available values are from 1 to 4094, or 4096 for No VLAN (untagged).
The default is 4096 (No VLAN).
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4.5.3.3.5
BTS Menu
VLAN Priority
The Management VLAN Priority value. Applicable only if VLAN ID is other than
4096 (No VLAN).
Available values are from 0 to 7. The default is No VLAN Priority.
4.5.3.4
Authorized Managers
The Authorized Managers submenu enables defining the properties of
management stations that are allowed to manage the BTS using SNMP.
NOTE
If no Authorized Manager is defined in the device, it can be managed using SNMP by any station,
with the default Read (public) and Write (private) Communities. If at least one Authorized Manager
is defined, the device can be managed only by a station whose parameters match a defined
Authorized Manager.
The Authorized Manager submenu includes the following options:
 Show Summary
 Select
 Add
4.5.3.4.1
Show Summary
Select this option to view the details of all currently defined authorized managers.
4.5.3.4.2
Select
This option enables selecting an existing authorized manager for viewing or
updating its properties or for deleting it from the database. The selection is based
on the authorized manager's IP address.
The Selected Manager submenu includes the following options:
 Show: For viewing the details of the selected Manager.
 Update: For updating the properties of the selected Manager, except to its IP
Address. Refer to the following Add section for details on the configurable
parameters.
 Delete: For deleting the selected Manager from the database.
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4.5.3.4.3
BTS Menu
Add
Select this option to add a new authorized manager. Up to 5 Authorized Managers
can be defined. The following parameters can be configured:
 Manager IP Address
 Read Community
 Write Community
 Traps Distribution Enabled
4.5.3.4.3.1
Manager IP Address
The IP address of the Authorized Manager. Refer to the limitations described in “IP
Addresses Configuration” on page 63.
The IP Address of an existing Manager cannot be updated (to change it you must
first delete the Manager).
4.5.3.4.3.2
Read Community
The SNMP Read Community to be used by the Authorized Manager. A null Read
Community means that the read (get) operation can only be performed using the
Write Community.
Valid Community strings: 1 to 32 printable characters, case sensitive.
The default is public.
4.5.3.4.3.3
Write Community
The SNMP Write Community to be used by the Authorized Manager. A null Write
Community means that the Authorized Manager has Read only access rights.
Valid Community strings: 1 to 32 printable characters, case sensitive.
The default is private.
4.5.3.4.3.4
Traps Distribution Enabled
The Traps Distribution Enabled parameters whether to enable or disable sending
of traps to the Authorized Manager.
The default is Enable.
4.5.3.5
Radio
The Radio submenu includes two options:
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 Show: Enables viewing the current values of the Radio parameters. For
parameters that are applied only after reset, the configured values are also
displayed:
»
»
»
General Radio
◊
Current Operator ID
◊
Configured Operator ID
◊
Operator Name
◊
Current Service Zone ID
◊
Configured Service Zone ID
◊
Service Zone Name
Unit Operation Mode
◊
Current Operation Mode
◊
Configured Operation Mode
ATPC Mode
◊
ATPC Mode: Open Loop. It is assumed that Open Loop Transmit Power
Control is used by the MSs, meaning that each MS calculates the link
loss considering the BS Tx power and preamble RSSI and determines
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BTS Menu
its Tx power taking into account the estimated link loss, the number of
sub-channels used and the SNR required for the relevant rate.
»
»
»
UL / DL Ratio
◊
Current UL / DL Ratio
◊
Configured UL / DL Ratio
Band Name
◊
Current Band Name
◊
Configured Band Name
DFS (if applicable)
◊
DFS Type: Read-only, according to the current Band Name. The options
are ETSI, FCC, Normal ETSI, Normal FCC.
◊
Current Frequencies Management Level
◊
Configured Frequencies Management Level
 Update: Enables updating the configured values of Radio parameters.
The configurable Radio Parameters include the following:
 Operator ID
 Operator Name
 Service Zone ID
 Service Zone Name
 Operation Mode
 DL / UL Ratio
 Band Name
 DFS
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4.5.3.5.1
BTS Menu
Operator ID
The Operator ID is a unique identifier of the radio network. The same Operator ID
must be used by all devices belonging to the same wireless access network.
The Operator ID is presented as x.y.z, where x, y, z are in the range 0 to 255.
The default Operator ID is 0.0.0. The BTS will not start transmitting until a
different Operator ID is defined.
4.5.3.5.2
Operator Name
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 32 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
4.5.3.5.3
Service Zone ID
The Service Zone ID form a part of the BS ID (see BS ID in Section 4.8.1). Each
Service Zone may include up to a total of 32 cells, with a maximum of 18 cells
with 4 sectors per cell.
The value range is from 0 to 2047.
The default value 0. The BTS will not start transmitting until a different Service
Zone ID is defined.
4.5.3.5.4
Service Zone Name
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 32 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
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4.5.3.5.5
BTS Menu
Operation Mode
The following operation modes are supported in current release:
 Single Sector Single BS no Diversity:
 Single Sector Single BS with Diversity:
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BTS Menu
NOTE
PRO 1000 and Si 1000 CPEs can operate only with MIMO A diversity. To support these CPEs by
units with a single radio, it is possible to set the Operation Mode of such a unit to Single Sector
Single BS with Diversity, although actual operation is with a single radio, single antenna and a
single Rx/Tx radio channel.
The available operation modes depend on the supplied configuration and installed
license options.
4.5.3.5.6
DL / UL Ratio
The DL/UL Ratio defines the ratio of transmit (downlink) time to receive (uplink)
time, in percents.
NOTE
In the current release only ratio of DL = 60% : UL = 40% with compliance to DL/UL slots ratio of 29,
18 is supported. Other options described below will be supported by future releases.
The available values are:
 DL = 70%: UL = 30% - applicable only for BWs 7MHz and 3.5MHz. (complies
with DL/UL slots ratio of 24, 9)
 DL = 65%: UL = 35% - applicable only for BWs 10MHz and 5MHz. (complies
with DL/UL slots ratio of 32, 15)
 DL = 60%: UL = 40% - applicable for BWs 10, 7, 5 and 3.5MHz. (complies with
DL/UL slots ratio of 29, 18 and 21, 12)
 DL = 55%: UL = 45% - applicable for BWs 10, 7, 5 and 3.5MHz. (complies with
DL/UL slots ratio of 26, 21 and 18,15 or SQN initiated as 53%-47%)
 DL = 50%: UL = 50% - applicable only for BWs 10MHz and 5MHz. (complies
with DL/UL slots ratio of 23, 24 or SQN initiated as 47%-53%)
 DL = 45%: UL = 55% - applicable only for BWs 7MHz and 3.5MHz. (complies
with DL/UL slots ratio of 15, 18 or SQN initiated as 44%-56%)
 DL = 35%: UL = 65% - applicable only for BWs 7MHz and 3.5MHz. (complies
with DL/UL slots ratio of 12, 21)
The default is DL = 60%: UL = 40%. In the current release only this option is
supported, with compliance to DL/UL slots ratio of 29, 18.
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A change in the configured DL/UL Ratio is applied only after reset.
CAUTION
The DL/UL Ratio of all BTSs in the same coverage area (neighboring cells) must be set to the same
value to ensure optimal performance and avoid uplink saturation.
4.5.3.5.7
Band Name
The Band Name to be used. In all units operating in the licensed 2.x or 3.x GHz
bands only a single Band Name is applicable, according to the unit’s HW
properties. In 5GHz units several Band Name options are available to support
different local regulations.
CAUTION
In 5 GHz units, it is the responsibility of the Administrator to verify that the selected Band Name is in
accordance with relevant local regulations.
The default for 4.9 GHz units is 4.9 GHz Universal.
The default for 5.4 GHz units is 5.4 GHz Universal.
The parameters that are affected by the selected Band Name are:
 Supported frequency range. For details refer to “Frequency” on page 128.
 Maximum EIRP allowed by regulations. This parameter affects the allowed
range for Tx Power. For more details refer to “Tx Power” on page 129.
 Required DFS algorithm. For more details refer to “DFS” on page 80.
Table 4-2: Band Name’s Dependent Parameters, 4.9 GHz Units
Band Name
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Maximum EIRP (dBm)
5 MHz BW
10 MHz BW
4.9 GHz Universal
4900-5350
No Limit
No Limit
None
4.9 GHz FCC
4940-4990
No Limit
No Limit
None
4.9 GHz Japan A
4900-5000
34
34
None
4.9 GHz Japan B
5030-5091
34
34
None
5.3 GHz ETSI
5250-5350
20
23
ETSI
5.2 GHz ETSI
5150-5250
20
23
None
5.2 GHz FCC
5150-5250
27
30
None
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Table 4-2: Band Name’s Dependent Parameters, 4.9 GHz Units
Band Name
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Maximum EIRP (dBm)
Supported
DFS
5 MHz BW
10 MHz BW
5.3 GHz FCC
5250-5350
27
30
FCC
5.1 GHz FAA
5090-5150
No Limit
No Limit
None
Table 4-3: Band Name’s Dependent Parameters, 5.4 GHz Units
Band Name
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Maximum EIRP (dBm)
Supported
DFS
5 MHz BW
10 MHz BW
5.4 GHz Universal
5470-5900*
No Limit
No Limit
None
5.9 GHz Universal
5900-5950
No Limit
No Limit
None
5.4 GHz ETSI
5470-5725
27
30
ETSI
5.8 GHz ETSI
5725-5875
30
33
ETSI
5.4 GHz FCC
5470-5725
27
30
FCC
5.8 GHz FCC
5725-5875
36
36
None
5.4 GHz Australia A
5490-5585
24
27
Normal FCC
5.4 GHz Australia B
5655-5725
24
27
Normal FCC
5.8 GHz Australia
5730-5840
33
36
None
5.8 GHz UK
5725-5845
30
33
Normal ETSI
* The frequency 5725 MHz is illegal and cannot be used.
4.5.3.5.8
DFS
The DFS option is applicable only for units operating in the 5 GHz frequency
bands using a Band Name specifying that DFS should be used. The DFS feature is
managed separately for each sector (see “DFS” on page 131). The BTS level DFS
parameters are common to both sectors (if applicable) and it includes the
following parameters:
 DFS Type
 Frequencies Management Level
4.5.3.5.8.1
DFS Type
The DFS Type parameter defines the DFS algorithm to be used. This read-only
parameter is set according to the DFS type specified in the selected Band Name.
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The available DFS algorithm (according to the selected Band Name) are:
 ETSI/FCC: The algorithm searches (passive listening) for radar signals
according to relevant ETSI or FCC regulations. To increase the probability of
radar detection for compliance with the relevant regulations, additional silence
zone is added to the uplink at the expense of slightly reduced throughput in
the downlink. This means that although the specified DL-UL Ratio is 60-40,
the actual DL-UL Ratio is 40-60 in ETSI and 45-55 in FCC (where the
additional UL bandwidth is dedicated to “silence” zone).
 Normal ETSI/Normal FCC: The algorithm searches for radars according to
relevant ETSI or FCC regulations. However, the DL/UL ratio is not affected
(probability of detection is lower than required by the relevant regulations).
Table 4-4: Supported DFS, 4.9 GHz Units
Band Name
Supported DFS
4.9 GHz Universal
None
4.9 GHz FCC
None
4.9 GHz Japan A
None
4.9 GHz Japan A
None
5.3 GHz ETSI
ETSI
5.2 GHz ETSI
None
5.2 GHz FCC
None
5.3 GHz FCC
FCC
5.1 GHz FAA
None
Table 4-5: Supported DFS, 5.4 GHz Units
BreezeMAX Extreme
Band Name
Supported DFS
5.4 GHz Universal
None
5.9 GHz Universal
None
5.4 GHz ETSI
ETSI
5.8 GHz ETSI
ETSI
5.4 GHz FCC
FCC
5.8 GHz FCC
None
5.4 GHz Australia A
Normal FCC
5.4 GHz Australia B
Normal FCC
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Table 4-5: Supported DFS, 5.4 GHz Units
4.5.3.5.8.2
Band Name
Supported DFS
5.8 GHz Australia
None
5.8 GHz UK
Normal ETSI
Frequencies Management Level
The Frequencies Management Level defines the method of handling the DFS
Frequencies Table (see “Update” on page 158) when two sectors use DFS. When
set to Sector Level, the Frequencies Table of each sector is managed
independently. When set to BTS Level, each sector uses information about
frequencies (Radar Detected/Clear Channel) from the other one.
The default is Sector Level.
4.5.3.6
MAC Access Lists
The MAC Address List menu enables viewing and managing the Denied list. The
Denied list can include up to 256 MAC addresses. An MS whose MAC address is
included in this list will not receive any services. To Add or Remove a MAC
address to/from the list use the format xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx.
4.5.4
Unit Control
The Unit Control menu of the enables changing the access Passwords, resetting
the BTS, reverting to the factory default configuration, managing the SW versions
of the BTS and uploading/downloading configuration backup files.
The Unit Control menu includes the following options:
 Change Password
 Reset BTS
 Reset to BTS Factory Defaults
 SW Version Control
 Configuration File Control
 Monitor Inactivity Timeout
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4.5.4.1
BTS Menu
Change Password
For security and control reasons, the Change Password option is available only for
users with Administration access rights. The Change Password option enables
defining the passwords for each of the three different access levels: Administrator,
Installer and Monitor. After changing the password for a selected access level, you
will be prompted to re-enter the new password for confirmation.
NOTE
For security reasons, the passwords do not change after performing the Set Factory Defaults
operation.
Valid passwords: 1 to 16 printable characters, case sensitive.
The default passwords are:
Table 4-6: Default Passwords
4.5.4.2
Access Level
Default Password
Administrator
admin
Installer
installer
Monitor
monitor
Reset BTS
Select this option to reset the BTS. To avoid unintentional reset, you will be
prompted to confirm the reset request. Changes to some of the configurable
parameters are applied only after reset.
Refer to “Parameters Summary” on page 174 for information on which parameters
are changeable in run time and which changes are applied only after reset.
4.5.4.3
Reset to BTS Factory Defaults
Select this option to set the BTS parameters to their factory default values. All
parameters, excluding the access Passwords, BTS General parameters and BTS
Connectivity parameters (required to enable remote management of the BTS) will
revert to their default values after the next reset. Note that AAA servers and
Authorized Managers will be deleted. Services (if applicable) are not deleted.
Refer to “Parameters Summary” on page 174 for information on the factory default
values of all parameters.
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4.5.4.4
BTS Menu
SW Version Control
The BTS can contain two SW versions:
 Operational: Each time the BTS resets it will reboot using the version defined
as Operational.
 Shadow: Normally the Shadow version is the backup version. Each time a new
SW File is downloaded to the BTS, it will be stored as a Shadow version,
replacing the previous Shadow Version.
The typical process of upgrading to a new SW version includes the following steps:
Download the new SW File to the BTS. It will be stored as the Shadow version.
Reset and run the BTS from its Shadow version. Note that at this stage, if a
reset were to occur, the BTS will return to the previous Operational version.
If you want to continue using the new version, swap the Shadow and
Operational versions. The new (currently running) version is now defined as
Operational, and will be used each time the BTS reboots. The previous version
is defined now as Shadow.
Each SW version includes two identifiers:
 SW File, which is the name of the downloaded SW file. This name does not
necessarily include clear identification of the SW version number.
 SW Version, which provides the SW version number.
The SW Version Control submenu includes the following options:
 Show Versions
 Show Activation and Status Parameters
 Load to Shadow
 Reset and Run from Shadow
 Set Running Version as Operational
4.5.4.4.1
Show Versions
Select this option to view the current available versions and the running version:
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 Operational SW File
 Operational SW Version
 Shadow SW File
 Shadow SW Version
 Running From: Operational or Shadow
 Operational Boot SW Version
4.5.4.4.2
Show Activation and Status Parameters
Select this option to view details on the last requested Load to Shadow or Load
Boot SW operation. The displayed details include:
 Process Initiator IP Address: The IP address of the station that initiated the
process.
 Process Status: The status/results of the last SW loading process. The status
can be None, In Progress, Completed Successfully, or Failed. For a failed
process the reason is also provided. A process may fail due to various reasons
including TFTP problem, the SW file may already exist in the device, there is
not sufficient memory space or a CRC error.
4.5.4.4.3
Load to Shadow
The Load to Shadow option enables initiating a process of loading a new SW file to
the BTS. The loaded SW file will be stored as the new Shadow file.
The following parameters should be configured each time you want to initiate a
Load to Shadow operation:
 TFTP Server IP Address: The IP address of the TFTP Server holding the SW
file to be loaded.
 File Name: The path to and file name of the SW file to be loaded. A string
comprising 1 to 80 characters.
4.5.4.4.4
Reset and Run from Shadow
Select the Reset and Run from Shadow option to reset the BTS and run the
Shadow version after power up. To avoid unintentional actions you will be
prompted to confirm the request.
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4.5.4.4.5
BTS Menu
Set Running Version as Operational
When the BTS is running the Shadow version (after selecting Reset and Run from
Shadow), it will boot from the Operational version after the next reset. Select the
Set as Operational option if you want to swap versions so that the running version
will become the Operational version and will be the version to be used after reset.
To avoid unintentional actions you will be prompted to confirm the request.
4.5.4.5
Configuration File Control
The Configuration File Control submenu enables creating backup files of the BTS
configuration and uploading/downloading a configuration file from/to the BTS. It
also enables creating and uploading an Event Log file from the BTS.
The Configuration File Control menu also enables downloading a Frequency
Bands File to the BTS. A Frequency Bands File includes all relevant parameters of
the frequency band supported by the device such as frequency range, resolution,
allowed Tx Power range, etc. The option to download a Frequency Bands File
enables loading an updated version of the file (if necessary) without the need to
replace the SW version.
The Configuration File Control menu includes the following menu options:
 Upload Configuration File From The Unit
 Download Configuration File To The Unit
 Show Activation and Status Parameters
4.5.4.5.1
Upload Configuration File From The Unit
The Upload Configuration File menu includes the following options:
 Create Full Configuration File
 Create Services (SP & MSF) File
 Create Event Log File
 Activate Upload Operation
4.5.4.5.1.1
Create Full Configuration File
The Create Full Configuration File option enables creating an updated
configuration file that contains all the configurable parameters of the device.
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4.5.4.5.1.2
BTS Menu
Create Services (SP & MSF) File
The Create Services (SP & MSF) File option enables creating an updated
configuration file that contains all the Services related parameters. This includes
the Service Profiles and Multiple Service Flows with all the relevant components
(QoS Profiles, Service Rules, Classifiers, Service Groups, Service Interfaces and
Forwarding Rules). This option is not applicable for External ASN-GW working
mode.
4.5.4.5.1.3
Create Event Log File
The Create Event Log File option enables creating an updated file that contains all
the events in the device’s event log.
4.5.4.5.1.4
Activate Upload Operation
The Activate Upload Operation option enables initiating a process of uploading a
configuration file to an external TFTP server.
The following parameters should be configured each time you want to initiate a
configuration file upload operation:
 File Type: Full Configuration, Services (SP & MSF) File or Event Log File. Note
that the Services (SP & MSF) File option is not applicable for External ASN-GW
working mode.
 TFTP Server IP Address: The IP address of the TFTP Server to which the file
should be loaded.
 File Path and Name: The path to and file name to be assigned to the uploaded
file in the TFTP server. A string comprising 1 to 80 characters.
The default file names are:
4.5.4.5.2
»
Full Configuration: backup.res
»
Services: profiles_srvc.res
»
Event Log: traps_logs.res
Download Configuration File To The Unit
The Download Configuration File option enables initiating a process of
downloading a file from an external TFTP server.
To initiate a new download operation, configure the following parameters and
reset the unit:
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 File Type: Full Configuration, Services (SP & MSF) File, or Frequency
File.Note that the Services (SP & MSF) File option is not applicable for External
ASN-GW working mode.
 TFTP Server IP Address: The IP address of the TFTP Server from which the
file should be loaded.
 File Path and Name: The path to and file name of the file to be downloaded. A
string comprising 1 to 80 characters.
The default file names are:
»
Full Configuration: backup.res
»
Services: profiles_srvc.res
»
Frequency File: Rfu.db
NOTE
To avoid loss of connectivity behind a router, the Management Connectivity parameters are not
changed when loading a Full backup file to the BTS. The values of these parameters configured in
the target BTS before the loading process, are maintained.
4.5.4.5.3
Show Activation and Status Parameters
Select this option to view details on the last requested upload/download
operation.
4.5.4.6
Monitor Inactivity Timeout
The Monitor Inactivity Timeout (min) parameter determines the amount of inactive
time following which the unit automatically exits the Monitor program.
The time out duration can range from 0 to 60 minutes. 0 means no inactivity
timeout.
The default value is 10 minutes.
4.5.5
Fault Management
The Fault Management menu includes the following options:
 Trap Configuration
 Show Active Alarm Log Table
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 Event Log Selection Criteria
 Show Event Log Table By Selection Criteria
 Show All Event Log Table
4.5.5.1
Trap Configuration
The Trap Configuration menu enables viewing current parameters of all traps and
updating the parameters of a selected trap. It also enables viewing traps with
modified parameters (different from the default) and restoring the configuration of
all modified traps to their default values.
The available options are:
 Show
 Distribution Enabled
 Alarm Severity
 Suppression Interval
4.5.5.1.1
Show
Select this option to view a list of all traps and their parameters. For each trap,
the following details are displayed:
 Trap ID
 Name
 Distribution Enabled (the default for all traps is Enabled)
 Suppression Interval (in seconds. The default is 0, which means no
suppression).
 Default Severity*
 Current Severity*
* The Severity parameter is applicable only for Alarm traps. It is not applicable to
other trap categories (System Event, Configuration Change Event).
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4.5.5.1.2
BTS Menu
Distribution Enabled
The Distribution Enabled submenu includes the following options:
 Show Distribution Disabled Traps: Displays all traps with Distribution
Enabled parameter set to Disable (the default for all traps is Enable).
 Update: Enables modifying the Distribution Enabled parameter of a selected
trap.
 Restore Distribution Enabled Defaults: Enables restoring the Distribution
Enabled parameter of all traps to the default value (Enable).
4.5.5.1.3
Alarm Severity
The Alarm Severity option is applicable only for Alarm traps.
The Alarm Severity submenu includes the following options:
 Show Modified Traps (Severity Changed): Displays the current and default
Severity for all Alarm traps with modified Severity (different from the default).
 Update: Enables modifying the Severity parameter of a selected Alarm trap.
The available options are Indeterminate, Critical, Major, Minor, Warning.
 Restore Severity Defaults: Enables restoring the default Severity parameter
of all traps to the default value.
4.5.5.1.4
Suppression Interval
The Suppression Interval submenu includes the following options:
 Show Modified Traps (Suppression Interval Changed): Displays all traps
with a modified Suppression Interval (the default for all traps is 0).
 Update: Enables modifying the Suppression Interval parameter of a selected
trap. The available range is from 0 to 86,400 (seconds). The default is 0, which
means no suppression.
 Restore Suppression Interval Defaults: Enables restoring the Suppression
Interval parameter of all traps to the default value (0, meaning no
suppression).
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4.5.5.2
BTS Menu
Show Active Alarm Log Table
Select to view the currently active alarms. For each active alarm, the following
details are displayed:
 Seq#: The sequential identification number of the event (trap).
 Time: The Date and Time at which the alarm was generated.
 MO Type & Instance: The Type and Instance (ID number) of the applicable
Managed Object. The possible MO Types are BTS, ASN GW, AAA, Sector, BS,
Radio Channel, GPS, Antenna, MS, and MS Service.
 Event Type: The type of event (first level of event description).
 Probable Cause: The probable cause of the event (second level of event
description).
 Specific Problem: The specific problem that caused the event (third level of
event description).
 Alarm Severity: The defined severity of the Alarm.
 Object Severity: The combined events severity for the Managed Object at the
time the alarm was generated.
For more details on alarms, refer to the Traps and Alarms document.
4.5.5.3
Event Log Selection Criteria
This submenu enables Select to view/update the filtering criteria for the Show
Event Log Table By Selection Criteria display (see “Show Event Log Table By
Selection Criteria” on page 92). For more details on events refer to the Traps and
Alarms document. The configurable filtering criteria are:
 Minimum Severity
 Last Days
 Managed Object Type
 Specific Event Category
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4.5.5.3.1
BTS Menu
Minimum Severity
The Minimum Severity parameter enables defining the minimum severity filter.
Traps whose severity is below the defined severity will not be displayed.
The available options are Clear, Indeterminate, Critical, Major, Minor, Warning.
The default is Clear severity, which means that all the traps in the log will be
displayed, including traps indicating that a problem has been resolved (cleared).
4.5.5.3.2
Last Days
The Days parameter enables defining the period for which traps will be displayed.
The available options are from 1 to 31 days. Only traps that occurred within the
last N days, where N is the value selected for this parameter, will be displayed.
The default is 1 day.
4.5.5.3.3
Managed Object Type
The Managed Object Type parameter enable limiting the display to traps
associated with a specific Managed Object type.
The available options are All, BTS, ASN GW, Sector, BS, Radio Channel, GPS,
Antenna, MS and MS Service.
The default is All.
4.5.5.3.4
Specific Event Category
The Specific Event Category parameter enables limiting the display to traps of a
certain category.
The available options are All, Alarm, State Change, Configuration Change, System
Event.
The default is All.
4.5.5.4
Show Event Log Table By Selection Criteria
Select this option to display details of all events that meet the defined filtering
criteria (see “Event Log Selection Criteria” on page 91). For each event, the
following details are displayed:
 Seq#: The sequential identification number of the event (trap).
 Time: The Date and Time at which the event was generated.
 MO Type & Instance: The Type and Instance (ID number) of the applicable
Managed Object.
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 Event Type: The type of event (first level of event description).
 Probable Cause: The probable cause of the event (second level of event
description).
 Specific Problem: The specific problem that caused the event (third level of
event description).
 Event Severity: The defined severity of the Event.
 Object Severity: The combined events severity for the Managed Object at the
time at which the event was generated.
 Group OID: Applicable only for Configuration Change event. Indication of the
changed parameter or the group of parameters where a change occurred.
 Event Description: Description of the event.
 Specific Data: Additional details on the event.
4.5.5.5
Show All Event Log Table
Select this option to display all events logged in the device without any filtering.
The displayed details are the same as for “Show Event Log Table By Selection
Criteria” on page 92.
4.5.6
Performance Counters
The Performance Counters menu enables viewing and resetting the Traffic
counters of the Data Ethernet interface and of the Data Path. The displayed
information and counters include:
4.5.6.1
Ethernet
General Interface Details
 MTU: The size of the largest packet which can be sent/received on the
interface, specified in octets.
 Speed: The speed of the interface in bits per second.
 BTS MAC Address: The MAC address of the interface.
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 Operational Status: The current operational state of the interface
(Up/Down/Testing). The Testing state indicates that no operational packets
can be passed.
Ethernet Interface Counters:
 Received Bytes: The number of octets in valid MAC frames received on this
interface, including the MAC header and FCS.
 Received Unicast Packets: The number of packets received on this interface,
which were not addressed to a multicast or broadcast address.
 Received And Discarded Packets: The number of received packets which were
chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent
their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for
discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.
 Received Multicast Packets: The number of packets received on this interface,
which were addressed to a multicast address.
 Received Broadcast Packets: The number of packets received on this interface,
which were addressed to the broadcast address.
 Transmitted Bytes: The number of octets transmitted in MAC frames on this
interface, including the MAC header and FCS.
 Transmitted Unicast Packets: The number of packets transmitted on this
interface, which were not addressed to a multicast or broadcast address.
 Packets Discarded On Tx: The number of outbound packets which were
chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent
their being transmitted. One possible reason for discarding such a packet
could be to free up buffer space.
 Transmitted Multicast Packets: The number of packets transmitted on this
interface, which were addressed to a multicast address.
 Transmitted Broadcast Packets: The number of packets transmitted on this
interface, which were addressed to the broadcast address.
 Report Flag (ifPromiscuousMode): This object has a value of false(2) if this
interface only accepts packets/frames that are addressed to this station. This
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object has a value of true(1) when the station accepts all packets/frames
transmitted on the media. The value does not affect the reception of broadcast
and multicast packets/frames by the interface.
4.5.6.2
Data Path
The Data Path counters provides information on data path (customer services)
traffic. The data path counters are:
 Received Bytes: The number of received data path octets.
 Received Unicast Packets: The number of received data path unicast packets.
 Received And Discarded Packets: The number of received data path packets
which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to
prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason
for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.
 Received Multicast Packets: The number of received data path multicast
packets.
 Received Broadcast Packets: The number of received data path broadcast
packets.
 Total Received Packets: The total number of received data path packets.
 Packet Dropped from Input Queue: The number of packets that were dropped
from the queue of packets forwarded by the Ethernet interface.
 Transmitted Bytes: The number of transmitted data path octets.
 Transmitted Unicast Packets: The number of transmitted data path unicast
packets.
 Packets Discarded On Tx: The number of outbound data path packets which
were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to
prevent their being transmitted. One possible reason for discarding such a
packet could be to free up buffer space.
 Transmitted Multicast Packets: The number of transmitted data path
multicast packets.
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 Transmitted Broadcast Packets: The number of transmitted data path
broadcast packets.
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4.6
ASN-GW Menu
ASN-GW Menu
The ASN-GW menu includes the following options:
 AAA
 Services Menu
4.6.1
AAA
4.6.1.1
Working with RADIUS Servers
Managing a large number of users creates the need for significant administrative
support together with careful attention to security, authorization and accounting.
The use of RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) enables
operators to manage a single database of users, supporting authentication
(verifying user name and password) as well as configuration information detailing
the type of service to deliver to the user and the traffic that the user transmitted
and received, for billing proposes.
RADIUS is a protocol for carrying authentication, authorization, and configuration
information between a Network Access Server (NAS), which desires to
authenticate its links, and a shared Authentication server. A Network Access
Server operates as a client of RADIUS. The client is responsible for passing user
information to designated RADIUS server(s), and then acting on the response.
RADIUS servers are responsible for receiving user connection requests,
authenticating the user, and then returning all configuration information
necessary for the client to deliver service to the user.
In BreezeMAX Extreme systems, a RADIUS NAS is implemented in each BTS. MS
authentication and service provisioning are managed by a RADIUS Authentication
server if the BTS working mode is Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Authenticated
(If the BTS working mode is Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not Authenticated
MS authentication and service provisioning are managed by the embedded
ASN-GW using local configuration. In External ASN-GW working mode the entire
ASN-GW functionality resides outside the BTS).
Transactions between the client and RADIUS server are authenticated using
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) through encryption based on RSA
Message Digest Algorithm MD5 and a Shared Secret, which is never sent over the
network.
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The Access-Request is submitted to the RADIUS server via the network. If no
response is returned within a length of time, the request is re-sent a number of
times. Once the RADIUS server receives the request, it validates the sending
client. A request from a client for which the RADIUS server does not have a shared
secret must be silently discarded. If the client is valid, the RADIUS server consults
a database of users to find the user whose User Name matches the request. The
user entry in the database contains the User Password that must be verified.
The MS authentication and service provisioning process when the BTS Working
Mode is Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Authenticated is:
User Name and Password should be configured in the MS.
All required Service Profiles and Multiple Service Flows, including their
components, should be configured in the BTS.
The RADIUS Authentication server(s) should be configured with the relevant
MS’s details (User Name and Password) and their corresponding services,
including the relevant service parameters (references to Service Profiles and
Multiple Service Flows).
When an MS attempt registering at the BTS, the BTS searches within its local
database. The details of each MS (and the provisioned Services) are
maintained in the database for about 20 minutes after being disconnected. If
this MS will reconnect within 20 minutes, they will be provisioned with the
same service(s) without re-authentication.
The RADIUS server searches for the corresponding service(s) defined for the
MS (based on the User Name and Password).
»
If it finds the applicable service(s) the RADIUS server replies to the
ASN-GW with an access-accept message that includes the relevant
Service(s) parameters.
»
If the RADIUS server does not find matching MS’s credentials or defined
service(s), it replies to the ASN-GW with a reject message.
According to the response from the RADIUS server, the ASN-GW either
authenticates the MS and provides the appropriate service(s) or rejects the MS.
Part of the information sent from the RADIUS server can include the
Authentication Time Out. Before the end of this time the ASN-GW should
re-authenticate the MS with the RADIUS server. This allows the operator to
stop service for a customer even if the MS was not reset and the network entry
process was not re-started.
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A RADIUS server can be used for authentication purposes only, for accounting
purposes only, or for both authentication and accounting purposes. In the current
release one server of each type can be defined.
The AAA menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary
 Configuration
4.6.1.2
Show Summary
Select the Show Summary option to view the configuration and status details for
the general AAA Client parameters and for each of the defined Authentication
and/or Accounting Servers. For more details on these parameters refer to the
relevant sections in the AAA Configuration menu below.
4.6.1.3
Configuration
The AAA Configuration menu includes the following options:
 AAA Client
 Authentication Server
 Accounting
4.6.1.3.1
AAA Client
The AAA Client menu enables viewing and updating general parameters that
affect the communication with all RADIUS servers. These parameters include:
 Retry Interval (sec)
 Maximum Number of Retries
 Keep Alive Timeout (sec)
4.6.1.3.1.1
Retry Interval (sec)
The Retry Interval parameter defines the time in seconds to wait before
retransmitting a RADIUS message if no response is received.
The range is 1-30 (seconds).
The default value is 5 (seconds).
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4.6.1.3.1.2
ASN-GW Menu
Maximum Number of Retries
The Maximum Number of Retries parameter defines the maximum number of
retransmission attempts, before a decision is taken to revert to another server if
configured (not applicable for current release where only one server of each type
can be defined), or give up.
The range is 1-10 (retries).
The default value is 3 (retries).
4.6.1.3.1.3
Keep Alive Timeout (sec)
The NPU maintains a keep alive mechanism with all defined servers. The Keep
Alive Timeout defines the time in seconds between keep alive messages.
The range is 60-180 (seconds).
The default value is 60 (seconds).
NOTE
When the BTS sends keep alive message to the server, it uses it's own default User Name and
User Password.
These User Name and User Password must be configured in the users list (the same list used for
the MSs) of the server, otherwise the server will response with a reject message as "User name not
found", and the BTS will process these rejects as a proper answer, and keep the AAA status as
"up". This means that even if "KeepAliveUserNameAndPassword" is not defined, the keepalive
mechanism will still works.
The default User Name of the BTS is KeepAliveUserNameAndPassword.
The default User Password of the BTS is KeepAliveUserNameAndPassword.
The default User Name and User Password of the BTS are not configurable.
4.6.1.3.2
Authentication Server
The Authentication Server menu enables viewing the status and parameters of a
defined Authentication server, adding a new server (in the current release one
server can be defined), updating the parameters of a selected server, or deleting a
server from the database.
The Authentication menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary
 Select
 Add
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4.6.1.3.2.1
ASN-GW Menu
Show Summary
Select this option to view the current configuration parameters and status details
of a defined Authentication server. The following details are displayed:
 Server Address
 Server Alias
 UDP Port Number
 Operation Status: Up or Down (according to the keep alive mechanism)
4.6.1.3.2.2
Select
This option enables selecting an existing Authentication Server for viewing its
status and parameters, updating its parameters, deleting it from the database or
viewing its Statistics counters. The selection is based on the server's IP address.
The available options for a selected server are:
 Show: Displays current status and parameters. For information on displayed
details refer to Section 4.6.1.3.2.1).
 Update: to update the parameters of the server. For details on the configurable
parameters refer to Section 4.6.1.3.2.3. The Server Address of an existing
server cannot be modified.
 Delete: To delete the server from the database.
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 Performance Counters: To display or reset the Performance Counters for this
server. The Performance Counters display traffic information according to the
standard RFC 2618 “RADIUS Authentication Client MIB”, as follows:
»
Round Trip Time: The time interval (in hundredths of a second) between
the most recent Access-Reply/Access-Challenge and the Access-Request
that matched it from this server.
»
Access Requests: The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets sent to
this server. This does not include retransmissions.
»
Access Retransmissions: The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets
retransmitted to this server.
»
Access Accepts: The number of RADIUS Access-Accept packets (valid or
invalid) received from this server.
»
Access Rejects: The number of RADIUS Access-Reject packets (valid or
invalid) received from this server.
»
Access Challenges: The number of RADIUS Access-Challenge packets
(valid or invalid) received from this server.
»
Malformed Access Responses*: The number of malformed RADIUS
Access-Response (Access-Accept, Access-Challenge or Access-Reject)
packets received from this server. Malformed packets include packets with
an invalid length. Bad authenticators or Signature attributes or unknown
types are not included.
»
Bad Authenticators: The number of RADIUS Access-Response packets
containing invalid authenticators or Signature attributes received from this
server.
»
Pending Requests: The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets
destined for this server that have not yet timed out or received a response.
This counter is incremented when an Access-Request is sent and
decremented due to receipt of an Access-Accept, Access-Reject or
Access-Challenge, a timeout or retransmission.
»
Timeouts: The number of authentication timeouts to this server. After a
timeout the client may retry to the same server, send to a different server
(not applicable in the current release), or give up. A retry to the same server
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is counted as a retransmit as well as a timeout. A send to a different server
is counted as a Request as well as a timeout.
»
Unknown Types: The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type which
were received from this server on the authentication port.
»
Packets Dropped: The number of RADIUS packets which were received
from this server on the authentication port and dropped for any reason.
* Malformed Access Responses counter is not supported in the current release.
4.6.1.3.2.3
Add
Select this option to define a new Authentication server. In the current release one
Authentication server can be defined. You will be prompted to configure the
following parameters:
4.6.1.3.2.3.1 Server Address
The IP address of the Authentication server.
The default is null (IP address must be defined).
The IP Address of an existing server cannot be modified (to change it you must
first delete the server).
4.6.1.3.2.3.2 Server Alias
An reference name for the server.
A string of 1 to 32 printable characters.
The default is null (an alias must be defined).
4.6.1.3.2.3.3 Shared Secret
Shared Secret is the key used for encrypting the User name and Password
transmitted to the RADIUS server(s).
For security and control reasons, the Shared Secret option is available only for
users with Administration access rights, using the Administrator Password to
access the program. For the same security reasons, the Shared Secret is displayed
as a series of asterisks, and when defining it for the first time or updating it, the
user is prompted to re-enter the new Shared Secret for confirmation.
Valid Shared Secret: 1 to 16 printable characters, case sensitive.
The default Shared Secret is null (Shared Secret must be defined).
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4.6.1.3.2.3.4 UDP Port Number
Specifies the UDP port number used by the RADIUS server for authentication
transactions.
Valid values: 1 to 65535.
The default value is 1812 (RFC 2865 requirement).
The UDP Port Number of an existing server cannot be modified (to change it you
must first delete the server).
4.6.1.3.3
Accounting
The Accounting menu enables viewing the status and parameters of a defined
Accounting server, adding a new server (in the current release one server can be
defined), updating the parameters of an existing server, or deleting a server from
the database.
The Accounting menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary
 Select
 Add
4.6.1.3.3.1
Show Summary
Select this option to view the current status and parameters of a defined
Accounting server. The following details are displayed:
 Server Address
 Server Alias
 UDP Port Number
 Operation Status: Up or Down (according to the keep alive mechanism)
4.6.1.3.3.2
Select
This option enables selecting an existing Accounting Server for viewing its status
and parameters, updating its parameters, deleting it from the database or viewing
its Statistics counters. The selection is based on the server's IP address.
The available options for a selected server are:
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 Show: Displays current status and parameters. For information on displayed
details refer to Section 4.6.1.3.3.1).
 Update: to update the parameters of the server. For details on the configurable
parameters refer to Section 4.6.1.3.3.3. The Server IP Address of an existing
server cannot be modified)
 Delete: To delete the server from the database.
 Performance Counters: To display or reset the Performance Counters for this
server. The Performance Counters display traffic information according to the
standard RFC 2620 “RADIUS Accounting Client MIB”, as follows:
»
Round Trip Time: The time interval (in hundredths of a second) between
the most recent Accounting-Response and the Accounting-Request that
matched it from this server.
»
Requests: The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets sent to this
server. This does not include retransmissions.
»
Retransmissions: The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
retransmitted to this server. Retransmissions include retries where the
Identifier and Acct-Delay have been updated, as well as those in which
they remain the same.
»
Responses: The number of RADIUS packets received on the accounting
port from this server.
»
Malformed Responses: The number of malformed RADIUS
Accounting-Response packets received from this server. Malformed
packets include packets with an invalid length. Bad authenticators or
unknown types are not included.
»
Bad Authenticators: The number of RADIUS Accounting-Response
packets containing invalid authenticators received from this server.
»
Pending Requests: The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
sent to this server that have not yet timed out or received a response. This
counter is incremented when an Accounting-Request is sent and
decremented due to receipt of an Accounting-Response, a timeout or
retransmission.
»
Timeouts: The number of accounting timeouts to this server. After a
timeout the client may retry the same server, send to a different server (not
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applicable in the current release), or give up. A retry to the same server is
counted as a retransmit as well as a timeout. A send to a different server is
counted as an Accounting- Request as well as a timeout.
»
Unknown Types: The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type which
were received from this server on the accounting port.
»
Packets Dropped: The number of RADIUS packets which were received
from this server on the accounting port and dropped for any reason.
* Malformed Responses counter is not supported in the current release.
4.6.1.3.3.3
Add
Select this option to define a new Accounting server. In the current release one
Accounting server can be defined. You will be prompted to configure the following
parameters:
4.6.1.3.3.3.1 Server IP Address
The IP address of the Accounting server.
The default is null (IP address must be defined).
4.6.1.3.3.3.2 Server Alias
An optional reference name for the server.
A string of 1 to 32 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
4.6.1.3.3.3.3 Shared Secret
Shared Secret is the key used for encrypting the User name and Password
transmitted to the RADIUS server(s).
For security and control reasons, the Shared Secret option is available only for
users with Administration access rights, using the Administrator Password to
access the program. The Shared Secret cannot be changed using SNMP. For the
same security reasons, the Shared Secret is displayed as a series of asterisks, and
when defining it for the first time or updating it, the user is prompted to re-enter
the new Shared Secret for confirmation.
Valid Shared Secret: 1 to 16 printable characters, case sensitive.
The default Shared Secret is null (Shared Secret must be defined).
4.6.1.3.3.3.4 UDP Port Number
Specifies the UDP port number used by the RADIUS server for accounting
transactions.
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Valid values: 1 to 65535.
The default value is 1813 (RFC 2866 requirement).
The UDP Port Number of an existing server cannot be modified (to change it you
must first delete the server).
4.6.2
Services Menu
4.6.2.1
Common Operations in Services Menus
The menu options available in the Services menu enable viewing, editing, deleting
and adding applicable entities, such as Service Profiles, QoS Profiles, etc.
Some or all of the following options are available in the Services menus:
 Show Summary: Select this option to see the current details of all entities in
the applicable menu.
 Select From List: Select this option to view all defined entities in the
applicable menu sorted by the entity ID. The entity ID is an identifier attached
automatically to each new entity. You can select a specific entity by its ID. This
will open the Selected Entity menu with the Show, Update and Delete options
described above.
 Select By...(or Select From a specific list): This option enables selecting an
entity by a specific identifier such as Name or ID. Select this option and enter
the appropriate parameter's value to access the menu for a selected entity.
This will typically enable you to choose from the following options:
»
Show: Select this option to view the details of the selected entity.
»
Update: Select this option to edit the details of the selected entity.
»
Delete: Select this option to remove the selected entity from the database.
 Add: Select this option to add a new entity to the database.
The Services menu includes the following options:
 MSs Services
 Service Profiles
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 Multiple Service Flows
 Service Groups
 Service Interfaces
 Forwarding Rules
4.6.2.2
MSs Services
The MSs Services menu enables managing the provisioning of Services to MSs.
MSs Services can be created or updated only in Embedded Distributed ASN-GW
Not Authenticated working mode.
The MS services table connects between a single Service Profile and a single
Multiple Service Flow. Up to 3 MS services can be created, to allow different
services.
The number of QoS Profiles assigned to the selected Service Profile must be
identical to the number of Service Rules assigned to the selected Multiple Service
Flow.
The MS Service parameters are:
 MS MAC Address
 Service Number
 Admin Status
 Multiple Service Flow Name
 Service Profile Name
The menu for a selected MS Service enables also viewing the Service Counters for
the selected MS Service.
4.6.2.2.1
MS MAC Address
The MAC Address of the MS to which the Service is provisioned.
IMPORTANT
The MAC Address must be one that exists in the database. Refer to ““MS Menu”
on page 169 for details on manually adding MSs to the database.
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Service Number
The Number of the Service. Each MS can be provisioned with up to 3 Services,
with Numbers from 1 to 3.
4.6.2.2.3
Admin Status
The Admin Status of the Service: Enable or Disable. A disabled Service will not be
available to the end-user, but its properties are maintained in the database
allowing quick renewal of the Service.
4.6.2.2.4
Multiple Service Flow Name
The name of the Multiple Service Flow associated with the Service. Must be a
name of a previously defined Multiple Service Flow that exists in the database.
4.6.2.2.5
Service Profile Name
The name of the Service Profile associated with the Service. Must be a name of a
previously defined Service Profile that exists in the database.
A Management Service Profile must be associated with each MS. Up to two
additional Service Profiles can be associated with each MS (all combinations are
allowed, including two Service Profiles of the same type).
4.6.2.2.6
MS Service Counters
The Service Counters for a selected MS Service include the following counters for
each existing Service Rule:
 Service Rule Number
 UL Total Received Bytes
 UL Total Received Packets
 UL Total Lost Packets
 UL HARQ ACK Bursts
 UL HARQ NACK Bursts
 UL HARQ Dropped Bursts
 DL Total Transmitted Bytes
 DL Total Transmitted Packets
 DL Total Lost Packets
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 DL HARQ ACK Bursts
 DL HARQ NACK Bursts
 DL HARQ Dropped Bursts
4.6.2.3
Service Profiles
The Service Profiles menu enables managing Service Profiles, including the QoS
Profile(s) associated with each Service Profile. The menu for a selected Service
Profile (after the basic parameters are defined) enables access to the QoS Profiles
submenu. At least one QoS Profile must be assigned to each Service Profile, up to
a maximum of four QoS Profiles per Service Profile. For details refer to QoS
Profiles (Section 4.6.2.4) below.
The Service Profile basic parameters are:
 Service Profile ID
 Service Profile Name
 Service Profile Type
 HARQ Repetitions
4.6.2.3.1
Service Profile ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 64, generated
automatically during creation of a new Service Profile.
4.6.2.3.2
Service Profile Name
The Name of the Service Profile. A unique string of 1 to 32 characters.
4.6.2.3.3
Service Profile Type
The type of a service using the Service Profile. The options available in the current
release are Data, VoIP, PPPoE and Management.
4.6.2.3.4
HARQ Repetitions
HARQ (Hybrid-ARQ) is an ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) mechanism that is
implemented at the physical layer together with FEC, providing improved link
performance over traditional ARQ at the cost of increased implementation
complexity. HARQ uses a combination of FEC and ARQ, where blocks of data,
along with a CRC code, are encoded using a FEC coder before transmission;
retransmission is requested if the decoder is unable to correctly decode the
received block. When a retransmitted coded block is received, it is combined with
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the previously detected coded block and fed to the input of the FEC decoder.
Combining the two or more received versions of the code block improves the
chances of correctly decoding.
The WiMAX standard supports this by combining an N-channel stop and wait
ARQ along with a variety of supported FEC codes. Doing multiple parallel
channels of HARQ at a time can improve the throughput, since when one HARQ
process is waiting for an acknowledgment, another process can use the channel to
send some more data. WiMAX supports signaling mechanisms to allow
asynchronous operation of HARQ and supports a dedicated acknowledgment
channel in the uplink for ACK/NACK signaling. Asynchronous operations allow
variable delay between retransmissions, which provides greater flexibility for the
scheduler.
In the current release HARQ is not configurable: It is enabled by default for Data,
PPPoE and Management Services Profiles (4 repetitions) and disabled (1
repetitions) for VoIP Service Profiles.
4.6.2.4
QoS Profiles
The QoS Profile submenu option for a selected Service Profile enables managing
the QoS Profiles assigned to the Service Profile. At least one QoS Profile must be
assigned to each Service Profile, up to a maximum of four QoS Profiles per Service
Profile.
NOTE
In the current release only BE and NRT QoS Types are supported. For BE QoS Profiles only a a
value of 0 is supported for the CP parameters. For NRT QoS Profiles only values of 1 or 2 are
supported for the CP parameter.
Each QoS Profile includes the following components:
 QoS Profile ID
 Uplink QoS Type
 Uplink CP
 Uplink QoS Parameter(s) - according to Uplink QoS Type
 Downlink QoS Type
 Downlink CP
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 Downlink QoS Parameter(s)- according to Downlink QoS Type
4.6.2.4.1
QoS Profile ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 4, generated
automatically during creation of a new QoS Profile for the specific Service Profile.
4.6.2.4.2
Uplink/Downlink QoS Type
The type of QoS mechanism in the uplink/downlink when the QoS Profile is used.
In the current release the available options are BE (Best Effort) and NRT (Non Real
Time).
BE (Best Effort) service is designed to support data streams, such as Web
browsing, that do not require a minimum service-level guarantee.
NRT (Non Real Time) is designed to support delay-tolerant data streams, such as
an FTP, that require variable-size data grants at a minimum guaranteed rate.
4.6.2.4.3
Uplink/Downlink CP
The Committed Priority in the uplink/downlink.
In the current release, only a value of 0 is supported for BE QoS Profiles. For NRT
QoS Profiles the supported range is from 1 (the default) to 2.
The CP parameter affects the Committed Time (CT) for BE and NRT QoS Profiles:
Table 4-7: Committed Time for BE and NRT QoS
CP (Committed Priority)
CT (Committed Time)
200ms
100ms
50ms
The maximum tolerated jitter for BE and NRT QoS is 10ms.
4.6.2.4.4
Uplink/Downlink QoS Parameters
The availability of specific QoS parameters depend on the selected QoS Type as
follows:
Table 4-8: QoS Parameters
QoS Type
QoS Parameters
BE
MIR
NRT
CIR, MIR
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CIR
CIR is the minimum information transfer rate that the system is committed to
transfer under normal conditions (minimum reserved traffic rate). The rate is
averaged over a minimum increment of time, which is defined by the CT
parameter.
The range is from 32 to 54,000 Kbps.
CIR is applicable for NRT QoS.
4.6.2.4.4.2
MIR
MIR is the maximum information rate that the system will allow for the
connection (maximum sustained traffic rate). The rate is averaged over a
minimum increment of time, which is defined by the CT parameter.
The range is from 32 to 54,000 Kbps.
MIR is applicable for BE and NRT QoS. MIR cannot be lower than CIR.
4.6.2.5
Multiple Service Flows
The Multiple Service Flows menu enables managing Multiple Service Flows,
including the Service Rule(s) associated with each Multiple Service Flow. The
menu for a selected Multiple Service Flow (after the basic parameters are defined)
enables access to the Service Rules submenu. At least one Service Rule must be
assigned to each Multiple Service Flow, up to a maximum of four Service Rules
per Multiple Service Flow. For details refer to Service Rules (Section 4.6.2.6)
below.
The Multiple Service Flow basic parameters are:
 Multiple Service Flow ID
 Multiple Service Flow Name
 Service Group Name
4.6.2.5.1
Multiple Service Flow ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 1030, generated
automatically during creation of a new Multiple Service Flow.
4.6.2.5.2
Multiple Service Flow Name
The Name of the Multiple Service Flow. A unique string of 1 to 32 characters.
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Service Group Name
The name of the Service Group associated with the Multiple Service Flow. Must be
a name of a previously defined Service Group that exists in the database.
4.6.2.5.4
Service Operation Mode
The Service Operation Mode parameter defines whether NAT routing is used by
the MS or behind the MS (Router mode) or not (Bridge mode).
In Bridge mode, the ASN-GW learns the IP address assigned to the MS, and
associate with this IP address the VLAN ID defined in the Service Interface
specified in the Service Rule that matches the connection used for DHCP.
In Router mode, the ASN-GW checks all the Router mode Multiple Service Flows
assigned to the same MS that use the same Service Group as the relevant
connection, and associate with the IP address all VLAN IDs defined in relevant
Service Interfaces. Router mode is applicable only for IP CS services.
If the MS functions as a NAT router, all its Services will operate in Router mode. If
there is a router behind the MS, the Management Service will operate in Bridge
mode and other Services will operate in Router mode.
4.6.2.6
Service Rules
The Service Rules menu enables managing Service Rules, including the
Classifier(s) associated with each Service Rule. The menu for a selected Service
Rule (after the basic parameters are defined) enables access to the Classifiers
submenu. At least one Classifier must be assigned to each Service Rule, up to a
maximum of five Classifiers per Service Rule. For details refer to Classifiers
(Section 4.6.2.7) below.
When either defining a new Service Rule and its components or updating an
existing one, note that a Multiple Service Flow can include a maximum of one
Service Rule with a Classifier of type Any.
The Service Rule basic parameters are:
 Service Rule ID
 Service Interface Name
4.6.2.6.1
Service Rule ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 4, generated
automatically during creation of a new Service Rule for a specific Multiple Service
Flow.
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Service Interface Name
The Name of the Service Interface associated with the Service Rule. Must be one of
the previously defined Service Interfaces that exists in the database. An Ethernet
CS Service Interface can be associated only to a Multiple Service Flow with a
Bridge Service Operation Mode.
4.6.2.7
Classifiers
The Classifiers submenu option for a selected Service Rule enables managing the
Classifier(s) assigned to the Service Rule. At least one Classifier must be assigned
to each Service Rule, up to a maximum of five Classifiers per Service Rule.
Note the following rules when either defining a new Classifier or updating an
existing one:
 A maximum of one Classifier of type Any for a certain direction can be
associated with each MS. This means:
»
A Service Rule can include a maximum of one Classifier of type Any for a
certain direction.
»
A Multiple Service Flow can include a maximum of one Service Rule with a
Classifier of type Any for a certain direction.
»
An MS can have a maximum of one Service associated with a Multiple
Service Flow with a Service Rule with a Classifier of type Any for a certain
direction.
 Overlapping of range values is not allowed. This is applicable for:
»
The Service Rule level: The range values defined for any Classifier of a
certain Type for a certain direction assigned to a Service Rule should not
overlap with the range values of other Classifiers of the same Type for the
same direction assigned to the same Service Rule.
»
The Multiple Service Flow level: The range values defined for any Classifier
of a certain Type for a certain direction assigned to a Service Rule of a
certain Multiple Service Flow, should not overlap with the range values of
any Classifiers of the same Type for the same direction assigned to other
Service Rules assigned to the same Multiple Service Flow.
»
The MS level: The range values defined for any Classifier of a certain Type
for a certain direction assigned to a Service Rule of any Multiple Service
Flow assigned to any Service for a certain MS, should not overlap with the
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range values of any Classifiers of the same Type for the same direction
assigned to any of the Service Rules assigned to other Multiple Service
Flows that are assigned to other Services for the same MS.
Each Classifier includes the following components:
Table 4-9: Classifier Parameters
4.6.2.7.1
Uplink/Downlink
Classifier Type
Uplink/Downlink
Classifier Parameter 1
Uplink/Downlink
Classifier Parameter 2
Any
DSCP
Lowest DSCP Value
Highest DSCP Value
VLAN ID
Lowest VLAN ID Value
Highest VLAN ID Value
VLAN Priority
Lowest VLAN Priority Value
Highest VLAN Priority Value
Uplink/Downlink Classifier Type
This parameter defines the type of classifier to be used in the applicable direction.
Different classifier types may be defined for the uplink and downlink directions.
The available options are None, DSCP, VLAN ID and VLAN Priority. If the CS Type
of the Service Interface assigned to the Service Rule is IP CS, then only None and
DSCP types are supported.
For a Classifier Type Any there are no other parameters.
4.6.2.7.2
Uplink/Downlink Classifier Parameter 1 and 2
Each Classifier of any type other than None can define a range of value to be used
for classification. These parameters defines the lowest and highest values in the
range. The applicable range values are:
Table 4-10: Uplink/Downlink Classifier Parameters Range Values
Uplink/Downlink Classifier
Type
Uplink/Downlink Classifier Parameter
1 and 2
DSCP
0-63
VLAN ID
1-4094
VLAN Priority
0-7
The value configured for Parameter 2 for a certain direction cannot be lower than
the value configured for Parameter 1 for the same direction.
Note that the value configured for any of these parameters cannot be within the
ranges defined for other Classifiers of the same Type and Direction assigned to
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either the same Service Rule, or to other Service Rules assigned to the same
Multiple Service Flow.
4.6.2.8
Service Groups
A Service Group defines the DHCP mode to be used for acquiring IP address
configuration for the MS provisioned with the relevant Service and, if applicable,
for other devices behind the MS. It also defines additional parameters that affect
the communication between the ASN-GW and an external DHCP server, if
applicable. The Service Group’s parameters includes also the Attributes to be
used for communication with a RADIUS Accounting server.
Up to 10 different Service Groups can be defined.
NOTE
In the current release only Transparent DHCP is supported. Other DHCP Types and their
components are not supported in the current release.
Each Service Group includes the following parameters:
4.6.2.8.1
Service Group ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 10, generated
automatically during creation of a new Service Group.
4.6.2.8.2
Service Group Name
The Name of the Service Group. A unique string of 1 to 32 characters.
4.6.2.8.3
DHCP Type
In the current release only Transparent mode is supported.
4.6.2.8.4
Nomadic Mode
The Nomadic Mode parameter ia applicable only in Transparent DHCP operation
mode. It defines whether nomadic operation of the MS should be supported by the
provisioning and accounting mechanism. When disabled, the provisioned services
should be supported only when the MS is served by a specific BTS. When enabled,
provisioned services should not be restricted to a specific BTS.
The default is Disable.
4.6.2.8.5
Attribute 31
The Attribute 31 parameter is applicable for all DHCP operation modes, defining
information that should be used by the embedded RADIUS client.
Attribute 31 specifies the Calling Station ID information to be included in RADIUS
Access-Request and Accounting-Request messages. This feature enables service
providers to provide more information about the call originator to the RADIUS
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server(s). The information provided by this feature can also be used for additional
security checks.
In RADIUS Access-Request messages Attribute 31 is set by default to CPE MAC
Address. The configurable Attribute 31 parameter is applicable only for RADIUS
accounting messages.
The available options are None, CPE MAC Address and CPE Fully Qualified
Domain Name.
The default option is CPE MAC Address.
4.6.2.8.6
Attribute 32
The Attribute 32 parameter is applicable for all DHCP operation modes, defining
information that should be used by the embedded RADIUS client.
Attribute 32 specifies the NAS Identifier information to be included in RADIUS
Access-Request and Accounting-Request messages. This feature enables service
providers to provide more information about the device serving the call originator
to the RADIUS server(s). The information provided by this feature can also be used
for additional security checks.
In RADIUS Access-Request messages Attribute 32 is set by default to BTS ID. The
configurable Attribute 32 parameter is applicable only for RADIUS accounting
messages.
The available options are None, BTS MAC Address, GIADDR, Service Interface
VLAN, Management IP Address, BS ID, BTS Name, Free Text. If the Free Text
option is selected, a unique string of 1 to 32 characters should be specified.
The default option is None.
4.6.2.8.7
Attribute 32 Free Text
Applicable only if the selected option for Attribute 32 is Free Text. A string of 1 to
32 characters to be used as a unique NAS ID in relevant RADIUS accounting
messages.
The default is an empty string (must be configured to a valid value if Free Text is
the selected option for Attribute 32).
4.6.2.9
Service Interfaces
The Service Interface menu enables managing the parameters of the interface
used by the NPU on the network side for a service using a specific Service
Interface. Up to 1024 different Service Interfaces can be defined.
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NOTE
In the current release only IP CS Service Interfaces are supported. The references to Ethernet CS
Service Interface in the following sections are not relevant in the current release.
Each Service Interface includes the following parameters:
4.6.2.9.1
Service Interface ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 1024, generated
automatically during creation of a new Service Interface.
4.6.2.9.2
Service Interface Name
The Name of the Service Interface. A unique string of 1 to 32 characters.
4.6.2.9.3
Forwarding Rule Name
The Name of the Forwarding Rule used by the Service Interface. Must be one of
the previously defined Forwarding Rules that exists in the database.
4.6.2.9.4
CS Type
The Convergence Sublayer Type: Ethernet CS or IP CS.
The default is IP CS.
4.6.2.9.5
VLAN Interface
The VLAN Interface parameter defines how VLAN tags in packets forwarded on the
interface are handled:
The VLAN Interface parameter is applicable only in IP CS. In Ethernet CS it is
always set to Enable.
If VLAN Interface is set to Disable: Untagged packets are forwarded without any
change. In the downlink, the VLAN tag of packets received with a VLAN tag is
removed before forwarding to the wireless link.
If VLAN Interface is set to Enable: In the downlink, packets received with a VLAN
tag are discarded. For IP CS Service Interface, in the uplink a VLAN tag is added,
using the values defined by the VLAN ID and VLAN Priority parameters. If the
VLAN ID is set to None (untagged), this is practically the same as setting the VLAN
Interface to Disable.
NOTE
Only one Service Interface without VLAN is allowed. A Service Interface without VLAN is either one
with VLAN Interface set to Disable or one with Service Interface set to Enable and VLAN ID set to
None.
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4.6.2.9.6
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VLAN Transparency
Applicable only in Ethernet CS (with VLAN Interface enabled). In IP CS it is always
set to Disable.
If set to Enable: Uplink and downlink packets whose VLAN IDs are included in the
VLAN List (see below) will be forwarded transparently without any changes in the
value of the VLAN ID. All other packets will be discarded. The VLAN Priority of
uplink packets may be changed, depending on the configured VLAN Priority
Marking parameter.
If set to Disable: In the uplink packets will be forwarded with a VLAN tag with the
values defined by the VLAN ID and VLAN Priority parameters (replacing original
VLAN tag or added to untagged packets). If the VLAN ID is set to None (untagged),
all uplink packets will be forwarded untagged. In the downlink a reverse process
will take place according to the what was learned in the uplink.
4.6.2.9.7
VLAN ID
In IP CS the VLAN ID parameter is applicable only if VLAN Interface is set to
Enable. In Ethernet CS applicable only if VLAN Transparency is set to Disable.
This is the VLAN ID to be inserted in packets forwarded to the network (uplink).
The available range is 1-4094 or 4096 for untagged. To set the value to 4096
(none) you can also click Enter with an empty (null) string.
4.6.2.9.8
VLAN Priority Marking
Applicable only in Ethernet CS when VLAN Transparency is set to Enable. If VLAN
Priority Marking is set to Disable, the VLAN Priority of forwarded packets will not
change. If set to Enable, the VLAN Priority of all forwarded tagged packets will be
replaced by the value configured for the VLAN Priority parameter.
4.6.2.9.9
VLAN Priority
In IP CS the VLAN Priority parameter is applicable only if VLAN ID is other than
None (untagged). The VLAN Priority to be inserted in packets forwarded to the
network (uplink).
In Ethernet CS, if VLAN Transparency is set to Disable and VLAN ID is other than
None, this is the VLAN Priority to be used in the uplink. If VLAN Transparency is
set to Enable and VLAN Priority Marking is set to Enable, the VLAN Priority of all
forwarded tagged packets will be replaced by this value.
The available range is from 0 to 7.
4.6.2.9.10
VLAN List
Applicable only in Ethernet CS when VLAN Transparency is set to Enable. A list of
up to 16 VLAN IDs (including None for untagged). Only packets with a VLAN ID
included in the list will be forwarded. An empty list means that all VLAN IDs
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(including None) are included in the list. Only one Service Interface will “All” VLAN
List can be defined.
4.6.2.9.11
Inner DSCP Marking
The Inner DSCP Marking parameter defines whether to replace in the uplink the
original DSCP value in IP packets with a new value specified by the Inner DSCP
parameter.
The options are Disable (no change in DSCP values) or Enable.
4.6.2.9.12
Inner DSCP
The Inner DSCP parameter is applicable only if Inner DSCP Marking is set to
Enable. It specifies the DSCP value that will replace in IP packets the original
value in the uplink.
The range is from 0 to 63.
NOTE
Any VLAN ID (including None for untagged) can be defined only in a single Service Interface: This
includes the values configured for the VLAN ID parameter and values in VLAN Lists. The
Management VLAN cannot be configured.
4.6.2.10
Forwarding Rules
The Forwarding Rule includes the features that affect the wireless broadcast
domain.
The Forwarding Rule menu enables viewing all Forwarding Rules in the database,
defining new Forwarding Rules, editing details of existing Forwarding Rules and
removing Forwarding Rules from the database.
Up to 10 different Forwarding Rules can be defined.
Each Forwarding Rule includes the following parameters:
4.6.2.10.1
Forwarding Rule ID
This is an auto-sequential number from 1 to a maximum of 10, generated
automatically during creation of a new Forwarding Rule.
4.6.2.10.2
Forwarding Rule Name
The Name of the Forwarding Rule. A unique string of 1 to 32 characters.
4.6.2.10.3
Relay Mode
The Relay Mode parameter determines whether the unit performs relaying of
messages in the wireless link. When the Relay Mode parameter is enabled,
packets originating from devices on the wireless link are transmitted by the unit
back to the wireless link to other relevant device(s) that use the same Forwarding
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Rule, as well as to the backbone. If disabled, these packets are sent only to the
backbone and are not sent back to the wireless link.
4.6.2.10.4
Unknown Address Forwarding Mode
The Unknown Address Forwarding Mode parameter determines the mode of
controlling the flow of information from the backbone to the wireless media. Select
from the following options:
1 - Forward: Enables the transmission of all packets, except unicast packets sent
to addresses that the unit recognizes as being on its wired backbone side.
2 - Discard: The unit will transmit unicast packets only to those addresses that it
knows to exist on the wireless link side.
4.6.2.10.5
QoS Type
The QoS Type parameter determines the QoS type to be used for multicast and
broadcast messages.
NOTE
In the current release only BE and NRT QoS Types are supported. For BE QoS Profiles only a a
value of 0 is supported for the CP parameters. For NRT QoS Profiles only values of 1 or 2 are
supported for the CP parameter.
The availability/range of the following parameters depend on the selected QoS
Type:
4.6.2.10.6
CP
The Committed Priority.
In the current release, only a value of 0 is supported for BE QoS Profiles. For NRT
QoS Profiles the supported range is from 1 (the default) to 2.
The CP parameter affects the Committed Time (CT) for BE and NRT QoS Profiles:
Table 4-11: Committed Time for BE and NRT QoS
CP (Committed Priority)
CT (Committed Time)
200ms
100ms
50ms
The maximum tolerated jitter for BE and NRT QoS is set to 10ms.
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4.6.2.10.7
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QoS Parameters
The availability of specific QoS parameters depend on the selected QoS Type as
follows:
Table 4-12: QoS Parameters
QoS Type
QoS Parameters
BE
MIR
NRT
CIR, MIR
4.6.2.10.7.1 CIR
CIR is the minimum information transfer rate that the system is committed to
transfer under normal conditions (minimum reserved traffic rate). The rate is
averaged over a minimum increment of time, which is defined by the CT
parameter.
The range is from 32 to 54,000 Kbps.
CIR is applicable for NRT QoS.
4.6.2.10.7.2 MIR
MIR is the maximum information rate that the system will allow for the
connection (maximum sustained traffic rate). The rate is averaged over a
minimum increment of time, which is defined by the CT parameter.
The range is from 32 to 54,000 Kbps.
MIR is applicable for BE and NRT QoS. In NRT QoS MIR cannot be lower than CIR.
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4.7
Sector Menu
Sector Menu
According to the capabilities supported by the hardware and (if applicable) the
selected Operation Mode, the unit supports one or two sectors. The Sector menu
enables viewing the current and configured parameters of each sector supported
by the unit and modifying these parameters.
The Sector menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary: Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the
supported Sector(s).
 Select: Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a
specific Sector.
NOTE
In the current release only configurations with a single Sector (Sector 1) are supported.
4.7.1
Show Summary
Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the supported Sector(s). For
each of the supported Sectors the following details are displayed:
 BTS Operation Mode (for more details see “Operation Mode” on page 77)
 Sector ID (In the current release only Sector 1 is applicable)
Sector General Parameters (for more details see Section 4.7.2.2 below)
 Sector Name
 Sector Location
 Sector Heading (degrees)
 Current Bandwidth (MHz)
 Configured Bandwidth (MHz)
 Current Frequency (MHz)
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 Configured Frequency (MHz)
 Current TX Power (dBm)
 Configured TX Power (dBm)
Sector Antenna's Associations
According to the Operation Mode, the Sector can be associated with either one or
two Antennas. The details displayed for each Antenna associated with the Sector
are:
 Antenna ID
 Antenna Gain (dBi)
 Beam Width (degrees)
 Antenna Polarization
 Antenna Type
Sector BS's & Radio Channel's Association
The number of associated BSs/Radio Channels depend on the Operation Mode.
NOTE
In the current release the Sector is associated with one BS (BS1) and one or two Radio Channels.
The details displayed for each Radio Channel associated with the Sector are:
 BS Index
 Radio Channel ID
 BS ID
 BS Name
Supported Frequency Range (according to the details in the Frequency File for
the Frequency Band supported by the unit):
 Frequency Band ID
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 Frequency Band Name
 Downlink Start Frequency (MHz)
 Downlink Stop Frequency (MHz)
 Frequency Resolution (KHz)
 Low Tx Power (dBm)
 High Tx Power (dBm)
DFS General Parameters (if applicable)
 DFS Type
 Current DFS Support
 Configured DFS Support
 Current Channel Availability Check Time (sec)
 Configured Channel Availability Check Time (sec)
 Current Channel Non Occupancy Period (min)
 Configured Channel Non Occupancy Period (min)
 Current Startup Test Valid Period (hours)
 Configured Startup Test Valid Period (hours)
 Current Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
 Current Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
The DFS Parameters are applicable only for units operating in the 5 GHz bands
using a Band Name where DFS is required. For details on these parameters refer
to “DFS” on page 131.
Usable Frequencies (if applicable)
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A list of frequencies for the DFS algorithm. Applicable only for units operating in
the 5 GHz bands using a Band Name where DFS is supported. For details refer to
“Usable Frequencies” on page 135.
4.7.2
Select
Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a specific Sector.
The following options are available for the selected Sector:
4.7.2.1
Show
Select this option to view the relevant parameters. The displayed information is
the same as described in Show Summary (Section 4.7.1) above.
4.7.2.2
Configuration
The Configuration menu includes the following options:
 General Parameters
 DFS
4.7.2.2.1
General Parameters
The General Parameters menu enables configuration of the following parameters:
4.7.2.2.1.1
Sector Name
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 32 printable characters.
The default is null.
4.7.2.2.1.2
Sector Location
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 64 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
4.7.2.2.1.3
Sector Heading (degrees)
A descriptive parameter indicating the sector’s heading in degrees. A number from
0 to 359.
The default is 0.
4.7.2.2.1.4
Bandwidth
The bandwidth of the sector in MHz.
In the current release the supported options are 5* MHz and 10 MHz.
The default Bandwidth is 10 MHz.
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4.7.2.2.1.5
Sector Menu
Frequency
The central frequency of the sector in MHz. The available range and default
depend on the frequency band supported by the hardware and the selected Band
Name (5 GHz units) and the selected bandwidth.
The configurable frequencies are from the Minimum Frequency + 1/2 Bandwidth
up to a maximum of the Maximum Frequency - 1/2 Bandwidth.
The resolution for 3.x GHz units is 0.125 MHz.
In 5 GHz units, the frequency resolution is half the selected bandwidth: 2.5 MHz
for a bandwidth of 5 MHz, 5 MHz for a bandwidth of 10 MHz.
In the current release the available bandwidths, ranges and defaults are:
Table 4-13: Frequency Configuration, 3.x GHz Units
Band Name
Frequency Range
Default Frequency
3.5 GHz
3400-3600 MHz
3405 MHz
3.65 GHz
3650-3700
3655 MHz
Table 4-14: Frequency Configuration, 4.9 GHz Units
Band Name
Frequency Range
Default Frequency
4.9 GHz Universal
4900-5350 MHz
4905 MHz
4.9 GHz FCC
4940-4990 MHz
4945 MHz
4.9 GHz Japan A
4920-5000 MHz
4905 MHz
4.9 GHz Japan B
5030-5091 MHz
5035 MHz
5.3 GHz ETSI
5250-5350 MHz
5255 MHz
5.2 GHz ETSI
5150-5250 MHz
5155 MHz
5.2 GHz FCC
5150-5250 MHz
5155 MHz
5.3 GHz FCC
5250-5350 MHz
5255 MHz
5.1 GHz FAA
5090-5150 MHz
5095 MHz
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Table 4-15: Frequency Configuration, 5.4 GHz Units
Band Name
Frequency Range
Default Frequency
5.4 GHz Universal
5470-5900 MHz*
5475 MHz
5.9 GHz Universal
5900-5950 MHz
5905 MHz
5.4 GHz ETSI
5470-5725 MHz
5475 MHz
5.8 GHz ETSI
5725-5875 MHz
5730 MHz
5.4 GHz FCC
5470-5725 MHz
5475 MHz
5.8 GHz FCC
5725-5875 MHz
5730 MHz
5.4 GHz Australia A
5490-5585 MHz
5500 MHz
5.4 GHz Australia B
5655-5725 MHz
5660 MHz
5.8 GHz Australia
5730-5840 MHz
5735 MHz
5.8 GHz UK
5725-5845 MHz
5730 MHz
* The frequency 5725 MHz is illegal and cannot be used.
4.7.2.2.1.6
Tx Power
The sector’s Tx Power in dBm. The configuration range is from 0 to 50 dBm using
a 1 dB resolution. In 3.x GHz units the actually available range (using 1 dB
resolution) and default are:
Table 4-16: Sector Tx Power, 3.x GHz Units
Band
Tx Power Range (dBm)
Default (dBm)
3.5 GHz
21-30
30
3.65 GHz
17-30
30
The system administrator/installer is responsible for verifying compliance of the
power emitted from the antenna(s) with local regulations and license conditions, if
applicable.
In 4.9 GHz and 5.4 GHz units the HW supports a Tx Power range of 0 to 21* dBm
(* in the current release, in units using 5.9 GHz Universal Band Name the
maximum supported Tx Power is 20 dBm). However, in units using certain Band
Names the actually available Tx Power range depends also on the maximum
allowed EIRP according to relevant regulations and on the configured Bandwidth
and Antenna Gain:
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Table 4-17: Maximum Allowed EIRP, 4.9 GHz Units
Band Name
Maximum EIRP (dBm)
5 MHz BW
10 MHz BW
4.9 GHz Universal
No Limit
No Limit
4.9 GHz FCC
No Limit
No Limit
4.9 GHz Japan A
34
34
4.9 GHz Japan B
34
34
5.3 GHz ETSI
20
23
5.2 GHz ETSI
20
23
5.2 GHz FCC
27
30
5.3 GHz FCC
27
30
5.1 GHz FAA
No Limit
No Limit
Table 4-18: Maximum Allowed EIRP, 5.4 GHz Units
Band Name
Maximum EIRP (dBm)
5 MHz BW
10 MHz BW
5.4 GHz Universal
No Limit
No Limit
5.9 GHz Universal
No Limit
No Limit
5.4 GHz ETSI
27
30
5.8 GHz ETSI
30
33
5.4 GHz FCC
27
30
5.8 GHz FCC
36
36
5.4 GHz Australia A
24
27
5.4 GHz Australia B
24
27
5.8 GHz Australia
33
36
5.8 GHz UK
30
33
In 4.9 GHz and 5.4 GHz units, the actual maximum Tx Power is the lower of the
following values:
 The maximum supported by the HW (21 dBm)
 Maximum Allowed EIRP (according to the Configured Bandwidth) - the
Configured Antenna Gain.
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The default is the highest value that can actually be supported for the relevant
Band Name (using the Gain of the installed Integral Antenna or the default value
of 14 dBi for an External Antenna).
NOTE
For units using the 4.9 GHz FCC Band Name: For compliance with relevant FCC regulations the
maximum Tx Power is 19 dBm (for all bandwidths/configurations).
4.7.2.2.2
DFS
The DFS parameters submenu is applicable only for units operating in the 5 GHz
bands using a Band Name where DFS is not Required.
In certain regions there are radar systems operating in the 5 GHz band.
Applicable regulations dictates that wireless access systems operating in these
bands shall not interfere with the operation of the radar systems. This means that
the wireless access system must be able to automatically detect the presence of
radar signals and avoid transmissions on frequencies used by radar systems in its
vicinity.
The Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) mechanism is based on monitoring of the
frequency being used and automatic switching to a radar-free frequency upon
detection of radar activity on the current frequency. The test for radar activity is
performed according to the applicable standards (ETSI or FCC), according to the
selected DFS Type (see “DFS Type” on page 80).
NOTE
For units using the 5.4 GHz ETSI and 5.4-5.8 GHz ETSI Band Name: For compliance with ETSI
regulations, the Channel Availability Check Time (see “Channel Availability Check Time
(sec)” on page 134) for frequencies in the range from to 5600 to 5650 MHz is set to 600 seconds
(10 minutes), regardless of the value configured for this parameter.
For units using the 5.8 GHz ETSI, 5.4-5.8 GHz ETSI, 5.8 GHz FCC and 5.4-5.8 GHz FCC Band
Name: DFS is not required by the relevant ETSI/FCC regulations for frequencies in the range from
5850 to 5875 MHz. These means that frequencies in this range included in the Usable Frequencies
List are always considered as Available.
Before initiating transmission on a new frequency that is not defined as Available
(at start-up after power up or reset none of the frequencies are defined as
Available) the unit performs a Channel Availability Check to ensure that there is
no radar operating on this frequency. During normal operation, the unit
continues monitoring the operating frequency (In-Service Monitoring) to ensure
that there is no radar operating on the frequency. After deciding that a frequency
is Available, it is considered as an Available frequency for a period defined by the
configurable Startup Test Valid Period parameter.
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Upon detection of radar activity on the operating frequency, the unit will
automatically stop transmissions on this frequency that will be marked as
Unavailable (Radar Detected) channel. The unit may continue transmissions on
this frequency for a very limited period, allowing it to complete some
transmissions of data and send control and management signals to support the
transition of the served devices to a new channel. The frequency on which radar
was detected will be considered as Unavailable for a period defined by the
configurable Channel Non Occupancy Period parameter. The unit will switch
randomly to another frequency in the Usable Frequencies List that is not
considered as Unavailable. If this frequency is not considered as Available, the
unit will check for radar activity before initiating transmissions on the new
frequency.
In configurations with two sectors, when the Frequencies Management Level (see
“Frequencies Management Level” on page 82) is set to BTS Level, the frequencies
table of each sector uses also the status information of relevant frequencies in the
frequencies table of the other sector.
The DFS Menu includes the following options:
 Show
 Show Frequencies Status Table
 Update General Parameters
 Usable Frequencies
4.7.2.2.2.1
Show
Select this option to display the following:
 DFS Type: According to the DFS type defined in the Band Name (see “DFS” on
page 80).
 Current DFS Support
 Configured DFS Support
 Current Channel Availability Check Time (sec)
 Configured Channel Availability Check Time (sec)
 Current Channel Non Occupancy Period (min)
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 Configured Channel Non Occupancy Period (min)
 Current Startup Test Valid Period (hours)
 Configured Startup Test Valid Period (hours)
 Current Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
 Current Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
 Rx Antenna Gain (dBi): The value configured for the Antenna associated with
the relevant Sector.
 Bandwidth (MHz): The current Bandwidth of the Sector.
 Tx Power (dBm): The current Tx Power of the Sector.
 Frequencies List: The current list of frequencies configured for the DFS
mechanism
4.7.2.2.2.2
Show Frequencies Status Table
The DFS Frequencies Status table provides status details for each of the relevant
frequencies (see “Usable Frequencies” on page 135). The details provided for each
entry are:
 Frequency (MHz).
 Detected Time: The last date and time at which the test results indicated a
presence of radar activity on this frequency, or N/A if the frequency was not
tested since last reset. The frequency is considered as Unavailable for selection
by the DFS mechanism if the elapsed time since the Detected Time is not
higher than Channel Non Occupancy Period.
 Last Clear Channel Test: The last date and time at which the test results
indicated that there is no radar activity on this frequency, or N/A if the
frequency was not tested since last reset. The frequency is considered as
Available for selection by the DFS mechanism if the elapsed time since the
Last Clear Channel Test is not higher than Startup Test Valid Period.
4.7.2.2.2.3
Update General Parameters
The configurable DFS parameters and options are:
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 DFS Support
 Channel Availability Check Time (sec)
 Channel Non Occupancy Period (min)
 Startup Test Valid Period (hours)
 Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
4.7.2.2.2.3.1 DFS Support
The DFS Support parameter defines whether the DFS mechanism is enabled or
disabled.
CAUTION
In countries where DFS should be used for compliance with applicable regulations, DFS Support
must be enabled.
The default is Disable
4.7.2.2.2.3.2 Channel Availability Check Time (sec)
The Channel Availability Check Time is the minimum time to check a frequency
for the presence of radar activity.
The range is from 0 to 600 seconds.
The default is 60 seconds.
NOTE
For units using the 5.4 GHz ETSI and 5.4-5.8 GHz ETSI Band Name: For compliance with ETSI
regulations, the Channel Availability Check Time for frequencies in the range from to 5600 to 5650
MHz is set to 600 seconds (10 minutes), regardless of the value configured for this parameter.
4.7.2.2.2.3.3 Channel Non Occupancy Period (min)
If radar was detected on a certain frequency, this frequency will be considered as
Unavailable for a period defined by the Channel Non Occupancy Period
parameter. During this period this frequency will not be used by the DFS
mechanism.
The range is from 0 to 60 minutes.
The default is 30 minutes.
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4.7.2.2.2.3.4 Startup Test Valid Period (hours)
After deciding that a frequency is Available (no radar was detected by the Channel
Availability Check algorithm), it is considered as an Available frequency for a
period defined by the Startup Test Valid Period parameter. During this period the
unit may start transmitting on this frequency without performing a Channel
Availability Check.
The range is from 0 to 48 hours.
The default is 6 hours.
4.7.2.2.2.3.5 Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
The Radar Detection Threshold is the minimum level of received radar signal that
must be detected by the algorithm assuming an Rx Antenna gain of 0 dBi. The
higher the EIRP, the higher should be the Radar Detection Threshold.
The range is from -36 to -70 dBm.
The default depends on the EIRP (Tx Power + Antenna Gain) of the Sector:
Table 4-19: Radar Detection Threshold Defaults
4.7.2.2.2.4
EIRP (dBm)
Radar Detection Threshold (dBm)
>30
-67
23-30
-64
<23
-62
Usable Frequencies
The Usable Frequencies List can include frequencies to be used for DFS. The
subset of usable frequencies list should be defined taking into account the allowed
frequencies according to applicable regulations and the requirement for uniform
spreading.
NOTE
For units using the 5.8 GHz ETSI, 5.4-5.8 GHz ETSI, 5.8 GHz FCC and 5.4-5.8 GHz FCC Band
Name: DFS is not required by the relevant ETSI/FCC regulations for frequencies in the range from
5850 to 5875 MHz. These means that frequencies in this range included in the Usable Frequencies
List are always considered as Available.
The Usable Frequency menu includes the following options:
 Show: To display the current list
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 Add Frequencies: To add one or several frequencies (in MHz) to the list.
Multiple entries are separated by semi-colon (;).
 Delete Frequencies: To delete one or several frequencies (in MHz) from the list.
Multiple entries are separated by semi-colon (;).
 Delete Entire List: To clear the list.
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4.8
BS Menu
BS Menu
According to the capabilities supported by the hardware one or two BSs. The BS
menu enables viewing the current and configured parameters of each BS
supported by the unit and modifying these parameters.
The BS menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary: Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the
supported BSs(s).
 Select: Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a
specific BS.
NOTE
In the current release only configurations with a single BS (BS 1) are supported.
4.8.1
Show Summary
Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the supported BS(s). For each
of the supported BSs the following details are displayed:
 BS Index
 BS ID: A unique identifier of the BS. The BS ID comprises 48 bits displayed in
an IP format as x.x.x.x.x.x (x=0-255).
The BS ID is calculated as follows:
Table 4-20: BS ID Calculation
Operator ID
Cell ID
Sector ID
24 bits
16 bits
8 bits
0-255.0-255.0-255
0-255.0-255
0-3
0-16777215
Service Zone ID(11 bits):
0-2047
Cell Number (5 bits):
0-31
Segment
Number: 0-3
For details on the parameters used for calculating the BS ID refer to:
Operator ID: See “Operator ID” on page 76
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BS Menu
Service Zone ID: See “Service Zone ID” on page 76
Cell Number: See “Cell Number” on page 143
Segment Number: See “Segment Number” on page 143
 BS Name (refer to “BS Name” on page 143)
BS Properties
 ASIC HW Version
 ASIC SW Version
MAC
 Current Segment Number
 Configured Segment Number
 Current Cell Number
 Configured Cell Number
 Current Cell Radius (m)
 Configured Cell Radius (m)
 Current Map Repetition
 Configured Map Repetition
 Map Compression: Downlink/Uplink (not configurable). Indication that
compression of MAP messages is enabled in both downlink and uplink.
 Preamble Index: a read only index of the preamble to use. The Preamble Index
is calculated by:
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For Segment Number 4: 96 + Cell Number.
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Tables 437 & 438 in the standard provide the series to use for each Preamble
Index according to FFT size.
For details on MAC parameters refer to “MAC” on page 143
PHY
 Current Diversity Mode
 Configured Diversity Mode
 Current UL Thermal Noise level
 Configured UL Thermal Noise level
 Bandwidth (MHz): The BS Bandwidth depends on the configured Sector
Bandwidth and Operation Mode. For Single Sector Single BS (with or without
Diversity) Operation Modes the BS Bandwidth equals the Sector Bandwidth
(see “Bandwidth” on page 127).
For details on PHY parameters refer to “PHY” on page 144
Multi Rate
 UL Minimum Sub-Channels
 Current Uplink Multi Rate Support
 Configured Uplink Multi Rate Support
 Current Uplink Basic Rate
 Configured Uplink Basic Rate
 Current Uplink Fade Margin
 Configured Uplink Fade Margin
 Current Downlink Multi Rate Support
 Configured Downlink Multi Rate Support
 Current Downlink Basic Rate
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 Configured Downlink Basic Rate
 Current Downlink Fade Margin
 Configured Downlink Fade Margin
For details on Multi Rate parameters refer to “Multi Rate” on page 145
Channelization
 Current DL Permutation Base
 Configured DL Permutation Base
 Current DL Permutation Base Value
 Configured DL Permutation Base Value
 Current UL Permutation Base
 Configured UL Permutation Base
 Current UL Permutation Base Value
 Configured UL Permutation Base Value
 Current Major Group
 Configured Major Group
For details on Channelization parameters refer to “Channelization” on page 149
BS Connectivity (applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode)
 Current IP Address
 Configured IP Address
 Current Subnet Mask
 Configured Subnet Mask
 Current Default Gateway
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 Configured Default Gateway
 MTU Size (Bytes): In current release MTU Size is not configurable and is set to
1700 bytes.
For details on BS Connectivity parameters refer to “Connectivity” on page 151.
ASN-GW Connectivity (applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode)
 Current IP Address
 Configured IP Address
 Current VLAN ID
 Configured VLAN ID
 Current VLAN Priority
 Configured VLAN Priority
 Current DSCP
 Configured DSCP
 ASN-GW Operational Status (Up/Down. Presented only if Keep Alive Support
is enabled).
For details on ASN-GW Connectivity parameters refer to “Connectivity” on
page 151.
DSCP QoS Marking (applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode)
 NRT DSCP Marking Mode and DSCP Value
 BE DSCP Marking Mode and DSCP Value
For details on DSCP QoS Marking parameters refer to “DSCP QoS Marking” on
page 152.
VLAN Priority QoS Marking (applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode)
 NRT: VLAN Priority Marking Mode and VLAN Priority Value
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 BE: VLAN Priority Marking Mode and VLAN Priority Value
For details on VLAN Priority QoS Marking parameters refer to “VLAN Priority QoS
Marking” on page 153.
BS and ASN-GW Keep Alive (applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode)
 Keep Alive Support
 Keep Alive Timer (Seconds)
 Keep Alive Interval (Seconds)
 Maximum Number Of Keep Alive Failures
If Keep Alive Support is disabled, other Keep alive parameters will not be
presented. For details on BS and ASN-GW Keep Alive parameters refer to “BS and
ASN-GW Keep Alive” on page 155.
4.8.2
Select
Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a specific BS. The
following options are available for the selected BS:
 Show
 Configuration
 Performance Counters
4.8.2.1
Show
Select this option to view the relevant parameters of the selected BS. The
displayed information is the same as described in Show Summary (Section 4.8.1)
above.
4.8.2.2
Configuration
Select this option to view (Show option) or modify (Update option) the following
parameters of the BS:
 General Parameters
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 MAC
 PHY
 Multi Rate
 Channelization
 R6 Interface (applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode)
4.8.2.2.1
General Parameters
The General Parameters submenu enables viewing/updating the following
parameter:
4.8.2.2.1.1
BS Name
An optional descriptive parameter. A string of up to 32 printable characters.
The default is null (an empty string).
4.8.2.2.2
MAC
The MAC submenu enables viewing/updating the following parameters:
 Segment Number
 Cell Number
 Cell Radius (m)
 Map Repetition
4.8.2.2.2.1
Segment Number
Each cell can include up to a maximum of 4 sectors. The Segment Number defines
the sector number in the cell.
The range is from 0 to 3.
The default Segment Number is 0.
4.8.2.2.2.2
Cell Number
The Cell Number is the unique identifier of the Cell in the Service Zone.
The maximum number of Cells per Service Zone is 32, with a maximum of 18
Cells with 4 sectors.
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The range of the Cell Number parameter is from 0 to 31. For Cells with 4 sectors
the range is from 0 to 17.
The default Cell Number is 0.
4.8.2.2.2.3
Cell Radius (m)
The maximum cell radius in meters. This is the distance from the BTS of the
farthest MS that it can serve.
The range is from 8000 to 40000 meter.
In the current release only Cell Radius values of 8000 and 40000 are supported.
The default Cell Radius is 40000 (m).
4.8.2.2.2.4
Map Repetition
The number of repetitions to use for transmitting DL MAP, UL Map, UCD (Uplink
Channel Descriptor), DCD (Downlink Channel Descriptor), and DIUC (Downlink
Interval Usage Code) messages.
The available values are 1, 2, 4.
The default value is 1.
4.8.2.2.3
PHY
The PHY submenu includes the following options:
 Show: Select this option to view the relevant PHY parameters of the selected
BS. The displayed information is the same as described in the PHY section of
Show Summary (Section 4.8.1).
 Perform and Show UL Thermal Noise Measurement: Select this option to
perform uplink thermal noise measurement. The measurement is performed
by scheduling an empty uplink frame and extrapolating from the power
measured on this frame the average noise and interference (NI) level per
subcarrier. The measurement assumes that the NI level is constant across the
whole bandwidth, and it is performed on an empty uplink frame to avoid
taking into account the interference generated by the MS. The test takes about
one minute, and at the end the measured NI is displayed. The measured NI is
used for configuring the UL Thermal Noise Level parameter (see below). Note
that during the test the available throughput is affected because of the
allocation of empty uplink frames.
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 Update: Select this option to update the configured values of the following
parameters:
4.8.2.2.3.1
»
Diversity
»
UL Thermal Noise Level (dBm)
Diversity
In the current release the supported diversity modes are:
 SISO (Single Input Single Output): This is the only mode that can be used by
units using No Diversity operation mode.
 MIMO Matrix A: Supported by units using Diversity operation mode.
4.8.2.2.3.2
UL Thermal Noise Level (dBm)
This parameter defines the target noise level to be used for calculating uplink
CINR values that are necessary for various functions such as the power control
mechanism. The BS broadcasts the targeted UL Thermal Noise Level level that is
used by the MSs in open loop power control mode. Increasing the advertised NI
causes the MS to transmit more power to support the same modulation. The NI
value is typically set 6 dB higher than thermal noise (NI) that is measured in this
test.
The range is from -130 to -100 dBm.
The default is -125 dBm.
CAUTION
A correct value of this parameter is critical for proper performance of the system. Do not change it
from the default value unless advised to modify it by Alvarion’s experts.
4.8.2.2.4
Multi Rate
The system employs a multirate algorithm to dynamically adapt the modulation
scheme and Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding to actual link conditions. The
algorithm is managed by the BS taking into account also information received
from the served MSs. Optimal values are calculated separately for the uplink and
downlink for each MS. MAP messages transmitted to the MSs include information
on the uplink rate that should be used by each MS for its next transmission.
The multirate algorithm optimizes the trade-off between capacity and error rate:
In most deployments, most of the links use high order modulation most of the
time, maximizing capacity. “Bad” links use lower order modulation, maximizing
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availability. The algorithm provides independent adaptation per MS, and it is
performed independently for UL and DL, based on link quality information. The
algorithm provides dynamic adaptation - modulation can be changed on a per
burst basis.
The Multi Rate submenu enables viewing/updating the following parameters:
 Uplink Multi Rate Support
 Uplink Basic Rate
 Uplink Fade Margin
 Downlink Multi Rate Support
 Downlink Basic Rate
 Downlink Fade Margin
4.8.2.2.4.1
UL Minimum Sub-Channels
The minimum number of sub-channels to be used by the uplink rate adaptation
mechanism. At each rate, the mechanism will move from the highest supported
number of sub-channels (35 for 10 MHz bandwidth, 17 for 5 MHz bandwidth)
down to the value of this parameter before reaching a decision to switch to a lower
rate. In the other direction, the mechanism will start at this value and move up to
the highest supported number of sub-channels before reaching a decision to
switch to a higher rate.
The range is from 1 to 17 for a 5 MHz bandwidth and from 1 to 35 for a 10 MHz
bandwidth.
The default is 4 sub-channels.
4.8.2.2.4.2
Uplink Multi Rate Support
Defines whether the multi rate algorithm will be used in the uplink. Under normal
operating conditions the Uplink Multi Rate Support should always be enabled.The
option to disable it is provided primarily for testing purposes.
The default is Enable.
4.8.2.2.4.3
Uplink Basic Rate
When Uplink Multi Rate Support is enabled, the Uplink Basic Rate defines the
lowest rate that can be used by the multi rate algorithm in the uplink. MSs that
cannot communicate with the BS at this rate will not be served. This can be used
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to deny service to MSs with very poor link conditions, thus improving the overall
capacity.
When Uplink Multi Rate Support is disabled, this is the fixed rate at which the BS
will communicate with all MSs it can serve.
The available options are:
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP4
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP2
 QPSK-CTC-1/2
 QPSK-CTC-3/4
 QAM16-CTC-1/2
 QAM16-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-2/3
 QAM64-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-5/6
The default rate is QPSK-CTC-1/2.
4.8.2.2.4.4
Uplink Fade Margin
The system uses hard-coded SNR thresholds for rate-adaptation decisions
according to the Diversity Mode. The Uplink Fade Margin is added to the uplink
thresholds, thus enabling to change the actual thresholds used by the uplink
multirate algorithm (“reducing” the sensitivity according to the radio planning).
The range is from 0 to 15 dB.
The default is 2 dB.
4.8.2.2.4.5
Downlink Multi Rate Support
Defines whether the multi rate algorithm will be used in the downlink. Under
normal operating conditions the Downlink Multi Rate Support should always be
enabled. The option to disable it is provided primarily for testing purposes.
The default is Enable.
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4.8.2.2.4.6
BS Menu
Downlink Basic Rate
When Downlink Multi Rate Support is enabled, the Downlink Basic Rate defines
the lowest rate that can be used by the multi rate algorithm in the downlink. MSs
that cannot communicate with the BS at this rate will not be served. This can be
used to deny service to MSs with very poor link conditions, thus improving the
overall capacity.
When Downlink Multi Rate Support is disabled, this is the fixed rate at which the
BS will communicate with all MSs it can serve.
The available options are:
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP4
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP2
 QPSK-CTC-1/2
 QPSK-CTC-3/4
 QAM16-CTC-1/2
 QAM16-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-2/3
 QAM64-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-5/6
The default rate is QPSK-CTC-1/2.
4.8.2.2.4.7
Downlink Fade Margin
The system uses hard-coded SNR thresholds for rate-adaptation decisions
according to the Diversity Mode. The Downlink Fade Margin is added to the
downlink thresholds, thus enabling to change the actual thresholds used by the
downlink multirate algorithm (“reducing” the sensitivity according to the radio
planning).
The range is from 0 to 15 dB.
The default is 2 dB.
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4.8.2.2.5
BS Menu
Channelization
The Channelization submenu enables viewing/updating the following parameters:
 DL Permutation Base
 DL Permutation Base Value
 UL Permutation Base
 UL Permutation Base Value
 Major Group
4.8.2.2.5.1
DL Permutation Base
The method for configuring/calculating the permutation base used for downlink
sub-channelization.
The available options are Fix, Variable and Rotated.
 Fix: The permutation base is defined by the DL Permutation Base Value
parameter (see below).
 Variable: The formula is (4*Cell number + Segment number) modulo 32.
 Rotated: The formula starts with (4*Cell number + Segment number) modulo
32 (the same as for Variable), incremented by 1 (modulo 32) each frame.
The default is Fix.
In the current release only the Fix option is supported.
4.8.2.2.5.2
DL Permutation Base Value
The value of the downlink permutation base for Fix DL Permutation Base.
The range is from 0 to 31.
The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.5.3
UL Permutation Base
The method for configuring/calculating the permutation base used for uplink
sub-channelization.
The available options are Fix, Variable and Rotated.
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 Fix: The permutation base is defined by the UL Permutation Base Value
parameter (see below).
 Variable: The permutation base depends on the calculated Preamble Index as
follows:
Table 4-21: Variable UL Permutation Base Calculation
Calculated Preamble Index
UL Permutation Base
0-69
= Preamble Index
70-95
= Preamble Index-70
96-111
= Preamble Index-42
112-113
= Preamble Index-112
 Rotated: Starts with the same value as calculated for Variable, incremented by
1 (modulo 70) each frame.
The default is Fix.
In the current release only the Fix option is supported.
4.8.2.2.5.4
UL Permutation Base Value
The value of the uplink permutation base for Fix UL Permutation Base.
The range is from 0 to 69.
The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.5.5
Major Group
The subchannelization major groups to be used.
A number from 0 to 63 representing the bit map of major groups 0 to 5. A bit is set
if the applicable major group is selected. The supported combinations depend on
the bandwidth: For BS Bandwidth of 5MHz major group can be 0, 2, 4 or any
combination of 0 and 2 or 0 and 4 or 2 and 4. For BS Bandwidth of 10MHz major
groups can be 0,1 or 2,3 or 4,5 or 0,1 and 2,3 or 2,3 and 4,5 or 0,1 and 4,5 or
0,1,2,3,4,5.
The default for bandwidth of 10 MHz is 63 (all major groups selected). The default
for bandwidth of 5 MHz is 21 (major groups 0, 2 and 4 selected).
In the current release only the default value (63) is supported.
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4.8.2.2.6
BS Menu
R6 Interface
The R6 Interface menu enables viewing/modifying the parameters of the R6
tunnel between the BS and an external ASN-GW. The R6 Interface menu is
applicable only in External ASN-GW Working Mode.
The R6 Parameters menu includes the following sub-menus:
 Connectivity
 DSCP QoS Marking
 VLAN Priority QoS Marking
 BS and ASN-GW Keep Alive
4.8.2.2.6.1
Connectivity
The BS Connectivity submenu enables viewing/configuring the following
parameters that affect communication over the R6 tunnel with an external
ASN-GW:
 BS IP Address
 BS Subnet Mask
 BS Default Gateway
 MTU Size
 ASN-GW IP Address
 ASN-GW Default VLAN ID
 ASN-GW Default VLAN Priority
 ASN-GW DSCP
4.8.2.2.6.1.1 BS IP Address
The Bearer Interface IP address used for communication with the external
ASN-GW.
4.8.2.2.6.1.2 BS Subnet Mask
The subnet mask of the Bearer Interface IP address.
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4.8.2.2.6.1.3 BS Default Gateway
The default gateway IP address for the Bearer Interface. The BS Default Gateway
must be in the subnet of the BS IP Address.
4.8.2.2.6.1.4 MTU Size
The maximum MTU size in Bytes. In the current release this parameter is not
configurable and is set to 1700 bytes.
4.8.2.2.6.1.5 ASN-GW IP Address
The IP address of the external ASN-GW. The ASN-GW IP Address must be in the
subnet of the BS IP Address.
4.8.2.2.6.1.6 ASN-GW Default VLAN ID
The default VLAN ID to be used in communication with the external ASN-GW.
The range is from 1 to 4094 or 4096 for None (untagged).
The default is 4096 (None).
4.8.2.2.6.1.7 ASN-GW Default VLAN Priority
Applicable only if the ASN-GW VLAN ID is other than None (4096). The default
VLAN Priority to be used in communication with the external ASN-GW.
The range is from 0 to 7.
4.8.2.2.6.1.8 ASN-GW DSCP
The DSCP value to be used in communication with the external ASN-GW.
The range is from 0 to 63.
The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.6.2
DSCP QoS Marking
The DSCP QoS Marking submenu enables viewing/updating the following
parameters per QoS type:
NOTE
In the current release only NRT and BE QoS are supported.
4.8.2.2.6.2.1 NRT DSCP Marking Mode
The NRT DSCP Marking Mode define how to handle the outer DSCP marking of
the GRE tunnel for NRT traffic.
If set to Marking, a configurable DSCP value will be added at uplink direction and
removed at downlink direction together with the GRE tunnel.
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If set to Transparent, the value of the inner DSCP will be used also as the outer
DSCP in the uplink direction. No specific action is required at downlink direction
assuming that the inner DSCP is assigned properly.
The following Value parameter is applicable only if NRT DSCP Marking Mode is set
to Marking.
The default is Transparent.
4.8.2.2.6.2.2 NRT DSCP Value
Applicable only if NRT DSCP Marking Mode is set to Marking. The DSCP value to
be applied in the uplink to packets in NRT connections.
A value in the range from 0 to 63.
The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.6.2.3 BE DSCP Marking Mode
The BE DSCP Marking Mode define how to handle the outer DSCP marking of the
GRE tunnel for BE traffic.
If set to Marking, a configurable DSCP value will be added at uplink direction and
removed at downlink direction together with the GRE tunnel.
If set to Transparent, the value of the inner DSCP will be used also as the outer
DSCP in the uplink direction. No specific action is required at downlink direction
assuming that the inner DSCP is assigned properly.
The following Value parameter is applicable only if BE DSCP Marking Mode is set
to Marking.
The default is Transparent.
4.8.2.2.6.2.4 BE DSCP Value
Applicable only if BE DSCP Marking Mode is set to Marking. The DSCP value to be
applied in the uplink to packets in BE connections.
A value in the range from 0 to 63.
The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.6.3
VLAN Priority QoS Marking
The VLAN Priority QoS Marking submenu is not applicable if the ASN-GW Default
VLAN ID (see “ASN-GW Default VLAN ID” on page 152) is set to None (untagged).
The submenu enables viewing/updating the following parameters per QoS type:
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NOTE
In the current release only NRT and BE QoS are supported.
4.8.2.2.6.3.1 NRT VLAN Priority Marking Mode
The NRT VLAN Priority Marking Mode define how to handle the outer VLAN
Priority marking of the GRE tunnel for NRT traffic.
If set to Marking, a configurable VLAN Priority value will be added at uplink
direction and removed at downlink direction together with the GRE tunnel.
If set to None Specific, then the ASN-GW Default VLAN Priority (see “ASN-GW
Default VLAN Priority” on page 152) will be used for all QoS types.
If set to Transparent, the value of the inner VLAN Priority will be used also as the
outer VLAN parameters in the uplink direction. No specific action is required at
downlink direction assuming that the inner VLAN is assigned properly.
NOTE
In the current release the Transparent option is not supported.
The following Value parameters are applicable only if NRT VLAN Priority Marking
Mode is set to Marking.
The default is None Specific.
4.8.2.2.6.3.2 NRT VLAN Priority Value
Applicable only if NRT VLAN Priority Marking Mode is set to Marking. Enables
configuration of the outer VLAN Priority to be applied in the uplink to packets in
NRT connections.
A value in the range 0 to 7. The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.6.3.3 BE VLAN Priority Marking Mode
The BE VLAN Priority Marking Mode define how to handle the outer VLAN Priority
marking of the GRE tunnel for BE traffic.
If set to Marking, a configurable VLAN Priority value will be added at uplink
direction and removed at downlink direction together with the GRE tunnel.
If set to None Specific, then the ASN-GW Default VLAN Priority (see “ASN-GW
Default VLAN Priority” on page 152) will be used for all QoS types.
If set to Transparent, the value of the inner VLAN Priority will be used also as the
outer VLAN parameters in the uplink direction. No specific action is required at
downlink direction assuming that the inner VLAN is assigned properly.
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NOTE
In the current release the Transparent option is not supported.
The following Value parameters are applicable only if BE VLAN Priority Marking
Mode is set to Marking.
The default is None Specific.
4.8.2.2.6.3.4 BE VLAN Priority Value
Applicable only if VLAN Priority Marking Mode is set to Marking. Enables
configuration of the outer VLAN Priority to be applied in the uplink to packets in
BE connections.
A value in the range 0 to 7. The default is 0.
4.8.2.2.6.4
BS and ASN-GW Keep Alive
The BS and ASN-GW Keep Alive submenu enables viewing/updating the
parameters of the keep-alive mechanism between the BS and the external
ASN-GW:
4.8.2.2.6.4.1 Keep Alive Support
The Keep Alive Support parameter defines whether the keep alive mechanism is
disabled or enabled.
The default is Disable.
If Keep Alive Support is set to Disable the following parameters are not applicable
and are not presented.
4.8.2.2.6.4.2 Keep Alive Timer (Seconds)
The Keep Alive Timer parameter defines the time between PING transmissions to
the ASN-GW.
The range is from 60 to 180 seconds. The default is 60 seconds.
4.8.2.2.6.4.3 Keep Alive Interval (Seconds)
The Keep Alive Interval defines the time to wait for a keep-alive response from the
ASN-GW.
The range is from 1 to 30 seconds. The default is 5 seconds.
4.8.2.2.6.4.4 Maximum Number of Keep Alive Failures
The Maximum Number of Keep Alive Failures defines the maximum number of
keep-alive failures before reaching a decision that the ASN-GW is not reachable.
The range is from 1 to 10. The default is 3.
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4.8.2.3
BS Menu
Performance Counters
The Performance Counters menu enables showing or resetting the following BS
Wireless counters:
 UL Received Packets: The total number of packets received by the BS.
 UL Received Bytes: The total number of bytes received by the BS.
 UL Discarded Packets: The total number of packets received by the BS that
were discarded.
 DL Transmitted Packets: The total number of packets transmitted by the BS.
 DL Transmitted Bytes: The total number of bytes transmitted by the BS.
 DL Discarded Packets: The total number of packets intended for transmission
by the BS that were discarded before transmission.
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4.9
Radio Channel Menu
Radio Channel Menu
Each BS has two Radio Channels. In configurations using Operation Mode with
no Diversity, only one Radio Channel is used. In configurations using Operation
Mode with Diversity, two Radio Channels are used.
The Radio Channel menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary: Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the
available Radio Channel(s).
 Select: Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a
specific Radio Channel.
NOTE
In the current release, only Radio Channels 1 and 2 (the Radio channels of BS1) are applicable.
4.9.1
Show Summary
Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the available Radio
Channel(s). For each of the Radio Channels the following details are displayed:
 Radio Channel ID
General Parameters
 Admin Status (for details see “Admin Status” on page 158)
 Operational Status (Up/Down)
 Frequency (MHz): Calculated based on the Operation Mode and Frequency
Settings for relevant Sector(s). For the Operation Modes supported in the
current release (Single Sector Single BS with or without Diversity) the
Channel(s) Frequency equals the Sector’s Frequency.
4.9.2
Select
Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a specific Radio
Channel. The following options are available for the selected Radio Channel:
 Show
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 Update
4.9.2.1
Show
Select this option to view the relevant parameters of the selected Radio Channel.
The displayed information is the same as described in Show Summary
(Section 4.9.1) above.
4.9.2.2
Update
Select this option to modify the Admin Status parameter of the Radio Channel:
4.9.2.2.0.1
Admin Status
The Admin Status parameter is used to control the administrative status of the
channel.
For proper operation the Admin Status of all applicable channels should be
enabled.
The default Admin status is Disable.
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4.10
Antenna Menu
Antenna Menu
According to the capabilities supported by the hardware and (if applicable) the
selected Operation Mode, the unit can use one or two antennas. For Integral
Antennas the parameters are read only and cannot be modified. For External
Antennas the parameters are configurable.
The Antenna menu enables viewing the configured parameters of each Antenna
and modifying the parameters of External Antenna(s).
The Antenna menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary: Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the
Antenna(s).
 Select: Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a
specific Antenna.
NOTE
In configurations that supports a single Antenna only Antenna 1 is available.
4.10.1 Show Summary
Select this option to view all relevant parameters of the configured Antenna(s). For
each of the available Antennas the following details are displayed:
 Antenna ID
 Current Antenna Gain (dBi)
 Configured Antenna Gain (dBi)
 Beam Width (degrees)
 Antenna Polarization
 Antenna Type: Integral or External according to the unit’s type.
Refer to Section 4.10.2.2 for details on these parameters.
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4.10.2 Select
Use this option to select the viewing and configuration mode for a specific
Antenna. The following options are available for the selected Antenna:
4.10.2.1
Show
Select this option to view the relevant parameters of the selected Antenna. The
displayed information is the same as described in Show Summary (Section 4.10.1)
above.
4.10.2.2
Update
This option is applicable only for external Antennas. Select this option to
configure/modify the following parameters of the selected Antenna:
 Antenna Gain (dBi)
 Beam Width (degrees)
 Antenna Polarization
NOTE
For a Dual Slant antenna only Antenna 1 should be configured. The read-only configuration of
Antenna 2 will be copied from the configuration of Antenna 1.
4.10.2.2.1
Antenna Gain (dBi)
The gain of the antenna in dBi.
The range is from 0 to 40 dBi.
The defaults is 14 dBi.
NOTE
For units using a Band Name with limitation on the maximum allowed EIRP, the configuration range
for Antenna Gain depends on the currently configured values for Tx Power and Bandwidth. For
more details refer to “Tx Power” on page 129.
For such units using two antennas per sector, the gain of both antennas must be set to the same
value.
4.10.2.2.2
Beam Width (degrees)
The antenna’s beamwidth in degrees.
Available values are 60, 90, 120 and 360 degrees.
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The default is 0 (a different value must be configured).
4.10.2.2.3
Antenna Polarization
The polarization of the antenna.
Available options are Vertical, Horizontal, Dual Slant and Omni. The Omni option
is available only if the configured Beam Width is 360 degrees. No other option is
supported for a beamwidth of 360 degrees.
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4.11
GPS Menu
GPS Menu
The GPS menu enables viewing the status and general GPS information and the
current and configured values of the GPS parameters. It also enables updating the
configurable GPS parameters.
The GPS menu includes the following options:
4.11.1 Show Summary
Select the Show Summary option to view the following details:
Chain parameters
 Chain Number
 Current GPS Type
 Configured GPS Type
 Hold Over Passed Timeout (min)
 Stop TX after Hold over Timeout
 Time Zone Offset From UTC (hours)
 Daylight Saving
 Start Date
 Stop Date
 Advance Hour Factor
For details refer to “Chain Parameters” on page 164. The Start Date, Stop Date
and Advance Hour Factor parameters are applicable only if Daylight Saving is set
to Enable.
Clock Parameters
 Clock Mode
 External 1 PPS Clock
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 External 10 MHz Clock
For details refer to “Clock Parameters” on page 166.
GPS Info Parameters
The GPS Info Parameters include read-only information received from the GPS
receiver (when available).
 Number Of Received Satellites: The number of satellites received by the GPS
receiver. For proper operation at least four satellites should be received.
 Longitude: The longitude as calculated by the GPS receiver. The format is
, where xxx is the longitude in degrees, yyy is in minutes, and A is
either N (North) or S (South).
 Latitude: The latitude as calculated by the GPS receiver. The format is
, where xxx is the longitude in degrees, yyy is in minutes, and B is
either E (East) or W (West).
 Altitude: The altitude in meters as calculated by the GPS receiver.
 Calculated Local Date and Time: The local date and time (using 24 hours
clock) as calculated using the data received from the GPS receiver and taking
into account the configured Time Zone Offset From UTC and Daylight Saving
parameters.
 Navigation Processor SW Version: The number and date of the GPS Navigation
Processor SW Version.

Signal Processor SW Version: The number and date of the GPS Signal
Processor SW Version.
 GPS HW Version: The GPS HW Version.
GPS Status
 External 1PPS: The status of External 1PPS clock (OK or Failed).
 External 10MHz: The status of External 16MHz clock (OK or Failed).
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 4 Satellites And More: Applicable only for Trimble GPS, indicating whether 4
(the minimum required for initial synchronization) or more satellites are
received by the GPS receiver (OK or Failed).
 2 Satellites And More: Applicable only for Trimble GPS, indicating whether 2
(the minimum number required for maintaining synchronization) or more
satellites are received by the GPS receiver (OK or Failed).
 GPS Com: Applicable only for Trimble GPS, indicating the status of
communication with the GPS receiver (OK or Failed).
 Hold Over Entered: Indicating whether the device has entered into Hold Over
state (None or Started).
 Hold Over T/O Passed: Indicating whether Hold Over Timeout has passed
(None or Passed).
 BS Stopped to Transmit: Indicating whether the BSs are transmitting or not
(OK/Stopped).
4.11.2 Configuration
The GPS Configuration menu enables managing the following:
4.11.2.1
Chain Parameters
Chaining of co-located BTSs is required to fully support intra-site
synchronization. When two or more BTSs are chained, all clocks are sent from the
Master BTS to the Slave BTSs. The Chain menu includes parameters that should
be shared by all BTSs belonging to the same chain.
In the current release chaining is not supported yet and all BTSs are configured
as Master.
The Chain menu includes the following:
4.11.2.1.1
Chain Number
The Chain Number is used as a unique identifier of a chain. All BTSs belonging to
the same chain should be configured with the same Chain Number. The Chain
Number can be used by a central management system to guarantee that certain
limitations are met: in each chain, one, and only one BTS should be defined as
Master.
The range is from 1 to 1500.
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The default is 0, indicating that a Chain Number is not configured yet. A valid
Chain Number must be configured, and this number must be unique in the
managed network to properly support future implementation of chaining.
4.11.2.1.2
GPS Type
The GPS Type defines the GPS receiver.
The available options are None and Trimble.
The default is Trimble.
4.11.2.1.3
Stop Tx After Hold Over Timeout
For initial synchronization, a minimum of four satellites must be received properly
(meeting certain criteria). Upon losing the 1PPS clock from the GPS, or if the
received clock is not considered accurate enough because the number of received
satellites dropped below the minimum (two satellites), the local 1PPS clock will be
generated using the internal 10MHz clock. After a certain time (defined by the
Hold Over Passed Timeout parameter described below), it is assumed that due to
clock drifts there might be interferences among sectors belonging to the BTS and
sectors belonging to neighboring BTSs. If the Stop Tx After Hold Over Timeout
parameter is set to Enable, the BTS will stop transmitting after this timeout
(unless the number of properly received satellites has increased again to four or
more), to prevent interferences to the sectors belonging to other BTSs. If it is set to
Disable, transmissions will continue indefinitely, at the expense of potential
interferences to sectors belonging to other BTSs.
The default is Disable (Hold Over indefinitely).
4.11.2.1.4
Hold Over Passed Timeout (Min)
This parameter defines the Hold Over timeout, after which there might be
interferences to other sectors. When the Stop Tx After Hold Over Timeout is
enabled, transmissions will stop after this timeout. When the Stop Tx After Hold
Over Timeout is disabled, this timeout is used to generate a trap indicating that
there might be interferences to neighboring sectors.
The range is from 0 to 2880 (minutes).
The default is 30 (minutes).
4.11.2.1.5
Time Zone Offset From UTC
This is the offset of the local time from UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).
The range is from -12:00 up to +13:00 in 30 minutes resolution. The format must
be either -XX:YY or +XX:YY where YY is either 00 or 30.
The default is +00:00.
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4.11.2.1.6
GPS Menu
Daylight Saving
The Daylight Saving parameter is used to enable or disable the daylight saving
feature using the following Start Date, End Date and Advance Hour Factor
parameters.
The default is Disable
4.11.2.1.7
Start Date
When Daylight Saving is enabled, this parameter defines the date for starting the
daylight saving feature. At the beginning of this date (midnight at the beginning of
this date), the clock will be advanced by the amount of hours specified by the
Daylight Saving Advance Factor (see below).
Use the format dd:mm to define the date and month at which to start activating
the Daylight Saving feature.
4.11.2.1.8
End Date
When Daylight Saving is enabled, this parameter defines the date for ending the
daylight saving feature (at “Daylight Saving Advance Factor” hours after midnight
at the end of this date).
Use the format dd:mm to define the date and month at which to end activating the
Daylight Saving feature.
4.11.2.1.9
Advance Hour Factor
This parameter enables configuring the amount of time by which the clock should
be advanced during the daylight saving period.
The range is from 0 to 4:45 (hours) in steps of 15 minutes.
4.11.2.2
Clock Parameters
In the current release Clock Parameters are not configurable. The Show option for
Clock Parameters displays the default Clock Mode (Master) and the sources for
the main clocks in the system according to the Clock Mode.
The Clock Parameters submenu includes the following:
 Clock Mode
 External 1PPS Clock
 External 10MHz Clock
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4.11.2.2.1
GPS Menu
Clock Mode
The Clock Mode parameters defines the location of the unit in the chain. The
available options (not applicable for the current release) are:
 Master
 Slave#1 (the first Slave unit in the chain, connected to the Master unit)
 Slave#2 (the second Slave unit in the chain, connected to Slave#1)
 Slave#3 (the third Slave unit in the chain, connected to Slave#2)

Slave#4 (the fourth Slave unit in the chain, connected to Slave#3)
 Slave#5 (the fifth Slave unit in the chain, connected to Slave#4)
The default is Master.
Under normal conditions, the clocks are supplied by the Master unit to the Slave
units. If Slave#1 will detect that it does not receive clocks for a certain period of
time, it will assume that the Master unit has failed and will start using its internal
10 MHz clock, supplying the clocks also to the other slave units (if exist). Slave#2
will wait for a longer period of time before assuming that both the Master and
Slave#1 have failed, and so on.
The functionality and operation mode of the main clocks is:
4.11.2.2.2
External 1PPS Clock
The 1PPS (Pulse Per Second) clock is used to determine the air-frame start time.
Assuming that all systems use the same air-frame size and DL/UL Ratio, then,
when the 1PPS clock is received from a GPS system, this mechanism ensures
inter-site and intra-site synchronization among all sectors, preventing cross
interference and saturation problems. When using the internal 1PPS clock
(derived from the 10MHz clock source), only intra-site synchronization among
sectors can be achieved.
For a Master unit the default External 1PPS Clock is Disable (use internal 1PPS
clock source derived from either the built-in GPS receiver or from the 10MHz
clock).
For Slave units the default External 1PPS Clock is Enable (derived from the
previous unit in the chain).
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4.11.2.2.3
GPS Menu
External 10MHz Clock
The 10MHz clock source is used for generation of all main clocking signals in the
system, including the internal 1PPS clock when GPS Type is set to None or when
the GPS receiver does not function properly.
For a Master unit the default External 10MHz Clock is Disable (use internal clock
source).
For Slave units the default External 10MHz Clock is Enable (derived from the
previous unit in the chain).
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4.12
MS Menu
MS Menu
The MS menu enables viewing general details on MSs that exist in the database. It
also enables resetting (de-registering) a connected MS. In Embedded Distributed
ASN-GW Not Authenticated working mode it also enables adding/deleting MSs
to/from the database.
The MS menu includes the following options:
 Show Summary
 Show Concise Summary
 Show Summary by BS
 Show Concise Summary by BS
 Select By MAC
 Add
4.12.1 Show Summary
Select this option to view summary information and main details for all connected
and pre-configured MSs.
For each MS, the following information is displayed:
 MS MAC Address
 MS IP Address: The MS Management IP address
 BS ID: The BS to which the MS is connected (1 or 2), or 0 if the MS is not
connected to any BS.
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 Operational Status (the current state in the network entry process):
»
Service Defined Not In Use
»
Radio Up
»
Authorized
»
In Service
 UL RSSI (dBm)
 UL CINR (dB)
In addition, the following summary information is provided:
 Total Number of MSs: The total number of SUs in the database (including
connected and pre-configured MSs)
 Total Number of MSs Connected to BS1
 Total Number of MSs Connected to BS2
4.12.2 Show Concise Summary
Select this option to view the summary information for all MSs:
 Total Number of MSs: The total number of SUs in the database (including
connected and pre-configured MSs)
 Total Number of MSs Connected to BS1
 Total Number of MSs Connected to BS2
4.12.3 Show Summary by BS
Select this option to view the total number of MSs connected to a specific BS as
well as main details on these MSs, as described in Section 4.12.1. You will be
prompted to select the required BS ID.
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4.12.4 Show Concise Summary by BS
Select this option to view the total number of MSs connected to a specific BS. You
will be prompted to select the required BS ID.
4.12.5 Select By MAC
Select this option to select a specific MS by its MAC address. The menu for the
selected MS includes the following options:
 Show
 Show Allocated IP Addresses
 Perform and Show MS Frequency Shift Measurement
 Counters
 De-Register MS
 Delete
4.12.5.1
Show
Select this option to view the general details of the selected MS:
 MS IP Address:
 BS ID
 Operational Status
4.12.5.2
Show Allocated IP Addresses
Select this option to view the IP addresses allocated to the MS. For each allocated
IP address the Connectivity Type (Data, Voice, or Management) will be indicated.
4.12.5.3
Perform and Show MS Frequency Shift Measurement
Select this option to measure the average frequency error of the uplink bursts
transmitted by the MS. The measured frequency shift in Hz will be displayed.
If the frequency error is too high, the MS generates interference limiting the ability
of the BS to properly process received bursts and the maximum rate that can be
used is limited. If the measured frequency shift is higher than 100 Hz it is
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recommended to check the MS and try to correct the situation, since the use of
rates that are lower than expected may reduce also the overall throughput of the
entire cell.
4.12.5.4
Counters
Select this option to view or reset the counters of the MS:
 UL RSSI (dBm)
 UL CINR (dB)
 UL Rate
 UL Total Received Bytes
 UL Total Received Packets
 UL Total Lost Packets
 UL Total Received Bursts
 UL HARQ ACK Bursts*
 UL HARQ NACK Bursts*
 UL HARQ Dropped Bursts*
 DL RSSI (dBm)
 DL CINR (dB)
 DL Rate
 DL Total Transmitted Bytes
 DL Total Transmitted Packets
 DL Total Lost Packets
 DL Total Transmitted Bursts
 DL HARQ ACK Bursts*
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 DL HARQ NACK Bursts*
 DL HARQ Dropped Bursts*
NOTE
DL/UL HARQ counters are not supported in current releaase.
4.12.5.5
De-Register MS
Select this option to force de-registration (link disconnection) of the MS by sending
a De-Registration message from the BTS to the MS. The MS will re-initiate
network entry.
4.12.5.6
Delete
Select this option to delete the selected MS from the database. Applicable only in
Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not Authenticated working mode.
4.12.6 Add
Select this option to Add an MS to the database. You will be prompted to enter the
MAC address. Applicable only in Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not
Authenticated working mode.
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4.13
Parameters Summary
Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
BTS - Configuration - General Parameter
BTS Number
1-999999
No
BTS Name
Up to 32 printable characters
Null
Yes
BTS Location
Up to 64 printable characters
Null
Yes
BTS Contact
Up to 64 printable characters
Null
Yes
Embedded
Distributed ASN-GW
Authenticated
No
BTS - Configuration - Working Mode
BTS Working Mode
 Embedded Distributed ASN-GW
Authenticated
 Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not
Authenticated
 External ASN-GW (not supported in
current release)
BTS - Configuration - Connectivity
IP Address
IP address
1.1.1.23
No
Subnet Mask
subnet mask
255.255.255.0
No
Default Gateway
IP address
0.0.0.0 (none)
No
VLAN ID
1-4094 or 4096 for No VLAN
4096
No
VLAN Priority
0-7
No
BTS - Configuration - Authorized Managers
Authorized Manager IP
Address
IP address
Yes
Authorized Manager Read
Community
Up to 32 printable characters, case
sensitive
public
Yes
Authorized Manager Write
Community
Up to 32 printable characters, case
sensitive
private
Yes
Traps Distribution Enabled
 Disable
Enable
Yes
 Enable
BTS - Configuration - Radio Parameters
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Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
Operator ID
x.y.z, where x, y, z are in the range 0 to
255
0.0.0 (must be
changed)
No
Operator Name
Up to 32 printable characters
Null
Yes
Service Zone ID
0-2047
0 (must be changed)
No
Service Zone Name
Up to 32 printable characters
Null
Yes
Operation Mode
 Single Sector Single BS no Diversity
According to supplied
hardware
No
 Single Sector Single BS no Diversity
DL/UL Ratio
In current release only DL = 60% : UL =
40% is supported
DL = 60% : UL = 40%
No
Band Name
Applicable only for 5 GHz units. Available
options depend on HW type
4.9 GHz units: 4.9
GHz Universal.
No
5.4 GHz units: 4.9
GHz Universal.
Frequencies Management
Level (if DFS supported by
Band Name)
 Sector Level
Sector Level
No
 BTS Level
BTS - Unit Control - Change Password
Administrator Password
1 to 16 printable characters, case
sensitive
admin
Yes
Installer Password
1 to 16 printable characters, case
sensitive
installer
Yes
Monitor Password
1 to 16 printable characters, case
sensitive
monitor
Yes
BTS - Unit Control - SW Version Control - Load to Shadow
TFTP Server IP Address
IP address
Yes
File Name
up to 80 printable characters
Yes
BTS-Unit Control-Configuration File Control-Upload Configuration File-Activate Upload Operation
File Type
Yes
 Full Configuration
 Services (SP & MSF) File (not
applicable in External ASN-GW
working mode)
TFTP Server IP Address
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Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
File Name
up to 80 printable characters
 Full Configuration:
Yes
backup.res
 Services:
profiles_srvc.res
BTS-Unit Control-Configuration File Control-Download Configuration File-Activate Upload Operation
File Type
Yes
 Full Configuration
 Services (SP & MSF) File (not
applicable in External ASN-GW
working mode)
 Frequency File
TFTP Server IP Address
IP address
Yes
File Name
up to 80 printable characters
 Full Configuration:
Yes
backup.res
 Services:
profiles_srvc.res
 Frequency File:
Rfu.db
BTS-Unit Control-Monitor Inactivity Timeout
Monitor Inactivity Timeout
(min)
0-60 minutes. 0 means no timeout.
10 minutes
Yes
BTS-Fault Management-Trap Configuration-Distribution Enabled-Update
Trap ID
Trap ID
Trap Distribution Enabled
 Disable
Yes
Enable
Yes
 Enable
BTS-Fault Management-Trap Configuration-Alarm Severity-Update
Trap ID
Alarm Trap ID
Trap Severity
 Indeterminate
Yes
Depends on trap
Yes
 Critical
 Major
 Minor
 Warning
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
BTS-Fault Management-Trap Configuration-Suppression Interval-Update
Trap ID
Trap ID
Yes
Trap Suppression Interval
(sec)
0-86400 seconds. 0 means no
suppression.
Yes
Clear
Yes
BTS-Fault Management-Event Log Selection Criteris
Minimum Severity
 Clear
 Indeterminate
 Critical
 Major
 Minor
 Warning
Last Days
1-31 days
1 day
Yes
Managed Object Type
 All
All
Yes
All
Yes
 BTS
 ASN GW
 Sector
 BS
 Radio Channel
 GPS
 Antenna
 MS
Specific Event Category
 All
 Alarm
 State Change
 Configuration Change
 System Event
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Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
ASN-GW - AAA - Configuration - AAA Client
Retry Interval (sec)
1-30 (seconds)
5 (seconds)
Yes
Maximum Number of Retries
1-10
Yes
Keep Alive Timeout (sec)
60-180 (seconds)
60 (seconds)
Yes
ASN-GW - AAA - Configuration - Authentication Server
Server Address
IP address
Null
Yes
Server Alias
1-32 printable characters
Null
Yes
Shared Secret
1 to 16 printable characters, case
sensitive
Null
Yes
UDP Port Number
1-65535
1812
Yes
ASN-GW - AAA - Configuration - Accounting Server
Server Address
IP address
Null
Yes
Server Alias
1-32 printable characters
Null
Yes
Shared Secret
1 to 16 printable characters, case
sensitive
Null
Yes
UDP Port Number
1-65535
1813
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - MSs Services
MS MAC Address
MAC address (must exist in database)
Yes
Admin Status
 Enable
Yes
 Disable
Multiple Service Flow Name
A Multiple Service Flow Name that exists
in database.
Yes
Service Profile Name
A Service Profile Name that exists in
database.
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - Service Profiles
Service Profile Name
1-32 printable characters
Yes
Service Profile Type
 Data
Yes
 VoIP
 Management
 PPPoE
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Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
ASN-GW - Services - Service Profiles - Selected Service Profile - QoS Profiles
Uplink QoS Type
Yes
 BE
 NRT
Uplink CP
0-2
Yes
BE: only 0 is supported.
NRT: 1-2 are supported.
Uplink CIR (NRT QoS)
32-54000 Kbps
Yes
Uplink CIR (BE&NRT QoS)
32-54000 Kbps (in NRT cannot be lower
than Uplink CIR)
Yes
Downlink QoS Type
 BE
Yes
 NRT
Downlink CP
0-2
Yes
BE: only 0 is supported.
NRT: 1-2 are supported.
Downlink CIR (NRT QoS)
32-54000 Kbps
Yes
Downlink CIR (BE&NRT
QoS)
32-54000 Kbps (in NRT cannot be lower
than Downlink CIR)
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - Multiple Service Flows
Multiple Service Flow Name
1-32 printable characters
Yes
Service Group Name
A Service Group Name that exists in
database.
Yes
Service Operation Mode
 Bridge
Yes
 Router
ASN-GW - Services - Multiple Service Flows - Selected Multiple Service Flow - Service
Rules
Service Interface Name
A Service Interface Name that exists in
database.
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - Multiple Service Flows - Selected Multiple Service Flow - Service
Rules - Selected Service Rule - Classifiers
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Uplink Classifier Type
 Any
Default
Run-Time
Updated
 DSCP
 VLAN ID
 VLAN Priority
Uplink Classifier Parameter 1
DSCP: 0-63
Yes
VLAN ID: 1-4094
VLAN Priority: 0-7
Uplink Classifier Parameter 2
DSCP: 0-63
Yes
VLAN ID: 1-4094
VLAN Priority: 0-7
(cannot be lower than Uplink Classifier
Parameter 1)
Downlink Classifier Type
 Any
 DSCP
Downlink Classifier
Parameter 1
0-63
Yes
Downlink Classifier
Parameter 2
0-63 (cannot be lower than Downlink
Classifier Parameter 1)
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - Service Groups
Service Group Name
1-32 printable characters
Yes
DHCP Type
Transparent (in current release only
Transparent mode is supported)
Yes
Nomadic Mode
 Enable
Disable
Yes
CPE MAC Address
Yes
 Disable
Attribute 31
 None
 CPE MAC Address
 CPE Fully Qualified Domain Name
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Attribute 32
 None
Default
Run-Time
Updated
 BTS MAC Address
 GIADDR
 Service Interface VLAN
 Management IP Address
 BS ID
 BTS Name
 Free Text
Attribute 32 Free Text
1-32 printable characters
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - Service Interfaces
Service Interface Name
1-32 printable characters
Yes
Forwarding Rule Name
A Forwarding Rule Name that exists in
database.
Yes
CS Type
 Ethernet CS
IP CS
Yes
Enable
Yes
Disable
Yes
 IP CS
In current release only IP CS is
supported
VLAN Interface
 Enable
 Disable
VLAN Transparency
 Enable
 Disable
VLAN ID
1-4094 or null for No VLAN
VLAN Priority Marking
 Enable
Yes
Disable
Yes
 Disable
VLAN Priority
0-7
VLAN List
Up to 16 VLAN IDs (1-4094) separated
by commas or empty for All (including
none)
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Inner DSCP Marking
 Enable
Default
Run-Time
Updated
Yes
 Disable
Inner DSCP
0-63
Yes
ASN-GW - Services - Forwarding Rules
Forwarding Rule Name
1-32 printable characters
Yes
Relay Mode
 Enable
Yes
 Disable
Unknown Address
Forwarding Mode
 Forward
QoS Type
 BE
Yes
 Discard
Yes
 NRT
CP
0-2
Yes
BE: only 0 is supported.
NRT: 1-2 are supported.
CIR (NRT QoS)
32-54000 Kbps
Yes
CIR (BE&NRT QoS)
32-54000 Kbps (in NRT cannot be lower
than CIR)
Yes
Sector - General Parameter
Sector Name
Up to 32 printable characters
null
Yes
Sector Location
Up to 64 printable characters
Null
Yes
Sector Heading
0-359 (degrees)
Yes
Bandwidth
 5 MHz
10 MHz
No
Depends on
supported frequency
band. In 5 GHz units
depend also on Band
Name.
No
 10 MHz
Frequency
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and configured Bandwidth. In 5 GHz units
depend also on Band Name.
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
Tx Power
Depends on unit type. In 5 GHz units
depend also on Band Name and Antenna
Gain.
Depends on unit type.
In 5 GHz units
depend also on Band
Name and Antenna
Gain.
No
Enable
No
DFS (5 GHz units using a Band Name supporting DFS)
DFS Support
 Enable
 Disable
Channel Availability Check
Time
0-600 seconds
60 seconds
No
Channel Non Occupancy
Period
0-60 minutes
30 minutes
No
Startup Test Valid Period
0-48 hours
6 hours
No
Radar Detection Threshold
-36 to -70 dBm
EIRP>30 dBm: -67
No
EIRP=23-30 dBm:-64
EIRP<23 dBm: -62
BS - General Parameters
BS Name
Up to 32 printable characters
Null
Yes
Segment Number
0-3
No
Cell Number
0-31. For cells with 4 sectors the range is
0-17.
No
Cell Radius
8000-40000 (meter)
40000
No
1, 2, 4.
No
 SISO
Single Sector Single
BS no Diversity:
SISO
No
BS - MAC
In current release only 8000 and 40000
are supported
Map Repetition
BS - PHY
Diversity
 MIMO Matrix A
Single Sector Single
BS with Diversity:
MIMO Matrix A
UL Thermal Noise Level
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-130 to -100 (dBm)
-125
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
 5 MHz BW: 1-17
Yes
Enable
No
QAM64-CTC-1/2
No
BS - Multi Rate
UL Minimum Sub-Channels
 10 MHz BW: 1-35
Uplink Multi Rate Support
 Enable
 Disable
Uplink Basic Rate
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP4
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP2
 QPSK-CTC-1/2
 QPSK-CTC-3/4
 QAM16-CTC-1/2
 QAM16-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-2/3
 QAM64-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-5/6
Uplink Fade Margin
0-15 (dB)
2 (dB)
No
Downlink Multi Rate Support
 Enable
Enable
No
 Disable
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
Downlink Basic Rate
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP4
QAM64-CTC-1/2
No
0-15 (dB)
2 (dB)
No
 Fix
Fix
No
 QPSK-CTC-1/2 REP2
 QPSK-CTC-1/2
 QPSK-CTC-3/4
 QAM16-CTC-1/2
 QAM16-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-2/3
 QAM64-CTC-3/4
 QAM64-CTC-5/6
Uplink Fade Margin
BS - Channelization
DL Permutation Base
 Variable
 Rotated
In current release only Fix is supported
DL Permutation Base Value
0-31
No
UL Permutation Base
 Fix
Fix
No
 Variable
 Rotated
In current release only Fix is supported
UL Permutation Base Value
0-69
No
Major Group
0-63. In current release only the default is
supported (63 for BS BW 10 MHz, 21 for
BS BW 5 MHz).)
63 for BS bandwidth
of 10 MHz.
No
21 for BS bandwidth
of 5 MHz.
BS - R6 Interface - Connectivity
BS IP Address
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IP address
No
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
BS Subnet Mask
subnet mask
No
BS Default Gateway
IP address
No
ASN-GW IP Address
IP address
No
ASN-GW Subnet Mask
subnet mask
No
ASN-GW Default Gateway
IP address
No
ASN-GW Default VLAN ID
1-4094 or 4096 for No VLAN
ASN-GW Default VLAN
Priority
0-7
ASN-GW DSCP
0-63
4096
Run-Time
Updated
No
No
No
Transparent
Yes
BS - R6 Interface - DSCP QoS Marking
NRT DSCP Marking Mode
 Transparent
 Marking
NRT DSCP Value
0-63
Yes
BE DSCP Marking Mode
 Transparent
Transparent
Yes
Yes
None Specific
Yes
 Marking
BE DSCP Value
0-63
BS - R6 Interface - VLAN Priority QoS Marking
NRT VLAN Priority Marking
Mode
 None Specific
 Transparent (not supported in current
release)
 Marking
NRT VLAN Priority Value
0-7
Yes
BE VLAN Priority Marking
Mode
 None Specific
None Specific
Yes
Yes
 Transparent (not supported in current
release)
 Marking
BE VLAN Priority Value
0-7
BS - R6 Interface - BS and ASN-GW Keep Alive
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
Keep Alive Support
 Enable
Disable
Yes
 Disable
Keep Alive Timer (sec)
60-180 seconds
60
Yes
Keep Alive Interval (sec)
1-30 seconds
Yes
Maximum Number of Keep
Alive Failures
1-10
Yes
 Enable
Disable
Yes
14
No
Radio Channel - General
Admin Status
 Disable
Antenna (configurable only for external antenna)
Antenna Gain
0-40 dBi
Beam Width
60, 90, 120 or 360 degrees
Yes
Antenna Polarization
Vertical, Horizontal, Dual Slant or Omni
Yes
GPS - Chain Parameters
Chain Number
1 - 1500
0 (means not defined
yet-must be defined)
No
GPS Type
 None
Trimble
Yes
 Trimble
Hold Over Passed Timeout
0 - 2880 (minutes)
30 (minutes)
No
Stop Tx After Hold Over
Timeout
 Disable
Disable
No
Time Zone Offset From UTC
-12:00 to +13:00 in steps of 30 minutes
+00:00
No
Daylight Saving
 Disable
Disable
No
 Enable
 Enable
Daylight Saving Start Date
dd.mm
Yes
Daylight Saving End Date
dd.mm
Yes
Daylight Saving Advance
Factor
0 to 4:45 hours in 15 minutes steps
+00:00
Yes
GPS - Clock Parameters
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Parameters Summary
Table 4-22: BTS Parameters Summary
Parameter
Range
Default
Run-Time
Updated
Clock Mode
 Master
Master
No
Master: Disable
No
 Slave#1
 Slave#2
 Slave#3
 Slave#4
 Slave#5
Not configurable in the current release:
only Master is supported (no chaining).
External 1 PPS Clock
 Enable
Slave: Enable
 Disable
Not configurable in the current release.
External 10 MHz Clock
Master: Disable
 Enable
No
Slave: Enable
 Disable
Not configurable in the current release.
MS - Add (applicable only in Embedded Distributed ASN-GW Not Authenticated working mode)
Select MS MAC
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MAC address
Yes
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Glossary
AAA
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (pronounced "triple a."). A system (or
several systems) that controls what resources users have access to, and keeps
track of the activity of users over the network.
AAS
Adaptive Antenna System, also called Advanced Antenna System, is a technology to
enable the network operators to increase the wireless network capacity. In addition,
adaptive antenna systems offer the potential of increased spectrum efficiency,
extended range of coverage and higher rate of frequency reuse. Adaptive antenna
systems consist of multiple antenna elements at the transmitting and/or receiving
side of the communication link, whose signals are processed adaptively in order to
exploit the spatial dimension of the mobile radio channel. Depending on whether the
processing is performed at the transmitter, receiver, or both ends of the
communication link, the adaptive antenna technique is defined as multiple-input
single-output (MISO), single-input multiple-output (SIMO), or multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO).
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A code for representing
English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.
ASN
Access Service Network. An ASN is defined as a complete set of network functions
needed to provide radio access to a WiMAX subscriber. An ASN is comprised of
network elements such as one or more Base Stations (BS) and one or more ASN
gateways (ASN-GW). An ASN may be shared by more than one Connectivity
Service Network (CSN).
ASN-GW
Access Service Network Gateway. The ASN-GW is a network entity that acts as a
gateway between the ASN and CSN. The ASN functions hosted in an ASN-GW may
be viewed as consisting of two groups - the decision point (DP) that provides control
functionality and enforcement point (EP) that provides bearer transport.
AU
Access Unit
AWG
An electronics industry acronym for American Wire Gauge. AWG is a measure of the
thickness of copper, aluminum and other wiring.
BTS
Base Transceiver Station. A wireless network element that provides the radio
interface of the network. The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception
devices, and also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.
BW
Bandwidth
CINR
Carrier-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (expressed in dB)
CIR
Committed Information Rate. The rate (in bits per second) at which a network
guarantees to transfer information under normal conditions, averaged over a
minimum increment of time.
CLI
Command Line Interface. A user interface that accepts typed commands to instruct
the managed device on the task to perform.
CPU
Central Processing Unit.
CS
Convergence Sublayer. Particular protocols that are responsible for gathering and
formatting higher layer information so it can be processed by the lower layers.
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CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. Media-access mechanisms
wherein devices ready to transmit data first check the channel for a carrier. If no
carrier is sensed for a specific period of time, a device can transmit. If two devices
transmit at once, a collision occurs and is detected by all colliding devices. This
collision subsequently delays retransmissions from those devices for some random
length of time. Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 use CSMA/CD access.
CSN
Connectivity Service Network. A CSN is defined as a set of network functions that
provide IP connectivity services to WiMAX subscribers and all the IP core network
functions. A CSN is comprised of network elements such as routers, proxy/servers,
user databases, and inter-working gateway devices.
CTC
Convolutional Turbo Code is a type of turbo codes with some of the convolutional
schemes used. For its high-performance error correction nature, CTC is the iterative
decoding scheme of choice as evidenced by their wide adoption in standards bodies.
DCD
Downlink Channel Descriptor.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol for dynamically assigning IP
addresses from a pre-defined list to nodes on a network. Using DHCP to manage IP
addresses simplifies client configuration and efficiently utilizes IP addresses.
DL
Down Link
DSCP
Differentiated Service Code Point, AKA DiffServ: An alternate use for the ToS byte in
IP packets. Six bits of this byte are being reallocated for use as the DSCP field
where each DSCP specifies a particular per-hop behavior that is applied to the
packet.
DNS
Domain Naming System. A system that stores information about hostnames and
domain names. DNS provides an IP address for each hostname, and lists the e-mail
exchange servers accepting e-mail addresses for each domain.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line. A technology that exploits unused frequencies on copper
telephone lines to transmit traffic typically at multi-megabit speeds. DSL can allow
voice and high-speed data to be sent simultaneously over the same line. Because
the service is 'always available,' end-users don't need to dial in or wait for call set-up.
EAP
Extensible Authentication Protocol, A protocol used between a user station and an
authenticator or authentication server. It acts as a transport for authentication
methods or types. It, in turn may be encapsulated in other protocols, such as 802.1x
and RADIUS. EAP is defined by RFC 2284.
EDT
Electrical Down-Tilt
EIRP
Equavalent Isotropic Radiated Power. The apparent power transmitted towards the
receiver, if it is assumed that the signal is radiated equally in all directions. The EIRP
is equal to the power (in dBm) at the antenna port, plus the power gained from the
directivity of the antenna (in dBi).
EMC
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility. The capability of equipment or systems to be used in
their intended environment within designed efficiency levels without causing or
receiving degradation due to unintentional EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference). EMC
generally encompasses all of the electromagnetic disciplines.
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ETS
European Telecommunications Standard
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute. A non-profit organization
producing voluntary telecommunications standards used throughout Europe, some
of which have been adopted by the EC as the technical base for Directives or
Regulations.
GPS
Global Positioning System. A system that uses satellites, receivers and software to
allow users to determine their precise geographic position.
GRE
General Routing Encapsulation. A method or technique of adding an IP standard
header and trailer to a message that does not follow IP protocols. The encapsulated
message is sent over a public network while received messages are stripped of the
wrapper and processed. This permits non-standard data and totally encrypted
messages to use the Internet. The technology is an important element in Virtual
Private Network (VPN) offerings.
HP
High Power.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE (pronounced I-triple-E) is an
organization of engineers, scientists, and students. The IEEE is best known for
developing standards for the computer and electronics industry. In particular, the
IEEE 802 standards for local-area networks are widely followed.
IEEE 802.16
Also known as WIMAX. A group of broadband wireless communications standards
for metropolitan area networks (MANs) developed by a working group of the IEEE.
IEEE 802.16e
802.16e, also known as 802.16-2005, is an IEEE standard addressing mobility of
wireless broadband (WiMax). IEEE 802.16e is sometimes called Mobile WiMAX,
after the WiMAX forum for interoperability. 802.16e, based on an existing WiMAX
standard 802.16a, adds WiMAX mobility in the 2-to-6 GHz-licensed bands. 802.16e
allows for fixed wireless and mobile Non Line of Sight (NLOS) applications primarily
by enhancing the OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).
IEEE 802.1p
A QoS method - A three-bit value that can be placed inside an 802.1Q frame tag.
IEEE 802.1q
The IEEE 802.1q standard defines the operation of VLAN Bridges that permit the
definition, operation and administration of Virtual LAN topologies within a Bridged
LAN infrastructure. The 802.1q specification establishes a standard method for
inserting VLAN membership information into Ethernet frames. A tag field containing
VLAN (and/or 802.1p priority) information can be inserted into an Ethernet frame,
carrying VLAN membership information.
IEEE 802.3
A Local Area Network protocol suite commonly known as Ethernet. Ethernet uses
Carrier Sense Multiple Access bus with Collision Detection CSMA/CD. This method
allows users to share the network cable. However, only one station can use the
cable at a time. A variety of physical medium dependent protocols are supported.
IF
Intermediate Frequency. Radio communications systems modulate a carrier
frequency with a baseband signal in order to achieve radio transmission. In many
cases, the carrier is not modulated directly. Instead, a lower IF signal is modulated
and processed. At a later circuit stage, the IF signal is converted up to the
transmission frequency band.
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IGMP
Internet Group Membership Protocol) is protocol used by IP hosts to report their host
group memberships to any immediately neighboring multicast routers.
The use of IP multicasting in TCP/IP networks is defined as a TCP/IP standard in
RFC 1112. In addition to defining address and host extensions for how IP hosts
support multicasting, this RFC also defines the IGMP version 1. Version 2 of IGMP is
defined in RFC 2236. Both versions of IGMP provide a protocol to exchange and
update information about host membership in specific multicast groups.
IP
Internet Protocol. The standard that defines how data is transmitted over the
Internet. IP bundles data, including e-mail, faxes, voice calls and messages, and
other types, into "packets", in order to transmit it over public and private networks.
LED
Light Emitting Diode.
MAC
Media Access Control. The lower of the two sub-layers of the data link layer defined
by the IEEE. The MAC sub-layer handles access to shared media, such as whether
token passing or contention will be used.
MAC Address
Standardized data link layer address that is required for every port or device that
connects to a LAN. Other devices in the network use these addresses to locate
specific ports in the network and to create and update routing tables and data
structures. MAC addresses are 6bytes long and are controlled by the IEEE.
MDT
Mechanical Down-Tilt
MIB
Management Information Base. A database of objects that can be monitored by a
network management system. SNMP uses standardized MIB formats that allow any
SNMP tools to monitor any device defined by a MIB.
MIMO
Multiple Input, Multiple Output. A technique for faster wireless communication.
MIMO allows for the use of multiple transmitter and receiver antennas to increase
throughput and range.
MIP
Mobile IP. A protocol used to provide IP mobility to IPv4-based nodes, defined in
RFC-2002.
MIR
Maximum Information Rate. Specifies the maximum rate of information that can be
available to a user. The MIR is used by the traffic policing mechanism to prevent
users from sending excess traffic to the network.
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit. This is the greatest amount of data that can be
transferred in one physical frame on the network. If a packet that has a smaller MTU
than the packet's frame length is sent, fragmentation will occur. For TCP, MTU can
range from 68 to 1500 bytes. Larger MTUs provide for lower overhead (fewer
headers).
MS
Mobile Station. The equipment used by the end user to access the WiMAX network.
NAP
Network Access Provider. A NAP is a business entity that provides WiMAX radio
access infrastructure to one or more Network Service Providers (NSPs). An NAP
implements this infrastructure using one or more ASNs.
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Glossary
NMS
Network Management System. A system responsible for managing at least part of a
network. An NMS is generally a reasonably powerful and well-equipped computer,
such as an engineering workstation. NMSs communicate with agents to help keep
track of network statistics and resources.
NSP
Network Service Provider. An NSP is a business entity that provides IP connectivity
and WiMAX services to WiMAX subscribers compliant with the established service
level agreement. The NSP concept is an extension of the Internet service provider
(ISP) concept, providing network services beyond Internet access. To provide these
services, an NSP establishes contractual agreements with one or more NAPs. An
NSP may also establish roaming agreements with other NSPs and contractual
agreements with third-party application providers (e.g. ASP, ISP) for the delivery of
WiMAX services to subscribers. From a WiMAX subscriber standpoint, an NSP may
be classified as a home or visited NSP.
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: A method for multiplexing signals,
which divides the available bandwidth into a series of frequencies known as tones.
Orthogonal tones do not interfere with each other when the peak of one tone
corresponds with the null. The rapid switching, frequency-hopping technique is
intended to allow more robust data service.
OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access. It’s a logical extension of OFDM
and a modulation/multiple access technique. OFDMA divides a signal into
sub-channels (i.e. groups of carriers), with each sub-channel (or several
sub-channels) being allocated to a different subscriber.
PER
Packet Error Rate. In a digital transmission, PER is the percentage of packets with
errors divided by the total number of packets that have been transmitted, received or
processed over a given time period.
PHY
PHYsical Layer. The physical, or lowest, layer of the OSI Network Model. In a
wireless network, the PHY defines parameters such as data rates, modulation
method, signaling parameters, transmitter/receiver synchronization, etc. Within an
actual radio implementation, the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and
baseband signal processing sections.
PS
Power Supply
QoS
Quality of Service. Measure of performance for a transmission system that reflects
its transmission quality and service availability.
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. A data transfer technique used in coaxial cable
networks that sends data using modulating signals. Four different phases represent
data, with each signal's information determined by the signal before it. For example,
if a phase stays the same from one signal to the other, the information has not
changed.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, an authentication and accounting
system used by many Internet Service Providers (ISPs). When you connect to the
system you must enter your username and password. This information is passed to
a RADIUS server, which checks that the information is correct, and then authorizes
access to the system.
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RF
Radio frequency. An AC signal of high enough frequency to be used for wireless
communications.
RFC
Request For Comments. The name of the result and the process for creating a
standard on the Internet. New standards are proposed and published on the Internet,
as a Request For Comments. The proposal is reviewed by the Internet Engineering
Task Force.
RoHS
Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic
equipment, reference EC Directive 2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003.
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator. A signal or circuit that indicates the strength of
the incoming (received) signal in a receiver.
Rx
Receive
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. A network management protocol that
provides a means to monitor and control network devices, and to manage
configurations, statistics collection, performance, and security. SNMP works by
sending messages, called protocol data units (PDUs), to different parts of a network.
SNMP-compliant devices, called agents, store data about themselves in
Management Information Bases (MIBs) and return this data to the SNMP
requesters.
SSH
Secure Shell is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services
over an insecure network.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol. Connection-oriented transport layer protocol that
provides reliable full-duplex data transmission. TCP is the part of the TCP/IP suite of
protocols that is responsible for forming data connections between nodes that are
reliable, as opposed to IP, which is connectionless and unreliable.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol. Simplified version of FTP that allows files to be
transferred from one computer to another over a network, usually without the use of
client authentication.
Tx
Transmit
Abbreviation for "Unit" or standard height measurement which defines the vertical
height for plug-in modules in the 19” construction system. One U equals 44.5 mm.
UCD
Uplink Channel Descriptor.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. Connectionless transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP
protocol stack. UDP is a simple protocol that exchanges datagrams without
acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery, requiring that error processing and
retransmission be handled by other protocols. UDP is defined in RFC 768.
UL
Up Link
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network. A group of devices on one or more LANs that are
configured with the same VLAN ID so that they can communicate as if they were
attached to the same wire, when in fact they are located on a number of different
LAN segments. Used also to create separation between different user groups.
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Glossary
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol. Provides an advanced digital communications network
that bypasses the traditional public switched telephone system and uses the Internet
to transmit voice communication. VoIP enables people to use the Internet as the
transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP
rather than by traditional circuit switched transmissions of the PSTN.
WCS
Wireless Communications Service is defined by the Federal Communications
Commission as radio communications that may provide fixed, mobile, radio location,
or satellite communication services to individuals and businesses within their
assigned spectrum block and geographical area. The WCS is in the 2.3 GHz band
from 2,305 to 2,320 MHz and 2,345 to 2,360 MHz..
WEEE
Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment. The purpose of Directive 2002/96/EC on
waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is, as a first priority, the
prevention of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and in addition, the
reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce the
disposal of waste. It also seeks to improve the environmental performance of all
operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment, e.g.
producers, distributors and consumers and in particular those operators directly
involved in the treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi (short for wireless fidelity and pronounced 'why-fye') is a term for certain types
of wireless local area network that use specifications in the IEEE 802.11 family. The
term Wi-Fi was created by an organization called the Wi-Fi Alliance, which oversees
tests that certify product interoperability.
WiMAX
WiMAX is an acronym that stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access. WiMAX is a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile
wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. WiMAX provides
fixed, nomadic, portable, and mobile wireless broadband connectivity without the
need for direct line-of-sight to a base station.
XML
Extensible Markup Language. Language used for defining a set of markers, called
tags, that define the function and hierarchical relationships of the parts of a
document or data set. It is a flexible way to create common information formats and
share both the format and the data, most commonly on the web. It generally similar
to HTML and helps share information in a consistent way. XML is "extensible"
because, unlike HTML, the markup symbols are unlimited and self-defining.
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