Aperto Networks BR1000-A1 PacketWave 1000 Series MMDS Base Station User Manual PacketWave 1000 Manual Rev A July 2001

Aperto Networks PacketWave 1000 Series MMDS Base Station PacketWave 1000 Manual Rev A July 2001

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PACKETWAVEFixed Broadband Wireless Access SystemPACKETWAVE 1000 SERIESBASE STATION EQUIPMENTInstallation, Configuration, and Operation Manual070-20000340-01Rev. A, August, 2001
PacketWave 1000 Manual©Copyright 2001 by Aperto NetworksAll rights reserved.Specifications subject to change.Aperto, PacketWave, WaveCenter, RapidBurst, OptimaLink, and ServiceQ are trademarks of Aperto Networks.All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.Aperto Networks1637 South Main StreetMilpitas, CA 95035 USAPhone: 408.719.9977Fax: 408.719.9970www.apertonet.com
iii070-20000330-01REGULATORY INFORMATIONPART 15This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two con-ditions:1) this device may not cause harmful electromagnetic interference, and2) this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undes-ired operations.FCC NOTICE: Radio and Television InterferenceThe PacketWave 100 Series Subscriber Equipment has been tested and found to comply with the lim-its for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed toprovide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipmentgenerates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to theinstructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guaranteethat interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful inter-ference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the useris encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: •Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.•Increase the separation between the equipment or device.•Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver's.•Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance.RF Exposure NoticeThe installer shall mount all transmit antennas so as to comply with the limits for human exposure toradio frequency (RF) fields per paragraph 1.1307 of FCC regulations. The FCC requirements incor-porate limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) in terms of electric field strength, magneticfield strength, and power density.CAUTION (5.8 GHz UNII)To comply with FCC RF exposure requirements, antennas used for this device must be installed toprovide a separation distance of at least 1.5m from all persons.CAUTION (2.5 GHz MMDS)To comply with FCC RF exposure requirements in section 1.1307, a minimum separation distance of20 cm. is required between this antenna and all persons.
v070-20000340-01 Rev ATABLE OFCONTENTSTable of ContentsPREFACEScope of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixConventions Used in This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xIntended Audience for this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xGeneral Cautions and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiCHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDEPlanning, Site Preparation, and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2Installing and Starting Base Station Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5Installing and Starting Subscriber Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWConceptual Overview of the PacketWave System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1Cell Size, Capacity, and Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Multiple Frequency Bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3IP-Based System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4Range of Backhaul Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4Subscriber and Network Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4Technological Innovations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5RapidBurst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5OptimaLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5ServiceQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Base Station (Cell Site) Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6Base Station Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6Multiple Base Station Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7Base Station Radios and Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7Subscriber Site Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8The PacketWave System’s IP Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Address Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Clustering Wireless Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13SU-to-SU Bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Multiple Subnets on a Wireless Subsystem (WSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Variable-Length Subnets (VLSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
vi070-20000340-01 Rev ATABLE OF CONTENTSDHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16TFTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16SNTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17DNS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17SMTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17System Log Server (Syslog) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17SNMP Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17Configuration and Management Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19WaveCenter Configuration Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19Web-Based GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20SNMP Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20Service Offerings and QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21Concepts of PacketWave Service Level Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21Assigning Service Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21CHAPTER 3. SYSTEM PLANNINGCell Site Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Subscriber Site Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4IP Planning: Addressing and Subnetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Configuration Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Service Level Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6CHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITSMounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Front-Panel Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Connecting the Radios to the BSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Connecting the Backhaul Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Interconnecting Multiple BSUs at a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4Connecting an External Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6Connecting to the Alarm/Control Relay Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7Connecting to the RS-232 Craft Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8Connecting Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8AC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10CHAPTER 5. INSTALLING RADIOS AND ANTENNASInstalling the Antenna Mounting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1Mounting the Antennas and Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Running the Radio Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Radio to Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Radio to Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Radio Signal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5Control Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6DC Voltage Insertion for Extra-Long Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
vii070-20000340-01 Rev ATABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 6. BSU AND SUBSCRIBERCONFIGURATIONInstalling the WaveCenter Configuration Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1How the WaveCenter Configuration Manager Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3BSU and Subscriber Branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Configuration Screen Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4Managing Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Opening and Loading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Saving Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Downloading Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7Using the WaveCenter Configuration Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8Base Station Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9Configuring Wireless Subsystems (WSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10Frame Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11Channel Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12Radio Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14Multiple Subnet Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14CD Packet Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14Preamble Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14Configuring the Main Base Station Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17General Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17Server IP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19Bridging/Clustering Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19Configuring SNMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19Configuring Email Alert Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23Subscriber Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24Configuring Subscriber System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25Configuring Subscriber SNMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26Configuring Packet Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27Configuring Service Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28Configuring Service Flow Classifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32Configuring Routing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35Configuring Subscriber Email Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36Configuring NAT Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37Configuring the Subscriber Indoor Unit’s DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38Other Configuration Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39CHAPTER 7. NETWORK CONFIGURATIONAND START-UPServers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1Required and Recommended Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2Optional Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3Preparing the TFTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4Configuring the DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4System Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5Adding Base Station Units and/or Subscribers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5Other Configuration Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
ix070-20000340-01 Rev APREFACEThis manual is part of the documentation for the PacketWave fixed broadbandwireless system for delivering high-speed subscriber services. The PacketWavedocumentation set includes:•PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unit Installation, Configuration, and OperationManual: part number 070-20000340-0x•PacketWave 100 Series Subscriber Equipment Installation and Operation Man-ual: part number 070-20000330-0xSCOPE OF THIS MANUALThis manual documents Release 1, Phase 1 (R1P1) of the PacketWave SystemThis manual provides the following information:•A QuickStart section for rapidly placing a PacketWave System in operation.•A conceptual overview of the PacketWave System.•Descriptions of the PacketWave hardware components, including base stationand subscriber equipment.•Descriptions of the PacketWave software components, including configurationprograms, management interfaces, installation utilities, and monitoring/diag-nostic functions.•System and site planning information.•Complete installation instructions for base station equipment.•System configuration, management, and diagnostic procedures.Installation and operating instructions for subscriber equipment (CPE) are provided inthe PacketWave 100 Series Subscriber Equipment Installation and Operation manual.
PREFACEx070-20000340-01 Rev ACONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUALPacketWave manuals represent special kinds of text as follows:•Files names and URLs are represented in italics, with variables described insideangle brackets. For example, if the URL http://<IP address>/bsu.htm is refer-enced, you will replace the variable <IP address> with the appropriate real IPaddress.•Management interface text is represented by a bold font: for example, theGenerate Config File button.•Labels on equipment are represented in a bold sans serif font: for example, theControl connector.WARNING: This format is used to indicate the possibility of personal injuryor serious damage to equipment.CAUTION: This format is used to indicate the possibility of system or equip-ment operation problems.Items of special importance will be formatted and marked by a pointing-handicon, as this paragraph is.INTENDED AUDIENCE FOR THIS MANUALThis manual is intended for system designers and planners, base station installers,system operators, and others requiring or desiring information about the PacketWaveSystem. It provides information specific to the PacketWave system, but cannot andshould not be considered a tutorial on relevant technologies and practices.It is expected that system designers and planners are knowledgeable about radiocommunications, cellular communication systems, and IP networks. Tutorials onthese subjects are beyond the scope of this manual, and are readily available in pub-lished and on-line materials.Installation of radio equipment involves numerous factors, such as lightning andweather protection, requiring considerable expertise. It is assumed that equipmentinstallers are professionals with knowledge of the principles and standard practicesand procedures of cell site installation, with all relevant safety requirements, and withapplicable local building codes.
xi070-20000340-01 Rev APREFACEGENERAL CAUTIONS AND WARNINGSObserve the following when installing or operating any PacketWave System compo-nents.All installation, including equipment mounting and cabling, should be performedby trained microwave radio technicians familiar with usual and customarypractices and procedures.Always use quality components—including cables, connectors, mounts, etc.—spe-cifically rated for your particular environmental conditions and systemperformance requirements.Always use appropriate tools, and follow the instructions of the toolmanufacturers.Observe all applicable local building codes.Observe all customary and mandatory safety requirements when installing andoperating PacketWave equipment.Because Aperto cannot be responsible for improper installation or use of its equip-ment, failure to follow these and other published cautions and warnings may void yourequipment warranty.
PREFACExii070-20000340-01 Rev A
1–1070-20000340-01 Rev A1QUICKSTART GUIDEThis chapter outlines the basic procedure for installing a PacketWave System and put-ting it into operation. It identifies the minimal requirements for getting the system upand running.WARNING: This QuickStart Guide assumes that installation procedures willbe performed by qualified professionals following all safety andother requirements and acting in accordance with standard prac-tices and procedures. Failure to meet safety requirements and/ornon-standard practices and procedures could result in personalinjury and/or damage to equipment.All of the instructions presented in this chapter are discussed in more detail in subse-quent chapters of this manual and in the PacketWave 100 Series Subscriber Equip-ment Installation and Operation manual.
CHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDE1–2070-20000340-01 Rev APLANNING, SITE PREPARATION, AND CONFIGURATIONBefore you begin installing the PacketWave equipment, make sure you properly planthe overall system and individual sites.Step 1. Determine and Prepare LocationsA. Make sure that the base station is located such that it can communicate with sub-scribers.•Cell sector width may be 60º or 90º, depending on the antenna chosen.•Distance between base station and subscriber site may be up to 5 miles for line-of-sight or near-line-of sight communications, or up to 1 mile for non-line-of-site communications.B. Make sure that the base station site includes a proper mounting structure for theradios and antennas, and an indoor location for the Base Station Unit. Maximumcable length is 165 feet (50 m) without dc insertion from an external source.C. Make sure all subscriber sites have an appropriate radio/antenna support ormounting location. Maximum cable length between subscriber Indoor Units(bridge/routers) and Outdoor Units (radio/antennas) is 165 feet (50 m) without dcinsertion from an external source.Step 2. Define IP NetworkingA. Each cell sector is served by a separate wireless subsystem (WSS) in the BaseStation Unit. The WSS wireless interface will be the gateway for all subscribersit serves, which typically define a single subnet. Determine the WSS interface(gateway) address based on the available IP address space and desired subnetting.NOTE: The PacketWave System supports VLSM.B. The Base Station Unit requires a DHCP server from which it and subscribersreceives IP addresses and other basic configuration information, and a TFTPserver from which they download configuration files. i. The DHCP server, or a DHCP relay agent pointing to it, must be on thesame subnet as the BSU’s backhaul interface for the BSU to locate theDHCP server. ii. The address of the TFTP server is provided by the DHCP server, so may beany reachable IP address.C. If SNTP (time), SMTP (mail), SNMP, and/or Syslog servers are to be imple-mented, their IP addresses will be required during BSU configuration.
1–3070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDEStep 3. Create BSU Configuration File(s)A. Load and run the WaveCenter Configuration Manager program (provided on CD).NOTE: The program can be run on the TFTP server or another computer from whichthe files can be downloaded to the TFTP server. The Configuration Manager runs onWindows 98, NT, or 2000 Professional; Linux; or Sun Solaris.B. From the opening screen, click on the BSU icon to open the BSU ConfigurationManager. For WSS 1:i. Go to the WSS — Multiple Subnets menu and specify the WSS IPAddress and WSS Subnet Mask (mandatory).NOTE: If multiple subnets are to be implemented for the WSS, click on the newinstance icon and repeat the step above until all subnets are defined.ii. Go to the WSS — Channel menu and specify the Channel CenterFrequency (mandatory).iii. If desired, configure any optional WSS parameters as described in Chapter6 of this manual.iv. Save the configuration by clicking the Generate WSS Config button andfollowing the prompts.v. For an additional WSS, click on the new instance icon on the WSS — Mul-tiple Subnets menu, which will increment the WSS number (Host ID).Then return to step i above. When all WSS are configured, proceed to thestep C.C. Go to the MAIN — General menu and specify the Base Station Unit’s MACAddress.D. If desired, configure any optional BSU parameters (MAIN, SNMP, andALERTS menus) as described in Chapter 6 of this manual.E. When all configuration has been completed, generate the BSU configuration fileby clicking on the Generate BSU Config button and following the prompts. Savethe config file with a name uniquely linking it to the BSU; Aperto recommendsthe default format bsc_<MACaddress>.cfg.F. Close the BSU Configuration Manager. If there are additional BSUs to configure,return to step B.
CHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDE1–4070-20000340-01 Rev AStep 4. Create Subscriber Configuration FilesA. From the WaveCenter Configuration Manager’s opening screen, click on thesubscriber Indoor Unit icon to open the subscriber (CPE) Configuration Manageroption.i. Go to the System menu and specify the MAC address, CPE Mode andCPE Model (mandatory).ii. If the CPE Mode is NAT, you may go to the NAT menu and configure asdesired. However, the defaults will work for basic operation.iii. If the CPE Mode is Router, you may go to the Router menu and configureas desired. However, the defaults will work for basic operation. (Standardrouting is not supported in R1P1.)B. If desired, configure any other optional subscriber parameters as described inChapter 6 of this manual.C. When all configuration has been completed, generate the subscriber configurationfile by clicking on the Generate Configuration File button and following theprompts. Save the config file with a name uniquely linking it to the subscriberIndoor Unit; Aperto recommends the default format cpe_<MACaddress>.cfg.D. Close the CPE Configuration Manager. If there are additional subscribers toconfigure, return to step A.Step 5. Configure the TFTP and DHCP ServersA. Download all BSU and subscriber configuration files to the default TFTP direc-tory on the TFTP server.B. Configure the DHCP server for the following:•IP address and subnet mask for TFTP server, and for other servers as desired.•Range(s) of assignable addresses, with subnet masks and gateway addresses.•BSU MAC address and the name of the corresponding configuration file to befound on the TFTP server.•For each subscriber Indoor Unit, its MAC address and the name of the corre-sponding configuration file to be found on the TFTP server.NOTE: If desired, different DHCP servers can be defined for the BSU and for sub-scribers.C. Make sure that the DHCP and TFTP servers are running.
1–5070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDEINSTALLING AND STARTING BASE STATION EQUIPMENTThe steps in this section outline the physical installation of the base station equipment.(See Chapters 4 and 5 of this manual for details.)Step 6. Install Base Station Radios and AntennasA. Mount the PacketWave radios and antennas on the antenna mast or other supportstructure using the mounting brackets supplied, or other brackets as required bythe support structure. Observe minimum distances between antennas and maxi-mum radio-to-antenna distances.B. Connect the radio’s RF jumper cables to the appropriate connectors on theantenna.C. Install radio signal and control cables between each radio and the Base StationUnit location. Label the cable ends to prevent misconnections.-Radio signal cable (RG6, 75 ohm, quad shield coaxial, male F connectors)-Radio control cable (shielded outdoor Cat 5, male RJ45 connectors)The Radio Control interface on the Base Station has the same physical appearanceas the 10/100Base-T interface. Make sure you connect to the right one.Step 7. Install the Base Station UnitA. Mount the Base Station Unit in an equipment rack, allowing for adequate air flowaround and through the unit.B. Connect the radio signal and control cables from the outdoor radios to the properports on the BSU front panel.NOTE: No other connections to the front panel are necessary for a site with a singleBSU. See Chapter 4 for discussions of optional connections and/or multiple BSUs.C. Connect 120 V ac or -48 V dc to the rear panel connector, as appropriate.Connecting power will cause the Base Station Unit to boot up, locate the DHCPserver and obtain basic configuration information from it, then download its fullconfiguration file from the TFTP server.NOTE: If power is connected before the DHCP server is configured and the BSU’sconfiguration file is available in the TFTP server, or if either of the servers isunreachable, the BSU will power up in standby mode. It will need to be rebootedwhen the servers are fully configured and reachable.
CHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDE1–6070-20000340-01 Rev AAfter the first successful loading of the BSU configuration file from the TFTP server,the configuration will be stored in nonvolatile memory on the BSU. Thus, if the BSUis rebooted when the TFTP server is unreachable, the BSU will operate with its exist-ing configuration rather than going into standby mode.INSTALLING AND STARTING SUBSCRIBER EQUIPMENTThe steps in this section outline the physical installation and initialization of equip-ment at the subscriber site. See the PacketWave 100 Series Subscriber EquipmentInstallation and Operation manual for details.Step 8. Prepare for InstallationA. Before visiting the subscriber’s site:i. Make sure that the necessary system configuration has taken place, asdescribed in the PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unit Installation, Configu-ration, and Operation manual.ii. Make sure that the DHCP and TFTP servers are running.iii. Verify that the subscriber configuration file has been created and saved onthe TFTP server.iv. Verify that the DHCP server has been configured with the subscriber’s IPand MAC addresses and its configuration file name.B. At the subscriber’s site:i. Identify the location for the Indoor Unit (bridge/router).ii. Identify an appropriate location for mounting the Outdoor Unit, where it canbe pointed at the base station with the least possible obstructioniii. Determine the cable path between the Indoor Unit and the Outdoor Unit.Maximum cable length is 165 feet (50 m).Step 9. Install the Outdoor Unit (Radio/Antenna)A. If a mounting pole or other support is to be employed, install it in the chosen loca-tion, following standard procedures and local building codes.The Outdoor Unit’s mounting bracket accommodates diameters of 1.5 inches, 2inches, or 5 cm.B. Mount the Outdoor Unit to the support or to the building.
1–7070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDEStep 10. Install the Indoor Unit (Bridge/Router)A. To start, in most cases, the Indoor Unit should be temporarily placed close to theOutdoor Unit to facilitate antenna alignment process. When the installation of the-Outdoor Unit is complete, move the Indoor Unit to its permanent location.Make sure the Indoor Unit is located near an electrical power outlet or powerextension cord will be needed.WARNING: For proper cooling, the Indoor Unit must be installed in theupright position, with adequate air flow around and through it.B. Assuming that the Indoor Unit is located at a temporary location, run spare radiosignal and control cables between the Outdoor and Indoor Units.-Radio signal cable (quad shield coaxial, male F connectors) — Radio RFconnectors on the Outdoor and Indoor Units.-Radio control cable (shielded outdoor Cat 5, male RJ45 connectors) —Radio Control connectors on the Outdoor and Indoor Units.The Radio Control interface on the Indoor Unit has the same physical appearanceas the 10/100Base-T interface. Make sure you connect to the right one.Step 11. Initialize the Subscriber EquipmentA. Connect the power module between the Indoor Unit and a wall outlet.B. Perform antenna alignment procedure (see the PacketWave 100 Subscriber Equip-ment manual, or the addendum on this subject).C. If the Indoor Unit is located at a temporary location, move the Indoor Unit to itspermanent location. WARNING: For proper cooling, the Indoor Unit must be installed in theupright position, with adequate air flow around and through it.D. Use the permanent radio signal and control cables to connect the Outdoor Unit tothe Indoor Unit.-Radio signal cable (RG6, 75 ohm, quad shield coaxial, male F connectors)— between Radio RF connectors on the Outdoor and Indoor Units.-Radio control cable (shielded outdoor Cat 5, male RJ45 connectors) —between Radio Control connectors on the Outdoor and Indoor Units.
CHAPTER 1. QUICKSTART GUIDE1–8070-20000340-01 Rev AStep 12. Configure Subscriber HostsA. Connect the subscriber’s computer(s) to the 10/100Base-T interface on the IndoorUnit, using a straight Ethernet cable for connection to a hub or a crossover Ether-net cable for connection directly to a computer.B. Typically, the only other thing necessary to connect a subscriber host computerto the PacketWave network and beyond is to configure the host’s TCP/IP to obtainits IP address using DHCP. Instructions should be available using the computer’sonline help
2–1070-20000340-01 Rev A2PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWThis chapter provides a description of the PacketWave Broadband Multiservice Wire-less Access System, including system architecture, functionality, features, benefits,and hardware and software components.CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF THE PACKETWAVE SYSTEMAperto Networks’ PacketWave System is a next-generation fixed broadband wirelessaccess solution that dramatically increases capacity and coverage while reducingdeployment cost and time to market. It is a cellular system consisting of the
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–2070-20000340-01 Rev AFigure2-1 PacketWave System Elements
2–3070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWCell Size, Capacity, and ScalabilityAperto’s advanced wireless technologies support a wide range of cell requirements,and make PacketWave an exceptionally scalable solution. PacketWave cell specifica-tions include:•Cell radius can easily reach 5 miles (8 km) with line-of-site transmission paths,or about 1 mile (1.6 km) with obstructed paths.•Each Base Station Unit can support up to 250 subscribers per sector, with amaximum of six sectors.•A cell can employ multiple Base Station Units. Thus, a single cell can servethousands of subscribers.•The bandwidth capacity for a Base Station Unit is 120 Mbps, based on a max-imum raw bit rate of 20 Mbps per sector.•Subscriber data rates can be individually configured from 384 kbps to 10 Mbps;with bursts to 20 Mbps.•The ratio of downstream to upstream traffic can be adjusted between 90%downstream/10% upstream and 90% upstream/10% downstream.The PacketWave System ensures that a wireless network can grow to thousands ofsubscribers in urban or suburban areas through high frequency reuse and densemulticell deployment. Combining high frequency reuse with advanced interferencemanagement and mitigation techniques, the PacketWave System conserves valuablespectrum by covering extensive geographical areas with a minimum number ofchannels.As the number of subscribers and the bandwidth needs in a cell increase, new sectorscan be added, and multiple PacketWave 1000 Base Station Units can be stacked toprovide additional bandwidth using multiple channels per sector. To extend serviceofferings geographically, a service provider simply deploys additional cells. Multiple Frequency BandsThe PacketWave System can be deployed in the standard frequency bands used vari-ously throughout the world for licensed or unlicensed wireless broadband networking.The PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unit can support PacketWave radios and antennasoperating in 2.5 GHz MMDS, 3.5 GHz FWA, 5.3 GHz, and 5.8 GHz U-NII bandswith no physical or software reconfiguration. Similarly, any PacketWave 100 SeriesSubscriber Indoor Unit (bridge/router) can support the same range of frequency bands.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–4070-20000340-01 Rev AIP-Based SystemThe PacketWave System leads the industry in the implementation of advanced IP fea-tures and services. Packet filtering, DHCP snooping, and ARP snooping conservebandwidth for subscriber traffic. Support for IP RIP routing, multiple subnets per sec-tor, Variable-Length Subnet Mask (VLSM), and Classless Internet Domain Routing(CIDR) ensure complete control of IP address management and network configura-tion. PacketWave Series 100 Subscriber Indoor Units support bridging, IP routing,and NAT for flexible deployment.Because the PacketWave System is based on IP end-to-end and IP networking skillsand resources are relatively common, the PacketWave solution helps service providersto control costs, expand service options, expedite configuration, simplify connectionto the Internet, and minimize time to market. The ubiquity of IP also allows nativesupport for value-added Internet applications such as VPN, web hosting, and video-conferencing. Range of Backhaul OptionsThe PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unit offers both flexible and cost-effective solu-tions to connect to backhaul networks. In its basic configuration, PacketWave 1000supports 10/100 Mbps Ethernet. This enables the PacketWave 1000 to connectdirectly to an Ethernet-based MAN or, through an external router, to a variety ofbroadband network technologies. Through future plug-in modules, other backhauloptions, such as ATM, will be directly supported. In addition, external optical or high-capacity wireless backhaul such as millimeter wave technology can be implemented.Where other backhaul options are not available, one of the Base Station Unit’s wire-less channels can provide a link to a backhaul network.Whatever the backhaul option, quality of service (QoS) is maintained throughout thenetwork using either IP Differentiated Services (DiffServ), ATM Service Categories,or MPLS.Subscriber and Network ManagementThe PacketWave System simplifies subscriber and network management by usingGUI-based tools, standard protocols, and industry-standard platforms. One of thesetools is the highly-scalable, Java-based WaveCenter™ Configuration Manager, whichautomates the subscriber provisioning process. In addition to the WaveCenterConfiguration Manager, the PacketWave System also includes Web-based andSNMP-compliant network management software for configuration, fault, perfor-mance, and security management.
2–5070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWTechnological InnovationsAt the heart of PacketWave's revolutionary performance are three innovative ApertoNetworks technologies: RapidBurst™, OptimaLink™, and ServiceQ™.RapidBurstRapidBurst technology enables the PacketWave System to achieve exceptionally lowlatency and high spectral efficiency. Advanced Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) burst mode ensures maximum flexibility and efficiency in both upstreamand downstream transmissions. Adaptive Time Division Duplexing (TDD) allowsoperation in a single channel anywhere in the spectrum. Dynamic bandwidth alloca-tion assigns time slots and packet sizes depending on specific traffic flows. WithRapidBurst, the PacketWave System provides up to 120 Mbps of bandwidth per cellwith one base station.OptimaLinkOptimaLink technology individually optimizes the reliability and throughput of eachSubscriber wireless channel by dynamically adjusting up to ten PHY- and MAC-layerparameters. The result is increased coverage, extending broadband services tosubscribers who would otherwise be unreachable due to obstructed-line-of-sight ornon-line-of-sight conditions.ServiceQServiceQ technology provides different quality of service (QoS) levels to subscriberson a flow-by-flow basis enabling differentiated service offerings and effective man-agement of service level agreements (SLAs). Various service levels can be defined inthree service classes—Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Committed Information Rate (CIR),and Best Effort (BE). The percentage of bandwidth allocated to each service class isadjustable depending on the mix of service offerings.ServiceQ supports high-quality video and telephony applications. Each service flowcan be associated with a specific host or application and can be assigned to any serviceclass, so application-specific services with QoS can be offered.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–6070-20000340-01 Rev ABASE STATION (CELL SITE) EQUIPMENTPacketWave base station equipment includes the PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unitand associated radios and antennas.Base Station UnitThe PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unit, shown in Figure2-2, is a single rack-mounting controller unit which supports any of the PacketWave System radio andbackhaul options. There are two models, one with an ac power supply and one witha dc power supply.Figure2-2 PacketWave 1000 Base Station UnitIn the basic configuration pictured, the PacketWave 1000 includes:•Four built-in wireless interfaces for connection to radios and their associatedantennas.•A 10/100Base-TX Ethernet backhaul interface.•Synchronization interfaces for multiple colocated Base Station Units.•A local RS-232 craft management port.•An external clock interface.•A dry-contact relay which can be configured to operate a local alarm device orto control redundant equipment such as a backup radio and antenna.
2–7070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW•Two slots for plug-in modules.-One slot will support a dual wireless interface unit, allowing a total of sixwireless interfaces in the Base Station Unit.-The second slot will support an alternative backhaul interface. Modules sup-porting additional backhaul options, including ATM, are under development.Multiple Base Station UnitsSubscriber density and bandwidth requirements may combine to exceed the capacityof a single Base Station Unit. Part of the scalability built into the PacketWave Systemis the ability to colocate and link multiple Base Station Units at a cell site. Throughthe use of different center frequencies within the system’s frequency band, sectors canbe overlaid within the cell to serve additional subscribers, providing a virtually unlim-ited growth path.To coordinate the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Time DivisionDuplexing (TDD) on which the PacketWave wireless communication is based, it isnecessary for all Base Station Units in a cell to be synchronized in terms of signalframing and time slot identification. Sync ports on the Base Station Unit allow allunits to share the same framing, with inputs for a main and alternate BSU to providethe framing signal.Base Station Radios and AntennasPacketWave base station radios and antennas deliver the benefits of a single-source,thoroughly-tested base station package.Radios and antennas are available for the following frequency bands:•2.5 GHz MMDS•3.5 GHz FWA•5.3 GHz U-NII•5.8 GHz U-NIIThere are also different antenna models available for 60° and 90° sectors.Radios and antennas are designed for mounting outdoors on tubular antenna masts orsimilar supports. Details are provided in Chapter 5.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–8070-20000340-01 Rev ASUBSCRIBER SITE EQUIPMENTPacketWave equipment installed at the subscriber site consists of an subscriber IndoorUnit (a bridge/router between the wireless subnet and the subscriber’s computer orLAN), and an outdoor integrated radio/antenna unit. The two units are illustrated inFigure2-3.There are four models of radios, for support of different frequency bands: •2.5 GHz MMDS•3.5 GHz FWA•5.3 GHz U-NII•5.8 GHz U-NIIRadio/antenna units vary in size, depending on the frequency band. Each subscriberIndoor Unit can support any of the integrated radio/antenna units. (Of course, theradio’s frequency band must match that employed at the base station.)The radio/antenna unit is usually installed on the subscriber’s roof or under the eave,mounted either on a pole or to a flat surface. It is also possible to mount a radio/antenna unit in a window if a suitable transmission path is available.
2–9070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWThere are three models of the Indoor Unit: the PacketWave 110, 120, and 130. R1P1supports only the PacketWave 130, which can function as either a bridge or a NATrouter as illustrated in Figure2-4.Figure2-4 PacketWave 100 Series Subscriber Indoor UnitsBridging ModeNAT Router Mode
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–10070-20000340-01 Rev ATHE PACKETWAVE SYSTEM’S IP NETWORKThe PacketWave System uses IP for the backhaul channel and the wireless channels.Overall, the system has the following network architecture, as shown in Figure2-5.•The Base Station Unit’s backhaul channel is part of a subnet which includes:-A gateway to the outside world (Internet or private network).-Access to a DHCP server (either the DHCP server or a DHCP relay agentmust be on the same subnet as the BSU’s backhaul interface).-Access to a TFTP server identified by the DHCP server.•Each wireless interface is the gateway for a subnet comprising itself and thesubscriber Indoor Units with which it communicates, and perhaps some or allof the hosts at the subscriber sites.NOTE: A wireless interface can be configured for multiple subnets, if desired. Also,two or more wireless interfaces can be “clustered” in the same subnet. These optionsare discussed in detail later in this section.•Subnets may be implemented at subscriber sites. Figure2-6 shows variousoptions.
2–11070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWFigure2-5 PacketWave System IP Architecture
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–12070-20000340-01 Rev AFigure2-6 PacketWave Subscriber Indoor Unit and Host IP Addressing
2–13070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWAddress AssignmentThe PacketWave System supports DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),which manages IP address assignment for most interfaces in the PacketWave network. In the configuration of the DHCP server, the PacketWave System IP addressesmust be fixed—i.e., reserved for the specific units; they cannot be dynamicallyassigned.Specifically, PacketWave System IP addresses are distributed as follows:•The Base Station Unit receives the IP address of its backhaul interface from theDHCP server for its subnet.•The Base Station Unit’s wireless interfaces (WSS) are assigned IP addresses aspart of the BSU configuration (using the WaveCenter Configuration Manager).•Subscriber Indoor Units receive the IP addresses of their wireless interfacesfrom the DHCP server, via a DHCP relay agent in the Base Station Unit.•Subscriber hosts can receive IP addresses in a variety of ways (see Figure2-6):-From the BSU’s DHCP server, via DHCP relay agents in the subscriberIndoor Unit and the Base Station Unit.-From a DHCP server included in the subscriber Indoor Unit.-From a DHCP server on the subscriber’s subnet.-Using NAT (Network Address Translation), provided by the PacketWaveSubscriber Indoor Unit or by a NAT router on the subscriber’s subnet.-By manual entry at the hosts.Clustering Wireless InterfacesTo enhance flexibility in the use of a particular IP address space, the PacketWave1000 Base Station Unit allows multiple wireless interfaces to be assigned to the samesubnet. This is done during BSU configuration using the WaveCenter ConfigurationManager.SU-to-SU BridgingTo make communication within the wireless subnets more efficient, the PacketWave1000 Base Station Unit supports bridging between subscribers on the same subnet.SU-to-SU bridging is enabled or disabled during BSU configuration using theWaveCenter Configuration Manager.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–14070-20000340-01 Rev AMultiple Subnets on a Wireless Subsystem (WSS)To enable one wireless interface to support subscribers for two or more service pro-viders, the PacketWave 1000 Base Station Unit allows multiple subnets to be assignedto the same wireless interface. This is done during BSU configuration using the Wave-Center Configuration Manager.Figure2-7 shows multiple subnets on a wireless interface. Note that when a sub-scriber Indoor Unit uses DHCP to request an address, neither the BSU (as DHCP relayagent) nor the DHCP server can determine from the request which subnet the SUshould be assigned to. Therefore, IP and MAC addresses for all subscriber IndoorUnits on the wireless system must be manually entered into the DHCP server.Figure2-7 Multiple Subnets on a WSS
2–15070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWVariable-Length Subnets (VLSM)The PacketWave System supports Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM). Theessential characteristic of VLSM is that any number of contiguous final bits in an IPaddress can define a subnet, meaning that subnets need not be limited to Class A, B,or C sizes. Using VLSM addressing techniques (such as recursive subnetting) cansimplify routing and allow more efficient use of IP address space.Figure2-8 shows an example of VLSM addressing in a PacketWave network. A fulldiscussion of VLSM is beyond the scope this manual, but detailed information can befound in numerous books and online sources.Figure2-8 VLSM on a PacketWave System
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–16070-20000340-01 Rev AServersEach Base Station Unit requires access to DHCP and TFTP servers to boot up prop-erly. Access to additional servers is required for the support of specific features.For additional information about PacketWave System servers, including the configu-ration of a DHCP server, see Chapter 7.DHCP ServerThe DHCP server assigns IP addresses to all of the PacketWave interfaces except theBase Station Unit’s wireless interfaces. It also tells each Base Station Unit and sub-scriber Indoor Unit the name of its configuration file, its default gateway, and theaddresses of other servers. Thus, the DHCP server is critical to the ability ofPacketWave Base Station Units and subscriber Indoor Units to communicate with therest of the Internet.Because DHCP is based on a broadcast request from a client, and the BaseStation Unit is a DHCP client, the DHCP server or a DHCP relay agent must belocated on the same subnet as the Base Station Unit’s backhaul interface.TFTP ServerFor the PacketWave System, the main function of the TFTP server is to store thesystem configuration files, and download them on request. Each Base Station Unit andsubscriber Indoor Unit requests its configuration file on hardware or software reboot(cold or warm start).Each Base Station Unit and subscriber Indoor Unit stores its configuration innon-volatile memory. When it reboots, it downloads the latest configuration fromthe TFTP server if it is able to, and then makes any changes to its configurationbased on a comparison of the downloaded configuration with the stored configu-ration. If the device cannot successfully download its configuration from theTFTP server, it operates with its stored configuration.The TFTP server is also used to distribute software updates to Base Station Units andsubscriber Indoor Units as follows:•The new software file is placed on the TFTP server.•The configuration file for each unit to be downloaded is modified to specify thenew software, and then re-saved on the TFTP server.•Each unit to be downloaded is rebooted. During reboot, a unit gets its new con-figuration file, learns that a new software file is specified, and downloads thesoftware from the TFTP server.
2–17070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWSNTP ServerThe Base Station Unit typically derives the time and date from an SNTP (SimpleNetwork Time Protocol) server identified by the DHCP server. The BSU includestime zone and daylight savings time parameters which it applies to the received timeand date as appropriate.NOTE: Alternatively, date and time can be set via the Web and SNMP interfaces.Subscriber Indoor Units use the BSU as their time server.DNS ServerThe DHCP server should identify an DNS server to be used in the resolution ofInternet domain names.SMTP ServerThe PacketWave Base Station Unit can use email to announce events. If this featureis to be used, an SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server must be specified.System Log Server (Syslog)If a Syslog server is identified either by the DHCP server or in the BSU configuration,the Base Station Unit will log all events to the specified server using the standardSyslog protocol.SNMP ManagerPacketWave Base Stations and subscriber Indoor Units include built-in SNMP (Sim-ple Network Management Protocol) agents. These agents can be accessed by SNMPmanagers as specified in the system configuration.NOTE: PacketWave SNMP agents use SNMP v.2 syntax for objects.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–18070-20000340-01 Rev AFigure2-9 PacketWave Servers and Management Access
2–19070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWCONFIGURATION AND MANAGEMENT SOFTWAREThe PacketWave System includes the WaveCenter Configuration Manager for devel-oping and maintaining the system’s configuration files. It also includes a browser-accessible Web GUI interface and an SNMP interface for real-time monitoring andmanagement, plus a basic ASCII command line interface (CLI) for debugging/troubleshooting.Figure2-9 shows the PacketWave System’s management access.Only configuration changes made using the WaveCenter Configuration Manageraffect the PacketWave System’s configuration data base. While some configura-tion can be performed via the Web and SNMP interfaces, these changes are lostif the configured equipment (Base Station or subscriber Indoor Unit) is rebooted.WaveCenter Configuration ManagerThe WaveCenter Configuration Manager (CM) is a Java-based application used toconfigure PacketWave base station and subscriber equipment. It runs on any of thefollowing platforms:•Windows 98•Windows NT•Windows 2000 Professional•Linux•Sun SolarisNOTE: The platform on which the WaveCenter Configuration Manager is run mustinclude the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). JRE is included on the WaveCenterdistribution CD.The Configuration Manager is used to create individual Base Station Unit andsubscriber configuration files. These files are then stored on the system’s TFTPserver, from which they are downloaded automatically by Base Station Units and sub-scriber Indoor Units as part of their boot-up processes.The PacketWave Configuration Manager has two parts: a Base Station Unit Config-uration Manager and a Subscriber (CPE) Configuration Manager. Each consists ofmultiple menus which in combination allow full configuration of the PacketWaveSystem components.A complete description of the Configuration Manager and its use is given in Chapter6 of this manual.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–20070-20000340-01 Rev AWeb-Based GUIFor real-time monitoring and limited configuration of the Base Station Unit and all ofits subscriber sites, the Base Station Unit supports a graphical user interface (GUI)accessible via the IP network using a standard browser (currently, Netscape 4.74 orInternet Explorer 5.0). The Web interface includes network views, performancegraphs, and event logs.Details of the Web interface are given in Chapter 8 of this manual.SNMP AgentsFor real-time monitoring and limited configuration, each Base Station Unit and sub-scriber Indoor Unit includes a built-in SNMP agent with trap support. (In R1P1, allSNMP parameters are read-only).More information about SNMP capability in Chapter 8 of this manual.Command Line InterfaceAn ASCII command line interface (CLI) provides a compact set of commands whichare intended primarily for system troubleshooting by Aperto personnel or otherqualified technicians. The CLI can be accessed via Telnet or directly through the BaseStation Unit’s front-panel RS-232 port.An overview of the CLI is given in Chapter 8 of this manual.
2–21070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEWSERVICE OFFERINGS AND QOSThe PacketWave System is designed to give service providers extreme freedom in thedefinition of multiple services and the specification of quality-of-service (QoS) levels.Before configuring individual subscribers, services and QoS parameters need to beidentified. Factors involved include:•Service Class, which may be:-Best Effort (BE)-Committed Information Rate (CIR)-Constant Bit Rate (CBR)•Type of Service (TOS)•Overall and peak bandwidthsConcepts of PacketWave Service Level DefinitionThe PacketWave quality-of-service (QoS) capability is based on sets of classifiers andservice flows, and links between the two, as shown in Figure2-10.•A classifier is one or more layer 2 and/or layer 3 parameters which will identifya particular traffic flow.•A service flow is a set of parameters which will determine the performancecharacteristics (QoS) of traffic assigned to that flow.When a classifier is defined, it is assigned to a specific service flow. Thus, any trafficmeeting the classifier specifications will be transmitted according to the performancecharacteristics of its assigned service flow.Assigning Service LevelsService levels are assigned in the individual SU configuration files, allowing for max-imum flexibility in differentiating service among subscribers.Details of service level specification are provided in Chapter 6.
CHAPTER 2. PACKETWAVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW2–22070-20000340-01 Rev AFigure2-10 PacketWave Service Levels
3–1070-20000340-01 Rev A3SYSTEM PLANNINGThis chapter summarizes issues related to the planning of a PacketWave System.CELL SITE CONSIDERATIONSThe planning of a wireless cell site is a complex task requiring the knowledge andskill of trained professionals. Location is of course a prime consideration, as are moretechnical factors such as interference management and lightning protection. Apertoexpects that the cell site will be carefully thought out and professionally developed,and that recognized procedures and codes will be faithfully observed.When planning a cell site, take into account the following characteristics of thePacketWave System:•Base Station Location — While line-of-sight paths are not required betweenPacketWave antennas at the base station and subscriber site, performance isimproved when transmission paths are unobstructed. Do whatever is practicalto minimize actual or potential transmission obstructions.•Antenna and Radio Issues — PacketWave base station antennas and radiosare typically mounted on an antenna mast or tower, and include mountingbrackets for attachment to tubular structures (pipes). If a mounting structurealready exists, you will need to determine its suitability to the physical andradio characteristics of the PacketWave components. If no mounting structureexists or the existing one is not suitable, you will need to determine what typeof mounting structure is appropriate, then obtain and install the structure. Youwill also need to determine the method by which antennas and radio will bemounted to the structure, and obtain appropriate hardware if the standard hard-ware included with the PacketWave components is not appropriate.
CHAPTER 3. SYSTEM PLANNING3–2070-20000340-01 Rev A•Base Station Enclosure — The PacketWave Base Station Units must belocated indoors, generally within 50 meters (165 feet) of the outdoor radios andantennas. (Greater cable lengths require insertion of dc from an externalsource.) Ensure that an adequate room or closet is available, that it meets theBase Station Unit environment specifications, and that sufficient power (120 or220 V ac, or -48 V dc) is available.•Capacity and Equipment Requirements — PacketWave System capacity—cell radius, sector and subscriber bandwidth, number of sectors, and number ofsubscribers per sector—is discussed in Chapter 2 and summarized in Table3-A.Use this information along with expected subscriber requirements to plan cellsize, sectors, and base station equipment.•Radio Frequency Band — Determine the frequency band in which the systemwill operate, and be sure that any required licences have been obtained. Makesure that all PacketWave radio receivers and antennas you order are for theproper frequency band.Table3-A PacketWave System CapacitiesParameter CapacityCell radius Up to 5 miles (8 km) with line-of-site transmission paths and typical configura-tion, or 1 mile (1.6 km) with obstructed paths. Where even wider coverage is needed, the system can be configured to cover a radius of up to approximately 30 miles (50,000 m).Sectors per BSU 1 to 6.Sector width 60° or 90°.Subscribers per sector Typically up to 250.Total bandwidth 20 Mbps per sector; 120 Mbps per BSU.Maximum bandwidth per sub-scriber Individually configured; from 384 kbps to 10 Mbps.Bursts to 20 Mbps.Upstream-to-downstream bandwidth ratio From 90% downstream and 10% upstream, to 90% upstream and 10% down-stream. streamTj108 0 TD5.1643 Tystem
3–3070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 3. SYSTEM PLANNING
CHAPTER 3. SYSTEM PLANNING3–4070-20000340-01 Rev ASUBSCRIBER SITE CONSIDERATIONSLocations of subscriber sites are determined by the subscribers, within the limits ofthe wireless cell. When implementing a subscriber site, consider the following:•Subscriber Indoor Unit — Make sure the model chosen matches the sub-scriber’s requirements for bridging/routing and host capacity.•Radio Frequency Band — Make sure the PacketWave radio/antenna unitoperates in the wireless cell’s frequency band.•Cabling — You will need to supply cables for connecting the subscriber IndoorUnit to the outdoor radio/antenna, and for connecting the subscriber IndoorUnit to the subscriber’s computer or LAN. Table3-C identifies the cables thatyou will need to supply. (Cabling instructions are included in the PacketWave100 Series Subscriber Equipment Installation and Operation manual.)More complete planning instructions for the subscriber site are included in thePacketWave 100 Series Subscriber Equipment Installation and Operation manual.Table3-C Subscriber Site Cable RequirementsConnection — Qty Cable Type Max. Length ConnectorsEthernet (1) Cat 5 330 ft (100 m) RJ45 maleRadio Signal (1) Coaxial, quad shield 165 ft (50 m) Male F typeRadio Control (1) Cat 5, ourdoor rated 165 ft (50 m) RJ45 male
3–5070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 3. SYSTEM PLANNINGIP PLANNING: ADDRESSING AND SUBNETTINGWhen planning a PacketWave System, make sure you fully understand the system’sIP networking principles and requirements as discussed in Chapter 2.Plan the network carefully; then document the various subnets and the individual IPaddresses. A topological diagram, while not required, will provide the most readilyunderstandable network documentation.Make sure that the network plan includes the following:•Base Station Unit’s MAC address (needed for DHCP configuration).•Subnet and IP address for the Base Station Unit’s backhaul interface.•Default gateway for the Base Station Unit’s backhaul interface.•Servers accessible by the Base Station Unit.•Wireless subnets, and IP addresses for the Base Station Unit’s WSS interfaces.•MAC addresses of individual subscriber Indoor Units, matched to subscribersite (needed for DHCP configuration).•IP address for each subscriber Indoor Unit’s wireless interface.•Default gateways for subscriber Indoor Units (Base Station Unit WSS inter-faces).•Subscriber LAN subnets and IP addresses, as appropriate.Instructions for configuring a DHCP server with the above information are providedin Chapter 7.CONFIGURATION PLANNINGEach Base Station Unit and subscriber requires a separate configuration file whichmust be generated using the WaveCenter Configuration Manager. For basic operation,very simple configurations will suffice; the parameters which must be specified are:•Base Station Unit — MAC address; WSS interface IP addresses and subnetmasks; wireless channel center frequencies.•Subscriber Indoor Unit — MAC address; mode (bridge, router, or NAT);model number.However, there are numerous other parameters which can be specified to aid in net-work administration, to add features, or to adjust performance. Details are providedin Chapter 6 of this manual.
CHAPTER 3. SYSTEM PLANNING3–6070-20000340-01 Rev ADetermine the amount of configuration appropriate for your network, and the specificoptions to be selected. Document the configuration requirements for all Base StationUnits and subscribers.Service Level PlanningManagement of multiple service level offerings requires careful thought and signifi-cant expertise in quality of service (QoS) issues and techniques. To maximize the flex-ibility with which service levels can be defined and managed, the PacketWave Systemincludes extensive configuration options related to the establishment of specific typesand levels of service.If multiple service levels are to be offered, they must be defined in the Subscriber Unit(CPE) configuration files. Principles of service level definition and implementationare discussed in Chapter 2; configuration details are presented in Chapter 6.
4–1070-20000340-01 Rev A4INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITSThe Base Station Unit (BSU) is a rack-mountable control unit that links up to sixradios and their antennas to the core network through a WAN backhaul channel. Itmust be mounted indoors, protected from precipitation and temperature extremes.CAUTION: Make sure that the room in which Base Station Units are installedhas temperature and humidity controls necessary to maintain thetemperature between 32 and 104 °F (0 and 40 °C) and the humid-ity between 10% and 90% noncondensing.MOUNTINGThe Base Station Unit occupies two vertical rack units (3.5 inches) in a standard19-inch equipment rack. It includes integral mounting ears as part of the front panel,handles on the front panel near the mounting ears, and drawer slides on the sides ofthe unit. Air flow holes are located on the sides of the enclosure, with a pair of coolingfans on the rear panel.CAUTION: Make sure that the equipment is mounted so that adequate airflow around the BSU—particularly near the ventilation holes andfans—is not blocked.Secure the front panel to the equipment rack using the appropriate hardware.
CHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITS4–2070-20000340-01 Rev AFRONT-PANEL CONNECTIONSOther than the power connection, all connections to the Base Station Unit are madeon the front panel, which is illustrated in Figure4-1.Figure4-1 BSU Front PanelConnecting the Radios to the BSUConnections from the outdoor radios to the Base Station Unit are described in Chapter5 of this manual.Connecting the Backhaul LinkThe standard backhaul connection for the Base Station Unit is a 10/100-BaseTX link.This can be used for a range of different backhaul implementations, as shown inFigure4-2.To make the backhaul connection:•Obtain or construct a Cat 5 cable of the required length, with a standard RJ45plug on the BSU end and the appropriate connector on the other end.•Insert one end of the cable with an RJ45 plug into the RJ45 socket labeled100Base-T on the BSU front panel, as shown in Figure4-3.•Connect the other end as appropriate for the particular backhaul implementa-tion.
4–3070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITSFigure4-2 Backhaul Channel ExamplesFigure4-3 Backhaul Link ConnectionTo Ethernet backhaul router
CHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITS4–4070-20000340-01 Rev AInterconnecting Multiple BSUs at a SiteTo properly identify wireless channel time slots, multiple colocated Base StationUnits need to be synchronized to the same framing signal. This is done by intercon-necting the units’ Sync connectors, as shown in Figure4-4. When there are three ormore Base Station Units, a main and alternate sync signal source for the framing sig-nal should be chosen; with two Base Station Units, no alternate is necessary.Any Base Station Unit can be the source of a framing signal. If it is not receiving aframing signal at one of its Sync In ports, a BSU will transmit a framing signal throughits Sync Out ports. Thus, when the primary framing signal source fails, the alternatesignal source can take over immediately.To interconnect the multiple Base Stations:1. Determine the Base Stations which will be the main and alternate sync signalsources.2. For the main sync signal, construct a coaxial cable with a BNC connector atone end, a BNC T-connector for each Base Station Unit other than the mainsync source, and a 50-ohm terminator at the other end.3. For the alternate signal source, construct a coaxial cable with a BNC connectorat one end, a BNC T-connector for each Base Station Unit other than the mainand alternate sync sources, and a 50-ohm terminator at the other end.4. Connect the Main Sync Out connector on the main sync signal source to the MainSync In connectors on all other Base Station Units, as shown in Figure4-4.5. Connect the Alt Sync Out connector on the alternate sync signal source to theAlt Sync In connectors on all other Base Station Units except the main syncsignal source, as shown in Figure4-4.
4–5070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITSFigure4-4 Sync Connections for Multiple BSUsConnects Alt Sync Outon Alternate Masterto Alt Sync In on allBSUs except MasterConnects Main Sync Outon Main Masterto Main Sync In onall BSUs50-ohm terminationsT connectorT connectorT connectorT connectorCoaxial Cable withBNC Connectors Coaxial Cable withBNC ConnectorsAlternate Sync MasterMain Sync Master
CHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITS4–6070-20000340-01 Rev AConnecting an External Reference ClockFor timing, a Base Station Unit can use its own internal oscillator, or a 10 MHz signalfrom an external source. When multiple BSUs are colocated, it is a good idea to usean external source to facilitate synchronization.To connect an external source:1. If it is not already present, install the reference source per the manufacturer’sinstructions.2. Construct a coaxial cable with a the required connector for the reference sourceat one end, a BNC T-connector for each BSU, and a 50-ohm termination at theother end.3. Connect the cable to the reference source and to the Ext Ref connector on eachBSU, as shown in Figure4-5.Figure4-5 Connecting an External Reference ClockCoaxial Cable withBNC Connectors10 MHz ReferenceT connectorT connectorT connectorConnects Ext Refon all BSUs to10 MHz reference clock50-ohm termination
4–7070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITSConnecting to the Alarm/Control Relay SwitchThe Relay Switch connector on the Base Station Unit provides dry relay contacts foroperating external equipment. It supports normally-open and normally-closed circuits,as shown in Figure4-6.CAUTION: The alarm/control circuit connected to the relay switch shouldpresent a maximum current of 2 A at 30 V dc. It may be eithernormally open or normally closed.To connect to the alarm/control switch relay:1. Design and implement the desired external alarm or control circuit.2. Use between 28 and 14 AWG wire (2.5 mm maximum diameter) for connectionto the BSU. Wire may be solid, stranded, or stranded with ferrule.3. Verify whether the alarm/control circuit is normally closed or normally open.4. For a normally-closed circuit, connect the leads to terminals 1 and 2. For anormally-open circuit, connect the leads to terminals 2 and 3. Make theconnections by:a. Loosening the screws above the wire holes, if necessary.b. Inserting the wires into the proper holes.c. Tightening the screws above the wire holes until the wires are heldsecurely.Figure4-6 Connecting to the Relay SwitchConnections forNormally-Open CircuitConnections forNormally-Closed CircuitCommonCommonN.C.N.O.
CHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITS4–8070-20000340-01 Rev AConnecting to the RS-232 Craft PortThe RS-232 craft port on the Base Station Unit supports a direct serial connection toa PC, and is intended for temporary management and troubleshooting sessions usinga command line interface (CLI). The port employs a DB-9 female connector and oper-ates with the following parameters: 38.4K baud, 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.To use the CLI through the craft port, connect the computer to the BSU front panelas shown in Figure4-7, using a null-modem (crossover) cable up to 25 feet in length.Operation of the CLI, which can also be accessed via Telnet, is discussed in Chapter8 of this manual.Figure4-7 Connecting to the RS-232 Craft PortCONNECTING POWERThe Base Station Unit may come with either an ac or dc power supply. There is noon-off switch on either model, so disconnecting the power cable or wires is the stan-dard way to remove power from the BSU.Generally, it is a good idea to make power connections after all other connectionshave been made. However, any front-panel BSU connection can be disconnected andreconnected while power is on.To local computer(command line interface only)
4–9070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITSAC PowerAn ac power cord is supplied with the Base Station Unit. To apply power to the BSU,simply plug the cord into the receptacle on the rear panel of the BSU (shown inFigure4-8) and then into a standard grounded wall outlet.Figure4-8 AC Power Connection and Fuse HolderFuseThe ac power supply is protected by a fuse in a holder next to the power connectoron the rear panel of the Base Station Unit, as illustrated in Figure4-8. For the US andother 120VAC power, the fuse is a 4 A, 250 V time-lag high-breaking fuse, 5 x 20mm, such as the Schurter SPT 0001.2510.Should this fuse blow, determine and correct the cause (if possible). Then replace thefuse as follows:1. Disconnect the BSU’s power cord.2. Use a flat-bladed screwdriver to lever up the tab at the bottom of the fuse-holder and remove the fuse holder.3. Remove the fuse from the clips that hold it, and verify that the fuse has blown.4. Place a new fuse in the clips.5. Snap the fuse holder into the opening in the rear panel.6. Reconnect the BSU’s power cord.Fuse holderac cable connectorRear of BSU, left corner
CHAPTER 4. INSTALLING BASE STATION UNITS4–10070-20000340-01 Rev ADC PowerThe dc-power PacketWave 1000 includes dual terminal barrier connectors for redun-dant -48 V dc power connections, plus two 4mm ground studs at the bottom edge ofthe rear panel. You can connect to one or two power sources, as desired.To connect to a dc power supply:1. Use 12 AWG wire of no longer than 25 feet (8 m) for all power and groundconnections. On the BSU end of each power and ground wire, install a crimp-style ring lug of 0.3 inches (7.5 mm) or less in diameter to fit between the ter-minal barriers. Make sure the wires are marked or color-coded to identify pos-itive and negative connections.2. Install a connecting wire from one of the GND lugs to a good earth ground.3. Connect the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of one of the BSU’s dcpower connectors to a -48 V dc power source, using a Phillips screwdriver totighten the terminal posts on the ring lugs. Repeat for the other dc power con-nector and power source, if desired.4. If a redundant power supply is to be employed, repeat steps 3 and 4 for theother power source, terminal block, and ground lug.
5–1070-20000340-01 Rev A5INSTALLING RADIOS AND ANTENNASThe PacketWave base station antennas and radios are designed for mounting outdoorson common antenna masts, and include mounting brackets for such mounting. Differ-ent mounting hardware can be substituted as appropriate for your antenna support.INSTALLING THE ANTENNA MOUNTING SYSTEMVarious antenna mounting systems can be used for the PacketWave base station.Choose a mounting system appropriate for your particular network and site, and fol-low the manufacturer’s directions to install.If the antenna mounting system has a directional aspect (for example, a six-sidedantenna mast), be sure to consider the physical sector locations when installing.CAUTION: Be sure that the antenna mounting system is appropriate for theweights and wind-resistance of all of the antennas and radios tobe installed on it, and for local environmental conditions.
CHAPTER 5. INSTALLING RADIOS AN D ANTENN AS5–2070-20000340-01 Rev AMOUNTING THE ANTENNAS AND RADIOSBefore mounting the antennas, you need to know the compass directions and ele-vation tilts appropriate for each sector. (The antennas have a beam width of 60°or 90° horizontal and 9° vertical).There are several antennas which may be used in a PacketWave system. Because oftheir different sizes and weights, the antennas do not all use the same mounting acces-sories.The base station radio includes a rear-mounted bracket as shown in Figure5-1; thebracket accomodates a pole diameter of 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), 2 inches (5 cm)To mount an antenna:1. Determine the mounting location for the antenna.2. Orient the antenna vertically.3. Using the mounting equipment provided, or other mounting hardware asdesired, secure the antenna to the mast or other support.To mount a radio:1. Determine the exact location for the radio.2. Loosen the pole clamp bolt and open the pole clamp.3. Orient the radio so that the F and RJ45 connectors are at the bottom.4. Close the pole clamp around the pole.5. Adjust the direction and elevation of the radio/antenna unit.6. Tighten the pole clamp bolt until the radio/antenna unit is secured in position.Figure5-1 Base Station Radio Mounting Bracket
5–3070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 5. INSTAL LING RAD IOS AN D ANTENN ASRUNNING THE RADIO CABLESConnections to the radio include two “RF jumper” connections “up” to the antennaand two connections “down” to the Base Station Unit.Radio to AntennaThe radio is connected to the antenna by two cables. One end of each is attached tothe radio internally, and the other terminates with a male N connector, as shown inFigure5-2.To connect the radio to the antenna:1. Connect the cables from the radio to the appropriate connectors on the antenna.2. Apply a silicone sealant or other weatherproofing to the connections as desired.Radio to Base StationThere are two cables that connect each radio to its Base Station Unit: a radio signalcable (which also carries dc power) and a control cable. These cables run from out-door radios to the indoor BSU, so a suitable cable run and building entry point mustbe identified, as discussed in Chapter 3. Connections to the BSU are illustrated inFigure5-3; Connections to the radio are illustrated in Figure5-4.For these outdoor-to-indoor connections, the order of the steps in the installationprocedure will vary depending on a number of factors, including site particularsand installers’ preferred practice. For example, in some cases it may be best torun unterminated cable and then attach connectors; in others it may be more effi-cient to attach one or both connectors to the cable before running it. Also, cabledressing at various locations may be best performed at different points in the pro-cedure. Therefore, the procedures given for radio-to-BSU connections should betaken as a list of necessary steps and a suggested order, and modified as appro-priate for your particular circumstances.
CHAPTER 5. INSTALLING RADIOS AN D ANTENN AS5–4070-20000340-01 Rev AFigure5-2 Radio Cables for Connection to AntennaFigure5-3 BSU Radio ConnectionsControl cable to radioSignal cable to radio
5–5070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 5. INSTAL LING RAD IOS AN D ANTENN ASFigure5-4 Radio Signal and Control ConnectionsRadio Signal ConnectionThe radio signal cable should be outdoor-rated 75-ohm quad-shield coaxial cable witha maximum length of 165 feet (50 m) unless dc voltage is inserted from an externalsource. The cable terminates with a male F connector at each end.To install the radio signal cable, perform the following steps:1. Run an appropriate length of cable from the BSU to the radio. Include a service/drip loop as appropriate.2. Install a male F connector at the radio end of the cable.3. Attach the cable to the female F connector on the radio, as shown in Figure5-4.4. Dress the outdoor portion of the cable as appropriate.5. Install a male F connector on the BSU end of the cable.If the cable is longer than 165 feet, replace step 7 with the steps in the sectionheaded DC Voltage Insertion for Extra-Long Cables later in this chapter.6. Attach the cable to the Radio IF connector for the appropriate Radio port on theBase Station Unit, as shown in Figure5-3.7. Dress the indoor portion of the cable as appropriate.Control cablSignal cableto BSUto BSU
CHAPTER 5. INSTALLING RADIOS AN D ANTENN AS5–6070-20000340-01 Rev AControl ConnectionThe radio signal cable should be shielded outdoor-rated Cat 5, and may be up to 165feet (50 m) in length. It terminates with an RJ45 male connector at each end.To install the radio control cable, perform the following steps:1. Obtain an appropriate length of cable, and run it from the BSU to the radio.Include a service/drip loop as appropriate.2. Place the supplied rubber boot over the radio end of the cable.3. Install an RJ45 male connector on the radio end of the cable.4. Plug the cable into the RJ45 socket on the radio, as illustrated in Figure5-4.5. Put the rubber boot in position to protect the RJ45 connection and secure it inplace with a cable tie. Make sure the longer side of the rectangular boot is par-allel to the top lid of the rado.6. Dress the outdoor portion of the cable as appropriate.7. Install an RJ45 male connector on the BSU end of the cable.8. Plug the cable into the Control connector for the appropriate Radio port on theBase Station Unit, as shown in Figure5-3.9. Dress the indoor portion of the cable as appropriate.10. Seal the entry of the radio signal and control cables to the building as appropriate.
5–7070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 5. INSTAL LING RAD IOS AN D ANTENN ASDC Voltage Insertion for Extra-Long CablesIf the radio signal cable is longer than 165 feet (50 meters), the power provided bythe Base Station Unit via this cable will be attenuated to the point that it is insufficientto properly power the radio. In such a case, power must be inserted onto the radiosignal cable using a bias tee and an external power source (18 V dc, 1.5 A) as illus-trated in Figure5-5.Figure5-5 DC Power Insertion for RadioTo insert dc voltage onto the radio signal cable:1. Provide an 18 V dc power source capable of supplying 1.5 A, a coaxial bias teewith two female F connectors and one BNC connector, and a short coaxialcable with a male F connector at each end.2. Connect the short coaxial cable to the RADIO IF connector on the Base StationUnit as illustrated in Figure 5-4.3. Connect the other end of the short coaxial cable to the dc blocking side (femaleF connector) of the bias tee as shown in Figure 5-5.4. Connect the radio signal cable from the outdoor unit to the other female F con-nector on the bias tee as shown in Figure 5-5.5. Connect a cable from the 18 V dc power source to the BNC connector of thebias tee as shown in Figure 5-5.Radio signal cableLength greater than 50 ft (15 m)Bias TeeTo BSU To Radio18 V dc source, 1.5 AF connectorsF connectorsBNC connectorsdc block
CHAPTER 5. INSTALLING RADIOS AN D ANTENN AS5–8070-20000340-01 Rev A
6–1070-20000340-01 Rev A6BSU AND SUBSCRIBERCONFIGURATIONThis chapter describes how to use Aperto’s WaveCenter Configuration Manager™ toconfigure the base station and subscriber equipment in a PacketWave System.Creating the BSU and subscriber (CPE) configuration files and placing them on theTFTP server is half of the PacketWave system configuration. The other half is theconfiguration of the IP network, including the DHCP server, described in Chapter 7.INSTALLING THE WAVECENTER CONFIGURATION MANAGERThe WaveCenter Configuration Manager is provided on CD as part of the BSU pack-age. You can load the WaveCenter Configuration Manager onto a computer runningany of the following operating systems:•Windows 98•Windows NT•Windows 2000 Professional•Linux•Sun SolarisWhatever the platform, it will need to have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)installed on it. If the JRE is not already present, it can be installed from the Wave-Center CD.
CHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATION6–2070-20000340-01 Rev ADepending on the particulars of your network, it may be a good idea to run theWaveCenter Configuration Manager on the same computer that provides the system’sTFTP server. If you run the Configuration Manager on a different computer, you mustbe able to move the files created by the Configuration Manager to the TFTP servercomputer.To install the WaveCenter Configuration Manager:1. Place the CD in the CD-ROM drive and view the contents. Note that there is acm folder/directory, which contains the Configuration Manager installationfiles, and a jre folder/directory, which contains the executable file for the JavaRuntime Environment.2. If the computer does not already have the Java Runtime Environment installed,open the jre folder/directory and run the executable file (jre<version>.exe).3. Open the cm folder/directory; then open the appropriate folder/subdirectory foryour platform and run the appropriate setup file. For example, for a Windowssystem open the win32 folder and run setup.exe.4. Follow the prompts in the installation wizard.5. When installation has been completed, a WaveCenter Configuration Managericon will have been placed on the desktop. Double-click this icon to launch theWaveCenter Configuration Manager.
6–3070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATIONHOW THE WAVECENTER CONFIGURATION MANAGER WORKSThe WaveCenter Configuration Manager is used to create a separate configuration filefor each Base Station Unit and each subscriber in the system. Each base station unitand subscriber site (CPE) must have a valid configuration file in order to function.BSU and Subscriber BranchesThe WaveCenter Configuration Manager consists of separate Base Station Unit andsubscriber (CPE) branches, accessed by clicking the BSC and SU (CPE) icons shownin Figure6-1. To configure a Base Station Unit, click on the BSC icon. To configuresubscriber equipment, click on the subscriber Indoor Unit (CPE) icon.Figure6-1 WaveCenter Configuration Manager Home Screen
CHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATION6–4070-20000340-01 Rev AFigure6-2 WaveCenter Configuration Manager Screen ElementsConfiguration Screen FormatsEach branch of the WaveCenter Configuration Manager (BSU and subscriber/CPE)consists of multiple configuration menu screens identified and accessed by tabs.Figure6-2 shows a typical screen and its elements, while Table6-A defines the ele-ments.
6–5070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATIONTable6-A Functions of CM Screen ElementsScreen Element FunctionMenu Bar: File Allows opening and saving of configuration files, and exiting from (i.e., closing) the CM branch.Menu Bar: Help Opens CM help files (future).Toolbar Provides one-click access to open, cut, copy, paste, and help (same as corresponding Menu Bar functions).Menu Tabs Allow navigation among the various configuration pages.Configuration Menu Includes all configuration parameters for the tab.Parameter Group Description for a group of related parameters.Parameter Name Descriptive name for a single configurable item.Parameter Text Field Area where you configure a parameter by entering text.Parameter Drop-Down Menu Field Area where you configure a parameter be choosing from a menu.New Instance Icon Used to open a new instance of the element being configured in this menu—for example, an additional SNMP manager.Save Instance Icon Used to save a particular instance as configured on this menu—for example, an SNMP manager.Restore Defaults Icon Used to restore factory defaults for the parameters on the page.Generate BSC Config button Used to create/save the BSU configuration file with parameters as currently specified on all pages. Similar to File — Save As menu option, except the Generate BSC Config button causes the CM to suggest a default file name of bsc_<MACaddress>.cfg.Generate WSS Config button Used to save a particular WSS configuration as part of the current BSU configuration. A WSS configuration file is created on disk as part of the process but need not be copied to the TFTP server.Generate Configuration File button Used to create/save the subscriber (CPE) configuration file with parameters as currently specified on all pages. Similar to File — Save As menu option, except the Generate Configuration File button causes the CM to suggest a default file name of cpe_<MACaddress>.cfg.Close Button Closes the CM branch window without saving the file (same as File — Exit menu option).Window Close, Maximize, Minimize The standard window controls.
CHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATION6–6070-20000340-01 Rev AManaging Configuration FilesBefore using the WaveCenter Configuration Manager, be sure you understand theprinciples of configuration file management discussed below.Opening and Loading FilesWhen you click on the BSU or subscriber Indoor Unit (CPE) icon on the WaveCenterConfiguration Manager home screen, a new (“blank”) configuration file is openedwith the default parameters. You can then load an existing file by selecting File —Open from the menu bar, or the file open icon on the toolbar. The Configuration Man-ager will let you browse for the desired file.NOTE: Some screens have a new instance icon on the right side. This icon does notcause a new configuration file to be opened; rather, it causes a new instance to beopened, and is displayed only on pages which can be configured multiple times formultiple instances (such as multiple SNMP managers; see Figure6-2).Saving FilesThere are two methods for saving configuration files, as identified in Table6-A:•Selecting File — Save as from the page menu line. The Configuration Managerwill prompt for a file name.•Clicking on the Generate BSC Config or Generate Configuration File (CPE)button. The Configuration Manager will prompt with the suggested file namein the format bsc_<MACaddress>.cfg or cpe_<MACaddress>.cfg, using theMAC address entered during configuration. See the discussion of file namesbelow.NOTE: Some screens have a page save icon on the right side. This icon does notcause the configuration file to be saved; rather, it causes the current instance to beadded to the configuration file which is being created or modified. The page saveicon is displayed only on pages which can be configured multiple times for multipleinstances (such as multiple SNMP managers; see Figure6-2).File NamesConfiguration files are required to have unique names so that each BSU and sub-scriber Indoor Unit can download the correct configuration file from the TFTP server.Table6-B identifies the naming convention suggested by Aperto, which uses MACaddresses to guarantee uniqueness. These are the default names used when you clickon the Generate BSC Config or Generate Configuration File button, as described above.While the naming convention identified in Table6-B is recommended, it is notrequired. You can use any other format you wish, as long as the names are unique.
6–7070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATIONStorage LocationTo be accessed by the Base Station Units and subscriber Indoor Units when they boot,the configuration files must be specified in the DHCP server’s configuration file andstored in the default directory (typically, \tftpboot) of the TFTP server. You can savedirectly to that directory when creating the configuration files, or save to a differentlocation and then transfer the files before booting the configured units.Configuration Template FilesIt will often be efficient to create generic configuration files which can be used astemplates when adding new BSUs, WSSs, or subscribers.You create and save a configuration template the same way you create and save a con-figuration file, but save it with a descriptive file name rather than a file name linkingit by MAC address to a specific unit. Then, when you want to use the template as thebasis for a new configuration file, you load the template, make any changes necessary,and save the file using the correct file name for the new unit.NOTE: Similarly, you can base a new configuration file on an existing configurationfile by loading the existing file, editing it, and saving it using the proper file namefor the new unit.Downloading Configuration FilesAfter the configuration files have been created and stored on the TFTP server, the con-figured devices need to be booted up. (The Base Station Unit must be operationalwhen a subscriber Indoor Unit is initialized, or the initialization will fail.) The booteddevice will then automatically download its configuration from the TFTP server.Each Base Station Unit and subscriber Indoor Unit stores its configuration innon-volatile memory. When it reboots, it downloads the latest configuration fromthe TFTP server if it is able to, and then makes any changes to its configurationbased on a comparison of the downloaded configuration with the stored configu-ration. If the device cannot successfully download its configuration from theTFTP server, it operates with its stored configuration.Table6-B Suggested Convention for Naming Configuration FilesConfigured Entity File Name Format ExampleBase Station Unit bsc_<MACaddress>.cfg bsc_00013b0002e4.cfg(for MAC 00:01:3b:00:02:e4)Subscriber cpe_<MACaddress>.cfg cpe_00013b00025d.cfg(for MAC 00:01:3b:00:02:5d)
CHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATION6–8070-20000340-01 Rev AUSING THE WAVECENTER CONFIGURATION MANAGERTo configure a cell using the WaveCenter Configuration Manager, follow this generalprocedure:1. Launch the WaveCenter Configuration Manager by clicking on the desktopicon. The program’s home screen will be displayed, as shown in Figure6-1.2. Click on the BSU icon. A BSU Configuration Manager window will open.3. Configure the Base Station Unit as described later in this chapter, under theheading Base Station Configuration.NOTE: If there are multiple BSUs, you may want to create and use a template file.See the section Managing Configuration Files earlier in this chapter.4. When you are done, click on the Generate BSC Config button to save the BSUconfiguration.5. Close the BSU Configuration Manager window. If there is another BSU to con-figure, return to step 2. If there is no other BSU to configure, go to step 6.6. Click on the home page’s subscriber Indoor Unit (CPE) icon. A subscriber CPEConfiguration Manager window will open.7. Configure the subscriber equipment as described in the section SubscriberEquipment Configuration later in this chapter.NOTE: You may want to create and use a template file. See the section ManagingConfiguration Files earlier in this chapter.8. When you are done, click on the Generate Configuration File button to savethe subscriber configuration.9. Close the CPE Configuration Manager window. If there is another subscriberto configure, return to step 6. If there is no other subscriber to configure, go tostep 10.10. Exit from the WaveCenter Configuration Manager.11. Copy all of the configuration files to the default directory for the system’sTFTP server, typically \tftpboot (unless you saved them directly to thatdirectory).
6–9070-20000340-01 Rev ACHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATIONBASE STATION CONFIGURATIONTo configure a Base Station Unit, including the wireless radio interfaces (WSSs, orwireless subsystems), click on the BSU icon on the WaveCenter Configuration Man-ager home screen (Figure6-1). The BSU Configuration Manager will open in a newwindow, as shown in Figure6-3.There are four required parameters for WSS/BSU configuration: WSS center fre-quency (WSS — Frame menu); WSS subnet IP addresses and subnet masks(WSS — Multiple Subnet menu); and BSU MAC address (MAIN — Generalmenu. All other parameters are optional.Figure6-3 Base Station Opening Menu (WSS — Frame)
CHAPTER 6. BSU AND S UBSCR IBER CONFIGU RATION6–10070-20000340-01 Rev AThere are four first-level menu tabs for BSU configuration, as shown by the upperrow of tabs in Figure6-3:•WSS — Used to configure each wireless subsystem (radio interface) on theBase Station Unit.•Main — Used to specify various parameters for the Base Station Unit itself.•SNMP — Used to configure the Base Station Unit for SNMP management.•Alerts — Used to configure the Base Station Unit for email event alerts.Configuring Wireless Subsystems (WSS)Click on the WSS tab in the upper row. As the second row of tabs in Figure6-3shows, there are six menus for configuring a WSS:•Frame — Used to specify how the wireless signal will be framed and synchro-nized.•Channel — Used to configure the wireless communication channel.•Radio — Used to configure the radio and antenna connected to the WSS.•Multiple Subnet — Used to specify at least one subnet and mask per WSS.•CD Packet — •Preamble — The WSS Configuration — Edit WSS File: field on the Frame menu allows youto load an existing WSS configuration file, causing all of the WSS menus to dis-play the current settings for that WSS file. You can then either modify that file, orsave it under another name.You will need to create a separate configuration for each WSS. The basic procedureis as follows:1. Start with the WSS — Frame menu (Figure6-3). If desired, use the Edit WSSFile field to load an existing WSS configuration as a template.2. Complete the other WSS menus as described on the following pages.3. Click on the Generate WSS Config button, and specify the WSS you are con-figuring.4. Repeat for all WSSs.

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