Apple Mac OS Macintosh Arabic Language Kit Installation And User’s User Manual 0307912AARABLKITUM

1995-01-05

User Manual: Apple Mac OS Macintosh Arabic Language Kit - Installation and User’s Manual

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Page Count: 28

Installation and User’s Manual
Manuel d’installation et d’utilisation
Macintosh Arabic
Language Kit
K Apple Computer, Inc.
This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted by Apple, with all rights
reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in
whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of
the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and
copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the
original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not
sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or
loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another
language or format.
You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be
made for this purpose.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and
other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial
purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark
infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.
© 1995 Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
(408) 996-1010
Apple, the Apple logo, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, and QuickDraw are trademarks of
Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
TrueType and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Adobe and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, which may be
registered in certain jurisdictions.
Times is a registered trademark of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its subsidiaries.
Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes
neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with
regard to the performance or use of these products.
Chapter 1 Introduction A-1
About this manual A-1
About the Arabic Language Kit A-1
Requirements A-2
Chapter 2 Setting Up A-3
Installing the Arabic Language Kit from the compact disc A-3
Installing the Arabic Language Kit from floppy disks A-3
Displaying Arabic or Persian filenames correctly A-5
Installing SimpleText Arabic A-6
Removing the Arabic Language Kit from your system A-6
Chapter 3 Choosing a Language for Your
Application Program A-9
The Arabic Language Register program A-9
Registering your program for Arabic A-9
Creating a Roman Language Register A-10
Chapter 4 Working in Multiple Languages A-11
What are scripts? A-11
Primary and secondary scripts A-12
Choosing a keyboard layout A-12
Arabic Language Kit keyboard layouts A-12
The standard Arabic keyboard layout A-13
Arabic keyboard layout for PowerBook computers A-13
The Arabic-QWERTY transliterated keyboard layout A-14
The Arabe-AZERTY transliterated keyboard layout A-15
The Persian keyboard layout A-16
About the transliterated keyboard layouts A-16
Transliteration guidelines A-16
The Keyboard control panel A-18
The Text control panel A-18
Specific features for right-to-left scripts A-19
The Arabic Setting control panel A-19
The Persian Setting control panel A-21
The Arabic characters encoding table A-21
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting A-23
A-iii
Contents
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Introduction
About this manual
This manual explains how to install your Arabic Language Kit. You will
also learn how to designate which of your application programs
should be opened in Arabic, and how to use the control panels and
menus that the language kit adds to your system software.
Here is how to use this manual:
1. Decide which parts of the Arabic Language Kit you
want to install.
You can install Arabic and Persian. Follow the instructions in
Chapter 2 of this manual to install Arabic or Persian.
2. Display Arabic file and folder names correctly.
Follow the instructions in Chapter 2 of this manual to adjust
the Views control panel so that you can read Arabic filenames.
3. Display Arabic menus correctly in your Arabic
application programs.
Most Arabic application programs display Arabic correctly after
you install the Arabic Language Kit. Follow the instructions in
Chapter 1
Chapter 3 of this manual to designate either Arabic or Persian
as the language for your Arabic-script program.
4. To find out more about the Arabic language support
you have installed, read Chapter 4 of this manual.
Chapter 4 explains how to use the new Keyboards menu, and
how to set your Text, Keyboard, and Arabic/Persian Setting
control panels to customize your computer’s Arabic-script
capabilities. It also displays the keyboard layouts provided
with the language kit.
About the Arabic Language Kit
The Arabic Language Kit contains all the software you need to
work in Arabic or Persian on your computer. You can use your
computer’s Arabic-script capabilities in two ways:
mIf you have a Macintosh application program that has been
localized for use in Arabic, the menus, dialog boxes, help
messages, and other elements will be displayed in Arabic.
mYou can enter English, Arabic, and Persian in a single
document, using any Arabic or non-Arabic application
program that takes advantage of WorldScript I. (Check with
the program’s manufacturer if you’re not sure your program is
fully compatible with WorldScript I.)
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The Arabic Language Kit includes:
mThe Arabic Language Register, a program that lets you specify
which of your application programs should be opened in
Arabic. Programs registered for Arabic will display menus and
dialog boxes in Arabic.
mWorldScript I, an extension to system software version 7.1 or
later that enables your system to handle languages like Arabic,
which are written from right to left.
mSystem software resources needed for Arabic and Persian.
mSeven Arabic fonts in a variety of formats, including:
AlBayan (TrueType, PostScript)
Baghdad (TrueType, PostScript)
Geeza (TrueType, PostScript)
Kufi (TrueType, PostScript)
Nadeem (TrueType, PostScript)
Thuluth (PostScript, bitmap)
Cairo (bitmap)
mSix Persian fonts in a variety of formats, including:
Amir (PostScript, TrueType)
Asfahan (PostScript, TrueType)
Mashad (PostScript, TrueType)
NadeemFarsi (PostScript, TrueType)
Kamran (TrueType)
Tehran (bitmap)
mA choice of keyboard layouts including standard Arabic and
Persian layouts, as well as phonetically transcribed keyboard
layouts for the standard QWERTY (English) and AZERTY
(French) keyboard layouts.
mA set of key caps labels with Arabic characters to stick on
your keyboard.
mA set of key caps labels with Persian characters to stick on
your keyboard.
mSimpleText Arabic.
Requirements
The Arabic Language Kit runs on any Macintosh computer
equipped with the following:
mMacintosh system software version 7.1 or later.
mAt least 4 megabytes of RAM (8 megabytes if you are using
Macintosh System 7.5 with QuickDraw GX installed).
On a Power Macintosh at least 8 megabytes of RAM (16 mega-
bytes if you are using System 7.5 and QuickDraw GX).
mAn internal or external hard disk drive.
mA floppy disk drive capable of reading high-density
(1.4-megabyte) floppy disks, or a CD-ROM drive.
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Chapter 2
3 megabytes of space on your hard disk. This space is made
available to you again after installation is completed.
Your Arabic Language Kit includes five installation disks. You will
need four of these disks for English installation: Install 1, English
and Install 2, 3, and 4. Have these disks ready before you begin.
The Installer provides you with three installation choices:
mArabic installation (includes the Arabic keyboard layout, the
Arabic-QWERTY keyboard, and five Arabic TrueType fonts).
mPersian installation (includes the Persian keyboard layout, and
five Persian TrueType fonts).
mOptional items (includes Arabic and Persian PostScript fonts,
and additional keyboard layout choices).
vNote: To find out more about the keyboard layouts included in
your Arabic Language Kit, read Chapter 4 of this manual.v
Unless you’ve already installed Arabic or Persian, you should
select at least one of these choices. You can choose as many of the
optional customized installation items as you want.
1. Quit any open application programs.
If you have any virus-detection software, turn it off.
Setting Up
Before you can use the Arabic Language Kit you must install the
software. You may also want to consider setting your Views
control panel to display Arabic file and folder names correctly on
your screen.
Installing the Arabic Language Kit from the
compact disc
If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can install the Arabic
Language Kit from the Macintosh Arabic Language Kit CD disc
that came with your kit. To use the CD-ROM for installation,
follow the instructions in the next section of this manual,
“Installing the Arabic Language Kit from Floppy Disks.” The
procedure is the same, but you won’t have to swap disks.
Everything you need is contained on the CD-ROM disc.
Installing the Arabic Language Kit from
floppy disks
The installation process automatically makes a backup copy of
your System Folder (to protect the contents during installation of
the Arabic Language Kit). The backup copy uses approximately
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vNote: It’s best to start your computer with all extensions
turned off before doing the installation. To do so, hold the
Shift key down while your computer is starting.v
2. Insert the Install 1, English disk into your floppy drive
(or insert the Macintosh Arabic Language Kit CD disc
into your CD-ROM drive).
You should see the Installer icon in the Install 1, English disk’s
window.
3. Open the Installer by double-clicking its icon.
After a few moments, you see a welcome screen.
4. Click Continue.
The Custom Install dialog box appears.
5. Make sure that the hard disk named is the one where
you want to install Arabic or Persian.
If a different disk name appears, click the Switch Disk button
until you see the name of the correct disk.
6. Click the items you want to install to select them.
7. Click Install.
Messages tell you when you need to insert another disk. It
takes a few minutes to complete the installation.
8. If you see a message telling you to restart your
computer, click Restart.
vNote: If you installed on a disk different from your startup
disk, you will first be asked to quit the Installer application.
You must designate the hard disk where you installed the
Arabic Language Kit as your startup disk, then restart your
computer to activate the Arabic or Persian language
support. v
Your computer now supports Arabic or Persian.
Click the
checkbox
of each
item you
want to
install.
Click here to
switch to a
different disk
for installation.
Make sure this is
the name of the
disk where you
want to install
the language kit.
Chapter 2: Setting Up
Click here to
install the Arabic
Language Kit.
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Displaying Arabic or Persian filenames
correctly
If you have files and folders with Arabic or Persian names on your
computer, you may find that your system can’t correctly display
these names. This can happen if the font your system currently
uses for file and folder names is not appropriate for Arabic script.
For example, many people use the Geneva font for file and folder
names, but Geneva contains only characters for English and other
languages that use the Roman character set (such as French,
Spanish, and German).
The Geeza font installed with the Arabic Language Kit contains
Arabic characters as well as the most commonly used Roman
characters. You can view Arabic or Persian file and folder names
correctly by setting the Views control panel to Geeza.
Follow these steps to set the Views control panel:
1. Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.
2. Open the Views control panel.
3. Press the “Font for views” pop-up menu.
Most Arabic-script application programs display Arabic correctly
after you install the Arabic Language Kit. Follow the instructions in
Chapter 3 to designate Arabic as the language for your Arabic
program.
vNote: If your computer’s primary language uses the Roman
character set, but is not English, specifying an Arabic or
Persian font in the Views control panel may cause some
difficulties in reading file and folder names that use Roman
characters. This is because the Arabic and Persian fonts do not
contain umlauts, accents, and some other non-English Roman
characters and symbols. v
If you have more than one language kit installed, you may want to
continue using the Geneva font, since an Arabic or Persian font
will not contain the characters for other language kits.
4. Choose Geeza (or any other Arabic or Persian font you
prefer).
5. Close the Views control panel.
Choose Geeza.
Chapter 2: Setting Up
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Installing SimpleText Arabic
SimpleText Arabic is a basic multilingual text-editing program that
supports Arabic or Persian characters, as well as all other available
writing systems. This program is not automatically installed with
your language kit. If you wish to install it, follow these steps:
1. Do one of the following:
If you have a CD-ROM drive, insert the CD Install disc into the
CD-ROM drive.
Otherwise, insert the Install 1, English floppy disk into your
floppy drive.
2. When the floppy disk or CD-ROM disc icon appears on
the screen, double-click it to open it.
3. Locate the SimpleText Arabic icon.
If you don’t see the SimpleText Arabic icon in the window,
resize the window to make it larger, or scroll the window to
see more.
4. Drag the SimpleText Arabic icon to your hard disk.
If you have more than one version of SimpleText on your
computer—for instance, SimpleText Arabic and an English
version—the wrong version may start when you try to open a
SimpleText file. Instead of opening a SimpleText file directly, first
open the version of SimpleText you want to use, then choose
Open from the File menu to open your file.
vNote: Your existing version of SimpleText will also support
Arabic and Persian text entry. SimpleText Arabic is not
required to use the Arabic Language Kit.v
Removing the Arabic Language Kit from
your system
If you wish to remove Arabic or Persian from your system, use the
Installer to remove all the files that provided the language
support.
If you have other language kits on your system, don’t worry. The
Installer will not remove any support needed for your other
languages.
To remove Arabic or Persian language support you need the
Install 1, English disk.
1. Quit any open application programs.
If you have any virus-detection software, turn it off.
vNote: It’s best to start your computer with all extensions
turned off before doing the removal. To do so, hold the Shift
key down while your computer is starting.v
Chapter 2: Setting Up
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2. Insert the Install 1, English disk into your floppy drive
(or insert the Macintosh Arabic Language Kit CD disc
into your CD-ROM drive).
You should see the Installer icon in the Install 1, English
disk’s window.
3. Open the Installer by double-clicking its icon.
A welcome screen appears.
4. Click Continue.
The Install dialog box appears.
5. Press the pop-up menu at the upper-left corner of the
dialog box and choose Custom Remove.
6. Make sure that the disk named is the disk from which
you want to remove your Arabic or Persian language
software.If the wrong disk name appears, click Switch
Disk until you see the name of the correct disk.
If the wrong disk name appears, click Switch Disk until you
see the name of the correct disk.
7. Click to select the items you want to remove.
8. Click Remove.
There is a short wait while the files are removed.
9. If you see a message telling you to restart your
computer, click Restart.
Arabic is not removed until you restart your computer.
vNote: If your language kit was installed on a disk different
from your startup disk, you will only be asked to quit the
Installer application. v
Chapter 2: Setting Up
Click here to remove
the selected files.
Press this pop-up menu and
choose Custom Remove.
Make sure this is the name
of the disk where the
language kit is installed.
Click here to
switch to a
different disk.
Click the checkbox of the
items you want to remove.
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Registering your program for Arabic
You need only register a program once. After it is registered, a
program always opens in the language you specified, unless you
reinstall it or re-register it in a different language, or use it with a
different system.
To register a program:
1. Open the Arabic Language Register.
You’ll find the Arabic Language Register in the Apple Extras
folder on the hard disk where you installed the kit.
2. Click the Register Application button.
A list of application programs and folders appears.
Choosing a Language for
Your Application Program
Now that your computer can work in more than one language, it
must have a way to determine which programs must be opened in
Arabic.
The Arabic Language Register program
Application programs contain a region code that tells your system
which language and font should be used for menus, dialog boxes,
help balloons, and other items. Some programs, however, contain
region codes that don’t specify the preferred language.
Suppose you open an Arabic-script program whose region code
does not specify Arabic. With your Arabic Language Kit you can
work in the program, but you won’t be able to read the menus,
dialog boxes, and help balloons.
To remedy this problem, an Arabic Language Register program is
supplied with your Arabic Language Kit. You can use the Language
Register to “register” the programs you want to use in Arabic. You
may not need to register all your Arabic programs—only those in
which menus don’t appear correctly in Arabic.
Chapter 3
Double-click here to
open the Arabic
Language Register.
Click
Register
Application.
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3. Select the application program you want to register.
4. Click the Register button.
Now you can open your program and begin working in Arabic or
Persian.
vTip: You can use a short-cut method to register your pro-
grams. If the program you want to register is open, quit it.
Then drag the program’s icon to the icon for the Arabic
Language Register. When the Language Register icon is
highlighted, release the mouse button. A message confirms
that the program is registered. v
Creating a Roman Language Register
If you register a program as Arabic by accident, you can change it
back to your computer’s primary language by following these
steps:
1. Open the Arabic Language Register.
2. Pull down the Language menu.
3. Choose Roman.
4. Click OK.
Your Arabic Language Register changes to a Roman Language
Register. You can now use it to re-register programs as Roman.
vHint: As a convenience, you can create additional language
registers for any of the languages installed on your system,
and then use the short-cut method described at left to register
your programs. v
Chapter 3: Choosing a Language for Your Application Program
If the program
you want to
register is not
listed, use this
menu to see
files in other
folders.
Click the program you
want to register.
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and other information such as sort order and date, time, number,
and currency formats.
For instance, if you are working in English, your system uses the
Roman script. The Roman character set is available, and text flows
from left to right.
If you are working in Arabic or Persian, your system uses Arabic
script. The Arabic or Persian character set is available, and text
flows from right to left.
The same script can be used by several languages if they share
most of the same characters and behaviors. For example, Roman
script is used for English, French, German, and Spanish.
Examples of Macintosh scripts and corresponding languages
Roman English, French, German, Italian, Spanish
Cyrillic Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian,
Macedonian, Belorussian
Hebrew Hebrew
Japanese Japanese
Traditional Chinese Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese Simplified Chinese
Korean Korean
Arabic Arabic, Persian
Working in Multiple
Languages
Now that you have installed the Arabic Language Kit, your system
supports at least two languages: your primary language and Arabic
or Persian.
When you add another language to your computer, you have new
choices about how text should appear on your desktop and in
documents. The more languages your computer supports, the
more choices you have.
This chapter explains choosing a keyboard layout from the
Keyboards menu, and setting the Keyboard and Text control
panels to tailor how your computer displays text. It also provides
information about the different keyboard layouts provided with
your Arabic Language Kit.
What are scripts?
Your Macintosh supports multiple languages and their writing
systems through software known as a script system. A script
system tells your computer what characters the script contains,
and which keystrokes produce them. The script system also
specifies the direction of text flow (left to right or right to left),
Chapter 4
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Primary and secondary scripts
The script used by your system software—the language in the
menus, dialog boxes, and other items on the screen—is your
computer’s primary script. If you install a language kit that uses a
different script, that script becomes a secondary script for your
system. For example, if your system is English, and you install the
Arabic Language Kit, your system’s primary script is Roman, and
its secondary script is Arabic.
Choosing a keyboard layout
In the upper-right of your screen , you’ll see a Keyboards menu in
the menu bar. The Keyboards menu is available on any system
with more than one language installed.
If you work in two languages, you can switch from one language
to another by choosing the appropriate keyboard layout from the
Keyboards menu. For example, using an Arabic application
program, or a program that takes advantage of WorldScript I, you
can type a document in Arabic that includes passages in English,
all using the correct fonts and characters.
To choose a keyboard layout while working in an application
program, you can do one of the following:
mPull down the Keyboards menu and choose the keyboard
layout you want to use. You can now type in the language
corresponding to the layout you selected.
mIf you know what’s listed in the Keyboards menu, press
x–Space Bar to switch to the next section of the list without
opening the menu. Press x–Option–Space Bar to switch to
the next choice within the same section.
You may also need to change keyboard layouts while working on
the desktop. However, if you want to edit an Arabic file or folder
name, you need to select an Arabic font in the Views control panel
(see Chapter 2) and an Arabic keyboard layout.
Arabic Language Kit keyboard layouts
The Arabic Language Kit offers five different keyboard layouts:
mthe standard Arabic keyboard layout
mthe Arabic keyboard layout for PowerBook computers
mthe Arabic-QWERTY transliterated keyboard layout
mthe Arabe-AZERTY transliterated keyboard layout
mthe standard Persian keyboard layout
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
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The standard Arabic keyboard layout
This is the standard Macintosh Arabic keyboard. It lets you type all
Arabic characters in Normal and Shift positions. The top keyboard
row allows you to type Arabic numerals. They are displayed from
right to left, as on an Arabic typewriter.
The numeric keypad lets you type Arabic or European numerals
according to your settings (see the section “The Arabic Setting
Control Panel”). They are displayed from left to right.
Normal
Shift
Option
Arabic keyboard layout for PowerBook computers
This layout is similar to the previous one except that it lets you
type European numerals from the top keyboard row when
“Use Arabic Numerals” is not selected in the Arabic Setting
control panel. It is recommended for use with Apple PowerBook
computers, which do not have a keypad integrated with
their keyboard.
Normal
Shift
Option
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
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The Arabic-QWERTY transliterated keyboard layout
This keyboard layout displays Arabic characters on a QWERTY
keyboard (the default in English-speaking countries) in the same
position, when possible, as the corresponding Roman characters
with similar pronunciation. It is recommended for people who are
not familiar with the Arabic keyboard.
Normal
Shift
Pressing the Shift key gives access to graphic alternatives of a
consonant. In particular Shift adds (or removes) some dots.
Option
Option + Shift
Press Option to obtain short vowels (Option + = ), or to
obtain the phonetic alternative of a consonant.
E
xamples: Option + = ; Option + =
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
Press Option + Shift to obtain tanwin vowels (Option + Shift +
= ), or to get Persian consonants following English/Persian
phonetic rules (Option + Shift + p = ).
E
xamples: Shift + = ; Shift + = ; Shift + =
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The Arabe-AZERTY transliterated keyboard layout
This keyboard layout displays Arabic characters on a French
(AZERTY) keyboard in the same position as the corresponding
Roman characters with similar pronunciation. It is recommended
for people who are not familiar with the Arabic keyboard.
Normal
Shift
Press Shift to obtain the graphic alternative of a consonant. In
particular, Shift adds (or removes) some dots.
Option
Option + Shift
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
E
xamples: Option + = ; Option + =
Press Option + Shift to obtain tanwin vowels (Option + Shift +
= ), or to get Persian consonants following French/Persian
phonetic rules (Option + Shift + p = ).
Press Option to obtain short vowels (Option + = ), or to
obtain the phonetic alternative of a consonant.
E
xamples: Shift + = ; Shift + = ; Shift + =
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The Persian keyboard layout
This is the standard Persian keyboard. It lets you type all Persian
characters in Normal and Shift positions. The top keyboard row
allows you to type Arabic numerals. The numeric keypad lets you
type Arabic or European numerals according to your settings (see
the section “The Persian Setting Control Panel” ).
Normal
Shift
Option
About the transliterated keyboard layouts
You should use the Arabic keyboard layout if you are already
familiar with this layout. Otherwise, you may want to choose one
of the transliterated keyboard layouts. The transliterated keyboard
layouts phonetically map the Arabic characters to a standard
English (QWERTY) transliterated or French (AZERTY)
transliterated keyboard layout.
Transliteration guidelines
The chart on the next page lists the names of all the letters of the
Arabic alphabet, and the key caps on the Arabic-QWERTY and
Arabe-AZERTY keyboards to which they correspond. The
keyboard mapping matches, where possible, the pronunciation of
the corresponding Roman character. For example, alif is mapped
to the letter a and miim is mapped to the letter m.
The Persian Transliteration Guide below can be used in addition
to the Arabic Transliteration Guide on the following page.
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
peh option-P option-P
Persian
Form
Name of
Letter
QWERTY
Keyboard
Transliteration
AZERTY
Keyboard
Transliteration
tcheh option-C or H option-C or H
zheh option-J option-J
gaf option-G option-G
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’alif a a
Arabic
Form
Name of
Letter
QWERTY
Keyboard
Transliteration
AZERTY
Keyboard
Transliteration
baa’ b b
taa’ t t
thaa’ [, T, N ù, T, N
jiim j j
Haa’ h h
khaa’ x, H x, H
daal d d
dhaal D D
raa’ r r
zaay z z
siin s s
shiin w, S w, S
Saad c c
Daad C C
Arabic
Form
Name of
Letter
QWERTY
Keyboard
Transliteration
AZERTY
Keyboard
Transliteration
Taa’ y y
Dhaa’ J, Y `, Y
c
ayn e e
ghayn g g
faa’ f f
qaaf q q
kaaf k k
laam l l
miim m m
nuun n n
haa’ o o
waaw u u
yaa’ i i
’alif maqsurah I I
hamza-under-alif option-1 option-!
hamza \ ^
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
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3. Select the new default keyboard layout you want.
4. Close the Keyboard control panel.
The Text control panel
As explained at the beginning of this chapter, the same script can
be used by more than one language. Two languages that share the
same script may have different rules for such things as sorting
order or capitalization. When more than one set of rules exists for
the script you are using, you can use the Text control panel to
specify which rules you want to apply. For your primary script, the
rules determine how file and folder names are sorted on your
desktop.
For example, if your primary script is Roman and you’ve installed
support for both French and U.S. systems, you could set the
Roman script to follow U.S. rules for sorting.
The Keyboard control panel
Use the Keyboard control panel to choose which keyboard layout
is the default—the one automatically selected in your Keyboards
menu—for each script on your system.
The keyboard layouts displayed in the Keyboard control panel
correspond to the script and language currently selected in your
Keyboards menu. For instance, if the U.S. keyboard is currently
selected in your Keyboards menu, the Keyboard control panel lists
all the keyboard layouts available for the Roman script.
If you want to set the default keyboard layout for the Arabic script,
choose an Arabic keyboard in the Keyboards menu. Then follow
the instructions given here.
To set the default Arabic keyboard layout:
1. Choose Control Panels in the Apple (K) menu.
2. Open the Keyboard control panel.
The current default keyboard is highlighted.
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
Choose a default keyboard
layout from this list.
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The Arabic Setting control panel
This control panel lets you select the Roman font you want to
associate with Arabic fonts. It also allows you to select your
preferred Kashida behavior, to enable or disable Arabic ligatures,
and to choose Arabic or European numerals.
Double-click the Arabic Setting control panel. The following
window appears:
mFont This pop-up menu allows you to choose the default
Roman font whenever you type Roman characters in
an Arabic context. This is especially useful if you are
using an application that allows only one text font
per section.
mKashida Use this pop-up menu to select your preferred
Kashida behavior when you want to justify text.
Specific features for right-to-left scripts
If your system has a right-to-left script installed, such as Arabic or
Persian, your Text control panel has some additional features (as
shown below). The Text control panel determines the direction
(left to right or right to left) in which the system presents text and
other on-screen elements such as buttons and menus.
The Text control panel also allows you to choose “split caret”
insertion, so you can see insertion points at each of two possible
locations when you are typing at a boundary between left-to-right
and right-to-left text.
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
Persian rules selected.
This box illustrates the
effects of the insertion point
options chosen below.
Choose the
cursor’s
blinking speed.
Choose if you
want a split
insertion
point. (The
upper half of
the Insertion
Point shows
where the next
character of
the current
script will
appear.)
Choose the writing
direction (for dialog
boxes, System
messages, and so
forth).
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For example:
Enable Ligatures OFF: Enable Ligatures ON:
mArabic and Two types of numeric digits are possible
European with the Arabic Language Kit: Arabic
numerals numerals ( ) and European numerals
(1, 2, 3).
The Use Arabic Numerals option displays numbers entered from
the numeric keypad as Arabic numerals, except when the
numbers are entered within a series of Roman characters. In that
case, European numerals will be displayed.
The following chart shows the results you can expect when you
enter numbers using the main keyboard or numeric keypad.
When an application allows you to justify text, you can do so in
either of two ways:
menlarging spaces between words, when you select No Kashida
menlarging words using the stretch bar, in conformity with
Arabic calligraphy rules
The Single option adds Kashida equally to the appropriate initial
and medial characters. Kashida are recommended for initial
characters.
The Double option adds two Kashida to appropriate initial
characters, and one Kashida to medial characters.
The Triple option adds three Kashida to appropriate initial
characters, and one Kashida to medial characters.
The Large option adds up to ten Kashida to appropriate initial
characters, and one Kashida to medial characters.
mLigatures Some combinations of Arabic letters have special
optional forms that include ligatures. The Enable
Ligatures option enables you to select these as
default forms.
Input from
Numeric Keypad
Use Arabic Numerals
Selected
Input from
Main Keyboard
Use Arabic Numerals
Unselected
123
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
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The Persian Setting control panel
This control panel has features similar to the Arabic Setting
control panel.
vCaution: If both Arabic and Persian scripts are installed in
your system, you will not be able to select different settings
for each script. The settings will default to the most recent
selection in the Arabic or Persian Setting control panel. v
The Arabic characters encoding table
The character encoding table used in the Arabic Language Kit is
shown below.
Column rank represents the first code digit, and row rank
represents the second code digit. Rank starts from 0.
For example, letter b is in the 6. column and the .2 row, so its
hexadecimal code is $62.
vImportant: The Arabic space character code is $A0.
This is not the same as the Roman space character code,
which is $20.v
Chapter 4: Working in Multiple Languages
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Troubleshooting
This section contains solutions to some common problems you
may encounter while working on a computer that supports Arabic
or Persian.
I see odd characters that I can’t read in some of my file
and folder names.
The font your system is using for file and folder names does not
contain any Arabic characters. Arabic or Persian names can’t be
properly displayed unless your system uses a font that contains
Arabic characters. Choose Geeza (or Tehran for Persian) in your
Views control panel (see the section “Displaying Arabic or Persian
Filenames Correctly” in Chapter 2).
The Geeza font contains Arabic characters as well as the most
commonly used Roman characters. You can usually view Arabic
and Roman file and folder names correctly by setting the Font for
views to Geeza.
If you still see odd characters on your screen, read on.
Chapter 5
I changed my Views control panel to the Geeza or Tehran
font, but I still see odd characters in my Arabic
application program.
Your system may not recognize your Arabic program as Arabic.
Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 of this manual to register
your program as Arabic.
I changed my Views control panel to the Geeza font, and
now I can’t read some of my non-Arabic file and folder
names.
If you have file or folder names that contain non-English Roman
characters, such as accents or umlauts, they will not be correctly
displayed after you change the Views control panel to either the
Geeza or Tehran font. A few other characters, such as typographic
quotation marks and ellipses, will also not be correctly displayed.
This is because the Geeza and Tehran fonts do not have a
complete set of Roman characters, only the most commonly used
ones.
In the Views control panel, choose a font that will correctly
display your non-Arabic file and folder names. Then use non-
Arabic names for all your files and folders, even those that contain
Arabic.
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Setting the Views control panel to Geeza or Tehran is necessary
only to read Arabic file and folder names. If you don’t set the
Views control panel, you will still see Arabic correctly displayed
within your Arabic or multilingual application programs. You
can write and print in Arabic; remember to give your files non-
Arabic names.
I changed my Views control panel to the Geeza (or
Tehran) font, but I still see odd characters in my
Application menu.
Not all the problems of working in multiple languages on one
computer have been solved. Unfortunately, the Application menu
cannot display Arabic names, even after you set your Views
control panel to an Arabic font. The names of your Arabic applica-
tion programs will not be correctly displayed in the Application
menu and in certain dialog boxes.
Icons that appear in the Application menu next to each program’s
name will help you to identify your Arabic programs.
I can’t edit an Arabic file or folder name.
You may have a non-Arabic keyboard selected in the Keyboards
menu. Pull down the Keyboards menu and select an Arabic
keyboard.
For more information on the Keyboards menu, see Chapter 4.
I reinstalled one of my Arabic application programs. Do I
need to re-register it in Arabic?
If the name of your program changes, you must re-register it. See
Chapter 3 for instructions on registering a program in Arabic.
I can’t work in Arabic with my usual application
program.
Your application program may not be completely compatible with
WorldScript I. If it isn’t, it won’t automatically switch to an Arabic
font when you select an Arabic keyboard, or it may not let you see
the Arabic fonts in the font menu, or it may not support right-to-
left text entry.
To determine if your application program is WorldScript I
compatible, please consult the dealer from whom you purchased
the program, or the program’s manufacturer.
Since I installed the Arabic Language Kit, I can no longer
work with some of my other application programs, even
in Roman.
This may be caused by a lack of memory. The Arabic Language Kit,
when installed, is automatically loaded in memory at startup along
with system software. Your system software takes up more space
in memory, and the amount of memory available for programs
decreases.
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
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If you are sure that you have enough memory, this problem may
be due to an incompatibility between non-Roman languages and
your program. You may need to deactivate the Arabic Language Kit
while you are using the application. You can do so by disabling the
WorldScript I extension in the Extensions Manager control panel
(included with Macintosh System 7.5 and later).
Since I installed the Arabic Language Kit, unwanted
keyboard layouts appear in my Keyboards menu. How do
I remove them?
To remove unnecessary keyboard layouts, open the System file in
the System folder. Select the unnecessary keyboard layouts and
drag them to the Trash or into a temporary folder.
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting
I installed both the Arabic and the Persian resources.
Now, dialog boxes are coming up in Persian when I would
really prefer Arabic. Or, dialog boxes are coming up in
Arabic when I would really prefer Persian.
If you install both Arabic and Persian language kits, the one that
you install last will be the one on which dialog boxes are based. To
change this preference, reinstall the language kit for your
preferred language.

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