Array Solutions Array Solutions X8NAA1500 Amateur Radio Linear Amplifier User Manual Exhibit 6 User 146 s Manual

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Exhibit 6: User’s Manual
External Radio Frequency
Power Amplifier ACOM 1500
Model 1500
Array Solutions
2611 North Beltline Rd
Suite 109
Sunnyvale, Texas 75182
USA
Tel: 214 954 7140
fax: 214 954 7142
E-mail: info@arraysolutions.com
Table of Contents
1. GENERAL INFORMATION .................................................................... …3
1-1. Introduction and Description ................................................................ 3
1-2. Owner Assistance ................................................................................. 3
1-3. Equipment Supplied ............................................................................. 3
1-4. Features ............................................................................................... 3
1-5.Safety Considerations, Explicit Definitions ............................................. 4
2. INSTALLATION ...................................................................................... 6
2-1.Unpacking and Initial Inspection ............................................................ 6
2-2. Line Voltage Selection .......................................................................... 6
2-3. Amplifier Location Selection ................................................................. 6
2-4. Connections ......................................................................................... 7
2-5. Installation of External Fan ................................................................... 8
3. POWER ON, CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ......................................................... 9
4. OPERATION ......................................................................................... 11
4-1. Turning ON and OFF ........................................................................... 11
4-2. Changing Operate and Standby Modes................................................ 11
4-3. Antenna charge .................................................................................. 12
4-4. Tuning ............................................................................................... 12
4-5. ON LINE Information Screens and Control Functions............................ 14
4-6. Auto-Protection System ...................................................................... 15
5. OFF LINE OPERATION ........................................................................... 16
5-1. Display brightness control ................................................................... 16
5-2. Auto-Operate enabling and disabling ................................................. 16
5-3. Antenna outputs
assignment...............…………………………………………………..16
5-4. Reading Auto-protection Signatures
…………………………………………………..16
6. MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................... 17
6-1.
Cleaning………………………………………………………………………………….17
6-2. Fuses
Replacement………………………………………………………………………17
6-3.
Tube
Replacement……………………………………………………………………….17
6-4.
The
ACOM1500
Simplified
Schematic
Diagram…………………………………………17
6-5.
Troubleshooting……………………………………………………………………..…..18
7.
SPECIFICATIONS……………………………………………………………………..20
7-1.
Parameters………………………………………………………………………………..20
7-2.
Functions………………………………………………………………………………….20
7-3.Storage
and
Shipment……………………………………………………………………..21
NOTE
This unit has been set for 240VAC at the factory. Means is provided, however, to
reconnect it for 200/240VAC, as well as for 100/120VAC, in 10-Volt steps.
Please contact your dealer or look at the enclosed schematic diagram whenever a
change is needed.
4
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. Introduction and Description
This manual explains the installation, operation, and maintenance of the ACOM1500 HF+6
meters linear amplifier.
The ACOM1500 is a complete and self-contained linear amplifier that covers all amateur
bands from 1.8 through 54MHz and provides over 1500W PEP (1200W continuous carrier)
output power with less than 85W exciter drive. Antenna VSWR up to 3:1 is acceptable at full
power. Tuning is substantially simplified by a plate-load True Resistance Indicator (TRI) and
by an automatically controlled input attenuator. Operating parameters are displayed by a
multi-functional high brightness vacuum fluorescent display (VFD). Full break-in
transmit/receive switching (QSK) is standard.
1-2. Owner Assistance
If assistance is needed, you should contact your local dealer first. If you still have an issue
you need to discuss with one of ACOM's specialists, the contact information is as follows: fax
+ 359 2 920 96 56, tel. + 359 2 920 96 55, e-mail acom@mail.orbitel.bg or by mail: bul.
Nikola Mushanov Nr.151, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria.
1-3. Equipment Supplied
The ACOM1500 amplifier and this manual are shipped in a cardboard carton.
1-4. Features
• Easy to operate. The TRI is a powerful tuning aid which, together with the automatically
controlled input attenuator, helps the operator to quickly and precisely match antennas
(5-10 seconds typically). The auto-operate function (when enabled) maintains the amplifier
in OPERATE mode for you, thus saving manual operations and time.
• No heavy outboard antenna tuners required for antenna VSWR up to 3:1 (and higher on
some bands). Your amplifier will perform the functions of an antenna tuner, thus enabling
you to change antennas faster and use them over a wider frequency range (saving tuning
time).
• An amplifier that is both user-friendly, and that looks after itself. It is designed to safely
withstand up to 300W reflected power, up to 100 milliseconds duration of drive spikes, drive
RF "tails" after a PTT or KEY release, operator's inadvertent tuning errors etc. It would also not
cease to function with a "soft" AC line and would deliver more than half power at only 85% of
nominal mains voltage. It would withstand up to 10 milliseconds (down to zero) voltage
drops, and up to +15% line voltage spikes, which is important particularly when used at field
days, DXpeditions, and other portable events.
• VFD comment display. All amplifier status indications are explained via detailed text
displayed on the dot matrix high brightness vacuum fluorescent display (VFD). The
upper-line's strip on the VFD always reads peak forward power. LED indicators are provided
for: OPERATE mode, attenuation-on (ATT), transmit request (TX), the selected antenna
output (1, 2, or 3), and ON/OFF conditions.
• Antenna selection. Three antenna outputs are selectable using a button on the front
panel.
• Easy maintenance. Signatures of the amplifier internal status are stored in a nonvolatile
memory for 7 most recent auto protection trips. This information can be forwarded to your
dealer for diagnostics.
Using an EXCEL APPLICATION (available from ACOM or your dealer free of charge) and a PC
you can decode the signatures by yourself, too.
• Less noise in the shack: the input bypassing and the vacuum antenna relays are virtually
silent even in QSK CW mode due to their special mounting.
• Less QRM and improved Electro Magnetic Compatibility during tuning. Antenna matching
can be achieved in less than 10 seconds at a quarter of nominal output power.
• Operates without special signals from the transceiver - "ground on TX" and 85W RF drive
power are sufficient.
• Broadband input matching circuit resulting in very good load to the transceiver over the
entire spectrum from 1.8MHz up to 54MHz.
• Uses a single 4CX1000A/8168 ceramic and metal radial beam tetrode with plate
dissipation of 1000W (forced air cooled, grid-driven) which is specifically designed for class
AB1 RF linear amplifiers.
• Permanent monitoring and protection of plate and grid voltages and currents, as well as
of the exhaust air temperature. The Bias Optimizer decreases the heat dissipated from the
tube, and there is automatic protection against overheating in accordance with the
specifications of the tube producer.
• An output RF Arc protection is employed. It safeguards the amplifier, antenna, antenna
selector, and tuner against severe damage in case of possible break down.
• High voltage power supply inrush current protection, which eliminates the danger of
affecting sensitive devices, connected to the same mains circuit (important when used
portable). The amplifier can be configured for 8 nominal line voltages: 100, 110, 120, 200,
210, 220, 230, and 240VAC, 50 or 60Hz.
• Continuous monitoring and/or selectable measurement of 12 most important parameters
of the amplifier, exciter, and the selected antenna via VFD.
• The amplifier can be shipped with 10 and 12 meters capability disabled as required by the
FCC for US users. Contact your dealer about enabling those bands.
1-5. Safety Considerations, Explicit Definitions
The ACOMI500 HF + 6 meters Linear Amplifier is a Safety Class I unit. The third grounding
lead of its mains cord (which is colored yellow with two green stripes) and the ground stud on
the rear panel of the amplifier (marked GND) must be connected to the station's grounding
system for safe operation.
The amplifier is designed to meet international safety standards and complies with CE safety
and electromagnetic compatibility requirements, as well as FCC regulations.
This operating manual contains information, precautions, indications for cautions and
warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to keep the
ACOMI500 in safe operating condition.
PRECAUTIONS:
The EXPLICIT DEFINITIONS described below apply to this operating manual:
W A R N I N G notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed,
could result in personal injury, fire hazard or electric shock.
C A U T I O N notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed,
could result in equipment damage, not only in the amplifier.
N O T E notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed, could
result in inconvenience.
W A R N I N G HIGH VOLTAGE!
The amplifier works with high voltages up to 3000V, which are LETHAL!
Also, for your safety, pull the amplifier power plug out of the mains wall
outlet and WAIT AT LEAST 30 minutes EACH TIME BEFORE you remove the
cover of the amplifier. Do not touch any part inside while the amplifier is
open because some residual voltages may still be present.
W A R N I N G HIGH VOLTAGE!
NEVER ALLOW ANYONE, ESPECIALLY CHILDREN, to push anything into
holes in the case - this will cause electric shock. NEVER TOUCH AN
ANTENNA during transmission - this may result in an electric shock or
burn. NEVER EXPOSE the amplifier to rain, snow or any liquids. AVOID
placing the amplifier in excessively dusty environments or in direct
sunlight. DO NOT OBSTRUCT AIR INTAKE (rear panel) and EXHAUST (top
cover) areas of the amplifier. Keep a minimum distance of 10cm (4 inches)
to the intake and 50cm (20 inches) to the exhaust openings.
WARNING
Do not undertake on your own repairs or changes in hardware or software
of the amplifier. Otherwise you may endanger your or other's health and
life or damage the amplifier and the equipment connected with it, not
covered by warranty. The manufacturer is not liable for another's actions
and responsibility shall be assumed by the doer.
CAUTION
To avoid damage (not covered under warranty) read the Installation Section 2 of this operating manual carefully. If you have any doubts about
the installation, operation or safeties of the amplifier please consult your
dealer.
2. INSTALLATION
2-1. Unpacking and Initial Inspection
NOTE
Before you start to install the amplifier, thoroughly read this manual.
First, carefully inspect the cardboard carton and its contents for physical
damage. If damage is noticed, notify your dealer immediately. Delay may
infringe carrier's warranty conditions. Keep all packing for possible future
transportation!
2-2. Line Voltage Selection
CAUTION
To avoid damage (not covered under warranty), check carefully if the
voltage for which the amplifier is set corresponds to your mains nominal
voltage.
Normally the amplifier is supplied set for a nominal line voltage of 240V. If your line voltage
is not 240 V, you must contact your dealer for instructions on how to change the voltage
selector inside the amplifier. The only exception to this is if the unit has been custom
ordered, in which case the voltage selection will be noted in the Table of Individual Data
(Table 2-1, below).
AMP s/n
Tube s/n
Voltage Selector
VAC
Table 2-1. ACOM 1500 Individual Data
CAUTION
The current consumed by the amplifier from the line (mains) supply
should not exceed 16A from 200/240VAC and 20A from 100/120VAC.
Therefore you will have to reduce the output power to about 1000W PEP in
case of operation at 120V or lower line (mains) supply voltage.
2-3. Amplifier Location Selection
CAUTION
The weight of the unit is about 26.5 kg, which should preferably be
handled by two persons.
Position the amplifier near the place where it will be used. You'll need an easy access to the
command knobs and indicator's area, as well as to the rear panel cabling.
No magnetic-field sensitive devices should be located next to the right side of the amplifier
as its power transformer is located there. It's best to position it to the right of your
transceiver. No temperature sensitive devices should be located above the exhaust hot air
area, so don't push it under a shelf. You may prefer to use the bottom scales of both variable
capacitor knobs (TUNE and LOAD) if you install it on a shelf. DO NOT OBSTRUCT AIR INTAKE
(rear panel) and EXHAUST (top cover) areas of the amplifier. Keep a minimum distance of
10cm (4 inches) to the intake and 50cm (20 inches) to the exhaust openings.
2-4. Connections
Connection to your station must be accomplished in the order described below, before
you apply mains voltage to the amplifier.
WARNING
Note that the grounding system may have to withstand currents over 20A
with insignificant voltage drop on it. Therefore, it may be necessary to
improve it considerably, i.e. to become less resistive, with heavier leads
and lower-resistive ground path. The grounding leads should be at least
8mm2(AWG 8 or SWG 10).
Fig.2-1 Connections
a) First, connect the ground stud of the amplifier (on the rear panel, marked GND) to
the station's grounding system (Fig.2-1).
b) Connect a coaxial cable with a PL-259 plug from the transceiver output to the amplifier
rear panel RF INPUT socket.
C A U TI O N
If this is the first time you will use a power amplifier in your station, pay attention
to the coaxial cable type from the amplifier's three outputs. The cable must
handle the increased power safely, particularly on the 10 and 6 m bands. We
recommend that you use RG213 or better. Check the same for the antenna
selector and tuner as well as the antenna itself (especially multi-band trap
antennas).
c) Connect a suitable coaxial cable from your antennas to the appropriate amplifier output
on the rear panel, marked ANTENNA 1, ANTENNA 2, and ANTENNA 3, using PL-259 plugs
with PTFE insulation.
d) Run a cable terminated in a Phono (RCA) connector from the transceiver socket
providing "ground on transmit" control signal to the amplifier rear panel KEY-IN socket.
NOTE
Your amplifier will not work if KEY-IN is not connected properly.
Transceiver producers give different names to this output and they are for instance TX-GND,
SEND, T/R-LINE, etc. Some transceivers require that "ground on transmit" is implemented via
a software command, or by changing the setting of a switch on the rear panel, or interior of
the transceiver. Check your transceiver's manual.
e) The KEY-OUT socket on the rear panel provides an extra control signal from the amplifier
to the transceiver. It could be used to improve the transmit/receive switching safety.
If your transceiver has a suitable input that disables transmission, we recommend that you
connect it with a cable terminated in a Phono (RCA) connector to the KEY-OUT socket of the
amplifier. Transceiver producers give different names to this input and they are for instance
TX-INHIBIT, MUTE, LINEAR, etc. Check your transceiver's manual or consult your dealer.
If your transceiver does not have such an input, don't worry - the amplifier will function
normally as well, and then the KEY-OUT may remain unused.
f) Preparation of wall outlet for the amplifier.
WARNING
If your amplifier is only fitted with one line (mains) fuse, it is suitable for
the European Union ONLY. Your dealer will check that your amplifier is
correctly fused before it is shipped to you, based upon your indicated
location. Customers should check with a qualified electrician if the
amplifier is to be used outside the country in which it was purchased.
Due to the different standards in different countries, the mains plug is supplied and mounted
by the dealer. He connects to the mains cord a standard mains supply plug which meets the
Safety Class I units standard in your country. The ground lead of the amplifier's power cord is
colored yellow with two green stripes and the blue and brown leads are active. When the
amplifier is to be used with only one mains fuse, it is connected in series with the brown lead,
which must be the active. If you have any doubts about the correct way of connecting the
wires, consult your dealer.
WARNING
Before connecting the amplifier to your mains supply, be sure that the
supply is correctly wired, and is adequate for the current drawn by the
amplifier - up to 16A from 200/240V and 20A from 100/120V. Make
certain that the grounding lead is connected properly in the wall outlet for
the amplifier.
It is preferable that you use the wall outlet closest to the source. The installation leads should
be at least 2.5mm2 (AWG 13 or SWG 15). Check if the respective fuses can handle current up
to 16A as well, and whether the voltage corresponds to the voltage for which the amplifier is
set (S.2-2). If you connect the amplifier to a different mains outlet, be sure that you check it,
too.
10
Make sure the main Power Switch on the rear panel is in OFF position and insert amplifier's
mains plug into the wall outlet prepared for it. The amplifier remains switched off.
2-5. Installation of External Fan
This fan (Fig. 2-1) is not necessary in SSB and CW modes, nor in continuous carrier modes
(RTTY, SSTV etc.) with carrier down times of maximum 15 minutes and a subsequent pause
of 3 minutes. For higher duties or increased ambient temperatures the fan is recommended.
The auxiliary fan (92x92x25mm or 92x92x38mm) must be brushless type, 2...5W/24VDC. It
may be installed by your dealer or by the manufacturer on request.
3. POWER ON, CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
CAUTION
Do not turn the amplifier on for at least 2 hours after unpacking it in the
room where it will be used. Pay particular attention when you move it
from a very cold into a warm place - condensation is likely and this
could result in damage to the high voltage circuits. In such a case, wait
at least 4 hours. A similar effect can occur after a rapid warming of the
operating room (for instance after switching on a powerful heater in a
cold shack).
CAUTION
To avoid damage (not covered under warranty) carefully check that the
voltage for which the amplifier is set corresponds to your mains nominal
voltage (see S.2- 2 and table 2-1).
After following all instructions in S.2, you can turn ON the main power switch marked "LINE"
on the rear panel (Fig.2-1). The LED indicator above the red ON/OFF button located on the
front panel must light red and a black inscription "ACOMI500" will appear on the display
(Fig.3-1):
11
Fig.3-1 ACOM1500 Display and Control
You'll note that the upper line of the LCD always reads the peak forward power, even in STBY
mode. The 1500W scale resolution is 15W per bar. Note that levels below 20W may be not
detected.
NOTE
If the characters on the fluorescent dispaly are dim, please follow the
method of Display
brightness control described in S.5-1.
In this position (called OFF LINE hereafter) only the micro-controller is operational, while the
amplifier itself is still turned off (the tube is not powered at all).
The control of the amplifier is accessible during OFF LINE and ON LINE states, each having
several information
screens and control functions (see Fig. 3-2):
Fig.3-2 Information Screens and Control Functions Structure
The OPER button changes operate and standby modes alternatively (S.4-2) while ON LINE.
Please note that Auto-Operate might be enabled. The same button activates signature list
while OFF LINE.
The PREV and NEXT buttons change information screens or select control functions (S.4-5)
for both OFF LINE and ON LINE modes.
The ON/OFF button switches OFF LINE and ON LINE states of the amplifier alternatively.
You can proceed in one of two directions:
12
a) You can use the OFF LINE information screens and control functions. They refer to the
auto-protection signatures list, Display brightness control, as well as the Auto-Operate
feature. This is described in S5.
b) You can turn on the amplifier and start the warm-up sequence. After 3 minutes you may
tune and begin operating the amplifier and you can use the ON LINE information screens or
control functions (see below).
4. OPERATION
Operation of the amplifier is simplified due to the TRI tuning aid, Auto-Operate function, and
automatic protection system, so you'll be able to begin using the amplifier immediately after
the installation. However, to make full use of amplifier's potential and to fully configure it to
your local conditions, we recommend that you thoroughly read the following information.
There are I4 ON LINE information screens, which can be selected by pressing repeatedly the
NEXT or PREV buttons (see fig.3-2). Their purpose and method of use are described in the
next five sections 4-1 through 4-6.
4-1. Turning ON and OFF
In order to turn on the amplifier, while the Main Power Switch (located on the rear panel) is
on, press the red ON/OFF button (located under the red LED on the front panel right-bottom
corner) and hold it on for about one second. The VFD will light at full brightness and the
ON/OFF LED indicator above the button will change the color from red to green. You'll hear
the blower and the optional external fan starting at high speed for a second, then slow down.
After successfully passing the initial amplifier self-tests, the ON/OFF LED begins flashing
green while the following inscription on the LCD remains lit:
WARMING UP: nnn s
(nnn above is the number of seconds remaining to readiness for operation)
A tube warm-up period of 180 seconds (3 minutes) follows. During this time the amplifier
remains in standby mode, so you can continue operating with the transceiver.
13
Pressing either the PREV or NEXT buttons during this period will result in changing the screen
to one of the I4 available information screens described in S.4-5 below. This action will not
influence the warming-up process, so you may pass through all information screens, for
instance to monitor the High Voltage value or the Exhaust Air temperature. You can also
return to the old one to see how many seconds are still needed for the tube's heater.
NOTE
When you intend to have a short operating break, it is better to leave the
amplifier in standby mode instead of turning it off. Tubes life is shortened
by repeatedly turning on and off the heater. However, if you
unintentionally power-off the amplifier, it is best to switch it on again
immediately. When the pause is short (up to one minute) and the cathode
is still warm, the warm-up period is shortened significantly, which
reduces the waiting time and prolongs the tube's expected life.
After the indicated period expires, the ON/OFF button stops flashing and lights green
constantly. If the auto-operate function has been selected to ON (see S.5-2), the green OPER
LED will light automatically. The last used (one out of I4) information screen appears on the
display, for instance: "WARMING UP: Ready".
The bargraph on the upper line always indicates the peak forward power (as well as during
OFF LINE).
In order to turn the amplifier off press shortly the red ON/OFF button. If you intend to have a
break for a long time, it is best to turn it off using the Main Power Switch (on the rear panel)
as well.
4-2. Changing Operate and Standby Modes
With the Auto-Operate function disabled (see S.5-2), the OPER button changes two modes
alternatively.
When Auto-Operate is enabled, the amplifier will be maintained to operate mode by default,
unless you use the OPER button manually to go to standby (then Auto-Operate is suppressed
temporarily). Pressing OPER again would restore the Auto-Operate feature.
This function can be enabled or disabled on the operator’s choice. When Auto Operate
function is disabled, the amplifier will shift and stay in STBY mode after each protection trip.
To restore the operation, the operator must press the OPER button manually.
When the Auto Operate function is enabled (see S 5-2), the amplifier will also shift to the
STBY mode on a protection trip, however it will return to the OPER mode after about four
seconds automatically. The operator does not need pressing any button to return to OPER
mode in this case.
4-3. Antenna change
By pressing the ANT button, the amplifier output can be switched between three antenna
outputs. The lights above the button indicate the current antenna selection. Selection
possibility for any one of the antenna outputs can be disabled if it is not used - see S. 5-3 Antenna outputs assignment. Thereafter you will not be able to select free outputs
inadvertently, thus preventing no-load transmissions and possible damage.
CAUTION
To avoid damage (not covered under warranty) do not change antennas
during a transmission. Do not transmit into an antenna output (1, 2, or 3) if
it is not connected to an antenna or a dummy load.
14
4-4. Tuning
Tuning is possible only in operate mode, so you may need to press the OPER button in order
to illuminate the LED above it (unless Auto-Operate is active).
a) Preliminary information.
Tuning the amplifier is a procedure of matching the impedance of the currently used antenna
to the optimum tube load resistance. This will ensure maximum plate efficiency and RF gain
at nominal output power, with minimum IMD at that.
Please note, that the REFLECTED POWER readings and the measured VSWR depend on the
antenna impedance only, and not on the amplifier tuning. If the antenna impedance is
different from 50-Ohm pure resistive (nominal), the REFLECTED POWER reading will always
indicate reflected power presence (even at a perfect tuning). Proper tuning will allow
operation at greater power without distortion or danger to the amplifier.
Note also that the real OUTPUT POWER in the load is equal to the difference between the
FORWARD- and REFLECTED- readings. For instance, at a reading of FORWARD I500W and
REFLECTED 250W, the real OUTPUT POWER will be equal to their difference - I250W (into a
2.4:1 VSWR load). At very high VSWR (no antenna or badly mismatched antenna), the
FORWARD and REFLECTED readings will be almost equal, while the real OUTPUT POWER (the
difference between them) will be practically zero.
The amplifier can operate safely if the following rule is obeyed: "REFLECTED POWER < 300W".
Matching is assured for loads with VSWR up to 3:1. Nevertheless, for some loads and bands
matching is possible at even higher VSWR. The maximum usable forward power at VSWR 3:1
is 1200W with 300W reflected. For higher than 300W reflected power you'll get the **
REFLECTED POWER ** soft-fault protection trip. For instance, this can happen at full-scale
I500W forward and 375W reflected power, into an antenna having a VSWR of 3:1 or worse.
CAUTION
Using a feeder of coaxial cable at VSWR > 3:1 on HF, and particularly on
the and 6 meters bands, is not recommended. At such high values of
VSWR, the high voltages, high currents, and heat associated with line
losses, risk to permanently damage your coaxial cable or antenna switch.
Update amplifier tuning when you change the band or between CW and SSB segments within
the same band. Update it each time when you change the antenna, even in the same band, as
well as periodically, even though you may have not changed band or antenna. Be on the alert
in particular when a significant change in the environment occurs (snow, ice, newly appeared
or removed massive objects, alien wires nearby etc.) that would cause significant changes in
the antenna impedance and eventually an increased VSWR.
NOTE
If you use more than one antenna per band, it is necessary that you select the proper
antenna BEFORE the next step. Retune after selecting a different antenna for the same
band, since the impedances may differ substantially (unless their VSWR is excellent,
i.e. below I.2:I for both).
CAUTION
Do not switch the BAND switch knob while transmitting with the amplifier! Hot
switching (while transmitting) will eventually destroy the band switch, not covered by
the warranty!
CAUTION
When tuning, do not apply continuous drive longer than 3 minutes and after that
pause I-2 minutes for tube cooling.
15
We recommend that you tune-up at the center frequencies of the preferred frequency band.
First select the band switch and the correct antenna number (never with RF applied!). Then
use table 4-I in order to achieve an approximate preset for both TUNE capacitor and LOAD
capacitor knobs:
Band, MH z
Tune Knob Dial
Load Knob Dial
1.8 - 2
62 - 30
65 - 38
3.5 - 4
59 - 40
72 - 53
7 - 7.3
57 - 55
65 - 60
10.1 - 10.2
15 - 14
27 - 26
14 - 14.35
60 - 50
32 - 30
18 - 18.2
70 - 68
67 - 65
21 - 21.45
19 - 15
47 - 44
24.9 - 25
67 - 66
60 - 59
28 - 29.7
26 - 12
46 - 39
50 - 54
32 - 13
24 - 20
Table 4-I. Approximate tuning presets
b) Selecting the plate-load True Resistance Indicator (TRI) tuning aid.
You may select TRI scale in three different ways:
- By pressing simultaneously the PREV+NEXT buttons shortly. This will insert a 6dB
attenuator between the driver and the amplifier's input (the ATT LED will light), so you'll not
need to reduce the drive power during tuning. Press PREV+NEXT buttons momentarily again
to switch the attenuator off the input and to return to the old screen. If you use any of PREV
or NEXT buttons only, the attenuator would be switched off too, but the information screen
would change to respectively previous or next.
- By pressing repeatedly either PREV or NEXT button (whichever is nearest), until you reach
the TRI scale. This will not insert the attenuator, so you'll have to use less than 20W drive
(unless the amplifier is near correct tuning), otherwise the next step would be executed
automatically:
- By simply applying a normal working (60-85W) drive power, while the amplifier is not yet
tuned. This will automatically invoke the TRI tuning aid and will insert the input attenuator
(the ATT LED will light) after one second. The attenuator will be switched off, and the old
screen will be returned automatically, after you release the PTT shortly. If you have achieved
meanwhile a nearly good tuning, the attenuator would not be inserted again. If the old screen
was the same (TRI, selected manually earlier), you'll then be able to precisely tune the
amplifier also at nominal power, without changing drive at all. Use this hint to shorten the
tuning process duration.
c) Tuning Procedure.
While a continuous (CW) signal at the desired frequency is still applied:
- Look at the upper scale (forward power); obtain maximum power using the upper (TUNE)
knob;
- Look at the lower (Load Cap) scale and turn the lower (LOAD) knob in order to center the
triangle marker at the "!" mark.
- Release the PTT shortly in order to disable the attenuator, then repeat both steps at
nominal power. - Always finish by peaking with the TUNE knob.
16
NOTE
Appearance of an arrow on either left or right TRI scale edges means
that the LOAD knob is too far from the proper position. To correct
this, turn the LOAD knob to the prompted direction until the triangle
marker appears inside the scale field.
_____!_____
no marker:
use TUNE knob for
max. P to get any
marker.
IIII
> ____!_____
marker is a far left:
turn LOAD knob
pointer to right until
marker inside.
IIIIIIIIIII
_____!____<
marker is a far right:
turn LOAD knob
pointer to left until
marker inside.
IIIIIII
_____!__v___
marker inside:
turn LOAD knob
slightly left to
center it.
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
_____v_____
LOAD is tuned:
turn TUNE knob to
peak Forward
Power & finish.
Fig. 4-I. Using TRI tuning aid
Please note also, that the TRI mark will not appear until at least 5W drive is applied, and at
least 20W forward power is achieved.
If, for some reason, matching cannot be accomplished successfully, check the BAND switch
position and proper antenna selection. Then check the antenna VSWR at the same drive
frequency.
d) Tuning hints.
While turning the knobs, you'll note that both tunings would be virtually independent. This is
a benefit of the TRI. The plate-load resistance increases to the right and decreases to the left
of the TRI center.
The scale center corresponds to the proper LOAD capacitor tuning, which presents an
optimum load resistance to the tube.
If you tune to the right, you'll obtain more gain, but less undistorted output power will be
attainable. You may prefer to use this hint when your drive power is insufficient or when you
need less output but better efficiency, for instance at heavy duty modes (RTTY, SSTV etc)
where less heat is wanted (not only in the amplifier but also in the transceiver).
Tuning to the left of the center would lead to the opposite: less gain and more power
attainable. Of course, this requires more drive power, more plate current, and more plate
heat, which shortens tube's- expected life, as its cathode would be faster exhausted.
You might use the off-center tuning hint also to compensate for mains voltage variations in
order to maintain tube efficiency: tune to the right when mains is higher, or tune to the left if
it's lower than the nominal voltage. Please see S.2-2 (Line Voltage Selection) for more than
5% difference from the nominal.
4-5. ON LINE Information Screens and Control Functions.
a) Besides the Warming Up and TRI (described above in S.4-1, S.4-3 and S.4-4), you have 12
more Information screens available. They are as follows: Forward Power, Reflected Power,
Output Power (difference between forward and reflected), Antenna VSWR, Drive RF Power, RF
Power Gain, Plate Current, High Voltage, Plate RF Peak, Screen Current, DC Power Input
(product of plate current and high voltage), and Exhaust Air Temperature (Celsius and
Fahrenheit scales). You can use them to monitor the technical state of the amplifier and the
associated parameters in a digital form.
Selection is made by the PREV and NEXT buttons. You may change them in a closed loop,
while the amplifier is used and controlled in operate and standby modes, changes transmit
and receive, without any influence by the measurement process.
17
b) You can control the display brightness, Auto-Operate feature, and antenna outputs
assignment also while ON LINE. In order to enter the control menu press the PREV+NEXT
buttons simultaneously and hold them for two seconds. Further proceed as described for
OFF LINE mode below - see S.5-1, S.5-2, and S.5-3 for details.
4-6. Auto-Protection System
When any abnormal condition is detected, the amplifier will evaluate the risk and may use
three different degrees of protection, depending on the nature of the problem. Each event is
accompanied by a text telling you the reason. The VFD brightness is flashed meanwhile in
order to attract the operator's attention.
a) The first degree of protection is issuing a warning message only, without any influence on
the transmitting process. This might be for instance "Reduce Drive", "Plate Current", etc. You
could continue to transmit under such conditions but you are close to a trip threshold.
b) The second degree of protection is a trip in standby mode (Soft Fault). You'll get an
appropriate message, for instance ** GRID CURRENT **. All Soft-Fault messages are marked
with two asterisks on both screen edges. The message remains on the display until you press
any button (or auto-operate function returns to operate mode automatically). The Soft Faults
are of such kind where you can correct exploitation conditions operatively (using less drive,
improving antenna VSWR, etc).
c) The third degree of protection is a trip to OFF LINE mode (Auto-Protection).
You'll get the corresponding signature (see S.6-5 - Troubleshooting). If you cannot guess
what the reason is, you may try to turn the amplifier on again in order to check whether it's
not an accidental condition. If the problem persists, you'll need to contact your dealer - see
S.I-2.
NOTE
The 6dB input attenuator is automatically inserted about one second after
a bad tuning is detected at drive levels above 20W. It is switched off at
every PTT release (unless inserted manually).
18
5. OFF LINE MODE
There are two control functions and I4 information screens available in this state of the
amplifier. You can control the VFD brightness, enable/disable the Auto-Operate feature, and
assign the antenna outputs. You can also list the auto - protection signatures. The tube is
not powered at all (only the micro-controller is active) during these operations.
5-1. Display brightness control
Press the PREV+NEXT buttons simultaneously and the “Brightness=…" screen will appear on
the bottom line. Use the NEXT button to control the display brightness in steps from 1 to 4.
Press shortly the PREV+NEXT buttons in order to reach the auto-operate function (see next
S.5-2), or leave the buttons unused for 20 seconds if you want to accept these selections
only (in order not to change Auto-Operate inadvertently).
5-2. Auto-Operate enabling and disabling
When enabled, this function will maintain the amplifier in OPER MODE automatically - see
also S.4-2. The OPER button will be still functional anyway, so you'll be able to change to
STANDBY and return back to OPERATE mode manually when you want at any time. The
auto-operate function will be disabled temporarily when you enter STANDBY mode but it will
be restored after you return to OPERATE by the OPER button.
After having selected the display brightness, (see the previous S.5-I) you may keep on
pressing the PREV+NEXT buttons in order to enable or disable the Auto-Operate feature. The
"Auto Operate = ..." screen will appear on the bottom line. Use the PREV button to select OFF
or the button NEXT to select ON.
Press shortly the PREV+NEXT buttons again in order to reach the last control function – the
antenna outputs assignment (see the next S. 5-3). Alternatively, you may leave the buttons
unused for 20 seconds if you want to exit this menu without exciting it. In any case, the
selections made so far will be memorized.
5-3. Antenna outputs assignment
If there is no antenna connected to an antenna output it could be disabled. This will make the
switching between two available antennas easier and, which is more important, will prevent
inadvertent no load transmissions.
In order to enable or disable an antenna output, press shortly PREV+NEXT buttons
successively until the “ Ant:(1-…) 2-…3-…” screen appears. Using the button ANT, move the
brackets to enclose the antenna output you want to disable or enable. Press the PREV button
to disable or NEXT to enable it. Press PREV+NEXT shortly again to confirm the antenna
outputs assignment and leave the menu.
NOTE
All selections you make are stored in the amplifier nonvolatile memory to
be used also thereafter. If no button is pressed within 20 seconds, the
selections made so far are accepted and the control function is left
automatically.
5-4. Reading Auto-protection Signatures
On every Hard Fault protection trip of the amplifier, signature information is stored in its
nonvolatile memory. The 7 most recent auto-protection trip signatures related to the
amplifier internal status are stored there, which you can copy and forward to your dealer for
diagnostics.
19
In order to read them press the OPER button while OFF LINE. The display will light at full
brightness and you'll see the beginning of the signatures list. Use NEXT and PREV buttons to
navigate through 7 pairs of screens. For each auto-protection trip there is a pair of
information screens, beginning with nA... and nB... where:
- "n" is the successive number of the event (nr.I is the latest, nr.7 is the oldest one);
- A and B mark the first and the second part of an information screen pair.
Two lines, three groups by six symbols (36 symbols in total) are to be copied concerning
every one of the 7 memorized events, from IA-IB through 7A-7B.
To decode the signatures please see S.6-5 (Troubleshooting).
NOTE
After every signature listing the tube warm-up time is reset to I80
seconds regardless of the time being in OFF LINE state.
6. MAINTENANCE
NOTE
If the characters on the VFD are dim, please follow the method of Display
brightness control described in S.5-1.
6-1. Cleaning
W A R N IN G
Do not use solvents for cleaning - they may be dangerous both for
you and for the amplifier paint or plastics.
Do not open the amplifier. Cleaning of the amplifier outer surface can be done with a piece of
soft cotton cloth lightly moistened with clean water.
6-2. Fuses Replacement
If it is necessary to replace the mains fuses, use only standard ones.
The two Primary Mains Fuses of the amplifier are located on the rear panel (Fig. 2-I). They are
of the fast (quick blow) type, 1-1/4 x 1/4 inch Cartridge Fuses, Size "0". Use 20 A for
100-120 VAC operation. Use 16 A for 200-240 VAC operation (15 A standard is also
admissible).
Besides the primary fuses, on the MAINS PCB (inside the amplifier) there are three more,
small glass fuses (5x20 mm European size):
- one piece of I00 mA 250VAC normal blow, and
- two pieces of 2 A 250VAC slow-blow type.
These fuses should not be replaced by the user. Should one of these fuses be blown, it may
be indicative of other failures. This is a complex and potentially dangerous operation. For
this reason, we recommend this work be carried out by a trained service technician.
6-3. Tube Replacement
A single 4CX1000A/8168 ceramic and metal tetrode is employed in the amplifier.
Replacement is a complex and potentially dangerous operation. For this reason, we
recommend this work be carried out by a trained service technician.
20
6-4. The ACOM1500 Simplified Schematic Diagram
• See Fig.6-I ACOM1500 Simplified Schematic Diagram. * The 4CX1000A/8168 ceramic
and metal radial beam tetrode (V1) with plate dissipation of 1000W is grid-driven. It can
dissipate up to 1000W when forced air cooled and is specifically designed for class AB1 RF
linear amplifiers.
The input signal from the RF INPUT jack is passed through a broadband input matching
circuit, which comprises some components in the INPUT PCB and Rsw. This circuit tunes out
the tube input capacitance. The swamping resistor Rsw is a termination load for this circuit
and can dissipate up to I00W of RF drive power.
Cathode resistors Rc create DC and RF negative feedback, thus stabilizing the gain and
equalizing the frequency response. The varistor VSsg in the screen grid circuit protects the
tube and the screen grid voltage regulator in the events of an internal tube flashover.
The combination LpI-RpI in the plate circuit is a VHF/UHF parasitic suppressor. DC plate
voltage is fed through chokes RFCI-RFC2 and the capacitor Cb3 blocks it from the output.
The output circuit comprises LPI, LP2, LL, CPI-CP3, and CLI-CL3 which form a classic Pi-L
network and suppress the harmonic frequency emissions. This tank is switched and tuned
over the bands by SIA-SIC and the air variable capacitors CPI, 2 and CLI, 2. The output signal
is fed through an additional VHF low-pass filter for frequencies above 55MHz (LfI, Lf2 and
Cf). Then it is passed through the vacuum antenna relay KI, wattmeter current transformer
TAI, and a high-pass filter RFCasw-Casw for frequencies below I00kHz, to the antenna
switch and the three outputs. The chokes RFC3 and RFCasw keep track of the antenna relay
contact conditions and together with Casw prevent the plate supply from reaching the
antenna. RFCasw shunts the high voltage to ground should the DC blocking capacitor Cb3
fail. The resistor Rasw protects the amplifier from charging Electro-static energy fed by the
antenna.
The PLATE CAPACITIVE DIVIDER and RF WATTMETER are the main sources of information for
the control circuit of the amplifier during the antenna impedance matching process. The
control circuit is based on the 80C552 micro-controller from Philips.
All suupply voltages are delivered from the MAINS&LOW VOLTAGE and HIGH VOLTAGE
SUPPLY PCBs. The control grid, screen grid, and plate currents, plate cooling airflow
temperature, reflected power etc. are permanently monitored. Many software-derived
protections are based on this information.
* Detailed electrical schematic diagrams are available from ACOM or from your dealer on
request.
6-5. Troubleshooting
See S.5-4 for the method of reading the auto-protection signatures. You can decode them
using the information below. *
The signatures are structured in two lines, three groups by six symbols for every one event of
auto- protection. The last event is numbered as IA-IB pair of lines, and the oldest one is
7A-7B.
The meaning of the first group is as follows:
a) nA - the number of the trip;
b) Next three symbols mean the following:
PN0 - tests made during Power-On procedure, before HV is ON;
PN2 - tests made during Power-On procedure, after HV is ON and one second after
step-start is closed;
21
SB0 - tests made in Stand-By, during the warm-up period or while entering Stand By (from
Operate); SB2 - tests made during Stand-By, after the warm-up period;
PR0 - tests made while entering Operate;
PR2 - tests made during Operate;
TR0 - antenna relay tests made while changing from Tx to Rx (during Operate)
TR2 - antenna relay tests made while changing from Rx to Tx (during Operate)
TR4 - antenna relay tests made during Tx (Operate mode)
TR6 - antenna relay tests made during Rx (Operate mode)
c) The last symbol of the first group designates the kind of the input parameter, which
caused the protection to trip. The abbreviations in brackets below are the signal
names/designations according to the CONTROL PCB electrical schematic diagram and
signal type:
1 - peak forward power (pfwd, analogue)
2 - reflected power (rfl, analogue)
3 - input (drive) power (inp, analogue)
4 - peak anode alternate voltage (paav, analogue)
5 - screen grid current (g2c, analogue)
6 - plate current (ipm, analogue)
7 - high voltage (hvm, analogue)
8 - exhaust air temperature (temp, analogue)
9 - drive power exists (*GRIDRF,
logic)
A - antenna power exists (*PANT,
logic) B - output relay closed (ORC,
logic)
C - arc fault (ARCF, logic)
D - control grid current too high (GIC, logic)
E - +24VDC power supply error (PSE, logic)
F - low airflow (LAIR, logic)
For instance, "IATR4B" in the first group would mean that the last auto-protection (IA)
tripped by the antenna relay tests made during Tx - Operate mode (TR4), and the "output
relay closed - ORC" signal was failing (B).
The next five groups of symbols carry information about the analogue and logic values as
measured by the micro-controller at the moment of auto-protection trip.
22
* Additional information is available from ACOM or from your dealer on how to interpret
these values. Using an EXCEL APPLICATION (available from ACOM or your dealer free of
charge) and a PC, you can decode these signatures by yourself.
In case it is necessary to ship the amplifier please see S.7-3.
7. SPECIFICATIONS
7-1. Parameters
a) Frequency Coverage: All amateur bands I.8-54MHz, extensions and/or changes on
request.
b) Power Output: I500W PEP or 1200W continuous carrier, no mode limit.
In continuous carrier modes (RTTY etc.) for transmissions longer than I5 minutes (up to
several hours depending on ambient temperature), the external auxiliary fan must be
installed.
c) Intermodulation Distortion: Better than 35dB below PEP rated output.
d) Hum and noise: Better than 40dB below rated output.
e) Harmonic Output Suppression:
I.8-29.7MHz - better than 50dB below rated output, 50-54MHz - better than 66dB below
rated output.
f) Input and Output Impedances:
- Nominal value: 50 Ohm unbalanced, UHF (SO239) type connectors;
- Input circuit: broadband, VSWR less than I.3:I, I.8-54MHz continuously (no tunings, no
switching);
- Bypass path VSWR less than I.I:I, I.8-54MHz continuously;
- Output (antenna) impedance matching capability: VSWR up to 3:I or higher.
g) RF Gain: 12.5dB typically, frequency response less than I dB (60-85W drive power for rated
output).
23
h) Primary Power: I00-264V (I00, II0,I20, 200, 2I0, 220, 230 & 240V nominal taps, +I0% -I5%
tol.), 50-60Hz, single phase, 3500VA consumption at rated output.
i) Complies with CE safety and electromagnetic compatibility requirements as well as
FCC-regulations (I0 & I2m bands lock provided).
l) Size & Weight (operating): W422mm x D355mm x HI95mm, 26.5kg.
(I6.6 x I4 x 7.7 inches, 58.4 Lbs)
m) Operating environments:
- Temperature range: 0...+50 degs. Celsius;
- Humidity: up to 95% @ +35 degs. Celsius.
- Height: up to 3000m (I0 000 ft.) above sea level without output deterioration.
7-2. Functions
a) Antenna Impedance Matching Process: plate-load True Resistance Indicator (TRI) aided.
b) Three antenna outputs selectable by a button on the front panel.
c) T/R System: QSK operation with built-in, vacuum RF antenna relay (special quiet
installation).
d) Protections:
- Cover interlock for operator's safety;
- Inrush power-on current control;
- High voltage, control grid, screen grid, and plate currents;
- Exhaust air temperature;
- T/R sequencing;
- Antenna relay contacts, including RF power induced in antenna from another nearby
transmitter;
- Antenna matching quality;
- Reflected power;
- RF arcs, including in antenna system;
- Overdrive.
e) Signatures of the amplifier internal status are stored in a nonvolatile memory for the 7
most recent auto protection trips.
f) High brightness 5x7 dot character vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) with bargraph for
forward peak power and text messages to the operator.
g) Measurement and constant monitoring of I2 most important amplifier parameters via VFD.
h) Menu-selectable display Brightness.
24
i) Tube: a single 4CX1000A/8168 ceramic and metal radial beam tetrode with plate
dissipation of 1000W (forced air cooled, grid-driven), specifically designed for class AB1 RF
linear amplifiers.
7-3. Storage and Shipment
C A U T I O N
Should you need to transport the amplifier, use the original packing as
described below.
First, switch off the amplifier. Pull the mains plug out of the wall outlet. Disconnect all cables
from the rear panel of the amplifier (remove the ground connection the last). Finally, pack the
amplifier in its original carton.
a) Storage environments: the amplifier can be kept packed in dry and ventilated unheated
premises without chemically active substances (acids, alkalis etc.) in the following
climatic environment:
- Temperature range: -40 to +70 degs. Celsius;
- Humidity: up to 75% @ +35 degs. Celsius.
b) Shipping Size and Weight: W560mm x D560mm x H300mm, 29.5kg. (22 x 22 x II.8I
inches, 65 Lbs)
c) Shipping environments: all types of transportation, including aircraft baggage section
up to 12 000 meters (40 000 ft.) above sea level.
END
25

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