Axell Wireless 55-1248SERIES 55-124801 UHF Signal Booster User Manual 417352

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Tetrapol Band Selective Repeater
User Handbook
For
Coverage Solutions Corporation
AFL Works Order Nō.:Q110695
AFL product part Nō.:55-124801
Tetrapol Band Selective Repeater
User Handbook
Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-1 of 32
Table of Contents
AMENDMENT LIST RECORD SHEET....................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................5
Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Purpose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Glossary of Terms...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Key to AFL RF Module Drawing Symbols ............................................................................................................. 7
1.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.........................................................................................................8
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
3.
RF Radiation Hazard ................................................................................................................................... 8
Chemical Hazard .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Emergency Contact Numbers...................................................................................................................... 9
OVERVIEW/SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................10
SPECIFICATION ............................................................................................................................11
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.
Parts Lists.................................................................................................................................................... 11
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................... 12
Mechanical Specification............................................................................................................................ 13
SYSTEM DRAWINGS ....................................................................................................................14
4.1
4.2
5.
System Diagram.......................................................................................................................................... 14
Generic Wall-Mount Case Outline Drawing............................................................................................ 15
SUB-UNIT MODULES....................................................................................................................16
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.6
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.7
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.8
5.8.1
5.9
Bandpass Filters & Duplexer (02-007306 & 16-041401) ......................................................................... 16
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Technical Specification (02-007306)........................................................................................................ 16
Technical Specification (16-041401)........................................................................................................ 16
¼Watt 0- -30dB Switched Attenuator (10-000701).................................................................................. 17
General Application ................................................................................................................................. 17
Switched Attenuators ................................................................................................................................ 17
Low Noise Amplifiers (11-007302 & 11-007402)...................................................................................... 17
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Technical Specification, 11-007302 ......................................................................................................... 17
Technical Specification, 11-007402 ......................................................................................................... 18
1Watt Low Power Amplifier (11-007901)................................................................................................. 18
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Technical Specifications ........................................................................................................................... 18
10W Power Amplifier (12-016302)............................................................................................................ 19
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 19
Dual DC/DC Converter (13-001803)......................................................................................................... 20
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 20
Automatic Gain Control (17-001101, det. & 17-001201, atten.)............................................................. 21
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 21
Technical Specification............................................................................................................................. 22
24V Single Relay Board (80-008902) ........................................................................................................ 22
Description ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Generic Amplifier Alarm Wiring Sketch ................................................................................................. 23
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User Handbook
Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-2 of 32
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
7.
INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................................24
Initial Installation Record.......................................................................................................................... 24
Antenna Installation & Gain Calculations ............................................................................................... 24
Antenna Isolation........................................................................................................................................ 25
Wall Mount Installations ........................................................................................................................... 26
MAINTENANCE .............................................................................................................................27
7.1
General Procedures .................................................................................................................................... 27
7.1.1
Fault Finding............................................................................................................................................ 27
7.1.2
Downlink................................................................................................................................................... 28
7.1.3
Uplink ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
7.1.4
Fault repair............................................................................................................................................... 28
7.1.5
Checking service....................................................................................................................................... 29
7.1.6
Service Support......................................................................................................................................... 29
7.2
Tools & Test Equipment ............................................................................................................................ 29
7.3
Care of Modules.......................................................................................................................................... 30
7.3.1
General Comments ................................................................................................................................... 30
7.3.2
Module Removal (LNA’s, general procedure): ........................................................................................ 30
7.3.3
Module Replacement (general): ............................................................................................................... 30
7.3.4
Power Amplifiers ...................................................................................................................................... 30
7.3.5
Low Power Amplifier Replacement .......................................................................................................... 31
7.3.6
Module Transportation: ........................................................................................................................... 31
APPENDIX A
INITIAL EQUIPMENT SET-UP CALCULATIONS.................................................32
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Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-3 of 32
AMENDMENT LIST RECORD SHEET
Issue
Nō.
Date
23/01/2004
Incorporated
by
CMH
Page No.’s
Amended
Reason for new issue
1st Issue
Document Ref:-55-124801HBKM
Tetrapol Band Selective Repeater
User Handbook
Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-4 of 32
INTRODUCTION
Scope
This handbook is for use solely with the equipment identified by the AFL Part Number
shown on the front cover. It is not to be used with any other equipment unless specifically
authorised by Aerial Facilities Limited.
Purpose
AFL recommends that the installer of this equipment familiarise his/herself with the safety
and installation procedures contained within this document before installation commences.
The purpose of this handbook is to provide the user/maintainer with sufficient information to
service and repair the equipment to the level agreed. Maintenance and adjustments to any
deeper level must be performed by AFL, normally at the company’s repair facility in
Chesham, England.
This handbook has been prepared in accordance with BS 4884, and AFL’s Quality
procedures, which maintain the company’s registration to ISO 9001: 1994 and to the R&TTE
Directive of the European Parliament. Copies of the relevant certificates and the company
Quality Manual can be supplied on application to the Quality Manager.
This document fulfils the relevant requirements of Article 6 of the R&TTE Directive.
Limitation of Information Notice
This manual is written for the use of technically competent operators/service persons. No
liability is accepted by AFL for use or misuse of this manual, the information contained
therein, or the consequences of any actions resulting from the use of the said information,
including, but not limited to, descriptive, procedural, typographical, arithmetical, or listing
errors.
Furthermore, AFL does not warrant the absolute accuracy of the information contained
within this manual, or it’s completeness, fitness for purpose, or scope.
AFL has a policy of continuous product development and enhancement, and as such,
reserves the right to amend, alter, update and generally change the contents, appearance and
pertinence of this document without notice.
All AFL products carry a twelve month warranty from date of shipment. The warranty is
expressly on a return to base repair or exchange basis and the warranty cover does not extend
to on-site repair or complete unit exchange.
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Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
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Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-5 of 32
Glossary of Terms
Repeater or
Cell Enhancer
Band Selective Repeater
Channel Selective
Repeater
BTS
C/NR
Downlink (D.L.)
Uplink (U.L.)
EMC
GND
DC
AC
ID
OIP3
LED
M.S.
N/A
N/C
NF
RF
Rx
Tx
S/N
A Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier which can simultaneously
amplify and re-broadcast Mobile Station (MS) and Base
Transceiver Station (BTS) signals.
A Cell Enhancer designed for operation on a range of channels
within a specified frequency band.
A Cell Enhancer, designed for operation on specified channel(s)
within a specified frequency band. Channel frequencies may be
factory set or on-site programmable.
Base Transceiver Station
Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
RF signals transmitted from the BTS and to the MS
RF signals transmitted from the MS to the BTS
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Ground
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Identification Number
Output Third Order Intercept Point = RFout +(C/I)/2
Light Emitting Diode
Mobile Station
Not Applicable
No Connection
Noise Figure
Radio Frequency
Receiver
Transmitter
Serial Number
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Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-6 of 32
Key to AFL RF Module Drawing Symbols
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Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-7 of 32
1.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1.1
RF Radiation Hazard
RF radiation, (especially at UHF frequencies) arising from transmitter outputs connected to
AFL’s equipment, must be considered a safety hazard.
This condition might only occur in the event of cable disconnection, or because a ‘spare’
output has been left unterminated. Either of these conditions would impair the system’s
efficiency. No investigation should be carried out until all RF power sources have been
removed. This would always be a wise precaution, despite the severe mismatch between the
impedance of an N type connector at 50Ω, and that of free space at 377Ω, which would
severely mitigate against the efficient radiation of RF power. Radio frequency burns could
also be a hazard, if any RF power carrying components were to be carelessly touched!
Antenna positions should be chosen to comply with requirements (both local & statutory)
regarding exposure of personnel to RF radiation. When connected to an antenna, the unit is
capable of producing RF field strengths, which may exceed guideline safe values especially if
used with antennas having appreciable gain. In this regard the use of directional antennas with
backscreens and a strict site rule that personnel must remain behind the screen while the RF
power is on, is strongly recommended.
Where the equipment is used near power lines, or in association with temporary masts not
having lightning protection, the use of a safety earth connected to the case-earthing bolt is
strongly advised.
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Page:-8 of 32
1.2
Chemical Hazard
Beryllium Oxide, also known as Beryllium Monoxide, or Thermalox™, is sometimes used in
devices within equipment produced by Aerial Facilities Ltd. Beryllium oxide dust can be toxic
if inhaled, leading to chronic respiratory problems. It is harmless if ingested or by contact.
Products that contain beryllium are load terminations (dummy loads) and some power
amplifiers. These products can be identified by a yellow and black “skull and crossbones”
danger symbol (shown above). They are marked as hazardous in line with international
regulations, but pose no threat under normal circumstances. Only if a component containing
beryllium oxide has suffered catastrophic failure, or exploded, will there be any danger of the
formation of dust. Any dust that has been created will be contained within the equipment
module as long as the module remains sealed. For this reason, any module carrying the yellow
and black danger sign should not be opened. If the equipment is suspected of failure, or is at
the end of its life-cycle, it must be returned to Aerial Facilities Ltd for disposal.
To return such equipment, please contact the Quality Department, who will give you a
Returned Materials Authorisation (RMA) number. Please quote this number on the packing
documents, and on all correspondence relating to the shipment.
PolyTetraFluoroEthylene, (P.T.F.E.) and P.T.F.E. Composite Materials
Many modules/components in AFL equipment contain P.T.F.E. as part of the RF insulation
barrier.
This material should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved. Any
person feeling drowsy after coming into contact with P.T.F.E. especially dust or fumes should
seek medical attention.
1.3
Emergency Contact Numbers
The AFL Quality Department can be contacted on:
Telephone
Fax
e-mail
+44 (0)1494 777000
+44 (0)1494 777002
qa@aerial.co.uk
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Page:-9 of 32
2.
OVERVIEW/SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The AFL Band Selective Cell Enhancer is a 2-way on-band repeater. Various models are
available to cover frequency bands from 50MHz to 3000MHz with power levels up to
100Watts. Its main sphere of applications is in urban areas where the topology is such that
shadows occur in the propagation pattern (for example within large buildings, conference
centres and tunnels, etc.)
The Band Selective Cell Enhancer is a 2-port device for direct connection to two antennas,
usually a highly directional Yagi or similar aligned towards the base (donor) site and an
omni-directional or leaky feeder antenna to cover the mobiles. The frequency bands that
are passed by the Cell Enhancer are set as per the specific customer requirements.
AFL manufacture a wide range of Cell Enhancers, configured for each customer's specific
requirements. Two basic physical variants are available, a rack mounted version to fit in a
standard 19" rack and an environmentally sealed wall mounted version which requires no
further enclosure.
This system consists of a bi-directional band selective, cell enhancer operating in the
390MHz band. It is housed in a wall-mounted environmentally protected (IP65) case
powered from an externally supplied 24Volt DC source. Alarms are provided for each
amplifier as a summary, volt-free relay contact pair for easy integration into an existing
alarm system. A supply isolator switch is fitted inside the unit and there are D.C. and
Alarm on indicators on the outside of the door.
An automatic gain control system is employed in the uplink path in an attempt to negate
the overloading effect from mobiles operated close the antenna.
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3.
SPECIFICATION
3.1
Parts Lists
AFL Part Nō.
02-007306
10-000701
11-007302
11-007401
11-007901
12-016302
13-001803
16-041401
17-000126
17-001101
17-001201
17-001520
17-001522
17-004730
55-019049
80-008902
80-031820
90-200004
90-400006
91-030002
91-500013
91-500015
91-500016
91-600001
91-600014
96-700034
96-700035
96-920011
96-920012
97-300028
97-400010
97-900003
99-200017
Part Description
SDF C/L5P 380MHzVAR. >5MHz TOP SMA
1/4W0-30dB SWITCHED ATTENUATOR
LNA. 380-500MHz 20dB (C/W RELAY) GA
LNA. 380-500MHz 30dB GA
AMPLIFIER TETRA 1W 37dB GAIN ASS
PA 380-470MHz 10W CLASS A
DUAL DC/DC CONVERTER 24V-12V 1A
TETRA DUPLEXER SMA/N (ant.) CONN
CELL ENHANCER LABEL 6 DIGIT
CELL ENHANCER AGC DETECTOR/AMP ASS
C/E AGC UNIT ATTENUATOR ASSY
ENCLOSURE 620 x 420 x 250 (2 H/S) ALU
BASE PLATE 560 x 345mm 17-001520&9020
ATTENUATOR MOUNTING
02-7302 FILTER MOUNTING BRACKET
24V RELAY PCB ASSEMBLY
20W PA HEATSINK (NEEDS 17-000526)
DC I/P LEADS, FREE SOCKET
ALARM LEADS
N ADAPTOR PANEL FEMALE:FEMALE
PWR 2POLE PNL PLUG SEALED IP68
PWR CON CAP SEALED with INT. THREAD
PWR 6POLE PNL PLUG SEALED IP68
'D'TYPE 9 WAY PLUG S/B TERM
'D' 9 WAY SOCKET S/B (NON FILTERED)
LED RED 5mm IP67 INTEGRAL RES. 24V
LED GREEN 5mm IP67 INTEGRAL RES 24V
PROXIMITY SWITCH
PROXIMITY SWITCH MAGNET
DC BOX 24V ATO TYPE 2 ASSEMBLY
BLACK PLASTIC HANDLE 37311
RUBBER FOOT 1 1:2' DIA.
CAUTION HEAVY LABEL 75 x 55mm
Qty.
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Page:-11 of 32
3.2
Technical Specification
PARAMETER
SPECIFICATION
Frequency range: 380-425MHz (Downlink)
390-435MHz (Uplink)
Bandwidth: 45MHz
Gain: >90dB
Gain Adjustment: 0 – 15dB (in 1dB step)
Uplink Power: >10Watts
Downlink Power: >10Watts
IP3: +52dBm
1dB Compression point: +40dBm
Noise Figure: <5dB
AGC: Fitted in Uplink path
VSWR: better than 1.5:1
RF Connectors: N type, female
Power Supply: 24V DC @ 8A
operational: -10°C to +55°C
Temperature range:
storage: -40°C to +70°C
PSU
Alarms Fitted:
Amplifiers
(volt-free contacts/TTL)
Door Intrusion
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3.3
Mechanical Specification
Height: 620mm
Case size
Width: 420mm
Depth: 250mm
(excluding heatsinks, connectors, handles and feet)
Fixings: 4 holes on 670(w) x 457(h)mm
operational: -10°C to +55°C
Temperature
Range:
storage: -40°C to +70°C
Weight: >50kg
RF Connectors: N type female
Environmental Protection: IP65 (with door closed and all ports terminated
Case: To RAL 7032
Finish:
Heatsinks: Matt black (where fitted)
Handles: Black Technopolymer
Unit supplied with suitable supply input leads
Supply Cable: with connector and appropriate length of
cable.
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4.
SYSTEM DRAWINGS
System Diagram
4.1
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4.2
Generic Wall-Mount Case Outline Drawing
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5.
SUB-UNIT MODULES
5.1
Bandpass Filters & Duplexer (02-007306 & 16-041401)
5.1.1
Description
The bandpass filters are multi-section designs with a bandwidth dependent upon the
passband frequencies, (both tuned to customer requirements). The response shape is basically
Chebyshev with a passband design ripple of 0.1dB. The filters are of combline design, and
are carefully aligned during manufacture in order to optimise the insertion loss, VSWR and
intermodulation characteristics of the unit. The tuned elements are silver-plated to reduce
surface ohmic losses and maintain a good VSWR figure and 50Ω load at the input and output
ports.
No adjustments should be attempted without full network sweep analysis facilities to monitor
both insertion loss and VSWR simultaneously.
5.1.2
Technical Specification (02-007306)
PARAMETER
Response type:
Frequency range:
Bandwidth:
Number of sections:
Insertion loss:
VSWR:
Connectors:
Power handling:
operation:
Temperature range
storage:
Weight:
Size:
5.1.3
SPECIFICATION
Chebyshev
350 – 500MHz (tuned to spec.)
>5.0 MHz (tuned to spec.)
1.2 dB
better than 1.2:1
SMA
100W max
-10°C to +55°C
-40°C to +70°C
3 kg
266 x 143 x 39.5mm
Technical Specification (16-041401)
RX Pass Band:
TX Pass Band:
Bandwidth:
Channel Separation:
Insertion Loss:
Rejection (between channels)
380-385MHz
390-395MHz
5 MHz
5 MHz
< 1.8 dB
>70 dB
>50 dB (+2.5MHz low band 2.5MHz high band)
> 20 dB (at all ports)
20W
SMA (Tx/Rx ports)
N type (Antenna ports)
<6kg
Rejection at crossover:
Return Loss:
Power Handling (CW):
Connectors:
Weight:
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5.2
¼Watt 0- -30dB Switched Attenuator (10-000701)
5.2.1
General Application
In many practical applications for Cell Enhancers etc., the gain in each path is found to be
excessive. Therefore, provision is made within the unit for the setting of attenuation in each
path, to reduce the gain.
5.2.2
Switched Attenuators
The AFL switched attenuators are available in two different types; 0 – 30dB in 2 dB steps (as
in this case), or 0 – 15dB in 1 dB steps. The attenuation is simply set using the four miniature
toggle switches on the top of each unit. Each switch is clearly marked with the attenuation it
provides, and the total attenuation in line is the sum of the values switched in. They are
designed to maintain an accurate 50Ω impedance over their operating frequency at both input
and output.
5.3
Low Noise Amplifiers (11-007302 & 11-007402)
5.3.1
Description
The low noise amplifiers used are double stage solid-state low-noise amplifiers. Class A
circuitry is used in the units to ensure excellent linearity over a very wide dynamic range.
The two active devices are very moderately rated to provide a long trouble-free working life.
There are no adjustments on these amplifies, and in the unlikely event of failure then the
entire amplifier should be replaced.
5.3.2
Technical Specification, 11-007302
PARAMETER
Frequency range:
Bandwidth:
Gain:
1dB Compression Point:
3rd order intercept:
Input/Output return loss:
Noise figure:
Connectors:
Supply:
operational:
Temperature range:
storage:
Weight:
Size:
SPECIFICATION
380-500MHz
<140MHz
20-22dB
+23.5dB (typical)
+36dB (typical)
>20dB
<1.3dB
SMA female
200-230mA @ 24V DC
-10°C to +55°C
-30°C to +70°C
<300gm
90 x 55 x 30.2 (case only)
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5.3.3
Technical Specification, 11-007402
PARAMETER
Frequency range:
Bandwidth:
Gain:
1dB Compression Point:
3rd order intercept:
Input/Output return loss:
Noise figure:
Connectors:
Supply:
Weight:
Size:
operation:
Temperature range:
storage:
SPECIFICATION
380-500MHz
<140MHz
30-32dB
+22dBm (typical)
+34-35dBm (typical)
>20dB
<1.3dB
SMA female
300-330mA @ 24V DC
<300gm
90 x 55 x 30.2 (case only)
-10°C to +55°C
-30°C to +70°C
5.4
1Watt Low Power Amplifier (11-007901)
5.4.1
Description
This amplifier is designed as a 1.0 W driver from 380 MHz to 470 MHz for the 10W output
amplifier. It is a 2 stage amplifier where each stage is in balanced configuration. It
demonstrates very high linearity and good input/output VSWR. There is a Current Fault
Alarm Function, which indicates failure of each one of the RF transistors by various alarm
output options. The amplifier is housed in an aluminium case (Alocrom 1200 finish) with
SMA connectors for the RF input/output and a 9way D-type connector for DC and alarm
outputs.
5.4.2
Technical Specifications
PARAMETER
Frequency range:
Small signal gain:
Gain flatness:
Gain vs. temperature:
operational:
Temperature range:
storage:
Input/output return loss:
Maximum output power:
OIP3:
Supply voltage:
Current consumption:
Noise Figure:
SPECIFICATION
380-470MHz
37.5dB
±0.5dB
1.5dB
-10°C to +55°C
-40°C to +70°C
18dB
30.4dBm (@ 1dB comp. point)
43dBm
10-15V DC
780mA (typical)
<1.75dB
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5.5
10W Power Amplifier (12-016302)
5.5.1
Description
This amplifier is a Class A 10W power amplifier from 380MHz to 470MHz in a 1 stage
balanced configuration. It demonstrates a very high linearity and a very good input/output
return loss (RL). It has a built-in Current Fault Alarm Function.
Its housing is an aluminium case (Alocrom 1200 finish) with SMA connectors for the RF
input/output and a D-Type connector for the power supply and the Current Fault Alarm
Function.
5.5.2
Technical Specification
PARAMETER
Frequency range:
Small signal gain:
Gain flatness:
I/O Return loss:
1dB compression point:
OIP3:
Supply voltage:
Supply current:
operational:
Temperature range
storage:
Weight:
SPECIFICATION
380-470MHz
23dB
±1.7dB
>18dB
+40dBm
+52dBm
24V DC
2.6Amps (Typical)
-10°C to +55°C
-30°C to +70°C
<2kg (no heatsink)
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5.6
Dual DC/DC Converter (13-001803)
5.6.1
Description
This unit is employed where it is necessary to derive two fixed voltage power supply rails
from some higher voltage. Typically it is used to derive 5, 8, 12 or 15V from a 24V input.
The circuit is based upon a pair of LM257 series variable voltage regulators (LM2576, 12 &
15V & LM2575, 5V), which are each capable of supplying an absolute maximum of 1.5A
output current. Note that at full output current, the dissipation of the device must remain
within design limits, bearing in mind the voltage which is being dropped across it. The
maximum allowable dissipation will also depend on the efficiency of the heatsink on which
the device is mounted.
5.6.2
Technical Specification
PARAMETER
Operating Voltage:
Output Voltage:
Output Current:
Connections:
Temperature
operational:
Range
storage
PCB Size:
SPECIFICATION
21 – 27V DC
12V & 12V (typical)
1.0A (maximum per o/p)
Screw Terminal Block
-10%C to +55%C
-40%C to +70%C
85 x 63mm
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5.7
Automatic Gain Control (17-001101, det. & 17-001201, atten.)
5.7.1
Description
The equipment is fitted with an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) system. This is generally
fitted in the Uplink path (not usually needed in the downlink path, as the signal here is at an
almost constant level), to avoid overloading the amplifiers (with the associated performance
degradation) should a mobile be operated very close to the unit.
The AFL Automatic Gain Control system consists of two units, a detector/amplifier and an
attenuator. The detector/amplifier unit is inserted in the RF path on the output of the power
amplifier, and the attenuator is situated in the RF path between the 1st and 2nd stages of
amplification.
Normally the attenuator is at minimum attenuation. The detector/amplifier unit monitors the
RF level being delivered by the power amplifier, and when a certain threshold is reached it
begins to increase the value of the attenuator to limit the RF output to the (factory set)
threshold. Therefore overloading of the power amplifier is avoided.
The factory set threshold is 1dB below the Enhancer 1dB compression point. Some
adjustment of this AGC threshold level is possible, a 10dB range is mostly achieved. It is not
recommended under any circumstances to adjust the AGC threshold to a level greater than
the 1dB compression point as system degradation will occur.
The detector comprises of a 50Ω transmission line with a resistive tap which samples a small
portion of the mainline power. The sampled signal is amplified and fed to a conventional
half wave diode rectifier, the output of which is a DC voltage proportional to the RF input
signal.
This DC voltage is passed via an inverting DC amplifier with integrating characteristics, to
the output, which drives the attenuation control line of the corresponding AGC attenuator.
This unit is fitted at some earlier point in the RF circuit.
The unit contains a 12V DC regulator in the detector module, which supplies stabilised
voltage to the DC amplifier and via an external cableform to the AGC attenuator.
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For small signals, below AGC onset, the output control line will be close to 12V and the
AGC attenuator will have minimum attenuation. As the signal level increases the control line
voltage will fall, increasing the attenuator value and keeping the system output level at a
constant value.
The AGC onset level is adjusted by the choice of sampler resistor R1 and by the setting of
potentiometer VR1.
The attenuator comprises a 50Ω P.I.N diode, voltage-variable attenuator with a range of 3 to
30dB. The attenuation is controlled by a DC voltage which is derived from the associated
AGC detector unit.
5.7.2
Technical Specification
PARAMETER
Frequency range:
Attenuation range:
Attenuation steps:
VSWR:
RF Connectors:
Power
Attenuator:
Handling:
Detector/amp:
Temperature
operation:
Range:
storage:
Attenuator pcb:
Size:
Detector/amp pcb
Attenuator:
Weight:
Detector/amp:
5.8
24V Single Relay Board (80-008902)
5.8.1
Description
SPECIFICATION
up to 1000MHz
3 to 30dB
continuously variable
better than 1.2:1
SMA female
1W
>30W (or as required)
-10°C to +55°C
-40°C to +70°C
50 x 42 x 21mm
54 x 42 x 21mm
90gm
100gm
The General Purpose Relay Board allows the inversion of signals and the isolation of
circuits. It is equipped with a single dual pole change-over relay RL1, with completely
isolated wiring, accessed via a 15 way in-line connector.
The relay is provided with polarity protection diodes and diodes for suppressing the
transients caused by "flywheel effect" which can destroy switching transistors or induce
spikes on neighbouring circuits. It’s common use is to amalgamate all the alarm signals
into one, volts-free relay contact pair for the main alarm system.
Note that the board is available for different voltages (12 or 24V) depending on the type
of relay fitted at RL1.
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Date:-22/01/2004
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5.9
Generic Amplifier Alarm Wiring Sketch
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6.
INSTALLATION
6.1
Initial Installation Record
When this equipment is initially commissioned, please use the equipment set-up record sheet
in Appendix A. This will help both the installation personnel and AFL should these figures
be needed for future reference or diagnosis.
6.2
Antenna Installation & Gain Calculations
1 Most Cell Enhancers require two antennas, one a highly directional Yagi or similar
directed towards the donor cell base station, and one a leaky feeder, omni-directional antenna
or Yagi to cover the area in which the mobiles are to be served.
2 The maximum gain at which the Cell Enhancer can be set is limited by the isolation that
can be achieved between these two antennas. Therefore when the antennas have been
installed, inject a signal (at a known power level) into one of them and measure the signal
level received by the other antenna on a spectrum analyser. The isolation can then be
calculated as the difference between these two figures. The gain in each path of the Cell
Enhancer should be set at least 10 dB below this figure, using attenuators as described below
in paragraph 5.
3 Also measure the received signal from the donor cell at the input to the Cell Enhancer
(base port). The gain of the Cell Enhancer downlink path should be set such the donor site
will not overload the Cell Enhancer amplifiers. It is recommended that the input level should
be less than -50dBm at the input of the Cell Enhancer (Base Port). (This figure is assuming
maximum gain, and may be increased by the value of the attenuator fitted in the downlink
path.)
4 Ensure that the mobile facing antenna has at least 70 dB isolation from the nearest mobile.
(This is usually easily achieved when using a leaky feeder.)
5 The Cell Enhancer gain is set by setting the attenuation in each path (uplink and
downlink) between the first two amplifier stages (see markings within the Cell Enhancer or
layout drawings for the exact attenuator locations). Note that the uplink (mobile to base) and
downlink (base to mobile) path gains are set independently. This allows the paths to have
different gains if required to set the correct output power levels.
6 It is recommended that the gains are set such that the Downlink channel output levels
from the Cell Enhancer are typically +30dBm per channel
(Input level + Gain = Output level).
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6.3
A).
Antenna Isolation
First set up the two antennas & measure the isolation between them.
Yagi
Yagi or leaky feeder
Measure Isolation
Between antennas
Mobiles
Base Site
B) Install the Cell Enhancer with its gain set 10dB below the isolation
figure obtained above.
Yagi
Yagi or leaky feeder
Base Port
Mobile Port
Cell Enhancer
Base Site (donor)
Mobile
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6.4
Wall Mount Installations
The procedure for installing and commissioning a wall-mounted Bi-Directional Amplifier
unit is generally as follows:
1 Fix the unit in the chosen position. Ensure the mounting site is a straight, smooth, dry,
perpendicular surface (brick or concrete recommended).
Fix the two antennas and connect them to the BDA.
Connect a suitable mains and/or battery power supply to the unit.
Calculate the attenuation settings required for the uplink and the downlink paths, and set
the attenuators as described elsewhere in this document. (5.1.3)
Switch the BDA mains on with the small switch located inside the unit on the lower right
hand side of the case.
Make test calls via the equipment to ensure correct operation, if possible monitoring the
signal levels during these calls to ensure that the uplink and downlink RF levels are as
anticipated.
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7.
MAINTENANCE
7.1
General Procedures
7.1.1
Fault Finding
In the event that the performance of the system is suspect, a methodical and logical approach
to the problem will reveal the cause of the difficulty. The System consists of modules within
a wall mounted, environmentally protected enclosure
Transmissions from the main base stations are passed though the system to the mobile radio
equipment; this could be a handheld radio or a transceiver in a vehicle. This path is referred
to as the downlink. The return signal path from the mobile radio equipment to the base
station is referred to as the uplink.
The first operation is to check the alarms of each of the active units and determine that the
power supplies to the equipment are connected and active.
This can be achieved remotely (via CEMS, the RS232 Coverage Enhancement Management
System, if fitted), or locally with the front LED’s. The green LED on the front door should be
illuminated, while the red alarm indicator should be off.
If an Alarm is on, then that individual module must be isolated and individually tested
against the original test specification.
The individual amplifier units within the shelf have a green LED showing through a hole in
their piggy-back alarm board, which is illuminated if the unit is working correctly.
If an amplifier is suspect, check the DC power supply to the unit. If no other fault is apparent
use a spectrum analyser to measure the incoming signal level at the input and then after
reconnecting the amplifier input, measure the output level. Consult with the system diagram
(sect. 4.1) to determine the expected gain and compare result.
In the event that there are no alarms on and all units appear to be functioning it will be
necessary to test the whole unit in a systematic manner to confirm correct operation.
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7.1.2
Downlink
Confirm that there is a signal at the expected frequency and strength from the base station. If
this is not present then the fault may lay outside the system. To confirm this, inject a
downlink frequency signal from a known source at the master site BTS input and check for
output at the remote site feeder output.
If a signal is not received at the output it will be necessary to follow the downlink path
through the system to find a point at which the signal is lost. The expected downlink output
for the given input can be found in the end-to-end test specification.
7.1.3
Uplink
Testing the uplink involves a similar procedure to the downlink except that the frequencies
used are those transmitted by the mobile equipment.
7.1.4
Fault repair
Once a faulty component has been identified, a decision must be made on the appropriate
course to carry out a repair. A competent engineer can quickly remedy typical faults such as
faulty connections or cables. The exceptions to this are cable assemblies connecting
bandpass filter assemblies that are manufactured to critical lengths to maintain a 50-ohm
system. Care should be taken when replacing these types of cables or connectors to ensure
that items are of the correct specification. The repair of component modules such as
amplifiers and bandpass filters will not usually be possible in the field, as they frequently
require specialist knowledge and test equipment to ensure optimum operation. It is
recommended that items of this type are replaced with a spare unit and the faulty unit
returned to AFL for repair.
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7.1.5
Checking service
Following the repair of any part of the system it is recommended that a full end-to-end test is
carried out in accordance with the test specification and that the coverage is checked by
survey.
It is important to bear in mind that the system includes a radiating cable network and base
stations that may be faulty or may have been damaged.
7.1.6
Service Support
Advice and assistance with maintaining and servicing this system are available by contacting
Aerial Facilities Ltd.
7.2
Tools & Test Equipment
The minimum tools and test equipment needed to successfully service this AFL product are
as follows:Spectrum analyser:
Signal Generator:
Attenuator:
Test Antenna:
Digital multi-meter:
Test cable x 2:
Test cable x 2:
Hand tools:
100kHz to 2GHz (Dynamic range = 90dB).
30MHz to 2GHz (-120dBm to 0dBm o/p level).
20dB, 10W, DC-2GHz, (N male – N female).
Yagi or dipole for operating frequency.
Universal Volt-Ohm-Amp meter.
N male – N male, 2M long RG214.
SMA male – N male, 1m long RG223.
Philips #1&2 tip screwdriver.
3mm flat bladed screwdriver.
SMA spanner and torque setter.
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7.3
Care of Modules
7.3.1
General Comments
Many of the active modules contain semiconductor devices utilising MOS technology, which
can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. Correct handling of such modules is mandatory to
ensure their long-term reliability.
To prevent damage to a module, it must be withdrawn/inserted with care. The module may
have connectors on its underside, which might not be visible to the service operative.
7.3.2
Module Removal (LNA’s, general procedure):
The following general instructions should be followed to remove a module:
Remove power to the unit
Remove all visible connectors (RF, DC & alarm)
Release module retaining screws.
Slowly but firmly, pull the module straight out of its position. Take care not to twist/turn
the module during withdrawal. (When the module is loose, care may be needed, as there
may be concealed connections underneath).
7.3.3
Module Replacement (general):
Carefully align the module into its location then slowly push the module directly straight
into its position, taking care not to twist/turn it during insertion.
Reconnect all connectors, RF, alarm, power etc.,(concealed connectors may have to be
connected first).
Replace retaining screws (if any).
Double-check all connections before applying power.
7.3.4
Power Amplifiers
1) Remove power to the unit. (Switch off @ mains/battery, or remove DC in connector)
2) Remove alarm wires from alarm screw terminal block or disconnect multi-way alarm
connector.
3) Carefully disconnect the RF input and output coaxial connectors (usually SMA)
If alarm board removal is not required, go to step 5.
4) There is (usually) a plate attached to the alarm board which fixes it to the amplifier,
remove its retaining screws and the alarm board can be withdrawn from the amplifier in
its entirety. On certain types of amplifier the alarm board is not mounted on a dedicated
mounting plate; in this case it will have to firstly be removed by unscrewing it from the
mounting pillars, in most cases, the pillars will not have not have to be removed before
lifting the amplifier.
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5) If the amplifier to be removed has a heatsink attached, there may be several different ways
it can have been assembled. The most commonly used method, is screws through the front
of the heatsink to threaded screw holes (or nuts and bolts), into the amplifier within the
main case. If the heatsink is mounted on the rear of the main case (e.g., against a wall in
the case of wall mounted enclosures), then the fixing method for the heatsink will be from
within the case, (otherwise the enclosure would have to be removed from the wall in order
to remove the heatsink).
When the heatsink has been removed, the amplifier may be unscrewed from the main
casing by its four corner fixings and gently withdrawn.
Fitting a new power amplifier module will be the exact reverse of the above.
Note: Do not forget to apply fresh heatsink compound to the heatsink/main case
joint and also between the amplifier and the main case.
7.3.5
Low Power Amplifier Replacement
Disconnect the mains power supply and disconnect the 24V dc supply connector for the
LPA.
Disconnect the RF input and output cables from the LPA.
Disconnect the alarm connector.
Remove the alarm monitoring wires from (D type connector) pins 9 and 10.
Remove the LPA module by removing the four retaining screws, replace with a new LPA
module and secure it with the screws.
Connect the RF cables to the LPA input and output connectors. Reconnect the wires to
the alarm board connector pins 9 and 10.
Reconnect the DC supply connector and turn the mains switch on.
Note:
Tighten SMA connectors using only a dedicated SMA torque spanner. If SMA
connectors are over-tightened, irreparable damage will occur. . Do not use adjustable
pliers to loosen/tighten SMA connectors.
Also take care not to drop or knock the module as this can damage (or misalign in the
case of tuned passive modules) sensitive internal components. Always store the modules
in an environmentally friendly location
7.3.6
Module Transportation:
To maintain the operation, performance and reliability of any module it must be stored and
transported correctly. Any module not installed in a whole system must be kept in an antistatic bag or container. These bags or containers are normally identified by being pink or
black, and are often marked with an ESD label. Any module sent back to AFL for
investigation/repair must be so protected. Please contact AFL’s quality department before
returning a module.
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Page:-31 of 32
APPENDIX A
INITIAL EQUIPMENT SET-UP CALCULATIONS
GENERAL INFORMATION
Client Name:
AFL Equip. Model Nō.
Site Name:
Date:
Model
ANTENNA SYSTEMS
Gain
Azimuth
Comments
A - Service Antenna
B – Donor Antenna
Type
Loss
Length
Comments
C – Service Feeder
D – Donor Feeder
INITIAL PARAMETERS
E – CE Output Power
F – Antenna Isolation
G – Input signal level from donor BTS
Operating Voltage
dBm
dB
dBm
DOWNLINK CALCULATIONS
Parameter
Comments
Input signal level (G)
CE max. o/p power (E)
Gain setting
E-G
Isolation required
(Gain + 10dB)
Service antenna gain (A)
Service antenna feeder loss (C)
Effective radiated power (ERP)
E+A-C
Attenuator setting
CE gain-gain setting
Value
dBm
dBm
dB
dB
dB
dB
dBm
dB
If the input signal level in the uplink path is known and steady, use the following calculation
table to determine the gain setting. If the CE features Automatic Gain Control the attenuator
should be set to zero and if not, then the attenuation setting for both uplink and downlink
should be similar.
UPLINK CALCULATIONS
Parameter
Comments
Input signal level
CE max. o/p power (E)
Gain setting
Required isolation
Donor antenna gain (B)
Donor antenna feeder loss (D)
Effective radiated power (ERP)
E+B-D
Attenuator setting
(CE gain-gain setting)
Value
dBm
dBm
dB
dB
dB
dB
dBm
dB
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Handbook Nō.-55-124801HBKM
Issue No:-1
Date:-22/01/2004
Page:-32 of 32

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