AxyomCore AP1000-41 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell User Manual Apex SmallCell Install Guide
Casa Systems, Inc. Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Apex SmallCell Install Guide
User manual
DOC-3082-01
Document Revision 1.1.0
January 2019
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
Version 4.2.3
© 2019 Casa Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Casa Systems or its suppliers and are protected
by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
The information regarding the product in this manual is subject to change without notice. All statements,
information, and recommendations in this manual are believed to be accurate but are presented without
warranty of any kind, express or implied. Users must take full responsibility for their application of the product.
In no event shall Casa or its suppliers be liable for any indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages,
including, without limitation, lost profits or loss or damage to data arising out of the use or inability to use this
manual, even if Casa or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Reference Guide
iii
Contents
Preface
About this guide ................................................................................................... vii
Safety Warnings.............................................................................................viii
FCC Statement ............................................................................................... ix
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement............................................................... ix
Revision history................................................................................................ x
Supported software releases ........................................................................... x
Corporate facility .............................................................................................. x
Technical documentation ................................................................................ xi
Administrative and Configuration Guides ..............................................iii-xi
Technical references ........................................................................................ iii-xi.
Conventions used in Casa documentation ..........................................................xiii
Acronyms ...................................................................................................... xiv
Chapter 1. Overview
About this chapter ............................................................................................. 1-1.
Product overview .............................................................................................. 1-3.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell overview ............................................................. 1-4.
Axyom Element Management System (AeMS) ........................................... 1-5.
Technical specifications .................................................................................... 1-6.
Antenna specifications ................................................................................ 1-6.
Band support ............................................................................................... 1-6.
Bandwidth ................................................................................................... 1-6.
LED ............................................................................................................. 1-6.
Maximum data throughput .......................................................................... 1-6.
Maximum power output ............................................................................... 1-6.
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Maximum simultaneous active users .......................................................... 1-7.
Network connectivity ................................................................................... 1-7.
Nominal power consumption ....................................................................... 1-7.
Operating conditions ................................................................................... 1-7.
Supported interfaces ................................................................................... 1-7.
Weight ......................................................................................................... 1-7.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features .................................................................... 1-8.
Hardware features ...................................................................................... 1-8.
Backhaul ................................................................................................1-8
Radio capabilities ...................................................................................1-8
General and network related features ....................................................... 1-10.
Plug and Play (PnP) connectivity .............................................................. 1-10.
GPS location and synchronization .............................................................1-11.
GPS antenna .............................................................................................1-11.
Data connectivity ........................................................................................1-11.
VoLTE .........................................................................................................1-11.
Dedicated SAE Bearer Management (ERAB Management) ................1-11
Support of QCI Management ...............................................................1-11
DRX and Autonomous Measurement Gap ...........................................1-12
RoHC ...................................................................................................1-12
RLC AM mode ......................................................................................1-13
Traffic Prioritization ...............................................................................1-13
Frequency Hopping ..............................................................................1-13
Location Services .................................................................................1-13
QoS and Traffic Prioritization at scheduler level ..................................1-13
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) .......................................1-13
QOS Support ........................................................................................1-14
Open and closed subscriber group ........................................................... 1-14.
Channel and bearer support ..................................................................... 1-15.
Scheduler features .................................................................................... 1-17.
Interference management ......................................................................... 1-18.
Modulation and link adaptation ................................................................. 1-19.
Contents
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Reference Guide v
MIMO and transmission modes .................................................................1-19.
Radio resource management ....................................................................1-19.
Mobility and service continuity ...................................................................1-20.
SON (Self Organizing Networks) ...............................................................1-22.
TWAMP Protocol Support ..........................................................................1-26.
Security ......................................................................................................1-26.
General ................................................................................................ 1-26
On Air ................................................................................................... 1-27
Towards EPC ....................................................................................... 1-27
Management interface ...............................................................................1-28.
SON Support .............................................................................................1-29.
Plug and Play Support (PnP) .....................................................................1-29.
Software installation ..................................................................................1-29.
Supported OM/KPIs ...................................................................................1-30.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell alarms ...............................................................1-31.
Chapter 2. Installation and Configuration
About this chapter .............................................................................................2-1.
Software update procedure ...............................................................................2-2.
Downloading the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell distribution image ....................2-2.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Installation .................................................................2-2.
Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell ..........................................................2-3.
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Reference Guide
vii
Preface
About this guide
The Casa Systems – Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Reference Guide is intended for system
administrators, support engineers, and operators who are responsible for configuring
and managing the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell products. Users who perform these tasks
should be familiar with the Apex hardware and software capabilities, as well as have
experience with both 3G and 4G technologies.
The following topics are covered in this guide:
For information about See
Overview Chapter 1.
Installation and Configuration Chapter 2.
Preface
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
viii
Safety Warnings
Caution: The device emits radio frequency electromagnetic energy. To
comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this device
must be installed to provide a separation distance >20 cm from all
persons during normal operation. For operation within the 5GHz
frequency range, this device is restricted to indoor environments.
Warning: Read and understand the installation instructions and all
safety warnings before connecting the unit to the power source. Failure
to understand safety precautions may result in injury.
Warning: Operate this product only with the power adapter supplied
with the product.
Warning: Do not cover the device or block the airflow to the device with
any objects.
California Prop65 Warning: The plastic and cords on this product
contain phthalates, a chemical known to the State of California to cause
cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. Wash hands after
handling. For more information, please visit the following site:
www.p65warnings.ca.gov
Preface
Reference Guide
Reference Guide ix
FCC Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This device complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment and it also complies with Part 15 of the FCC RF Rules. This equipment
must be installed and operated in accordance with provided instructions and the
antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance
of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in
conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. End-users and installers must be
provided with antenna installation instructions and consider removing the
no-collocation statement.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
Caution! Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Preface
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
x
Revision history
This guide supports Version 4.2.3. See the Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell Release
Notes for additional information on new functionality not yet covered in this guide.
• 1.0.0 — October 2018; Draft version
• 1.1.0 — January 2019; Released version
Supported software releases
The following Casa software release(s) are supported in this latest revision:
• 4.2.2 — October 2018
• 4.2.3 — January 2019
Corporate facility
Casa Systems, Inc.
100 Old River Road
Andover, MA 01810
Tel.: 978-688-6706
World Wide Web: www.casa-systems.com
Preface
Reference Guide
Reference Guide xi
Technical documentation
Casa Systems provides the following documentation set in PDF format, viewable
using current versions of Adobe Reader©. The latest documentation and revisions are
uploaded on a continued basis for Casa customers.
Contact Casa Technical Support or a Casa Sales Representative for assistance with
downloading selected Casa documentation PDFs.
Administrative and Configuration Guides
• Casa Systems – Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Reference Guide (this document)
• Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell OM Counters Reference Guide
• Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell Parameters Reference Guide
• Casa Systems – Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Quick Installation Guide
• Casa Systems – Axyom Element Management System (AeMS) Administration
Guide
Technical references
• Broadband Forum - TR-069 Amendment 4 CPE WAN Management Protocol
(CWMP-1.3)
• Broadband Forum - TR-143 Issue 1 Amendment 1 Enabling Network Throughput
Performance Tests and Statistical Monitoring for TR-069
• Broadband Forum – TR-181 Issue 2 Amendment 7 Device Data Model for
TR-069
• Broadband Forum – TR-196 Issue 2 Femto Access Point Service Data Model
• ITU-T Recommendation X.733 – Information Technology – Open Systems
Interconnection – Systems Management: Alarm Reporting Function
• Small Cell Forum 083.05.02 – SON API for Small Cells, March 2015
Note: Casa Systems provides updates to the Technical Documentation on a
regular basis. The following documentation is available on the Casa Systems
FTP site. Contact your Casa representative for your specific login credentials.
Preface
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
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xii
• 3GPP TS 32.111-2 – Fault Management; Part 2: Alarm Integration Reference
Point (IRP): Information Service (IS)
• 3GPP TS 32.453 – Performance measurements Home enhanced Node B (HeNB)
Subsystem (HeNS) [http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/32453.htm]
• 3GPP TS 32.592 – Home enhanced Node B (HeNB) Operations, Administration,
Maintenance and Provisioning (OAM&P); Information model for Type 1
interface HeNB to HeNB Management System (AeMS)
• 3GPP TS 32.593 – Home enhanced Node B (HeNB) Operations, Administration,
Maintenance and Provisioning (OAM&P); Procedure flows for Type 1 interface
HeNB to HeNB Management System (AeMS)
• 3GPP TS 36.104 Rel10 – Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
• 3GPP TS 36.300 – Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall
description; Stage 2. Version 12.5.0 Release 12
• 3GPP TS 36.423 – Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(E-UTRAN); X2 Application Protocol (X2AP). Version 12.5.0 Release 12
• 3GPP TS 36.902 – Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(E-UTRAN); Self-Configuring and Self-Optimizing Network (SON) Use Cases
and Solutions
• RFC 3095 – ROHC Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP, ESP, and
uncompressed
• RFC 3759 – ROHC Terminology and Channel Mapping Examples
• FC 4996 – Robust Header Compression (ROHC): A Profile for TCP/IP
(ROHC-TCP)
• RFC 5225 – Robust Header Compression Version 2 (ROHCv2): Profiles for RTP,
UDP, IP, ESP and UDP-Lite
• RFC 5795 – The Robust Header Compression (ROHC) Framework (obsoletes
RFC 4995)
• RFC 6846 – Robust Header Compression (ROHC): A Profile for TCP/IP
(ROHC-TCP)
Preface
Reference Guide
Reference Guide xiii
Conventions used in Casa documentation
Key Convention Function Example
Boldface font Commands and keywords are in
boldface.
Type abc, then press [ENTER]
Italic font Emphasized terminology is in italics. burst profile
brackets [ ] Elements in square brackets are
optional.
[portNumber]
braces {x | y | z} Indicates a required argument with a
choice of values; choose one.
{enabled | disabled}
brackets [x | y | z] Indicates an optional argument with a
choice of values; choose one.
[abc | 123]
vertical bar | Separates parameter values. Same as
“or.”
{TCP | TLS}
String A non-quoted set of characters. Do not
use quotation marks (“”)around the
string as the string will include the
quotation marks.
abc
Screen font CLI sessions and information the
system displays are in screen font.
Boldface screen font Information you must enter is in
boldface screen font.
Italic screen font Arguments for which you supply values
are in italic screen font.
number
^ The symbol ^ represents the key
labeled CTRL (control). The key
combination ^D in a screen display
means hold down the CTRL key while
pressing the D-key.
< > Non-printing characters such as
passwords are in angle brackets in
contexts where italics are not available.
Angle brackets are also used for
variables.
!,# An exclamation point (!) or a pound
sign (#) at the beginning of a line of
code indicates a comment line.
# This is a comment.
Preface
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
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Acronyms
Casa Systems manuals contain the following industry-standard and product-specific
acronyms:
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
CA Certificate Authority
CBC Cypher Block Chaining (encryption mode)
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
C-RNTI Cell- Radio Network Temporary Identifier
CSG Closed Subscriber Group (ID in PLMN)
DES Data Encryption Standard
DH Diffie-Hellman
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DRX Discontinuous Reception
DS Downstream
DSCP Differentiated Services Control Point
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
ECGI E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier
ECI E-UTRAN Cell Identifier
EPC Evolved Packet Core
e-RAB E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload (of IPsec)
EUTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name
GBR Guaranteed Bit Rate
GERAN Global System for Mobile Edge Radio Access Network
GGSN Gateway General Packet Radio Service Support Node
GigE Gigabit Ethernet
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GRE Generic Router Encapsulation
GSM Global System for Mobile
Preface
Reference Guide
Reference Guide xv
GTP General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol
GTPv2 GPRS Tunneling Protocol Version 2
HMAC Hashing Message Authentication Code
HNB Home NodeB Gateway
HNB-GW Home NodeB Gateway
HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network
HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSUPA High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2
IMC International Mobile Communications
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IPsec Internet Protocol Security
IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced (4G)
MCC Mobile Country Code
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
MNC Mobile Network Code
OAKLEY Diffie-Hellman key exchange groups
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PSK Pre-Shared Key
QCI Quality of Service Class Identifier
QoS Quality of Service
RAT Radio Access Technology
RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
S1-AP S1 Application Protocol
S1-MME S1 Mobility Management Entity
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S1-U S1 User plane interface
SA Security Association (for IPsec)
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SeGW Security Gateway
TAC Tracking Area Code
TAI Tracking Area Identity
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems
UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure encryption standard
XGigE XGigabit Ethernet
Reference Guide
1-1
Chapter 1. Overview
About this chapter
This chapter provides information on the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell solution. The
small cells communicate with the HeNB-GW (4G) which is a network element that
concentrates small cells and connects them to the operator’s core network. An Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell is typically deployed in customers premises. The small cells use
IPsec/IKE protocols to provide secure backhaul of traffic to the HeNB-GW which
provides connectivity for Small Cells to the 4G EPC.
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
Topic Page
Product overview 1-3
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell overview 1-4
Axyom Element Management System (AeMS) 1-5
Technical specifications 1-6
Antenna specifications 1-6
Band support 1-6
Bandwidth 1-6
LED 1-6
Maximum data throughput 1-6
Maximum power output 1-6
Maximum simultaneous active users 1-7
Network connectivity 1-7
Nominal power consumption 1-7
About this chapter
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-2
Operating conditions 1-7
Supported interfaces 1-7
Weight 1-7
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features 1-8
Hardware features 1-8
General and network related features 1-10
Plug and Play (PnP) connectivity 1-10
GPS location and synchronization 1-11
GPS antenna 1-11
Data connectivity 1-11
VoLTE 1-11
Open and closed subscriber group 1-14
Channel and bearer support 1-15
Scheduler features 1-17
Interference management 1-18
Modulation and link adaptation 1-19
MIMO and transmission modes 1-19
Radio resource management 1-19
Mobility and service continuity 1-20
SON (Self Organizing Networks) 1-22
TWAMP Protocol Support 1-26
Security 1-26
Management interface 1-28
SON Support 1-29
Software installation 1-29
Supported OM/KPIs 1-30
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell alarms 1-31
Topic Page
Product overview
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-3
Product overview
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is a low-power RF emitting eNodeB for LTE RAN.
Each Unit supports one LTE radio sector with two 50 MW(17 dBm) radio streams
(4G) that is responsible for radio transmission and reception from UEs in a LTE
network (see Figure 1-1). The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell provides radio coverage for
LTE enabled devices and or handsets within a residential or enterprise coverage area.
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell incorporates all the capabilities and functions of a
standard eNode B.
Figure 1-1. Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Interface
Product overview
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-4
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell overview
Casa Systems’ Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is designed to provides the following:
• Ease of installation: No dedicated LTE Backhaul needed. Connects to home
broadband network using Ethernet.
• Easy integration: Uses X.509 digital certificates to authenticate with the service
provider's core network. Uses TR-069 over IPsec tunnel for integration with
back-end management systems.
• Cost effectiveness: Supports Plug-and-Play provisioning, does not require a
dedicated installation, and uses existing infrastructure with minimal intervention.
• Designed to provide home or small office coverage in low RF coverage areas
The Axyom Element Management System (AeMS) provides management for the
Apex Lifestyle Small Cells and real-time SON functions that reduce operational costs,
speed time to market, and optimize the customer experience.
Product overview
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-5
Axyom Element Management System (AeMS)
Casa Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is configured using the Axyom Element Management
System (AeMS). The AeMS supports the following:
• Plug and Play (PnP) configuration
• Alarm management
• Real time hybrid SON
• TR-069 Auto Configuration Server (with TR-196 and TR-181 data models)
• SysLog Server
• KPI Performance Management
• Configuration management
The AeMS is an integral part of Casa Systems’ Apex Lifestyle Small Cell solution and
is required for TR-069 based management of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Small
Cells.
Refer to the Casa Systems – Axyom Element Management System (AeMS)
Administration Guide for more information.
Technical specifications
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-6
Technical specifications
Following are the system specifications for the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell radio node
frequency, bands of operation, system size, environmental requirements, power, and
compliance.
Antenna specifications
• 2x2 MIMO directional panel antenna
• Omni antenna
• Wideband Sniffer (for NL)
Band support
• TDD: 41
Bandwidth
• 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
Hardware is frequency/band specific
LED
• Single, multicolor
Maximum data throughput
In TDD, the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports the following maximum data
throughput per carrier:
• 110/15 Mbps (DL/UL) with 64QAM in DL and UL
• 145/15 Mbps (DL/UL) with 256QAM in DL and 64QAM in UL.
Power output
20dBm±3dBm (2 streams @ 17 dBm±2dBm), @ antenna port in 2 antenna ports
Technical specifications
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-7
Maximum simultaneous active users
• RRC connected users: 16
• Scheduled users/TTI: 2
Network connectivity
•GigE
Nominal power consumption
12V DC @1.5 A
Operating conditions
• Working temperature range: -20C to +65C
• Relative humidity range: 20% to 95%
Supported interfaces
•S1-U
•S1-MME
•X2
•TR-069
Weight
.5 KG/1.1 lb
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
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Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell support the following features.
Hardware features
Backhaul
Ethernet
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports gigabit Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Support 2.4GHz and 5.0 GHz Wi-Fi for wireless backhaul. Using Wi-Fi backhaul
requires access to the Casa AeMS.
Please consult your Casa representative for the availability of wireless backhaul.
Radio capabilities
•1 Radio
• 2T2R and 20 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth per carrier
• Tunable center frequency in 100 kHz increments across the entire EBS/BRS band
• 19.8 MHz & 20 MHz carrier spacing for multi-carrier configuration.
• The modulated carrier frequency of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell has an accuracy
of ±0.05 ppm observed over a period of one sub frame (1ms)
• 43+10log(P) attenuation for all channel bandwidths
• Transmitter ON to OFF, and OFF ti ON transient period is shorter than 17us
[3GPP TS 36.104 Rel10; section 6.4.2.1]
• Transmitted spurious emission is under -42 dBm/MHz on any radiators (FCC part
15 rules 47 CFR 15.109)
• Supports IRC (Interference Rejection Combining)
• Supports MRC (Maximal-Ratio Combining)
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-9
• Supports TDD frame formats 1-6
• Supports TDD Special Sub Frame Configurations 0 to 8 (SSF0-SSF8).
• Supports maximum noise figure of 3 dB
• Minimum receive sensitivity:
— 104.5dB for 5MHz, 10MHz, 15 MHz and 20MHz channel bandwidths with
25 PRB
• The GPS antenna has Out-of-Band Rejection >= 65 dB @ 1559 MHz and @1625
MHz
• Out Of Band Emission levels (OOBE) at GPS-L1 & L2 Bands are below -100
dBm/ MHz.
Supported frequencies: Depending on the computing resources of the hardware, the
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports the following carrier frequencies:
Table 1-1. Apex Lifestyle Small Cell TDD LTE frequency bands
E-UTRA Band
(MHz) Identifier
Operating Band
MHZ EARFCN
Channel Bandwidth(s)
MHZ
41 (2500) TDD 2500 2496 - 2690 39650 - 41589 5, 10, 15, 20
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
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General and network related features
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is compliant with 3GPP LTE Release 9, Rel. 10, Rel.
11, and Rel. 12, and support specific Rel. 13 features like the enhanced X2 interface
and new bands as Band 66. The following list of features varies with each AP model.
• LTE TDD Release 13
• S1AP Compliant with 3GPP LTE Rel.9, Rel.10, Rel.11, Rel.12, Rel.13
• X2 Compliant with 3GPP LTE Rel.9, Rel.10, Rel.11, Rel.12, Rel.13
• RRC Compliant with 3GPP LTE Rel.9, Rel.10, Rel.11, Rel.12, Rel.13
•IP time synchronization through NTP
• Network Synchronization:
• GPS: Default option with holdover and failover support.
• OTA synchronization through network listening (NL) of surrounding
macro layer, usually for the same band if GPS is not available. Please
consult Casa representative for NL requirement.
• 28 bits Apex Lifestyle Small Cell ID support, 20 bits Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
ID support to behave as a macro/pico Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
•S1 Flex
•MOCN
• Hierarchical Cell Selection Support
• Hybrid SON functions with a fully featured dSON agent
• TR-069 Management Interface with TR-143, TR-181 and TR-196v2 data models
Plug and Play (PnP) connectivity
Individual units can connect to the EPC network without any user intervention using
the PnP process. Please consult with your Casa representative to define and implement
your PnP process.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-11
GPS location and synchronization
After powering up a unit, the unit must provide a GPS location before it can connect to
the network and be available for service. This location can be acquired through GPS
antenna (see below) or from Casa propitiatory small cell application. Contact your
Casa representative for information on the application.
The GPS can also be used for network synchronization.
GPS antenna
Built-in antenna. Requires an open view of the sky (or GPS lock).
Data connectivity
Small Cells support combined DL speed up to 150Mbps per UE, 145Mbps for 2 UEs
with combined UL speed up to 45Mbps at application layer. Expected latency at the
ping RTT is approximately 20-25ms.
VoLTE
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports both CSFB (to 3G and/or 2G), and VoLTE
using dedicated bearers for voice service and IMS signaling. The following LTE
services enable a better user experience while using VoLTE services:
Dedicated SAE Bearer Management (ERAB Management)
ERAB management and its related procedures should be supported across the whole
system by the different elements, and at the different available interfaces (Radio, S1).
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Small Cell supports the different procedures for
installing, removing, modifying and for managing in general dedicated SAE bearers.
Support of QCI Management
QCI management is part of the bearer management function, but is highly relevant to
the support of GBR and Non-GBR QCIs for providing a proper Quality of Service
(QoS) management. Different procedures depend on the proper QCI class
management, like the IMS signaling that uses a QCI 5. The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
supports both GBR and Non-GBR QCIs and the support is activated by default.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-12
DRX and Autonomous Measurement Gap
DRX and Autonomous Measurement Gap are key for efficient VoLTE service
deployment. DRX in connected mode allows minimizing the battery consumption of
the UE while optimizes the system access and load.
The Measurement Gap feature measures frequencies that the UE is not connected to
and allow UE mobility management by enabling the mobility from and towards other
base stations in the same or in other frequency using the same or other Radio Access
Technology. The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is DRX and Autonomous Measurement
Gap are key technologies for an efficient VoLTE service deployment.
DRX in connected mode allows minimizing the battery consumption of the UE while
optimizes the system access and load. The Meas Gap allows measuring frequencies to
that the UE is not connected, allowing managing UE mobility, enabling the mobility
from and towards other base stations in the same or in other frequency using the same
or other Radio Access Technology.
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is configured by default with those two functions
activated.
RoHC
Robust Header Compression for the Radio Interface minimizes the load in systems
with high user density and high voice call load mixed with high data load. VoLTE like
services include headers which are almost the 60% of the overall payload. Even
though the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell does support it at a software level (without
hardware acceleration), the activation of this function could penalize the overall cell
performance as breaks the Zero-Buffer Copy datapath.
• RoHC is only implemented in VoLTE related E-RABs with QCI1 and QCI5.
• Robust Header Compression support for UDP, ESP, IP and RTP profiles. Both V1
and V2 profiles are supported
• V2 profiles are given preference over V1 profiles.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-13
RLC AM mode
RLC (Radio link Control) AM (Acknowledge Mode) is needed for successful
inter-layer handover. It also allows minimizing the packet losses related with the IMS
signaling.
Traffic Prioritization
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports traffic prioritization to guarantee low latency
for VoLTE and IMS packets.
Frequency Hopping
The scheduler can use Frequency Hopping for minimizing the block error probability,
trying to avoid instantaneous channel fading over one specific region of the spectrum.
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports by default this function.
Location Services
• User plane: A-GPS trough SUPL protocol supported over GTP (transparent to the
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell)
• Control plane: LPPa E-CID procedures
QoS and Traffic Prioritization at scheduler level
Support of traffic prioritization is crucial for ensuring the Quality of Service for voice
calls in medium or highly loaded systems. Because LTE does not have circuits with
guaranteed capacity, it is needed to guarantee some latency and capacity to VoLTE
and IMS packets. Explicitly supporting traffic prioritization, QCI based QoS, GBR
and MBR, as well as latency control is a must. The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports
these functions for providing rich VoLTE services.
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)
Support of handover is critical for voice quality to avoid loss of service with degraded
voice quality. The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports intra-frequency,
inter-frequency LTE handovers, as well as IRAT handovers to enable available best
service to a user.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-14
QOS Support
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports the following QOS parameter, which is critical for
managing voice services:
QoS Management
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell manage all system bearers according to the QoS
characteristics defined by the EPC.
QCI parametrization
QCI and dedicated bearer parametrization is made according to the GBR, MBR, and
maximum latency of each service. AMBR, QCI scheduling polices, as well as service
type are used for traffic shaping and system optimization.
GBR support
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports GBR (guaranteed Bit Rate). The bearer is
guaranteed for a defined period and for a defined mean number of bytes.
MBR support
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports MBR (Maximum Bit Rate) for GBR type bearers.
Any packets arriving at the bearer after the specified MBR is exceeded will be
discarded.
QCI Prioritization
QCI prioritization (QCI1-QCI9) is fully supported. QCI1 and QCI5 are recommended
for voice applications.
Open and closed subscriber group
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) to offer
different services depending on the group of users to which the user belongs. These
features require support by the EPC and UEs.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-15
This operation mode is also used for pre-emption and access control algorithms,
defining the available resources for CSG and non-CSG users in terms of resource
(blocks, bearers).
Channel and bearer support
The following essential LTE channel and bearer features relevant for the Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell are supported:
• Fixed OFDM symbols used for PDCCH (1-2-3 OFDM symbols)
• CCE aggregation for PDCCH (1, 2, 4, and 8 CCEs)
• DCI formats 0, 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, 3A
• PDSCH resource allocation types 0 and 2
• RACH Optimization allows:
— Maximize the Random Access probability through the RACH channel
— Minimize interference to the neighbor cells
— Consider handover performance to/from the neighbor cells
• RACH configuration is done autonomously according to pre-defined operator
rules and parameter ranges. dSON is used for monitoring and tuning applicable
configuration parameters. Cells monitor their RF environemt to:
— Minimize control PRACH channel collision
— Maximize Random Access performance
— Support successful and failed configuration (ALARM!)
• Contention-based operation of the random access procedures
• Independent power settings for all downlink physical channels and signals
(includes downlink power boosting for PDCCH)
• Establishment, maintenance and release of physical radio bearers
• Support of default and dedicated EPS bearers
• GBR Bearer support
• Non-GBR Bearer support
• Up to 8 EPS bearers per UE (incl. combination of GBR and Non-GBR)
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
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• Support of QCIs 1 – 9
• Support of Operator specific QCIs
• Broadcast of system information MIB/SIB 1 to 6 as per the 3GPP specification
• Broadcast of system information SIB 9 to 12 as per the 3GPP specification
•Paging
• RRC Connection Re-establishment
• E-RAB modification support
• S1 Reset procedure
• Support of S1 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell/MME configuration transfer procedure
• Support of S1 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell configuration update procedure
• RLC transparent, unacknowledged and acknowledged mode of operation.
• Support of Measurement Gap
• Contention-free Random Access procedure
• Support of Discontinuous Reception (DRX). Casa Supports:
— DRX in RRC Idle Mode
— DRX in RRC Connected Mode
—Short DRX
— Long DRX
—Smart DRX
• Support of Short DRX cycles relevant for idle and connected mode
• Support of Long DRX cycles relevant for idle and connected mode
• Variable OFDM symbol support used for PDCCH (1-2-3 OFDM symbols for
5,10,15,20 MHz) based on system utilization
• Bit rate capping as requested by EPC UL
• Bit rate capping as requested by EPC DL
• Variable PUCCH configuration based on system utilization (total PRB, PRB for
CQI and PRB for ACK/NACK)
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-17
Scheduler features
The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the scheduler are critical in the
performance of any wireless system and especially for LTE in particular.
Stack MAC layer and its real-time LTE scheduler have been designed and developed
to fulfill the operator requirements with advanced scheduling and prioritization
algorithms.
The following scheduler features are supported by the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell:
• Advanced Scheduler support including Round Robin algorithms in time and
frequency domains
• QCI class aware scheduler
• CQI based MCS selection
• QoS aware scheduling based on QCIs
• Wideband CQI reporting
• Frequency Hopping
• Normal cyclic prefix
• Semi-Persistent Scheduling for VoIP
• Per bearer UL scheduling priority for multi bearer UE
• Delay and GBR aware scheduler for QCI=1-4 and custom GBR QCIs
• Periodic mode of CQI/RI/PMI reporting
• DRX in idle & connected mode with Measurement Gap support
• UL & DL RB Mask support
• Sub-band CQI reporting
• UL and DL Frequency Selective Scheduling
• Configurable Advanced Scheduler support including Proportional Fair algorithms
in time and frequency domains
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-18
Interference management
Both static and dynamic ICIC algorithmic are supported, being able to define different
operation profiles and environment, including intra-vendor and inter-vendor
scenarios.
For inter-vendor scenarios, the X2AP Load Indication procedure including RNTP, IOI
and HII Information Elements are used in order to optimize the HetNet environment.
For intra-vendor scenarios, vendor-defined messages are defined in order to optimize
the small cell layer. The coordination amongst cells is performed via X2AP (although
the ICIC function is coordinated through the X2 interface, different algorithms may be
used by every vendor implementation).
Other mitigation techniques, like power control and frequency hopping on PUSCH are
also supported. Please see section on SON features for more information on
optimization against interference.
The following interference management features are supported by the Apex Lifestyle
Small Cell:
• Open loop UL Power Control
• Static Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in DL & UL
• Frequency Selective Scheduling
• Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in DL & UL
• Inter-vendor Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in UL and DL via X2
interface
• Dynamic Downlink Power Allocation
• PDCCH power control
• Frequency hopping on PUSCH types 1 and 2
• Interference Shaping in DL & UL
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-19
Modulation and link adaptation
The different LTE modulation and codification schemes for supporting Cat 1-6 UEs
are supported. The SW integrates Link adaptation and Hybrid Automatic Repeat
Request. The following Modulation and Coding Schemes defined by the 3GPP LTE
Rel.11 are supported:
• QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation in Downlink
• QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation in Uplink
• Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) as per the 3GPP specifications
• Dynamic link adaptation in UL & DL based on CQI
• HARQ in DL and UL
• CQI correction and adaptation based on NACKs
MIMO and transmission modes
2x2 MIMO and PDSCH transmission modes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are supported.
Radio resource management
Radio Resource Management function is critical to provide the required service level
to the users. The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell includes admission control and congestion
control to guarantee that users receive the right service in high traffic conditions.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-20
Mobility and service continuity
Mobility refers to the cell change when the UE is in idle mode, while service
continuity refers to the cell change when the UE is in connected state, thus requiring
the handover of a voice call or a data connection.
Given that the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is a low power node, it is critical that the UE
uses not only the best serving cell criteria, but also the priorities for cell reselection.
Both cell re-selection based on RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) and RSRQ
(Reference Signal Received Quality) are included in the solution, including the
support of Absolute Priority Based Cell Reselection (Hierarchical Cell Selection) and
its related configuration parameters.
The handover procedures are exactly the same than the procedures performed by the
macrocells, but slightly different if they are performed from one Apex Lifestyle Small
Cell to another Apex Lifestyle Small Cell than from a Apex Lifestyle Small Cell to a
macro cell (and vice-versa) when using a HeNB-GW as the MME should support
some extra features.
In that sense in terms of S1AP and X2 interfaces, the entire control plane messaging is
compliant at least with Rel.10 for supporting a full integration of the HeNB-GW. The
system supports SRVCC to avoid any degradation in the voice call during the
handover procedure.
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell implements CSFB (Circuit Switching Fall Back) to
re-direct the UE to the available 3G or 2G network when the LTE system is
configured this way.
Regarding the data connection handover, the system supports blind handover,
handover with system information to reduce the latency, and handover based on
measurements, with thresholds and priorities.
For the service continuity from Apex Lifestyle Small Cell to Apex Lifestyle Small
Cell, the software supports both S1-based Handover and X2-based Handover, in order
to minimize the signaling load sent to the EPC.
The handovers from LTE Small Cells to LTE macro-cells and vice-versa are
supported (both intra-frequency and inter-frequency), and all the corresponding
parameters are configurable. Furthermore, the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell management
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-21
system allows the configuration and parameterization of all the handover parameters
and thresholds, providing independent control per technology and frequency.
The following mobility and service continuity features are supported by the Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell:
• Intra-frequency neighbor definitions for handover decisions
• Inter-frequency neighbor definitions for handover decisions
• Inter-RAT neighbor definitions for mobility decisions
• Cell re-selection procedures in idle mode to and from GSM, UMTS and LTE
macro networks
• Voice and data intra-vendor handover, from Apex Lifestyle Small Cell to Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell
• LTE Hand-in (HO from Macro to Apex Lifestyle Small Cell) for voice and data
• CSFB:
— CSFB to UTRAN
— CSFB to GERAN
— Blind CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA RAN
• Handover:
— Lossless Handover using the S1 interface
— Lossless Handover using the X2 interface with Data Forwarding
— Intra-frequency LTE handover, with the same bandwidth and the same cen-
tral frequency
— Intra-frequency LTE handover, with different bandwidth and the same cen-
tral frequency
— Intra-frequency LTE handover, with different bandwidth and different cen-
tral frequency
— Intra-frequency LTE handover, with different bandwidth and different cen-
tral frequency
— Inter-frequency LTE handover
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-22
• Cell reselection to WCDMA / 3G
• Cell reselection to GSM / 2G
• 3GPP Release 8 Absolute Priority based cell re-selection in HCS
• Lossless LTE Inter frequency inter Apex Lifestyle Small Cell handover
• Lossless LTE Inter frequency inter vendor Apex Lifestyle Small Cell handover
• RRC Connection Release with Redirect intra-LTE
• RRC Connection Release with Redirect to UMTS
• RRC Connection Release with Redirect intra-LTE with SI
• Emergency call via CSFB to UMTS/GSM
• VoIP support with GBR up to 250 kbps using QCI=1
• CSFB Priority Call handling
• CS Fallback to W-CDMA with SI (including cell info list UTRA-FDD-R9)
• CS Fallback with LAC to UTRAN
• Release 9 Extensions for Mobility Management
•PS HO to 3G
• CS HO to 3G
SON (Self Organizing Networks)
Self Organizing Networks (SON) is based on Artificial Intelligence solutions that
allows cutting the management costs through a dSON specialized software agent.
• Self-Configuration: Supporting the Air Interface Sniffer for acquiring REM in
order to properly configure physical parameters like the PCI
• Self-optimizing and self-healing: Supporting dSON and cSON Hybrid
architecture through using TR-069 and X2 interfaces.
• Native Integration with SN4GStack: Supporting native interfaces with the OAM,
RRM, the scheduler and other functions.
SON Architecture:
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-23
Casa System has developed a hybrid Son architecture using both cSON (implemented
on AeMS) and dSON (deployed on Apex Lifestyle Small Cells).
— The solution is fully compliant with the new Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Forum’s SON API.
— Configuration Management and reporting of PM is performed by the OAM
interface of the 3GPP standard existing TR-069 and the X2 interfaces.
— Single Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Forum SON API for Apex Lifestyle
Small Cell and data model for OAM and SON.
— The SON Manager, our cSON (Centralized SON server) uses a JSON
REST interface on the AeMS Northbound Interface for it through the ACS
to interact with the cells using standard TR-069 messaging.
— It can also use an X2 connection.
— The interaction is made through the TR-069 protocol.
— The dSON or distributed SON agent may also interact with other dSON
agents of neighbor small cells or macrocells using the X2 interface.
— To differentiate between cells with 20bits Apex Lifestyle Small Cell IDs
and 28bits Apex Lifestyle Small Cell IDs is recommended to define a
reserved range of PCIs for Small Cells.
— The Small Cells support automatic discovery of IP (X2 TNL Discovery)
using the S1 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell/MME Configuration Transfer pro-
cedure.
— The SON Manager can be integrated in the SCM’s system architecture as
an additional element and entity of the overall end-to-end system.
The following SON features are supported by the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell:
• Manual Configuration of Neighbor Lists.
• Supports neighbor blacklisting and whitelisting.
• Supports removing neighbors from NR list
• Cell soft lock
• Support for auto-IPSec link setup with the Casa Security Gateway (including
support of IKEv2, RFC4945) for the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell network
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-24
• Plug & Play self-configuration based on TR-069
• Automatic authentication of Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
• Automatic download and activation of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell operating
parameters, operating profile, firmware and configuration file.
• Self-configuration using the TR-069 and the AeMS
• Unique HW-ID per node for the correct HW identification and network
configuration
• RACH Optimization:
—This SON function is related with the RACH channel configuration for
maximizing the access probability to the system, using UE measurement
reports, X2 based UE information and the sniffer.
— Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Management (DICIM): This SON func-
tion addresses minimizing the overall interference of the network, by
means of using different Interference Management algorithms.
— This SON function addresses minimizing the overall interference of the
network, by means of using different Interference Management algorithms.
— Self-Configuration of parameters like the RACH Root Sequence Index for
being able to decode PRACH even if the RACH accesses were made on the
same time/ frequency
• REM (Radio Environment Measurements) support using the sniffer. The Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell can search using a pre-configured list of EARFCNs.
• Root SeqIndex (RSI):
— Support Automatic RSI assignment
— Automated Detection & Resolution of RSI conflict
• PCI: This SON function, on the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell, is highly related with
the ANRF SON function, and performs the following:
— Initial Automatic Physical Cell ID (PCI) planning for new LTE eNodeB
— PCI Collision and Confusion: Automated Detection & Resolution elimi-
nates the need for manual optimization efforts.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-25
• Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR) Function: automatically builds the
Neighbor Lists of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell for LTE intra & inter-frequency
cells and for 3G cells.
— Retrieve operators from the burden of manually managing neighbor rela-
tions tables (NRTs)
— Simplifies network deployment with a large number of small cells and/or
the network topology may change frequently
— Dynamic assignment of ANR scanning frequencies on a per Apex Lifestyle
Small Cell basis: ANR measurement frequencies are derived during Plug &
Play by analyzing the LTE neighbors
— Allows disable/enable one Apex Lifestyle Small Cell or multiple Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell’s ANR function when needed.
• LTE ANR automatic X2 configuration using Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Configuration Transfer
• Automatic cell outage detection - hardware and software Failure Detection
• Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Forum SON API for Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
• Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO): This SON function configures the
different parameters of the handover (HO) procedure for minimizing the RLFs
when the UE is performing handovers.
— Frequent Handover Mitigation (FHM)
— Automatic Apex Lifestyle Small Cell self-test with HW failure check
— Automatic recovery after SW crash
— PRACH Self-Configuration
— Optimal Channel Selection
— Network Clustering
— Interference Management
• Downlink Transmit Power Management:
— Allows Improvement of Total Throughput, and Cell Edge UE throughput
— Reduces RLF Reports and Ping-Pong handover
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-26
TWAMP Protocol Support
• Casa implementation complies with RFC 5357.
• Casa implementation only supports unauthenticated mode between the client and
server.
Security
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell includes a distribution of IPSec software compatible
with carrier class SeGWs based in IPSec standards. It uses the tunnel mode with ESP
packets for establishing the secured connection between the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
and the SeGW. All communication from the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell towards the
network is IPSEC encrypted. The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell will not come up "in
service" if IPsec tunnel is not established.
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell includes an encrypted zone called Trusted
Environment (TrE), required to store certificates, keys and sensitive information. This
zone is configured through a 2048 bits RSA software certificate, which is a unique
device certificate, to be able to uniquely identify the node.
The following features are the most relevant security related features of the Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell:
General
• The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is connected to the EPC via a Security Gateway
(SeGW).
• Support of SeGW: The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell mutual authentication using
certificates.
• The solution requires an IPSec tunnels for the backhaul of user traffic to EPC and
any communication with the AeMS.
• Software integrity validation is performed, previous to the set-up of the
connection to the SeGW and the EPC.
• All Non IPSec traffic is filtered at the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell.
• Trusted Environment (TrE): Encryption keys, authentication credentials, software,
logs, config and any user data are saved in Trusted Environment (TrE), and are
protected against not-authorized reading/writing
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-27
• The TrE is based on a trusted root that cannot be removed. It is based on hardware
registers and an encrypted Flash partition, defined as TrustZone which is not
accessible from the operating system. It is accessible through a set of functions
that do not disclose the content of this memory, only enabling the use of the stored
information. It is built through a secure boot process executed every time the
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is switched on or a hard-reset is performed.
On Air
Supports Snow3G, AES, ZUC Encryption algorithms to comply with 3GPP Uu
requirement for LTE.
Towards EPC
• Supports IKEv2
• Roaming support using IKEv2 MOBIKE
• Support of IKEv2 Multiple Authentication Exchanges
• Support of Elliptic curve DH groups and ECDSA certificates
• Supported Encryption Algorithms: 3DES, AES128, AES192, AES256
• Integrity Algorithms: MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, AES_XCBC,
AES_CMAC
• Diffie Hellman Groups (1, 2, 5, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
• Support of IPSec peer authentication with public key infrastructure (PKI) and
Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
• Support of secondary endpoint authentications with Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP)
• Support of Mutual Authentication using X509 certificates with RSA keys. The
credentials and critical functions for device authentication are protected inside the
TrE
• Supports disabling IPsec, CMP and DHCP
• A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) formatted identifier shall be used for
certificate based authentication of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell and of the SeGW.
• Support OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol) and CRLs (Certificate
Revocation List) for Certificate Validation Management
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-28
• Support of CMPv2 for certificate renewal
• Access control at the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell for UEs without support of CSG
(for UEs with CSG capabilities, the access control is performed by the MME).
• Support of NAT-Traversal via UDP encapsulation
• Support of Dead Peer Detection
• Rekeying based on Time and volume
• Supports Static and OSPF Routing
• Supports Traffic Selectors Multiple subnets and tunnel all mode
• Support Extended Sequence Number (ESN)
• Support of Administrative Lock of the Cell for Blacklist Management
• Blocking function based on ICCR an SIDI Line identifier
Management interface
The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports communication with AeMS management
platform using TR-069 based interface. This interface is used for system
configuration, configuration update, performance management and alarms
management. This interface is also used to upgrade/change software on the system.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-29
SON Support
Casa supports a hybrid SON architecture combining dSON and cSON using TR-069.
Distributed SON (D-SON) offers real time automation and ‘embedded’ RF control at
the Small Cells. D-SON allows the eNodeB’s to rapidly adjust to their RF
environment.
Casa Hybrid SON can performs the following optimization:
• PHY Cell ID (PCI) Optimization
• Automatic Neighbor Relations Function (ANRF)
• Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO)
• Transmission Power Management (TPM)
• Mobility Load Balancing
• Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Management (DICIM)
• RACH Optimization
Plug and Play Support (PnP)
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell support fully automated PnP. That means, After initial
power up and establishing CMTS connection the small cell is able to establish
connection to the parent LTE network, and provide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
functionalities without any human intervention.
Software installation
Software on the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is controlled by the AeMS. The AeMS
supports planned automated operation for software download, installation, activation
and fallback. These operations can be performed per Apex Lifestyle Small Cell or
bulk operation and can also be scheduled based on time, forced or graceful.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
1-30
Supported OM/KPIs
The Performance Counters and KPIs supported by the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell are
fully compliant to the following standards:
• TS 32.401 - Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM);
Concept and requirements
• TS 32.411 - Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM)
Integration Reference Point (IRP): Requirements
• TS 32.415 - Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM)
Integration Reference Point (IRP); eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
definitions
• TS 32.425 - Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM);
Performance measurements Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(E-UTRAN)
• TS 32.435 - Telecommunication management; Performance measurement;
eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file format definition
• TS 32.450 - Telecommunication management; Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN):
Definitions
• TS 32.451 - Telecommunication management; Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN):
Requirements
• TS 32.453 - Performance measurements Home enhanced Node B (HeNB)
Subsystem (HeNS)
• TS 36.314 - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Layer 2 -
Measurements
All OM and KPIs are collected and organized by the AeMS. The AeMS is also
responsible for aggregating KPI data in CSV format and make it available to
performance management platforms. The Casa Apex platform supports a
Configurable Collection Interval value in seconds, with a minimum value of 2 minutes
(120 seconds) and a typical value of 15 minutes (900 seconds).
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 1-31
The details of the supported Apex Lifestyle Small Cell OM/KPIs and counters can be
further analyzed in the Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell OM Counters Reference
Guide and the Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell Parameters Reference Guide.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell alarms
The followings alarms are supported by the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell:
Unique Alarm
ID (Code) Alarm Text
20001 L3 not detected
20002 L2 not detected
20003 KPI Agent not detected
20004 Flash memory usage
20005 MME connection is down
20006 Congestion
20007 Error accessing file
20008 CPU cycles limit exceeded
20009 Re-transmission rate excessive
20010 Over-the-air synchronization lost
20011 GPS synchronization lost
20012 Cell synchronization failure
20013 SCTP Failure
20014 LAN error
20015 CPU Temperature Unacceptable
20016 PA Temperature Unacceptable
20017 Unauthorised Access Attempt
20018 Configuration or Customizing Error
20019 Out of memory
20020 Threshold Crossed: RLF
20021 Threshold Crossed: Low SINR
20022 PA Biasing Failure
20023 PCI Collision
20024 PCI Confusion
20025 Kill Switch
20026 l1StartTimeout
20027 dspOrPhyCrash
20028 clockSynchronizationProblem
20029 synchronizationLostWithAllSources
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
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20030 invalidPhyOrRfConfiguration
20031 systemInformationConfigurationFailure
20032 Failed backing-up configuration file
20033 Failed restoring configuration file
20034 Single MME connection is down
20035 IPsec tunnel is down
20036 IPsec tunnel expiry
20037 IPsec IKE SA expiry
20038 Operator Certificate Expired
Reference Guide
2-1
Chapter 2. Installation and
Configuration
About this chapter
This chapter covers the required installation and configuration items for the Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell.
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
Topic Page
Software update procedure 2-2
Downloading the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell distribution image 2-2
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Installation 2-2
Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell 2-3
Software update procedure
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
2-2
Software update procedure
This section covers the procedures for updating the application image for the Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell with the AeMS.
Downloading the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell distribution image
Contact your Casa representative for your upgrade needs. Once an upgrade candidate
is identified, the AeMS will push the software out to the small cell. Software can be
downloaded from the Casa FTP site. Follow the following instructions to download
the software.
• From your Web browser, log on to the site using your Casa Systems-assigned
customer user name and password at ftp://support.casa-systems.com.
• From Unix or Linux systems, run FTP and log in to casa-systems.com.
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Installation
Refer to the Casa Systems – Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Quick Installation Guide for
more information.
Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
Reference Guide 2-3
Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
In order to access the web-based Graphical User Interface of the Axyom Element
Management System (AeMS), the system administrator has different options.
If the system is deployed in a stand-alone Lab network, the user should configure the
IP address of the computer within a reachable network.
1. Open a web browser, enter the IP address of the AeMS in the address bar
(10.10.10.XXX by default), and press Enter. The login window displays (see
Figure 2-1).
Figure 2-1. AeMS Login Window
2. Enter the default credentials, admin (default user) in the Username field and
admin (default password) in the Password field, or a user-specific credentials if
the default configuration has been changed, in the domain field.
3. Select whether the user is in the local database, LDAP or in a radius server.
4. Click OK.
Note: The AeMS is designed to be compatible with Google Chrome and it has
been optimized for a screen resolution of at least 1280x1024 pixels.
Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
2-4
5. The following parameters are configured in a typical Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
installation. Refer to the Casa Systems – Axyom Element Management System
(AeMS) Administration Guide for detail procedures to configure the Apex
Lifestyle Small Cell.
— Identify DHCP address assigned
— Disable watchdog reboot (by default, the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is con-
figured with the watchdog enabled).
— Configure static IP
— Configure for local provisioning
— Configure with IPSec details
— Install IPSec certificates
— Verify IPSec connections
— Verify software version
— Configure relevant 4G parameters in local provisioning files
— Configure TAC
— Configure cell identity
— Configure PLMN
— Configure downlink and uplink bandwidth
— Configure EARFCNDL
— Configure physical cell ID (PCI)
— Configure REM parameters
— Attach a UE to the network
Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
Reference Guide
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DOC-3082-01
Document Revision 1.1.0
January 2019
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