BlackBerry R802D-2-O Wireless OEM Modem User Manual Manual

BlackBerry Limited Wireless OEM Modem Manual

Manual

Integrator’sGuideRIM 802DOEM Radio ModemDRAFT
RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem Integrator’s GuideLast Updated: August 24, 1999Model No. R802D-2-O© 1999, RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITEDResearch In Motion and RIM are registered trademarks of Research In Motion Ltd.MS-DOS is a registered trademark, and Windows is a trademark, of Microsoft Corp.Warning: This document is for the use of licensed users only. Any unauthorisedcopying, distribution or disclosure of information is a violation of copyright laws.While every effort has been made to ensure technical accuracy, information in thisdocument is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment onthe part of Research In Motion Limited.Research In Motion295 Phillip StreetWaterloo, OntarioCanada N2L 3W8tel. (519) 888-7465fax (519) 888-7884Email: rim802d@rim.netWeb site: www.rim.net
DRAFT FCC Compliance Statement (USA)FCC Class B Part 15This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject tothe following two conditions:1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and2. This device must accept any interference received, includinginterference that may cause undesired operation.WarningChanges or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the partyresponsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate thisequipment.This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for aClass B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limitsare designed to provide reasonable protection against harmfulinterference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, usesand can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used inaccordance with the manufacture’s instructions, may cause harmfulinterference to radio communications.There is no guarantee, however, that interference will not occur in aparticular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interferenceto radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning theequipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct theinterference by one or more of the following measures: Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different fromthat to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician forhelp.
DRAFT Industry Canada CertificationThis device complies with Industry Canada RSS 119, under certification numberxxxxx.IC Class B complianceThis device complies with the Class B limits for radio noise emissions as set outin the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,”ICES-003 of Industry Canada.
ContentsDRAFT FCC Compliance Statement (USA) ...........................iDRAFT Industry Canada Certification ..................................iiAbout this guide....................................................................... v1. Introduction................................................................. 1Radio performance..........................................................................1DataTAC network technology.........................................................42. Getting started............................................................. 7Test board overview........................................................................8How to connect the test board .........................................................9The MENU diagnostics tool..........................................................103. Mechanical integration ............................................. 17Environmental properties ..............................................................17Physical properties ........................................................................18Mounting methods.........................................................................20Cables and connectors...................................................................234. Power requirements ..................................................27Load specifications........................................................................27Calculating overall power consumption ........................................29Batteries ........................................................................................30Plug-in supplies.............................................................................31Automotive supplies......................................................................325. Interface specification............................................... 33NCL and RAP link-layer protocols ...............................................33Pin descriptions.............................................................................35How to turn the radio on and off...................................................40Loading firmware (optional) .........................................................416. Antenna selection....................................................... 43Selecting an antenna......................................................................43Introduction to antenna terminology .............................................45
Antenna design considerations......................................................47Shielding .......................................................................................49FCC radio frequency exposure rules .............................................49Specifications ......................................................................... 55Glossary of terms................................................................... 57
About this guideThis guide will assist you in integrating the RIM 802D OEM radio modem into avariety of devices such as laptop computers, handhelds, vending machines,point-of-sale terminals, vehicle-based mobile terminals, and alarm system.Topics covered in this guide include: mounting requirements power (battery) characteristics interfacing to the RIM 802D antenna selection and placementThroughout the guide, there are suggestions and precautions that will ease theimplementation of a wireless communication solution. You are encouraged tocontact RIM if you would like to discuss the technical implementation of thisradio modem.
11. IntroductionWith the introduction of the RIM 802D, Research In Motion (RIM) has set anew standard for radio modem performance. The RIM 802D is unrivaled in thekey areas of receiver sensitivity, output efficiency, noise immunity, and powerconsumption. Its small size and weight make it suitable for virtually any wirelessdata application, including handheld devices and mobile terminals.The RIM 802D is designed for use with DataTAC wide-area wireless datanetworks operating in the 800 MHz range, such as the American Mobile ARDISnetwork and the Bell Mobility ARDIS network.RIM radio modems are specifically designed to integrate easily into a computingdevice. Potential applications include: Laptop computers Vehicle tracking and location Point of sale devices Monitoring and telemetry Ruggedized terminals Vending machines Handheld PC’s Utility meters Parking meters Billboards Dispatching Security alarm panelsRadio performanceThe RIM 802D offers the highest performance of any radio modem forDataTAC wireless data networks:
2 Introduction – Radio performanceIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONReceiver sensitivityReceiver sensitivity is a measure of how well a radio modem can “hear” anetwork base station. This figure is important when a device will be used in areaswhere signal strength is weak, such as inside buildings and in locations that arenot close to a base station. A radio modem with good receiver sensitivity can beused in more places than a radio modem with poor sensitivity.The RIM 802D has a receiver sensitivity of –118 dBm (MDC) and –111dBm(RD-Lap) at 0.01 BER. This means that the radio can interpret received datafrom a very weak 0.0025 picowatt signal with a 1% bit error rate. Although 1%may seem like a high error rate, the sophisticated over-the-air DataTAC protocolcorrects these errors before the data is passed to the application, ensuring error-free communication. This capability is already built into the radio’s firmware,and does not require any additional software development.Noise immunityThe RIM 802D is not de-sensitized by the electromagnetic interference (EMI) or“noise” that is generated by the electronics of the terminal into which it isintegrated. As a result, no special shielding is required between the radio andyour device.Noise immunity offers several key benefits, including: easier integration improved RF performance longer battery life more coverage from each base station increased reliability no need for special RF shieldingLow power requirementsIf you are planning to integrate the RIM 802D into a handheld or portabledevice, battery life is a critical issue: your customers will insist on long lastingdevices without heavy battery packs. The RIM 802D sets a new powerconsumption standard for DataTAC radio modems. This ensures efficiency andmaximizes battery life.
Introduction – Radio performance 3RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONTransmitting data: 1.7 amps or less (at 4.4 V), depending on output powerThe transmitter is ON for a pulse of up to 1.1 seconds, depending on theamount of data transmitted. The maximum packet size for a DataTACdevice is 2048 bytes.Receiving data: 66 mA (at 4.4 V)The radio’s receiver is usually turned off, and turned on periodically for thepurpose of listening to the network for messages. The base station will onlyattempt to communicate with the radio during these windows. To minimizelatency during rapid two-way communication, the receiver is also turned onand kept on for 10 seconds after any communication (transmit or receive)with the network.Standby power: 0.2 mA (at 4.4 V)Standby power consumption is very low and occurs when no radio activityhas taken place for at least 10 seconds and the radio is not in a receiver-onwindow. The radio and base station are closely synchronized to ensure thata communication attempt is not missed when the radio is in standby mode.Battery life is not a concern for certain applications, such as in-vehicleapplications that draw power from the vehicle battery. For these applications, itis possible to put the radio in an express operating mode, in which powerconsumption is higher than normal but packet transfer latency is reduced to aminimum.Small sizeUsing a single board design, the RIM 802D is very thin, and much smaller than abusiness card, at only 42.0 by 67.5 mm. This tiny size allows the RIM 802D tomeet tight space requirements within most applications. Its single-board design ismore reliable than multi-board designs, particularly in high-vibrationenvironments (such as vehicles) or in devices that can be dropped (such ashandheld PCs).
4 Introduction – DataTAC network technologyIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONDataTAC network technologyThe DataTAC wireless network technology has become an international datacommunication standard. DataTAC is a secure, reliable, wireless packetswitching network specifically designed for wide-area wireless datacommunications.DataTAC networks are deployed around the world. DataTAC provides highlyreliable, two-way digital data transmission. The network provides error detectionand correction to ensure the integrity of the data being sent and received, andincludes transmission acknowledgment.The DataTAC network has a hierarchical structure that allows messages to berouted from sender to receiver along the most direct path possible. Each radiocell is served by an intelligent base station. Because intelligence is distributedthroughout the network, data is only forwarded to the lowest network nodecommon to the sender and the receiver. For example, one base station is able tohandle all traffic in its coverage area.The network constantly monitors the location of the mobile users. As a mobiledevice moves from one area of coverage to another, base stations track itssignals, sending updated mobile location and status information to the network.If the network goes down at any point in transmission, the message is held untilnetwork service is restored. If the mobile receiver moves outside the coveragearea, the base station stores the data until coverage is re-established, thenforwards it to the mobile. This prevents data loss, and increases the reliability oftransmission.DataTAC is optimized for data communication. It uses a packet switchingtechnique to provide the greatest flexibility in data transmission. Conventionalcellular phone systems, by contrast, use a circuit-switched network, in which aphysical connection is created between the sending and receiving nodes, andmust be maintained throughout the duration of the transmission. With circuit-switched systems, the set-up time for establishing a connection involvessignificant overhead and airtime cost, especially when only a small amount ofdata needs to be transferred.DataTAC packets include information about the origin, destination, size, type,and sequence of data to be sent. This enables packets to be transmittedindividually, in any order, as traffic permits. Internal to the network, individualpackets may travel along different routes, in any order, without interfering withother packets sent over the same frequency by different users. At the receivingend, all packets are accounted for, and reassembled into the original message.
Introduction – DataTAC network technology 5RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONSet up time is eliminated and network connection is instantaneous. As a result,packet-switching makes far more efficient use of channel capacity, typicallyallowing 10 to 50 times more users over a radio channel than a circuit switchednetwork.
22. Getting startedRIM is committed to facilitating the integration of the RIM 802D OEM radiomodem. We provide the necessary resources to evaluate the feasibility ofimplementing a wireless communication solution, and work closely with ourpartners to develop an application in the shortest time possible.Years of intense R&D have spawned several tools that have been used internallyto help streamline our own development process. We have included many ofthese tools with the RIM 802D OEM Developer’s Kit. The purpose of the Kit isto accelerate radio integration and to help system designers evaluate theRIM 802D. Using the Kit, you can quickly begin interfacing the radio modem toyour computing device.We’re here for you!RIM has a team of experienced engineers who can support you in the design andimplementation of your project. If you need help getting started, or if you haveany questions about the radio technology or its integration into your platform,please contact the RIM 802D engineering development team:e-mail: rim802d@rim.netphone: +1 (519) 888-7465fax: +1 (519) 888-7884web: www.rim.net
8 Getting started – Test board overviewIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONTest board overviewThe RIM test board provides a standard RS-232 serial interface between a PCand the radio modem. It is designed to help you quickly interface the RIM 802Dto a standard PC (through a COM port) or a terminal device with an RS-232serial port. The test board also provides access points to the radio’scommunication port, which allows you to monitor activity with a logic probe,multimeter, or oscilloscope.The test board includes the following components and functionality:RS-232 interfaceThe serial (COM) port on a PC and most terminal devices operates at RS-232signal levels, which are typically 12V. This high voltage would damage theRIM 802D, which is typically integrated into a device that operates anasynchronous serial port at 3.0V. The RS-232 interface on the test board allowsyou to produce an output from the radio that is easily interpreted by a PC.Test pointsThe test board is more than just an RS-232 interface. It also features debuggingfacilities to help you test your application. It provides direct access to each of the22 pins on the radio interface cable, which allows connectivity to analyticalequipment (e.g. logic probe, multimeter, or oscilloscope) and real-timeindication of data flow.On/off switchWith the switch in the ON position, the radio will turn on whenever power isapplied to the test board. When the switch is moved to the OFF position, theradio will shut down.Power supplyThe RIM 802D must be provided with a clean, high-current power source. In thiscase, we use a standard plug-pack to provide the current necessary to operate the
Getting started – How to connect the test board 9RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONradio. The voltage is converted into the necessary levels by the power supplysection on the test board.LED indicatorsThe test board includes several LED indicators designed to indicate the flow ofdata to and from the host (in real time), the radio power status, power to the testboard, and more.How to connect the test boardNow that you are familiar with the components and functions of the test board,you are ready to connect the RIM 802D radio modem to an antenna and to a PC(or some other computing device with an RS-232 serial interface). To do this,you will use the test board and cables supplied with your RIM 802D Developer’sKit.1. Flat interface cable (test board to radio)The flat interface cable carries data between the test board and the RIM 802D.Control and status signals such as TURNON are also carried on this cable. Usethis cable to connect the RIM 802D to the test board.This cable also carries clean, regulated power to the RIM 802D.When inserting the cable, ensure that the side with the bare pins are in directcontact with the pin side of the connector. To ensure proper contact, do not forcethe cable into the connector. Instead, pull the tabs on either side of the connector,slide the cable in, then push the tabs back in to tighten.2. DB-9 serial cable (test board to PC)Connect the male end of the straight-through DB-9 serial cable to the test board.Connect the female end of the cable to your PC’s COM port.
10 Getting started – The MENU diagnostics toolIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSION3. Power adapter (test board to AC outlet)Plug the 5VDC, 2.4A, center-pin-positive power adapter into the wall outlet.Connect the other end to the power jack of the test board.4. Antenna cable (radio to magmount antenna)Your developer’s kit includes a high-performance, 6dB-gain magmount antenna.This antenna is terminated with a screw-on SMA plug. The RIM 802D radiomodem includes a snap-on MMCX jack. The antenna cable supplied with yourdeveloper’s kit connects the antenna’s SMA plug to the radio’s MMCX jack.The magmount antenna provides optimum RF performance when placed on abroad metal surface, such as the roof of a car. When used inside a building,performance is improved if the antenna is located near a window, with fewobstacles (wall, furniture, equipment, etc.) between the antenna and the window.The antenna must be oriented vertically for best performance, and performsequally well whether positioned rightside up or upside down.5. Turn the system onThe power switch on the test board is connected to the TURNON line of theRIM 802D radio modem. To determine whether the radio is on, look at the LEDmarked ONI. It is lit when the radio is on.The MENU diagnostics toolNow that you have successfully connected your RIM 802D radio modem to yourPC, you are ready to send a test packet through the DataTAC network.Your radio modem must be activated by the network operator in order to be usedon the DataTAC network and to establish an airtime agreement. If you have notalready arranged for activation of your radio, contact your network operator.The RIM 802D contains a diagnostic utility called MENU. With this utility, youcan set the current network, “ping” your radio modem, or view radio andnetwork status values.
Getting started – The MENU diagnostics tool 11RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONSetupThe following instructions assume that your RIM 802D is connected to a PCrunning a terminal program, such as Windows HyperTerminal. The MENUutility is based in the RIM 802D’s firmware, so HyperTerminal is the onlysoftware required to use it.The MENU utility’s user interface is a full-screen text mode interface, and usesthe ANSI cursor command set. Programs like HyperTerminal support the ANSIcodes by default. If you are using a different terminal program that does notprovide ANSI cursor control, the MENU utility will drop into a line-by-lineinterface. The appearance of the line-by-line interface is not documented here,but the commands it uses are the same as those described below.Select the COM port which communicates with the RIM 802D and configure for9600 bps, and either 7E1 (7 bits, Even parity, 1 stop bit) or 8N1 (8 bits, Noparity, 1 stop bit). If you have set this up correctly, you may see occasionalbursts of characters from the radio modem. These character bursts are normal;they represent an NCL frame, which you can ignore for now.Type the word menu (all in lower case letters only) then press the ENTER key.You can expect to see a full screen of information. If nothing happens, simply re-enter menu until the radio modem responds. The word “menu” itself willprobably not appear on the screen as you type it in.If you re-enter menu and nothing occurs, ensure that the radio is turned on andconnected to the PC, and that all cables are securely connected. Please contactRIM for assistance if you are stuck at this point.Once the utility has been started, the terminal program’s screen will look similarto the following:
12 Getting started – The MENU diagnostics toolIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONRIM 802D Firmware Version 1.0.0(c) 1999 Research In Motion LimitedRadio Setup Radio Serial Number = 031/11/066300Command Key Description Networks Available:----------- ----------- -------------------Q Quit and reset the radio. 1. AMSC 2. BELLMOBN Set the current network.P Ping: Send a Status SDU to yourself. Your Choice ?LLI=88231144 RSSI= 40% 24 dBuV Battery= 97% Network=AMSCContact=Yes Mode=PowerSave Tx=EnabledStatus=0080The screen displays the software version and build date, the radio modem’sserial number, the list of available DataTAC radio networks, current radiomodem status indicators, the “ping” function, and other relevant information.RSSI stands for Received Signal Strength Indicator. This is a measure ofnetwork coverage. The higher the number, the better the coverage. The RSSI isgiven both as a percentage and in dB V (decibel microvolts). To obtain theRSSI in dBm (decibel milliwatts), subtract 113 from the dB V value. Note thatRSSI= 0% 0 dB V does not necessarily represent the complete absence of asignal; in many cases, the radio is capable of communicating with the network atsignal strengths of 0 dB V or even less. Actual contact with the DataTACnetwork would be indicated by the Contact field. The RSSI is updated every tenseconds, or whenever you press D.The Battery indicator shows the level of supplied voltage. The battery level isupdated once every thirty seconds, or whenever you press D.Network tells you which network you are currently using. The example showsAMSC (American Mobile Satellite Corporation, which operates the ARDISnetwork in the United States) and BELLMOB (Bell Mobility ARDIS operates aDataTAC network in Canada).LLI stands for Logical Link Identifier, which is a unique number that identifieseach DataTAC radio modem. The LLI is used for addressing packets. The screenwill also display a Radio Serial Number, which is unique to each radio modem.
Getting started – The MENU diagnostics tool 13RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONThis number is often referred to in other documents as ESN (Electronic SerialNumber).Mode shows whether the radio is in powersave mode or express mode. Thedefault operating mode is powersave, which reduces power consumption by theradio but introduces latency when receiving packets from the network. Thismode may be changed through software.Tx is an indicator to let you know whether the radio’s transmitter is enabled ordisabled. The transmitter may be enabled or disabled through software, and isnormally enabled.Status describes the current state of the radio. Other documentation may alsorefer to the Status value as the radio’s internal fault bits. The following tableshows the interpretation of the Status bits. If the Status value displayed on yourscreen does not correspond to any of the values below, then determine whichvalues add together in hexadecimal to give the Status value that you see. Forexample, status value B403 would simultaneously describe states A000, 1000,0400, 0001, and 0002, as described below.Please note: if status bits are set, it does not necessarily indicate that there is afault with the radio. These bits are useful only for troubleshooting a knownproblem, and should not be read or interpreted by any application. For example,it is possible for the status bits to read 0040 yet the radio is able to transmit.0000 The radio modem status is normal. There are no warnings.0001 The RIM 802D has been out of coverage for a long time. No adequate basestation was found. Possible causes include lack of network coverage, wrongnetwork selected, or the battery level is too low.0002 This is a new RIM 802D being used for the first time. No action is necessary.0008 The radio modem has exhausted its internal memory. This should not happenunder ordinary use. Turning off the radio modem then turning it back on willresolve this.0040 The modem’s transmitter has been disabled by your software, using the RAP“Turn Transmitter Off” command. The transmitter can be turned back on withthe RAP “Turn Transmitter On” command, or by resetting the radio.0100 Another device may be using the same LLI number as your device on the samebase station. This should not happen under ordinary use. It may cause duplicate,dropped, or mixed up packets. Contact the network operator to determinewhether two units have the same LLI number.0800 The RIM 802D may be having a problem remembering its last base station. Ifthe problem persists, the unit should be returned for repair.
14 Getting started – The MENU diagnostics toolIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSION1000 The RIM 802D has received an unknown interrupt and might be havingproblems receiving packets. If the problem persists, the unit should be returnedfor repair.2000 The RIM 802D has received an unknown interrupt. No action is necessary.4000 The RIM 802D has been damaged and cannot be used until this problem iscorrected. The unit should be returned for repair.How to change to a different networkThe RIM 802D radio may be used on different DataTAC networks operating ondifferent channels in the 800 MHz range. Up to 16 network channel lists may beprogrammed by RIM into each radio. If the network shown is not the correctone, you can choose another from the list of networks available. Press N and theMENU utility will present an additional prompt for selecting the network, asshown below.RIM 802D Firmware Version 1.0.0 release(c) 1999 Research In Motion LimitedRadio Setup Radio Serial Number = 031/11/066300Command Key Description Networks Available:----------- ----------- -------------------Q Quit and reset the radio. 1. AMSC 2. BELLMOBN Set the current network.P Ping: Send a Status SDU to yourself. Your Choice ? Choose a network from the list (1..2) ?LLI=88231144 RSSI= 30% 22 dBuV Battery= 97% Network=AMSCContact=Yes Mode=PowerSave Tx=EnabledStatus=0080Change network nameYou may now enter a number corresponding to the desired network shown underNetworks Available. When you press ENTER, the radio modem will switch tothe selected network, as shown below. If you do not enter a number, or if youerase the number you have typed, then no change will occur when you pressENTER. Pressing ESC will cancel the network set-up command.
Getting started – The MENU diagnostics tool 15RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONThe screen below shows what would happen if you press 2 then ENTER. Thevalues shown beside Network has changed.RIM 802D Firmware Version 1.0.0(c) 1999 Research In Motion LimitedRadio Setup Radio Serial Number = 031/11/066300Command Key Description Networks Available:----------- ----------- -------------------Q Quit and reset the radio. 1. AMSC 2. BELLMOBN Set the current network.P Ping: Send a Status SDU to yourself. Your Choice ?LLI=88231144 RSSI= 30% 22 dBuV Battery= 97% Network=BELLMOBContact=Yes Mode=PowerSave Tx=EnabledStatus=0080Radio update was successful.“Ping” the network: an end-to-end radio testYou can determine whether your radio modem is working on the network bypressing P. When you “ping,” you send a message (SDU – Service Data Unit, aDataTAC data packet) to yourself via the wireless network base station. TheMENU utility will display a message indicating that the SDU was sent. A fewseconds later, it should also indicate that the SDU was received. This confirmsthat your radio modem is operational and active on the network.If you get the message “Status SDU cannot be sent – out of coverage”, then youare not in an area that is covered by the DataTAC network. You can determinewhether you are in coverage by looking at Contact on the status lines. If you arecertain that you are in a coverage area, but are still not able to communicate withthe network, check the antenna to make sure it is connected properly and ispositioned vertically. Signal quality can vary significantly within a building. Trymoving the antenna to a new location, perhaps near a window, to see if you canget a signal.
16 Getting started – The MENU diagnostics toolIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONRIM 802D Firmware Version 1.0.0(c) 1999 Research In Motion LimitedRadio Setup Radio Serial Number = 031/11/066383Command Key Description Networks Available:----------- ----------- -------------------Q Quit and reset the radio. 1. AMSC 2. BELLMOBN Set the current network.P Ping: Send a Status SDU to yourself. Your Choice ?LLI=88231144 RSSI= 30% 22 dBuV Battery= 97% Network=BELLMOBContact=Yes Mode=PowerSave Tx=EnabledStatus=0080Received SDU from 88231144 (to 88231144)If you are unable to communicate with the network, first contact the networkoperator to make sure that your device is activated on the network. If the radiohas not been activated, then the network will not send the SDU back to the radio.Second, make sure that you are in network coverage. You can determine whetheryou are in coverage by looking at Contact on the status lines. If it showsContact=NO, then you are not in an area that is covered by your DataTACnetwork. You can also determine whether the antenna is connected properly andis deployed properly. Signal quality in buildings can vary significantly over shortdistances. Try moving the antenna to a new location, perhaps near a window, tosee if you can get a signal. If none of these remedies help, contact RIM forassistance.Exiting the utilityWhen you have finished using the utility, you should press Q to quit. This step isimportant because it allows the radio to resume accepting commands from othersoftware. The screen will clear and you will be informed that the radio has beenreset. You can safely disconnect the radio and close your terminal program onceyou have seen this message.
33. MechanicalintegrationThis chapter provides information about the RIM 802D that will be useful indetermining the physical positioning of the radio modem within an application.Environmental properties and testing, physical properties, mounting methods,and connector information are provided.Environmental propertiesDuring environmental testing, RIM takes samples of its radio modems andsubjects them to a variety of harsh conditions. We measure over a hundreddigital RF calibration parameters, once before and once after each test. Thedifference between these measurements precisely reveals any performancedegradation. Each unit in the sample is also inspected visually after testing. Thisexperience allows us to fine-tune our design and manufacturing process.Environmental testing ensures that our products are able to withstand bothtypical and extreme real-world conditions in which they will be used. RIM doesnot sell units that have been subject to environmental testing.
18 Mechanical integration – Physical propertiesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONStorage temperatureThe RIM 802D OEM radio modem may be stored at a temperature from -40 Cto +85 C (-40 F to +185 F).Operating temperatureThe RIM 802D is designed to operate between -30 C to +70 C (-22 F to+158 F). The end user should be careful not to exceed the upper temperaturelimit, as performance degradation or damage to the power amplifier may occurpast this point, especially while transmitting.The radio contains a temperature sensor that will automatically shut off thetransmitter if the temperature reaches approximately +75 C (+167 F).Physical propertiesWeightThe RIM 802D weighs 35 g (1.2 oz), including the case.DimensionsThe RIM 802D has been designed to meet the most stringent space requirements.In most cases, there will be sufficient room in an existing enclosure to house theradio modem.The overall maximum dimensions of the radio modem, not including cables, are: Width: 42.0 mm (1.65”) Length: 67.5 mm (2.66”) Thickness: 8.4 mm (0.33”)
Mechanical integration – Physical properties 19RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSION
20 Mechanical integration – Mounting methodsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONMounting methodsThe RIM 802D OEM radio modem may be securely fastened using a variety ofmethods. The operating environment must be carefully considered whenchoosing a mounting option. For example, extreme temperature, heavy vibration,or high electromagnetic interference areas may require a special mountingsolution. It is important to ensure that the RIM 802D remains securely attachedin the environment where it will be used.The following information is presented as a guide, but applications can varyconsiderably. A mechanical engineer can help ensure that the mounting methodis suitable for the specific application.Bolts or standoffsThe RIM 802D radio modem includes a hole in each corner, which may be usedto bolt the device onto a circuit board, device housing, stand-offs, or othersurface. The mounting hole pattern is four holes in a 62.5 by 36.5 mm rectangle,with each hole 2.5 mm in diameter.To allow room for components on your board underneath the radio, you may usestandoffs instead of bolts. This is illustrated in the following diagram.
Mechanical integration – Mounting methods 21RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONTie wrapsTie wraps can be used as a secure but non-permanent means of attaching theRIM 802D to a surface. Typically, each tie wrap passes through a hole drilled
22 Mechanical integration – Mounting methodsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONinto the surface of your board, on either side of the RIM 802D. This allows theradio to be attached to a shell, a PCB, or some other mounting surface.If using tie wraps, ensure that the surface beneath the RIM 802D is flat.Otherwise, the mounting surface could push up on the bottom surface of theradio case while tightening the tie wraps pushes down on the edge of the radiocase. This could cause the metal case of the RIM 802D to flex upward and shortacross components inside the radio, causing the radio to malfunction. Forexample, thick adhesive foam tape and tie wraps should not be used together.Permanent industrial adhesiveThe RIM 802D is small and lightweight enough to be attached to the host deviceusing an industrial adhesive. For some applications, this method of mounting ispreferable to bolts, because adhesive is easier to use in a manufacturingenvironment, and is more resistant than bolts to loosening. In many cases, aneffective solution is to adhere the radio modem to the inside surface of yourproduct’s casing.An adhesive should be chosen on the basis of its ability to stick to the materialused in the outer casing of the radio modem and in the surface to which the radiowill be mounted. The bottom casing of the RIM 802D is magnesium.3M manufactures VHB, a permanent industrial adhesive with excellent long-term holding power. The peel adhesion and tensile holding power of VHB tapesare extremely high, making this a suitable solution when the radio will not needto be removed. Choose foam tape for rough surfaces and adhesive tape forsmooth surfaces.More information about VHB may be obtained by contacting 3M Industrial Tapeand Specialties Division at 1-800-227-5085 (fax: 1-612-733-1771). Thepublication number for the VHB technical data sheet is 70-0702-0266-1(104.5)R1.
Mechanical integration – Cables and connectors 23RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONCables and connectorsThere are two connectors on the RIM 802D radio modem. One connector is usedto interface the radio modem to a serial computing device and a power supply,and a second connector is used to connect an antenna to the radio.Interface cable and connectorSerial communication data, control signals, and power are carried on a flat 22-conductor 0.30 mm (0.012”) thick flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable with1.00 mm centerline spacing, which can plug into a matching connector. Sinceeach application is unique, Molex can create a custom Flat Flex Cable Jumper inthe correct length and the correct connector orientation for your application. Theminimum cable length available is 30 mm (1.181”).The interface cable supplied with the RIM 802D Developer’s Kit is a Type D76.2 mm (3.0”) long Flat Flex Cable (FFC) Jumper in 1.00 mm centerlinespacing, Molex part number 8800-8071, as illustrated in the followingmechanical drawing:
24 Mechanical integration – Cables and connectorsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONThis cable can plug into a matching 22-position 1.0 [0.039] horizontal FPCconnector. A variety of connectors are manufactured by Molex. Moreinformation about each connector, including mechanical drawings, is availablefrom the manufacturer’s web site (www.molex.com), or you can contact RIM(rim802D@rim.net) for help with selecting an appropriate connector for yourapplication.Contact:Molex Headquarters Molex Electronics Ltd.Lisle, IL, USA Toronto, Ontario, Canadatel: (630) 969-4550 tel: (416) 292-1444fax: (630) 969-1352 fax: (416) 292-2922www.molex.comAntenna cable and connectorsRIM uses the industry-standard MMCX connector for the RIM 802D because itis a very small connector that has the mating force to withstand heavy vibration.Typically, an antenna does not plug directly into a RIM 802D. Instead, a cable isused between the radio’s antenna connector and a second connector at the outercasing of the device. This allows the antenna to be removed from the systemwithout having to open the device, and it eliminates a source of strain on theradio’s MMCX connector.The antenna cable should have low loss, an impedance of 50 , and an MMCXjack that mates with the RIM 802D’s MMCX plug. The other end of the cablecan be any connector you choose, as long as it has an impedance of 50 . AnSMA screw-on connector is suitable and widely available. TNC connectors arealso suitable, but larger than SMA. The antenna cable supplied with theRIM 802D developer’s kit has an MMCX connector on one end and an SMAconnector on the other. The cable is built with strain reliefs to prevent damage.Huber & Suhner can provide antenna cables and connectors. The parts describedbelow have an impedance of 50 and are suitable for use with the RIM 802D.
Mechanical integration – Cables and connectors 25RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSION11MMCX-50-2-1C/111 Straight MMCX connector16MMCX-50-2-1C/111 Right-angle MMCX connector25SMA-50-2-25/111 SMA connectorEZ Flex 405 Low-loss matching (50 ) cable133REEZ4-12-S2/1216 8” cable, straight MMCX to SMA133REEZ4-12-S2/1699 8” cable, right-angle MMCX to SMAThe following cable is included with the RIM 802D Developer’s Kit:Contact:Huber & Suhner Huber & SuhnerEssex Junction, VT, USA Kanata, Ontario, Canadatel: (802) 878-0555 tel: (800) 627-2212fax: (802) 878-9880 fax: (613) 596-3001www.hubersuhnerinc.com
44. Power requirementsThe RIM 802D radio modem must be provided with a clean power sourcecapable of delivering bursts of high current. This can be provided by a plug-inpower supply unit, a rechargeable battery pack, or single-use batteries. RIM hasconducted extensive research to develop guidelines for integrators who followdesign the power supply system for the RIM 802D.Load specificationsThe RIM 802D draws its power in bursts; the power required changes rapidlydepending on whether the radio is transmitting, receiving, or in standby. Theload profile is given on the following page. These specifications can be givendirectly to your power supply designer or battery supplier.Power supply parametersThe RIM 802D requires a clean, stable 4.1 to 4.75 volt source that is capable ofdelivering a one-second burst of up to 1.7 A when required by the transmitter.Maximum efficiency is obtained at 4.1V. RIM recommends designing a morerobust power supply that can provide adequate power under such non-idealconditions as an improperly matched antenna, under which this burst could be ashigh as 2.2A. The receiver current consumption is 66 mA. The standby currentconsumption is 0.2 mA in low-power standby mode and 4.3 mA in regularstandby mode.
28 Power requirements – Load specificationsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONRadio load profile (at 4.4 V)Transmitter transmitting 2.0 W to antenna… worst-case peak instantaneous (due to extreme temperature, poorly matched antenna, etc.)…1.7 A2.2 AReceiver 66 mAStandby 4.3 mALow-power Standby 0.2 mATransmit duration– minimum… maximum…32 ms1 sOff current consumption 20 AOverall power consumption (assume heavy usage) based on 0.05% transmit, 5.00% receive, and 94.95% low-power standby… if low-power standby is not used…4.3 mA8.8 mARipple specificationFor best performance, ripple of less than 15 mV peak-to-peak (measured at theradio end of the connector) is recommended across the frequency range 60 Hzand 1 MHz. The maximum ripple at the connector that can be tolerated is 20 mVpeak-to-peak.Except in special cases where there are several sources of ripple, this means thatyou measure the ripple with an oscilloscope set to 1 MHz bandwidth, and thepeak-to-peak value is not to exceed 15 mV. Note that if there are several ripplecomponents, or if ripple is measured with a larger (typically 20 MHz)bandwidth, ripple will seem worse. If it is still below 15 mV under theseconditions, it will meet the ripple specification.A passive LC (series L, shunt C) power filter can be put between your powersupply and the RIM 802D radio modem to reduce ripple at the radio connector.Bear in mind that the RIM 802D radio already has about 70 F of on-boardshunt capacitance. The inductor cannot exceed 100 H (otherwise, transientscould reset the radio), it must be rated to pass the maximum DC current of 2.2 Asupply current at all temperatures, and its resistance must be low enough toguarantee minimum voltage of 4.1 V to the RIM 802D at 2.2 A.
Power requirements – Calculating overall power consumption 29RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONCalculating overall power consumptionThe instantaneous power consumption varies between 0.2 mA and 1.7 A, a rangeof four orders of magnitude. At any given point in time, the power consumptiondepends on what the radio is doing. Calculating the overall power consumptionis important if a battery with appropriate capacity is to be properly selected.The current figures below are all measured at a supply voltage of 4.4 V. Theactual operating range of the supply voltage is 4.1 to 4.75 V.Transmitter power usageThe radio transmitter draws 1.7 A to transmit 2.0 W.When the radio is not transmitting, the transmitter is off and consumes no power.Receiver power usageThe radio receiver draws 66 mA when it is turned on. However, in PowersaveMode, the receiver is nearly always turned off, and is turned on onlyoccasionally. The base station will wait until the radio’s receiver is turned onbefore attempting to send data to the radio. If no data is waiting at the basestation, the radio will turn the receiver off and wait another period of time. Thisreduces power consumption significantly, but introduces a latency whenreceiving data packets from the wireless network.The receiver also stays on for 10 seconds (the “transaction time”) immediatelyafter data is sent to or received from the network base station. During thetransaction time, there is no latency introduced by the use of Powersave. Thisallows two-way interactive applications to process a transaction without delay.Sending 3 packets in rapid succession will consume less power than sending 3packets more than 10 seconds apart.To decide whether to roam onto a new base station, the radio periodically scansfrequencies of neighboring base stations. The length of time spent scanning isdifficult to predict, as it depends on coverage, user mobility, and number ofnetwork channels. Most applications will spend less than 0.2% of the timescanning, during which the receiver is turned on. However, a highly mobileapplication will consume more power than one in a semi-fixed location.
30 Power requirements – BatteriesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONBatteriesWhen integrated into a handheld device, the RIM 802D can be powered bybatteries. This is a proven technology that is easily available and eliminates theneed for power supply components such as voltage regulators.Rechargeable batteriesWe recommend using rechargeable nickel cadmium (NiCad) batteries to powerthe RIM 802D radio modem for battery-operated applications that require a wideoperating temperature range. Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion (Li+)cells may also be used with good results, but many such cells do not work verywell at temperatures below freezing. Specifications for batteries should beobtained from the manufacturer. The RIM engineering development team(rim802D@rim.net) can help you determine whether a particular battery issuitable for your application.The selected cells must be able to meet the load specifications of the RIM 802D.Specifically, they must be able to provide 1.7 A (at 4.4 V) for transmission.Rechargeable cells vary considerably, because capacity varies with current draw.Even if two cells have the same published capacity, one may not be as efficientas another when the radio transmitter is turned on. This is because some batterieshave a higher equivalent series resistance (ESR) at high current drain. The ESRshould be low enough that the battery can supply the transmit current requiredwithout a large voltage drop.Rechargeable alkaline batteries are another option. These cells are typically ratedfor about 25 discharge cycles, far fewer than NiCads, but they provide longer lifethan NiCads. For the first five to ten cycles, you will get about 70 to 80 percentof the battery life you would expect from a single-use alkaline cell. After 25discharges, this number may drop to 50 percent. Some precautions must be takenwith this type of battery. These cells are also not intended to be used to their fullcapacity, so the actual useful run-time of these cells is closer to 30 to 40 percentof a single-use alkaline cell, and requires the user to pay closer attention to thestate of the batteries. If you fully discharge a rechargeable alkaline battery, youmay only get five recharges before the capacity decreases to the point where it isuseless.
Power requirements – Plug-in supplies 31RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONSingle-use batteriesAmong single-use cells, only alkaline and lithium cells provide the high currentnecessary for transmission. In particular, AA alkaline cells are inexpensive,widely available, and provide an excellent power source. Alkaline cells typicallyrun about four times longer than similar-size NiCad cells, and about three timeslonger than similar-size NiMH cells.The use of general-purpose carbon-based batteries is strongly discouraged, asthis type of battery is unable to supply the power required by the transmitter.These cells are more suited to flashlights and other products that do not have abursty load characteristic. If a carbon-based battery is used, the voltage will dropbelow the minimum power required under load almost immediately following aradio transmit, which would reset the radio each time it tries to transmit.Since carbon cells are generally sold under names like “super heavy duty,” thebest way to be sure that a single-use battery is alkaline is to look for the word“alkaline” on the label, or to use well-known brands such as Duracell orEnergizer. This should be communicated to the user of your product.Plug-in suppliesA plug-in supply converts normal AC power (usually 110 volts or 220 volts) intoa steady DC source that can be used instead of batteries. The plug-in supply mustbe designed to ensure that voltage spikes, lightning, and other power fluctuationscannot damage the radio modem. Transient voltage protection zener diodes, orother spike arrestor circuits, may be added to keep the inputs within the limitsgiven in the RIM 802D load specifications. These should have a value of 20volts and be placed on the supply side of the regulator circuit.RIM recommends a supply capable of providing 4.1 V and rated for 2.5 A peakcurrent. LIND Electronics (www.lindelectronics.com) can supply a car lighteradapter suitable to drive a 5V, 2A device (model number APA-SH0520M) witha connector of your choice; your hardware should then reduce the power to4.1V. For sales information, contact Dave Murphy at (612) 927-6303.
32 Power requirements – Automotive suppliesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONAutomotive suppliesIf you plan to power the RIM 802D from an automotive supply, extra protectionmust be included to protect the radio modem from the intense power fluctuationsexperienced when the automobile is started. A circuit comprising inductors,transorbs and voltage regulators should be used to ensure the radio modem isprotected from these power fluctuations.Commonly, in automotive applications, voltages may be as high as 70 V on thebattery, especially during starting. Commercial automotive adapters are availablethat will safely convert the 12 volt automotive supply to a regulated supplysuitable for operating the RIM 802D radio modem.
55. InterfacespecificationThe asynchronous serial interface on the RIM 802D operates at 3.0V, making itcompatible with many existing system designs. The RIM 802D can be controlledby a wide variety of microcontrollers and microprocessors, such as the Intel8051 or 80386, or Motorola 68000. In most cases, the RIM 802D can beconnected directly to a micro-controller, or through a Universal AsynchronousReceiver/Transmitter (UART) to a microprocessor data bus. If the radio modemis to be connected directly to a PC or other RS-232 device, an interface must beprovided to convert the signal voltage to the higher values required by anRS-232 device.NCL and RAP link-layer protocolsThe RIM 802D requires a serial link-layer protocol to carry data, radio controlinstructions, and radio status information between the RIM 802D radio modemand the computing device to which it is attached. Two protocols are supportedby the radio: Native Control Language (NCL) and Radio Access Protocol(RAP).If you are using an NCL application with another DataTAC radio and are nowmigrating to the RIM 802D, you do not need to rewrite the application in RAP –simply continue using the NCL application. If you are writing a new application
34 Interface specification – NCL and RAP link-layer protocolsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONfor the RIM 802D, you will need to choose whether to use NCL or RAP as yourlink-layer protocol.NCL assumes a high-noise environment where bit errors are likely to occur onthe serial link between the radio modem and the computing device. NCL isdesigned to be extremely robust and redundant, and should be used when theserial link is unreliable or when the serial cable to the RIM 802D is very long.Advances in mobile computing technology have helped to ensure that serial linksare short enough to make bit errors extremely unlikely. This is especially true forsmaller devices such as laptops and PDAs. The complexity of NCL isunnecessary for these applications, and involves complex and lengthy softwaredevelopment.RAP was designed to take advantage of the reliability inherent to a short seriallink. The primary benefit of RAP is that it is easy to describe and implement. Asa result, RAP reduces software development time, complexity, and memoryconsumption. It also provides double the throughput of NCL, by using binaryframe data transfers instead of hex-ASCII encoding.Since every application is different, the choice of protocol should be madecarefully. The following chart is provided as a guide to comparing the relativeadvantage of each protocol.NCL RAPInterface cable fromRIM 802D to device Designed for long serialcable prone to bit errors Assumes a short, reliableserial cableOperating environment Withstands harsh, hostileelectrical interference Best suited for laptops,PDAs, other small devicesSoftware complexity Complex SimpleImplementation time(typical) Weeks or months,or use third-party APIs DaysMemory requirements 5 to 20 kilobytes 1 to 3 kilobytesCost Free, open specification,or pay for third-party APIs Free, open specification,sample source code is free
Interface specification – Pin descriptions 35RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONThere is no “best” protocol. The NCL or RAP protocol is used strictly for thelink between the radio modem and the computing device, and does not have anyinfluence on the speed or reliability of communication between the radio and theDataTAC network. The RIM engineering development team (rim802D@rim.net)can help you select the protocol most suited to your needs.Pin descriptionsAll input and output lines are 3.0 volt logic; however, they will also be able todrive 3.3 volt systems. Input lines 13, 16, 19, and 20 are 5.0 volt input tolerant.Output lines will be capable of driving 5.0 volt systems provided the VIH of thesepins is less than 2.5 volts.All outputs will source a short circuit current of 3 mA. Inputs will have a currentleakage of 1 A.This section describes the purpose of each of the 22 lines that comprise theinterface to the RIM 802D OEM radio modem. The symbol ~ before the labelindicates that line is an active low digital signal.Note that pins 9 through 22 on the RIM 802D correspond to pins 14 through 1on the RIM 900. The numbering is reversed because the connector is reversed,but physically the leftmost pin on the RIM 802D connector is the same as theleftmost pin on the RIM 900 connector.Pins 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, and 22 are designed for future use and must be leftdisconnected. All other unused inputs to the radio should be tied to ground, andany unused outputs from the radio should be left disconnected.Pin 5 ~MSG ~Message WaitingThis is an output from the radio.The active state of this line is low, and indicates that the radio has received adata packet (SDU) from the network, which has not been delivered to the deviceapplication yet. This line continues to remain active until the applicationacknowledges receiving the packet.
36 Interface specification – Pin descriptionsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONWhen the radio’s receive buffer is full, this line will be inactive (high).Pin 6 ~COV ~CoverageThis is an output from the radio.The active state of this line is low, and indicates that the radio is in networkcoverage, as measured by the presence of a signal from the network base station.When the radio does not have contact with the wireless network, this line is high.Pins 7,8 POWER Power supplyThese pins supply power to the radio. Since the current requirement duringtransmit exceeds the current rating of a single line, both lines 7 and 8 should beconnected to the power supply.Pin 9 GND GroundThis line should be tied to the system ground of the computing device to ensureproper operation. Pin 18 should also be connected to ground.Pin 10 TURNON Turn Radio OnThis is an input to the radio.This line turns on the radio unit. It is a digital signal that eliminates the need foran on/off switch across the power supply to the radio. This is a 3.0V input to theradio, and is not 5.0V tolerant. Information about the use of this pin is containedin the next section of this chapter.Pin 11 ONI On IndicateThis output from the radio that indicates that the radio is on and operational.
Interface specification – Pin descriptions 37RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONThis line may be used by a computing device to qualify the handshaking outputson the serial interface. If CTS is low, and ONI is high, then the unit is ready toreceive data, but if CTS is low and ONI is low, then the radio is not ready toreceive data because it is off.When ONI is low, all inputs to the radio should be held low or disconnected.Otherwise, power will be consumed and wasted.Pin 12 TRI Transmit IndicateThe active (radio transmitting) state of this line is high.This output from the radio that is asserted while the RIM 802D is transmitting apacket to the network base station. TRI has a built-in current limiter that allowsit to drive an LED directly, to provide real-time visual feedback to the user thatthe radio is transmitting packets. If this is not necessary, the line can simply beleft disconnected.This line will supply 3 mA to a standard LED, and is short-circuit protected.This line is low when the Radio is off.Pin 14 ~RI ~Ring IndicateThis is an output from the radio.When ~DTR is not asserted (high), the RIM 802D asserts ~RI (low) to indicatethat it has data waiting for the computing device. The radio will not transfer thedata until ~DTR is asserted (low). This line can be used to wake up a suspendedcomputing device when the radio needs to communicate with it. If ~DTR isalready asserted (low) when the radio has data to send the computing device, ~RIwill not be asserted.For NCL implementations, this line indicates that the radio has an NCL framewaiting to transfer to the computing device. This line should also bedisconnected if your application does not use it.For RAP implementations, ~RI is not used and should not be connected.
38 Interface specification – Pin descriptionsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONPin 15 ~CTS ~Clear To SendThis is an output from the RIM 802D to the computing device. The active (clearto send) state of this line is low.When asserted low by the RIM 802D, this line indicates that the radio is ready toreceive data from the computing device. When this line is high, any data sentfrom the computing device to the RIM 802D may be lost. This is a flow controlmechanism that is normally reacted to by the UART in your serialcommunication system. If you do not plan to use it, leave it disconnected.Pin 16 ~RTS ~Request To SendThis line is an input to the radio. The active (request to send) state of this line islow.All NCL implementations require this line, but it is optional for RAPimplementations. This line should be asserted low by the computing device toindicate that it is ready to receive data from the RIM 802D. This is a flowcontrol mechanism that is normally handled by the UART in your serialcommunication system. If you do not connect this line to your UART, it must betied low so that it is permanently asserted and allows communication.If your device’s buffer overflows, it should set RTS inactive to signal theRIM 802D to pause in sending data. Note that there may be a 16-byte overrunafter the RTS line is made inactive, so your device should set RTS inactive atleast 16 bytes before any critical buffer overflows.Pin 17 ~DSR ~Data Set ReadyThis line is an output from the radio.The active (data set ready) state of this line is low. DSR can be used by yourcomputing device as a confirmation that the radio knows the state of theterminal. DSR follows DTR, so the two lines will always be at the same voltage.
Interface specification – Pin descriptions 39RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONPin 18 GND GroundThis line should be tied to the system ground of the host unit to ensure properoperation. Pin 9 should also be connected to ground.Pin 19 ~DTR ~Data Terminal ReadyThis line is an input to the radio.The active (data terminal ready) state of this line is low, and indicates that thecomputing device is ready to receive data from the RIM 802D. De-asserting thisline high will turn communication off; the RIM 802D would not attempt todeliver data to the computing device until ~DTR is again asserted low. Assertingthis line low will allow communication to resume.If you do not intend to use ~DTR, tie it to ground to ensure that it is alwaysasserted during radio operation.This line should be driven low when the radio is off. Driving ~DTR high whenthe radio is off will consume unnecessary power.Pin 20 TX TransmitThis line is an input to the radio. Its idle (no serial transmit activity) state is high.This is an asynchronous serial input to the radio unit, and should be connected tothe computing device’s Transmit Data output. This line carries data at 9600 bitsper second. The parameters are 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit.
40 Interface specification – How to turn the radio on and offIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONPin 21 RX ReceiveThis is an output from the radio. Its idle (no serial receive activity) state is high.This line is an asynchronous serial output from the radio unit, and should beconnected to the host terminal’s Receive Data input. This line carries data at9600 bits per second. The parameters are 8 bits, No parity, 1 stop bit.How to turn the radio on and offThe TURNON pin is a digital signal that turns the radio on and off. It eliminatesthe need for a power switch across the power supply to the radio.Turning the radio onTo turn the RIM 802D on, the software should first check the ONI pin. If ONI ishigh, but TURNON is being held low, then your application has recentlyrequested the radio to shut down, and the radio is performing shutdownoperations and should not be disturbed. Wait for ONI to go low beforecontinuing.If ONI is low, this indicates the radio is turned off. Set the TURNON line high toturn the radio on. The ONI pin will respond by going high, typically within 2seconds. Once the ONI pin is high, other handshaking and communicationsignals can begin.If the radio fails to respond to a high TURNON line, the radio may requireservice, or the power supplied to the radio may be too low for proper operation.Turning the radio OFFA controlled shutdown is necessary to allow the RIM 802D to tell the DataTACnetwork that it is off air. To turn the RIM 802D off, your software should de-assert the TURNON line by setting it low. The radio will then begin shutdownoperations, and the ONI pin will remain active until all shutdown operations arecomplete.
Interface specification – Loading firmware (optional) 41RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONShutdown will normally require several seconds to complete, and the radioshould not be disturbed while it is shutting down. Attempting to communicatewith the radio during shutdown may extend the time taken to perform shutdownoperations. The ONI signal will be de-asserted (low) when the radio has shutdown.All inputs to the radio should be low when the radio is turned off. This ensuresthat power consumption will be reduced to the lowest possible levels. Note thatif any line is left in the high state, as much as 5 mA may flow into the radiomodem.SDU data that has been received by the RIM 802D from the DataTAC network,but which has not been transferred to the computing device, will not be saved.The SDUs will be lost when the unit enters shutdown or is turned off.Following this shutdown procedure, it is not necessary to remove power frompins 7 and 8, unless the application cannot tolerate the 0.02 mA current draw thatoccurs when the radio is shut down.Loading firmware (optional)The RIM 802D firmware controls the operation of the radio. RIM is committedto the quality of its firmware, and improvements or optimizations may be madefrom time to time. The radio is designed so that loading revised firmware is notnecessary; two RIM radios with different firmware revisions will always be ableto communicate with each other through the wireless network.Because of its size, firmware cannot be updated over the air. If you decide toimplement the ability to update the firmware after the radio is deployed, RIMcan provide a DOS or Windows programming utility that loads firmware into theradio. If your device is not DOS or Windows based, the programming utilitymust reside on a PC or laptop that is connected through its COM port to theradio’s RX and TX lines. This means that the RX and TX lines would be broughtout to an external connector, and a switch required to select whether the radio isconnected to your processor or to the external programming computer. Otherlines that are required during reprogramming are DTR (must be asserted low),TURNON (must be high), and GND.
66. Antenna selectionThe antenna is one of the most important components of a wirelesscommunication system. The right antenna will maximize the coverage area of theRIM 802D.The antenna that you choose should complement the needs of your specificproject. There are many different antenna types and options that will meet yourengineering and user requirements while remaining within budget constraints.We strongly recommend the use of an experienced antenna provider in order torealize the highest gain possible. A well-designed antenna solution willmaximize efficiency, coverage area, and battery life.Selecting an antennaAntenna manufacturers have designed and manufactured a wide variety ofantennas for use on the DataTAC network, and for other radio-frequency (RF)systems operating in the 800 MHz range. RIM does not recommend specificantennas because the choice of antenna is application-dependent.The performance of an antenna depends on its configuration and environment:the same antenna will behave differently in one device than in another device,even if both devices use the same RIM 802D radio modem. For example,magmount antennas include a magnetic base that allows the antenna to clamponto a metal surface. This surface is called a ground plane, and reflectselectromagnetic radiation that would otherwise be lost to the antenna. Thiseffectively doubles the length of the antenna by creating a virtual “mirror image”of the antenna beneath the plane.
44 Antenna selection – Selecting an antennaIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONAntenna requirementsThe following are the minimum requirements of the antenna system used withthe RIM 802D.Impedance: 50 Center frequency: 833 MHz, 5 MHzthis is deliberately biased toward transmit because ofthe exceptionally sensitive receiver in the radio; ithelps balance the two-way link between the radiomodem and the network base stationFrequencies of operation: 806 to 825 MHz (transmit)851 to 870 MHz (receive)Acceptable return loss: VSWR < 1.5 or RL < 14 dB (recommended)VSWR < 2.0 or RL < 10 dB (minimum acceptable)required across the frequencies of operationSupplier contact informationLarsen Antenna Technologies, Inc. Larsen Antenna Technologies-Canada, Ltd.Vancouver, WA, USA Burnaby, B.C., Canadatel: (800) ANTENNA / (360) 944-7551 tel: (800) 663-6734 / (604) 299-8517fax: (800) 525-6749 / (360) 944-7556 fax: (800) 689-2199 / (604) 299-4191www.larsenantenna.comAustin Antenna (subsidiary of World Wireless Communications Inc.)Salt Lake City, UT, USAtel: (801) 575-6600fax: (801) 575-6621www.worldwireless.comCenturion International, Inc.Lincoln, NE, USAtel: (800) 228-4563 / (402) 467-4491fax: (800) 826-3774 / (402) 467-4528www.centurion.com
Antenna selection – Introduction to antenna terminology 45RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONAndrew CorporationOrland Park, IL, USAtel: (708) 349-3300fax: (708) 349-5444www.andrew.comIntroduction to antenna terminologyThis section introduces some of the terminology that is used to describeantennas, and expands on the summary of antenna requirements, above.Gain and ERPAntennas produce gain by concentrating radiated energy in certain areas, andradiating less energy in other directions. The amount of gain depends on theradiation pattern, antenna match, and antenna efficiency. Antenna gain is givenas a rating of the maximum increase in radiated field energy density relative to adipole antenna, expressed in decibels of power gain (dBd).A dipole is a balanced antenna consisting of two radiators that are each aquarter-wavelength, making a total of a half-wavelength. The widespread use ofhalf-wave dipole antennas at VHF and UHF has led to the use of a half-wavedipole as the reference element.The power output of the RIM 802D is 2.0 W at the antenna port, and the antennagain (or loss) will result in an increase (or decrease) in this value. The actualoutput is called the Effective Radiated Power, or ERP. For example, if theRIM 802D is putting out 2.0 W of power to a 2.3 dBd gain antenna, the ERP is2.0 10^(2.3 10) = 3.4 W, the actual power radiated by the antenna in thedirection of maximum gain and polarization.Impedance matching, return loss, and VSWRThe antenna, cables, and connectors in a radio frequency system must all possessthe same impedance. The impedance required by the RIM 802D is 50 , whichis a widely-available industry standard. Any deviation from this value may resultin impedance mismatch.
46 Antenna selection – Introduction to antenna terminologyIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONImpedance mismatch can be caused by cable connections, cable lengths, andimperfections in the cables and connectors. The mismatch causes some of theradio frequency energy to be reflected back from the location of the mismatch.This interferes with the signal and reduces its amplitude, resulting in a powerloss.Antenna mismatch can be expressed as a return loss (RL), which is simply theratio of reflected power to the incident power, expressed in decibels.RL u10 10log PPreflectedoutputEquation 1: Return LossThe Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is another way of expressing theratio of incident power (from the RIM 802D) to reflected power (into theRIM 802D).VSWR 1PP1 - PPreflectedoutputreflectedoutputEquation 2: VSWRVSWR = 1 or RL = dB is a perfect match. In practice, there will always beimperfections, which means that VSWR will be greater than 1 and RL will be anegative number.VSWR and RL normally vary as a function of frequency. The RIM 802D’sfrequency range includes 806 to 825 MHz (transmit) and 851 to 870 MHz(receive). The minimum acceptable match across this range must beVSWR < 2.0 or RL < 10 dB. For best performance, the recommended antennamatch at these frequencies is VSWR < 1.5 or RL < 14 dB.Antenna sizeThe optimal antenna radiation efficiency is produced by an antenna measuringone wavelength, . The value of for the RIM 802D is 36.0 cm, and is
Antenna selection – Antenna design considerations 47RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONcalculated by dividing the speed of light c = 3 x 108 m/s by the center frequencyf = 833 MHz. Because the RIM 802D’s receiver is so sensitive, this valueincludes a 5 MHz bias toward the transmit frequencies to help balance the uplinkand downlink between the radio modem and the network base station.Antenna lengths of /2, /4, and /8 also work well, and usually result in arelatively well matched antenna. /2 or /4 can be electrically “shortened” byadding load matching elements to control the antenna match. However, thisshortening will reduce the antenna efficiency and therefore the effective radiatedpower.Antenna design considerationsProper positioning of the antenna will maximize the gain provided by theantenna. In determining the proper position, the designer must carefully considerthe environment in which the device will be used. Physical devices can varysignificantly, and incorporating the antenna is an integral part of a successfuldesign.The DataTAC network is based on vertically polarized radio-frequencytransmission. Therefore, the antenna should ideally be oriented so that itprovides vertical polarization. This is achieved by positioning the antennavertically upward when the RIM 802D is in use. In small, hand-held devices, itmay be convenient to design the unit in such a way that the antenna folds out ofthe way when not in use.The antenna should be located as far from the active electronics of thecomputing device as possible. In general, metal construction in the case of thecomputing device and its internal components may attenuate the signal in certaindirections. This is not desirable, as it would reduce the sensitivity and transmitperformance of the radio modem when the computing device is held orpositioned in certain orientations. However, the judicious use of metal in theconstruction of a ground plane for an antenna can significantly improve theantenna gain and the coverage area of the system.If the computing device is designed to sit on a surface, then the antenna shouldbe as far from the bottom of the device as possible. This will reduce radio-frequency (RF) reflections whenever the device is placed on a metal surface.
48 Antenna selection – Antenna design considerationsIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONWhen the computing device is hand-held or is worn next to the body of the user,the antenna should be positioned to radiate away from the body. Otherwise, thebody will absorb the radiated energy and the effective coverage area of the radiowill be reduced. This will also help the device meet the FCC’s RF exposurerequirements.For best results, the antenna should be connected directly to the antenna cable. Ifan extension cable is required, it should be low loss, as short as possible, andhave an impedance of 50 . It is important that a proper matching connector beused, as each connector in the signal path introduces a return loss and reducesperformance.The following additional notes are provided courtesy of Larsen AntennaTechnologies:“There are a number of critical issues to consider when integrating antennasinto portable RF systems. It is important to make allowances early in the designprocess to optimize performance and provide flexibility in antenna choice.Generally, it is prudent to position the antenna “up and away” from the radioand printer motors to maximize noise reduction and receiver desensitivity. Other“high noise” areas to be avoided include displays and keypads that canseriously degrade antenna performance. Advances in antenna shieldingtechniques may also be incorporated to retain the integrity of the system.“Mechanical issues for an integrated antenna revolve around proper cablerouting and use of service loops to provide uninhibited antenna rotation ifneeded. The ability to position the antenna in a manner which will result inantenna deformation, impact resistance and aesthetic requirements must alsobe considered to design a workable form factor. The option to position theantenna vertically when in use so that performance is optimized is anotherconsideration which can be limiting and a true consideration when choosing touse off-the-shelf solutions.“Custom antenna solutions may be worthy of consideration for some projects.In some applications, custom designed antennas have shown performanceincreases of up to 2 dB when compared to quality off-the-shelf solutions. Thecost of a custom design and resulting production can be as cost efficient as anoff-the-shelf solution for projects requiring quantities as low as 20,000antennas. The use of state-of-the-art antenna theory, printed circuit technology,and application of evolving concepts can produce antennas with reduced sizedwithout compromising performance.“Examining the options available, and choosing an antenna early in thedevelopment process, can only benefit the performance and aesthetic appeal of
Antenna selection – Shielding 49RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONa product. The engineering staff at Larsen Antenna Technologies are experts inthis field with over 30 years of experience in helping OEMs reach their antennadesign and production objectives.”ShieldingThe electrical design of the RIM 802D provides high immunity to radio-frequency (RF) noise, or electromagnetic interference (EMI). The metal casingalso acts as a shield to help minimize the effect of RF interference originatingfrom the computing device to which it is attached, and to prevent the RIM 802Dfrom emitting RF energy into the computing device and disrupting the computingdevice’s operation.Consequently, you do not need to provide any additional RF shielding betweenthe RIM 802D and a computing device, unless the environment contains anextreme level of RF noise (electromagnetic interference). In fact, it would bemore important for the power supply to the RIM 802D to be free of high-frequency electrical noise, than to provide additional RF shielding.The antenna must be positioned in such a way that the radiated energy is directedaway from the computing device. If this is not possible, then RF shielding maybe required between the antenna and the computing device.Note that circuits with a high impedance, and sensitive analog circuits, areespecially vulnerable to nearby radio frequency emissions, and may need to beshielded. Typically-affected circuits include CRTs and LCD display drivers.FCC radio frequency exposure rulesDRAFT subject to changeBased on FCC rules 2.1091 and 2.1093 and FCC Guidelines for HumanExposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, OET Bulletin 65 and its
50 Antenna selection – FCC radio frequency exposure rulesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONSupplement C, all integrations of the RIM 802D OEM unit are subject to routineenvironmental evaluation for radio-frequency (RF) exposure prior to equipmentauthorization or use.For portable devices, defined in accordance with FCC rules as a transmittingdevice designed to be used within 20 cm of the user body under normaloperating conditions, RF evaluation must be based on Specific Absorption Rate(SAR) limits in W/kg. SAR is a measurement of the rate of energy absorptionper unit mass of body tissue.For mobile devices, defined as a transmitting device designed to be generallyused such that a separation distance of at least 20 cm is maintained between thebody of the user and the transmitting radiated structure, the human exposure toRF radiation can be evaluated in terms of Maximum Permissible Exposure(MPE) limits for field strength or power density in mW/cm2.How to comply with FCC SAR/MPE guidelinesRIM has submitted module-specific information and test reports for a genericMPE compliance.The antennas tested are: Larsen NMO Q 800B (0 dBd gain) Andrew (formerly The Antenna Company) Eclipse II Mag Mount(3 dBd gain)The Larsen ground plane mount antenna with a 6 foot cable length passes theMPE test when it is 20 cm from the user. Similarly the passing distance for theEclipseII magmount antenna, with 6 foot cable, is 20 cm.If the RIM 802D radio modem is integrated in a vehicle, and if one of these twoantennas is used, the MPE limits will not be exceeded provided that the antennasare installed at least 20 cm from any edge of the vehicle rooftop. This can beaccomplished by making it mandatory for the customer to put a prominentwarning in their user manual to tell the installer to make sure that the antenna isproperly mounted in the centre of the vehicle rooftop. The user should also bewarned to maintain the minimum required distance from the antenna.Please note that the FCC grant for the RIM 802D does not limit or restrict it tooperate in vehicle-mount configurations. As long as the antenna type, gain, cable
Antenna selection – FCC radio frequency exposure rules 51RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONloss, and minimum separation distance satisfy the MPE limits (through properinstallation), and an appropriate warning statement is included in the usermanuals of the final product, the FCC grant conditions are satisfied. Forexample, in a non-vehicle situation you may need to provide semi-fixedinstallation procedures for magmount antennas to ensure the MPE separationdistances are met for satisfying grant conditions and to overcome mobility issuescaused by such antennas.Warning: If you use an antenna with different characteristics, then your endproduct is not covered by RIM testing and submission, and you must performyour own testing, submit for a separate FCC ID, and go through the appropriateprocess. It is mandatory for portable end products such as handheld and body-worn devices to comply with FCC RF radiation requirements with respect to theSAR limit.The submission should include end product information, end product SAR/MPEtest report, and a reference to the RIM module FCC ID for all other Part 90requirements.RIM strongly recommends the use of APREL Laboratories for SAR/MPEtesting, because of their experience with this type of testing of devices usingRIM radio modems. Contact:Dr. Paul CardinalAPREL Laboratories51 Spectrum WayNepean, Ontario, CanadaK2R 1E6Tel: (613) 820-2730Fax: (613) 820-4161Email: p.cardinal@aprel.comDuring the SAR/MPE testing, the RIM testing software resides on an externalPC that requires the ability to communicate with the radio directly. This meansthat the device you submit for testing must have an external connector that canbe used to connect the radio to a PC. If your device can run DOS programs, RIMcan provide a DOS-based utility that joins two COM ports. This can be useful ifthe radio might be connected to a handheld device’s internal COM 4 port. Theremay also be an RS232 serial connection COM 1 that is external to the device. Itwould be possible to make a virtual link between the two COM ports, so that anexternal device connected to COM 1 can communicate with the radio connectedto the internal COM 4, eliminating the need to remove the radio from thehandheld device.
52 Antenna selection – FCC radio frequency exposure rulesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONSAR and MPE limitsSAR limits for General Population/Uncontrolled exposure is 1.6 W/kg for partialbody exposure, averaged over 1 g of tissue and 4 W/kg for hands, wrists and feetaveraged over 10 g of tissue. The limits for Occupational/Controlled exposureare more relaxed, i.e., 8 W/kg for partial body and 20 W/kg for hands, wrists andfeet. The 1.6 W/kg limit applies for most of RIM OEM integrators.The limit for MPE is 0.53 mW/cm2 at 800 MHz.GuidelinesRF exposure distance is based on normal operating proximity to the user’s ornearby persons’ body. This distance is measured from any part of a radiatingstructure, which is generally the antenna, to the closest body part. A set of testsmust be performed to determine the passing distance that meets the exposurelimits with respect to SAR for handheld, body-worn, and portable devices, orMPE for vehicular and mobile devices, if antennas other than the three tested byRIM are used.Operating manual compliance statementFor mobile and vehicular devices, you should include a statement in youroperation, user, and/or installation manual making the user aware of RFexposure issues and ensuring that the users keep a passing distance from theantenna while transmitting. You should provide instructions or diagrams in themanual for proper antenna mounting and position, when applicable, to ensure asafe exposure distance to the operator and nearby persons.For handheld, body-worn, and portable devices, separate FCC approval isrequired to be in compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines with respect tothe SAR limits.LabelIf the minimum separation distance of the final device configuration cannot bemet due to occasional non-essential operating conditions or requirements, thenthe device needs to have an RF radiation hazard label warning the user or nearbypersons to keep away from the antenna by the specified distance. Compliance
Antenna selection – FCC radio frequency exposure rules 53RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem – Integrator’s Guide DRAFT VERSIONwith respect to SAR limits which satisfy MPE limits would not require warninglabels, but an RF radiation warning label can be used to alert the user or nearbypersons about abnormal usage conditions.For more informationSections 2.1091 and 2.1093 of the FCC Rules, which govern RF exposure limits,are available at:www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx/47cfr2.htmlBulletin 65 and its Supplement C, issued by the FCC’s RF Safety Group (Officeof Engineering and Technology), is available at:www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins/#65Further information concerning the bulletin can be obtained by contacting the RFSafety Group:Telephone: (202) 418-2464Email: rfsafety@fcc.govWeb: www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafetyInquiries can also be directed to the FCC’s Call Centre. The toll-free number is:1-888-CALL-FCC (1-888-225-5322)You may contact Research In Motion’s engineering development team at:Email: rim802d@rim.netTelephone: (519) 888-7465
SpecificationsThe following is a summary of the RIM 802D OEM radio modem specifications.Power supply & typical current usage Single power supply; operating range: 4.1 to 4.75V DC Single 3.0V logic line to turn on/off Battery save stand-by mode: 0.2 mA (at 4.4 V) Receive / express stand-by mode: 66 mA (at 4.4 V) Transmit mode: up to 1.7 A (at 4.4 V, output 2.0W) Average current draw (heavy usage: 5% receive, 0.05% transmit, 94.95% standby)4.3 mA (at 4.4 V) if low-power standby mode is used8.8 mA (at 4.4 V) if low-power standby mode is not usedRF properties Transmit frequency: 806 to 825 MHz 2.0 W nominal maximum transmit power at antenna port Receive frequency: 851 to 870 MHz Receiver sensitivity: -118 dBm(MDC) and –111dBm(RD Lap) at 0.01 bit error rate(BER) 8000 bps 0.3 BT GMSK FCC Parts 15 and 90 pending Industry Canada RSS 119 pendingSerial communications 3.0V asynchronous serial port 8 bits with no parity (NCL and RAP) Link speed: 9600 bps Link level protocols: Radio Access Protocol (RAP) Native Control Language (NCL)Other features “MENU” is a simple-to-use firmware utility displays serial number, LLI, RSSI level,battery strength, and network parameters. It can also select different DataTACnetworks or "ping" the network to test the radio modem.
56 Specifications – FCC radio frequency exposure rulesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSION Software can activate radio Hardware flow control Radio parameters stored at power down Terminal devices may power-down while radio-modem remains operationalMechanical & environmental properties Weight: 35 g (1.2 oz), including case Footprint: 42.0 by 67.5 mm (1.65” x 2.66”) Thickness: 8.4 mm (.33”) 3.0V interface connector: 22 pin FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) connector Antenna cable connector: MMCX Tested to IEC 68-2-6 Part 2 for vibration Metal case Operating temperature tested to: -30°C to +70°C (at 5-95% relative humidity, non-condensing) Storage temperature: -40°C to +85°C
Glossary of termsTerm: Meaning:C The speed of light.dB decibel. A measure of power, based on a logarithmic scale.FPC Flexible Printed Circuit. The interface cable on theRIM 802D is made using this type of flat multi-conductorwiring. Also known as FFC (Flat Flex Cable).Gain In this document, refers to increase/decrease in radiatedpower.LLI Logical Link Identifier. Each DataTAC radio modem hasone unique LLI. A LLI is a 32-bit number. The networkoperator will assign a LLI to each radio modem when theyauthorize its use on their DataTAC network.NCL Native Control Language. The link layer protocolexchanged via an asynchronous full-duplex serial channelbetween a data terminal or computing device and theRIM 802D OEM Radio Modem.MMCX The connector on the RIM 802D to which an antenna cableis connected.DataTAC A radio network and its communication protocols.SDU Service Data Unit. A parcel of data transferred between theDataTAC network and the radio modem.Network Operator The corporation or agency which installs, maintains andauthorises use of a DataTAC network in a given area,usually within one country.Noise Refers to undesired, random interference combining withthe signal. If the device is not immune to noise, theinterference must be overcome with a stronger signalstrength. Noise can be produced by electronic components.
58 – FCC radio frequency exposure rulesIntegrator’s Guide – RIM 802D OEM Radio Modem DRAFT VERSIONTerm: Meaning:OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer. Usually implies that the“OEM product” is carried another manufacturer’s name.The RIM 802D is designed to be embedded in OEMterminals, PCs, and data gathering equipment.OSI The Open Systems Interconnection model allows differentsystems, following the applicable standards, tocommunicate openly with each another.Polarity Direction of current flow. Connecting some cables with thewrong polarity (i.e. backward) may damage the device.Radio Modem A device which provides modulation and demodulation fora radio frequency communications system.Radiation In this document, “radiation” refers to the emission ofelectromagnetic energy in the radio frequency (RF) band.Do not confuse this with radioactive particle emissionscaused by nuclear reactions.RAP Radio Access Protocol. An alternative to the NCLprotocol, found on the RIM 802D. Provides simplerimplementation.Return Loss A measure of antenna matching.RF Radio Frequency.RS-232 The standard asynchronous serial communications interfaceused by most existing personal computers and mini-computers. Usually refers to both the communicationsprotocol and the electrical interface.SMA An RF connector type.TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic. Used in digital circuits. Low(0) is represented by 0 V and High (1) by 5 V. TheRIM 802D uses 3.0V for High.Type Approvals These approvals are required by most governments beforeradio transmitters and equipment containing radiotransmitters can be used. In the USA, a device must betested and certified by an independent lab which isrecognized by the FCC.UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. Used as aninterface between a microprocessor and a serial port.VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. A measure of antennamatching. See the Antenna Selection chapter.

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