CalAmp Wireless Networks 2424099-002 IntegraH User Manual Sect1

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INTEGRA
H Version
Technical Manual
INTEGRA-H
Copyright 2000 by DATARADIO COR Ltd.
Part Number: 001-4090-101/102
Revision 0
September 2000
DATARADIO COR Ltd. designs and manufactures radios and radio modems to serve a wide variety of data communication
needs. DATARADIO produces equipment for the fixed data market including SCADA systems for utilities, petrochemical,
waste and fresh water management markets and RF boards for OEM applications in the Radio Frequency Data Capture
market.
PRODUCT WARRANTY
The manufacturer's warranty statement for this product is available from D ATARADIO COR, Ltd. 299 Johnson Avenue,
Box 1733, Waseca, MN 56093-0833. Phone (507) 835-8819.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
is a trademark of DATARADIO, Inc.
SECTION 1
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.1 SCOPE OF MANUAL
This document provides information required for the operation and preventive maintenance of the
DATARADIO COR Ltd. Integra-H Spread Spectrum Radiomodem. This manual is intended for system designers,
professional installers and maintenance technicians
1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Integra-H is a high-speed protocol transparent radiomodem. It is designed specifically to fit the needs of
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), telemetry and control applications. Integra-H provides the
communication links to data equipment for installations where wired communication is impractical.
Integra-H will work with most makes and models of remote terminal units (RTU) and programmable logic
controllers (PLC) and their protocols. Configuration settings allow tailoring for a variety of application
requirements.
Integra-H supports:
1. Point to point configuration in switched simplex mode
2. Point to multipoint configuration
Settings and connections for these configurations are given later in this manual
1.2.1 CHARACTERISTICS
Integra-H has the following characteristics:
Selectable network speeds of 9600, 19200, 21400, and 25600 b/s
One COM port for connection to DTE. Speed of 300 - 19200 baud
l One Setup port, for configuration and diagnostics output (speed fixed to 9600 baud, 8 bit, (unlicensed
frequency hopping band) no parity, 1 stop bit
l Built-in 0.1 - 1-watt transceiver, operating in the 902-928 MHz communications bands
l Fully transparent operation with error-free data delivery (no “dribble bits”)
l Allows transmission of “break” characters
l DOX (Data Operated Transmit) or RTS mode
l Two 8-bit analog inputs (0 - 10V)
l Low power consumption modes: “sleep” and “suspend” modes (< 20 mA)
l “13.3 VDC, negative ground” device
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.2.2 ACCESSORIES AND OPTIONS
Table 1-1 Integra-H Accessories and Options
Accessory
DRL Part Number
Local RSS & RDS software kit (diskette and setup/data cable)
SMA Male - BNC Female adapter cable
Power cable
023-4090-005
023-3410-098
732-03273-001 (DRI p/n)
For information on accessories and options, contact your sales representative. In the United States phone
1-800-992-774. For international sales, phone 1-612-882-5529 or 1-305-829-4030.
1.2.3 CONFIGURATION
Operating characteristics of the Integra-H are configured by means of Integra-H Radio Service Software
(INTRSS). The RSS/RDS software kit also includes the Radio Diagnostic Software (INTDIAG), which permits
both local and remote diagnostics. These programs are Win/95 or later based (16 Megabytes of memory required).
Integra-H requires the use of INTRSS for both configuration and adjustment.
1.3 FACTORY TECHNICAL SERVICE
The Technical Service Department provides customer assistance on technical problems and serves as an
interface with factory repair facilities. They can be reached in the following ways:
Dataradio COR Ltd.
299 Johnson Avenue, P.O. Box 1733
Waseca, MN 56093-0833
Technical Service hours are: Monday to Friday 7:30 AM to 4:30 PM, Central Time
Phone: 1-800-992-7774
1-507-835-6408 or 1-507-835-8819
Fax:1-507-835-6648
Email address: support@dataradio-cor.com
1.4 PRODUCT WARRANTY
The warranty statement for the Integra-H is available by contacting your sales representative. DRL
warranties are included in .pdf format on CD versions of D ATARADIO technical manuals.
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.5 REPLACEMENT PARTS
This product is normally not field-serviceable, except by the replacement of complete units. Specialized
equipment and training is required to repair logic boards and radio modules.
Contact Technical Service for information before returning equipment. A Technical Service
representative may suggest a solution eliminating the need to return equipment.
1.6 FACTORY REPAIR
Dataradio products are designed for long life and failure-free operation. If a problem arises, factory
service is available. Contact the Technical Service Department before returning equipment. A service
representative may suggest a solution eliminating the need to return equipment.
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) is required when returning equipment to Dataradio for repair.
Contact the Technical Service Department at 800-992-7774, extension 6290 to request an RMA number. Be
prepared to give the equipment model and serial number, your account number (if known), and billing and
shipping addresses.
Include the RMA number, a complete description of the problem, and the name and phone number of a
contact person with the returned units. This information is important. The technician may have questions that need
to be answered to identify the problem and repair the equipment. The RMA number helps locate your equipment
in the repair lab if there is a need to contact Dataradio concerning the equipment. Units sent in for repair will be
returned to the customer re-tuned to the current Dataradio Test and Tune Procedure and will conform to all
specifications noted in this section
Customers are responsible for shipping charges (to Dataradio) for returned units in warranty. Units in
warranty are repaired free of charge unless there is evidence of abuse or damage beyond the terms of the warranty.
Dataradio covers return shipping costs for equipment repaired while under warranty.
Units out of warranty are subject to repair service charges. Customers are responsible for shipping charges
(to and from Dataradio) on units out of warranty. Return shipping instructions are the responsibility of the
customer.
1.7 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Integra-H consists of a logic PCB (which includes modem circuitry) and a radio module. Each logic PCB
and radio module are matched together and characterized in the factory to optimize performance as an intelligent
unit. The two boards then slide into the rails of an extruded aluminum case.
The Integra-H transceiver “hops” from channel to channel several times per second using a “hop” pattern
applied to the master and remotes in a network. A distinct hopping pattern is provided for each of the available
network addresses. This distinct pattern minimizes the chance of interference with other spread spectrum
networks. In the United States (and certain other countries), no license is necessary to install and operate this type
of spread spectrum system.
DTE connection is made via a front panel connector. Power is applied through a rear panel 4-pin
connector which includes two programmable analog connections usable as inputs or specialized outputs.
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The unit is not hermetically sealed and should be mounted in a suitable enclosure when dust and/or a
corrosive atmosphere are anticipated. Physically, there are no external switches or adjustments. All operating
parameters are set using the INTRSS software program.
1.8 DIAGNOSTICS
Integra-H has sophisticated built-in diagnostics that may be transmitted automatically without interfering
with normal network operation. In addition, commands to generate test transmissions, etc., may be issued either
locally or remotely.
Diagnostic information takes one of two forms:
Online diagnostics Information is automatically sent by each unit at the beginning of every data
transmission. Online diagnostics are available via the setup port or INTDIAG software.
Offline diagnostics Information is sent by a specific unit in response to an inquiry made locally or from
another station. Off
1.9 FIRMWARE UPGRADES
The Integra-H firmware resides in flash EPROM and is designed to allow field upgrades.
Upgrades are done using a PC connected to the Integra-H but do not require opening the unit. Upgrades
require interaction with DRL’s Technical Service.
1.10 INSTALLATION
1.10.1 PROFESSIONAL INSTALLATION REQUIRED
The Integra-H complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and must be professionally installed. Operation
must conform to the following conditions
lThis
device may not cause interference
lThis device must accept any interference including interference that may cause undesired operation of
the device
The installer of this equipment must ensure the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit
RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population; consult Safety Code 6 (available from
Health Canada).
1.10.2 ANTENNA CONNECTION
This equipment has been tested and approved with antennae having a maximum gain of 10 dB. Antennae
with a higher gain are strictly prohibited (regulations of Industry Canada). The required antenna impedance is 50
ohms. To reduce potential radio interference, the antenna type and its gain should be chosen to ensure the
equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than required for successful communication.
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
FCC/IC Rule: The output power is not to exceed 1.0 watt and the EIRP not to exceed 6 dBW if the hopset
uses 50 or more frequencies. A sample calculation is provided below.
Sample Calculation: Yagi Antenna: 10 dB
Cable Loss:
1 dB
Exceeds 6 dBi gain by 4 dB
Integra-H output must be reduced by 4 dB (plus 1 dB to account for cable loss)
30 dBm - 4 dB + 1 dB (cable loss) = 27 dBm at antenna port of Integra-H
after 1 dB loss through cable: 27 dBm - 1 dB = 26 dBm input to antenna
Result: reduction of 4 dB
10 dBm gain Yagi
ERIP = 36 dBm
26 dBm
27 dBm
Figure 1-1 Sample Equation Graphic
1.10.3 ACCEPTABLE ANTENNAE
The antennae listed in Table 1-2 were tested and typed for maximum gain. These antennae are FCC
approved for use with the Integra-H.
Table 1-2 Acceptable Antennae
Type
Manufacturer
Part Number
Gain (dBi)
Yagi
Maxrad
MYG9159
10
Omni Directional
Maxrad
MFB9157
Unity Gain
Maxrad
MFB9150
Whip
Maxrad
EXE-902-SM or
EXR-902-BN
1.10.4 SAFETY NOTICE
The Integra-H uses low power radio frequency transmitters. The concentrated
energy from an antenna may pose a health hazard. People should not be in front of
the antenna when the transmitter is operating.
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.11 NETWORK APPLICATION
Integra-H is suited to a variety of network applications. Its primary design goal satisfies the needs of
SCADA systems using RTUs, PLCs, or other similar equipment in either point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
service.
This section gives an overview of some common configurations. Selection of “master” or “remote” as
well as data delivery conditions is done using INTRSS.
1.11.1 RF PATH AND COMMUNICATIONS RANGE
Integra-H is designed for use over distances dependent on terrain and antenna system. To assure reliable
communications, the RF (radio frequency) path between stations should be studied by a competent professional
who can determine what antennae are required and whether or not a repeater is needed.
1.11.2 BASIC CONNECTIONS
The connections required are shown in Figure 1-2.
While an RTU or PLC is shown in the diagram, master stations often use a PC running an application
designed to communicate with remote RTUs or PLCs.
The Setup PC is used for both configuration and local and remote diagnostics. It may be left connected at
all times but is not required for normal operation once the unit has been configured.
13.3VDC / 2A
Regulated power supply
connects on rear
Figure 1-2 Basic Required Connections
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.11.3 COMMON CHARACTERISTICS
The networks described in this section share common characteristics:
1.The network speed (9600, 19200, 21400, and 25600 b/s) must be the same for all stations in a network.
2.Transmission of online diagnostics may be enabled or disabled at any station or stations without
affecting their ability to communicate with other stations.
1.11.4 POINT-TO-POINT SYSTEM
A simple point-to-point connection is shown in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3 Point-to-Point System
In this system, the user's equipment (DTE) is set up in a master-remote configuration.
1.11.5 POINT-MULTIPOINT SYSTEM
Basic point-multipoint systems are shown in Figure 1-4:
remote
Master
(simplex or half-duplex)
remote
remote
Figure 1-4 Point-Multipoint System
Using the Integra-H programming software, one Integra-H must be set to “master”. The remaining units in
the network must be set to “remote”. All units are set to “selective” data delivery to prevent remote stations from
hearing each other's responses.
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.11.6 EXTENDING A LANDLINE (TAIL CIRCUIT)
Integra-H may be used to extend a landline circuit (giving access to difficult locations, etc.). This type of
connection is called a “tail circuit” and is shown in Figure 1-5. The tail circuit assembly may be used in any of the
network types described in the preceding sections.
Integra-H
Figure 1-5 Landline (Tail Circuit)
Note: The phone-line modems should be full duplex units.
DE-9M
DE-9M
RTS
DCD
TXD
RXD
RXD
TXD
CTS
DTR
GND
GND
DCD
RTS
DTR
CTS
Figure 1-6 DCE Crossover Cable for RTS-CTS mode
Some point-to-point FDX landline modems or line drivers may require the use of DOX mode and an
alternate pinout for DTR, DCD, CTS and RTS as shown in Figure 1-8.
3 TXD
2 RXD
RXD 2
TXD 3
5 GND
GND 5
Figure 1-7 DCE Crossover Cable for DOX mode
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Master
Remote
Integra-H
Integra-H
Remote
Integra-H
Integra-H
Integra-H
Remote
RS-232 Serial
RS-232 Serial
Integra-H
Store and Forward Device
Figure 1-8 Point-Multipoint Using a Store and Forward Device
Master
Hop Sequence 1
Hop Sequence 2
Integra-H
Remote
Integra-H
Remote
Integra-H
Integra-H
Integra-H
Remote
Integra-H
Data line harness (RS232 Serial)
Figure 1-9 Point-Multipoint (Repeater)
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
These specifications are subject to change without notice.
GENERAL
Frequency
Controlled Channel Access
IF Channel Steps:
IF Channel Bandwidth
Operating Temperature
Supply voltage
Receive Current
Transmit Current
Standby Current
Data Format
User Data Rates
Data Protocol
Nominal Dimensions
902-928 MHz
Interference avoidance system Carrier Sense or Active Channel monitoring for dynamic channel
usage
50 kHz for systems
30 kHz (Minimum 512 channels @ 900 MHz)
-30° to + 60° C
10 - 16 VDC maximum
200 ma
650 ma
20 ma
Asynchronous 7 and 8 bit words
19200, 21400, 25600 baud
Transparent to user data
4.5" W x 2.2" H x 4.75" D (11.4 x 5.6 x 12.1 cm)
RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Intermodulation
Spurious Rejection
Conducted Spurious
Secondary Image
*psophometrically weighted
10-6 BER @ -105 dBm @ 9600 bps
75 dB
80
70
65 dB
TRANSMITTER
RF Power Output
Spurious and Harmonics
Frequency Stability
Output Impedance
Maximum SWR
Tx Duty Cycle
Modem / Logic
Operation
Data Bit Rates
Modulation Type
RTS/CTS Delay (RTS mode)
Addressing
Bit Error Rate (BER)
9600 b/s, 12.5 kHz
9600 and 4800 b/s, 25 kHz
19200 b/s, 25 kHz
COM Port
Interface
Data Rate
Protocol
Transmit Control
.100 -1 Watt, software adjustable
1.5 ppm
50 ohms
Stable over 10 to 1
100% unlimited Tx time
Switched Simplex
25 kHz channel: 19200, 21400, 25600 baud
DRCMSK (Differential Raise-Cosine Minimum Shift Keying)
4 ms
8 bit station address, 1 bit station type (master / remote)
1 x 10 -6 at 1.4 µV minimum /-104 dBm
1 x 10 -6 at 1.0 µV minimum / -107 dBm
1 x 10 -6 at 2.3 µV minimum / -100 dBm
EIA RS-232C
300 - 19200 b/s
Transparent, 7 or 8 data bits, 1 or 2 stop bits, even, odd or no parity
RTS or DOX (data operated transmit)
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Setup/Diag Port
Data Format
Data Rate
Analog Inputs
Interface
Proprietary binary for setup, ASCII for diagnostics
9600 b/s, 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
Two inputs, 0-10 VDC, 8 bits. May be read only via offline diagnostics.
Absolute maximum input voltage < 20 Vdc. Inputs are reverse-voltage protected.
Display
4 Bi-color status LEDs
RUN/PWR/ CS/SYN, RX/TX, RD/TD
Connectors
RF
COM
SETUP/DIAG
Power/Analog
SMA Female
DE-9F
DE-9F
Snap & Lock 4-Pin DC Power Jack
Diagnostics
Online
Offline
Short ID, temperature, B+ voltage, local RSSI, remote RSSI, fwd and rev power, Rx
Quality
As for Online plus: Demodulated Signal Voltage, Analog Input Levels
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SECTION 2
FEATURES AND OPERATION
2.1 OVERVIEW
This chapter describes the connections, indicators, and operating characteristics of the Integra-H.
This chapter is intended for system application and installation personnel.
2.2 FRONT PANEL
The various front panel elements are described in the following sections.
Figure 2-1 Integra-H Front Panel
2.2.1 ANTENNA CONNECTOR
Antenna connector is a female 50-ohm SMA- type. The Integra-H is designed to operate with an
antenna having a maximum gain of 10 dB. Antennae with a higher gain are strictly prohibited (FCC &
Industry Canada). Required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. The installer of this equipment must ensure
the antenna does not emit an RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population
(Safety Code 6 available from Health Canada).
2.2.2 RF EXPOSURE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
The Integra-H is intended for use in the SCADA market. It must be mounted within a fixed RTU.
The Integra-H must be professionally installed to ensure a minimum separation distance of more than 20
cm is maintained between the radiating structure and any person. Typical installation is the antenna
mounted on a tower. (In rare instances, a 1/2 wave whip antenna is used.) In these installations, the
antenna is mounted greater than the minimum distance of 20 cm.
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FEATURES AND OPERATION
2.2.3 SAFETY NOTICE
The Integra-H uses low power radio frequency transmitters. The concentrated energy
from an antenna may pose a health hazard. People should not be in front of the antenna
when the transmitter is operating.
2.2.4 LED INDICATORS
Integra-H has four two-color LED indicators. Their functions are shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 LED Color Functions
RUN/PWR
CS/SYN
RX/TX
RD/TD
Green
Flash green
Flash red & green
Flash red
Red
Off
Green
Red
Off
Green
Yellow
Red
Off
Green
Red
Normal operation
Sleep mode (flashes during wakeup)
Setup mode or loading new application or new bootloader
Firmware error*
CPU or PROM failure*
No RF RX carrier
Receive carrier present
(Reserved)
No RF RX carrier
Receiving network data
Synthesizer unlocked
Transmitter is on
Idle
RX data outgoing from RS-232 port
TX data incoming at RS-232 port
* Contact technical support.
2.2.5 CONNECTION TO DTE
Integra-H is configured as DCE. Most DTE should be connected using a nine-conductor pin-topin “straight” cable. Some RTUs or PLCs may require a special cable to route the signals correctly. See
the documentation for your data equipment for further information.
2.2.6 COM PORT
Baud rates from 300 to 19200 are supported. Integra's are factory set (default) for 9600 b/s, 8 bits,
no parity, and 1 stop bit. Unless required by your operating protocol, we advise restricting port speed to
be equal to or less than the RF network speed.
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FEATURES AND OPERATION
Table 2-2 COM Port Signals
Pin
Name
Function
DCD
RXD
TXD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
Output: Always asserted or asserted when receive RF carrier present (selectable via RSS)
Output: Data from Integra-H to DTE
Input: Data from DTE to Integra-H
Input: Ignored
Signal and chassis ground
Output: always positive
Input: Used as a “begin transmission” signal in RTS mode
Will “wake up” unit in sleep mode
Output: Used for handshaking in RTS mode and used for flow control in DOX mode
RTS mode: RTS to CTS delay in 4 ms
DOX mode: CTS always asserted except when data overflow is detected
Not internally connected, reserved
2.2.4.1 Connector Pin out
The DE-9F pin out is shown in Figure 2.2 for reference.
Figure 2-2 COM and Setup Port Connectors Pin Locations
2.2.4.2 Wire Connection (DOX)
For DTE that lack RTS control, Integra-H can operate in DOX mode (Data Operated
Transmit) with only Transmit Data, Receive Data and Ground (“3-wire interface”).
DE-9M
RXD
TXD
GND
Figure 2-3 3-Wire Interface
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FEATURES AND OPERATION
2.2.7 SETUP PORT
The Setup port uses a DE-9 female connector configured as DCE. Signals are described
Table 2-4.
Table 2-3 Setup Port Signals
Pin
Name Function
DCD
RXD
TXD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
Tied directly to DTR
Data from Integra-H to setup PC
Data from setup PC to Integra-H
Tied directly to DCD
Signal and chassis ground
Output: always positive (asserted)
Tied to CTS. Also monitored to “wake up” unit from sleep mode
Tied to RTS
Not internally connected, reserved
The Setup port uses a proprietary communications protocol designed to work with the Integra-H
RSS and RDS programs. It is also designed to provide numeric diagnostics information when connected
to a PC terminal emulator. (See section 2.5.1.2 for diagnostics format.)
2.3 REAR PANEL
Figure 2-4 Integra-H rear panel
2.3.1 HEAT SINK
The rear panel heat sink is essential for proper operation of the Integra-H transmitter. The unit
must be mounted in a location that permits free air circulation past the heat sink. Cooling will be best if
the fins are vertical.
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FEATURES AND OPERATION
2.3.2 POWER
The Integra-H power requires a regulated power source of 13.3 VDC nominal (10 - 16 VDC
max.) negative ground with a minimum 2.0 A rating. An internal surface-mount 3A modem fuse (not
field-replaceable) and a crowbar diode protect the main RF power components from reverse polarity.
Application of more than 16 VDC will damage the unit and is not covered by the warranty.
WARNING: Do not exceed 16Vdc.
2.3.3 POWER / ANALOG CONNECTOR
The 4-pin power / analog connector pin out is shown in Figure 2-5.
+13.3 VDC (1)
(red)
(2) GND
(black)
Analog 1 (3)
(green)
(4) Analog 2 /
RX-TP(white)
Figure 2-5 Power / Analog Connector
Note: The color of the power cable wires are shown in parenthesis. If the analog connections are
not used the green and white wires should be cut back and/or taped to prevent contact. (See Table 1-1 for
power cable part number)
2.3.4 ANALOG CONNECTIONS
The two analog connections can be programmed as inputs (monitoring) or as outputs.
2.3.4.1 Analog Inputs
Voltage inputs are scaled between 0 and 10 VDC and have a resolution of eight bits (1 part
in 256). Monitoring inputs, measured in tenths of a volt, are referenced to chassis ground.
The absolute maximum input voltage should not exceed 20 VDC. These inputs are reversevoltage protected. Integra-H allows reading the analog values, locally or remotely, using the
Offline Diagnostics function of the Radio Diagnostics Software (RDS) program. To use an
analog connection as input, ensure that the required input box is checked in the RSS program
under Settings / Analog Connector.
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FEATURES AND OPERATION
2.3.4.2 Analog outputs
To use an analog connection as output, be sure to check the appropriate box (in the RSS program
under Settings/Analog Connector) :
1. Analog 1 (green)
a. Input (or)
b. Fan Control
With the Fan Control selected, the output signal regulates fan operation. It is factory set
for all units equipped with the cooling option. The temperature-controlled opencollector transistor is rated 100 mA maximum.The unit’s internal thresholds are set for
ON ≈48º C and OFF at ≈38º C.
2. Analog 2 (white)
a. Input
The following two selections depend on hardware configuration and should not be changed in the
field.
b. Rx-Tp
With the Rx-Tp selected, the output signal performs as the receiver demodulated audio
signal test point (Rx-Tp). The Rx-Tp should measure 1 V p-p.
c. Antenna SW
Tx = Low
Rx = Open
With the Antenna Switch Control selected, the output is an open collector transistor rated at 100
mA max. The output signal supports the use of a redundant (HSB) base.
2.4 OPERATION
Integra-H is designed for fully transparent operation. This means that all binary values are
transmitted as data with minimum time delays and without regard to their binary value. “Break” signals
can also be transmitted. Unlike most transparent radiomodems, Integra-H eliminates “bit dribble” and
allows DOX operation. A CRC-16 error check is used so that faulty data will not be delivered.
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FEATURES AND OPERATION
2.4.1 OPERATING MODES
Integra-H has two operating modes for its COM port: (selectable via the RSS program)
DOX mode: The RS-232 port is monitored for incoming data. Upon receipt of the first data
byte, the transmitter is turned on. The RTS signal is ignored (Note: RTS may still be used as a wakeup
signal for a unit that is asleep).
RTS mode: The RTS signal is monitored for a low-to-high transition. This transition causes
Integra-H to turn on its transmitter. CTS is raised 4 ms later to accommodate DTE that requires a CTS
transition before it can send data. The transmission will continue until RTS is dropped or until the Tx
Time out (see section 2.8) expires.
CTS is used as a handshaking/flow control signal in both modes. If the Integra-H’s buffers fill,
CTS will be dropped as a signal to the DTE to stop sending data. This condition is most likely when the
Data port speed exceeds the radio network speed. In such cases, reduce the DTE baud rate so that
Integra-H buffers will not fill.
2.4.2 DATA FORWARDING TIMER
The data forwarding timer can modify the timing between data blocks in a transmission to
accommodate some RTU's special timing requirements. Set to “normal” (15 ms) unless advised
otherwise by technical support. Do not use “fast” (5 ms) timer below 2400 baud.
2.4.3 SENDING BREAK SIGNALS
Integra-H may be configured to send “break” signals, as required by some SCADA user
protocols. A break signal is generated by holding TXD in the zero state for longer than one character
time. Indication of a break signal is carried in a special data transmission to the remote station, which in
turn generates its own output break signal.
At a port speed of 19200 b/s, the output break signal has a duration of 5 to 10 ms, regardless of
the duration of the input break signal. These times are scaled proportionally for other baud rates. IntegraH may also be set to ignore “break” signals in order to prevent spurious transmissions when terminal
equipment is powered on and off.
2.4.4 COM PORT BAUD RATES
The COM port operates at standard baud rates from 300 to 19200 b/s. Baud rate is set using the
Integra RSS and is independent of the network speed setting.
We recommend that the COM port baud rate be set to a speed less than the network speed.
Setting a COM port baud rate higher than the network rate may result in data buffers filling, which in
turn may cause Integra-H to drop CTS. This could have detrimental effects on some protocols,
particularly those that ignore CTS.
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The COM port will support 7 or 8 data bits, one or two stop bits, and even, odd or no parity.
Selection is made via the Radio Service Software (RSS). These parameters may be set differently on
various Integra-H units without affecting their ability to communicate with each other.
2.4.5 ADDRESSING
Each Integra-H is associated with three identification numbers (addresses):
ESN: The Electronic Serial Number is uniquely assigned to each Integra-H at time of
manufacture and cannot be changed. It is identical to the serial number printed on the label of the unit.
Integra-H uses this number for identification only; it does not form part of the on-air protocol. The ESN
of a remote unit may be viewed with the RDS by doing a Remote GET.
Short ID: The short ID (maximum value of 254) is used to identify Integra-H for purposes of
diagnostics (both online and offline), remote configuration and commands. The default value of the short
ID (set at factory) is calculated from the ESN. This value may be changed via the Integra RSS. It is
important that all stations within a communicating group have unique short IDs.
Station Type: This is a 1-bit value used to identify the station as a master or remote. See 2.4.6.
2.4.6 STATION TYPE
On simplex or repeater networks, all remote stations can hear the master and many remote
stations can hear each other. Certain SCADA user protocols are designed with the assumption that
remote stations cannot hear the responses to polls made by other remote stations.
To allow operation with such protocols in simplex networks, Integra-H has a simple addressing
scheme. Stations may be designated as master or remote. This sets a flag in the header identifying the
type of the originating station.
On the receive side, Integra-H stations can be set to accept all data, or accept data only if it
originates from a station of the opposite type (selective). This choice is made by setting Data Delivery
to selective or all using the RSS.
2.5 ONLINE DIAGNOSTICS
Online diagnostics may be enabled or disabled on a per-unit basis without affecting intercommunication. Enabling this option adds about 2.5 ms delay at 19.200 b/s, 5 ms at 9600 b/s or 10 ms at
4800 b/s to each transmission, but has no other effect on network operation. At the beginning of each
data transmission from a unit, diagnostics are delivered locally to its own setup port regardless of the
Online Diagnostics setting. If user-enabled, diagnostics are also sent on the network.
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Where user applications require continuous data transmission from a master unit, diagnostics are
delivered locally to its own setup port regardless of the Online Diagnostics setting at the start of each
data transmission and also at intervals of 20 seconds. If user-enabled, diagnostics are also sent on the
network but only at the start of the first data transmission.
Reception of online diagnostics is always enabled and is delivered out at the Setup Port in an
ASCII form.
Online diagnostics do not interfere with normal network operation. The following information is
gathered:
lUnit's
“short ID”
case temperature: in degrees C
l Supply voltage (B+): in volts
l Local received signal strength: in dBm
l Remote received signal strength: in dBm
l Forward power: in watts
l Reverse power: good / poor
l Receive quality: based on last 15 data blocks received.
lInside
2.5.1 USING AN EXTERNAL PROGRAM FOR ONLINE DIAGNOSTICS
The Setup port communicates with the RDS using a proprietary protocol. However, if a terminal,
or PC running terminal software is connected to the Setup port, online diagnostic information will be
delivered in plain ASCII form. We will refer to the proprietary data format as RSS/RDS mode.
2.5.1.1 Initialization
When powered on, it will attempt to establish a link with the RSS/RDS and select its output
mode as follows:
1. If RTS is not exerted on the setup port, Integra-H will immediately switch to ASCII mode.
2. If RTS is exerted on the setup port, Integra-H will send an initialization message in RSS/RDS mode
and wait for the proper response form the RSS or RDS.
3. If there is no response, Integra-H will switch to ASCII mode.
A user-program should initialize the PC serial port with RTS false. This disables RSS/RDS
mode and only ASCII data will be output from the port.
2.5.1.2 Online Diagnostic String Format
In ASCII output mode, the setup port will output a one line diagnostic string each time the
unit receives a transmission from another unit. No other data will be output. The string
consists of a number of comma-delimited fields terminated by a carriage return. Each field
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within itself is a constant length, but the fields are not all uniform in length. Field definitions
are shown in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Online Window Field Definition
Name
Length
(in bytes)
Short ID
Temperature
B+
Remote RSSI
Local RSSI
FWD Power
Rev Power
Rx Quality
Description
1 - 254
Signed value
From 6.0 to 18.8 V
Signal strength received by remote station in dBm
Signal strength for this remote as received by local station in dBm
From 0.1 to 1 watt
0 = good
1 = poor
Number of good data blocks received in the last 15
Number of total data blocks detected, maximum 15
A typical diagnostic string (0003,+28,13.1,-093,-088,.9,1,015,015) would be interpreted as:
lRemote
station # 3 reports that:
l Its internal case temperature is +28°C
l Supply voltage is 13.1 VDC
l It is receiving a signal of -93 dBm from the master
l The master is receiving a signal of -88 dBm from station 003
l The forward power is .9 watt
l The reflected power is OK
l 15 of the last 15 data blocks were received correctly
2.5.2 INTERPRETING DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS
Interpretation of the diagnostic results is similar for both online and offline diagnostics.
Differences will be noted where they exist in the text. For simplicity, we continue to assume that
diagnostics are being collected at the master station.
2.5.2.1 Short ID
Online diagnostic data is identified by the Short ID of the unit. Users should make sure that
all units in a communicating group have unique Short IDs.
2.5.2.2 Temperature
Internal case temperature of sending unit. This is a 3-digit signed value in degrees C. This
value should remain within the limits of -30ºC to +60ºC ±2°C.
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2.5.2.3 B+ Voltage
Current value of supply voltage. SWB+ is a 4-digit value in volts, e.g. a value of 13.3
indicates 13.3 VDC. This value should remain within the limits of 10-16 VDC ±2%.
2.5.2.4 Remote RSSI
Displays the strength of the last valid data signal received by a reporting remote unit. In a
polling type network, the last signal usually originates from the polling master unit. For the
master itself, the last signal received is that of the remote that answered the previous poll.
This is a 4-digit value, including the leading minus sign, expressed in dBm with a typical
accuracy of +/- 2dB. For example, a value of -090 indicates a signal strength of -90 dBm.
2.5.2.5 Local RSSI
Displays the strength of the last valid data signal received by the connected Integra-H unit.
The format described in the Remote RSSI section above applies.
2.5.2.6 Interpreting RSSI Readings
Typical values of RSSI will be in the range of -110 to -60 dBm (depending on network
speed), with higher values (i.e. less negative values) indicating a stronger signal.
Reliability of data reception depends largely on signal strength. Good design practice calls
for a minimum 30 dB “fade margin”, based on a threshold reception level of -107 dBm (1
uV) at speed of 9600 b/s. Experience indicates that this will give about 99.5% reliability.
Some representative performance values for 9600 b/s operation are given below. These
values assume that the units are correctly aligned and installed in a quiet location.
Environments with high electrical or RF noise levels will require an increase in the numbers
shown to achieve a given level of reliability.
-100 dBm Approximately 50% reliability. Fading may cause frequent data loss.
-90 dBm Approximately 90% reliability. Fading will cause occasional data loss.
-80 dBm Approximately 99% reliability. Reasonable tolerance to most fading.
-70 dBm Approximately 99.9% reliability with high tolerance to fading.
If RSSI values drops seasonally the most likely cause is tree foliage which can interfere with
radio transmissions during the spring and summer.
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2.5.2.7 Forward Power
Approximate measure of transmit power. This is a 4-digit value in watts rounded to the
nearest tenth. Note that this is an approximate value that should be used for trend
monitoring only. It does not compare in accuracy with values obtained by a standard
wattmeter.
2.5.2.8 Interpreting Power Readings
The values returned are approximate and should not be regarded as an absolute indicator of
performance. For example, a unit that shows a forward power of .9 watt may actually
measure at .9 watt on a lab quality wattmeter. For this reason, these values should not be
used to indicate that a unit is out of spec or to compare one unit to another.
However, the values returned should be consistent for any given unit. If statistics are kept on
a unit per unit basis, changes in forward or reflected power can be monitored. The following
conditions are worthy of investigation.
1.Forward power output (in watts) drops or rises by more than 10% from its established value.
Reflected power remains low. This indicates that the transmitter may need alignment or that a component may be in need of replacement.
2.Forward power output drops by more than 10% from its established value or reflected power shows
an increase. This indicates a possible antenna or feedline problem that affects SWR (Standing Wave
Ratio).
2.5.2.9 Reverse Power
Approximate measure of reverse (reflected) power. The value is returned differently for online and offline diagnostics:
Online: The value returned is 0 if reverse power is within acceptable limits, 1 if reverse
power is too high. The threshold is set to approximately 1/3 of the forward power value.
Offline: Value is in watts to the nearest tenth. This value is intended as an indication of
antenna problems and will normally be used for trend monitoring. Ideally it should be close
to zero, but values up to about 15% of Forward Power may be encountered in properly
operating systems.
We recommend recording values following original installation for use as future reference.
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2.5.2.10 Reverse Power and SWR
A reverse power reading above zero is an indication that the antenna, feedline or connectors
are damaged, corroded or improperly tuned. This creates standing waves that are reported as
a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR).
Table 2-5 is based on a forward power of 1 watt (it may be scaled for lower power settings)
and gives guidelines to interpreting these figures:
Table 2-5 SWR / Rev Pwr Interpretation
SWR
Rev Pwr
1:1
1.5:1
2:1
3:1 or greater
0.05
0.2
0.3 or greater
Significance
Ideal situation
Normal operation
Should be investigated
Defective antenna, feedline, or connectors
Should values returned by the built-in diagnostics seem to indicate a problem, verify using
proper radio shop equipment.
2.5.2.11 RX Quality Indicator
This is the number of good received data transmissions out of the last 15. The receive quality
indicator value returned by any remote unit to the master station is an indication of the
reception quality on the outbound path.
If the master station is monitored, either from a remote station or by using a local GET
STATS, users should note that the receive quality indicator thus returned is a composite value
which represents the average reception from the last 15 remotes. Any significant drop in the
receive quality indicator returned by the master station is likely to indicate a problem with
the master station receiver itself rather than any one remote station.
2.6 OFFLINE DIAGNOSTICS
Offline diagnostics are returned in response to a specific request to a particular station. Requests
are issued using the Integra RDS, either locally or remotely from another station. This may cause slight
temporary network disruption. We recommend the user application be offline.
The diagnostic information available is similar to that available from online diagnostics with the
following additions:
lDemodulated
signal voltage: peak-to-peak
1 input voltage: 0 - 10.0 VDC
lAnalog 2 input voltage: 0 - 10.0 VDC
lReverse power: in watts rather than a good / poor flag.
lAnalog
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2.7 LOW POWER OPERATION
To accommodate users, who operate sites with limited available power, Integra-H offers the
following power saving features:
lReduced
transmit power
mode
lSleep mode
lSuspend
2.7.1 REDUCED TRANSMIT POWER
The Integra-H transmitter is type-approved for power levels varying from .1 to 1 Watt. Select the
desired power setting using the Integra RSS.
2.7.2 SUSPEND MODE
Note: As long as the RTS is asserted (on any port), the unit will be kept awake.
2.7.2.1 Remote Station
Remote stations remain in “low power consumption mode” (< 20 mA) waking up
periodically for about 100 ms to check the presence of a carrier. If a carrier is present, the
unit will remain awake for a period set by the Activity timeout. At the end of that time, if a
carrier is present or if data has been decoded, the Activity timeout is restarted. If there is no
carrier or no data was decoded, the unit goes into “low power consumption mode” for the
duration of the Suspend period. The Suspend period can be set via the RSS to any value
between 50 to 12000 ms in 50 ms steps. Setting a value of 0 disables the Suspend mode. The
Activity timeout can be set via the RSS to any value between 1 and 255 seconds. The same
Activity timeout and Suspend period values must be set for both master and remote
stations.
2.7.2.2 Master Station
Master stations always remain awake. To make sure those suspended remotes have time to
wake up for outbound master data transmission, the master unit will automatically extend its
start-of-transmission synchronization time to slightly exceed that of the remote stations'
Suspend period. This is done only for the first transmission. If the subsequent master
transmissions begin within the Activity timeout setting, it will then begin with a normal startof-transmission synchronization time.
If the delay between master transmissions is more than the Activity timeout, the next
transmission will be extended.
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2.7.3 SLEEP MODE
In this mode, the unit is always in low power consumption (< 20 mA). Only asserting RTS on the
COM or the SETUP ports can wake-up the unit. When the unit is sleeping, it cannot detect the presence
of a carrier. This mode can be selected from the RSS. The unit will be ready to receive a carrier and
decode data within 45 to 65 ms (depending on radio model and temperature) after wake-up.
2.7.4 REMOTE UNIT WAKE-UP BY DTE
A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) connected at an Integra-H (configured as remote) can be
awakened by raising either RTS inputs.
DOX mode: either COM or SETUP ports RTS can be used for wake-up. Data from DTE cannot
wake-up the unit.
RTS mode: the SETUP port RTS can be used for wake-up without causing transmission.
2.8 EXTENDED PREAMBLE
This selection is used to extend the transmitted synchronization time when the Integra-H is used
as remote or master in networks with repeaters. This time is in addition to the standard transmitter turnon time. Depending on user's protocol, add 5 to 10 ms for each repeater the Integra-H communicates
through in the network.
2.9 OPTIMIZING YOUR SYSTEM
Detailed system engineering is beyond the scope of this manual. However, there are some simple
tips that can be used to optimize performance of a radio based SCADA or telemetry system.
Choose the best protocol Some SCADA devices allow a choice of more than one operating
protocol. In some cases, performance can be improved by selecting a different protocol. Contact
Technical Service for assistance.
Check timer settings Polling protocols issue a poll and wait a certain time for a response.
Integra-H adds a short amount of delay to each poll and response (typically in the order of 60 to 70 ms).
Timer settings that are too short may cause erroneous indication of missed polls, in which case the
application may retry or continue to cycle, ignoring the missed station. In this case, the response may
collide with the next poll, further increasing errors. Setting an adequate timer margin will avoid problems
and maximize performance.
Avoid flow control Set the Com port baud rate to a value less than or equal to the radio network
speed (4800, 9600 or 19200 b/s). In a polling system, this will prevent buffer overflow with possible
missed transmissions. If the port baud rate must be set higher than the radio network speed, you may
have to limit message length to prevent possible buffer overflow. Integra-H will exert a flow control
signal (CTS dropped) if buffers are almost full, but not all DTE honor such signals.
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Use the highest suitable port baud rate (without exceeding the radio network speed) Operating
an RTU at 1200 b/s on a 9600 b/s network will increase data transmission delays and reduce system
performance.
Evaluate the need for online diagnostics Enabling online diagnostics increases delays by 2.5 to
10 ms (depending on speed). In critical applications, this extra delay can be eliminated by disabling
online diagnostics. Offline diagnostics (diagnostics on request) remain available.
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SECTION 3
MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS
3.1 OVERVIEW AND MAINTENANCE INTERVALS
This chapter outlines the basic tests and adjustments required upon initial installation and thereafter at
annual maintenance intervals or whenever deterioration in performance indicates that adjustment may be required.
Units are delivered from the factory properly aligned and tested on the frequency range specified at time of order.
Adjustment beyond that described in this chapter is not required unless radio modules have been tampered with or
repaired. In such cases, we recommend complete factory re-alignment as special test equipment is required. This
chapter is intended for use by installation and maintenance personnel.
3.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
The adjustments described below require the following equipment:
1.13.3 VDC / 2A regulated power supply.
2. Radio service monitor (IFR1200 or equiv.).
3. Cable with SMA male connector to connect Integra-H to the service monitor.
4. Integra Radio Service Software (RSS) kit.
5. A Win/95 PC or better to run the RSS.
6. Normal radio shop tools.
3.3 TEST POINT
For trouble shooting aid, there is one test point available at pin 4 of the power/analog connector (white
wire). This demodulated signal measurement is half the voltage read at the RSSI bar graph (found in INTRSS and
INTDIAG programs.
Note: the RX-TP mode must be selected ( Analog Connector window) using the Integra RSS.
3.4 BASIC TESTS/ADJUSTMENTS
Basic tests and adjustments to be performed are:
1. Transmitter power output
2. Transmitter frequency
3. Transmitter deviation
4. Demodulated signal level
5. 12 dB Sinad
6. Distortion
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3.5 PRELIMINARY STEPS
Important Note: Before proceeding make sure that the service monitor has been calibrated recently and
has warmed up for at least the time specified by its manufacturer. Some reported frequency and deviation
problems have actually been erroneous indications from service monitors that have not adequately warmed up.
This is particularly likely when field service is done during winter months.
1. Connect the Integra-H antenna connector to the radio service monitor RF input using a 023-3410-118 or
equivalent 50-ohm cable. That input should be able to support at least 1 watt.
2. Connect Integra-H to the power supply and adjust the supply voltage to 13.3 volts.
WARNING: Do not exceed 16 VDC during setting-up for tests and adjustments.
3. Using a 9-conductor straight RS-232 cable, connect the unit's Setup port to the RS-232 port of a PC and
run the Integra RSS program (INTRSS.exe) on the PC.
4. Press GET for the unit configuration.
5. From the Settings menu command, click on Radio Settings, set the frequency to be used for testing. Leave
this window open and on top.
6. Follow the steps in Table 7.
3.5.1 AFTER ADJUSTMENTS ARE COMPLETED
Adjustments made using the RSS are temporary and must be made permanent as follows:
1. After all adjustments are completed satisfactorily, press “PUT” to save the changes permanently
to the unit.
2. Press Station Reset to activate all configuration changes.
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Table 3-7 Tests and Adjustments
Step
Action
Expected Results Measure With
Output Power
1W 1 + 5%, -20%
Frequency Error
Press TX Unmod
Within + 300 Hz
Adjust using the RSS Power Out setting
(255 is the maximum) or refer to Factory
Tech support
Adjust using the RSS Freq Warp setting.
(Typical adjustment range is 1.5kHz) If
found outside limits, call factory technical
support.
Adjust using the RSS Deviation
setting (if required)
Deviation
Press TX tone
For any bit rate speeds
selected
Carrier Sense
The threshold may be raised to prevent false
Inject a non-modulated
The CS LED should be off
CS operation in the presence of noise,
carrier at -120 dBm to the
intermodulation, or other sources of radio
Integra-H RF input;
interference (e.g., for ambient noise at -100
Raise the service monitor RF The CS LED should come on within 2 dBm (measured with a spectrum analyzer),
output until the CS LED
dB from the value set by the INTRSS: set the CS threshold for -95 dBm)
comes on
Default: approx. -105 dBm
(-110 in non-refarmed mode)
Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. The signal
should be modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone at deviation specified below.
Set service monitor IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.
Note: Use test audio (pin 4) of the power/analog connector (white lead) for SINAD and distortion2
Demodulated Audio
2 Vpp + 0.2
Press CHK
If read on Bar graph in Radio SetFor any bit rate speeds
tings
selected, set deviation to
window
Adjust using RXA adjust setting (if required)
+8 kHz
or
1 Vpp + 0.1
If read at Test audio pin 4 of PWR
analog connector
12 dB SINAD
Set service monitor IF filter to
< 0.5 µV 3
Service monitor
mid (15-30 kHz)
set for SINAD
Refer to Factory Technical Support
set deviation to +8 kHz
Distortion
Set service monitor IF filter to
mid (15-30 kHz) Deviation
level as per SINAD above
Tol. +5%, -10%
For Full channel:
+8.0 kHz
Service
monitor set to
read power
Service
monitor set to
read
frequency
Service monitor set to read
deviation with
mid(15-30 kHz)
IF filter
If Not?
< 3%
Service monitor
set for
Refer to Factory Technical Support
DISTORTION
1 (Unless you set a lower value). Note that readings less than 1 watt may be due to losses in the cables used for testing. Check
also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve.
2 In the RSS' Analog connector window, check the RX-TP box. (Accessed by clicking Settings and then Analog Connector).
If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
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SECTION 4
NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING
4.1 TROUBLESHOOTING OVERVIEW
A Radio Diagnostic Software program is provided to help the user find problems on individual units
within a network. This program is launched via the executable file INDIAG.EXE. This program runs (only) from
the Integra Setup port.
Here is a list of tests that a user (having network communication problems) can try while using this
software utility:
With user network application's running:
Monitor the current network activity by using online diagnostics monitoring feature.
Gather diagnostics (i.e. local GET Status) from the unit connected to and check that they are within tolerances.
With user network application offline:
Check communication link between two units (i.e. Link test)
Gather remote diagnostics (i.e. Remote GET Status) from a “suspect” remote unit and check that they are
within tolerances.
l Check RF signal strength of a particular remote unit transmitting a continuous unmodulated test carrier
(i.e. Remote Carrier button).
l Check RF power output from the connected unit by using the Carrier test button. The RSSI bar graph will
turn to a divided wattmeter (Forward and Reflected power).
l Check carrier frequency from the unit connected by using the Carrier button and a RF communication test
set.
l Check transmit deviation from the unit connected by using TX Tone button and a RF communication test
set.
4.2 INTDIAG
The INTDIAG.EXE program is divided into two distinct parts: the Online and Offline diagnostics. Refer
to the Readme.txt file included on the RSS/RDS installation diskette for the software installation instructions.
4.2.1 ONLINE DIAGNOSTICS
Online diagnostics may be used for monitoring an operating network with the user’s applications running.
The diagnostics are piggy-backed (carried along with user data transmissions) and do not interfere with day-to-day
operations. Refer to Table 4-1 for diagnostics, descriptions, and tolerances.
Maintaining a registry listing typical diagnostic readings for a network is an effective tool for comparing
test readings and trend monitoring (system history). Variances in the data displayed can alert technicians to
changes in network status. Earlier detection leads to earlier intervention.
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4.2.2 OFFLINE DIAGNOSTICS
Offline diagnostics are used for trouble-shooting and test transmissions to remote units or to a local
connected unit. Offline diagnostics are intrusive as they take control of radio channels. User applications may have
to be offline.
4.3 GET STATUS
The Get Status function allows the user suspecting network communications problems to gather
diagnostics and check tolerances as follows:
Local GET Status: gathers diagnostics from the unit connected to the network
Remote GET Status: gathers diagnostics from a suspect remote unit connected to the network
Values displayed are taken at the moment the GET Status button is pressed. The GET Status does not
continuously update. Press the Clear button and press GET Status again to update the information.
Table 4-1 Diagnostic Information
Field Name
Unit ID
Description
Tolerance
Between 1 & 254
FPWR
Identifies the unit whose diagnostics are displayed
Approximate measure of transmit RF power
If power read from Bar graph or from reported diagnostics
Note: If power read from an external wattmeter
RPWR
Approximate measure of reflected power.
Online Diagnostics:
0 if reflected power is within
limits, 1 if reflected power is too
high. The threshold is set to
approximately 1/3 of FPWR
Offline Diagnostics:
Value is in watts, ideally
close to zero, but values up to
about 15% of FPWR may be
encountered in properly
operating systems.
If a dummy load is used to test a
unit, expect reflected power to
be less than 0.2W
RSSI
and
Remote RSSI
If “Radio Source” is in “Remote” mode:
l the RSSI reading indicates local station signal strength in dBm as
heard by the remote
l the Remote RSSI indicates how well the local unit receives the remote signal measured in dBm
If “Radio Source” is in “Local” mode:
l the RSSI reading indicates how well the local unit receives the remote signal measured in dBm.
l the Remote RSSI reading indicates local station signal strength in
dBm as heard by the remote
table continued on page 4-3
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Normally +/- 3dB accuracy A
good received signal level
should be higher than -90dBm
NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING
Field Name
Description
Tolerance
Temp
Internal case temperature
SWB+
Selected unit main DC power measured in tenths of a volt from 6.0
to 18.8 volts, WARNING: Do not exceed 16Vdc.
Should nominally be close to
13.3VDC
Application of more than 16 VDC will damage the unit and is not
covered by the warranty.
Demodulated signal voltage: peak-to-peak
(Available only for Offline Get Stats)
User-specified “Analog 1" input as a voltage be-tween 0 and 10
volts DC in tenths, at 8 bits of resolution.
(Available only for Offline Get Stats)
If the “Fan Control” (Analog 1) box is checked in the RSS
program, the value displayed will be 00.0 Volt
User-specified “Analog 2" input as a voltage be-tween 0 and 10
volts DC in tenths, at 8 bits of resolution.
(Available only for Offline Get Stats)
If the “Rx/Tp (Analog 2) box is checked in the RSS program, the
value displayed will be 00.0 Volt
Number of correctly decoded transmissions in the last 15 received
In multiple frequency networks (duplex), this ratio will be an aggregate of all stations heard. In single frequency networks (simplex),
this ratio usually represents receptions from the master station.
Operating limits:
10.0 to 16.0 V
Peak
Ext1
Ext2
Good
Total
Operating limits:
-30 degrees C to
+75 degrees C
Used with the number in the field “Good” to establish a percentage
indicative of reception quality.
See transmit deviation tables
0 to 10.0 VDC
0 to 10.0 VDC
15/15 equals 100% Lower
values (8/15), coupled with
strong received signals (Remote
RSSI), usually mean local
interference at the remote site.
4.4 LINK TEST
Tests the network data link status by sending a number of transmissions to a remote unit, back from the
remote, computing a ratio of good to bad signals received and displaying the result as a link quality for both
individual links as well as the overall link.
Caution: Shut down your application before pressing “Link Test”.
Before starting a Link Test:
1.Ensure that the Radio Source selected is “Remote”.
2.Click in the active Short ID field and enter the address of the desired remote unit.
3. Press the “Link Test” button to start transmitting blocks of data.
The selected remote decodes and returns data blocks. Transmission will continue until the link test button
is pressed again or after 100 data blocks are transmitted. The sent and received data are compared and the ratio of
good to bad blocks are calculated. The error rate is calculated separately for each direction and for the link as a
whole. The results are displayed on the message screen in the format detailed in Table 4-2.
4-3
Part No. 001-4090-101/102
NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING
Table 4-2
Action
Blocks Sent
Blocks Received by remote
Link Quality to re-mote
Responses from re-mote
Link Quality from remote
Overall Link Quality
Link Test Display Format
Format
Results
Relation
0-100
Records the total number of blocks transmitted to the remote
0-100
Indicates recorded total number of blocks received by the remote
0.0% to Ratio (percentage) of blocks received by the remote compared to blocks B over A
100.0%
transmitted. Value is indicative of link quality to remote
0-100
Indicates recorded total of response-blocks received from the remote
0.0% to Ratio (percentage) of blocks received from the remote compared to the C over B
100.0%
recorded total of blocks received by the remote. Value is indicative of
link quality from remote
0.0% to Ratio (percentage) of blocks received from the remote compared to the C over A
100.0%
recorded total of blocks first transmitted to the remote. Value is indicative of overall link quality to and from remote
4.5 BAR GRAPH
A Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) bar graph is available during continuous test transmissions
(i.e., remote “Tx Tone” and “Carrier”). The appearance of the “Local RSSI” indicator is a single vertical graph bar
with indicated values in “dBm”. The accuracy of the reading is normally better than +/- 3db.
The bar graph changes during user maintenance local test transmissions of “Tx Tone” and “Carrier”. A
split screen of two parallel vertical bars is seen. The “Local TX Pwr” measurements of “Forward power” and
“Reflected power” are in “Watts”.
4.6 CARRIER
To send an unmodulated carrier, press the “Carrier” button. Used mainly to check carrier frequency, RF
power level (local unit) and received signal strength from a remote unit (See Figure 4-1).
Warning: Care must be taken while reading transmit deviation remotely. Over-the-air service monitor
readings may give higher results than expected because of RF noise and interference that superimpose on the
received signal.
If Source is “Local”, pressing Carrier transmits until the button is pressed again.
l If Source is “Remote”, the selected unit will send for 30 seconds. Remote transmissions cannot be interrupted.
All buttons are inactive during test transmissions.
4.7 TX TONE
The TX Tone is used mainly to check transmit deviation. To send a modulated carrier, press the “TX
Tone” button.
If Source is Local, sends a 1200 Hz sine wave for 30 seconds or until the button is pressed again.
l If Source is Remote, causes the selected ID remote to send a tone for 30 seconds. Remote transmissions
cannot be interrupted. All buttons are inactive during test transmissions. Typical transmit deviation are network speed dependant and are shown in Table 4-3.
4-4
Part No. 001-4090-101/102
NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING
Table 4-3 Typical Transmit Deviation
Connected to an Integra-H, Part Number 242-4090-XY0, Native Compatibility Mode
Network Speed
(in b/s)
19200
9600
4800
Typical Deviation
(kHz)
+ 8.0
+ 8.0
+ 8.0
Voltage at Pin 4 when receiving that deviation from other units
(white wire of analog/power connector) (Vpp)
4-5
Part No. 001-4090-101/102
SECTION 5
CONFIGURABLE PARAMETERS
5.1 PARAMETER OVERVIEW
The parameters used to configure the Integra-H units are described in the Radio Service Software (INTRSS)
help file. Section 5 summarizes the Integra-H parameter settings and their variations when used within a network.
Table 5-1 Normal Factory Settings (Units)
Fields
Integra-H with Integra-H
Network Settings
Compatibility Mode
Tx/Rx Mode
Extended Preamble (ms)
Network Speed
Tx Time Out
Tx Online Diagnostics
Unit Type
Data Delivery
Suspend Period (ms)
Activity Time-out (sec)
Sleep Mode
COM Port
Device Baud
Data fwd timer
Parity
Break
Xmit Control
DCD Control
Analog Connector
Analog 1
Integra-TR
Both Tx and Rx
9600, 19200, 21400, 25600
30 sec ON
Yes
Master
All
Disable (N/A)
19200
Normal
8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
Ignore break
DOX
Active
Analog 2
Input or Fan Control
(Units with cooling option)
Input
Transmit
Receive
User choice
User choice
Frequency
Adjustments
Carrier Sense (-dBm)
105
Power Out
255 (indicates 1 Watts nominal)
Frequency Warp
Grayed out (radio dependent)
Deviation Values set at factory can be changed, if
RXA Adjust
required; hit related test button to
enable field
Refer to help files for descriptions of the above fields.
5-1
001-4090-101/102
SECTION 6
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
6.1 OVERVIEW
Section 6 describes the circuit operation of the logic board. This section is intended for use by engineering
and service personnel.
6.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Refer to Figure 6-1 for the block diagram of the Integra-H Logic Board.
6.2.1 MICROPROCESSOR CIRCUIT
The microprocessor contains two Z84015 CMOS low power Intelligent Peripheral Controllers (IPC). Each
IPC is an 8-bit microprocessor integrated with CTC, SIO, PIO Clock Generator Controller and Watch Dog Timer.
One of the Z84015s (U17) is used in the normal mode. The other Z84015 (U21) is used in the evaluation
mode and only the CTC, SIO and PIO sections are used. The CPU section is disabled.
The first Z84015 Clock Generator uses a 19.6608 MHz crystal that provides a CPU clock rate of 9.8304
MHz for both Z84015s. The 9.8304 MHz clock is further divided by 2 to feed all 8 CTC (4 in each Z84015).
The 64K-memory space of the Z84015 is divided into two blocks of 32k each. The lower 32K are used for
the firmware program and the upper 32K by the CMOS RAM (U18). The memory IC used for the program is a
CMOS FLASH (U22) with 1024 sectors of 128 bytes each.
The dual Z84015 circuit provides up to 8 Counter Timer Channels (CTC), 4 Serial Input/Output (SIO) and
32 Parallel In-put/Output (PIO) lines.
The CPU also provides the clock for the CPLD modem.
6.2.2 RS232
The RS232 IC (U15) is used to interface the application DE-9 connector to the SIO_B section of U17, and
the set-up DE-9 connector to the SIO_A section of U21. Two receivers remain enabled in sleep mode to ensure
fast wakeup.
6.2.3 MODEM
The modem section is used to interface the serial digital data to the transceiver.
The CPLD modem IC (U16) with a programmable Raise-Cosine filter (U10) operates in DRCMSK mode
at 4800, 9600, and 19200 bits/sec. It incorporates a 7-bit hardware scrambler and uses Differential (NRZI)
encoding in DRCMSK mode to minimize data pattern-sensitivity. An electronic potentiometer U5B (E-Pot),
controlled by CPU U17, is used to set the transmitter deviation by amplitude adjustment of the baseband signal.
Electronic potentiometer U5C is also provided to fine adjust the RF carrier frequency.
6-1
001-4090-101/102
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
6.2.4 TRANSMIT & RECEIVE DATA
Transmit Data from the RS-232 port is level-shifted to TTL by U15 and passed through the CPU for
further processing and conversion from asynchronous to synchronous format. The CPLD modem, U16, takes the
digital data stream from SIO-A of the CPU and synthesizes to the constant-amplitude analog baseband signal. The
synthesized data stream is filtered by U10, buffered by U9B, and applied to radio module TXA at P1-6.
Received signals are applied to the RXA pin on P1-13 and amplified by U3A. U3A gain is set by the
electronic potentiometer, U5D, and filtered by U10. The same filter circuit is used for transmission and reception.
Two analog multiplexer/demultiplexer gates (U8A and B) controlled by TX_EN line are used for sharing. The
filter U10 cut-off frequency is programmable by the CPLD, based on the data rate. The analog signal is buffered
by U1D and fed to Peak Detectors U3C, U3D, and U3B, and to slicer circuit U1C via U1B. The raw data is passed
to the CPLD modem (U16) for de-scrambling and receive clock recovery. The resulting synchronous bit stream is
fed to CPU SIO-A for further processing and conversion to asynchronous format before delivery to the RS-232
driver and to the user port.
6.2.5 INTEGRA-H A/D AND DIGIPOT
An 8 channel, 8-bit successive approximation A/D converter, type ADC0838 (U4), is interfaced to CPU
(U17) and Peripheral (U21).
CH0 and CH1 are connected to the positive and negative peak detector of the modem section. The
software can read the positive or negative value of an RX signal, or using the differential mode, the actual peak-topeak RX signal value.
CH3 is used to measure the radio RSSI signal which was amplified by U7A.
CH4 is connected to the radio diagnostic signal (P3-14). This pin is used to output an analog signal
corresponding to the power output and the reflected signal.
CH5 is connected to U6 (LM50), a temperature sensor with a -40 to +125°C range.
CH6 is used to read the SWB+ voltage after proper scaling into the 0-5 V range.
CH7 and CH8 are connected to EXT SIGNAL 1 and 2. A 2:1 divider and protection circuit is inserted
between both external signals and the A/D.
The External Signal (pins 1 and 2) is also connected to U21 at PB6 and PB7 through transistors Q3 and Q4
and can be used for Analog Input or Digital Output.
EXT_SIGNAL 2 is also connected to the Rx test point RX-TP through U8A (74HC4066). Under software
control, the RX-TP (scaled down by 2) is available on the power connector for trouble-shooting purposes.
A 4-channel digital potentiometer type (U5) is used to adjust the RX Signal, TX Modulation, Carrier
Frequency and Carrier Detect Threshold.
6-2
Part No. 001-4090-101/102
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
An 8 channel, 8-bit successive approximation A/D converter, type AD0838 (U9), is interfaced to CPU
(U18) and Peripheral (U20).
U19 generates a power-on reset for the CPU and U6 is a temperature sensor used by the firmware to
compensate for variations in RSSI.
The RSSI signal from the transceiver is amplified and filtered by U7A. The signal is compared to a
threshold value set by digital potentiometer (U5A). The output of the comparator (U7B) is used to change the hold
time of both peak detectors at the beginning of the receive packet.
6.2.6 WAKE-UP CIRCUIT
The wake-up circuit for the Integra-H consists of a 50 ms monostable circuit that is triggered by the rising
edge of a Sleep signal from CPU (U17). The falling edge of this 50 ms pulse (end of pulse) is connected to the
\NMI of the CPU and will wake up the CPU from Sleep mode after 50 ms.
When exiting SLEEP mode on a \NMI, the CPU firmware will increment a counter, then return to Sleep
until it reaches a limit set by a software parameter. When the programmed count is reached the CPU will wake up
the radio and the RS232 driver, program the synthesizer, and watch for channel activity.
While in sleep mode (during the 50 ms pulse), an active RTS from either communication port will reset
(terminate) the 50 ms pulse so that its falling edge will restart the CPU immediately.
The CPU will check to see if either RTS signal is valid each time it is restarted by the \NMI. The firmware
will only start the sleep timer after checking that all “wakeup” inputs are inactive.
6.2.7 POWER SUPPLY
The 13.3-volt DC power input is protected by a 3-amp fuse and reverse-protected by a diode.
A 5 volt, low voltage regulator (U12) is used to power all digital functions and another 5 volt, low voltage
regulator is used to control the analog +5V_SW voltage in the sleep mode.
6-3
Part No. 001-4090-101/102
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
U21
U17
BI-COLOR
LED
PERIPHERAL
U16
CPLD
MODEM
CPU
CONTROL BUS
DATA BUS
ADDRESS BUS
TXC
TXD
PA0-PA7
U20A ,B
RS-232
DRIVER
USER
PORT
SIO-A
U22
ROM
SYNTHESIZER ENABLE-CLOCK-DATA
RX ENABLE
TX ENABLE
FAST PEAK DETECT
U18
DE9
Q3
EXT 1
EXT 2
RXS
SLICER
LEVEL
RX-EN
MODE
SPEED
U15
SETUP
PORT
FILTER
CLOCK
RXC
RXD
MEM.
DECODE
DE9
TXA
CLOCK
OUT
RAM
OUT-2
U4
U19
Q4
RESET
A/D
OUT
13.6 V
CLK,DATA
SELECT
X1
19.6MHz
SIO-B
CARRIER DETECT
RADIO
MODULE
U5D
U3A
U8A
U1A
RXA
E-POT
RX GAIN
U5C
U10
U9D
E-POT
U1B
WARP
U1C
U5B
U8B
U1D
U9B
TXA
DEV
U3C,D,B
PEAK
DETECT
E-POT
U5A
CD
E-POT
U7B
U7A
RSSI
TX-EN
RX-EN
SYNTH
U11,U12
DIAG
U6
5 VOLTS
REGULATOR
SWB+
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
F1
REV
EMISSION
DESCRIPTION
990302
DATE
DATARADIO INC.
Design
Draft
Check
Check
P/N
DUNG NGUYEN
DATE
990302
INTEGRA-R
LOGIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
SIZE
DOC/N
Figure 6-1 Logic Board Block Diagram
6-4
Part No. 001-4090-101/102
LEVEL
SHEET
210-03315-000
1/1
SECTION 7
DEFINITIONS
Bit dribble
COM Port
CTS
DCE
DOX
DTE
EIRP
Full Channel
Half Channel
Network speed
PLC
RDS
Refarming
RSS
RTS
RTS mode
RTU
SCADA
SETUP Port
Transparent
Extraneous bits delivered at the end of a data transmission. Equivalent to a “squelch tail”
in voice systems. Integra-H does not have bit dribble.
The Communications Port of Integra-H. This port is configured as DCE and is designed to
connect directly to DTE.
Clear to Send. An RS-232 output signal from Integra-H indicating that it is ready to
accept data (used in RTS mode).
Data Communications Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such as
modems. DCE is designed to connect to DTE.
Data Operated Transmit. A mode of operation in which Integra-H begins a transmission
as soon as data is presented to the RS-232 port.
Data Terminal Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such as terminals,
PCs, RTUs, PLCs, etc. DTE is designed to connect to DCE.
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
Radio channel bandwidth equal to 25kHz.
Radio channel bandwidth equal to 12.5kHz.
This is the bit rate on the RF link between units. Could be different from COM port baud
rate.
Programmable Logic Controller. An intelligent device that can make decisions, gather
and report information, and control other devices.
Radio Diagnostic Software. This software allows local and remote diagnostics of
Integra-H. Also called INTDIAG.
Strategy for using the radio spectrum more efficiently to meet future communications
requirements and the FCC's minimum bit rate requirements with speeds up to 19200 in
Full Channel and 9600 in Half Channel.
Radio Service Software. This software allows configuration and testing of Integra-H.
Also called INTRSS.
Request to Send. RS-232 input signal to Integra-H indicating that the DTE has data to
send. RTS may optionally be used as a transmit switch for Integra-H.
A mode of operation in which Integra-H begins a transmission when RTS is raised and
continues transmitting until RTS is dropped.
Remote Terminal Unit. A SCADA device used to gather information or control other
devices.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systems that
gather data and/or perform control operations.
The configuration / diagnostic port of Integra-H. This port is designed to be connected to
a PC running the Integra RSS program.
A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, etc.
7-1
001-4090-101/102

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