CalAmp Wireless Networks MCUB5R User Manual preliminary version

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preliminary version

Integra-TR

Technical Manual

Version 0.02

PRELIMINARY

The entire contents of this manual and the Software described

February 1999

Part no.: 120 4010x-002

Table of Contents

1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1 Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2.2 Accessories and options.......................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................................................................... 1

1.4 FACTORY TECHNICAL SUPPORT........................................................................................................................ 2

1.5 PRODUCT WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................................... 2

1.6 REPLACEMENT PARTS....................................................................................................................................... 2

1.6.1 Factory Repair........................................................................................................................................ 2

1.7 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................... 2

1.8 DIAGNOSTICS.................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.8.1 Remote Commands.................................................................................................................................. 3

1.9 FIRMWARE UPGRADES...................................................................................................................................... 3

1.10 NETWORK APPLICATION............................................................................................................................... 3

1.10.1 RF Path and Communications Range................................................................................................. 3

1.10.2 Basic Connections .............................................................................................................................. 3

1.10.3 Common Characteristics ................................................................................................................... 3

1.10.4 Point to Point System.......................................................................................................................... 3

1.10.5 Point–Multipoint System..................................................................................................................... 4

1.10.6 Extending a Landline (Tail Circuit).................................................................................................... 4

2. FEATURES AND OPERATION...................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 5

2.3 FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.3.1 Antenna Connector ................................................................................................................................. 5

2.3.2 LED Indicators........................................................................................................................................ 5

2.3.3 Connection to DTE.................................................................................................................................. 5

2.3.4 Com Port................................................................................................................................................. 6

2.3.5 Setup Port................................................................................................................................................ 6

2.4 REAR PANEL..................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.4.1 Heat Sink................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.4.2 Power / Analog connector....................................................................................................................... 7

2.5 OPERATION....................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.5.1 Operating Modes..................................................................................................................................... 8

2.5.2 Data Forwarding Timer.......................................................................................................................... 8

2.5.3 Sending Break Signals ............................................................................................................................ 8

2.5.4 COM Port Baud Rates ............................................................................................................................ 8

2.5.5 Diagnostics.............................................................................................................................................. 8

2.5.6 Addressing............................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5.7 Station Type............................................................................................................................................. 9

2.6 ONLINE DIAGNOSTICS....................................................................................................................................... 9

2.6.1 Using an External Program for Online Diagnostics............................................................................... 9

2.6.2 Interpreting Diagnostic Results ............................................................................................................ 10

2.7 OFFLINE DIAGNOSTICS.................................................................................................................................... 12

2.8 LOW POWER OPERATION ................................................................................................................................13

2.8.1 Reduced Transmit Power...................................................................................................................... 13

2.8.2 Suspend Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 13

2.8.3 Sleep Mode............................................................................................................................................ 13

2.8.4 Remote Unit Wake-up by DTE .............................................................................................................. 13

2.9 TRANSMITTER TIMEOUT ................................................................................................................................. 13

2.10 OPTIMIZING YOUR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 14

3. MAINTENANCE ADJUSTMENTS............................................................................................................... 15

3.1 OVERVIEW AND MAINTENANCE INTERVALS ................................................................................................... 15

3.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 15

3.3 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ................................................................................................................................... 15

3.4 TEST POINT..................................................................................................................................................... 15

3.5 BASIC ADJUSTMENTS...................................................................................................................................... 15

3.5.1 Preliminary Steps.................................................................................................................................. 15

3.5.2 After Adjustments are Done .................................................................................................................. 15

4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................................. 17

4.1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 17

4.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 17

4.3.1 Microprocessor Circuit......................................................................................................................... 17

4.3.2 RS232.................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.3.3 MODEM................................................................................................................................................ 17

4.3.4 TRANSMIT & RECEIVE DATA ............................................................................................................ 17

4.3.5 Integra-R A/D and DIGIPOT................................................................................................................ 18

4.3.6 Wake-Up Circuit ................................................................................................................................... 18

4.3.7 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................ 18

TABLE 1 INTEGRA-T ACCESSORIES AND OPTIONS.......................................................................................................... 1

TABLE 2: COM PORT SIGNALS....................................................................................................................................... 6

TABLE 3: SETUP PORT SIGNALS ..................................................................................................................................... 6

TABLE 4: SWR / REV PWR .......................................................................................................................................... 12

TABLE 5: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS HALF AND FULL CHANNEL UNITS ............................................................................. 16

FIGURE 1 - BASIC CONNECTIONS REQUIRED................................................................................................................... 3

FIGURE 2 - POINT TO POINT SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................. 4

FIGURE 3 - POINT–MULTIPOINT SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 4

FIGURE 4 - TAIL CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................................................... 4

FIGURE 5 - DCE CROSSOVER CABLE FOR RTS-CTS MODE........................................................................................... 4

FIGURE 6 – INTEGRA-T FRONT PANEL............................................................................................................................ 5

FIGURE 7 – COM AND SETUP PORT CONNECTORS PIN LOCATIONS ................................................................................ 6

FIGURE 8 – 3-WIRE INTERFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 6

FIGURE 9 – INTEGRA-T REAR PANEL.............................................................................................................................. 7

FIGURE 10 - POWER / ANALOG CONNECTOR.................................................................................................................. 7

FIGURE 11- POWER / ANALOG CABLE ............................................................................................................................ 7

FIGURE 12 - LOGIC BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM.............................................................................................................. 19

iii

What's New in this Version

Document various corrections

History

0.01: This version 0.01 of the first preliminary version of the Integra-TR technical manual will be re-

placing the Integra-T manual versions. The Integra-TR is compliant to the FCC refarming (19.2Kb/s in

25KHz channels and 9.6KHz in 12.5KHz channels).

Definitions

The following terms are used throughout this document.

Bit dribble Extraneous bits delivered at the end of a data transmission. Equivalent to a

“squelch tail” in voice systems. Integra-T does not have bit dribble.

COM Port The Communications Port of Integra-T. This port is configured as DCE and is

designed to connect directly to DTE.

CTS Clear to Send. An RS-232 output signal from Integra-T indicating that it is ready

to accept data.

DCE Data Communications Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such

as modems. DCE is designed to connect to DTE.

DOX Data Operated Transmit. A mode of operation in which Integra-T begins a

transmission as soon as data is presented to the RS-232 port.

DTE Data Terminal Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such as ter-

minals, PCs, RTUs, PLCs, etc. DTE is designed to connect to DCE.

Network speed This is the bit rate on the RF link between units. Could be different from COM

port baud rate.

PLC Programmable Logic Controller. An intelligent device that can make decisions,

gather and report information, and control other devices.

RDS Radio Diagnostic Software. This software allows local and remote diagnostics of

Integra-T.

RRSS Remote Radio Setup Software. (Future expansion software package)

RSS Radio Service Software. This software allows configuration and testing of Inte-

gra-T.

RTS Request to Send. RS-232 input signal to Integra-T indicating that the DTE has

data to send. RTS may optionally be used as a transmit switch for Integra-T.

RTS mode A mode of operation in which Integra-T begins a transmission when RTS is

raised, and continues transmitting until RTS is dropped.

RTU Remote Terminal Unit. A SCADA device used to gather information or control

other devices.

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systems

that gather data and/or perform control operations.

SETUP Port The configuration / diagnostic port of Integra-T. This port is designed to be con-

nected to a PC running the Integra RSS program.

Transparent A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, etc.

120 4010x-002 1Integra TR Technical Manual

1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW

This document provides the information re-

quired for the installation, operation and main-

tenance of the Dataradio Integra-TR radio-

modem.

1.1 Intended Audience

This manual is intended for use by system de-

signers, installers and maintenance technicians

1.2 General Description

Integra-TR is a high-speed transparent radio-

modem, FCC refarmed compliant, designed

specifically to fit the needs of SCADA,

telemetry and control applications. Integra-TR

provides the communication links among data

equipment for installations where wired com-

munication is impractical.

Integra-TR will work with most makes and

models of RTU, PLC and with their protocols

(usually polling). Configuration settings allow

tailoring for a variety of applications.

Integra-T supports:

1. Point to point Master–Slave or Peer to Peer

configurations in simplex or half-duplex

modes.

2. Point to multipoint Master–Slave configur-

ation in simplex or half-duplex modes.

Settings and connections for these configura-

tions are given later in this manual.

1.2.1 Characteristics

Integra-TR has the following characteristics:

• Selectable network speeds of 4800, 9600 for

half channel units and 4800, 9600 and

19.200 b/s for full channel units.

• Backward compatible with the Integra-T for

bit rate of 4800 and 9600 b/s (full channel

units only)

• One COM port for connection to DTE.

Speeds 300 - 19200 bauds.

• One Setup port, for configuration and

diagnostics.

• Built-in 5-watt transceiver, operating in the

VHF, UHF or 900 MHz communications

bands. Half-duplex or simplex operation.

• Fully transparent operation with error-free

data delivery.

• Allows transmission of “break” characters.

• DOX (Data Operated Transmit) or RTS

mode.

• Stations may be set as “master” or “remote”

to prevent remote stations from hearing each

other.

• Full local and remote diagnostics

• Two 8-bit analog inputs (0 - 10V).

• Low power consumption modes: “sleep”

and “suspend” modes (nominal 7mA).

• “12 VDC, negative ground”, device.

1.2.2 Accessories and options

Table 1 Integra-T Accessories and options

Accessory DR Part #

Local RSS & RDS software kit

(diskette and setup/data cable) 085 03281-0xx

Technical manual 120 40101-xxx

SMA Male – BNC Female

adapter 685 00832 –000

Cooling fan – factory option

(for high duty-cycle transmit

applications)

Catalog number /F

suffix.

For continuous-transmit applications, the “TX

Timeout” timer must be turned off (set to “dis-

able”) via the Radio Service Software (RSS).

1.3 Configuration

Operating characteristics of Integra-TR are con-

figured by means of Integra-TR’s Radio Service

Software (RSS) available from your sales repre-

sentative. Also available is Integra-T’s Radio

Diagnostic Software (RDS) which permits both

local and remote diagnostics. Remote Radio

Service Software (RRSS) to allow remote pro-

gramming is a future expansion. The RSS, RDS

and RRSS (future option) programs are MSDOS

based and will run on any 486 or higher PC (2

Megabytes memory required).

Integra-TR requires the use of the RSS for

both configuration and adjustment.

120 4010x-002 2Integra TR Technical Manual

1.4 Factory Technical Support

The Technical Support departments of Datara-

dio and Johnson Data Telemetry (JDT) provide

customer assistance on technical problems and

serve as an interface with factory repair facili-

ties. Technical support hours are respectively:

for Dataradio, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Eastern

Time, Monday to Friday and for JDT, 7:30 AM

to 4:30PM, Central Time, Monday to Friday.

Technical support can be reached in the fol-

lowing ways:

For equipment purchased from Dataradio:

Dataradio Inc.

5500 Royalmount Ave, suite 200

Town of Mount Royal

Quebec, Canada H4P 1H7

phone: +1 514 737-0020

fax: +1 514 737-7883

Email address: support@dataradio.com

For equipment purchased from JDT:

Johnson Data Telemetry Corp.

Customer Service Department

299 Johnson Avenue, P.O. Box 1733

Waseca, MN 56093-0833

phone:1-800-992-7774 and

+1-507 835-6408

fax: +1-507-835-6648

Email address: support@johnsondata.com

1.5 Product Warranty

Warranty information may be obtained by con-

tacting your sales representative.

1.6 Replacement Parts

This product is normally not field-serviceable,

except by the replacement of complete units.

Specialized equipment and training is required

to repair logic boards and radio modules.

Contact Technical Support for service informa-

tion before returning equipment. A Technical

Support representative may suggest a solution

eliminating the need to return equipment.

1.6.1 Factory Repair

When returning equipment for repair, you must

request an RMA (returned merchandise authori-

zation) number. The Tech Support representa-

tive will ask you several questions to clearly

identify the problem. Please give the represen-

tative the name of a contact person, who is fa-

miliar with the problem, in case questions arise

during servicing of the unit.

Customers are responsible for shipping charges

for returned units. Units in warranty will be re-

paired free of charge unless there is evidence of

abuse or damage beyond the terms of the war-

ranty. Units out of warranty will be subject to

service charges. Information about these charges

is available from Technical Support.

1.7 Physical Description

Integra-TR consists of a logic PCB (which in-

cludes the modem circuitry) and a separate radio

module. The two boards plug directly together

and slide into the rails of an extruded aluminum

case. DTE connection is made via a front panel

connector. Power is applied through a connec-

tor, which also includes analog inputs, on the

rear panel. The unit is not hermetically sealed

and should be mounted in a suitable enclosure

where dust and/or a corrosive atmosphere are

anticipated. There are no external switches or

adjustments; operating parameters are set using

the RSS.

1.8 Diagnostics

Integra-TR has sophisticated built-in diagnostics

that may be transmitted automatically without

interfering with normal network operation. In

addition, commands to generate test transmis-

sions, etc., may be issued either locally or re-

motely.

Diagnostic information takes one of two forms:

120 4010x-002 3Integra TR Technical Manual

Online diagnostics. Information is auto-

matically sent by each unit at the beginning

of every data transmission.

Offline diagnostics. Information is sent by a

specific unit in response to an inquiry made

locally or from another station.

Diagnostics are processed using the Integra-TR’

RDS.

1.8.1 Remote Commands

The upcoming Integra RRSS will allow config-

uring most functions and adjustments remotely

via the radio network.

Sending remote commands and receiving re-

sponses is done with the host application off-

line.

1.9 Firmware Upgrades

Integra-TR’s firmware resides in flash EPROM

and is designed to allow field upgrades.

Upgrades are done using a PC connected to In-

tegra-TR and do not require that the unit be

opened.

1.10 Network Application

Integra-TR is suited to a variety of network ap-

plications. Its primary design goal was to satisfy

the needs of SCADA systems using RTUs or

PLCs in either point to point or point–multipoint

service.

This section gives an overview of some common

configurations. Selection of “master” or “re-

mote” as well as data delivery conditions is

done using the Integra RSS.

1.10.1 RF Path and Communications

Range

Integra-TR is designed for use over distances up

to 30 miles (50 km) depending on terrain and

antenna system. To assure reliable commun-

ications, the RF (radio frequency) path between

stations should be studied by a competent pro-

fessional, who will then determine what anten-

nas are required, and whether or not a repeater is

needed.

1.10.2 Basic Connections

The connections required (except power) are

shown below in Figure 1.

While an RTU or PLC is shown in the diagram,

master stations often use a PC running an appli-

cation designed to communicate with remote

RTUs or PLCs.

The Setup PC is used for both configuration and

local and remote diagnostics. It may be left con-

nected at all times if desired, but is not required

for normal operation once the unit has been con-

figured.

Integra

Antenna

Integra

Setup PC

RTU or PLC

Figure 1 - Basic connections required

1.10.3 Common Characteristics

The networks described below share a number

of common characteristics.

1. The network speed (4800 or 9600 b/s) must

be the same for all stations in a network.

2. Unless otherwise noted, the default setting

of station type is “master” and data delivery

is “all”.

3. Transmission of online diagnostics may be

enabled or disabled at any station or stations

without affecting their ability to commun-

icate with other stations.

1.10.4 Point to Point System

A simple point to point connection is shown

below:

120 4010x-002 4Integra TR Technical Manual

DTE Integra DTE

Integra

Figure 2 - Point to Point System

In such a system, the user’s equipment (DTE)

may be set up in either a peer-to-peer or a mas-

ter slave configuration. The Integra-T’s may be

left in their default configuration, which is:

1. Both units set as “master”.

2. Both units set to deliver “all” data transmis-

sions.

Two other configurations that would work

equally well are:

1. One unit set to “master”, the other to “re-

mote”, delivery set to either “all” or “selec-

tive” data transmissions.

2. Both units set to “remote”, data delivery set

to “all”.

1.10.5 Point–Multipoint System

A basic point–multipoint system is shown

below:

remote

master

Figure 3 - Point–Multipoint System

If a half-duplex radio network is used (i.e. two

frequencies with the master station transmitting

and receiving on the reverse pair from the re-

motes) the Integra-TR’s may be left in their de-

fault configuration (station type “master” and

data delivery “all”). The master station can be

either full duplex or half-duplex.

If a simplex radio network is used (i.e. a single

frequency for all stations) we recommend that

the master Integra-TR be set to “master”, the

remotes to “remote” and all units to “selective”

data delivery. This will prevent remote stations

from hearing each other’s responses. Use this

setting also if a full duplex repeater is used.

1.10.6 Extending a Landline (Tail

Circuit)

Integra-TR may be used to extend a landline

circuit (giving access to difficult locations, etc.).

This type of connection is called a “tail circuit”

and is shown in Figure 4 below. The tail circuit

assembly may be used in any of the network

types described in the preceding sections.

line

modem line

modem

dedicated

line Integra T

DTE

DCE crossover

cable

Figure 4 - Tail Circuit

Note: The line modems should be full duplex

units.

DE-9M

DCD

RXD

TXD

DTR

GND

RTS

CTS

RTS

TXD

RXD

CTS

GND

DCD

DTR

Figure 5 - DCE Crossover Cable for RTS-CTS mode

However, some point-to-point FDX landline

modems or line drivers may require the use of

DOX mode and an alternate pinout for two of

the above lines.

All other lines remain as shown in Figure 5

above.

CTS

RTS

DCD

DTR

120 4010x-002 5Integra TR Technical Manual

2. Features and Operation

2.1 Overview

This chapter describes the connections,

indicators and operating characteristics of

Integra-TR.

2.2 Intended Audience

This chapter is intended for system design and

installation personnel.

2.3 Front Panel

Integra

ANT

SETUP COM

RUN CS RX RD

PWR SYN TX TD

Figure 6 – Integra-T front panel

The various front panel elements are described

in the following sections.

2.3.1 Antenna Connector

Antenna connector is a type SMA-female, 50

ohms.

Testing must be done with a 50-ohm dummy

load. Units operated with a “rubber duck” an-

tenna connected directly to the antenna con-

nector may exhibit unusual operating character-

istics and high levels of reverse power.

2.3.2 LED Indicators

Integra-TR has four two-color LED indicators.

Functions are shown in the following table:

RUN/PWR green normal operation

flash

green sleep mode (flashes dur-

ing wakeup)

flash

red &

green

setup mode, or loading

new application or new

bootloader

flash

red firmware error *

red CPU or PROM failure *

CS/SYN off no RF carrier

green Receive carrier present

red (reserved)

RX/TX off Idle

green receiving network data

yellow synthesizer unlocked

red transmitter is on

RD/TD off Idle

green RX data outgoing from

RS-232 port

red TX data incoming at RS-

232 port

* Contact technical support.

2.3.3 Connection to DTE

Integra-TR is configured as DCE. Most DTE

should be connected using a 9–conductor pin to

pin “straight” cable.

Some RTUs or PLCs may require a special ca-

ble to route the signals correctly. See the docu-

mentation for your data equipment for further

information.

120 4010x-002 6Integra TR Technical Manual

2.3.3.1 Connector Pinout

For reference, the DE-9 F pinout is shown be-

low:

12345

6789

Figure 7 – COM and Setup Port connectors pin locations

2.3.4 Com Port

Baud rates from 300 – 9600 are supported. Un-

less required by your operating protocol, we

advise restricting port speed to be equal to or

less than the RF network speed.

Table 2: COM port signals

Pin Name Function

1 DCD Output: Always asserted or asserted

when RX data available (selectable

via RSS)

2 RXD Output: Data from Integra-T to DTE

3 TXD Input: Data from DTE to Integra-TR

4 DTR Input: Ignored

5 GND Signal and chassis ground

6 DSR Output: always positive (asserted)

7 RTS Input: Used as a “begin transmission”

signal in RTS mode.

Will “wake up” a unit in sleep mode.

8 CTS Output: Used for handshaking in RTS

mode and used for flow control in

DOX mode.

RTS mode: RTS/CTS delay is 4ms.

DOX mode: CTS always asserted,

except when data overflow is de-

tected.

9 RI Not internally connected, reserved

2.3.4.1 3-Wire Connection (DOX)

For DTE that lack RTS control, Integra-TR can

operate in DOX mode (Data Operated Transmit)

with only Transmit Data, Receive Data and

Ground (“3-wire interface”). Integra-T also sup-

ports CTS flow control for cases where the ter-

minal rate exceeds the network rate.

RXD

TXD

GND

DE-9M

Figure 8 – 3-wire interface

2.3.5 Setup Port

The Setup port uses a DE-9 female connector

configured as DCE. Signals are described in the

following table.

Table 3: Setup Port signals

Name

Function

DCD

Tied directly to DTR.

RXD

Data from Integra-T to setup PC

TXD

Data from setup PC to Integra-TR

DTR

Tied directly to DCD.

GND

Signal and chassis ground

DSR

Output; always positive (asserted)

RTS

Tied to CTS. Also monitored to “wake

up” unit from sleep mode.

CTS

Tied to RTS.

not internally connected, reserved

The Setup port uses a proprietary commun-

ications protocol designed to work with the In-

tegra RSS, the upcoming RRSS and the RDS

programs. It is also designed to provide numeric

diagnostics information when connected to a PC

terminal emulator. For the format, see section

2.6.1.2.

120 4010x-002 7Integra TR Technical Manual

2.4 Rear Panel

Figure 9 – Integra-T rear panel

The various elements are described in the fol-

lowing sections.

2.4.1 Heat Sink

The rear panel heat sink is essential for proper

operation of the Integra-TR transmitter. The unit

must be mounted in a location that permits free

air circulation past the heat sink. Cooling will be

best if the fins are vertical.

2.4.2 Power / Analog connector

The 4 pin power / analog connector pinout is

shown below:

+13.3 VDC (1) (2) GND

Analog in 1 (3) (4) Analog in 2 /

RX-TP

(red) (black)

(white)

(green)

Figure 10 - Power / Analog Connector

2.4.2.1 Power

Integra-TR’s power requires a filtered power

source of 13.3 VDC nominal (10 – 16 VDC

max.), negative ground with a 3.0 A rating.

An internal 3A fuse (surface-mount and not

field-replaceable) and a crowbar diode protect

the main RF power components from reverse

polarity. Application of more than 16 VDC will

damage the unit and is not covered by the war-

ranty.

WARNING: Do not exceed 16Vdc.

Power / Analog cable

PIN 4 PIN 3

PIN 2 PIN 1

SIGNAL2

SIGNAL1

GROUND

POWER

WHITE

GREEN

BLACK

RED

PIN 2

PIN 1

PIN 3

PIN 4

Figure 11- Power / Analog cable

2.4.2.2 Analog inputs

Two analog inputs are provided. Inputs are

scaled to 0–10 V and have a resolution of 8 bits

(1 part in 256). Inputs are referenced to chassis

ground.

The absolute maximum input voltage should be

no greater than 20 Vdc. These inputs are re-

verse-voltage protected.

Integra-TR allows the analog values to be read,

either locally or remotely, using the Offline Di-

agnostics function of the Integra RDS.

Analog in 2 (pin 4) can be switched (using the

Integra RSS) to perform as the demodulated sig-

nal level test point (RX-TP) which is half of the

voltage read at the RSSI bar graph.

If the analog inputs are not used, the green and

white wires should be cut back and/or taped to

prevent contact.

2.5 Operation

Integra-TR is designed for fully transparent op-

eration. This means that all binary values are

transmitted as data, with minimum time delays,

and without regard to their binary value.

“Break” signals can also be transmitted.

120 4010x-002 8Integra TR Technical Manual

Unlike most transparent radiomodems, Inte-

gra-TR eliminates “bit dribble” and allows DOX

operation. A CRC-16 error check is used so that

faulty data will not be delivered.

2.5.1 Operating Modes

Integra-TR has two operating modes, for its

COM port: (selectable via the RSS program)

DOX mode: The RS-232 port is monitored for

incoming data. Upon receipt of the first data

byte, the transmitter is turned on. The RTS

signal is ignored (note: RTS may still be

used as a wakeup signal for a unit that is

asleep).

RTS mode: The RTS signal is monitored for a

low–to–high transition. This transition

causes Integra-T to turn on its transmitter.

CTS is raised 4 ms later to accommodate

DTE that requires a CTS transition before it

can send data. The transmission will con-

tinue until RTS is dropped, or until the Tx

Timeout (see section 2.9) expires.

CTS is used as a handshaking/flow control sig-

nal in both modes. If Integra-T’s buffers fill,

CTS will be dropped as a signal to the DTE to

stop sending data. This condition is most likely

when the Data port speed exceeds the radio

network speed. In such cases, reduce the DTE

baud rate so that Integra-T buffers will not fill.

2.5.2 Data Forwarding Timer

The data forwarding timer can modify the tim-

ing between data blocks in a transmission to

accommodate some RTU’s special timing re-

quirements. Set to “normal” (15 ms) unless ad-

vised otherwise by technical support. Do not use

“fast” (5 ms) timer below 2400 b/s.

2.5.3 Sending Break Signals

Integra-TR may be configured to send “break”

signals, as required by some SCADA user pro-

tocols. A break signal is generated by holding

TXD in the zero state for longer than one char-

acter time. Indication of a break signal is carried

in a special data transmission to the remote sta-

tion, which in turn generates its own output

break signal.

At a port speed of 9600 b/s, the output break

signal has a duration of 10 to 20 ms, regardless

of the duration of the input break signal. These

times are scaled proportionally for other baud

rates. Integra-TR may also be set to ignore

“break” signals in order to prevent spurious

transmissions when terminal equipment is pow-

ered on and off.

2.5.4 COM Port Baud Rates

The COM port operates at standard baud rates

from 300 – 19200 b/s. Baud rate is set using the

Integra RSS and is independent of the network

speed setting.

We recommend that the COM port baud rate

be set to a speed not greater than the network

speed. Setting a COM port baud rate higher than

the network rate may result in data buffers fill-

ing, which in turn may cause Integra-TR to drop

CTS. This could have detrimental effects on

some protocols, particularly those that ignore

CTS.

The COM port will support 7 or 8 data bits, one

or two stop bits, and even, odd or no parity. Se-

lection is made via Integra RSS. These parame-

ters may be set differently on various Integra-T

units without affecting their ability to communi-

cate with each other.

2.5.5 Diagnostics

Online diagnostics may be included as part of an

extended header at the beginning of each trans-

mission. It may be enabled or disabled on a per-

unit basis without affecting inter–commun-

ication. Reception of online diagnostics is al-

ways enabled.

Enabling this option adds about 5 ms delay at

9600 b/s (10 ms at 4800 b/s) to each trans-

mission, but has no other effect on network op-

eration.

Online diagnostics for all audible stations is de-

livered out at the Setup Port. An ASCII diag-

nostic output is also available. Diagnostic in-

formation is normally collected at the master

station.

120 4010x-002 9Integra TR Technical Manual

Offline diagnostics are sent upon receipt of a

command from the Integra RDS, normally when

the host application is stopped or taken offline.

Since diagnostics transmissions are not under

the control of the SCADA user protocol, tempo-

rary network disruption will occur if both are

attempted simultaneously.

2.5.6 Addressing

Each Integra-TR is associated with three identi-

fication numbers (addresses):

ESN: The Electronic Serial Number is uniquely

assigned to each Integra-TR at time of manu-

facture and cannot be changed. It is identical

to the serial number printed on the label of the

unit. Integra-T uses this number for ident-

ification only; it does not form part of the on–

air protocol. The ESN of a remote unit may be

viewed with the RDS by doing a Remote GET.

Short ID: The short ID (maximum value of 254)

is used to identify Integra-TR for purposes of

diagnostics (both online and offline), remote

configuration and commands. The default

value of the short ID (set at factory) is calcu-

lated from the ESN. This value may be

changed via the Integra RSS. It is important

that all stations within a communicating group

have unique short IDs.

Station Type: This is a 1-bit value used to iden-

tify the station as a master or remote. See

2.5.7 below.

2.5.7 Station Type

On a simplex Integra-TR network, all remote

stations can hear the master, and many remote

stations can hear each other. Certain SCADA

user protocols are designed with the assumption

that remote stations can not hear the responses

to polls made by other remote stations.

To allow operation with such protocols in sim-

plex networks, Integra-TR has a simple ad-

dressing scheme. Stations may be designated as

master or remote. This sets a flag in the header

identifying the type of the originating station.

On the receive side, Integra-TR stations can be

set to accept all data, or accept data only if it

originates from a station of the opposite type

(selective). This choice is made by setting Data

Delivery to selective or all using the RSS.

2.6 Online Diagnostics

Online diagnostics, if enabled, are included with

every data transmission. Online diagnostics do

not interfere with normal network operation.

The following information is gathered and de-

livered via the Setup port:

• Unit’s “short ID”

• Inside case temperature: degrees C

• Supply voltage (B+): tenths of a volt

• Local received signal strength: dBm

• Remote received signal strength: dBm

• Forward power: tenths of a watt

• Reverse power: good / poor

• Receive quality: based on last 15 data

blocks received.

2.6.1 Using an External Program

for Online Diagnostics

The Setup port communicates with the RDS

using a proprietary protocol that is not docu-

mented in this manual. However, if a terminal,

or a PC running terminal software, is connected

to the Setup port, online diagnostic information

will be delivered in plain ASCII form.

For the purposes of the following discussion we

will refer to the proprietary data format as

RSS/RDS mode.

2.6.1.1 Initialization

When Integra-TR is powered on, it will attempt

to establish a link with the RSS/RDS and select

its output mode as follows:

1. If RTS is not exerted on the setup port, Inte-

gra-T will immediately switch to ASCII

mode.

2. If RTS is exerted on the setup port, Integra-

T will send an initialization message in

RSS/RDS mode and wait for the proper re-

sponse form the RSS or RDS.

120 4010x-002 10 Integra TR Technical Manual

3. If there is no response, Integra-T will switch

to ASCII mode.

The cleanest interface for a user program exists

if the program initializes the PC serial port with

RTS false. This will disable the RSS/RDS mode

and only ASCII data will be output from the

port.

2.6.1.2 Online Diagnostic String

Format

In ASCII output mode, the setup port will output

a one line diagnostic string each time the unit

receives a transmission from another unit. No

other data will be output. The string consists of

a number of comma-delimited fields terminated

by a carriage return. Each field is a constant

length (with leading zeros if required), regard-

less of the value contained in the field, but the

fields are not all the same length.

The field definitions are shown in the table be-

low.

Name Length Description

Short ID 4 1 – 254

Temperature 3 Signed value in °C

B+ 4 Tenths of a volt from 6.0

to 18.8V

Remote RSSI 4 Signal strength received

by remote station

Local RSSI 4 Signal strength for this

remote as received by

local station

FWD power 4 Tenths of a watt.

Rev power 1 0 = good

1 = poor

RX quality 3 Number of good data

blocks received in the

last 15.

3 Number of total data

blocks detected, maxi-

mum 15.

Note: A data block is about 26 bytes long.

A typical diagnostic string, with its interpreta-

tion, is shown below:

0003,+28,13.1,-093,-088,4.7,1,015,015

Remote station # 3 reports that:

• its internal case temperature is +28°C,

• supply voltage is 13.1 VDC,

• it is receiving a signal of -93 dBm from the

master,

• the master is receiving a signal of -88 dBm

from station 003,

• the forward power is 4.7 watts,

• the reflected power is OK,

• 15 of the last 15 data blocks were received

correctly.

2.6.2 Interpreting Diagnostic

Results

Interpretation of the diagnostic results is similar

for both online and offline diagnostics. Where

differences exist, they will be noted in the text.

For simplicity, we continue to assume that diag-

nostics are being collected at the master station.

2.6.2.1 Short ID

Online diagnostic data is identified by the Short

ID of the unit. Users should make sure that all

units in a communicating group have unique

Short IDs.

2.6.2.2 Temperature

Internal case temperature of sending unit. This

is a 3-digit signed value in degrees C. This value

should remain within the limits of -30ºC to

+60ºC.

2.6.2.3 B+ Voltage

Current value of supply voltage. This is a 4 digit

signed value in volts, e.g. a value of 13.3 indi-

cates 13.3 VDC. This value should remain

within the limits of 10-16 VDC.

2.6.2.4 Remote RSSI

Displays the strength of the last valid data signal

received by a reporting remote unit.

In a polling type network, the last signal usually

originates from the polling master unit.

For the master itself, the last signal received is

that of the remote that answered the previous

poll.

120 4010x-002 11 Integra TR Technical Manual

This is a 4-digit value, including the leading mi-

nus sign, expressed in dBm with a typical accu-

racy of +/- 2dB. For example, a value of -090

indicates a signal strength of -90 dBm.

2.6.2.5 Local RSSI

Displays the strength of the last valid data signal

received by the connected Integra-TR unit. The

format described in the Remote RSSI section

above applies.

2.6.2.6 Interpreting RSSI Readings

Typical values of RSSI will be in the range of

-110 dBm to -60 dBm, with higher values (i.e.

less negative values) indicating a stronger sig-

nal.

Reliability of data reception depends largely on

signal strength. Good design practice calls for a

minimum 30 dB “fade margin”, based on a

threshold reception level of -107 dBm (1 uV) at

speed of 9600 b/s. Experience indicates that this

will give about 99.5% reliability.

Some representative performance values for

9600 b/s operation are given below. These val-

ues assume that the units are correctly aligned

and installed in a quiet location. Environments

with high electrical or RF noise levels will re-

quire an increase in the numbers shown to

achieve a given level of reliability.

-100 dBm. Approximately 50% reliability.

Fading may cause frequent data loss.

-90 dBm. Approximately 90% reliability. Fad-

ing will cause occasional data loss.

-80 dBm. Approximately 99% reliability. Rea-

sonable tolerance to most fading.

-70 dBm. Approximately 99.9% reliability with

high tolerance to fading.

If RSSI values drops seasonally, the most likely

cause is tree foliage, which can interfere with

radio transmissions during the spring and sum-

mer.

2.6.2.7 Forward Power

Approximate measure of transmit power. This is

a 4 digit value in watts rounded to the nearest

tenth. Note that this is an approximate value

that should be used for trend monitoring

only. It does not compare in accuracy with val-

ues obtained by a standard wattmeter.

2.6.2.8 Interpreting Power Readings

The values returned are approximate and should

not be regarded as an absolute indicator of per-

formance. For example, a unit that shows a for-

ward power of 4.5 watts may actually measure

at 5.0 watts on a lab quality wattmeter. For this

reason, these values should not be used to indi-

cate that a unit is out of spec or to compare one

unit to another.

However, the values returned are consistent

over time for any given unit. If statistics are kept

on a unit per unit basis, changes in forward or

reflected power are significant.

Therefore, the following conditions are worthy

of investigation.

1. Forward power output drops or rises by

more than 10% from its established value.

Reflected power remains low.

2. This indicates that the transmitter may need

alignment or that a component may be in

need of replacement.

3. Forward power output drops by more than

10% from its established value. Reflected

power shows an increase.

This indicates a possible antenna or feedline

problem that affects SWR (Standing Wave

Ratio).

2.6.2.9 Reverse Power

Approximate measure of reverse (reflected)

power. The value is returned differently for on-

line and offline diagnostics:

Online: The value returned is 0 if reverse power

is within acceptable limits, 1 if reverse power is

too high. The threshold is set to approximately

1/4 of the forward power value.

Offline: Value is in watts to the nearest tenth.

This value is intended as an indication of an-

tenna problems and will normally be used for

trend monitoring. Ideally it should close to be

120 4010x-002 12 Integra TR Technical Manual

zero, but values up to about 15% of Forward

Power may be encountered in properly operating

systems.

2.6.2.10 Reverse Power and SWR

A reverse power reading above zero is an indi-

cation that the antenna, feedline or connectors

are damaged, corroded or improperly tuned.

This creates standing waves that are reported as

a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR).

The table below, based on a forward power of 5

watts (it may be scaled for lower power settings)

gives guidelines to interpreting these figures:

Table 4: SWR / Rev Pwr

SWR Rev Pwr Significance

1:1 0 ideal situation

1.5:1 0.2 normal operation

2:1 0.6 should be investi-

gated

3:1 or

greater 1.25 or

greater defective antenna,

feedline or connec-

tors.

In the case that the values returned by the built-

in diagnostics seem to indicate a problem, we

recommend verification by means of proper ra-

dio shop equipment.

2.6.2.11 RX Quality Indicator

This is the number of good received data trans-

missions out of the last 15.

The receive quality indicator value returned by

any remote unit to the master station is an indi-

cation of the reception quality on the outbound

path.

If the master station is monitored, either from a

remote station or by using a local GET STATS,

users should note that the receive quality indi-

cator thus returned is a composite value which

represents the average reception from the last 15

remotes. Any significant drop in the receive

quality indicator returned by the master station

is therefore likely to indicate a problem with the

master station receiver itself, rather than any one

remote station.

2.7 Offline Diagnostics

Offline diagnostics are returned in response to a

specific request to a particular station. Requests

are issued using the Integra RDS, either locally

or remotely from another station. This may

cause slight temporary network disruption.

The diagnostic information available is similar

to that available from online diagnostics with

the following additions:

Demodulated signal voltage: peak-to-peak

Analog 1 input voltage: 0 – 10 V in tenths

Analog 2 input voltage: 0 – 10 V in tenths

Reverse power: tenths of a watt rather than a

good / poor flag.

Note: Analog 1 and 2 have 8 bits of resolution.

120 4010x-002 13 Integra TR Technical Manual

2.8 Low Power Operation

To accommodate users, who operate sites with

limited available power, Integra-TR offers the

following power saving features:

1. Reduced transmit power

2. Suspend mode

3. Sleep mode

2.8.1 Reduced Transmit Power

Integra-TR’s transmitter is type-approved for

power levels less than 5 watts. Simply select the

desired power setting using the Integra RSS.

Reducing transmitter output power from 5 watts

to 1 watt will reduce maximum current con-

sumption by approximately 0.5A to 1.0 A de-

pending on radio model.

2.8.2 Suspend Mode

Note: as long as the RTS is asserted (on any

port), the unit will be kept awake.

In Suspend mode, remote stations remain in

“low power consumption mode” (nominal 7

mA), waking up periodically for about 100 ms

to check the presence of a carrier.

If a carrier is present, the unit will remain awake

for a period of time set by the Activity timeout.

At the end of that time, if a carrier is present or

if data has been decoded, the Activity timeout is

restarted.

If there is no carrier or no data was decoded, the

unit goes into “low power consumption mode”

for the duration of the Suspend period.

The Suspend period can be set via the RSS to

any value between 50 to 12000 ms in 50 ms

steps. Setting a value of 0 disables the Suspend

mode.

The Activity timeout can be set via the RSS to

any value between 1 and 255 seconds.

The same Activity timeout and Suspend period

values must be set for both master and re-

mote stations.

Master stations always remain awake. To make

sure those suspended remotes have time to wake

up for outbound master data transmission, the

master unit will automatically extend its start-

of-transmission synchronization time to slightly

exceed that of the remote stations’ Suspend pe-

riod. This is done only for the first transmission.

If the subsequent master transmissions begin

within the Activity timeout setting, it will then

begin with a normal start-of-transmission syn-

chronization time.

If the delay between master transmissions is

more than the Activity timeout, the next trans-

mission will be extended.

2.8.3 Sleep Mode

In this mode, the unit is always in low power

consumption (nominal 7 mA). Only asserting

RTS on the COM or the SETUP ports can wake-

up the unit. When the unit is sleeping, it cannot

detect the presence of a carrier. This mode can

be selected from the RSS.

The unit will be ready to receive a carrier and

decode data within 45 to 65 ms (depending on

radio model and temperature) after wake-up.

2.8.4 Remote Unit Wake-up by DTE

A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) connected at an

Integra-TR (configured as remote) can be awak-

ened by raising either RTS inputs.

DOX mode: either COM or SETUP ports RTS

can be used for wake-up. Data from DTE cannot

wake-up the unit.

RTS mode: the SETUP port RTS can be used

for wake-up without causing transmission.

2.9 Transmitter Timeout

Integra-TR is equipped with a 30-second trans-

mitter timeout (Tx Timeout) designed to protect

both Integra-TR itself and the network in case a

transmitter becomes “stuck” on the air.

Should this happen with a remote station, the

master would be unable to hear some or all of

the other remote stations (depending on relative

120 4010x-002 14 Integra TR Technical Manual

signal strength), seriously disrupting network

operation.

The Tx Timeout is fixed at 30 seconds, and may

be enabled or disabled using the Integra RSS.

When active, the Tx Timeout disables the

transmitter. The timer can be reset by cycling

RTS off and back on again. In DOX mode the

timer will reset at the next break in the data

stream that exceeds the value set for the Data

Forwarding Timer. In either case, a new trans-

mission may begin immediately.

If your application software may occasionally

output data for longer than 30 seconds, the TX

TIMEOUT timer may be disabled. Warning:

Transmissions longer than 30 seconds may

exceed the duty cycle rating of the transmit-

ter and lead to shortened life or transmitter

failure.

However, for high-duty-cycle transmit applica-

tions, a fan is available as an option (contact

your sales representative). For continuous-

transmit application, the TX Timeout timer must

be turned off (set to “disable”).

2.10 Optimizing Your System

Detailed system engineering is beyond the scope

of this manual. However, there are some simple

tips that can be used to optimize performance of

a radio based SCADA or telemetry system.

Choose the best protocol. Some SCADA de-

vices allow a choice of more than one operating

protocol. In some cases, performance can be

improved by selecting a different protocol. Your

sales representative can advise you for many

common types of equipment, or a simple trial

and error process can be used to select the one

that performs best.

Check timer settings. Polling protocols issue a

poll, then wait a certain time for a response. In-

tegra-T adds a short amount of delay to each

poll and response (typically in the order of 60 to

70 ms). Timer settings that are too short may

cause erroneous indication of missed polls, in

which case the application may retry or continue

to cycle, ignoring the missed station. In this

case, the response may collide with the next

poll, further increasing errors. Setting an ade-

quate timer margin will avoid problems and

maximize performance.

Avoid flow control. Set the Com port baud rate

to a value less than or equal to the radio network

speed (4800, 9600 or 19200 b/s). In a polling

system, this will prevent buffer overflow with

possible missed transmissions. If the port baud

rate must be set higher than the radio network

speed, you may have to limit message length to

prevent possible buffer overflow. Integra-T will

always exert a flow control signal (CTS

dropped) if buffers are almost full, but not all

DTE honor such signals.

Use the highest suitable port baud rate, without

exceeding the radio network speed. Operating

an RTU at 1200 b/s on a 9600 b/s network will

increase data transmission delays and reduce

system performance.

Evaluate the need for online diagnostics. Ena-

bling online diagnostics increases delays by 5 to

10 ms (depending on speed). In critical appli-

cations, this extra delay can be eliminated by

disabling online diagnostics. Offline diagnostics

(diagnostics on request) remain available.

120 4010x-002 15 Integra TR Technical Manual

3. Maintenance adjustments

3.1 Overview and Mainte-

nance intervals

This chapter outlines the basic adjustment pro-

cedures required upon initial installation and

thereafter at annual maintenance intervals or

whenever deterioration in performance indicates

that adjustment may be required. Units are de-

livered from the factory properly aligned and

tested on the frequencies specified at time of

order. Adjustment beyond that described in this

chapter is not required unless radio modules

have been tampered with or repaired. In such

cases, we recommend complete factory re-

alignment, as special test jigs are required.

3.2 Intended Audience

This chapter is intended for use by installation

and maintenance personnel.

3.3 Equipment Required

The adjustments described below require the

following equipment:

1. 13.3 VDC / 5A regulated power supply.

2. Radio service monitor (IFR or equivalent).

3. Cable with SMA connector to connect Inte-

gra-T to the service monitor.

4. Integra Radio Service Software (RSS) kit.

5. A PC 486 or better to run the RSS.

6. Normal radio shop tools including align-

ment tools.

3.4 Test Point

For trouble shooting aid, there is one test point

available at pin 4 of the power/analog connector

(white wire). This demodulated signal meas-

urement is half the voltage read at the RSSI bar

graph.

Note: the RX-TP mode must be selected using

the Integra RSS.

3.5 Basic Adjustments

Basic adjustments to be performed are:

1. Transmitter power output

2. Transmitter frequency

3. Transmitter deviation

4. Demodulated signal level

5. Carrier Sense

3.5.1 Preliminary Steps

Important Note: Before proceeding make

sure that the service monitor has been cali-

brated recently and has warmed up for at

least the time specified by its manufacturer.

Some reported frequency and deviation prob-

lems have actually been erroneous indications

from service monitors that have not adequately

warmed up. This is particularly likely when

field service is done during winter months.

1. Connect the Integra-TR’s antenna connector

to the input of the service monitor using a

suitable length of 50-ohm cable. That input

should be able to support at least 5 watts.

2. Connect Integra-TR to a suitable power

supply and adjust the supply voltage to 13.3

volts (16 VDC maximum).

3. Using a suitable 9-conductor straight RS-

232 cable, connect the unit’s Setup port to

the RS-232 port of a PC and run the Integra

RSS program (INTRSS.exe) on the PC.

4. Press GET to get the configuration from the

unit.

5. From the Radio Settings window, accessed

by double-clicking the Radio Settings icon,

set the frequency to be used for testing.

Leave this window open and on top.

6. Follow the steps in the Table 4.

3.5.2 After Adjustments are Done

Adjustments made using the RSS are temporary

and must be made permanent as follows:

1. After all adjustments are completed satis-

factorily, press “PUT” to save the changes

permanently to the unit.

2. Press Station Reset to activate all configu-

ration changes.

120 4010x-002 16 Integra TR Technical Manual

Table 5: Tests and adjustments half and full channel units

STEP ACTION EXPECTED

RESULTS MEASURE

WITH IF NOT?

1Output Power

Press TX Unmod

5 W1 +10%,

-20%

Service monitor

set to read power Adjust using the RSS Power Out

setting (255 is the maximum) or,

Refer to factory tech support.

2Frequency Error

Press TX Unmod

Within ± 300 Hz Service monitor

set to read fre-

quency

Adjust using the RSS Freq Warp

setting.

(Typical adjustment range is

1.5KHz) If found outside limits,

user is to call factory technical

support.

3Deviation

Press TX tone

For any bit rate speeds selected

Tol. +5%, -10%

For Full channel:

±4.0 kHz

For Half channel:

±2.5 kHz

Service monitor

set to read de-

viation with mid

(15-30 kHz) IF

filter.

Adjust using the RSS Deviation

setting if required.

4 Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. The signal should be

modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone at ± 3 kHz deviation. Set service monitor IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.

5Demodulated Audio

Press CHK

For any bit rate speeds selected:

• For Full channel unit, set gen-

erator deviation to ±4.0 kHz

• For Half channel unit, set gen-

erator deviation to ±2.5 kHz.

2.0 Vpp ± 0.2 Bar graph in Ra-

dio Settings win-

dow.

Adjust using RXA adjust setting if

required.

612 dB SINAD

Set service monitor IF filter to mid

(15-30 kHz).

• For Full channel unit, set de-

viation to ±3 kHz.

• For Half channel unit, set de-

viation to ±1.5 KHz

≤ 0.5µV2Service monitor

set for SINAD. Refer to factory tech support

Note: Connect to the test audio

pin 4 of the power/analog con-

nector (white lead)3

7Distortion

Set service monitor IF filter to mid

(15-30 kHz).

< 3% Service monitor

set for

DISTORTION.

Refer to factory tech support.

Note: Connect to the test audio

pin 4 of the power/analog con-

nector (white lead)3

1 (unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used for testing. Check

also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.

2 if a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.

3 in the RSS’ Analog connector window, Check the RX-TP box. (Accessed by double-clicking the Analog Connector icon).

120 4010x-002 17 Integra TR Technical Manual

4. Circuit Description

4.1 Overview

This chapter describes the circuit operation of

the logic board.

4.2 Intended Audience

This chapter is intended for use by engineering

and service personnel.

4.3 Circuit Description

Refer to Figure 12 when reading the following

sections.

4.3.1 Microprocessor Circuit

For the microprocessor section, two Z84015

CMOS low power Intelligent Peripheral Con-

trollers are used. Each IPC is an 8-bit micro-

processor integrated with CTC, SIO, PIO Clock

Generator Controller and Watch Dog Timer.

One of the Z84015s (U17) is used in the normal

mode. The other Z84015 (U21) is used in the

evaluation mode and as such only the CTC, SIO

and PIO section are used. The CPU section is

disabled.

The first Z84015 Clock Generator uses a

19.6608 MHz crystal which provides a CPU

clock rate of 9.8304 MHz for both Z84015s. The

9.8304 MHz clock is further divided by 2 to

feed all 8 CTC (4 in each Z84015).

The 64K memory space of the Z84015 is di-

vided into two blocks of 32k each. The lower

32K is used for the firmware program and the

upper 32K by the CMOS RAM (U18). ). The

memory IC used for the program is a CMOS

FLASH (U22) with 1024 sectors of 128 bytes

each.

The dual Z84015 circuit provides up to 8 CTC,

4 SIO (Serial I/O) and 32 PIO (Parallel In-

put/Output) lines.

The CPU also provides the clock for the CPLD

modem.

4.3.2 RS232

The RS232 IC (U15) is used to interface the

application DE-9 connector to the SIO_B sec-

tion of U17, and the set-up DE-9 connector to

the SIO_A section of U21. When in sleep mode,

two receivers remain enabled, this is needed for

fast wakeup.

4.3.3 MODEM

The modem section is used to interface the se-

rial digital data to the transceiver.

The CPLD modem IC (U16) with a program-

mable Raise–Cosine filter (U10), operates in

DRCMSK mode at 4800, 9600 and 19200

bits/sec. It incorporates a 7-bit hardware scram-

bler and uses Differential (NRZI) encoding in

DRCMSK mode to minimize data pattern-

sensitivity. Electronic potentiometer U5B (E-

Pot), controlled by CPU U17, is used to set the

transmitter deviation by amplitude adjustment of

the baseband signal. Electronic potentiometer

U5C is also provided to adjust the frequency of

the RF carrier.

4.3.4 TRANSMIT & RECEIVE DATA

Transmit Data from the RS-232 port is level-

shifted to TTL by U15, then passed through the

CPU for further processing and convertion from

asynchronous to synchronous format. The

CPLD modem, U16 takes the digital data

stream from SIO-A of the CPU and synthesizes

to the constant-amplitude analog baseband sig-

nal, which is filtered by U10, buffered by U9B

then applied to radio module TXA at P1-6.

Received signals are applied to the RXA pin on

P1-13 amplified by U3A, whose gain is set by

the electronic potentiometer U5D, and then fil-

tered by U10. The same filter circuit is used for

transmission and reception: two analog multi-

plexer/demultiplexer gates (U8A and B) con-

trolled by TX_EN line are used for sharing. The

filter U10 cut-off frequency is programmable by

the CPLD, based on the data rate. The analog

signal is then buffered by U1D and fed to Peak

Detectors U3C, U3D and U3B, and to the slicer

circuit U1C via U1B. The raw data is then

passed to the CPLD modem U16 for descram-

bling and receive clock recovery. The resulting

120 4010x-002 18 Integra TR Technical Manual

synchronous bit stream is then fed to CPU, SIO-

A for further processing and convertion to

asynchronous format before delivery to the RS-

232 driver and to the user port.

4.3.5 Integra-R A/D and DIGIPOT

An 8 channel, 8-bit successive approximation

A/D converter, type ADC0838 (U4), is inter-

faced to CPU (U17) and Peripheral (U21).

CH0 and CH1 are connected to the positive and

negative peak detector of the modem section.

The software can thus read the positive or nega-

tive value of an RX signal, or using the differ-

ential mode, the actual peak-to-peak RX signal

value.

CH3 is used to measure the radio RSSI signal

which was amplified by U7A.

CH4 is connected to the radio diagnostic signal

(P3-14). This pin is used to output an analog

signal corresponding to the power output and

the reflected signal.

CH5 is connected to U6 (LM50), a temperature

sensor with a -40 to +125°C range.

CH6 is used to read the SWB+ voltage after

proper scaling into the 0-5 V range.

CH7 and CH8 are connected to EXT SIGNAL 1

and 2. A 2:1 divider and protection circuit is

inserted between both external signals and the

A/D.

The EXTERNAL SIGNAL 1 and 2 pins are also

connected to U21 at PB6 and PB7 through tran-

sistors Q3 and Q4, and thus can be used for

ANALOG INPUT or DIGITAL OUTPUT

(available on some Integra versions).

EXT_SIGNAL2 is also connected to the rx test

point RX-TP through U8A (74HC4066). Under

software control the RX-TP (scaled down by 2)

is thus available on the power connector for

trouble-shooting purposes.

A 4 channel digital potentiometer type (U5) is

used to adjust the RX SIGNAL, TX

MODULATION, CARRIER FREQUENCY and

CARRIER DETECT THRESHOLD.

An 8 channel, 8-bit successive approximation

A/D converter, type AD0838 (U9), is interfaced

to CPU (U18) and Peripheral (U20).

U19 generates a power-on reset for the CPU and

U6 is a temperature sensor used by the firmware

to compensate for variations in RSSI.

The RSSI signal from the transceiver is ampli-

fied and filtered by U7A, it is then compared to

a threshold value set by a digital potentiometer

(U5A). The output of the comparator (U7B) is

used to change the hold time of both peak de-

tectors at the beginning of the receive packet.

4.3.6 Wake-Up Circuit

The wake-up circuit for Integra-R consists of a

50 ms monostable circuit that is triggered by the

rising edge of a SLEEP signal from the CPU

(U17). The falling edge of this 50 ms pulse (end

of pulse) is connected to the \NMI of the CPU

and thus will wake up the CPU from SLEEP

mode after 50 ms.

When exiting SLEEP mode on a \NMI, the CPU

firmware will increment a counter, then return

to SLEEP until it reaches a limit set by a soft-

ware parameter. When the programmed count is

reached the CPU will wake up the radio and the

RS232 driver, program the synthesizer, and

watch for channel activity.

While in sleep mode (during the 50 ms pulse) an

active RTS from either communication port will

reset (terminate) the 50 ms pulse so that its fal-

ling edge will restart the CPU immediately.

The CPU will check to see if either RTS signal

is valid each time it is restarted by the \NMI.

The firmware will only start the sleep timer after

checking that all "wakeup" inputs are inactive.

4.3.7 Power Supply

The 13.3 volt DC power input is protected by a

3 amp fuse and reverse protected by a diode.

A 5 volt, low voltage regulator (U12) is used to

power all digital functions and another 5 volt,

low voltage regulator is used to control the

analog +5V_SW voltage in the sleep mode.

120 4010x-002 19 Integra TR Technical Manual

BI-

DE9

SETUP

PORT

USER

PORT

U15

U21

PERIPHERAL

PA0-PA7

SIO-A

OUT

OUT-2

U17

CPU

MEM.

DECODE

U20A,B

ROM

U22

RAM

U18

A/D

CONTROL BUS

DATA BUS

DDRESS BUS

CLK,DATA

SELECT

SIO-B

U16

TXC

TXD

CLOCK

RXC

CPLD

MODEM

RXD

MODE

SPEED

RADIO

MODULE

TXA

FILTER

CLOCK

RXS

SLICER

LEVEL

RX-EN

U1B

U5D

E-POT

U3A

RX GAIN

RXA

U5C

E-POT

U9D

WARP

U5B

E-POT

U9B

DEV

U5A

E-POT U7B

TXA

U8A

U10

U8B

RSSI

U1A

U1D PEAK

DETECT

U3C,D,B

U1C

FAST PEAK DETECT

TX-EN

TX ENABLE

RX-EN

RX ENABLE

SYNTH

SYNTHESIZER ENABLE-CLOCK-DATA

RESET

U19

19.6MHz

CARRIER DETECT

EXT 1

EXT 2

DIAG

U7A

TEMPERATURE

SENSOR

5 VOLTS

U11,U12

REGULATOR SWB+

13.6 V OUT

REV DESCRIPTION DATE

DATARADIO INC.

Check

Draft

Design P/N

SIZE BSHEET

Check

DOC/N

DATE

LEVEL

INTEGRA-R

LOGIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

210-03315-000 1 / 1

990302

DUNG NGUYEN

EMISSION

Figure 12 - Logic Board Block Diagram

120 4010x-002 20 Integra TR Technical Manual

Specifications

GENERAL

VHF UHF 900 MHz

Frequency 132 - 174 MHz 403 - 512 MHz 928 - 960 MHz

Channels One channel. Frequency may be set locally or remotely.

Channel spacing 30 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHz

Operating temperature -30°C to +60°C

Supply voltage 10 - 16 VDC maximum (nominal 13.3 VDC)

Fuse protected input (internal surface mount 3A fuse: not field replaceable),

Input is also protected against reverse voltage.

RX Current drain at 13.3 VDC < 170 mA (with a terminal connected to Integra-T COM port)

TX Current drain at 13.3 VDC <1.8 A < 2.0 A < 2.5 A

Low power mode current drain 7 mA (nominal)

Cold start14 sec (typical)

Warm start RX245 to 60 msec (depending on radio model and temperature)

Warm start TX355 to 70 msec (depending on radio model and temperature)

TX turnon time415 ms typical

RX/TX bandwidth,

without tuning

18 MHz (132 - 150)

24 MHz (150 - 174)

16 MHz except

20 MHz (450 - 470)

32 MHz

Nominal Dimensions 4.5” W x 2.2” H x 4.75” D (11.4 x 5.6 x 12.1 cm)

RECEIVER

VHF UHF 900 MHz

Sensitivity 0.35 µV for 12 dB SINAD *

Selectivity (25 or 30 kHz) 75 dB typical

70 dB minimum

72 dB typical

65 dB minimum

Selectivity (12.5 or 15 kHz) 65 dB typical

60 dB minimum

63 dB typical

60 dB minimum

Intermodulation 75 dB typical

70 dB minimum

72 dB typical

70 dB minimum

Spurious rejection 75 dB typical

70 dB minimum

75 dB typical

70 dB minimum

FM hum & noise -48 dB typical

-45 dB max (30 kHz)

-48 dB typical

-45 dB max (25 kHz)

-43 dB typical

-40 dB max (25 kHz)

Conducted spurious < -57 dBm

* psophometrically weighted

TRANSMITTER

VHF UHF 900 MHz

RF power output 1 to 5 watts, software adjustable

Spurious and harmonics -63 dBc (-26 dBm) typ

-57 dBc (-20 dBm) max

-75 dBc (--38 dBm) typ

-63 dBc (-26 dBm) max

-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ

-57 dBc (-20 dBm) max

Frequency stability 2.5 PPM 1.5 PPM 1.5 PPM

FM hum and noise -50 dB typical (30 kHz)

-45 dB max (30 kHz)

-50 dB typical (25 kHz)

-45 dB max (25 kHz)

-50 dB typical (25 kHz)

-40 dB (max (25 kHz)

Attack time < 7 ms

TX Duty cycle 50%, max TX time 30 seconds

100%, unlimited TX time with the cooling fan option

1 Cold start: This is the time from when DC power is applied, until the unit is fully ready to receive or transmit data.

2 Warm start RX: In low power modes (sleep or suspend), this is the Integra-T wake-up time for full receiver recovery.

3 Warm start TX: In low power modes (sleep or suspend), this is the Integra-T wake-up time for full transceiver operation.

4 TX turnon time: This is the typical RX to TX switching time for stable transmission.

120 4010x-002 21 Integra TR Technical Manual

MODEM / LOGIC

Operation Simplex/half duplex

Data bit rates Full Channel: 4800 b/s, 9600 b/s and 19200 b/s

Half Channel: 4800 b/s, 9600 b/s

Modulation type DRCMSK (Differential Raise-Cosine Minimum Shift Keying)

RTS/CTS delay (RTS mode) 4 ms

Addressing 8 bit station address, 1 bit station type (master, remote)

Bit error rate (BER) better than 1 x 10 -6 at 1.0 µV (based on “block error rate”) @ 9600 b/s (Full Ch.)

COM PORT

Interface EIA RS-232C

Data rate 300 - 19200 b/s

Protocol Transparent, 7 or 8 data bits, 1 or 2 stop bits, even, odd or no parity

Transmit control RTS or DOX (data operated transmit)

SETUP/DIAG PORT

Data format Proprietary binary for setup, ASCII for diags

Data rate 9600 b/s

ANALOG INPUTS

Interface Two inputs, 0 - 10 VDC, 8 bits. May be read only via Offline diagnostics.

Absolute maximum input voltage < 20 Vdc. Inputs are reverse-voltage protected.

DISPLAY

4 two color status LEDs RUN/PWR, CS/SYN, RX/TX, RD/TD

CONNECTORS

RF SMA female

COM DE-9F

SETUP/DIAG DE-9F

Power / Analog Snap & lock 4-pin DC power jack

DIAGNOSTICS

Online Short ID, temperature, B+ voltage, local RSSI, remote RSSI, fwd and rev power, RX quality

Offline As for Online plus: demodulated signal voltage, analog input levels

FCC / IC CERTIFICATIONS

FCC (Pending) IC (DOC)

VHF EOTMCUA5R Pending

(19K4F1D) (16K0F1D)

UHF EOTMCUB5R Pending

(19K4F1D) (16K0F1D)

900 MHz EOTMCUC5R Pending

(16K6F1D) (16K6F1D)

(9K80F1D) (16K0F1D

(9K80F1D)

120 4010x-002 22 Integra TR Technical Manual

INDEX

addressing ................................................................. 9

adjustments

equipment required ............................................. 15

analog inputs ............................................................. 7

break signals.............................................................. 8

characteristics............................................................ 1

circuit description.................................................... 17

COM port

baud rates.............................................................. 8

commands, remote .................................................... 3

configuration............................................................. 1

connections ............................................................... 3

diagnostics............................................................. 3, 8

interpretation....................................................... 10

offline ................................................................. 12

online.................................................................... 9

online string format............................................. 10

using an external program..................................... 9

DOX mode................................................................ 8

DTE connections....................................................... 5

ESN........................................................................... 9

firmware upgrades..................................................... 3

LEDs......................................................................... 5

master........................................................................ 9

optimizing performance .......................................... 14

point to point............................................................. 4

point–multipoint........................................................ 4

power connector........................................................ 7

power saving ........................................................... 13

range (distance)......................................................... 3

remote ....................................................................... 9

RS-232 port............................................................... 6

RTS mode ................................................................. 8

setup port................................................................... 6

short address.............................................................. 9

signal quality........................................................... 12

sleep mode .............................................................. 13

station type................................................................ 9

tail circuit .................................................................. 4

CalAmp Wireless Networks MCUB5R User Manual preliminary version

CALAMP WIRELESS NETWORKS INC. preliminary version

preliminary version

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