Cambium Networks 58100 Wireless Ethernet Bridge User Manual OS Gemini 5825

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PHN-0739-00.03
Orthogon Systems
OS-Spectra 58100 System User Manual
February 15th, 2005
Ref: PHN-0739-00.03
Copyright Information
This document is the confidential property of PipingHot Networks Limited (trading as Orthogon
Systems) and without its prior written consent may not be copied or released to 3rd parties. ©2005
PipingHot Networks Limited.
Compliance
General
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Orthogon Systems could void the user’s
authority to operate the system.
The frequency band in which the system operates is ‘unlicensed’ and the system is allowed to be
used provided it does not cause interference.
Further, it is not guaranteed protection against
interference from other products and installations.
The system has basically been shown to comply with the limits for emitted spurious radiation for a
Class B digital device 1, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules in the USA as well as comparable
regulations in other countries. These limits have been designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation.
Class B Digital Device, A digital device that is marketed for use in a residential environment notwithstanding use in
commercial, business and industrial environments.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
Reorient or relocate the Outdoor Unit (ODU).
•
Increase the separation between the equipment and ODU.
•
Connect the equipment into a power outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Deployment and Operation
The Radio Regulations of various countries limits constrains the operation of radio products generally.
In particular, at 5.8GHz, the local regulator may limit the amount of conducted or radiated transmitter
power and may require registration of the radio link.
The power transmitted by the OS-Spectra product is controlled by the use of Region-specific Licence
Keys.
Contact your supplier/installer to ensure that the product has achieved Type Approval and is set to
the correct licence key for your country/region and to ensure that you have fulfilled all local regulatory
requirements.
Disclaimer
The parameters quoted in this document must be specifically confirmed in writing before they
become applicable to any particular order or contract. The company reserves the right to
make alterations or amendments to the detail specification at its discretion. The publication of
information in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other rights of Orthogon
Systems or others.
Contents
Getting Started......................................... 7
9.1
System Specifications ........................... 94
1.1
For Your Safety ....................................... 7
9.2
Safety Compliance ................................ 98
1.2
Welcome.................................................. 7
9.3
EMC Emissions Compliance ................. 98
1.3
Product Description ................................. 9
9.4
EMC Immunity Compliance ................... 99
1.4
Warranty ................................................ 15
9.5
Radio Certifications ............................... 99
Product Architecture............................. 16
9.6
Environmental Specifications .............. 100
General Considerations........................ 18
9.7
System Connections............................ 101
3.1
Frequency Planning .............................. 18
10
Lightning Protection............................ 102
3.2
Distance................................................. 18
10.1 Overview.............................................. 102
3.3
Networking Information ......................... 18
10.2 Detailed Installation ............................. 102
3.4
Lightning Protection............................... 18
11
3.5
Electrical Requirements ........................ 19
11.1 General ................................................ 108
Site Planning.......................................... 20
11.2 Calculation of Lateral Force................. 108
Site Selection Criteria............................ 20
11.3 OS-Spectra Capabilities ...................... 109
Installation.............................................. 23
11.4 Wind Speed Statistics.......................... 109
4.1
Wind Loading ....................................... 108
5.1
Preparation ............................................ 23
12
5.2
Installation Procedure............................ 23
12.1 Scope................................................... 110
5.3
Tools Required ...................................... 23
12.2 Product Description ............................. 110
5.4
Installation Support................................ 23
12.3 Software/Features ............................... 111
5.5
Legal Disclaimer.................................... 24
12.4 Deployment Considerations ................ 115
5.6
Mounting the ODUs ............................... 24
12.5 Link Budget.......................................... 116
5.7
Connecting Up....................................... 25
12.6 Regulatory Issues................................ 116
Web Page Reference ............................. 35
12.7 Antennas for USA / Canada ................ 118
6.1
Home Page............................................ 35
12.8 Installation............................................ 119
6.2
Systems Status Page ............................ 38
13
FAQs ..................................................... 123
6.3
System Administration Pages ............... 44
14
Glossary ............................................... 126
Recovery Mode ...................................... 89
15
Index...................................................... 127
Fault Finding .......................................... 90
8.1
Hardware ............................................... 90
8.2
Radio ..................................................... 93
Specifications ........................................ 94
OS-Spectra-C ....................................... 110
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Typical OS-Spectra Deployment......................................................................................9
Figure 2 - OS-Spectra Outdoor Unit (ODU) ...................................................................................10
Figure 3 - OS-Spectra Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU) ........................................................................11
Figure 4 - OS-Spectra Recovery Switch Location .........................................................................12
Figure 5 - OS-Spectra SPIDU Power Input ....................................................................................13
Figure 6 - OS-Spectra Layer Diagram............................................................................................16
Figure 7 - Completed ODU connector ............................................................................................26
Figure 8 - RJ45 Pin Connection .....................................................................................................26
Figure 9 - Power and Network Connections...................................................................................27
Figure 10 - Disconnecting the ODU................................................................................................29
Figure 11 - Making the Network Connection ..................................................................................29
Figure 12 - OS-Spectra Home Page ..............................................................................................36
Figure 13 - Alarm Warning Triangle ...............................................................................................37
Figure 14 - Status Page..................................................................................................................39
Figure 15 - System Administration Login Page ..............................................................................44
Figure 16 - System Configuration Page .........................................................................................45
Figure 17 - Configuration Reboot Page..........................................................................................47
Figure 18 - Reset Confirmation Box ...............................................................................................48
Figure 19 - Save and Restore Configuration Page ........................................................................49
Figure 20 - Save File Confirmation Pop-up ....................................................................................50
Figure 21 - Reset Configuration and Reboot Confirmation Pop-up ...............................................51
Figure 22 - Statistics .......................................................................................................................52
Figure 23 - Detailed Counters Page ...............................................................................................55
Figure 24 - Licence Key Data Entry................................................................................................57
Figure 25 - Installation Wizard Internet Protocol Configuration......................................................58
Figure 26 - Installation Wizard Wireless Configuration ..................................................................59
Figure 27 - Fixed Frequency Operation..........................................................................................63
Figure 28 - Installation Wizard Confirm Configuration....................................................................64
Figure 29 - Disarm Installation........................................................................................................65
Figure 30 - Optional Post Disarm Configuration 1..........................................................................66
Figure 31 - Optional Post Disarm Configuration 2..........................................................................66
Figure 32 Software Upgrade ..........................................................................................................67
Figure 33 Software Upgrade Image Check ....................................................................................68
Figure 34 Software Upgrade Complete ..........................................................................................69
Figure 35 - Spectrum Management as seen from the Master........................................................73
Figure 36 - Spectrum Management as seen from the Slave..........................................................73
Figure 37 - Example Spectrum Management Graphic ...................................................................75
Figure 38 - Active Channel History Screen ....................................................................................76
Figure 39 - Spectrum Management Timeseries Plot......................................................................77
Figure 40 - Spectrum Management Help Page..............................................................................79
Figure 41 - Spectrum Management Fixed Frequency Screen .......................................................80
Figure 42 - Remote Management...................................................................................................81
Figure 43 - Diagnostics Download..................................................................................................84
Figure 44 - Password Change........................................................................................................85
Figure 45 - Software Licence Key Data Entry ................................................................................86
Figure 46 - Licence Key Reboot Screen.........................................................................................87
Figure 47 - Properties .....................................................................................................................88
Figure 48 - System Reboot.............................................................................................................88
Figure 49 - Main System Connections ...........................................................................................90
Figure 50 - ODU to SPIDU Connection Diagram .........................................................................101
Figure 51- ODU to Network Connection Diagram ........................................................................101
Figure 52 - ODU Mounted in Zone B & ODU Mounted in Zone A................................................103
Figure 53 - ODU mounted inside Zone B .....................................................................................103
Figure 54 - Diagrammatically Showing Typical Mast Installation .................................................105
Figure 55 - Upper and Lower Grounding Configurations .............................................................106
Figure 56 - Transtector ALPU-ALVR Connection Illustrations .....................................................107
Figure 57 - OS-Spectra-C Outdoor Unit .......................................................................................110
Figure 58 - OS-Spectra-C Status Page ........................................................................................111
Figure 59 - OS-Spectra-C ‘System Configuration’ Page ..............................................................112
Figure 60 - OS-Spectra-C ‘Installation Wizard’ Page ...................................................................113
Figure 61 - OS-Spectra-C ‘Confirm Installation’ Page..................................................................114
Figure 62 - OS-Spectra-C ‘Disarm Installation’ Page...................................................................115
Figure 63 - Forming a Drip Loop ..................................................................................................122
Figure 64 - Weatherproofing the Antenna Connections ...............................................................122
List of Tables
Table 1 - Contact Information ...........................................................................................................8
Table 2 - SPIDU to ODU Power Cable Pin Out..............................................................................11
Table 3 - Aggregate Ethernet throughput rate v maximum link loss ..............................................22
Table 4 - Audio indications from the ODU ......................................................................................33
Table 5 - OS-Spectra Factory Configuration Values ......................................................................56
Table 6 - Spectrum Management (Non UK) change state key ......................................................76
Table 7 - Spectrum Management Timeseries Key .........................................................................77
Table 8 - Receive Sensitivity and System Gains............................................................................95
Table 9 - Protection Requirements...............................................................................................104
Table 10 - Static Link Budget for Various Antenna Options .........................................................116
Table 11 - Cable Losses per Length ............................................................................................117
Table 12 - Allowed Antennas for Deployment in USA/Canada ....................................................118
List of Equations
Equation 1 - Path Loss ...................................................................................................................21
Equation 2 - Link Loss ....................................................................................................................42
1
Getting Started
1.1
For Your Safety
CAUTION Users and installers should note that the mains power supply is the primary
disconnect device.
WARNING Use extreme care when installing antennas near power lines.
WARNING Use extreme care when working at heights.
CAUTION When the system is operational, avoid standing directly in front of the antenna.
Strong RF fields are present when the transmitter is on. The Outdoor Unit (ODU) must not be
deployed in a location where it is possible for people to stand or walk inadvertently in front of
the antenna.
WARNING The OS-Spectra Outdoor unit must be properly grounded to protect against
lightning. It is the user’s responsibility to install the equipment in accordance with Section 810
of the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 or Section 54 of the Canadian
Electrical Code. These codes describe correct installation procedures for grounding the
outdoor unit, mast, lead-in wire and discharge unit, size of grounding conductors and
connection requirements for grounding electrodes. It is recommended that installation of the
outdoor unit be contracted to a professional installer.
CAUTION Safety will be compromised if external quality cables are not used for connections
that will be exposed to the weather.
CAUTION Safety will be compromised if a different power supply is used than the one
supplied by Orthogon as part of the system.
1.2
Welcome
Congratulations on the purchase of the OS-Spectra systems from Orthogon Systems. The
OS-Spectra is the latest innovation in high-speed wireless networking that lets you deploy
wireless networks in areas previously unattainable.
1.2.1
About This Guide
This guide covers the installation, commissioning, operation and fault finding of the OSSpectra system.
1.2.2
Who Should Use This Guide
The guide is for use by the system installer and the end user IT professional.
The system installer will require expertise in the following areas:
1.2.3
•
Outdoor radio equipment installation
•
Network configuration
•
Use of web browser for system configuration, monitoring and fault finding
Contact Information
Postal Address:
Orthogon Systems,
Unit A1, Linhay Business Park,
Eastern Road,
Ashburton,
Devon. TQ13 7UP
United Kingdom
Telephone Enquiries:
+44 (0) 1364 655500
Fax Enquiries:
+44 (0) 1364 654625
Web Site:
http://www.orthogonsystems.com/
Sales Enquires:
mailto:sales@orthogonsystems.com
North American:
mailto:usainfo@orthogonsystems.com
International:
mailto:globalinfo@orthogonsystems.com
Web Support:
http://www.orthogonsystems.com/
Email Support:
mailto:support@orthogonsystems.com
Table 1 - Contact Information
Comments or suggestions concerning this user manual may be emailed to the support team.
1.2.4
Repair and Service
For unit repair or service, contact your service provider or an authorised Orthogon Systems
distributor for return material authorisation (RMA) and shipping instructions.
1.3
Product Description
This User Manual is specifically written for the OS-Spectra platform and the 58100 software
load.
The OS-Spectra has been developed to provide Point-to-Point data connectivity via a
5.8 GHz wireless Ethernet bridge operating at broadband data rates. The OS-Spectra is
aimed at enterprises that have a requirement to connect together the Local Area Network
(LAN) of two or more buildings. Figure 1 illustrates such a deployment.
The OS-Spectra offers true non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) operation by using a combination of
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulation and Multi-Beam Space Time
Coding (STC) techniques. These technologies enable the OS-Spectra to drive through foliage
and around buildings to such an extent that almost universal coverage can be expected at
short range.
The OS-Spectra consists of a pair of identical devices that are deployed one at each end of
the link. At install time the user sets up one unit as the Master and the other as the Slave.
Either unit can be configured as master or slave.
Each end of the link consists of:
•
An integrated outdoor transceiver unit containing all the radio and networking electronics
hereafter referred to as the Outdoor Unit (ODU).
•
An indoor connection box containing a mains power supply and status indicators.
Hereafter referred to as the OS-Spectra Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU).
•
Units will normally be supplied pre-configured as a link.
Building 1
Mains
Supply
Building 2
Cat 5
Cables
SPIDU
SPIDU
Network
Equipment
Network
Equipment
Figure 1 - Typical OS-Spectra Deployment
Power is fed into the SPIDU from the mains via a standard IEC mains plug. Connections
between the ODU and SPIDU and between the ODU and Network Equipment are made
using standard CAT 5 UV resistant cable.
1.3.1
The Outdoor Unit (ODU)
The ODU (Figure 2) is a self-contained unit. It houses both radio and networking electronics.
The current version of OS-Spectra requires two cables; one to supply power and one to
connect the unit to the users Network Equipment. The OS-Spectra ODU should only be
deployed using the supplied OS-Spectra Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU).
Figure 2 - OS-Spectra Outdoor Unit (ODU)
10
1.3.2
The OS-Spectra Power Indoor Unit
The OS-Spectra Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU) is used to generate the ODU supply voltage from
the mains supply. The SPIDU also houses a status indicator driven from the ODU. The
SPIDU is connected to the ODU via a Cat 5 cable using standard RJ45 wiring. The cable
conductors are allocated as shown in Table 2 - SPIDU to ODU Power Cable Pin Out.
The pin out used in this version of OS-Spectra is not standard PoE (Power over Ethernet).
Care should be taken not to connect equipment other than a OS-Spectra ODU to a SPIDU as
equipment damage may occur. The SPIDU is not compatible with and OS-Gemini PIDU.
Pin Number
Conductor Colour
Orange/White
Orange
Green/White
Blue
Blue/White
Green
Brown/White
Brown
Usage
0V
+55V & LED Control
0V
+55V
Table 2 - SPIDU to ODU Power Cable Pin Out
Figure 3 - OS-Spectra Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU)
The front panel contains indicators showing the status of the power and Ethernet
connections.
The power indicator is illuminated when the SPIDU is receiving mains power.
11
The Ethernet indicator normally illuminates when the Ethernet link is working; Flashing when
there is Ethernet activity; the fact that it lights also indicates that the ODU is powered. At
power up the LED will flash 10 times to indicate that a correct start up sequence has
occurred. See Section 6 for further fault finding information.
The bottom of the SPIDU an entry point for SPIDU/ODU cabling and the recovery switch.
Figure 4 - OS-Spectra Recovery Switch Location
The recovery switch is used to recover the unit from configuration errors or software image
corruption. To put an OS-Spectra unit into recovery mode the recovery switch should be
depressed then the power applied. The recovery switch should be kept depressed for
between 10 to 20 seconds after the power has been applied. Full instruction on the recovery
mode can be found in section 7 “Recovery Mode”.
A simple reset can be performed by removing and re-applying the mains power to the SPIDU.
1.3.3
SPIDU Mains Power
The SPIDU incorporates a mains power supply which is converted to supply the non-standard
Power Over Ethernet (POE) output by the SPIDU. The input supply range for the powers
supply is 90V-264V AC, 47-63Hz.
12
Figure 5 - OS-Spectra SPIDU Power Input
1.3.4
Cables and Connectors
The cables used to connect the SPIDU to the ODU and the ODU to the users Network
Equipment can be any standard CAT 5 type provided that it is suitable for outdoor
deployment. Orthogon Systems recommends that cables to the specification below be used.
NEC/CEC: CMR (ETL) C (ETL) 75C SUN RES OIL RES II
Failure to use the recommended (or equivalent) standard of cable may invalidate the
system’s safety certification.
The SPIDU/ODU cable may be unscreened (UTP) or screened (STP). However, unscreened
cables reduce the system’s ability to cope with nearby lightning strikes. If lightning activity is
common in the area of deployment, the use of screened cable is highly recommended. See
Section 10 “Lightning Protection”.
The ODU network connection implements automatic MDI/MDI-X sensing and pair swapping
allowing connection to another piece of networking equipment or directly to end user
equipment.
1.3.5
Surge Arrestor
The SPIDU does not provide lightning or surge suppression. Should lightning or surge
suppression be required a separate Ethernet surge suppressor should be used and
appropriately earthed. Suitable surge suppressors can be sourced from your Orthogon
Systems distributor or reseller. The ODU is protected by built-in surge suppression as
standard. See 10 “Lightning Protection”.
13
1.3.6
Mounting Brackets
The OS-Spectra is supplied with a mounting bracket suitable for mounting the ODU to a pole
of 25mm to 75mm in diameter. For more details on mounting, see section 5 “Installation”.
The bracket allows for adjustment in both azimuth and elevation. The bracket may be split
allowing the pole mount section of the bracket to be mounted to the pole first. This allows the
installer to take the weight of the unit and secure it one handed with a single mounting bolt.
The SPIDU can either be desk or wall mounted. The preference is wall mounted with the
cables dressed to a cable channel. Wall mounting is achieved by screwing through the
mounting lugs on either side of the unit. Remember to leave space for access to the reset
button. See section 5.7.9.
1.3.7
Configuration and Management
Configuration and Management of the OS-Spectra is implemented using an inbuilt web server
hosting a number of Configuration and Management web pages. This approach allows
Configuration and Management to be carried out on any standard web browsing technology.
The OS-Spectra can also be managed remotely using the SNMP management protocol.
Connection to the OS-Spectra is via the Ethernet connection carrying the bridge network
traffic. Connection to the unit is via a preset IP address. This address can be changed via the
Network Interface Configuration web page. A full explanation of the available web pages and
their use can be found in section 6 “Web Page Reference”.
14
1.4
Warranty
Orthogon Systems standard hardware warranty is for one (1) year from date of shipment from
Orthogon or Distributor. Orthogon warrants that hardware will conform to the current relevant
published specifications and will be free from material defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service. Orthogon shall within this time, at its own option, either repair
or replace the defective product within thirty (30) days of receipt of the defective product.
Repaired or replaced product will be subject to the original warranty period but not less than
thirty (30) days.
Orthogon Systems warranty for software is for six (6) months from date of shipment from
Orthogon or Distributor. Orthogon warrants that software will perform substantially in
accordance with the published specifications for that release level of the software and will be
free from material defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service.
Orthogon shall within this time correct or replace software to correct significant, demonstrable
program or documentation errors.
IN NO EVENT SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY OTHER
PARTY
FOR
ANY
DIRECT,
INDIRECT,
GENERAL,
SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR OTHER DAMAGE RISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR
LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS
INFORMATION OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS, OR FROM ANY BREACH OF
WARRANTY, EVEN IF ORTHOGON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. (Some States in the USA do not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above exclusion or limitation may
not apply to you.) IN NO CASE SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE
AMOUNT YOU PAID FOR THE PRODUCT.
15
2
Product Architecture
The OS-Spectra consists of an identical pair of units deployed one at each end of the link.
The radio link operates on a single frequency channel in each direction using Time Division
Duplex (TDD). One unit is deployed as a master and the other as a slave. The master unit
takes responsibility for controlling the link in both directions.
The non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) aspects of the product are provided by multi-beam space time
coding, coupled with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulation with a
dispersion capability of 10 microseconds in both directions.
The OS-Spectra has been developed to operate within license exempt frequency bands, for
example the ETSI 5.8 GHz C band (5.725–5.850 GHz) and the USA 5 GHz ISM band
(5.725-5.850 GHz). The OS-Spectra has been designed to coexist with other users of the
band in an optimal fashion using a combination of Transmit Power Control (TPC), Spectrum
Management functionality and Antenna beam shape.
In order to maintain link availability, the product employs adaptive modulation techniques that
dynamically reduce the data rate in severe or adverse conditions. To the data network the
OS-Spectra is implemented as a learning bridge. A learning bridge builds up a picture of
which addresses are connected to which port. This means that it will not bridge a packet if it
knows that the destination address is connected to the same port on which the bridge saw the
packet. Figure 6 illustrates the OS-Spectra layer diagram.
Figure 6 - OS-Spectra Layer Diagram
The OS-Spectra functionality has been extended to encompass the IEEE 802.1q sub
specification IEEE 802.1p. IEEE 802.1p allows the Ethernet packets to be extended by 4
bytes to include the IEEE 802.1q VLAN Tag and VLAN Priority. The OS-Spectra will forward
all VLAN tagged packets regardless of the VLAN ID value.
Each unit in the link is manageable through an IP connection. Standard IP protocols are
utilised for all management functions e.g. HTTP, SNMP, etc.
16
The OS-Spectra is fully software upgradeable. New software images are first download from
the Orthogon Systems website http://www.orthogonsystems.com to a convenient computer.
The image is then uploaded to the ODU via the web management page described in section
0 “Software Upgrade”. The compressed image is first loaded into RAM and check-summed. If
the compressed image transfer has completed successfully the image is decompressed and
written to Flash memory. On completion of this process the unit can be rebooted to use the
newly uploaded image. Should this process fail the unit will revert to a protected compressed
image installed during manufacturing to allow the unit to be recovered.
17
3
General Considerations
3.1
Frequency Planning
The OS-Spectra operates over the frequency range 5.725 to 5.850 GHz (defined as the USA
ISM band and the ETSI 5 GHz C band), utilising a 30 MHz wide channel. Setting of the
operating frequency channel is automatic and is carried out by the built in Dynamic
Frequency Selection (DFS) functionality.
The user can configure the OS-Spectra to avoid using certain frequencies to prevent
interference to other users of the band and prevent operation in parts of the band containing
interference. The use of this functionality is described in detail in section 6.3.8 “Spectrum
Management”.
3.2
Distance
The OS-Spectra will operate at ranges from 100 m to 200 km, this within 4 modes 0-5km, 040km, 0-100km and 0-200km. Operation of the system will depend on obstacles in the path
between the units. Operation at 40 km or above will require a near Line-of-Sight path.
Operation at 100m could be achieved with one unit totally obscured from the other unit, but
with the penalty of transmitting at higher power in a non-optimal direction, thereby increasing
interference in the band. This subject is covered in more detail in section 4.1.3 “Path Loss
Considerations”.
3.3
Networking Information
The OS-Spectra operates as a transparent Ethernet bridge. Each unit requires an IP address.
This IP address is for management purposes only and it plays no part in the operation of the
system. IP addresses are assigned during initial configuration as described in section 5.2
“Installation Procedure”.
3.4
Lightning Protection
The amount of lightning protection is dependent on regulatory requirements and the end user
requirements. The standard OS-Spectra ODU is fitted with surge limiting circuits and other
features to minimize the risk of damage due to nearby lightning strikes. These standard
features may require some additional equipment to be configured as part of the system
installation to be fully effective. Orthogon Systems recommends the use of screened cable
and surge arrestor to protect connected equipment from nearby strikes.
18
Note: The OS-Spectra is not designed to survive direct lightning strikes. For this reason the
unit should not be installed as the highest point in a localised area, unless specific
precautions are taken. See section 10 “Lightning Protection”.
3.5
Electrical Requirements
The OS-Spectra is supplied with a variable input voltage (90-264V, 47-63Hz AC) inline power
supply unit which is incorporated into the Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU). The OS-Spectra
requires one mains supply outlet at each end of the link.
19
4
Site Planning
4.1
Site Selection Criteria
The following are guidelines for selecting the installation location of the OS-Spectra ODU and
SPIDU.
4.1.1
ODU Site Selection
When selecting a site for the ODU the following should be taken into consideration:
•
That it is not possible for people to stand or walk inadvertently in front of the antenna.
•
Height and location to achieve the best radio path
•
Height in relation to other objects with regard to lightning strikes
•
Protection from the weather
•
Aesthetics and planning permission issues
•
Distance from SPIDU and connected equipment (Maximum cable run ODU to connected
equipment is 100m)
•
4.1.2
Distance from the SPIDU to the ODU (Maximum cable run SPIDU to ODU is 100m)
SPIDU Site Selection
When selecting a site for the SPIDU the following should be taken into consideration:
•
Availability of a mains electricity supply
•
Accessibility for viewing status indicators and pressing reset switch (See section 1.3.2
“The Power Indoor Unit (SPIDU)” and section 6 “Fault Finding”
•
Distance from ODU and network equipment (Maximum cable run ODU to connected
equipment is 100m)
•
Distance from the ODU to the SPIDU (Maximum cable run ODU to SPIDU is 100m)
20
4.1.3
Path Loss Considerations
The path loss is the amount of attenuation the radio signal undergoes between the two ends
of the link. The path loss is the sum of the attenuation of the path if there were no obstacles in
the way (Free Space Path Loss), the attenuation caused by obstacles (Excess Path Loss)
and a margin to allow for possible fading of the radio signal (Fade Margin).
L free _ space + Lexcess + L fade + Lseasonal < Lcapability
Where
L free _ space
Free Space Path Loss (dB)
Lexcess
Excess Path Loss (dB)
L fade
Fade Margin Required (dB)
Lseasonal
Seasonal Fading (dB)
Lcapability
Equipment Capability (dB)
Equation 1 - Path Loss
21
4.1.4
Aggregate Ethernet throughput rate v maximum link loss
The equipment capability is given in Table 3. It gives the Ethernet throughput rate vs link loss
for OS-Spectra in both modes. Adaptive modulation will ensure that the highest throughput
that can be achieved instantaneously will be obtained taking account of propagation and
interference. The calculation of Equation 1 needs to be performed to judge whether a
particular link can be installed. When the link has been installed web pages provide
information about the link loss currently measured by the equipment both instantaneously and
averaged. The averaged value will require maximum seasonal fading to be added and then
the radio reliability of the link can be computed.
Aggregate Ethernet Throughput Rate (Mbps) 2
Maximum path budget 3
(dB)
Mode
0-5km
0-40km
0-100km
0-200km
12.98
10.16
7.34
5.07
164.0
25.96
20.33
14.69
10.04
160.7
51.90
40.67
29.37
20.08
153.4
103.80
81.35
58.75
40.15
149.3
186.76
146.36
105.71
72.25
139.1
269.9
211.51
152.76
104.43
130.6
Table 3 - Aggregate Ethernet throughput rate v maximum link loss
The full calculation is relatively complicated and thus Orthogon Systems have supplied a link
estimator that calculates the radio propagation and reliability of NLOS links using the OSSpectra equipment.
Throughput based on 1518 Byte Ethernet Packets on a symmetrical link.
Does not include AMOD link margin of 2 dB or 5 dB depending on channel conditions
22
5
Installation
Orthogon Systems recommends that only qualified personnel undertake the installation of an
OS-Spectra system.
5.1
Preparation
Before proceeding with the installation you should:
5.2
•
Check the contents of all packages against the parts lists shown in the packing list.
•
Ensure that you have the correct tools for the job.
•
Ensure that you are qualified to undertake the work.
•
Ensure that you have taken the correct safety precautions.
•
Have completed the site planning as described in section 4 “Site Planning”.
Installation Procedure
The OS-Spectra installation procedure consists of the following steps:
5.3
•
Mounting the ODUs, section 5.6
•
Connecting up, section 5.6.1
•
Mounting the SPIDUs, section 5.7.9
•
Powering Up, section 5.7.10
•
Aligning the ODUs, section 5.7.11
Tools Required
The following specific tools are required to install the OS-Spectra in addition to general tools:
•
Two 13mm Spanners / Wrenches
•
RJ45 Crimp Tool
•
IBM Compatible Personal Computer (PC) running Windows 98 or later with 10 or
100baseT Ethernet (Ability to change IP settings easily is recommended)
•
Either Internet Explorer version 6 or higher, or Netscape Navigator 7.01 or higher are
recommended.
5.4
•
2 x short Ethernet patch cables
•
6mm general purpose crimp tool for the grounding lug (optional for lightning Protection)
Installation Support
Online installation support and contact details for your regional support can be found at
http://www.orthogonsystems.com/
A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section can be found in section 12.8.
23
5.5
Legal Disclaimer
IN NO EVENT SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJURY TO ANY
PERSONS OR ANY DAMAGE CAUSED DURING THE INSTALLATION OF THE
ORTHOGON SYSTEMS OS-Spectra PRODUCT.
5.6
Mounting the ODUs
The ODU mounting bracket is designed to ease installation by fixing the bracket to a pole and
then bringing the ODU into position using a single bolt fixing. The ODU should be mounted
using the following steps ensuring that the cable entry is at the bottom.
The ODU mounting bracket is design to work with poles with diameters in the range 1”
(25mm) to 3” (75mm). For poles less than 2” in diameter the back of the bracket should be
inverted as shown in the following steps.
The enclosure and mounting brackets of the OS-Spectra product range are capable of
withstanding wind speeds up to 151mph (242kph). The installer should ensure that the
structure the OS-Spectra is fixed to is also capable of withstanding the prevalent wind speeds
and loads. See Section 11 “Wind Loading”.
5.6.1
Pole Mounting (Pole diameter greater than 2” (50mm))
Step 1: Mount the bracket to the pole.
Step 2: Mate the unit to the bracket together
and tighten the nut and bolt.
24
5.6.2
Pole Mounting (Pole diameter less than 2” (50mm))
Step 1: Mount the bracket to the pole.
Step 2: Mate the unit to the bracket together
and tighten the nut and bolt.
5.7
Connecting Up
5.7.1
Preparing The Cables — RJ45 connections
Cables can be purchased from your reseller or distributor in lengths up to 60m. (Note that the
maximum length of the power cable between the SPIDU and ODU is 100m and the maximum
length of the network cable is 100m from the ODU to the Network equipment.) Those wishing
to source their own cables and connectors (see section 1.3.4 “Cables and Connectors”
above) should follow the following instructions along with the cable and connector suppliers
instructions:
Step 1: Assemble gland Step on cable as
shown
25
Step 2: Strip the outer insulation
Step 4: Insert conductors and crimp
Step 3: Arrange conductors as shown in
Figure 8 and cut to length
Figure 7 - Completed ODU connector
Both ends of the ODU cable are terminated in the same way. The above procedure should be
repeated for the SPIDU end of the cable when the cable routing process is complete.
Note: The SPIDU end of the cable does not employ a cable gland.
Figure 8 - RJ45 Pin Connection
26
5.7.2
Making the Connections at the ODU
This initial version of OS-Spectra requires separate power and network connections.
Care must be taken to ensure that the power and network connections are not swapped over
or equipment damage may occur.
Looking at the back of the unit with the cable entry at the bottom. The power connection is the
second hole from the left and the Network connection the first hole on the right.
Power Cable
Network Cable
Figure 9 - Power and Network Connections
5.7.3
Making the Power Connection At The ODU
The following procedure describes how connection is made at the ODU. It is often easier to
carry out this procedure on the ground or a suitable surface prior to mounting the ODU.
Ensure no power is connected to the SPIDU or present on the cable before connecting the
ODU.
27
Step 1: Assemble the cable as described in
Step 2: Insert the RJ45 connector making
5.7.1 above
sure that the locking tab snaps home
Step 3: Screw in the body of the weather
Step 4: Screw on the clamping nut and tighten
proofing gland and tighten
Should it be necessary to disconnect the SPIDU to ODU cable at the ODU this can be
achieved by removing the weather proofing gland and depressing the RJ45 locking tab with a
small screwdriver as shown below:
28
Figure 10 - Disconnecting the ODU
Warning: Ensure that power is removed from the system at the SPIDU to prevent damage to
the ODU whilst making or breaking the connection.
5.7.4
Making the Network Connection At The ODU
The same procedure detailed above for the power connection should be followed the Network
connection.
Care should be taken to ensure that the power and network connections are not swapped as
equipment damage may occur.
Figure 11 - Making the Network Connection
5.7.5
Routing the Cable
After connecting the cable to the ODU it can be routed and secured using standard cable
routing and securing techniques. When the cable is in place it can then be cut to the desired
length at the SPIDU prior to connection to the SPIDU.
29
5.7.6
Fitting A Surge Arrestor
If you have opted to fit a Surge Arrestor, this should be installed by following the
manufacturers instruction. For recommended types see Section 10 “Lightning Protection”
5.7.7
Grounding The Installation
The OS-Spectra Outdoor unit must be properly grounded to protect against power surges. It
is the user’s responsibility to install the equipment in accordance with Section 810 of the
National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 or Section 54 of the Canadian Electrical
Code or the National Electrical Code in the country of installation. These codes describe
correct installation procedures for grounding the outdoor unit, mast, lead-in wire and
discharge unit, size of grounding conductors and connection requirements for grounding
electrodes. It is recommended that installation of the outdoor unit be contracted to a
professional installer. See Section 10 “Lightning Protection” for recommended grounding kits.
5.7.8
Making the Connection At The SPIDU
The ODU is connected to the SPIDU by means of a concealed RJ45 connector. The RJ45
connection has been placed inside the SPIDU removable cover to prevent the user
inadvertently plugging other equipment into the ODU RJ45 socket.
Warning: Plugging other equipment into the ODU RJ45 socket may damage the equipment
due to the non-standard Power-over-Ethernet techniques employed. Plugging the ODU into
other equipment may damage the ODU and/or the other equipment.
Step 1: Remove the cover by squeezing the
Step 2: Plug in the ODU to SPIDU Cable
sides and rotating away from the SPIDU.
ensuring that it snaps home
30
Step 3: Replace the cover ensuring it is firmly latched
5.7.9
Mounting The SPIDU
This step is optional. Orthogon Systems recommends that you mount the SPIDU on a wall or
other suitable mounting surface. This prevents the unit from being knocked or kicked and can
help maintain link availability. Ensure that the reset switch can be accessed when mounting
the unit.
Step 1: Fix the SPIDU to the wall using the lugs provided.
31
Step 2: Make connections as per Section 5.7.8
5.7.10 Powering Up
The OS-Spectra system is supplied as a pair of matched Master/Slave units. The Master unit
to be configured can now be powered up and accessed using the default URL
http://10.10.10.11/; the Slave unit can be accessed using http://10.10.10.10/.
Prior to powering up the OS-Spectra, a computer with web browsing capabilities should be
configured with an IP address of 10.10.10.n and subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 where n is any
value between 1 and 254 but excluding 10 or 11.
If the default address of the unit
10.10.10.10/11 clashes with an address you are already using on your LAN, or you are not
sure, you should set up an isolated LAN. As the LAN connection presented at the SPIDU has
a default configuration as a hub/switch (and auto-sensing MDI/MDIX cross over is employed)
connection can be made directly to the computer using a standard CAT 5 patch cable.
Before physical installation takes place the units to be installed should be set up as described
in the section 6.3.5. This process will give the installer the opportunity to set the units IP
address to one that is in the desired address range and set each unit up with the MAC
address of its peer unit ready to establish a radio link. It is recommended that this procedure
be carried out on the bench before physical installation commences. Providing it is safe to do
so the installer should take the process to the point where a radio link is established before
proceeding to the installation site.
32
5.7.11 Aligning the ODUs
The following is a description of the steps taken to establish a radio link between the two
units forming the bridge and align the units for the best signal strength.
OS-Spectra uses audible tones during installation to assist the installer with alignment. The
installer should adjust the alignment of the ODU in both azimuth and elevation until highest
pitch tone is achieved . The tones and their meanings are as follows:
State Name
Tone
Description
State Description
Pitch Indication (Higher
pitch = higher power)
Band Scan
Regular beep
Executing band scan
N/A
Scanning
Slow broken
tone
Not demodulating the wanted
signal
Rx Power
Synchronised
Fast broken
tone
Demodulating the wanted
signal
Rx Power
Registered
Solid tone
Both Master and Slave units
exchanging Radio layer MAC
management messages
Rx Power
Table 4 - Audio indications from the ODU
The term ‘wanted signal’ refers to that of the peer unit being installed.
In each of the states detailed above the unit should be aligned to give the highest pitch tone.
It should be noted that if, when in the Synchronised or Registered state the tone varies wildly,
you may be suffering from interference or a fast fading link. Installing in this situation may not
give a reliable link. The cause of the problem should be investigated.
For the ease of alignment both Master and Slave units use the install tones in the same way
but with some small behavioral differences. This allows the installer to install the Slave unit
first and carry out the initial alignment with the Master unit if desired. However due to the
Behavioral differences of Master and Slave units it is recommended that the Master unit is
installed first and the initial alignment carried out at the Slave unit.
The following behavior should be noted:
When first started up and from time to time the Master unit will carry out a band scan to
determine which channels are not in use. During this time, between 10 and 15 seconds, the
Master unit will not transmit and as a consequence of this neither will the Slave unit. During
The pitch of the alignment tone is proportional to the power of the 5.8 GHz wireless signals. The
best results are usually achieved by making small incremental movement in angular alignment.
33
this time the installation tone on the master unit will drop back to the band scan state and the
Slave unit will drop back to Scanning state with the pitch of the tone set be the background
noise level. Alignment of the unit should cease during this time.
The master unit can take between 10 seconds in 0-5km mode to 60 seconds in 0-130km
mode to determine the range of the link being installed . The Master unit will remain in the
Scanning state until the range of the link has been established. The Master unit will only
move to the Synchronized state when the range of the link has been established.
If at the end of the ranging period the Registered state is not achieved due to interference or
other reasons, the Master unit will retry twice more on the same channel before moving to
another available channel. Should this occur it might take a number of minutes to establish a
link in the Registered state.
The Slave unit does not have a ranging process. The slave unit will change to the
Synchronized state as soon as the wanted signal is demodulated.
When the alignment process is complete the installer MUST REMEMBER TO DISARM BOTH
UNITS in the link as described in section 6.3.5. This is necessary for the following:
•
Turn off audible alignment aid.
•
Enable Adaptive Modulation
•
Fully enable Dynamic Frequency Selection 6
•
Clear unwanted installation information from the various systems statistics
•
Store the link range for fast link acquisition on link drop
•
Enable Higher Data Rates
If the unit is operating in region 4 (the UK) the mandatory radar avoidance algorithms may affect the
ranging behaviour for the OS-Spectra. The Master has to monitor the initially chosen channel for 60
seconds to make sure it is clear of radar signals before transmitting. If a radar is detected during any
of the installation phases a further compulsory 60 seconds channel scan will take place as the master
unit attempts to locate a new channel that is free of radar interference.
Full Dynamic Frequency Selection is not available in region 4 (the UK).
34
6
Web Page Reference
The web user interface has three main sections. The home page presents to the operator a
high level summary of the OS-Spectra wireless link. The status page presents a more
detailed set of system parameters describing the performance of the wireless link together
with other key system performance metrics. The final section is the system administrator
section. This section is password protected and allows the OS-Spectra administrator to
perform all the day-to-day administrative procedures, e.g. Software Upgrade and perform
configuration changes.
The following subsections give a detailed usage guide for all the web user interfaces.
All the web pages are best viewed using a screen resolution of at least 1024 x 768 pixels on a
PC using Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6 .
The navigation bar on the left hand side of the web page is used to move between the various
management pages. The currently selected page is always highlighted with a dark blue
background. The menu is hierarchical selecting any menu item which has associated
submenu options will automatically display all sub options. An example webpage with the
navigation menu is shown in Figure 12 when the ‘Home’ Link is highlighted as the current
page.
6.1
Home Page
The OS-Spectra home page has been designed to display a high level summary of the status
of the wireless link and associated equipment. The home page (Figure 12) normally displays
four key system attributes:
Wireless Link Status The Wireless Link Status attribute as the name suggests displays the
current status of the OS-Spectra wireless link. A state of ‘Up’ on a green background
indicates that a Point-to-Point link is established. A state of ‘Down’ on a red background
indicates that the wireless link is not established. If the link is down for an unknown reason
the system administrator should first consult the status web page for a more detailed
summary of up to date system diagnostics.
Link Name The link name attribute is a name and/or handle allocated by the system
administrator to aid the identification of the unit, network or building.
The web pages have also been tested with Netscape Navigator version 7, Mozilla 1.6 and Mozilla
Firefox 0.8. Other browsers may function correctly but have not been tested.
35
Figure 12 - OS-Spectra Home Page
Elapsed Time Indicator The elapsed time indicator attribute presents the total time in days,
hours, minutes and seconds since the last system restart. The system can restart for several
reasons, e.g. commanded reboot from the system reboot webpage, or a power cycle of the
equipment.
System Clock If the SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) (see section 6.3.10.5) is enabled
a system clock attribute is displayed giving the date and time of the last page refresh. If SNTP
is disabled then the system clock attribute is not displayed on the home page.
6.1.1
Home Page Alarm Display
The home page is also used to display all outstanding major system alarms. Whenever
system alarms are asserted a yellow warning triangle is displayed on webpage navigation
bar. The warning triangle will be visible from all webpages. Clicking the warning triangle will
cause the webpage to jump back to the system homepage. Figure 13 shows an example
alarm screen.
36
Figure 13 - Alarm Warning Triangle
The following major system alarms are defined:
Install Arm State The Install Arm State alarm is displayed. This alarm warns when a wireless
unit is in installation mode. After installation the wireless unit should be disarmed. This will
increase the wireless links data carrying capacity and stop the installation tone generator. The
wireless link is disarmed from the ‘Installation Wizard’ see section 6.3.5.
Install Status If any errors are detected during the installation process, the unit will
automatically raise an audible alarm. The install status alarm will be raised with an
appropriate reason code, e.g. the alarm will be raised if an incorrect target MAC address is
specified for the peer OS-Spectra wireless unit.
Encryption Is Not Configured On Both Units Encryption must be enabled on both ends of the
Point-to-Point link before the over the air packets can be successfully decrypted. This error
message is generated if encryption is not configured on both units.
Ethernet Link Status If there are any problems with the Ethernet interface this alarm will be
asserted. This alarm will most likely seen if the unit has not got an Ethernet cable plugged
into its Ethernet socket.
Master And Slave Have Incompatible Region Codes The OS-Spectra uses region codes to
comply with local regulatory requirements governing the transmission of wireless signals in
the 5.8 GHz band. Region codes can only be changed by obtaining a new OS-Spectra
37
license key. If this alarm is encountered the appropriate license keys from the country of
operation should be obtained from your distributor. Applying license keys containing the same
region codes to both ends of the link will remove the alarm.
Spectrum Management Channel Warning The alarms warns a user when the intelligent
spectrum management feature can't find a suitable wireless channel. This alarm occurs when
the signal assessment features of the OS-Spectra can’t find a channel to operate on.
6.2
Systems Status Page
The status page has been designed to give the system administrator a detailed view of the
operation of the OS-Spectra system from both the wireless and network perspectives.
The page is subdivided into three main categories Equipment, Wireless and Ethernet/Internet.
The ‘Equipment’ section contains all the unit’s inventory and identification information. The
‘Wireless’ section presents all the key wireless metrics displayed as a series of
measurements and histograms. The ‘Ethernet/Internet’ section describes the unit’s network
identity and connectivity.
The status page can be configured to refresh itself at an operator defined rate (if the user is
logged in a system administrator). The refresh period the page field defaults to is 3600
seconds and can easily be changed to refresh at any period between 2 seconds and 3600
seconds. Pressing the ‘Update Page Refresh Period’ button causes a new page refresh
period to be adopted by the system. The page refresh mechanism uses a HTML Meta refresh
command. Therefore the refresh is always initiated by the local browser and not by the OSSpectra system at this interval.
The two OS-Spectra units are arranged in a master and slave relationship. The units role in
this relationship is displayed in the page title. The master unit will always have the title ‘Master’, and the slave will always have the ‘- Slave’ appended to the ‘Systems Status’ page
title.
38
Figure 14 - Status Page
The following section details all the attributes displayed on the status page :
Link Name The link name is allocated by the system administrator and is used to identify the
equipment on the network. The link name attribute is to a maximum size of 63 ASCII
characters.
Link Location The link location is allocated by the system administrator and can be used as a
generic scratch pad to describe the location of the equipment or any other equipment related
notes. The link location attribute is limited to a maximum size of 63 ASCII characters.
Software Version The attribute describes the version of software installed on the equipment.
The format of the attributes is PPPP-XX-YY where PPPP is the product variant, XX is the
major release version and YY is the minor release version.
Hardware Version The hardware version attribute contains all the combined hardware version
information. The attribute is formatted as DXX.-RYY-AZZ where DXX contain the version of
the digital card, RYY contains the version of the RF (radio frequency) card and AZZ describes
the antenna type.
39
Region Code The region code is used by the system to constrain the wireless to operate
within the 5.8 GHz regulatory regime of the particular country. The region code is encoded in
the product licence key. If the operator wishes to change region code, a new licence key must
be obtained from Orthogon Systems or the local distributor / system integrator.
Elapsed Time Indicator The elapsed time indicator attribute presents the total time in years,
days, hours, minutes and seconds since the last system restart. The system can restart for
several reasons, e.g. commanded reboot from the system reboot webpage, or a power cycle
of the equipment.
Ethernet Link Status Current status of the Ethernet link. A state of ‘Up’ with a green
background indicates that an Ethernet link is established. A state of ‘Down’ with a red
background indicates that the Ethernet link is not established.
Ethernet Speed The negotiated speed of the Ethernet interface specified in Mbps.
Ethernet Duplex The negotiated duplex of the Ethernet interface.
Full Duplex Full Duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both
directions on a signal carrier at the same time. For example, on a local area network with a
technology that has full duplex transmission, one workstation can be sending data on the line
while another workstation is receiving data.
Half Duplex Half Duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both
directions on a signal carrier, but not at the same time. For example, on a local area network
using a technology that has half duplex transmission, one workstation can send data on the
line and then immediately receive data on the line from the same direction in which data was
just transmitted.
MAC Address The Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) address is used to uniquely identify
the equipment on an Ethernet network.
IP Address Internet Protocol (IP) address. This address is used by the family of Internet
protocols to uniquely this identify the unit on a network
Subnet Mask A subnet allows the flow of network traffic between hosts to be segregated
based on a network configuration. By organizing hosts into logical groups, subnetting can
improve network security and performance.
Gateway IP Address The IP address of a computer on the current network that acts as a
gateway. A gateway acts as an entrance / exit to packets from / to other networks.
Wireless Link Status As the attribute name suggests displays the current status of the OSSpectra wireless link. A state of ‘Up’ on a green background indicates that a Point-to-Point
link is established. A state of ‘Down’ on a red background indicates that the wireless link is
not established. If the link is down for an unknown reason the system administrator should
first consult the status webpage for a more detailed summary of the prevailing system
diagnostics.
40
Target Receive Modulation Mode The target modulation mode is used by the wireless
subsystem to control the adaptive modulation algorithm. The mode is used by the OS-Spectra
as an upper limit, the system will not move to a high rate modulation mode even if the signal /
interference environment will support high rate modes.
Remote Transmit Maximum Power The maximum transmit power the remote wireless unit is
permitted to use to sustain a link.
Transmit Power Transmit power histogram is expressed in dBm and presented as: max,
mean, min, and latest. The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment
has been running for less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current
elapsed time.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the diagnostics download page, see section 6.3.11.
Receive Power Receive power histogram is expressed in dBm and presented as: max, mean,
min, and latest. The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment has
been running for less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current elapsed
time.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11.
Vector Error The vector error measurement compares the received signal’s In phase /
Quadrature (IQ) modulation characteristics to an ideal signal to determine the composite error
vector magnitude. The results are stored in a histogram and expressed in dB and presented
as: max, mean, min and latest. The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the
equipment has been running for less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the
current elapsed time. The expected range for Vector Error would be approximately 0dB
(NLOS link operating at sensitivity limit on BPSK ½) to –29dB (short LOS link running 64QAM
7/8).
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11.
41
Link Loss The link loss is the total attenuation of the wireless signal between the two
Point-to-Point units.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11. The
link loss calculation presented below:
Pll = PTx − PRx + 2 ⋅ ( g Tx + g Rx )
Where
Pll
Link Loss (dB)
Transmit
PTx
power
of
the
remote
wireless unit (dBm)
Received signal power at the local
PRx
unit (dBm)
Antenna gain at the remote and local
units respectively (dBi). The antenna
gain of the OS-Spectra (23.5 dBi) is
g Tx , g R x
used unless one or both of the
Gemini units is a Connectorised
version. See Section 11.3 for more
details
Equation 2 - Link Loss
Receive Data Rate The data rate in the receive direction, expressed in Mbps and presented
as: max, mean, min, and latest histogram format.
The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment has been running for
less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current elapsed time.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11.
Transmit Data Rate The data rate in the transmit direction, expressed in Mbps and presented
as: max, mean, min, and latest histogram format.
The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment has been running for
less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current elapsed time.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11.
42
Receive Modulation Mode The modulation mode currently being used on the receive channel.
The number in brackets after the modulation mode and coding rate string is the effective data
rate available to all MAC layer protocols.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11.
Transmit Modulation Mode The modulation mode currently being used on the transmit
channel. The number in brackets after the modulation mode and coding rate string is the
effective data rate available to all MAC layer protocols.
The data used to compute the histogram statistics can be downloaded in an ASCII command
separated variable (CSV) format via the download diagnostics page, see section 6.3.11.
Available Channels The available channels attribute describes the number of usable channels
that have been measured by the Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) algorithm.
Range The range between the peer OS-Spectra units.
Refresh Page Period The Status page refreshes automatically according to the setting
entered here (in seconds).
The OS-Gemini displays range in km by default, if the user would prefer to display range using Miles
the ‘Distance Units’ attribute should be set to imperial, see the “Properties” webpage section 6.3.14
43
6.3
System Administration Pages
The following menu options are available for the system administrator and can be password
protected. Figure 15 shows the system administration login page. By default a system admin
password is not set. Simply click the login button to access the system administration
features.
Once the password has been set using the ‘Change Password’ menu item the system
administration pages will only be available after the user has entered the correct password.
Figure 15 - System Administration Login Page
The features that are only available to the system administrator are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Configuration
Statistics
The Installation Wizard
Software Upgrade
Spectrum Management including DFS
Remote management
Downloadable Diagnostics
Password Management
Licence Key Management
Properties
System Reboot
44
6.3.1
System Configuration Page
The configuration page (Figure 16) is used by the system administrator to configure the OSSpectra unit.
Figure 16 - System Configuration Page
Whilst the majority of the system configuration is entered during installation and should never
require changing, this page offers the system administrator the ability to change the basic
system parameters for both the wireless and Ethernet components.
Link Name User defined identity for the unit (max 63 characters).
Link Location Can be used as a generic scratch pad to describe the location of the equipment
Target Receive Modulation Mode This is the maximum mode the unit will use as its adaptive
modulation. The modulation modes available are:
•
BPSK 1 / 2
•
QPSK 1 / 2
•
QPSK 2 / 3
•
16QAM 1 / 2
•
16QAM 3 / 4
•
64QAM 2 / 3
•
64QAM 3 / 4
•
64QAM 7 / 8
45
By default the Target Receive Modulation Mode is 64QAM 7/8. The value in brackets shows
the maximum unidirectional data for the current modulation / ranging mode combination.
Maximum Transmit Power This specifies the maximum transmit power in dBm of the system,
it is country dependent and although the user can change this it will be limited to that
country’s regulations.
6.3.2
LAN Configuration Page
Blah
IP Address Internet protocol (IP) address. This address is used by the family of Internet
protocols to uniquely identify this unit on a network.
Subnet Mask A subnet allows the flow of network traffic between hosts to be segregated
based on a network configuration. By organizing hosts into logical groups, subnetting can
improve network security and performance.
Gateway IP Address The IP address of a computer / router on the current network that acts
as a gateway. A gateway acts as an entrance / exit to packets from / to other networks.
Ethernet Configuration This enables the Ethernet configuration to be forced rather than auto
negotiated. The configuration should only be forced if you are having problems with auto
negotiation. You must ensure that you configure both this unit and the Ethernet port to which
it is connected identically. If you force a fixed Ethernet Configuration on the OS-Spectra unit
then you MUST also force the same fixed configuration on the equipment to which it is
46
connected. If you fail to force the configuration of the connected equipment, its automatic
configuration mechanisms will normally cause a duplex mismatch, and you will receive greatly
reduced throughput!
Ethernet Auto Mdix This enables/disables the Auto Medium Dependent Interface
(MDI)/Medium Dependent Interface Crossover (MDIX) capability.
Local Packet Filtering When Local Packet Filtering is Enabled, the bridge learns the source
MAC addresses of devices transmitting Ethernet packets on the local Ethernet network, and
only bridges packets to the remote unit if the destination MAC address has not been learnt as
a 'local' device. When Local Packet Filtering is Disabled the bridge does not learn the source
MAC addresses of devices transmitting Ethernet packets on the local Ethernet network, and
bridges ALL Ethernet packets received to the remote unit. Local Packet Filtering should only
be disabled when external routing hardware is present.
All the above attributes are non-volatile, once set they will be used by the unit even after a
power on reboot. A number of attributes, such as IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway IP
Address will require a reboot before they are used. If any of these attributes are changed a
reboot screen appears asking the user to verify the reboot. (see Figure 17)
Figure 17 - Configuration Reboot Page
This will be followed by a pop-up box asking to confirm the action. (see FIGURE ????)
47
Figure 18 - Reset Confirmation Box
Note: At this point you will lose connection to the unit. If you have just changed the IP
Address you now have to reconnect to the unit using the address just set.
6.3.3
Save and Restore
Blah
48
Figure 19 - Save and Restore Configuration Page
Blah
49
Figure 20 - Save File Confirmation Pop-up
Blah
50
Figure 21 - Reset Configuration and Reboot Confirmation Pop-up
Blah
51
6.3.4
Statistics Page
The OS-Spectra statistics page is designed to display some key statistics of the Ethernet
Bridge and the underlying wireless performance.
Figure 22 - Statistics
Wan Good Tx Packets This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has sent for
transmission by the wireless interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of packets
transmitted since the last page refresh.
Wan Dropped Tx Packets This displays the total number of packets that the local unit could
not bridge to the remote unit because either the wireless link was down or because Ethernet
packets are being received faster than they can be transmitted over the wireless link. The
number in (+nn) displays the number of packets dropped since the last page refresh.
52
Wan Good Rx Packets This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has
received from the wireless interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of packets
received since the last page refresh.
Wan Bad Rx Packets This displays the total number of corrupt packets the bridge has
received from the wireless interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of corrupt
packets received since the last page refresh.
Lan Tx Packets This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has sent for
transmission by the local Ethernet interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of
packets transmitted since the last page refresh.
Lan Rx Packets This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has received from
the local Ethernet interface. The number in (+nn) displays the number of packets received
since the last page refresh.
Packets To Internal Stack This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has
transmitted to the internal stack (e.g. ARP requests, PING requests, HTTP requests). The
number in (+nn) displays the number of packets transmitted since the last page refresh.
Packets From Internal Stack.This displays the total number of good packets the bridge has
received from the internal stack (e.g. ARP responses, PING replies, HTTP responses). The
number in (+nn) displays the number of packets received since the last page refresh.
Ethernet Runt Rx Packets Total number of Runt (short) Ethernet packets received from the
local Ethernet interface. On a half-duplex link, these packets are the result of collisions and
are to be expected. If you have forced the Ethernet configuration to full-duplex and are getting
runt packets then you probably have a duplex mismatch (the device you have connected to is
running in half-duplex). The number in (+nn) displays the number of Runt packets received
since the last page refresh.
L2 Source MAC Address Conflicts The number of times a packet received over the wireless
link had the Layer 2 (Ethernet) Source MAC Addresses of a device that had previously been
transmitting on the 'local' Ethernet network. This could indicate the presence of a traffic loop
or of L2 MAC Address spoofing on the network. The number in (+nn) displays the number of
conflicts since the last page refresh.
ARQ Retransmitted Rx Packets Total number of ARQ retransmitted packets that have been
received. The number in (+nn) displays the number of packets received since the last page
refresh
PHY Code Word Error Counter The wireless link uses error correction techniques to enable
reconstruction of packets where there is a certain level of data corruption. This counter
displays the total number of packets that were so badly corrupted that they could not be
reconstructed. The number in (+nn) displays the number of corrupted packets received since
the last page refresh
53
Receive Data Rate The data rate in the receive direction, expressed in Mbps and presented
as: max, mean, min, and latest histogram format.
The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment has been running for
less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current elapsed time.
Transmit Data Rate The data rate in the transmit direction, expressed in Mbps and presented
as: max, mean, min, and latest histogram format.
The histogram is calculated over a one hour period. If the equipment has been running for
less than one hour then the histogram is calculated over the current elapsed time.
Signal Strength Ratio The Signal Strength Ratio, is the ratio of the power received by the
Vertical / Horizontal receivers.
Wireless Link Availability Expresses the link availability as a percentage of time since the first
successful registration after a system restart. Expressed as a percentage to four decimal
places.
Code Word Error Ratio The ratio of detected codeword errors to the total number of
codewords since the last system reboot.
Statistics Page Refresh Period The statistics page refreshes automatically according to the
setting entered here (in seconds).
Reset System Counters By pressing this button all counters in the system are reset to zero.
This not only affects this page for example the Elapsed Time Indicator is also reset.
Reset System Histograms All histograms are reset, and the calculation period is restarted.
6.3.5
Detailed Counters Page
Blah
54
Figure 23 - Detailed Counters Page
Blah
55
6.3.6
Install Pages
These pages are used during system installation. There follows a description of the install
pages along with their use during the installation configuration process. The actual installation
process is described in section 5.7.11 “Aligning the ODUs”.
All wireless links are shipped as paired units. They are pre-configured at the factory so that
they can be installed without the user supplying any configuration. Each wireless link is
shipped with a quick start guide. Attached to the quick start guide is a summary of the preconfigured configuration data. Table 5 shows an example link configuration. The values
highlighted have been committed to the wireless units non-volatile storage.
Example OS-Spectra Configuration Data
For your convenience these two units have been pre-configured as a link
Units:
ODU serial number
ODU serial number
0167800002BE
0167800002BF
Ethernet MAC address
Ethernet MAC address
00:04:56:00:02:BE
00:04:56:00:02:BF
Configured as:
Master
Slave
Target MAC address
Target MAC address
00:04:56:00:02:BF
00:04:56:00:02:BE
Licence Key
Licence Key
A471-FE88-428D-E1F3
534F-4F54-D1B0-E2DA
IP Address
IP Address
10.10.10.11
10.10.10.10
Table 5 - OS-Spectra Factory Configuration Values
The factory default configuration is written to the ‘semi-permanent’ configuration bank.
The factory default configuration is limited in range to 40 Km. If you wish to install a wireless
link with a range of > 40 Km and < 200 Km you must follow the ‘Manually Configuring The
Wireless Units’ in section 6.3.6.1.
The factory default configuration is set to Region 1. Region 1 allows the OS-Spectra a
maximum transmit power of 24 dBm. If the local 5.8 GHz regulatory regime limits the
maximum transmit power (EIRP) to less than 24 dBm you should obtain a new licence key
containing the correct region code from your local distributor or direct from Orthogon
56
Systems. Alternatively in the short term, you should reduce the maximum transmit power by
following the procedures in ‘Manually Configuring The Wireless Units’ in section 6.3.6.1.
6.3.6.1
Manually Configuring The Wireless Units
If the installer / system administrator wishes, they may modify the default installation
configuration. If only the IP addresses are incorrect it is recommended that the values are
changed via the configuration menu (Section
). If any other parameters require modification
then it is recommended that the system administrator use the Installation Wizard.
A detailed description of the Installation Wizard follows:
The OS-Spectra operational software requires a licence key to enable the wireless bridging
capability and programs region code specific parameters in to the unit.
Figure 24 - Licence Key Data Entry
A licence key is programmed into each unit during production and can be found written on the
Configuration Data Summary Label which is attached to the Quick Install Guide. If
subsequently the licence key has been mislaid, replacement keys can be applied for online.
If a valid licence key is not detected in the unit’s non-volatile memory then the user is
prompted to enter a valid key. It should be noted that OS-Spectra units are shipped as link
pairs and as such valid licence keys are entered during the production process. Hence the
user should never see the Software Licence Key screen (Figure 24).
57
To enter a licence key simply type or paste the licence key into the data entry box and click
the ‘validate licence key’ button.
6.3.6.2
Internet Protocol Configuration
Step 1 of the installation wizard requires the installer to enter the Internet Protocol (IP)
configuration.
Figure 25 - Installation Wizard Internet Protocol Configuration.
IP Address Internet protocol (IP) address. This address is used by the family of Internet
protocols to uniquely identify this unit on a network.
Subnet Mask A subnet allows the flow of network traffic between hosts to be segregated
based on a network configuration. By organizing hosts into logical groups, subnetting can
improve network security and performance.
Gateway IP Address The IP address of a computer / router on the current network that acts
as a gateway. A gateway acts as an entrance / exit to packets from / to other networks.
Once complete click the ‘Submit Internet Protocol Configuration’ button or the ‘Next’ link.
58
6.3.6.3
Wireless Configuration
Step 2 of the installation wizard requires the installer to enter the wireless configuration
parameters.
Figure 26 - Installation Wizard Wireless Configuration
Target MAC Address The MAC Address of the peer unit that will be at the other end of the
wireless link. This is used by the system to ensure the unit establishes a wireless link to the
correct peer.
The MAC Address can be found embedded within the serial number of the unit. The last six
characters of the serial number are the last three bytes of the unit’s MAC address.
(Note: The OS-Spectra system is shipped as a pair of units with pre-loaded correct MAC
addresses. MAC addresses will only need to be entered if an existing unit has to be replaced
in the field or the units configuration has been erased).
59
Master Slave Mode At this point it is necessary to decide which end will designated a Master.
The Master unit is the controlling unit with respect to the Point-to-Point link and its
maintenance. The master transmits until the link is made, whilst the Slave listens for its peer
and only transmits when the peer has been identified.
Link Symmetry By default Link Symmetry of a Point-to-Point link is ‘Symmetrical Data Rate
(1:1)’ in this configuration the ratio of time the wireless link spends transmitting and receiving
is equal. When Link Symmetry is configured to Asymmetric Data Rate (2:1) the wireless link
Master will spend twice as long transmitting as receiving. It should be noted that the data rate
available to the end users might not follow these ratios exactly. The exact data rates will be
dependant on the prevailing modulation. If the direction you want to install the link asymmetry
not achievable in the current configuration then the master and slave modes of both OSSpectra units will need to be reversed.
Link Mode Optimisation By default Link Mode Optimisation of a Point-to-Point link is set to ‘IP
Traffic’. In this configuration the wireless minimises packet transmission errors by
automatically adapting the active modulation mode based on instantaneous vector error
measurements and / or the presence of codeword errors.
This mode of operation is
recommended for connection oriented IP traffic protocols where packet loss is perceived by
the protocols as an indication of network congestion. It is recommended that when using this
mode of operation that the ARQ state is set to enabled. The ‘TDM Traffic’ mode of link
optimisation is recommended for E1 / T1 applications and non-connection oriented protocols.
In this mode the wireless link is optimised for minimum transmission latency and preservation
of data throughput by allowing the link to maintain a higher modulation mode in the presence
of a limited number of codeword errors. It is recommended that when operating the link in
TDM mode that both ARQ state is set to disabled and the Spectrum Management controls
are used to fix the wireless link to a single frequency. This can be achieved by using the
installation wizard to configure single frequency operation (system reboot will be required) or
by using the Spectrum Management channel barring (a system reboot will not be required).
ARQ State Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) is a mechanism where packets lost due to
transmission errors over the wireless link are retransmitted rapidly. The retransmission helps
to prevent TCP congestion mechanisms from inadvertently interpreting intermittent pack loss
as network congestion. ARQ must be enabled on both ends of the Point-to-Point link for it to
function.
Max Transmit Power This attribute controls the maximum transmit power the unit is permitted
to use when installing and executing the wireless link. The maximum setting for a particular
region or country is controlled by the Licence Key.
Ranging Mode During installation the wireless units perform automatic ranging. The ranging
mode allows the installer to control the behaviour of the systems automatic ranging
60
9
algorithms. The default value is 0 to 40 km . If the installer is required to install a link of
greater than 40 km then the ranging mode attribute MUST be configured to ‘0 to 100km’ or ‘0
to 200km’ mode depending on the range of the link. Likewise selecting the 0 to 5 km mode for
links under 5 km will give you optimal performance.
Target Range Installers that know the range between the two wireless units to within ± 1 km
can use the target range mode. The main advantage of the target range mode is that it
reduces the time taken by the units to range. To use the target range mode the installer
MUST select Target Range as the ranging mode and enter the approximate range in km in
the Target range data entry field at both ends of the link.
Once the installer is satisfied with the wireless configuration options then the ‘Submit Wireless
Configuration’ button or the ‘Next’ link should be clicked.
If preferred OS-Gemini range functions can be configured to operate in miles, see the Properties
page in section 6.3.14.
61
Spectrum Management Control Is used to configure the OS-Spectra Spectrum Management
features, see section 6.3.8 for more details. i_DFS is the abbreviation for intelligent Dynamic
Frequency Selection, this feature continually monitors the 5.8 GHz spectrum looking for a the
channel with the lowest level of on channel and co-channel interference. Fixed frequency
mode allows the installer to fix the transmit and receive frequencies on the units. The
frequencies may be configured symmetrically or asymmetrically.
Lower Center Frequency The OS-Spectra software allows a user to optionally adjust the
channel center frequencies. The default starting channel center frequency is 5734 MHz. This
value can be adjusted to either 5732, or 5736 MHz. Changing the Lower Center Frequency
attribute causes all channel center frequencies to be offset. It effectively slides the
channelisation up or down 2 MHz.
Warning: The lower center frequency attribute must be configured to the same value for of
both the master and slave. Failure to do so will cause the wireless link to fail reestablishment.
The only way to recover from this situation is to modify the Lower Center Frequency attribute
so that they are identical on both the master and slave unit.
Fixed Transmit Frequency, Fixed Receive Frequency The OS-Spectra software allows a user
to optionally fix transmit and receive frequencies for a wireless link. The settings must be
compatible at each end of the link. Once configured the spectrum management software will
not attempt to move the wireless link to a channel with lower co or adjacent channel
interference. Therefore this mode of operation is only recommended for deployments where
the installer has a good understanding the prevailing 5.8 GHz interference environment.
Figure 27 shows an example fixed frequency configuration. The lower center frequency is set
to its default values and the Fixed Transmit Frequency is set to 5740 MHz and the Fixed
Receive Frequency is set to 5782 MHz. Care must be taken when configuring the Fixed
Transmit and Receive Frequencies to ensure that both frequencies are on the same 6 MHz
channel raster as the Lower Center Frequency. For example both the Fixed Transmit and
Receive Frequencies must be a multiple of 6 MHz from the Lower Center Frequency (5740 =
5734 + 6 MHz) and (5782 = 5734 + 6 MHz × 8).
62
Figure 27 - Fixed Frequency Operation
63
6.3.6.4
Confirm Configuration
Step 3 of the installation wizard allows the installer to review and confirm the installation
information before committing the information to non-volatile memory (Figure 28)
Figure 28 - Installation Wizard Confirm Configuration.
If all the settings are correct and appropriate click the “Confirm Configuration and Reboot
Unit” button. All the attributes are committed to non-volatile memory. Immediately following
the write to non-volatile memory the unit is reset.
Note: If you have changed the Ethernet parameters you must reconnect using the correct
network and address settings.
64
6.3.6.5
Disarm
Step 5 of the installation wizard is the disarm phase.
Figure 29 - Disarm Installation.
Once section 5.7.11 “Aligning the ODUs” is complete pressing the “Disarm Installation Agent”
button completes the installation process
10
and the audible installation tone will be switched
off. If the installer wishes to modify the installation configuration then the ‘Back’ link can be
used to access the installation wizard steps described above.
After disarming the wireless link the use is presented with an optional configuration page see
Figure 30. The screen presents hyper links to the main configuration and spectrum
management pages.
10
The installation process is completed when both ends of the link are ‘disarmed’.
65
Figure 30 - Optional Post Disarm Configuration 1
Figure 31 - Optional Post Disarm Configuration 2
66
6.3.7
Software Upgrade
The OS-Gemini system has two software image banks; one is a fixed image which is stored
in protected non-volatile memory and is not modifiable by the user, the second bank is used
by the system administrator to upgrade the firmware as and when necessary. Figure 32
shows the main software upgrade webpage.
Figure 32 Software Upgrade
The ‘Fixed’ image is only used if disaster recovery is required, i.e. if an upgrade process is
interrupted or the units are reset to their factory defaults.
These pages are used to update a unit’s operational software. The software image to be
uploaded should be downloaded to local storage from the Orthogon Systems website. The
software image is delivered by Orthogon Systems as a compressed zip file. Once the zip file
has been downloaded the user should extract the OS-Spectra Software image, identifiable by
its ‘.dld’ file extension.
The first step (Figure 32) is to use the “Browse” button to locate the software image
previously downloaded to local storage from the Orthogon Systems website. Once the image
is located the user should press the “Upload image to wireless unit” button to start the
software upgrade process.
The software image will now be uploaded to the unit where it will be stored in SDRAM until it
is committed to the unit’s non-volatile memory. This upload should only take a few seconds,
67
once complete the image is verified and validated to ensure that no errors occurred during
transfer and the image is valid to run on the current platform. If there are any problems a
warning screen will appear.
The unit being upgraded will now display information about the build it currently has stored in
the image bank and the one that’s just been uploaded. If the image is not the right one the
user has the option to go back and reload a new image. (See Figure 32)
Figure 33 Software Upgrade Image Check
The user should ensure that the correct image is shown before pressing the “Program
Software Image into Non-Volatile Memory” button. Once this button has been pressed the
image is stored into non-volatile memory, this process can take up to 60 seconds and must
not be interrupted.
If the upgrade process is interrupted during the erasure of the image bank or during the
reprogramming of the image bank the image bank will be left in a corrupt state. If this occurs
the software must be reloaded. All software images that are stored in FLASH memory are
protected via the use of 32-bit CRCs. If the software detects a invalid CRC the image bank is
marked as ‘corrupt’ and the OS-Spectra boot code will boot the fixed software image. If this
occur the user must attempt to reload the correct version of software.
68
Figure 34 Software Upgrade Complete
When the software image has been written to non-volatile memory Figure 34 will be displayed
showing the status of the software upload.
Reboot the unit by clicking the “Reboot Wireless Unit” button. This will reboot the unit within
30 seconds, during this time you will not be able to communicate with the unit. The unit is now
fully functional.
If this screen is not displayed after 60 seconds this could indicate a problem with the memory
update process.
The user should now power cycle the unit to start using the new software image. The unit’s
boot software will automatically determine the health of the newly uploaded software image. If
any problems were encountered the boot code will revert to a protected fixed software image
After the power cycle the user should check that the required software image is loaded and
running by re-entering the Upgrade page where the software bank status will be displayed.
69
6.3.8
Spectrum Management (Non UK)
Spectrum Management Selection (previously referred to by the acronym DFS) is the OSSpectra wireless feature that monitors the available wireless spectrum and directs both ends
of the wireless link to operate on a channel with the minimum level of co and adjacent levels
interference.
6.3.8.1
Wireless Channels
The OS-Spectra wireless operates using a set of predefined overlapping channels. There are
19 predefined channels starting at 5734 MHz and ending at 5842 MHz. Each channel
occupies 11 MHz of wireless spectrum and is offset in center frequency from its neighboring
channel by 6 MHz. It is important to note that adjacent channels on the Spectrum
management display have a 5 MHz overlap to the adjacent channel.
The default channelisation can be modified by varying lower center frequency attribute in the
installation wizard - see Wireless Configuration - Lower Center Frequency.
6.3.8.2
Spectrum Management Measurements
The OS-Spectra wireless units perform four Spectrum Management measurements per TDD
cycle, per channel. The measurements are subdivided into two signal peak measurements
and two mean signal measurements. The peak measurements represent the peak received
signal power with a resolution down to 100 nS. The mean measurement represents the mean
received signal power for the 40 μS measurement period.
The Spectrum Management algorithm collects measurements equally from all channels. This
process is called the Channel Availability Check (hereafter referred to by the acronym CAC).
The CAC uses a round-robin channel select process to collect an equal amount of
measurements from each channel. It is important to note that the CAC measurement process
is not altered by channel barring process. Measurements are still collected for all channels
irrespective of the number of barred channels.
70
6.3.8.3
Measurement Analysis
Spectrum Management uses statistical analysis to process the received peak and mean
measurement. The statistical analysis is based on a fixed, one minute, measurement
quantisation period. Spectrum Management collects data for the specified quantisation period
and only at the end of the period is the statistical analysis performed. The analysis produces
four key metrics for each channel:
•
Peak of Peaks
•
Peak of Means
•
99.9% Percentile of the Means
•
Mean of Means
Peak of Peaks is the largest peak interference measurement encountered during the
quantisation period. This metric is useful for detecting large short duration spikes in the
interference environment.
Peak of Means is the largest mean interference measurement encountered during the
quantisation period. The peak of means is similar to the peak of peaks and is useful for
detecting slightly longer duration spikes in the interference environment.
99.9% Percentile of the Means is the value of mean interference measurement for which
99.9% of all mean measurements fall below during the quantisation period. The 99.9%
percentile metric is useful for detecting short duration repetitive interference that by its very
nature has a minimal effect of the mean of means.
Mean of Means is the arithmetic mean
11
of the measured means during a quantisation period.
The mean of means is a coarse measure of signal interference and gives an indication of the
average interference level measured during the quantisation period. The metric is not very
good and predicting intermittent interference and is included to show the spread between the
mean of means, the 99.9% percentile and the peak of means.
Important Note. Spectrum Management uses the 99.9% percentile as the prime interference
measurement. All subsequent references to interference level refer to this percentile
measurement.
The display of statistical measurement on the spectrum management page always shows a
statistical summary of all channel measurement. The statistical summary is controlled by the
Statistics Window attribute. This attribute defaults to a value of twenty minutes, which means
that the mean and percentile values displayed for each channel are calculated over the 20
11
The arithmetic mean is the true power mean and not the mean of the values expressed in dBm.
71
minute period. All channel decisions are made using the values computed over the statistics
window period.
6.3.8.4
The Spectrum Management Master / Slave Relationship
By default Spectrum Management operates in a master / slave relationship. The master is
assumed to be the link master configured during installation. All Spectrum Management
configuration changes MUST be performed from the master, to enforce this the Spectrum
Management webpage has a different appearance depending if you are viewing the data from
the master or slave.
All configuration changes are applied at the master only. All configuration changes are
messaged from the master to the slave. Any Spectrum Management configuration messages
received at the slave are stored in non-volatile memory. This enables both master and slave
to keep identical copies of Spectrum Management configuration data in their non-volatile
memories. It is therefore possible to swap master and slave roles on an active Point-to-Point
link without modifying Spectrum Management configuration.
72
Figure 35 - Spectrum Management as seen from the Master
Figure 36 - Spectrum Management as seen from the Slave
Figure 35 shows an example Spectrum Management webpage as seen from the master.
Figure 36 shows an example Spectrum Management webpage as seen from the slave. It
should be noted that all the key configuration attributes are not available on the slave
webpage.
6.3.8.5
Spectrum Management Configuration
The following section describes the user modifiable configuration accessible from the
Spectrum Management webpage. It is recommended that the default values are maintained.
If the user believes that the performance of the Spectrum Management algorithm requires
some modifications this should only be done after consulting your distributor or one of the
Orthogon Systems field support engineers.
Refresh Page Period The page refreshes automatically according to the setting entered here
(in seconds).
Hopping Period The Spectrum Management algorithm evaluates the metrics every ‘Hopping
Period’ seconds (180 seconds by default) looking for a channel with lower levels of
73
interference. If a better channel is located then Spectrum Management performs an
automated channel hop. If SNMP and or SMTP alerts are enabled an SNMP TRAP and or an
email alert is sent warning the system administrator of the channel change.
Hopping Margin Spectrum Management uses this margin when making a channel hop
decision. The channel to hop to has to have an interference level 3 dBs (default) better than
the current active channel. Hopping Counter is used to record the number of channel hops.
The number in the “(+ )” brackets indicates the number of channel changes since the last
screen refresh.
Asymmetric Spectrum Management . The default configuration of symmetric constrains link to
operate symmetrically using the same transmit and receive channels. When in symmetric
mode the slave unit will always follow the master. If the master moves to a new channel the
slave will hop to the same channel. When the Point-to-Point link is configured as an
asymmetric link both the master and slave a free to select the best channel from their own set
of local interference metrics. (Default Symmetric).
Statistics Window. Spectrum Management uses statistical analysis to process the received
peak and mean measurement. The statistical analysis is based around a fixed one minute
quantisation period. Spectrum Management collects data for this quantisation period and only
at the end of this is the statistical analysis performed. The Statistics Window attribute allows
the user to concatenate quantisation periods before making the assessment of the prevailing
interference environment. This allows the algorithms to bias away from any channel that has
detected interference during the period of the statistics window and slow the channel hopping
dynamics down. It also has the effect of biasing away from localized impulsive interference
sources. (Default 20 minutes)
Interference Threshold. Spectrum Management uses the interference threshold to perform
instantaneous channel hops. If the measured interference on a channel exceeds the specified
threshold then DFS will instruct wireless immediately search for a better channel. If a better
channel cannot be found then OS-Spectra will continue to use the current active channel.
(Default –85 dBm)
6.3.8.6
Barring Channels
Channels can only be barred / unbarred by the system administrator from the master
Spectrum Management webpage. The barring / unbarring operations are disabled on the
slave webpage. If an attempt to bar / unbar a channel is made at the slave a warning dialog is
generated.
Barring / Unbarring of channels is performed by clicking the appropriate channel on the local
or peer channel spectrum plots on the master webpage. Each bar / unbar attempt will be
74
proceeded by a conformation dialog. It should be noted that the channel bar will take effect
immediately and is not related to the measurement quantisation period.
6.3.8.7
Local and Peer Channel Spectrum Graphics
Spectrum Management presents its computed statistical measurements in a graphical display
on both the master and slave DFS webpage.
Figure 37 - Example Spectrum Management Graphic
The X-axis shows a stylised view of the 19 selectable wireless channels. It is important to
note that adjacent channels on the display have a 5 MHz overlap. The display separates the
display of channels to help the clarity of the resultant display. The axis is labeled using the
channel center frequencies in MHz.
The Y-axis shows the interference power levels from –100 to –40 dBm.
The active channel (channel 1 in Figure 37) is always marked using hatched green and white
lines. The width of the hatching is directly proportional the 11 MHz spectral occupancy of the
channel.
The individual channel metrics are displayed using a coloured bar, an ‘I’ bar and a peak
symbol.
The coloured bar represents the following channel state:
The channel is currently in use hosting the Point-to-Point
wireless link
Green
Active
Orange
Interference
Blue
Available
The channel has an interference level below the interference
threshold and is considered by the Spectrum Management
algorithm suitable for hosting the Point-to-Point link
Barred
The system administrator has barred this channel from use.
Because the low signal levels encountered when a unit is
powered up in a laboratory environment prior to installation
(which makes the grey of the channel bar difficult to see). An
additional red ‘lock’ symbol is used to indicate that a channel
is barred.
Grey
The channel has interference above the interference threshold
75
Table 6 - Spectrum Management (Non UK) change state key
The top of the coloured bar represents the 99.9% percentile metric for specific channel.
The ‘I’ Bar is used to display the mean of means and peak of means metrics. The lower
horizontal bar represents the mean of means and the upper horizontal bar represents the
peak of means. The vertical bar is used as a visual cue to highlight the statistical spread
between the peak and the mean of the statistical distribution.
The peak symbol (the upper small triangle above each channel ‘I’ bar) is used to indicate the
peak of peaks interference measurement.
6.3.8.8
Active Channel History
The active channel history is a timeseries display of the channels used by the OS-Spectra
over the last 25 hours. The active channel history is activated from the main Spectrum
Management page using the ‘Active Channel History’ hyperlink. An example of the active
channel history display is shown in Figure 38. Where there are parallel entries on the display
this signifies that the wireless link occupied this channel during the measurement period. The
measurement periods are one minute form zero to sixty minutes and twenty minutes from 60
minutes to twenty five hours.
Figure 38 - Active Channel History Screen
76
6.3.8.9
Viewing Historic Spectrum Management Metrics
Spectrum Management allows the system administrator to view the results of previous
measurement quantisation periods. Holding down the shift key and clicking the appropriate
channel on the local channel spectrum plots activates this feature. This feature is available on
both the master and slave webpage.
Figure 39 - Spectrum Management Timeseries Plot
Figure 39 shows an example time series plot. A timeseries plot displays the previous 145
measurement quantisation periods. If the OS-Spectra unit has not been running for 145
quantisation periods then only the number of measurement quantisation periods that are
available are displayed.
RED
Peak of Peaks interference measurement
GREEN
Peak of Means interference measurement
BLACK
99.9% percentile of means interference measurement
BLUE
Mean of Means interference measurement
Table 7 - Spectrum Management Timeseries Key
77
6.3.8.10 Spectrum Management Online Help
Because the Spectrum Management displays contain a large amount of data, symbols and
colour references, an online help screen has been provided. This screen is accessible from
both the master and slave webpages.
Figure 40 gives a high level overview of the DFS webpage.
78
Figure 40 - Spectrum Management Help Page
6.3.9
Spectrum Management (Fixed Frequency)
The OS-Spectra software allows a user to optionally fix transmit and receive frequencies for a
wireless link. Once configured the spectrum management software will not attempt to move
the wireless link to channel with lower co and adjacent channel interference. Therefore this
79
mode of operation is only recommended for deployments where the installer has a good
understanding the prevailing 5.8 GHz interference environment. (See Wireless Configuration Fixed Transmit Frequency, Fixed Receive Frequency ). Care must also be taken to ensure
that the frequency allocations at each end of the link are compatible. To help the user when
identifying the mode of operation Spectrum Management uses two visual cues. See Figure
41. The main page title identifies the mode of operation using the ‘- Fixed Frequency Mode’
postfix., and the selected channels are identified by a red capital ‘F’.
Figure 41 - Spectrum Management Fixed Frequency Screen
Channel barring is disabled in fixed frequency mode; it is not required as dynamic channel
hopping is prohibited in this mode.
The only controls available to the master are the Statistics Window
and Interference
Threshold attributes. They will have no effect of the operation of the wireless link and will only
effect the generation of the channel spectrum graphics.
The active channel history menu is removed in this mode of operation as channel hopping is
prohibited.
80
6.3.10 Remote Management Page
The Remote Management page (Figure 42) allows the system administrator to configure the
remote management of the OS-Spectra.
Figure 42 - Remote Management
81
6.3.10.1 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
The industry standard remote management technique is SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol). The OS-Spectra supports version 1 and version 2 of the SNMP
protocol.
6.3.10.2 Supported Management Information Bases (MIBS)
The industry standard remote management technique is SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol). The OS-Spectra supports SNMP version 1 and version 2.
The OS-Spectra SNMP stack currently supports three distinct MIBs:
•
MIB-II, RFC-1213, The OS-Spectra supports the ‘System Group’ and ‘Interfaces Group’.
•
Bridge MIB, RFC-1493, The OS-Spectra supports the ‘dot1dBase Group’ and the
‘dot1dBasePortTable Group’.
•
OS-Gemini proprietary MIB
SNMP TRAPs supported:
•
Cold Start
•
Link Up
•
Link Down
•
DFS Channel Change
•
DFS Impulsive Interference
Orthogon Systems MIB, Proprietary MIB definition
For a copy of the Orthogon Systems proprietary MIB RFC please visit the Orthogon Systems
website.
6.3.10.3 SNMP Configuration
SNMP State The SNMP state attribute controls the creation of the SNMP features. Changing
the SNMP state attribute requires a mandatory reboot of the unit. Only when the SNMP state
is enabled at system start-up will the SNMP processor task be created.
SNMP Enabled Traps The SNMP Enabled Traps attribute controls which SNMP Traps the
unit will send.
SNMP Community String The SNMP community string acts like a password between the
networks SNMP management entity and the distributed SNMP clients (OS-Spectra units).
Only if the community string is configured correctly on all SNMP entities can the flow of
management information take place. By convention the default value is set to ‘public’. When
the community string is changed the system requires a mandatory reboot before the new
string or phrase is adopted.
82
SNMP Trap IP Address Is the address of either the network SNMP manager or Trap receiver.
When asynchronous events (Traps in SNMP terminology) are generated the client unicasts
these to this IP Address. When the address is changed the system requires a mandatory
reboot before the setting is adopted
SNMP Trap Port Number The SNMP Trap Port Number is the port number of either the
networked SNMP manager or Trap receiver. By convention the default value for the port
number is 162. When the port number is changed the system requires a mandatory reboot
before the setting is adopted.
6.3.10.4 SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol)
The SMTP client is an alternative method for the OS-Spectra to alert the outside world when
there are or have been system errors
SMTP Email Alert This attribute controls the activation of the SMTP client.
SMTP Enabled Messages The SMTP Enabled Messages attribute controls which email alerts
the unit will send.
SMTP IP Address The IP address of the networked SMTP server.
SMTP Port Number The SMTP Port Number is the port number used by the networked SMTP
server. By convention the default value for the port number is 25.
SMTP Source Email Address The email address used by the OS-Spectra to log into the
SMTP server with. This must be a valid email address that will be accepted by your SMTP
Server
SMTP Destination Email Address The email address to which the OS-Spectra will send the
alert messages.
6.3.10.5 SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol)
The SNTP client allows the OS-Spectra to obtain accurate date and time updates from a
networked timeserver. The resultant time information is used by the SNMP, webpage and
System Reboot tasks.
SNTP State The SNTP state attribute controls the creation of the SNTP features.
SNTP IP Address The IP address of the networked SNTP server.
SNTP Port Number The port number of the networked SNTP server. By convention the
default value for the port number is 123.
SNTP Poll Interval The period at which the SNTP client polls the server for time correction
updates. Default 1 hour. If for any reason an SNTP poll fails the client will automatically
perform 3 retries before waiting for the user defined poll period.
SNTP Time Zone The SNTP time zone is a fixed offset from GMT that is added to the correct
time to allow the expression of time in all geographic time zones.
83
6.3.11 Diagnostics Download
The diagnostics download page allows the system administrator to download snapshots of
system diagnostics.
Figure 43 - Diagnostics Download
The following diagnostics are available:
•
Vector Error Histogram.
•
Rx Power
•
Rx Gain
•
Tx Power
•
Signal Strength Ratio V/H
•
Link Loss
•
Rx Data Rate
•
Tx Data Rate
All diagnostics are extracted from the associated status and statistics webpage histograms.
They are translated in a CSV file containing at most 3600 entries which equates to one hour’s
worth of diagnostics. Each entry is a one second average of the number of samples the OSSpectra makes in a one second period.
84
6.3.12 Change System Administration Password
This page (Figure 44) is used to change the password for the system administration (The
factory default is blank).
Figure 44 - Password Change
To change the password any combination of alphanumeric characters, up to 31 characters in
length, can be used.
85
6.3.13 Licence Key
The Licence Key data entry page allows the system administrator to update the OS-Spectra
licence key. Figure 24 shows an example licence key data entry page.
Figure 45 - Software Licence Key Data Entry
The user must enter the licence key and click the ‘Validate Licence Key’ button to check that
the key is valid and program it to non-volatile memory.
If a valid licence key is detected then the user will be presented by a system reboot screen,
see Figure 46.
86
Figure 46 - Licence Key Reboot Screen
6.3.14 Properties
The web page properties screen allows the user to configure the webpage interface.
87
Figure 47 - Properties
WEB Properties: Disable Front Page Animated GIF Replaces the homepage animated OSSpectra gif with a OS-Spectra static.
WEB Properties: Disable Front Page Login Allow access to homepage and status page
webpages without forcing a login as the system administrator.
WEB Properties: Disable HTTP NO-CACHE META data Removes the HTTP NO-CACHE
META clause from all dynamically created webpages.
Auto Logout Timer
Configures the time in minutes that the system administrator is
automatically logged out if no webpage activity is detected.
Distance Units Swaps the default metric display of distance in to imperial units. For example
Km into Miles.
6.3.15 Reboot
The reboot page allows the system administrator to perform commanded reboots of the
wireless unit. The reboot page also allows the system administrator to view a list of past
reboot reasons. The ‘reasons for reboot field has been implemented as a drop down selection
box, where the latest reason for reboot is located at the top of the list.
If the SNTP service from the remote management section above is active then the command
reboot commands will be accompanied by the date and time the reboot was requested.
Figure 48 - System Reboot
88
7
Recovery Mode
The OS-Spectra has a special mode of operation that allows the user to recover a unit from
configuration errors or software image corruption.
Recovery mode is entered by depressing the Recovery Switch located on the underside of
the SPIDU while applying mains power, as shown in section 1.3.2 “The OS-Spectra Power
Indoor Unit”. The Recovery Switch should be held in the depressed state for between 10 and
20 seconds after application of mains power.
When in recovery mode the user will be able to access the unit via the Ethernet interface. The
Ethernet interface will have it’s IP address set to 10.10.10.10.
89
8
Fault Finding
If communication has been lost with the unit at the near end of the link then there may be a
hardware fault with the wiring, network or hardware. Go to the hardware section below. If
communication with the far end of the link is lost then go to the radio section below.
8.1
Hardware
If there are problems suspected with the link hardware the following procedure is
recommended.
The following diagram illustrates the main system connections.
Figure 49 - Main System Connections
8.1.1
Power
Check the power LED at each end of the link. If the power lights are illuminated go to the
Ethernet section below. If at either end they are not illuminated then
12
check the Ethernet
LED. If neither are illuminated then there is no voltage on the power wires to the ODU.
1. Check that the mains power is connected and switched on.
2. Check that the lamp illuminates if the ODU connector is disconnected at the SPIDU.
(Remove the SPIDU cover).
a. If it does illuminate then either the ODU is drawing to much current, or the power
wiring to the ODU is short circuit or the PSU is supplying insufficient power. The
likely fault can be determined by removing the jumper (J906), found inside the
removable cover of the SPIDU, and measuring the current taken with an ammeter
placed across the 2 jumper pins. This is normally 10mA without the ODU connected
and 300mA to 1A when the ODU is connected.
b. If it does not illuminate then recheck that power is applied to the SPIDU by
measuring the voltage across +55V and 0V pads inside the removable cover in the
SPIDU. Check that the SPIDU is not short circuit by measuring the impedance
across the Power connector. Is the lamp faulty?
12
The power indicator LED should be continually illuminated.
90
8.1.2
Ethernet
The Ethernet LED is driven from the ODU processor and thus is capable of informing you of
many conditions using different flash sequences. If the Ethernet indicator does not illuminate
at all there are four possible conditions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
There is no power reaching the ODU because of a wiring fault
The ODU is faulty
The SPIDU is faulty
The Ethernet network side is faulty
Look at the following table to check the LED response for power up, disconnect the power
and reapply and note what happens.
Differentiating between 1--3 and 4 can be achieved by removing the power for 1 second.
Watch the Ethernet indicator for 1 minute, if it never flashes then the problem is 1—3. Take
the jumper (J906) out of the SPIDU and check the current taken by the ODU. This should be
300mA to 1A when starting through to running normally.
If the Ethernet indicator flashes to begin with but then stops flashing then ODU is powered
and software loaded but Ethernet connectivity has been lost between the ODU and the users
connected equipment. All Ethernet connections should be rechecked.
Power Indoor Unit LED check chart:
Yellow LED
Ethernet Cable
Connected between
SPIDU and
NIC/Switch/Hub
Mode
Green LED
Yellow LED
No Ethernet Cable
Connected
No Power Applied
Off
Off
Off
Power Applied
On
Will flash once per
second regularly
approximately 16
seconds after power
applied for 10
seconds then will go
out and stay out
Will flash once per
second regularly
approximately 16
seconds after power
applied for 10
seconds then operate
as Ethernet
Link/Activity LED
Valid Ethernet Link
and no traffic
On
N/A
Will be on solid for a
valid link.
Valid Ethernet Link
with traffic
On
N/A
Will be on solid, but
will blink randomly as
traffic passes through
Whilst Reset
Switch Pressed
On
Off
Off
91
Reset Switch
Pressed and
released within 10
seconds during
normal operation
On
Off
Off whilst switch
pressed but returns
to LINK/Activity state
when released. No
reset will take place
Off whilst switch pressed.
Reset Switch
Pressed and held
for > 20 seconds
during normal
operation
One second after release, flashes twice per
second regularly for 10 seconds, then erases
non-volatile configuration data and resets.
The erasure will reset all the unit's
configuration apart from the last known
wireless link configuration, this ensures that
after a reset the wireless link SHOULD reestablish without any user intervention.
On
The IP address will be reset to 10.10.10.10
Off whilst switch pressed.
Reset Switch
Pressed and held
for >40 seconds
from power on
(Reset is pressed
whilst power is
applied)
One second after release, flashes twice per
second regularly for 10 seconds, then erases
non-volatile configuration data & the
downloaded image and resets.
The erasure will reset all the unit's
configuration apart from the last known
wireless link configuration, this ensures that
after a reset the wireless link SHOULD reestablish without any user intervention.
On
The IP address will be reset to 10.10.10.10
and the unit will boot the fixed software image.
92
8.2
Radio
8.2.1
No Activity
If communication over the radio link has been lost and the unit at the other end of the link can
be managed on its local network. The following procedure should be adopted:
If there is no wireless activity then the configuration should be checked. It is essential that the
following items are correct
•
Check that the software at each end of the link is the same version
•
Check that the Target Mac address has not been mis-configured at each end of the link.
•
Check Range
•
Check Tx Power
•
Check License key
•
Check Master Slave
•
Check for Alarm conditions on Home page
•
Check that the link has not been further obscured or the ODU misaligned.
•
Check the DFS page at each end of the link and establish that there is a common quiet
wireless channel to use.
If there are no faults found in the configuration and there is absolutely no wireless signal retry
the installation procedure. If this doesn’t work then the ODU may be faulty.
8.2.2
Some Activity
If there is some activity but the link is unreliable or doesn’t achieve the data rates required
then
•
Check that the interference has not increased using the DFS measurements
•
If a quieter channel is available check that it is not barred
•
Check that the path loss is low enough for the communication rates required
•
Check that the ODU has not become misaligned
93
9
Specifications
9.1
System Specifications
Radio Technology
Specification
RF Band
5.725-5.850GHz
By dynamic frequency control and manual intervention
Channel Selection
Automatic detection on startup and continual adaptation to
avoid interference.
Dynamic Frequency Control
Initial capture 10-15 sec. Out of service on interference 100
ms.
Channel size
27 MHz
Mode
Tx power @ Antenna ports
13
Maximum Power Output
(region dependant) 13
BPSK Mode
24 dBm
QPSK Modes
24 dBm
16QAM Modes
21 dBm
64QAM Modes
19 dBm
256QAM Modes
18 dBm
Transmit Power Control
Loop bandwidth 1 Hz, Range 30dB typical
Manual Power Control
Maximum power can be controlled lower than the power
limits shown above in order to control interference to other
users of the band.
Receiver Noise Figure
Typically 6 dB
As specified by FCC Part 15.247
94
The receive sensitivities and system gains for each mode are as follows:
THIS TABLE IS TO BE CONFIRMED BEFORE PRODUCTION RELEASE
Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Transmit Power
(dBm)
Link Budget (dB)
BPSK (Single)
-93.0
24.0
164.0
QPSK (Single)
-89.7
24.0
160.7
16 QAM (Single)
-84.4
22.0
153.4
16 QAM (Dual)
-80.3
22.0
149.3
64 QAM (Dual)
-73.1
19.0
139.1
256QAM (Dual)
-65.6
18.0
130.6
Table 8 - Receive Sensitivity and System Gains
The values quoted here are static sensitivity measurements. When AMOD is in operation,
margins are applied to the up and down shifts between modes to ensure seamless changes
without loss of data. The margins applied are dynamic and selected dependant on the
prevailing link conditions. Link conditions are continually monitored. When multipath is
detected a 5dB margin is applied to both up and down mode changes. When no multipath is
detected a 2dB margin is applied.
Antenna
Antenna Type
Integrated flat plate antenna
Antenna Gain
23.5 dBi typical
Antenna Beamwidth
8 Degrees
95
Wireless PHY
Max Path Loss
164dB
Duplex Scheme
TDD, Symmetric (1:1)
Range
Over-the-Air Encryption
125 miles (200km) optical Line-of-Sight
6 miles (10km) non-Line-of-Sight
Proprietary scrambling mechanism.
Optional AES – via licence update.
Weather Sensitivity
Sensitivity at higher modes may be reduced
during high winds through trees due to Adaptive
Modulation Threshold changes
Error Correction
FEC and ARQ
Management
Power status
Status Indication
Ethernet Link Status
Data activity
Web server and browser for setup
Installation
Audio tone feedback during installation
Web server for confirmation
Radio Performance and Management
Via web server and browser, SNMP
Alarms
Via configurable email alerts, SNMP
96
Ethernet Bridging
Protocol
IEEE802.1; IEEE802.1p; IEEE802.3 compatible
Interface
10/100/1000BaseT (RJ-45), Supports MDI/MDIX
Auto Crossover
Data Rate 0 – 5 km Mode
BPSK 0.67 (Single)
6.49 Mbps
QPSK 0.67 (Single)
12.98 Mbps
16 QAM 0.67 (Single)
25.95 Mbps
16 QAM 0.67 (Dual)
51.90 Mbps
64 QAM 0.78 (Dual)
93.38 Mbps
256 QAM 0.83 (Dual)
134.95 Mbps
Data Rate 0 – 40 km Mode
Reduces by 21.5%
Data Rate 0 – 130 km Mode
Reduces by 43.4%
Data Rate 0 – 200 km Mode
Reduces by 61.2%
Note: Practical Ethernet rates will depend on network configuration, higher layer
protocols and platforms used.
Physical
Dimensions
Width 14.5” (370mm), Height 14.5” (370mm), Depth 3.75” (95mm)
Weight
12.1 lbs (5.5 Kg) including bracket
Power Supply
Separate power supply unit (included)
Power source
90 – 264 VAC, 50 – 60 Hz
Power consumption
45/50 W mean
97
9.2
9.3
Safety Compliance
Region
Specification
USA
UL 60950
Canada
CSA C22.2 No.60950
International
CB certified & certificate to IEC 60950
EMC Emissions Compliance
Region
Specification
USA
FCC Part 15 Class B
Canada
CSA Std C108.8, 1993 Class B
Europe
Designed to comply with EN55022 CISPR 22
98
9.4
EMC Immunity Compliance
Top-level Specification ETSI 301-489.
Designed to comply with:
Specification
Comment
EN 55082-1 Generic EMC and EMI
requirements for Europe
EN 61000-4-2: 1995 Electro Static
Discharge (ESD), Class 2, 8 kV air, 4 kV
contact discharge
Testing will be carried to ensure immunity to
15kV air and 8kV contact
EN 61000-4-3: 1995 ENV50140: 1993
(radiated immunity) 3 V/m
9.5
EN 61000-4-4: 1995 (Bursts/Transients),
Class 4, 4 kV level (power lines AC & DC)
Signal lines @ 0.5 kV open circuit voltage.
EN 6100045:1995, (Surge Immunity)
Requires screened connection to users
network
EN 61000-4-6: 1996 (Injected RF), power
line, Class 3 @ 10 V/m
Signal lines, Class 3 @ 3 V RMS unmodulated.
Radio Certifications
Region
Specification (Type Approvals)
USA
FCC Part 15.247
99
9.6
Environmental Specifications
Category
Temperature
Specification
ODU: -40°F(-40°C) to 140°F (+60°C)
SPIDU & PSU: 32°F(0°C) to 104oF(+40°C)
Wind Loading
151mph Max (242kph)
Humidity
100% Condensing
Waterproof
IP65 (ODU), IP53 (SPIDU)
UV Exposure
10 year operational life (UL746C test evidence)
100
9.7
System Connections
9.7.1
ODU to SPIDU Connection
SPIDU
Pin 1
ODU
Pin 1
0V to ODU (White/Orange)
Pin 2
0V to ODU (Orange)
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
0V to ODU (White/Green)
+55V/LED to/from ODU (Blue)
+55V/LED to/from ODU (White/Blue)
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 6
0V to ODU (Green)
Pin 6
Pin 7
Pin 8
+55V to ODU – (White/Brown)
+55V to ODU – (Brown)
Pin 7
Pin 8
Figure 50 - ODU to SPIDU Connection Diagram
9.7.2
ODU to Network Connections
ODU Ethernet Connector
Network
PIN 1
Data, pair 1 (White and Orange)
PIN 1
PIN 2
Data, pair 1 (Orange)
PIN 2
PIN 3
Data, pair 2 (Green and White)
PIN 3
PIN 4
Data, pair 3 (Blue)
PIN 4
PIN 5
Data, pair 3 (Blue and White)
PIN 5
PIN 6
Data, pair 2 (Green)
PIN 6
Data, pair 4 (Brown and White)
PIN 7
PIN 8
PIN 7
Data, pair 4 (Brown)
Figure 51- ODU to Network Connection Diagram
101
PIN 8
10
Lightning Protection
10.1
Overview
The idea of lightning protection is to protect structures, equipment and people against
lightning by conducting the lightning current to ground via a separate preferential solid path
and by reducing the electromagnetic field.
The following should be treated as a guide only, the actual degree of lightning protection
required depends on local conditions and weather patterns and applicable local regulations.
Full details of lightning protection methods and requirements can be found in the international
standards IEC 61024-1 and IEC 61312-1, the U.S. National Electric Code ANSI/NFPA No.
70-1984 or section 54 of the Canadian Electric Code.
The installation of the ODU can be classified into two different lightning protection zones.
Zone A — In this zone a direct hit is possible.
Zone B — In this zone a direct hit is not possible, but the unattenuated electromagnetic field
is still present.
The next diagrams (Figure 52 & Figure 53) show this zoning pictorially:
Equipment mounted in Zone A should be capable of carrying the full lightning current.
Mounting of the ODU in Zone A is not recommended. Mounting in Zone A should only be
14
carried out observing the rules governing installations in Zone A . Failure to do so may put
structures, equipment and life at risk.
Equipment mounted in Zone B should be grounded using grounding wire of at least 10 AWG.
This grounding wire should be connected to a grounding rod or the building grounding system
before entry in to building.
The OS-Spectra ODU grounding point can be found on the bottom of the unit. The OSSpectra is supplied with an appropriate grounding lug for attachment to the ODU.
10.2
Detailed Installation
The recommended components for an installation protected for nearby strikes are:
14
•
Grounding Kits — Andrew Type 223158 (www.andrew.com )
•
Screened Cat 5 Cable
•
Line Protection Units — Transtector ALPU-ALVR ( www.transtector.com )
•
Grounding Stake
•
RJ45 screened connectors
Local regulations may also require the fitting of the 10AWG ground wire referred below.
102
•
10 AWG Grounding Cable
Figure 52 - ODU Mounted in Zone B & ODU Mounted in Zone A
Figure 53 - ODU mounted inside Zone B
103
Zone A
Zone B
Earth ODU
Mandatory
Recommended
Screen Cable
Mandatory
Mandatory
Surge Protection Unit at
ODU – Transtector
Mandatory
Recommended
Earth Cable at Building
Entry
Mandatory
Mandatory
Surge Protection Unit at
Mandatory
Building Entry – Transtector
Mandatory
Table 9 - Protection Requirements
104
Diagrammatically showing
typical mast installation
Spectra
Power Connection
Ethernet connection
Transtector
ALPU-ALVR
Transtector to ODU
Ground Connection
Transtector to
Tower Ground
Connection
Andrew Grounding
Assembly to Tower
Screened CAT5 Cable
Andrew Grounding
Assembly to Tower
Connection to Network
Transtector
Transtector to
Ground Connection
ALPU-ALVR
Spectra PIDU
Earthing Stakes
Figure 54 - Diagrammatically Showing Typical Mast Installation
105
Figure 55 - Upper and Lower Grounding Configurations
The Andrew Grounding Kit at the ODU is optional providing a Surge Protection Unit is located
at the ODU and is reliably grounded. However, it may be a regulatory requirement to crossbond the screened CAT-5 at regular intervals up the mast. Refer to local regulatory
requirements for further details.
Surge Protection Units should be mounted at both ends of the external CAT-5 Interface. At
the ODU, the Surge Protection Unit should be mounted within 0.5m of the ODU and must be
grounded to the ODU. For mast installations, the Surge Protection Unit should be mounted at
the same height as the ODU.
A second Surge Protection Unit should be mounted at the building entry point and must be
grounded.
The termination of the CAT-5 Cable into the Surge Protection Unit is illustrated in Figure 56.
The screen from the cable must be terminated into the ground terminal within the unit to
ensure the continuity of the screen. Earth Sleeving should be used to cover the shield ground
connection to prevent internal shorting within the unit.
106
Cable Termination
Twisted Pair Termination
(Note earth sleeve not shown)
Cable Screen Termination
(Note earth sleeve not shown)
Figure 56 - Transtector ALPU-ALVR Connection Illustrations
107
11
Wind Loading
11.1
General
Antennas and electronic equipment mounted on towers or pole mounted on buildings will
subject the mounting structure to lateral forces when there is appreciable wind. Antennas are
normally specified by the amount of force (in pounds) for specific wind strengths.
The magnitude of the force depends on both the wind strength and size of the antenna.
11.2
Calculation of Lateral Force
The OS-Spectra unit with or without the integral antenna is essentially a flat structure and so
the magnitude of the lateral force can be estimated from:
Force (in pounds) = 0.0042 . A . v
Where A is the surface area in square feet and v is the wind speed in miles per hour.
The lateral force produced by a single OS-Spectra Unit at different wind speeds is shown
below:
Item
Lateral Force (Pound) at windspeed
Largest
(mph)
Surface
Area (sq ft)
80
100
120
140
150
Gemini with
integrated antenna
1.36
37
57
82
112
129
Connectorised
Gemini
1.00
27
42
60
82
95
The equivalent table in metric units is:
Item
Largest
Surface Lateral Force (kg) at windspeed (m/s)
Area (sq
m)
30
40
50
60
70
Gemini with
integrated antenna
0.1300
12
22
34
49
66
Connectorised
Gemini
0.0930
16
24
35
48
108
Note : When the connectorised version of OS-Spectra is used with external antennas, the
figures from the antenna manufacturer for lateral force should be included to calculate to total
loading on the mounting structure.
11.3
OS-Spectra Capabilities
The structure and mounting brackets of the OS-Spectra product range is capable of
withstanding wind speeds up to 151mph (242kph). The installer should ensure that the
structure the OS-Spectra is fixed to is also capable of withstanding the prevalent wind speeds
and loads.
11.4
Wind Speed Statistics
Installers are recommended to contact the national meteorological office for the country
concerned to identify the likely wind speeds prevalent at the proposed location. This will
enable the installer to estimate the total wind loading on the support structures.
Examples of the sort of statistics that are available are:
USA - Reported Fastest Single Wind Velocities for Selected U.S. Cities
(Source: National Weather Service)
City, State
Wind Velocity
(mph)
Bismarck, North Dakota
72
Buffalo, New York
91
Chicago, Illinois
87
Hatteras, North Carolina
110
Miami, Florida
132
New York, New York
99
Pensacola, Florida
114
UK Meteorological Office, www.meto.gov.uk
Peak windspeed contour maps can be found as Fig 3a/3b at:
http://www.meto.gov.uk/education/historic/1987.html
109
12
OS-Spectra-C
12.1
Scope
This Chapter details the changes and additional features relevant to the connectorised variant
of the OS-Spectra-C Product, OS 58XXC.
12.2
Product Description
12.2.1 Hardware
The OS-Spectra-C is a variant designed to provide the system integrator and installer with the
ability to provide extra capability to cope with very difficult radio links compared to the OSSpectra Integrated product. The variant allows the use of a variety of externally mounted
antennas, either Flat Plate or Dish, which have higher gains than provided by the integrated
antenna that is normally used.
Figure 57 - OS-Spectra-C Outdoor Unit
110
12.2.2 Antenna Choices
The integrated antenna has a gain of 23dBi. External antennas from the list in Table 10 can
be used with the OS-Spectra-C. These are approved by the FCC for use with the product and
are basically constrained by the following limits:
•
•
12.3
Single Polarisation Flat Plate Antennas – up to 28dBi per antenna
Single/Dual Polarisation Parabolic Dish Antennas – up to 37.7dBi per polarisation or
antenna
Software/Features
The variant operates in the same way as the basic OS-Spectra product and is released
initially with the feature set of the OS-Spectra-C product. The areas where the functionality is
modified are:
12.3.1 Status Page
The link loss calculation presented on the Status Page on the management interface has to
be modified to allow for the increased antenna gains at each end of the link.
The
manufacturing process of the OS-Spectra-C configures the standard hardware of the unit for
use with external antennas. The installer is prompted, as part of the installation process, to
enter the gain of the external antenna(s) and cable losses at each end of the link.
Peer-2-Peer messaging is used to pass the effective antenna gain to each end of the link so
that the link loss calculations can be correctly computed.
Figure 58 - OS-Spectra-C Status Page
111
12.3.2 Configuration Pages
The amended Configuration Web page is shown below as Figure 59.
Figure 59 - OS-Spectra-C ‘System Configuration’ Page
112
12.3.3 Installation Pages
The installer is prompted to enter the Antenna Gain and Cable Loss (OS-Spectra-C to
antenna) at each end of the link. The Installation Page(s) is shown as Figure 60-Figure 62.
Figure 60 - OS-Spectra-C ‘Installation Wizard’ Page
Antenna Gain Gain of the antenna you are connecting to the unit, see Table 12 - Allowed
Antennas for Deployment in USA/Canada.
Cable Loss Loss in the cable between the ODU and the antenna. Note: In the event that there
is a significant difference in length of the antenna cables for the two antenna ports, then the
average value should be entered.
Spectrum Management Control Is used to configure the OS-Spectra Spectrum Management
features, see section 6.3.8 for more details. i_DFS is the abbreviation for intelligent Dynamic
Frequency Selection, this feature continually monitors the 5.8 GHz spectrum looking for a the
channel with the lowest level of on channel and co-channel interference. Fixed frequency
mode allows the installer to fix the transmit and receive frequencies on the units. The
frequencies may be configured symmetrically or asymmetrically.
113
Figure 61 - OS-Spectra-C ‘Confirm Installation’ Page
114
Figure 62 - OS-Spectra-C ‘Disarm Installation’ Page
12.4
Deployment Considerations
The majority of radio links can be successfully deployed with the OS-Spectra product. It
should only be necessary to use external antennas where the Link Budget Calculator
indicates marginal performance for a specific link. Examples of this would be where the link is
heavily obscured by dense woodland on an NLOS link or extremely long LOS links (>80km)
over water.
The external antennas can be either dual-polarisation (as the integrated antenna) or two
single polarised antennas can be used in a spatially diverse configuration. It is expected that
the dual-polarisation antennas would normally be used to simplify the installation process;
spatially diverse antennas may provide additional fade margin on very long LOS links where
there is evidence of correlation of the fading characteristics on Vertical and Horizontal
polarisations.
Dual polarisation antennas (with a gain greater than the integrated antenna) are currently only
available in parabolic dish form.
115
12.5
Link Budget
This is increased by the additional gain of the external antenna(s) less the cable losses.
Static Link Budget (dB)
Threshold
(dBm)
Integrated
Antenna
28dBi Flat
Plate
4ft
Parabolic
Dish
6ft
Parabolic
Dish
BPSK (Single)
-93.0
164.0
170.6
183.4
190.0
QPSK (Single)
-89.7
160.7
167.3
180.1
186.7
16 QAM (Single)
-84.4
153.4
160.0
172.8
179.4
16 QAM (Dual)
-80.3
149.3
155.9
168.7
175.3
64 QAM (Dual)
-73.1
139.1
145.7
158.5
165.1
256 QAM (Dual)
-65.6
130.6
137.2
150.0
156.6
Mode
Note: Gains are 23.5/28/34.4/37.7dBi and Cable Loss is 1.2dB for the External Antennas
Table 10 - Static Link Budget for Various Antenna Options
12.6
Regulatory Issues
In countries where FCC regulations are not relevant, installations should conform to any
applicable local regulations for the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP).
Products deployed in North America or where FCC Part 15 regulations are used for
unlicensed radio equipments, the sections 12.6.1and 12.6.2 apply.
12.6.1 Antenna Choice
The antennas allowed to be deployed with the OS-Spectra-C are shown inTable 12.
116
12.6.2 Cable Losses
The FCC approval for the product is based on tests with a cable loss between the units of
approximately 1.2dB at 5.8GHz. The use of lower cable losses would result in the installation
being outside the FCC rules.
As an indication, 1.2dB of cable loss corresponds to the following cable lengths excluding
connector losses (source: Times Microwave).
Length for 1.2dB Cable Loss at 5.8GHz
Cable
(ft)
(m)
LMR100
1.9
0.6
LMR200
4.6
1.4
LMR300
7.25
2.2
LMR400
11.1
3.4
Table 11 - Cable Losses per Length
117
12.7
Antennas for USA / Canada
Manufacturer
Andrew
Andrew
Gabriel
Gabriel
MTI
MTI
MTI
MTI
RFS
RFS
Telectronics
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RadioWaves
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
StellaDoradus
Antenna Type
Andrew 1-foot Flat Panel, FPA5250D12-N (23.6dBi)
Andrew 2-foot Flat Panel, FPA5250D24-N (28dBi)
Gabriel 1-foot Flat Panel, DFPD1-52 (23.5dBi)
Gabriel 2-foot Flat Panel, DFPD2-52 (28dBi)
MTI 17 inch Diamond Flat Panel, MT-485009 (23dBi)
MTI 15 inch Dual-Pol Flat Panel, MT-485025/NVH (23dBi)
MTI 2 ft Directional Flat Panel, MT-20004 (28dBi)
MTI 2 ft Flat Panel, MT-486001 (28dBi)
RFS 1-foot Flat Panel, MA0528-23AN (23dBi)
RFS 2-foot Flat Panel, MA0528-28AN (28dBi)
Teletronics 2-foot Flat Plate Antenna, ANT-P5828 (28dBi)
Andrew 2-foot Parabolic, P2F-52 (29.4dBi)
Andrew 2-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, PX2F-52 (29.4dBi)
Andrew 3-foot Parabolic, P3F-52 (33.4dBi)
Andrew 3-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, PX3F-52 (33.4dBi)
Andrew 4-foot Parabolic, P4F-52 (34.9dBi)
Andrew 4-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, PX4F-52 (34.9dBi)
Andrew 6-foot Parabolic, P6F-52 (37.6dBi)
Andrew 6-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, PX6F-52 (37.6dBi)
Gabriel 2-foot High Performance QuickFire Parabolic, HQF2-52-N
Gabriel 4-foot High Performance QuickFire Parabolic, HQF4-52-N
Gabriel 6-foot High Performance QuickFire Parabolic, HQF6-52-N
Gabriel 2-foot High Performance Dual QuickFire Parabolic, HQFD2-52-N
Gabriel 4-foot High Performance Dual QuickFire Parabolic, HQFD4-52-N
Gabriel 6-foot High Performance Dual QuickFire Parabolic, HQFD6-52-N
Gabriel 2-foot Standard QuickFire Parabolic, QF2-52-N
Gabriel 2-foot Standard QuickFire Parabolic, QF2-52-N-RK
Gabriel 2.5-foot Standard QuickFire Parabolic, QF2.5-52-N
Gabriel 4-foot Standard QuickFire Parabolic, QF4-52-N
Gabriel 4-foot Standard QuickFire Parabolic, QF4-52-N-RK
Gabriel 6-foot Standard QuickFire Parabolic, QF6-52-N
Gabriel 2-foot Standard Dual QuickFire Parabolic, QFD2-52-N
Gabriel 2.5-foot Standard Dual QuickFire Parabolic, QFD2.5-52-N
Gabriel 2-foot Standard Dual QuickFire Parabolic, QFD2-52-N-RK
Gabriel 4-foot Standard Dual QuickFire Parabolic, QFD4-52-N
Gabriel 4-foot Standard Dual QuickFire Parabolic, QFD4-52-N-RK
Gabriel 6-foot Standard Dual QuickFire Parabolic, QFD6-52-N
Radio Waves 2-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, SPD2-5.2 (28.1dBi)
Radio Waves 2-foot Parabolic, SP2-5.2 (29.0dBi)
Radio Waves 3-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, SPD3-5.2 (31.1dBi)
Radio Waves 3-foot Parabolic, SP3-5.2 (31.4dBi)
Radio Waves 4-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, SPD4-5.2 (34.4dBi)
Radio Waves 4-foot Parabolic, SP4-5.2 (34.8dBi)
Radio Waves 6-foot Dual-Pol Parabolic, SPD6-5.2 (37.5dBi)
Radio Waves 6-foot Parabolic, SP6-5.2 (37.7dBi)
Radio Waves 2-foot Parabolic, SP2-2/5 (28.3dBi)
Radio Waves 3-foot Parabolic, SP3-2/5 (31.4dBi)
Radio Waves 4-foot Parabolic, SP4-2/5 (34.6dBi)
Radio Waves 6-foot Parabolic, SP6-2/5 (37.7dBi)
RFS 2-foot Parabolic, SPF2-52AN or SPFX2-52AN (27.9dBi)
RFS 3-foot Parabolic, SPF3-52AN or SPFX3-52AN(31.4dBi)
RFS 4-foot Parabolic, SPF4-52AN or SPFX4-52AN(33.9dBi)
RFS 6-foot Parabolic, SPF6-52AN or SPFX6-52AN (37.4dBi)
RFS 2-foot HP Parabolic, SDF2-52AN or SDFX2-52AN (31.4dBi)
RFS 4-foot HP Parabolic, SDF4-52AN or SDFX4-52AN (33.9dBi)
RFS 6-foot HP Parabolic, SDF6-52AN or SDFX6-52AN (37.4dBi)
StellaDoradus 45 inch Parabolic Antenna, 58PSD113
Gain (dBi)
23.6
28
23.5
28
23
23
28
28
23
28
28
29.4
29.4
33.4
33.4
34.9
34.9
37.6
37.6
28.2
34.4
37.4
28.1
34.3
37.3
28.5
28.5
31.2
34.8
34.8
37.7
28.4
31.1
28.4
34.7
34.7
37.7
28.1
29
31.1
31.4
34.4
34.8
37.5
37.7
28.3
31.4
34.6
37.7
27.9
31.4
33.9
37.4
31.4
33.9
37.4
33.8
Flat Plate Parabolic Dish
Table 12 - Allowed Antennas for Deployment in USA/Canada
118
12.8
Installation
The section covers the generic installation instructions for OS-Spectra-C. The actual
installation procedure will depend on antenna choice, cable choice, required antenna
separation etc.
12.8.1 Antenna Choice
Table 11 shows a wide variety of antennas that can be used with the OS-Spectra-C product.
The main selection criteria will be the required antenna gain. The secondary criteria should be
the ease of mounting and alignment. For example the Radio Waves Parabolic dishes are
supplied with a mount that allows adjustment for alignment independent of the actual antenna
mounting. This type of antenna is much easier to align than those that have to be rotated
around the mounting pole for alignment.
12.8.2 Cables and Connectors
Cables should be selected using the above criteria. However is should be noted that a cable
of a type similar to LMR400 is a lot more difficult to handle and route than a cable of a type
similar to LMR100.
Orthogon Systems recommends the use of weatherproof connectors. Preferable ones that
come supplied with adhesive lined heat shrink sleeve that is fitted over the cable/connector
interface.
The connectors required at the OS-Spectra-C end of the antenna cables are N-Type Male.
The connectors required at the antenna end of the antenna cables is dependant on the
antenna type chosen.
12.8.3 Tools
The tools required for mounting a OS-Spectra-C unit are the same as those required for a
Spectra-I unit detailed in section 5.3 “Tools Required”. The tools required for mounting the
antennas are specific to the antenna chosen. The installer should refer to the antenna
manufacturers instructions.
12.8.4 Miscellaneous supplies
The following miscellaneous supplies will be required:
• Cable ties, cable cleats – for securing cables
• Self amalgamating tape – to weatherproof the RF connectors
• PVC tape – for additional protection of the RF connectors and securing cables
119
12.8.5 Mounting
12.8.5.1 OS-Spectra-C unit
A OS-Spectra-C unit is supplied with the same bracket as supplied with a Spectra-I unit.
Details on the use of this bracket can be found in section 1.3.6 “Mounting Brackets”. The OSSpectra unit should be mounted in a position that gives it maximum protection from the
elements but still allows easy access for making off the various connections and applying the
recommended weatherproofing.
When using dual polar antennas the OS-Spectra-C unit should be mounted in such a position
as to minimize the cable length keeping losses to a minimum (taking into account the
minimum cable lengths required by the FCC regulations, see section 12.7 ”Antennas for USA
/ Canada”).
When using separate antennas the OS-Spectra-C unit should be mounted in such a position
as to minimize both cable runs between the OS-Spectra-C unit and the antennas. It is not
necessary to mount the OS-Spectra-C unit at the mid point between the antennas.
12.8.5.2 Antennas
The Antennas should be mounted according to the manufacturers instructions. Actual
antenna position will depend on the available mounting positions and link requirements. It
may be necessary to mount the antennas 20m apart or at a certain distance from the ground
to get the desired results.
12.8.6 Alignment Process
When aligning antennas deployed with a OS-Spectra-C unit it may not be possible to hear the
alignment tone emanating from the OS-Spectra-C unit. In this case it may be necessary for a
second installer to assist in the operation. Alternately it may be possible to extend the tube on
the supplied stethoscope to give a longer reach.
Tip Fine antenna alignment can sometimes be achieved by tightening and loosening the bolts
on either side of the antenna mounting bracket, rather than trying to turn the whole bracket on
the mounting pole.
12.8.6.1 Dual Polar Antennas
The process for aligning a dual polar antenna is the same as aligning a Spectra-I unit with an
integrated antenna. This procedure is detailed in section 5.7.11 ”Aligning the ODUs”.
120
12.8.6.2 Separate Antennas
When using separate antennas to achieve special diversity it is recommended that one be
mounted with Horizontal polarisation and the other with Vertical polarization.
The following steps should be followed:
Step 1:
Mount the Antennas
Step 2:
Mount the OS-Spectra-C unit
Step 3:
Route and make off the ends of the Antenna cables
Step 4:
Connect the antenna cables at the antennas
Step 5:
Connect one of the antenna cables at the OS-Spectra-C unit
Step 6:
Connect the OS-Spectra-C ODU to SPIDU cable and configure the unit as
described in section 5.6.1 Connecting up”.
Step 7:
Align the connected antenna using the tones as described in section 5.7.11
“Aligning the ODUs”.
Step 8:
Connect the other antenna to the OS-Spectra-C unit.
Step 9:
Disconnect the cable to the already aligned antenna.
Step 10:
Align the second antenna using the tones as described in section 5.7.11 “Aligning
the ODUs”.
Step 11:
Re-connect the second antenna to the OS-Spectra-C (Note: you will notice the
tone pitch increase as you re-connect the second antenna due to the additional
received signal).
Step 12:
Use the relevant status web pages to check that you are getting the results you
expect from your link planning.
Step 13:
Complete the installation as detailed below.
12.8.7 Completing the Installation
The installation should be completed by checking all mounting nuts bolts and screws,
securing all cables and weatherproofing the installation.
Warning Finally tightening of the antenna mountings may cause the antenna alignment to be
altered due to distortion in the mounting bracket caused by tightening. It is recommended that
the installation tone be left turned on (armed) during this process so that any movement can
be noticed and counter acted by tightening the other side of the bracket.
12.8.7.1 Antenna Cable Fixing
Cables should be secured in place using cable ties, cleats or PVC tape. Care should be
taken to ensure that no undue strain is placed on the connectors on both the OS-Spectra-C
unit and the Antennas and also to ensure that the cables do not flap in the wind. Cables
flapping in the wind are prone to damage and induce unwanted vibrations in the mast to
which the units are attached.
121
12.8.7.2 Antenna Connection Weatherproofing
Where a cable connects to an antenna or unit from above, a drip loop should be left to ensure
that water is not constantly channeled towards the connector.
Antenna
Drip loop
Figure 63 - Forming a Drip Loop
All joints should be weatherproofed using self-amalgamating tape. It is recommended that a
layer of PVC tape be placed over the self-amalgamating tape to protect the joint while the
self-amalgamating tape cures and give additional protection. Figure 64 shows this
diagrammatically for the OS-Spectra unit end of the antenna cables. If the antennas
manufacturer has not supplied guidance on this matter the same technique should be
employed at the antenna end of the antenna cables.
Ensure that contact is made between the
sealing tape and the barrel of the
connector
Weatherproof N Connector
Self-Amalgamating Tape
PVC Tape
Tape beyond the end of the connector
and any heat shrink material employed
terminating the cable
Figure 64 - Weatherproofing the Antenna Connections
122
13
FAQs
Can I source and use my own PoE adaptor with the OS-Spectra? No. The OS-Spectra
uses a non-standard PoE configuration. Failure to use the Orthogon Systems supplied Power
Indoor Unit could result in equipment damage and will invalidate the safety certification and
may cause a safety hazard.
Who are Orthogon Systems? Orthogon Systems are a specialist wireless manufacturer with
a high quality engineering team that is developing advanced radio solutions that allows high
capacity building-to-building bridges to be established even in deep non-Line-of-Sight
conditions.
Why have Orthogon Systems launched the OS-Spectra? OS-Spectra is the first product in
this band to feature Multi-beam Space Time Coding. The OS-Spectra allows wireless
connections of up to 200km (125 miles) in near Line-of-Sight conditions and up to 10km (6
miles) in deep non-Line-of-Sight conditions.
What is Multi-beam Space-Time-Coding? The OS-Spectra radiates multiple beams from
the antenna - the effect of which is to significantly protect against fading and to radically
increase the probability that the receiver will decode a usable signal. When the effects of
Space-Time-Coding are combined with those of OFDM techniques and a best in class link
budget, there is a significant improvement to the probability of a robust connection over a
non-Line-of-Sight path.
What do you mean by “non-Line-of-Sight”? A wireless connection between 2 points
without optical Line-of-Sight. i.e. with obstructions in between the antennas but the
transmitted signal is still able to reach the receiver and produce a good quality link.
What else is special about the OS-Spectra ? There are many special features built-in to the
hardware of the OS-Spectra. The product offers the highest system gain in its class through
high sensitivity antennae for improved signal recovery. It also features a Software Defined
Radio system that operates on ultra fast digital signal processors but is controlled by firmware
giving the ability to download new firmware when enhancements become available. The OSSpectra has a built-in web server for advanced management capabilities including detailed
radio signal diagnosis.
In which frequency band does the OS-Spectra operate? The Orthogon Systems OSSpectra operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 5.725 - 5.850GHz. This means no license is
required to operate the OS-Spectra.
Why does the OS-Spectra operate in the 5.8GHz ISM band? The 5.8GHz band offers the
dual benefits of high data throughput and good radio propagation characteristics. The wide
123
band of spectrum available is subdivided into several channels such that multiple systems
can operate in the vicinity without causing interference to one another.
Is the OS-Spectra an 802.11a device? No, although similar, the OS-Spectra uses different
encoding and radio transmission systems than 802.11a. In areas where 802.11a systems are
operating, the OS-Spectra will detect the 802.11a radio signals and choose a clean channel
away from any interference.
How much power does the OS-Spectra transmit? At all times the OS-Spectra operates
within country / region specific regulations for radio power emissions. In addition, the OSSpectra uses a technique known as Transmit Power Control (TPC) to ensure that it only
transmits sufficient radio power such that the other antenna can receive a high quality signal.
How does the OS-Spectra avoid interference from other devices nearby? At initialisation, the
OS-Spectra monitors the available frequency channels to find a channel that is clean from
interference. In operation OS-Spectra continuously monitors the spectrum to ensure it is
operating on the cleanest channel.
How does the OS-Spectra integrate into my data network? The OS-Spectra acts as a
transparent bridge between two segments of your network. In this sense, it can be treated like
a virtual wired connection between the two buildings. The OS-Spectra forwards 802.3
Ethernet packets destined for the other part of the network and filters packets it does not
need to forward. The system is transparent to higher-level management systems such as
VLANs and Spanning Tree.
How does the OS-Spectra provide security for data traffic? The OS-Spectra has a range
of security features. At installation time each link must be programmed with the serial ID of its
partner. The two ends of the link will only communicate with one another, eliminating any
chance of "man in the middle" attacks. Over the air security is achieved through a proprietary
scrambling mechanism that cannot be disabled, spoofed or snooped by commercial tools. If
further security is required the user is now able to optionally augment the existing high
security by encoding the air interface using AES.
How is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) enabled? The AES facility is enabled by
the user obtaining a licence key from Orthogon Systems. Entering the key will turn on the
AES option from which the user will be able to turn on AES. The default setting for AES is off.
How do I manage the OS-Spectra? The OS-Spectra has a built-in web server. At installation,
the unit is configured with an IP address so that the web server can then be accessed from
any browser equipped terminal. For security, access can be password protected, meaning
only the network administrator can access the web based management tools. SNMP V1/V2 is
also available and the unit can be configured to send traps or email notifications via SMTP.
124
Can I use Apple Macintosh OS X to control and monitor my OS-Spectra? Yes, but there
are some restrictions. Mozilla 1.6 is recommended. There are some issues with Internet
Explorer 5.2(IE) and Safari, which could mislead the user.
How will my investment be protected as new features are developed? Future
enhancements can be downloaded to the unit, meaning advances in technology or changes
in regulations can quickly be applied to the system without any further hardware investment.
125
14
Glossary
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard
NLOS
non-Line-of-Sight
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
ODU
Outdoor Unit
ARQ
Automatic Repeat reQuest
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division
BPSK
Binary Phase Shift Keying
DC
Direct Current
PC
IBM Compatible Personal Computer
DFS
Dynamic Frequency Selection
SPIDU
Power Indoor Unit
ETSI
European Telecommunications
PING
Packet INternet Groper
Standards Institute
POE
Power over Ethernet
FAQ
Frequently Asked Question
PSU
Power Supply Unit
GPS
Global Positioning System
PTP
Point-to-Point
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
ID
Identity
RAM
Random Access Memory
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers
STC
IP
Internet Protocol
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair
IQ
In phase / Quadrature
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
ISM
Industrial Scientific and Medical
TPC
Transmit Power Control
ITU
International Telecommunications
Union
URL
Universal Resource Location
LAN
Local Area Network
USA
United States of America
MAC
Medium Access Control Layer
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair
MDI
Medium Dependent Interface
UV
Ultraviolet
MDIX
Medium Dependent Interface
Crossover
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
Multiplex
126
Space Time Coding
15
Index
About This Guide ......................................7
Disable HTTP NO-CACHE META data ..89
Active Channel History ...........................77
Disarm ....................................................65
Aligning the ODUs ..................................33
Disclaimer .................................................2
Antenna Gain........................................115
Distance..................................................18
ARQ Retransmitted Rx Packets .............53
Distance Units.........................................89
Elapsed Time Indicator.....................36, 40
46, 60
Auto logout Timer ...................................89
Electrical Requirements..........................19
Available Channel...................................43
Encryption Is Not Configured On Both Units 37
Barring Channels ....................................74
Environmental Specification .................101
Cable Loss............................................115
Ethernet Auto Mdix .................................47
47
Cables and Connectors ..........................13
Change System Administration Password86
Ethernet Configuration............................46
Channel Spectrum Graphics ..................76
Ethernet Duplex ......................................40
Code Word Error Ratio ...........................54
Ethernet Link Status .........................37, 40
Compliance................................ 1, 99, 100
Ethernet Runt Rx Packets ......................53
Configuration and Management .............14
Ethernet Speed.......................................40
Configuring The Wireless Units ..............57
FAQs.....................................................125
Confirm Configuration.............................64
Fault Finding ...........................................91
Connecting The ODU .......................27, 29
Fitting A Surge Arrestor ..........................30
Connecting The PIDU.............................30
Fixed Receive Frequency.................62, 81
Connecting Up ........................................25
Fixed Transmit Frequency................62, 81
Contact Information ..................................8
Frequency Planning................................18
Copyright Information ...............................1
Full Duplex..............................................40
Detailed Installation ..............................103
Gateway IP Address...................40, 46, 58
Disable Front Page Animated GIF..........89
General Considerations..........................18
Disable Front Page Login .......................89
Getting Started..........................................7
127
Master and Slave have Incompatible Region
Codes..................................................37
Glossary................................................128
Grounding The Installation .....................30
Master Slave Mode.................................60
Half Duplex .............................................40
Max Transmit Power...............................60
Hardware Version ...................................39
Maximum Transmit Power......................46
Historic Spectrum Management Metrics.78
Measurement Analysis ...........................71
Home Page.............................................35
Mounting Brackets..................................14
Install Arm State .....................................37
Mounting the ODUs ................................24
Install Pages ...........................................56
Mounting The PIDU ................................31
Install Status ...........................................37
Networking Information...........................18
Installation...............................................23
ODU Site Selection.................................20
Installation Procedure .............................23
ODU to PIDU Connection.....................102
Installation Support .................................23
OS-Spectra-C .......................................112
Internet Protocol Configuration...............58
Outdoor Unit (ODU)................................10
IP Address ................................. 40, 46, 58
Overview...............................................103
L2 Source MAC Address Conflicts .........53
Packets From Internal Stack ..................53
Lan Rx Packets.......................................53
Packets To Internal Stack.......................53
Lan Tx Packets .......................................53
Path Loss Considerations.......................21
Legal Disclaimer .....................................24
PHY Code Word Error Counter ..............53
Lightning Protection ....................... 18, 103
PIDU Mains Power .................................12
Link Location.....................................39, 45
PIDU Site Selection ................................20
Link Loss.................................................42
Pole Mounting...................................24, 25
45, 60
Power Indoor Unit (PIDU).......................11
Link Name.................................. 35, 39, 45
Powering Up ...........................................32
45, 60
Preparation .............................................23
Local Packet Filtering .............................47
Preparing The RJ45 ...............................25
Lower Center Frequency ..................62, 70
Product Architecture ...............................16
MAC Address..........................................40
Product Description ..................................9
128
Radio Certifications...............................100
SNMP MIBs ............................................83
Range .....................................................43
SNMP State ......................................83, 84
Ranging Mode ........................................60
SNMP Trap IP Address ..........................84
Receive Data Rate............................42, 54
SNMP Trap Port Number .......................84
Receive Modulation Mode ......................43
SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) ..84
Receive Power........................................41
SNTP IP Address ...................................84
Refresh Page Period ................. 43, 73, 74
SNTP Poll Interval ..................................84
Region Code...........................................40
SNTP Port Number.................................84
Remote Management Page....................82
SNTP State.............................................84
Remote Transmit Maximum Power ........41
SNTP Time Zone ....................................84
Repair and Service ...................................8
Software Upgrade...................................67
Reset System Counters..........................54
Software Version ....................................39
Reset System Histograms ......................54
Specifications..........................................95
Routing the Cable ...................................29
Spectrum Management (Fixed Frequency)80
Safety........................................................7
Spectrum Management (Non UK) ..........70
Signal Strength Ratio..............................54
Spectrum Management Channel Warning38
Site Planning...........................................20
Spectrum Management Configuration....73
Site Selection Criteria .............................20
Spectrum Management Control......62, 115
SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) .84
Spectrum Management Master / Slave
Relationship ........................................72
SMTP Destination Email Address ..........84
Spectrum Management Measurements .70
SMTP Email Alert ...................................84
Spectrum Management Online Help ......79
SMTP IP Address ...................................84
Statistics Page ........................................52
SMTP Port Number ................................84
Statistics Page Refresh Period...............54
SMTP Source Email Address .................84
Subnet Mask...............................40, 46, 58
SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol)..............................................83
Surge Arrestor ........................................13
SNMP Community String........................83
System Administration Pages.................44
SNMP Configuration ...............................83
System Clock..........................................36
129
System Configuration Page....................45
Wan Dropped Tx Packets.......................52
System Connections.............................102
Wan Good Rx Packets ...........................53
System Specifications.............................95
Wan Good Tx Packets............................52
Systems Status Page .............................38
Warranty .................................................15
Target MAC Address ..............................59
Web Page Reference .............................35
Target Range..........................................61
Welcome...................................................7
Target Receive Modulation Mode.....41, 45
Who Should Use This Guide ....................8
Tools Required .......................................23
Wind Loading........................................109
Transmit Data Rate...........................42, 54
Wireless Channels..................................70
Transmit Modulation Mode .....................43
Wireless Configuration ...........................59
Transmit Power.......................................41
Wireless Link Availability ..................54, 71
Vector Error ............................................41
Wireless Link Status .........................35, 40
Wan Bad Rx Packets..............................53
130


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