Cambium Networks 58XX-T Wireless Ethernet Bridge User Manual Orthogon Systems

Cambium Networks Limited Wireless Ethernet Bridge Orthogon Systems

Handbook

There’s line-of-sight...There’s non-line-of-sight...and then there’sOrthogon SystemsUser Manual
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1Orthogon SystemsGemini System User ManualMay 16, 2003Ref: PHN-0532-0006Copyright InformationThis document is the confidential property of PipingHot Networks Limited and without its pri-or written consent may not be copied or released to 3rd parties. © 2003 PipingHot NetworksLimited.ComplianceChanges or modifications not expressly approved by Orthogon Systems could void the user’sauthority to operate the equipment.DisclaimerThe parameters quoted in this document must be specifically confirmed in writing before theybecome applicable to any particular order or contract. The company reserves the right to makealterations or amendments to the detail specification at its discretion. The publication of informa-tion in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other rights of Orthogon Systemsor others.
2Contents1 GettingStarted .................. 41.1 ForYourSafety ................ 41.2 Welcome ..................... 41.2.1 About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2.2 Who Should Use This Guide . . . . 51.2.3 Service ..................... 51.3 Product Description (AbouttheOS-Gemini) ................ 51.3.1 The Outdoor Unit (ODU) . . . . . . . 61.3.2 The Indoor Unit (IDU) . . . . . . . . . 61.3.3 Mains Power Adaptor . . . . . . . . . 71.3.4 Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . 81.3.5 Surge Arrestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3.6 Mounting Brackets . . . . . . . . . . . 101.3.7 Configuration and Management . 111.4 Warranty .................... 112 Product Architecture (MoreDetail About The OS-Gemini) . . . . 123 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . 143.1 Frequency Planning . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2 Distance ..................... 143.3 Networking Information . . . . . . . . 143.4 Lightning Protection . . . . . . . . . . . 143.5 Electrical Requirements . . . . . . . . 153.6 Training ..................... 154 SitePlanning .................. 164.1 Site Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . 164.1.1 ODU Site Selection . . . . . . . . . . . 164.1.2 IDU Site Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.2 Path Loss Considerations . . . . . . . 164.2.1 Free Space Path Loss . . . . . . . . . 174.2.2 Excess Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.2.3 Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.2.4 Maximum Path Loss . . . . . . . . . 184.2.5 Worked Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 194.2.6 Worked Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 194.3 MeanPower ................. 205 Installation .................... 225.1 Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2 Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.4 Installation Support . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.5 Legal Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.5.1 Mounting the ODUs .......... 235.5.2 Connecting Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.5.3 Mounting The IDU ........... 305.5.4 Powering Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.5.5 Aligning the ODUs ........... 316 Web Page Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.1 HomePage .................. 336.2 Systems Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . 346.3 System Administration Page . . . . . 356.3.1 System Configuration Page . . . . 356.3.2 Install Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.3.3 Software Upgrade Pages . . . . . . 386.3.4 DFSPages ................. 396.3.5 SMTP Configuration Page . . . . . 406.3.6 Change SystemAdministration Password . . . . . . 416.3.7 Software License Key . . . . . . . . 417 FaultFinding .................. 428 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.1 System Specification . . . . . . . . . . . 438.2 Safety Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.3 EMC Emissions Compliance . . . . 448.4 EMC Immunity Compliance . . . . . 458.5 Radio Certifications (typeapprovals) ................... 458.6 Environmental Specifications . . . . 458.7 System Connections . . . . . . . . . . . 468.7.1 ODU to IDU Connection . . . . . . 468.7.2 Network Connection . . . . . . . . . 468.7.3 Power Connection . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Lightning Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . 4810 FAQs ........................ 5011 Glossary ...................... 5112 Index ........................ 52
3List of Figures1 Typical OS-Gemini Deployment . . . . 52 OS-Gemini Outdoor Unit (ODU) . . . . 73 OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU) ...... 84 OS-Gemini Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . 95 OS-Gemini power adaptor . . . . . . . . 106ODU Mounting Configurations . . . . . 107 OS-Gemini Layer Diagram . . . . . . . 128 Free Space Path Loss at 5.8 GHz . . . 179 Fade Margin vs Excess PathLoss for 99.99% link availability . . 1810 Worked Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911 Worked Example over a hill . . . . . . 2012 Mean path loss vs range forBPSK and 16QAM ............... 2013 RJ45 Pin Connections . . . . . . . . . . . 2714 Webpagemenus ............... 3315 HomePage .................... 3316 StatusPage .................... 3417 System Administration Page . . . . . . 3518 Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3519 Licence key entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3620 Installation page 1 — InternetProtocol Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3621 Installation page 2 —Wireless Configuration . . . . . . . . . . 3722 Installation page 3 —Confirm Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 3723 Installation page 4 —Configuration Complete . . . . . . . . . 3824 Software upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3825 DFSpage ..................... 4026 SMTPpage ................... 4027 Passwordpage ................. 4128 Licensepage .................. 4129 Fault Finding Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4230 DC Connection Diagram . . . . . . . . . 4631 ODU Mounting Positions . . . . . . . . 49
41 Getting Started1.1 For Your SafetyCaution Users and installers should note that the mains power supply is the primary disconnectdevice.Warning Use extreme care when installing antennas near power lines.Warning Use extreme care when working at heights.Caution When the system is operational, avoid standing directly in front of the antenna. StrongRF fields are present when the transmitter is on.The ODU must not be deployed in a locationwhere it is possible for people to stand or walk inadvertently in front of the antenna.The Gemini 5810 Outdoor unit must be properly grounded to protect against power surges. It isthe user’s responsibility to install the equipment in accordance with Section 810 of the NationalElectric Code, ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 or Section 54 of the Canadian Electrical Code. Thesecodes describe correct installation procedures for grounding the outdoor unit, mast, lead-in wireand discharge unit, size of grounding conductors and connection requirements for groundingelectrodes. It is recommended that installation of the outdoor unit be contracted to a professionalinstaller.Caution Safety will be compromised if external quality cables are not used for connectionswhich will be exposed to the weather.Caution Safety may be compromised if a different power supply is used than the one suppliedas part of the system.Caution Safety may be compromised if the screws holding the bracket to the rear of the unitare removed and reassembled more than once.1.2 WelcomeCongratulations on the purchase of the OS-Gemini systems from Orthogon Systems. The OS-Gemini is the latest innovation in high-speed wireless networking that lets you deploy wirelessnetworks in areas previously unattainable.1.2.1 About This GuideThis guide covers the installation, commissioning, operation and fault finding of the OS-Geminisystem.
51.2.2 Who Should Use This GuideThe guide is for use by the system installer and the end user IT professional.The system installer will require expertise in the following areas:•Outdoor radio equipment installation•Network configuration•Use of web browser for system configuration, monitoring and fault finding1.2.3 ServiceFor unit repair or service, contact your service provider or an authorised Orthogon Systemsdistributor for authorisation and shipping instructions.1.3 Product Description (About the OS-Gemini)The OS-Gemini has primarily been developed to provide Point-to-Point data connectivity via a5GHz wireless Ethernet bridge operating at broadband data rates. The OS-Gemini is aimed atenterprises that have a requirement to connect together the Local Area Network (LAN) of two ormore buildings. Figure 1 illustrates such a deployment. It should be noted that the use of twolinks requires a router at each end to provide load balancing and redundancy control which arenot shown.Building 1 Building 2Enterprise LAN Enterprise LANPowerAdapterMainsSupplyWallPlateCAT 5PatchCAT 5CableFigure 1 Typical OS-Gemini DeploymentThe OS-Gemini offers true non--Line--of--Sight (NLOS) operation by using a combination of Or-thogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulation and MultiBeam Space Time Coding(STC) techniques. These technologies enables the OS-Gemini to drive through foliage and aroundbuildings to such an extent that almost universal coverage can be expected at short range.
6The OS-Gemini consists of a pair of identical devices that are deployed one at each end of thelink. At install time the user sets up one unit is set as the Master and the other as the Slave. Eitherunit can be configured as master or slave.Each end of the link consists of:•An integrated outdoor transceiver unit containing all the radio and networking electronics.Hereafter referred to as the Outdoor Unit (ODU).•An indoor passive connection box containing status indicators, DC power connection andnetwork connection. Hereafter referred to as the Indoor Unit (IDU).•A ‘mains’ power adaptor.Power is fed into the IDU from the mains power adaptor via a standard low voltage DC connector.The network connection is presented to the user at the IDU via an RJ45 socket. Connectionbetween the ODU and IDU is made using standard CAT 5 UV resistant cable. The spare twistedpairs of the cable are used to feed power from the IDU to the ODU.1.3.1 The Outdoor Unit (ODU)The ODU is a self-contained unit. It houses both radio and networking electronics. The unit is fedby a single CAT 5 UTP cable. Power is fed to the unit via the brown/brown-white pair connectedto pins 7 and 8 of the RJ45 plugs and sockets employed. It should be noted that this poweringarrangement is not standard Power-over-Ethernet (POE). The OS-Gemini ODU should only bedeployed using the supplied OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU).1.3.2 The Indoor Unit (IDU)The OS-Gemini IDU is a passive device used to inject the DC supply voltage into the cable con-necting the IDU to the ODU. The IDU also houses status indicators driven from the ODU over theblue/blue-white pair connected to pins 4 and 5 of the RJ45 plugs and sockets employed.The front panel contains indicators showing the status of the power and Ethernet connections.•the power indicator is illuminated when the IDU is receiving 48 volts from the power adaptor.•the Ethernet indicator illuminates when the ODU is powered; it flashes when there is Ethernetactivity.The bottom of the IDU contains the Ethernet connection via RJ45 socket, the power connection,an entry point for IDU-ODU cabling and the reset button.The IDU also houses a reset switch. This reset switch is used for various purposes identified intable 1.reset IP switch
7Figure 2 OS-Gemini Outdoor Unit (ODU)1.3.3 Mains Power AdaptorThe mains power adaptor is an in-line power supply which provides a 48 Volt DC output to supplypower to the IDU /ODUCaution Safety may be compromised if a different power supply is used instead of the onesupplied as part of the system.
8Figure 3 OS-Gemini Indoor Unit (IDU)Reset Button Depression ActionMomentary This is the same as a power cycle. It simply restarts theunit using the same configuration and software as before.More than 10 secs This resets the configuration to factory defaults. Allparameters will need to be reentered including the webpage which will have returned to 10.10.10.10.While connecting power formore than 15 secs after poweris appliedThis resets to factory defaults including to the initialsoftware load.Table 1 Reset actions1.3.4 Cables and ConnectorsThe cable used to connect the IDU to the ODU can be any standard CAT 5 type provided that it issuitable for outdoor deployment. Orthogon Systems recommends that cables to the specificationbelow are used.NEC/CEC: CMR(ETL) C(ETL) 75C SUN RES OIL RES II
9Figure 4 OS-Gemini Reset SwitchFailure to use the recommended (or equivalent) standard of cable may invalidate the systemssafety certification.The IDU/ODU cable may be unscreened (UTP) or screened (STP). However, unscreened cables re-duce the system’s ability to cope with nearby lightening strikes. If lightening activity is commonin the area of deployment, the use of screened cable is highly recommended.The connection between the IDU and users equipment can be made using any standard CAT5 UTPpatch cable. The RJ45 Ethernet connection is presented as a piece of network equipment. How-ever as automatic MDI/MDI-X sensing and pair swapping is employed a crossed or non-crossedEthernet patch cable can be used for connection to another piece of networking equipment ordirectly to end user equipment.It should be noted that the IDU provides continuity between the screen on the ODU-IDU cable andscreen on the IDU-User equipment cable. If continuity of the screening is desired from the ODUto the users equipment, CAT 5 STP cable and connectors should be used for the latter connection.1.3.5 Surge ArrestorThe IDU does not provide lightning or surge suppression. Should lightning or surge suppressionbe required a separate Ethernet surge suppressor should be used and appropriately earthed. Suit-able surge suppressors can be sourced from your Orthogon Systems distributor or re-seller. TheODU is protected through built-in surge suppression as standard.
10Figure 5 OS-Gemini power adaptor1.3.6 Mounting BracketsThe OS-Gemini ODU is supplied with a mounting bracket suitable for mounting the ODU to a poleof 50mm to 75mm in diameter or to a flat surface. For more details on mounting see section 5“Installation”Pole WallFigure 6 ODU Mounting ConfigurationsThe bracket allows for adjustment in both azimuth and elevation. The bracket can be split,allowing one half to mounted to the ODU and the other half to the pole or wall prior to installation.This allows the installer to take the weight of the unit on a single mounting bolt while fitting theretaining nut and washers.
11The OS-Gemini IDU can either be desk or wall mounted. The preference is wall mounted withthe cables dressed to a skirting board or cable channel. Wall mounting is achieved by screwingthrough the mounting lugs on either side of the unit.1.3.7 Configuration and ManagementConfiguration and Management of the OS-Gemini is implemented using an inbuilt web serverhosting a number of Configuration and Management web pages. This approach allows Configu-ration and Management to be carried out on any standard web browsing technology. Connectionto the OS-Gemini is via the Ethernet connection carrying the bridge network traffic. Connectionto the unit is via a preset IP address. This address can be changed via the Network Interface Con-figuration web page. A full explanation of the available web pages and their use can be found insection 6 “Web Page Reference”.1.4 WarrantyOrthogon Systems offers a warranty covering a period of 1 year from the date of purchase bythe end customer. If the product is found to be defective during the warranty period, OrthogonSystems Ltd. will repair or replace the product with the same or a similar model, which maybe a reconditioned unit, without charge for parts or labour. IN NO EVENT SHALL ORTHOGONSYSTEMS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY OTHER PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, GENERAL, SPE-CIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR OTHER DAMAGE RISING OUT OF THE USEOR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OFBUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR ANY OTHERPECUNIARY LOSS, OR FROM ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY, EVEN IF ORTHOGON SYSTEMS LTD. HASBEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. (Some states do not allow the exclusionor limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above exclusion or limitation maynot apply to you.) IN NO CASE SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNTYOU PAID FOR THE PRODUCT.
122 Product Architecture (More Detail About The OS-Gemini)The OS-Gemini consists of an identical pair of units deployed one at each end of the link. Theradio link operates on a single frequency channel using Time Division Duplex (TDD). One unit isdeployed as a master and the other as a slave. The master unit takes responsibility for controllingthe link in both directions.The non-Line-of-Sight (nLoS) aspects of the product are provided by multi-beam space timecoding, coupled with OFDMmodulation with a dispersion capability of 10 microseconds in bothdirections.The OS-Gemini has been developed to operate in license exempt frequency bands for examplethe ETSI 5.8 GHz C band (5.725–5.875 GHz) and the USA 5 GHz ISM band (5.725–5.850 GHz).The OS-Gemini has been designed to coexist with other users of the band in an optimal fashionusing a combination of Transmit Power Control (TPC), Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) andAntenna beam shape.In order to maintain link availability, the product employs adaptive modulation techniques thatreduce the data rate in severe or adverse conditions.The OS-Gemini operates as a standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet bridge as defined in IEEE 802.1. TheOS-Gemini is implemented as a learning bridge. A learning bridge builds up a picture of whichaddresses are connected to which port. This means that it will not re-transmit a packet if it knowsthat the destination address is connected to the same port on which the bridge saw the packet.Figure 7 illustrates the OS-Gemini layer diagram.EthernetPHYDLC BridgingNetwork(IP)Transport(TCP, UDP)DLCPHYhttp5 GHz WirelessPHYDLC BridgingNetwork(IP)Transport(TCP, UDP)DLCPHYEthernethttpFigure 7 OS-Gemini Layer DiagramThe OS-Gemini functionality has been extended to encompass the IEEE 802.1q sub-specificationIEEE 802.1p. IEEE 802.1p allows the Ethernet packets to be extended by 8 bytes to include theIEEE 802.1q VLAN Tag and VLAN Priority/ID with VLAN ID set to 0 and the packet priority set to0-7. The OS-Gemini will forward all VLAN tagged packets regardless of the VLAN ID value.Each unit in the link is manageable through an IP connection. Standard IP protocols are utilisedfor all management functions e.g. HTTP,TFTP, etc. The OS-Gemini is fully software upgrade-able. New software images are first downloaded from the Orthogon Systems support web site
13(www.orthogonsystems.com/support/download) to a convenient platform. The imageis then uploaded to the ODU via the web management page described in section 6.3.3 “SoftwareUpgrade Pages”. The compressed image is first loaded into RAM and check summed. If thecompressed image transfer has completed successfully the image is decompressed and written toFlash memory. On completion of this process the unit will re-boot using the newly downloadedimage. Should this process fail the unit will revert to a protected compressed image installedduring manufacturing to allow the unit to be recovered.
143 General Considerations3.1 Frequency PlanningThe OS-Gemini is capable of operating in the whole frequency range 5.725 to 5.875 GHz(defined as the ETSI 5 GHz C band) but for the USA is optimised for the ISM band (5.725-5.850 GHz), utilising a 10 MHz wide channel. Setting of the operating frequency channel isautomatic and is carried out by the built-in Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) functionality.The user can configure the OS-Gemini to avoid using certain frequencies to prevent interferenceto other users of the band and prevent operation in parts of the band containing interference. Theuse of this functionality is described in detail in section 6.3.4 “DFS Pages”.3.2 DistanceThe OS-Gemini will operate at ranges from 100m to 40 km. Operation of the system will dependon obstacles in the path between the units. Operation at 40km will require a Line of Sight(LoS) path. Operation at 100m could be achieved with one unit totally obscured from the otherunit, but with the penalty of transmitting at higher power in a non-optimal direction, therebyincreasing interference in the band. This subject is covered in more detail in section 4.2 “PathLoss Considerations”.3.3 Networking InformationThe OS-Gemini operates as a transparent Ethernet bridge. Each unit requires an IP address.This IP address is for management purposes only; it does not play any part in the operation onthe system. IP addresses are assigned during initial configuration as described in section 5.2“Installation Procedure”.3.4 Lightning ProtectionThe amount of lightning protection is dependant on regulatory requirements and the end userrequirements. The standard OS-Gemini ODU is fitted with surge limiting circuits and other fea-tures to minimise the risk of damage due to nearby lightning strikes. These standard featuresmay require some additional equipment to be configured as part of the system installation to befully effective. Orthogon Systems recommends the use of screened cable and surge arrestor toprotect connected equipment from nearby strikes.Note: The OS-Gemini is not design to survive direct lightning strikes. For this reasonthe unit should not be installed as the highest point in a localised area, unlessspecific precautions are taken. See section 9 “Lightning Protection”.
153.5 Electrical RequirementsThe OS-Gemini is supplied with a variable input voltage in-line power supply unit. This unit issupplied with mains cables suitable for the country of sale. The OS-Gemini requires one mainssupply outlet at each end of the link.3.6 TrainingInstallation training courses can be purchased from Orthogon Systems. Self paced ComputerAided Instruction (CAI) courses can be purchased and downloaded from the Orthogon Systemswebsite. Tailored courses can be supplied at your own premises or at Orthogon Systems HQ. Seehttp://www.orthogonsystems.com/training for more details.
164 Site Planning4.1 Site Selection CriteriaThe following are guidelines for selecting the installation location of the OS-Gemini ODU andIDU.4.1.1 ODU Site SelectionWhen selecting a site for the ODU the following should be taken into consideration:•That it is not possible for people to stand or walk inadvertently in front of the antenna.•Height and location to achieve the best radio path•Height in relation to other objects with regard to lightning strikes•Protection from the elements•Aesthetics and planning permission issues•Distance from IDU and connected equipment (Maximum cable run ODU to connected equip-ment is 100m)•Distance from the IDU to the ODU (Maximum cable run IDU to ODU is 60m)4.1.2 IDU Site SelectionWhen selecting a site for the IDU the following should be taken into consideration:•Availability of a mains supply•Accessibility for viewing status indicators (See section 1.3.2 “The Indoor Unit (IDU)” andsection 7 “Fault Finding”•Distance from ODU and connected equipment (Maximum cable run ODU to connected equip-ment is 100m)•Distance from the ODU to the IDU (Maximum cable run ODU to IDU is 60m)4.2 Path Loss ConsiderationsThe path loss is the amount of attenuation the radio signal undergoes between the two ends of thelink. The path loss is the sum of the attenuation of the path if there were no obstacles in the way(Free Space Path Loss), the attenuation caused by obstacles (Excess Path Loss) and a margin toallow for possible fading of the radio signal (Fade Margin).LFree Space +LExcess +LFade <LCapability (1)whereLFree Space = Free Space Path Loss dBLExcess = Excess Path Loss dBLFade = Fade Margin Required dBLCapability = Equipment Capability dB
17From the above calculation a rough idea of whether the link will work and be reliable can beobtained. This is the best estimate that can be achieved without the use of sophisticated radioplanning tools and expensive high-resolution terrain data. The only way to confirm the calcu-lation is to install the units, complete the installation process and monitor the link for a periodof time. To ensure that the link is reliable through all environmental changes associated withthe changing seasons this monitoring should be continued for a year. In applications where theOS-Gemini forms part of a high availability system monitoring of the radio signals should bebuilt-in as part of the end users day-to-day preventative maintenance schedule.4.2.1 Free Space Path LossThe Free Space Path Loss is the loss incurred along a Line of Sight path between the two endpoint of the radio link.0.1 0.5 1 5 10 50range km-140-130-120-110-100-90dBFree Space Path LossFigure 8 Free Space Path Loss at 5.8 GHz4.2.2 Excess Path LossThe Excess Path Loss is the loss incurred due to obstacles between the two end points of theradio link. The exact attenuation caused by each object is an approximate science. The followingfigures should be used for guidance only.•Approximately 20 dB per Tree•Approximately 0-30 dB per obstruction that would cause the line of sight to bend by 0-10°It should be noted that there is a theoretical area around the line of sight of an antenna, called theFresnel Zone, which can affect the signal strength. Objects that penetrate the Fresnel Zone cancreate out of phase reflections that cancel the wanted signal. Objects near the line of sight of the
18antenna will add to the excess path loss. Calculations of excess path loss should take this intoconsideration using values approximately half those used for objects that obstruct the line of siteof the antenna. For a thorough understanding of this refer to ITU P526.4.2.3 Fade MarginA Fade Margin needs to be applied to link budget to take into account changes in the radio pathcaused by changes in objects surrounding or in the propagating path. e.g. moving objects suchas traffic or the changes in foliage brought on by seasonal change. The fade margin used in thecalculation is a function of excess path loss. The fade margin requirement should be taken fromfigure 9 using the excess path loss calculated above.0 10 20 30 40Excess Path Loss dB-12-10-8-6-4Fade Margin dBFade Margin RequiredFigure 9 Fade Margin vs ExcessPath Loss for 99.99% link availabilityThe use of MultiBeam Space-Time-Coding allows the OS-Gemini to achieve 99.99% availabilityeven in a totally obscured radio link operating with radio path fading up to 12dB. This graphshould not be used for other products which may need nearly 40 dB fade margin for 30 dB excesspath loss4.2.4 Maximum Path LossThe Maximum Path Loss is the total path attenuation that the system can withstand and stillmaintain 99.99% availability. Due to different spectrum licensing conditions in different regionsthe Maximum Path Loss varies from county to country due to allowable output power differences.In the USA this budget is 164dB for BPSK and 150 dB for 16QAM.
194.2.5 Worked Example 12000mFresnel ZoneLine of Sight Obstruction Fresnel Zone penetrationLine of SightFigure 10 Worked ExampleThis example of figure 10 shows a case where a tree obscures the Line of Sight and the FresnelZone has a building intrusion.In this example:•Free Space Path Loss = 114 dB•Excess Path Loss for Line of Sight Obstruction = 20 dB•Excess Path Loss for Fresnel Zone penetration = 10 dB•Total Excess Path Loss = 30dB•Required Fade Margin from above look up chart = 11 dBCalculation:114 dB + 30 dB + 11 dB = 155 dBThe result of this calculation shows that this scenario would work with margin using the allowedUS power level (164 dB max path loss). The normal operational mode will be 16QAM but therewill be occasional drops to BPSK mode.4.2.6 Worked Example 2This example in figure 11 shows a case where the Line of Sight is obstructed by a terrain obstacle.In this example:•Free Space Path Loss = 120 dB•Excess Path Loss for Line of Sight Obstruction = 20 dB•Required Fade Margin from above look up chart = 8 dB
204000mFresnel ZoneLine of Sight ObstructionLine of SightFigure 11 Worked Example over a hillCalculation:120 dB + 20 dB + 8 dB = 148 dBThe result of this calculation shows that this scenario would work continuously at 16QAM.4.3 Mean PowerA Web Management page for Gemini has an important indicator of mean path loss. This isshown in figure 16. Also on this Web Page is the range. Figure 12 gives the maximum meanpath loss vs range for guaranteeing that Gemini is installed in a position that will give 99.99%availability. Note: The web page display is for the previous hour and the full fade cycle may notbe traversed for many days depending upon the components causing the fading.0.1 0.5 1 5 10 50range km140145150155dBMean Path Loss BPSK16QAMFigure 12 Mean path loss vs range for BPSK and 16QAM
21The blue dashed line is for 16QAM and the solid red line of for BPSK.
225 InstallationOrthogon Systems recommends that only qualified personnel undertake the installation of anOS-Gemini system.5.1 PreparationBefore proceeding with the installation you should:•Check the contents of all packages against the parts lists shown in the packing list.•Ensure that you have the correct tools for the job•Ensure that you are qualified to undertake the work•Ensure that you have taken the correct safety precautions.•Completed the site planning as described in section 4 “Site Planning”.5.2 Installation ProcedureThe OS-Gemini installation procedure consists of the following steps:•Mounting the ODUs•Connecting up•Mounting the IDUs•Powering Up•Aligning the ODUs5.3 Tools RequiredThe following tools are required to install the OS-Gemini•Two 13mm Spanners•4 mm hexagonal key•Phillips screwdrivers of various sizes•RJ45 Crimp Tool5.4 Installation SupportOn-line installation support and contact details for your regional support can be found at: http://www.orthogonsystems.com/support/installationA Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) section can be found in section 10 “FAQs”. Further andmore up to date FAQs may be found at: http://www.orthogonsystems.com/support/FAQ
235.5 Legal DisclaimerIN NO EVENT SHALL ORTHOGON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJURY TO ANY PERSONS OR ANYDAMAGE CAUSED DURING THE INSTALLATION OF THE ORTHOGON SYSTEMS OS-GEMINI PROD-UCT.5.5.1 Mounting the ODUsThe ODU mounting bracket is designed to ease installation by allowing the bracket to be splitinto two and be brought back together using a single bolt fixing. The ODU mounting bracketis designed for both pole and wall mounting. The ODU should be mounted using the followingsteps:
245.5.1.1 Pole MountingStep 1: Mount the ODU half of thebracket to the ODU (Note: orientation)Step 2: Mount other halfof the bracket to the pole.Step 3: Mate the two halvesof the bracket together andtighten the nut and bolt.
255.5.1.2 Wall MountingStep 1: Mount the ODU half of thebracket to the ODU (Note: orientation).Step 2: Mount other halfof the bracket to the wall.Step 3: Mate the two halvesof the bracket together andtighten the nut and bolt.5.5.2 Connecting Up5.5.2.1 Preparing The Cable — RJ45 connectionsCables with the ODU end already prepared can be purchased from your reseller or distributor inlengths up to 60m. (Note that the maximum length between the IDU and ODU is 60m.) Thosewishing to source their own cables and connectors (see section 1.3.4 “Cables and Connectors” above)
26should follow the following instructions along with the cable and connector suppliers instruc-tions:Step 1: Assemble glandon cable as shownStep 2: Strip the outer insulationStep 3: Arrange conductors asshown in Figure 13 and cut to lengthStep 4: Insert conductors and crimpFigure 11 - Completed ODU connectorBoth ends of the ODU to IDU cable are terminated in the same way. The above procedure shouldbe repeated for the IDU end of the cable when the cable routing process is complete.Note: The IDU end of the cable does not employ a cable gland.
27White/OrangeOrangeWhite/GreenBlueWhite/BlueGreenWhite/BrownBrownPin 1Pin 2Pin 3Pin 4Pin 5Pin 6Pin 7Pin 8Lock tab underneathFigure 13 RJ45 Pin Connections5.5.2.2 Making the Connection At The ODUThe following procedure describes how connection is made at the ODU. It is often easier to carryout this procedure on the ground or a suitable surface prior to mounting the ODU.
28Step 1: Assemble the cableas described in 5.5.2.1 aboveStep 2: Insert the RJ45 connector makingsure that the locking tab snaps homeStep 3: Screw in the body of the weatherproofing gland and tighten to ?? NmStep 4: Screw on the clampingnut and tighten to ?? NmShould it be necessary to disconnect the IDU to ODU cable at the ODU this can be achieved by re-moving the weather proofing gland and depressing the RJ45 locking tab with a small screwdriveras shown below:Step 1: Disconnecting the ODUWarning: Ensure that power is removed from the system at the IDU to prevent damage to theODU whilst breaking the connection.
295.5.2.3 Routing the CableAfter connecting the cable to the ODU it can be routed and secured using standard cable routingand securing techniques. When the cable is in place it can then be cut to the desired length at theIDU prior to connection to the IDU.5.5.2.4 Fitting A Surge ArrestorIf you have opted to fit a Surge Arrestor, this should be installed by following the manufacturersinstruction.5.5.2.5 Grounding The InstallationThe Gemini 5810 Outdoor unit must be properly grounded to protect against power surges. It isthe user’s responsibility to install the equipment in accordance with Section 810 of the NationalElectric Code, ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 or Section 54 of the Canadian Electrical Code. Thesecodes describe correct installation procedures for grounding the outdoor unit, mast, lead-in wireand discharge unit, size of grounding conductors and connection requirements for groundingelectrodes. It is recommended that installation of the outdoor unit be contracted to a professionalinstaller.5.5.2.6 Making the Connection At The IDUThe ODU is connected to the IDU by means of a concealed RJ45 connector. The RJ45 connectionhas been placed inside the IDU to prevent the user inadvertently plugging other equipment intothe ODU RJ45 socket.Warning: Plugging other equipment into the ODU RJ45 socket may damage the equipment dueto the non-standard Power-over-Ethernet techniques employed.
30Step 1: Remove the cover byremoving the four cover fixing screws.Step 2: Plug in the ODU to IDUcable ensuring that it snaps home.Step 3: Replace the cover5.5.3 Mounting The IDUThis step is optional. Orthogon Systems recommends that you mount the IDU on a wall or othersuitable mounting surface. This prevents the unit from being knocked or kicked and can helpmaintain link availability.Step 1: Fix the IDU to thewall using the lugs provided.Step 2: Connect the DCpower and LAN connection
315.5.4 Powering UpPrior to powering up the OS-Gemini, a computer with web browsing capabilities should beconfigured with an IP address of 10.10.10.n and subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 where n is any valuebetween 1 and 254 but excluding 10. If the default address of the unit 10.10.10.10 clashes withan address you are already using on your LAN, or you are not sure, you should set up an isolatedLAN. As the LAN connection presented at the IDU has a default configuration as a hub/switch(and auto-sensing MDI/MDI-X cross over is employed).connection can be made directly to thecomputer using a standard CAT 5 patch cable.The unit to be configured can now be powered up and accessed using the default URL http://10.10.10.10/.If operating both OS-Gemini units on the same LAN for configuration purposes do not power upboth units at the same time as this will result in the use of a duplicate IP address.Tip: The ping command is sometimes useful to determine connectivity between the unit beingconfigured and the computer.Each unit can now be configured with an operational IP address within your LANsIP addressrange using the IP configuration web page described in section 6.3.2 “Install Pages” figure 20.Tip: Should you lose track of the IP address during this process, the unit can be reset to thefactory settings of 10.10.10.10 by following the reset procedure described in section 1.3.2“The Indoor Unit (IDU)”.5.5.5 Aligning the ODUsThe following is a description of the steps taken to establish a radio link between the two unitsforming the bridge and align the units for the best signal strength.Step 1: Mount the first unit in its target location.Step 2: Power up the unit.Step 3: Connect to the unit using a web browser.Step 4: Using the installation web pages described in section 6.3.2 “Install Pages” configure theunit to be the Master.Step 5: Cycle the power on the Master unit to reset the unit and enable as Master.Step 6: Point the Master unit in the direction of the other (Slave) units target mounting position.Step 7: Tighten the units mounting bracket.Step 8: Mount the second unit in its target location.Step 9: Power up the unit.Step 10: Connect to the unit using a web browser.Step 11: Using the installation web pages described in section 6.3.2 “Install Pages” configure theunit to be the Slave.
32Step 12: Cycle the power on the Slave unit to reset the unit and enable it as Slave.Step 13: Align the Slave unit using the audible tone. (The higher the frequency of the tone, thebetter the signal).Step 14: When the best signal strength has been found. Hold the unit steady (preferably lock theunit’s mounting bracket) for 10 seconds for the installation process to complete. The completionof the installation process is indicated by the audible tone being turned off.Step 15: If not already done, tighten the unitÕs mounting bracket without moving the unit fromits aligned position.The following steps are optional depending on the reliability of the link and the confidenceof the installer that the link has the desired fade margin to work reliably throughout the year.Interference to other users of the band may also need to be considered when deciding whetherto align the other (Master) end of the link. The following is basically a repeat of the above stepswith the Master/Slave status of the units swapped.Step 16: Using the installation web pages described in section 6.3.2 “Install Pages” configure thesecond unit to be the Master.Step 17: Cycle the power on the new Master unit.Step 18: Using the installation web pages described in section 6.3.2 “Install Pages” configure thefirst unit to be the Slave.Step 19: Cycle the power on the new Slave unit.Step 20: Align the new Slave unit using the audible tone. (The higher the tone, the better thesignal). When the best signal strength has been found.Step 21: Hold the unit steady (preferably lock the unit’s mounting bracket) for 10 seconds forthe installation process to complete. The completion of the installation process is indicated bythe audible tone being turned off.Step 22: If not already done, tighten the unit’s mounting bracket without moving the unit fromits aligned position.
336 Web Page ReferenceThis section contains an explanation and usage guide for each of the built-in management webpages. Where the user enters data into a field it is necessary to press the appropriate updatebutton to write the new configuration value to unit’s configuration memory.The small and full menus are shown in figure 14. The full menu is only available to the systemadministrator after logging in. The login panel is automatically presented when the configurationmenu is selected for the first time.Figure 14 Web page menus6.1 Home PageSystem SummaryAttributes Value UnitsWireless Link Status DownLink NameElapsed Time Indicator 0 Days 08:26:40Wireless Link Availability 0.0000 %Figure 15 Home PageThis page is displayed when initial connection is made to the unit. Navigation to all the unit’smanagement functions is via the menu items on the left hand side. This page also displays statusitems indicating the current link status, link up time and link availability metric.
346.2 Systems Status PageThis page displays the current system status. This page will automatically refresh after a userdefined refresh period. A field is provided to enter the required refresh period. Buttons areprovided to update the refresh period and reset the displayed counters. Refresh can be forced byusing the browsers refresh button.Figure 16 Status PageIn the section“Equipment” there are various status displayed. The “Country Variant” is depen-dant upon the software load. The “Link Name” and “Link Location” are attributes which canbe set using the “System Administration” page. Software and Hardware version numbers areprovided as well as the “Elapsed Time Indicator” providing the run time since the last reset.In the section “Ethernet / Internet” the status of the Ethernet link is provided. The IP address isthat of the web pages and is set on installation or by use of the “System Configuration”. TheSMTP settings can be adjusted on the SMTP page. The page can be automatically refreshed bythe use of the “Refresh this page every...” box and pressing the “Update Page Refresh Period”button.The section on “Wireless” gives the status of the wireless link. The “Target Modulation Mode”,Transmit Power Control and Maximum Transmit Power are controlled on the “System Configu-ration” Page. Transmit and Receive Power, Vector error and Link Loss are displayed Maximum,Mean and Minimum for the last complete hour. The DFS status is given along with the Activeand available channels. Finally the Radio Range is given and the average bit rate.
356.3 System Administration PageFigure 17 System Administration PageThe system administration pages are password protected. On first activation the user will bepresented with the above page prompting them to change the system administration home page.Once the password has been set the system administration pages will only be available after theuser has entered the correct password. All system configuration pages are accessed via the main,password protected, system administration page.6.3.1 System Configuration PageThis page is used to enter data about the link. This data is used by the alert and managementfunctionality to identify the link and equipment for status and fault reporting purposes. You mayalso set the maximum transmit power and IP address and subnet mask for Web Access. Note thatthe default IP address if not set is 10.10.10.10.Figure 18 Configuration PageNote: At this point you will loose connection to the unit. You now have to reconnect to the unitusing the address just set.
366.3.2 Install PagesThese pages are used during system installation. There follows a description of the install pagesalong with their use during the installation process. The actual installation process is described insection 5.5.5 “Aligning the ODUs” above. Step 1 figure 19 will automatically invoke on startingthe installation wizard if there is no valid license key stored. The OS-Gemini operational soft-ware requires a license key to enable the wireless bridging capability. A license key is suppliedwith each unit and can be found in the envelope marked “License Key” pack along with the unitsdocumentation. If subsequently the license key has been mislaid, you can apply for a licensekey on line at License Application. Your license key should be entered as shown above and the“Submit updated values” button pressed.Figure 19 Licence key entryStep 2 figure 20 is used to set the IP addresses.Figure 20 Installation page 1 — Internet Protocol SettingsStep 3 figure 21 is used to set the MAC Address of the peer unit that will be at the other endof the wireless link. The serial number is the hexadecimal representation of the serial numberwritten into the last 3 bytes of the units MAC address. At this point it is necessary to decide whichend will be master. The Master unit is the controlling unit with respect to the radio link and its
37maintenance. Master transmits until the link is made, Slave listens for its peer and only transmitswhen the peer has been identified. figure 21 shows;•Unit serial number is in Hex. 106 = MAC address 00:04:56:00:01:06•Unit acting as Master.Figure 21 Installation page 2 — Wireless ConfigurationStep 4 figure 22 is for confirming and committing to non-volatile memory the settings just en-tered.Figure 22 Installation page 3 — Confirm InstallationStep 5 figure 23 is used for using the settings previously entered.If the unit has been configured as the Master, the unit will restart with the transmitter transmittingon a suitable channel having executed a scan for possible “Jamming” signals. The unit willremain in this state until the matching Slave unit has completed its alignment and registrationprocess when the unit will take over control of the radio link and start the DFS functionality.
38Figure 23 Installation page4 — Configuration CompleteIf the unit has been configured as the Slave, the unit will restart with the audible installation toneturned on at the ODU. The unit will remain in this state until the signal from the correspondingMaster unit has been found, and the alignment and registration stages completed. The alignmentstage is taken to be complete when the signal received from the master does not vary for 10seconds. i.e. the installer is no longer moving the unit. Registration will occur as soon as thealignment stage is complete. Completion of the registration process is marked by the audibleinstallation tone being switch off. The unit will now enter operation as the Slave unit taking itsoperational parameters and commands from the Master unit.6.3.3 Software Upgrade PagesThese pages are used to update a unit’s operational software. The software image to be upload-ed should be downloaded to local storage from the Orthogon Systems support website www.orthogonsystems.com/support/download prior to using this utility.Figure 24 Software upgradeThe first step is to use the “Browse” button to locate the software image previously downloadedto local storage from the Orthogon Systems support website. Once the image is located the usershould press the “Upload image to wireless unit” button to start the software upgrade process.
39The software image will now be downloaded to the unit where it will be stored in RAM until it iscommitted to the units flash memory. This download should only take a few seconds.NEW SCREEN SHOT The unit being upgraded will now display its current flash memory status.The user should ensure that he is happy to proceed before pressing the “Continue” button. Theuser has the option to bail out at this point by pressing the “Abort“ button. On pressing the“Continue” button the user should ensure that the power is not cycled, or any other functionalityaccessed, until the next screen is displayed. This process can take up to 30 seconds.NEW SCREEN SHOT When the software image has been written to flash memory the abovescreen will be displayed showing the status of the software download. If this screen is not dis-played after 30 seconds this could indicate a problem with the memory update process. The usershould now power cycle the unit to start using the new software image. The units boot softwarewill automatically determine the health of the newly downloaded software image. If there areany problems the boot code will revert to a protected operational software image installed duringmanufacturing.After the power cycle the user should check that the required software image is loaded andrunning by re-entering the Upgrade page where the software bank status will be displayed.6.3.4 DFS PagesThis page is used to control and display information about the units DFS functionality. The onlyuser configurable attributes are the page refresh period and channel usage.The three upper displays show the combined and individual channel status. The colours denotethe status of each of the channels according to the following table.Yellow Active The channel is being used for connectionGreen Available The channel is available for useOrange Interference The channel has interference above the interference thresholdRed Radar The channel has a very high level of interferenceBlack Barred The channel has been barred from useIn the “Local Configuration” the interference threshold can be set. A normal value for this isabout -80 dBm. When the interference is above this level the display will change to orange. Theavailable channels are those below the interference threshold which are not barred. The activechannel number is also displayed as a number.In the “Peer Configuration” section the configuration of the other end of the link is given.In the “Spectrum Allocation” section the centre channel frequency range is given and the channelstep size.In the Barred Channel section the ability is given to not allow certain channels to be used. This isfor barring the frequency range of the centre frequency of the channel. There are three separateranges that can be chosen giving many possibilities.
40Figure 25 DFS page6.3.5 SMTP Configuration PageThis page is used to configure the email alert functionality. The facility can be enabled, theserver address and port number entered. The source and destination email addresses can also beentered.Figure 26 SMTP page
416.3.6 Change System Administration PasswordThis is the screen to change the password for the system administration.Figure 27 Password page6.3.7 Software License KeyThis page is for the entry of the Software License Key if necessary.Figure 28 License page
427 Fault FindingBefore contacting your re-seller/distributor or returning the unit to the manufacturer you shouldfollow the following fault finding guide figure 29:StartPowerindicatorlitPowerindicatorlitGreenindicatoractivityYellowindicatoractivityOther end oflink poweredGreenindicatoractivitySignal path OKEndCheck cablingandmains supplyNo Ethernet LinkCheck ConnectionsReturn unit toManufacturerNo radio linkCheck other endof linkApply power toother end of linkUnit functioningOK check furtherback in networkCheck signal pathRe-install linkContact your re-seller or distributorfor assistanceNoYesYesNoNoYesNoYesNoYesNoYesNoYesFigure 29 Fault Finding Guide
438 Specifications8.1 System SpecificationRadio Technology i-OFDMRF Band USA 5.725 – 5.850 GHz (ISM)Channel Selection By Dynamic Frequency ControlDynamic FrequencyControlInitial capture 2 sec., Out of service on interference 100 ms.Channel size 10 MHzChannel selection Automatic detection on start-up and continually adaptingTx power @ Antenna port Up to 12 dBm/MHz with Transmit Power Control at theantenna portTransmit Power Control Loop bandwidth 1 Hz, Range 30dB typicalRx sensitivity @ Rx input -93 dBm for BPSK-83 dBm for 16 QAMReceiver Noise Figure Typically 6 dB or lessAntenna Type Integrated dual polar flat plate antennaAntenna Gain 23dBi per polarisationMax Path loss US 164dBModulation Dynamically adapting between 16QAM and BPSKDuplex Scheme TDD, Ratio 50:50, Switch Rate 500HzData Rate @ Air Interface 16 Mbps (16QAM) and 4 Mbps (BPSK)Range 25 miles (40km) optical line-of-sight6 miles (10km) non-line-of-sightOver the air encryption Proprietary scrambling mechanismWeather sensitivity NoneEthernet BridgingProtocol IEEE802.1; IEEE802.1p; IEEE802.3 compatibleInterface 10/100BaseT (RJ-45), Supports MDI/MDIX Auto CrossoverData Rate @ Ethernet 14.2 Mbps (16QAM) and 3.5 Mbps (BPSK)
44Management Embedded web server for direct managementConfiguration DHCP client (default IP address:10.10.10.10)Status Indicators Power statusRadio Link statusEthernet Link StatusData activityAlarms Via configurable email alertsPhysical Integrated outdoor unit with indoor PSUDimensions Width 15.75” (400mm), Height 15.75” (400mm), Depth 3.94”(100mm)Weight 12.1 lbs (5.5 Kg) including bracketWind loading 75 Mph operating, 111 Mph survival (Class III Hurricane)Power Supply Separate power supply unit (included)Power source 90 – 264 VAC, 50 – 60 HzPower consumption 25 W mean (85 BTU/Hr)EnvironmentalOperating temperature ODU -40°F (-40°C) to 131°F (50°C)IDU 32°F (0°C) to 104°F (40°C)Protection IP658.2 Safety ComplianceRegion SpecificationUSA UL 60950Canada CSA C22.2 No. 60950Table 1 — OS-Gemini Safety Compliance8.3 EMC Emissions ComplianceRegion SpecificationUSA FCC Part 15 Class BTable 2 — OS-Gemini EMC Emissions Compliance
458.4 EMC Immunity ComplianceTop-level specification ETSI 301-489.Specification CommentEN 55082-1 Generic EMC and EMI requirements forEuropeEN 61000-4-2: 1995 Electro Static Discharge (ESD),Class 2, 8 kV air, 4 kV contact dischargeEN 61000-4-3: 1995 ENV50140: 1993 (radiatedimmunity) 3 V/mEN 61000-4-4: 1995 (Bursts/Transients), Class 4, 4kV level (power lines AC & DC)Signal lines @ 0.5 kV open circuitvoltage.EN 61000-4-6: 1996 (Injected RF), power line, Class3 @ 10 V/mSignal lines, Class 3 @ 3 V RMSunmodulated.Table 3 — OS-Gemini EMC Immunity Compliance8.5 Radio Certifications (type approvals)Region ReferenceUSA FCC Part 15 Subpart C (15.247)Table 4 — OS-Gemini Radio Certification8.6 Environmental SpecificationsGeneral statement in here
46EnvironmentalSpecificationsTemperature -40°C to +50°C plus the effects of solar radiationVibration and Shock ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 EAltitude ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 EWind Loading ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 E, In addition, the mountinghardware ensures that in all wind strengths up to 75mph, thealignment of the ODU will be within 2°of the nominal setting.In higher wind strengths up to 111mph, the ODU will surviveand return to its original alignment after the exposure.Humidity ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 EWind-driven Rain ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 EBiological Conditions ETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 EChemically ActiveSubstancesETS 300 019-1-4, Class 4.1 E, MIL-STD-810E, Method 509,Proc 1UV Exposure 10-year operational life (UL746C test evidence)Transportation ETS 300 019-1-2Storage ETS 300 019-1-1, Class 1.2Table 5 — OS-Gemini Environmental Specifications8.7 System Connections8.7.1 ODU to IDU ConnectionFigure 13 - ODU to IDU Connection Diagram8.7.2 Network ConnectionFigure 14 - Network Connection Diagram (Hub/Switch presentation)8.7.3 Power ConnectionThe IDU power connection is via a standard DC power socket.48V DCFigure 30 DCConnection Diagram
47The DC connection diagram is shown figure 30 for completeness. The OS-Gemini should onlybe used with the supplied PSU. Failure to do so may invalidate the unit’s safety compliance andcould lead to a fire.
489 Lightning ProtectionThe idea of lightning protection is to protect structures, equipment and people against lightningby conducting the lightning current to ground via a separate preferential solid path and by reduc-ing the electromagnetic field.The following should be treated as a guide only. Full details of lightning protection methodsand requirements can be found in the international standards IEC 61024-1 and IEC 61312-1, theNational Electric Code ANSI/NFPA No. 70-1984 or section 54 of the Canadian Electric Code.The installation of the ODU can be classified into two different lightning protection zones.•Zone A — In this zone a direct hit is possible.•Zone B — In this zone a direct hit is not possible, but the unattenuated electromagnetic fieldis present.The next diagrams show this zoning pictorially:Equipment mounted in Zone A should be capable of carrying the full lightning current. Mount-ing of the ODU in Zone A is not recommended. Mounting in Zone A should only be carriedout observing the rules governing installations in Zone A. Failure to do so may put structures,equipment and life at risk.Equipment mounted in Zone B should be grounded using grounding wire of at least 10 AWG.This grounding wire should be connected to a grounding rod or the building grounding systembefore entry in to building.The OS-Gemini ODU grounding point can be found on the bottom of the unit. The OS-Geminiis supplied with the appropriate grounding lug for attachment to the ODU.
49Zone AZone BZone AZone BODU mounted inside Zone B ODU mounted in Zone AZone AZone B]ODU mounted inside Zone BFigure 31 ODU Mounting Positions
5010 FAQsThis section contains a number of Frequently Asked Questions. This list is not exhaustive.Further and more up to date FAQs may be found in the Orthogon Systems website at: http://www.orthogonsystems.com/support/FAQQ: The 100BaseT Ethernet specification specifies a maximum length of 100m. Why am I re-stricted to 60m of cable between the IDU and ODU?A: The 60m restriction is a result of the voltage drop experience using CAT 5 cable. The 100mmaximum length still applies between the ODU and connected equipment.Q: Can I source and use my own PoE adaptor with the OS-Gemini?A: No. The OS-Gemini uses a non-standard PoE configuration. Failure to use the OrthogonSystems supplied IDU and in-line power supply could result in equipment damage and presentpotential safety problems.Q: ?????A: ?????
5111 GlossaryBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingCAI Computer Aided InstructionDC Direct CurrentDFS Dynamic Frequency SelectionETSI European TelecommunicationsStandards InstituteFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionHQ HeadquartersHTTP Hypertext Transfer ProtocolID IdentityIDU Indoor UnitIEEE Institute of Electrical and Elec-tronic EngineersIP Internet ProtocolISM Industrial Scientific and MedicalITU International TelecommunicationsUnionLAN Local Area NetworkMAC Medium Access Control LayerNLOS non--Line--of--SightODU Outdoor UnitOFDM Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexPOE Power-over-EthernetQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modula-tionRAM Random Access MemorySMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSTC Space Time CodingSTP Shielded Twisted PairTFTP Trivial File Transfer ProtocolTPC Transmit Power ControlURL Universal Resource LocationUSA United States of AmericaUTP Unshielded Twisted PairUV UltravioletVLAN Virtual Local Area Network
5212 Indexaadaptive modulation 12mmaster 12sslave 12
Orthogon Systems, Linhay Business Park, Eastern Road, Ashburton, Devon TQ13 7UPTelephone: +44 (0)1364 655500 Fax: +44 (0)1364 654625www.orthogonsystems.com

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