Cambium Networks 89FT0002 Dual Channel MIMO Access Point User Manual PMP 450 Planning Guide

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Cambium
PMP 450 Planning Guide
System Release 12.0.2
PMP 450 module essential information
Default IP Address for Management GUI Access
169.254.1.1
Default Administrator Username
admin
Default Administrator Password
(no password)
Software Upgrade Procedure
See “Updating the software version and using
CNUT” in the PMP 450 Configuration and User
Guide
1.
On the radio GUI, navigate to Configuration,
Unit Settings and select Set to Factory
Defaults
OR
Resetting to Factory Defaults (2 options)
2.
On the radio GUI, navigate to Configuration,
Unit Settings and enable and save option Set to
Factory Defaults Upon Default Plug
Detection. When the unit is powered on with a
default/override plug (see section “Acquiring the
Override Plug” in the PMP 450 Configuration
and User Guide) the radio will be returned to its
factory default settings.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
Accuracy
While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Cambium Networks assumes no
liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from use of the information obtained herein.
Cambium reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein to improve reliability, function, or design,
and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time in content hereof with no obligation
to notify any person of revisions or changes. Cambium does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use
of any product, software, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its patent rights or the rights of
others. It is possible that this publication may contain references to, or information about Cambium products (machines
and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or information must not
be construed to mean that Cambium intends to announce such Cambium products, programming, or services in your
country.
Copyrights
This document, Cambium products, and 3rd Party Software products described in this document may include or describe
copyrighted Cambium and other 3rd Party supplied computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media.
Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Cambium, its licensors, and other 3rd Party supplied software
certain exclusive rights for copyrighted material, including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce in any form, distribute
and make derivative works of the copyrighted material. Accordingly, any copyrighted material of Cambium, its licensors,
or the 3rd Party software supplied material contained in the Cambium products described in this document may not be
copied, reproduced, reverse engineered, distributed, merged or modified in any manner without the express written
permission of Cambium. Furthermore, the purchase of Cambium products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or
by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Cambium or
other 3rd Party supplied software, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation
of law in the sale of a product.
Restrictions
Software and documentation are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is prohibited by law. No part of the
software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any
language or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of Cambium.
License Agreements
The software described in this document is the property of Cambium and its licensors. It is furnished by express license
agreement only and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such an agreement.
High Risk Materials
Components, units, or 3rd Party products used in the product described herein are NOT fault-tolerant and are NOT
designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line control equipment in the following hazardous environments
requiring fail-safe controls: the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication Systems,
Air Traffic Control, Life Support, or Weapons Systems (High Risk Activities). Cambium and its supplier(s) specifically
disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for such High Risk Activities.
© 2012 Cambium Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Safety and regulatory information
Safety and regulatory information
This section describes important safety and regulatory guidelines that must be observed by personnel installing or
operating PMP 450 equipment.
Important safety information
To prevent loss of life or physical injury, observe the safety guidelines in this section.
Power lines
Exercise extreme care when working near power lines.
Working at heights
Exercise extreme care when working at heights.
Grounding and protective earth
PMP 450 units must be properly grounded to protect against lightning. It is the user’s responsibility to install the
equipment in accordance with national regulations. In the USA, follow Section 810 of the National Electric Code,
ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 (USA). In Canada, follow Section 54 of the Canadian Electrical Code. These codes
describe correct installation procedures for grounding the outdoor unit, mast, lead-in wire and discharge unit, size of
grounding conductors and connection requirements for grounding electrodes. Other regulations may apply in
different countries and therefore it is recommended that installation of the outdoor unit be contracted to a
professional installer.
Powering down before servicing
Always power down and unplug the equipment before servicing.
Primary disconnect device
The AP or SM unit’s power supply is the primary disconnect device.
External cables
Safety may be compromised if outdoor rated cables are not used for connections that will be exposed to the outdoor
environment.
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Safety and regulatory information
PMP 450 Planning Guide
RF exposure near the antenna
Radio frequency (RF) fields will be present close to the antenna when the transmitter is on. Always turn off the
power to the PMP 450 unit before undertaking maintenance activities in front of the antenna.
Minimum separation distances
Install the AP/SM so as to provide and maintain the minimum separation distances from all persons.
The minimum separation distances for each frequency variant are specified in Calculated distances and power
compliance margins on page 4-11.
Important regulatory information
The PMP 450 product is certified as an unlicensed device in frequency bands where it is not allowed to cause
interference to licensed services (called primary users of the bands).
Radar avoidance
In countries where radar systems are the primary band users, the regulators have mandated special requirements to
protect these systems from interference caused by unlicensed devices. Unlicensed devices must detect and avoid
co-channel operation with radar systems.
Installers and users must meet all local regulatory requirements for radar detection. To meet these requirements,
users must set the correct Country Code during commissioning of the PMP 450. If this is not done, installers and
users may be liable to civil and criminal penalties.
Contact the Cambium helpdesk if more guidance is required.
USA and Canada specific information
The USA Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has asked manufacturers to implement special features to
prevent interference to radar systems that operate in the 5250-5350 and 5470-5725 MHz bands. These features must
be implemented in all products able to operate outdoors in the UNII band. The use of the 5600 – 5650 MHz band is
prohibited, even with detect-and-avoid functionality implemented.
Manufacturers must ensure that such radio products cannot be configured to operate outside of FCC rules;
specifically it must not be possible to disable or modify the radar protection functions that have been demonstrated
to the FCC.
In order to comply with these FCC requirements, Cambium supplies variants of the PMP 450 for operation in the
USA or Canada. These variants are only allowed to operate with Country Codes that comply with FCC/IC rule.
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Contents
Contents
PMP 450 module essential information ............................................................................................................................... 2
Safety and regulatory information .................................................................................... i
Important safety information ......................................................................................................................................... i
Important regulatory information .................................................................................................................................ii
About This Planning Guide ................................................................................................ x
General information ............................................................................................................................................................ xi
Version information .................................................................................................................................................... xi
Contacting Cambium Networks .................................................................................................................................. xi
Chapter 1: Product description .................................................................................. 1-1
Overview of PMP 450 ......................................................................................................................................................1-2
Purpose ......................................................................................................................................................................1-2
Key features ...............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Typical deployment ...................................................................................................................................................1-3
System components ...................................................................................................................................................1-4
Access Point (AP) .............................................................................................................................................................1-5
Network connection ..................................................................................................................................................1-8
AP power supply .......................................................................................................................................................1-8
Further reading on the AP .........................................................................................................................................1-8
Subscriber Module (SM)...................................................................................................................................................1-9
Mounting brackets ...................................................................................................................................................1-12
Network connection ................................................................................................................................................1-12
SM power supply.....................................................................................................................................................1-12
Further reading on the SM .......................................................................................................................................1-12
Cabling and lightning protection.....................................................................................................................................1-13
PMP and lightning protection ..................................................................................................................................1-13
Outdoor connections................................................................................................................................................1-13
Wireless operation ..........................................................................................................................................................1-14
Time division duplexing ..........................................................................................................................................1-14
OFDM and channel bandwidth ...............................................................................................................................1-14
Link operation – Dynamic Rate Adapt ....................................................................................................................1-15
Adaptive modulation ...............................................................................................................................................1-16
MIMO......................................................................................................................................................................1-17
Cyclic Prefix ............................................................................................................................................................1-17
Encryption ...............................................................................................................................................................1-17
Further reading on wireless operation .....................................................................................................................1-17
System management .......................................................................................................................................................1-18
Management agent ..................................................................................................................................................1-18
Web server...............................................................................................................................................................1-18
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Contents
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) ....................................................................................... 1-21
SNMP ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-21
Network Time Protocol (NTP) ............................................................................................................................... 1-21
Wireless Manager (WM) ........................................................................................................................................ 1-22
Capacity upgrades .................................................................................................................................................. 1-25
Software upgrade .................................................................................................................................................... 1-25
Further reading on system management ................................................................................................................. 1-25
Chapter 2: Planning considerations ........................................................................... 2-1
Regulatory planning ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Obeying Regulatory limits........................................................................................................................................ 2-2
Conforming to the limits........................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Network migration planning ............................................................................................................................................ 2-3
Example PMP 450 deployment scenario .................................................................................................................. 2-3
Sector capacity.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Site planning .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-11
AP or SM site selection .......................................................................................................................................... 2-11
Power supply site selection..................................................................................................................................... 2-11
Maximum cable lengths.......................................................................................................................................... 2-11
Wind loading .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-11
Link planning ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-14
Range and obstacles ............................................................................................................................................... 2-14
Path loss considerations .......................................................................................................................................... 2-16
Calculating maximum power level for connectorized AP units ............................................................................. 2-16
Understanding Attenuation ..................................................................................................................................... 2-17
Calculating Link Loss............................................................................................................................................. 2-17
Calculating Rx Signal Level ................................................................................................................................... 2-17
Calculating Fade Margin ........................................................................................................................................ 2-18
Analyzing the RF Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 2-18
Mapping RF Neighbor Frequencies........................................................................................................................ 2-18
Analyzing the spectrum .......................................................................................................................................... 2-19
Anticipating Reflection of Radio Waves ................................................................................................................ 2-20
Noting Possible Obstructions in the Fresnel Zone.................................................................................................. 2-20
Multiple OFDM Access Point Clusters .................................................................................................................. 2-21
Planning for co-location and using the OFDM Frame Calculator Tool.................................................................. 2-23
Selecting Sites for Network Elements ............................................................................................................................ 2-26
Surveying Sites ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-27
Clearing the Radio Horizon .................................................................................................................................... 2-27
Calculating the Aim Angles ................................................................................................................................... 2-28
Diagramming Network Layouts ..................................................................................................................................... 2-29
Avoiding Self Interference ..................................................................................................................................... 2-29
Avoiding Other Interference ................................................................................................................................... 2-30
Grounding and lightning protection ............................................................................................................................... 2-31
The need for power surge protection ...................................................................................................................... 2-31
Standards ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-31
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Contents
Lightning protection zones ......................................................................................................................................2-32
General protection requirements .............................................................................................................................2-33
Protection requirements for a mast or tower installation .........................................................................................2-35
Protection requirements for a wall installation ........................................................................................................2-36
Protection requirements on a high rise building ......................................................................................................2-37
Configuration options for TDD synchronization ............................................................................................................2-39
GPS synchronization ...............................................................................................................................................2-39
Mounting the GPS receiver (CMM or UGPS) module on the equipment building .................................................2-41
Mounting the GPS receiver (CMM or UGPS) module on a metal tower or mast ...................................................2-41
Data network planning ....................................................................................................................................................2-42
Understanding addresses .........................................................................................................................................2-42
Dynamic or static addressing...................................................................................................................................2-42
DNS Client ..............................................................................................................................................................2-43
Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................................2-43
Developing an IP addressing scheme ......................................................................................................................2-44
Address Resolution Protocol ...................................................................................................................................2-44
Allocating subnets ...................................................................................................................................................2-45
Selecting non-routable IP addresses ........................................................................................................................2-45
Translation bridging ................................................................................................................................................2-45
Engineering VLANs ................................................................................................................................................2-46
Security planning ............................................................................................................................................................2-50
Isolating APs from the Internet ...............................................................................................................................2-50
Managing module access by passwords ..................................................................................................................2-50
Filtering protocols and ports ....................................................................................................................................2-54
Port Lockdown ........................................................................................................................................................2-58
Isolating SMs ...........................................................................................................................................................2-58
Filtering management through Ethernet ..................................................................................................................2-59
Allowing management from only specified IP addresses ........................................................................................2-59
Configuring management IP by DHCP ...................................................................................................................2-59
Planning for airlink security ....................................................................................................................................2-59
Planning for RF Telnet Access Control ...................................................................................................................2-60
Planning for RADIUS integration ...........................................................................................................................2-60
Planning for SNMP security ....................................................................................................................................2-60
Ordering components ......................................................................................................................................................2-61
PMP 450 component part numbers .........................................................................................................................2-61
Chapter 3: Legal information ..................................................................................... 3-1
Cambium Networks end user license agreement ..............................................................................................................3-2
Acceptance of this agreement ....................................................................................................................................3-2
Definitions .................................................................................................................................................................3-2
Grant of license .........................................................................................................................................................3-2
Conditions of use .......................................................................................................................................................3-2
Title and restrictions ..................................................................................................................................................3-3
Confidentiality ...........................................................................................................................................................3-4
Right to use Cambium’s name ..................................................................................................................................3-4
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Contents
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Transfer .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-4
Updates ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-4
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-5
Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-5
Limitation of liability ............................................................................................................................................... 3-5
U.S. government ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Term of license ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Governing law .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Assignment ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Survival of provisions............................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Entire agreement ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-7
Third party software ................................................................................................................................................. 3-7
Hardware warranty........................................................................................................................................................... 3-9
Limit of liability ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-10
Chapter 4: Reference information .............................................................................. 4-1
Equipment specifications ................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
AP specifications ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
SM specifications ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-4
Wireless specifications ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-7
General wireless specifications................................................................................................................................. 4-7
Data network specifications ............................................................................................................................................. 4-8
Ethernet interface...................................................................................................................................................... 4-8
Compliance with safety standards .................................................................................................................................... 4-9
Electrical safety compliance ..................................................................................................................................... 4-9
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance .................................................................................................. 4-9
Human exposure to radio frequency energy ........................................................................................................... 4-10
Compliance with radio regulations ................................................................................................................................ 4-13
Type approvals ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-13
DFS for 5.4 GHz Radios......................................................................................................................................... 4-13
Country Codes and available spectrum .................................................................................................................. 4-16
FCC compliance testing ......................................................................................................................................... 4-23
FCC and ICC IDs and certification numbers .......................................................................................................... 4-23
Notifications ................................................................................................................................................................... 4-26
PMP 450 regulatory compliance ............................................................................................................................ 4-26
Appendix A:
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Glossary ..................................................................................................... I
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Line Of Sight Diagram .............................................................................................................................................1-3
Figure 2 AP, Radio unit ..........................................................................................................................................................1-5
Figure 3 AP, antenna ..............................................................................................................................................................1-5
Figure 4 AP interfaces ............................................................................................................................................................1-6
Figure 5 AP diagnostic LEDs, viewed from unit front ...........................................................................................................1-7
Figure 6 PMP 450 Series SM .................................................................................................................................................1-9
Figure 7 SM interfaces..........................................................................................................................................................1-10
Figure 8 SM diagnostic LEDs, viewed from unit front ........................................................................................................1-11
Figure 9 TDD frame division................................................................................................................................................1-14
Figure 10 AP web-based management screenshot ................................................................................................................1-19
Figure 11 Determinants in Rx signal level ............................................................................................................................2-17
Figure 12 Example layout of 16 Access Point sectors (ABCD), 90 degree sectors ..............................................................2-21
Figure 13 Example layout of 16 Access Point sectors (ABC), 60 degree sectors.................................................................2-22
Figure 14 OFDM Frame Calculator tab ................................................................................................................................2-24
Figure 15 Variables for calculating angle of elevation (and depression) ..............................................................................2-28
Figure 16 Rolling sphere method to determine the lightning protection zones ....................................................................2-32
Figure 17 Grounding cable minimum bend radius and angle ...............................................................................................2-34
Figure 18 Grounding and lightning protection on mast or tower ..........................................................................................2-35
Figure 19 Grounding and lightning protection on wall .........................................................................................................2-36
Figure 20 Grounding and lightning protection on building ..................................................................................................2-37
Figure 21 Grounding and lightning protection inside high building .....................................................................................2-38
Figure 22 One unsynchronized AP in cluster resulting in self-interference .........................................................................2-40
Figure 23 GPS timing throughout the network .....................................................................................................................2-41
Figure 24 Cambium network management domain ..............................................................................................................2-43
Figure 25 Example of IP address in Class B subnet ..............................................................................................................2-45
Figure 26 Categorical protocol filtering ...............................................................................................................................2-56
Figure 27 AP DFS Status ......................................................................................................................................................4-14
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List of Tables
PMP 450 Planning Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 PMP 450 frequency variants ..................................................................................................................................... 1-4
Table 2 AP interface descriptions and cabling....................................................................................................................... 1-7
Table 3 AP LED descriptions ................................................................................................................................................ 1-7
Table 4 SM Interfaces .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-10
Table 5 SM diagnostic LED descriptions ............................................................................................................................ 1-11
Table 6 Link Budget Details – Dynamic Rate Adapt .......................................................................................................... 1-15
Table 7 Deployment scenario terminology descriptions ........................................................................................................ 2-3
Table 8 Examples of aggregate sector throughput – various air interfaces ............................................................................ 2-5
Table 9 Deployment scenario 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 2-6
Table 10 Scenario 1 spectrum usage ...................................................................................................................................... 2-7
Table 11 Deployment scenario 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 2-9
Table 12 Deployment scenario 2 spectrum usage ................................................................................................................ 2-10
Table 13 Lateral force - metric ............................................................................................................................................ 2-12
Table 14 Lateral force - US ................................................................................................................................................. 2-12
Table 15 Link budget details – PMP 450 link, 20 MHz Channel Bandwidth ....................................................................... 2-14
Table 16 Link budget details – PMP 450 link, 10 MHz Channel Bandwidth ....................................................................... 2-15
Table 17 Example 5.8-GHz OFDM channel assignment by sector ..................................................................................... 2-21
Table 18 Example 5.8-GHz OFDM channel assignment by sector ..................................................................................... 2-22
Table 19 OFDM Frame Calculator tab attributes ................................................................................................................ 2-24
Table 20 OFDM Calculated Frame Results attributes ......................................................................................................... 2-25
Table 21 Special case VLAN IDs ........................................................................................................................................ 2-47
Table 22 VLAN filters in point-to-multipoint modules ....................................................................................................... 2-47
Table 23 Q-in-Q Ethernet frame .......................................................................................................................................... 2-48
Table 24 Identity-based user account permissions - AP ...................................................................................................... 2-51
Table 25 Identity-based user account permissions - SM...................................................................................................... 2-53
Table 26 Ports filtered per protocol selections ..................................................................................................................... 2-57
Table 27 Device default port numbers ................................................................................................................................. 2-58
Table 28 PMP 450 components ........................................................................................................................................... 2-61
Table 29 Connectorized AP physical specifications ............................................................................................................... 4-2
Table 30 SM physical specifications ...................................................................................................................................... 4-4
Table 31 PMP 450 wireless specifications ............................................................................................................................ 4-7
Table 32 PMP 450 Ethernet bridging specifications.............................................................................................................. 4-8
Table 33 PMP 450 safety compliance specifications ............................................................................................................. 4-9
Table 34 EMC emissions compliance .................................................................................................................................... 4-9
Table 35 Power Compliance Margins .................................................................................................................................. 4-12
Table 36 Radio certifications ............................................................................................................................................... 4-13
Table 37 OFDM DFS operation based on Country Code setting......................................................................................... 4-15
Table 38 Center channel details based on Country Code setting ......................................................................................... 4-16
Table 39 Default combined transmit power per Country Code – 5.4-GHz band ................................................................ 4-19
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
List of Tables
Table 40 Default combined transmit power per Country Code – 5.8-GHz band .................................................................4-20
Table 41 US FCC IDs and Industry Canada Certification Numbers and Covered Configurations ......................................4-23
Table 42 Glossary ...................................................................................................................................................................... I
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
About This Planning Guide
About This Planning Guide
This guide describes the planning of the Cambium PMP 450 Series of point-to-multipoint wireless equipment
deployment. It is intended for use by the system designer.
The guide consists of the following chapters:
•
Chapter 1: Product description on page on page 1-1
•
Chapter 2: Planning considerations on page 2-1
•
Chapter 3: Legal information on page 3-1
•
Chapter 4: Reference information on page 4-1
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
General information
PMP 450 Planning Guide
General information
Version information
The following shows the issue status of this document since it was first released:
Issue
Date of issue
Remarks
001v000
September 2012
System Release 12.0
002v000
October 2012
Includes additional co-location information
003v000
November 2012
Updated for System Release 12.0.1
004v000
December 2012
Updated for System Release 12.0.2
Contacting Cambium Networks
PMP support website: http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support
Cambium main website: http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/
Sales enquiries: solutions@cambiumnetworks.com
Email support: support@cambiumnetworks.com
Telephone numbers:
For full list of Cambium support telephone numbers, see:
http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support/technical.php
Address:
Cambium Networks
3800 Golf Road, Suite 360
Rolling Meadows, IL 60008
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
About This Planning Guide
Purpose
Cambium Networks Point-To-Multipoint (PMP) documents are intended to instruct and assist personnel in the
operation, installation and maintenance of the Cambium PMP equipment and ancillary devices. It is recommended
that all personnel engaged in such activities be properly trained.
Cambium disclaims all liability whatsoever, implied or express, for any risk of damage, loss or reduction in system
performance arising directly or indirectly out of the failure of the customer, or anyone acting on the customer's
behalf, to abide by the instructions, system parameters, or recommendations made in this document.
Cross references
References to external publications are shown in italics. Other cross references, emphasized in blue text in
electronic versions, are active links to the references.
This document is divided into numbered chapters that are divided into sections. Sections are not numbered, but are
individually named at the top of each page, and are listed in the table of contents.
Feedback
We appreciate feedback from the users of our documents. This includes feedback on the structure, content,
accuracy, or completeness of our documents. Send feedback to email support (see ‘Contacting Cambium
Networks’).
xii
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Problems and warranty
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Problems and warranty
Reporting problems
If any problems are encountered when installing or operating this equipment, follow this procedure to investigate
and report:
Search this document and the software release notes of supported releases.
Visit the support website. http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support/pmp/software/index.php
Ask for assistance from the Cambium product supplier.
Gather information from affected units such as:
•
The IP addresses and MAC addresses.
•
The software releases.
•
The configuration of software features.
•
Any available diagnostic downloads.
•
CNUT Support Capture Tool information
Escalate the problem by emailing or telephoning support.
See ‘Contacting Cambium Networks’ for URLs, email addresses and telephone numbers.
Repair and service
If unit failure is suspected, obtain details of the Return Material Authorization (RMA) process from the support
website.
Warranty
Cambium’s standard hardware warranty is for one (1) year from date of shipment from Cambium or a Cambium
distributor. Cambium warrants that hardware will conform to the relevant published specifications and will be free
from material defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. Cambium shall within this time,
at its own option, either repair or replace the defective product within thirty (30) days of receipt of the defective
product. Repaired or replaced product will be subject to the original warranty period but not less than thirty (30)
days.
To register PMP products or activate warranties, visit the support website.
Extended warranties are available for PMP products. For warranty assistance, contact the reseller or distributor.
Using non-Cambium parts for repair could damage the equipment or void warranty. Contact Cambium for service
and repair instructions.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
About This Planning Guide
Portions of Cambium equipment may be damaged from exposure to electrostatic discharge. Use precautions to
prevent damage.
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Security advice
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Security advice
Cambium Networks systems and equipment provide security parameters that can be configured by the operator
based on their particular operating environment. Cambium recommends setting and using these parameters
following industry recognized security practices. Security aspects to be considered are protecting the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and assets. Assets include the ability to communicate,
information about the nature of the communications, and information about the parties involved.
In certain instances Cambium makes specific recommendations regarding security practices, however the
implementation of these recommendations and final responsibility for the security of the system lies with the
operator of the system.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
About This Planning Guide
Warnings, cautions, and notes
The following describes how warnings and cautions are used in this document and in all documents of the
Cambium Networks document set.
Warnings
Warnings precede instructions that contain potentially hazardous situations. Warnings are used to alert the reader to
possible hazards that could cause loss of life or physical injury. A warning has the following format:
Warning text and consequence for not following the instructions in the warning.
Cautions
Cautions precede instructions and are used when there is a possibility of damage to systems, software, or individual
items of equipment within a system. However, this damage presents no danger to personnel. A caution has the
following format:
Caution text and consequence for not following the instructions in the caution.
Notes
A note means that there is a possibility of an undesirable situation or provides additional information to help the
reader understand a topic or concept. A note has the following format:
Note text.
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Product description
Chapter 1: Product description
This chapter provides a high level description of the PMP 450 product. It describes in general terms the function of
the product, the main product variants and typical deployment. It also describes the main hardware components.
The chapter consists of the following topics:
•
Overview of PMP 450 on page 1-2: Introduces the key features, typical uses, product variants and components
of the PMP 450.
•
Access Point (AP) on page 1-5: Describes the AP and its interfaces
•
Subscriber Module (SM) on page 1-9: Describes the SM and its interfaces
•
Cabling and lightning protection on page 1-13: Describes the cabling and lightning protection components of a
PMP 450 installation.
•
Wireless operation on page 1-14: Describes how the PMP 450 wireless link is operated, including modulation
modes, power control and security.
•
System management on page 1-18: Introduces the PMP 450 management system, including the web interface,
installation, configuration, alerts and upgrades.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-1
Overview of PMP 450
Product description
Overview of PMP 450
This section introduces the key features, typical uses, product variants and components of the PMP 450.
Purpose
Cambium PMP 450 Series networks are designed for wireless point-to-multipoint links in the unlicensed 5.8 GHz
and 5.4 GHz bands. Users must ensure that the PMP 450 Series complies with local operating regulations.
The PMP 450 Series adds dramatically increased network throughput and capacity. The PMP 450 Series enables
network operators to grow their business by offering more capacity for data, voice and video applications.
An upcoming release of the PMP 450 Series Access Point will support simultaneous communication with PMP 100
series FSK and PMP 430 series OFDM subscriber modules (PMP 450 AP “Combo Mode”).
Key features
The Cambium PMP 450 Series offers the following benefits:
•
Cambium’s highest performing point-to-multipoint solution, with up to 90 Mbps usable throughput
•
State-of-the-art MIMO (Multi-In Multi-Out) technology
•
Better spectral efficiency than other MIMO alternatives
•
Efficient GPS synchronized, scheduled TDD operation for easy Access Point site deployment and performance
that is consistent regardless of subscriber loading
•
A range of cost-effective subscriber device solutions to meet the business case of any network application
•
MIMO Matrix B: This technique provides for the ability to double the throughput of a radio transmission under
proper RF conditions. Different data streams are transmitted simultaneously on two different antennas.
nLOS benefits and limitations
In addition to providing LOS (Line-Of-Sight) connectivity, use of OFDM technology can provide nLOS (near LineOf-Sight) connectivity and sometimes NLOS (Non-Line-Of-Sight) connectivity:
1-2
•
LOS: the installer can see the AP from the SM and the first Fresnel zone is clear.
•
nLOS: the installer can see the AP from the SM, but a portion of the first Fresnel zone is blocked.
•
NLOS: the installer cannot see the AP from the SM and a portion or even much of the first Fresnel zone is
blocked, but subsequent Fresnel zones are open.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Overview of PMP 450
Figure 1 Line Of Sight Diagram
Whereas multi-pathing degrades a link in some technologies (FSK, for example), OFDM can often use multipathing to an advantage to overcome nLOS, especially in cases where the Fresnel zone is only partially blocked by
buildings, “urban canyons”, or foliage. OFDM tends to help especially when obstacles are near the middle of the
link, and less so when the obstacles are very near the SM or AP.
However, attenuation through walls and trees is substantial for any use of the 5.4/5.8 GHz frequency bands. Even
with OFDM, these products should not be expected to penetrate walls or extensive trees and foliage.
Typical deployment
The PMP 450 Series consists of Access Point Modules and Subscriber Modules. The radio link operates on a single
frequency channel in each direction using Time Division Duplex (TDD).
Applications for the PMP 450 Series include:
•
High throughput enterprise applications
•
nLOS video surveillance in metro areas
•
Urban area network extension
•
Network extension into areas with foliage
Greenfield deployment
The PMP 450 Series equipment may be deployed as a standalone network deployment offering a high-speed access
network.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
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Overview of PMP 450
Product description
System components
PMP 450 Access Point
•
Access Point Module (AP): A connectorized outdoor transceiver unit containing all the radio, networking,
antenna, and surge suppression electronics.
•
Access Point Power Supply: An indoor power supply module providing Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) supply to
the Access Point.
•
Cabling: Cat 5e cables, grounding cables, and connectors.
PMP 450 Subscriber Module
•
Subscriber Module (SM): An integrated-antenna outdoor transceiver unit containing all the radio, antenna,
and networking electronics.
•
Subscriber Module Power Supply: An indoor power supply module providing Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
supply to the Subscriber Module.
•
Cabling and lightning protection: Cat 5e cables, grounding cables, connectors and lightning protection (surge
suppression).
Product variants
The PMP 450 Series is available in the following product variants:
Table 1 PMP 450 frequency variants
1-4
Variant
Region
Frequency
Coverage
(MHz)
Channel
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Variant
Notes
5.4/5.8GHz
PMP 450
FCC UNII Band
5470 - 5875
10/20
Combined
Transmit power
limited based on
Country Code
setting
5.8-GHz
PMP 450
(US
ONLY)
FCC ISM Band
5725 - 5875
10/20
US Only –
locked to US
Country Code
EIRP limit of 36
dBm and 5.8GHz Only
ETSI Band B
ETSI Band C
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Access Point (AP)
Access Point (AP)
The AP is a self-contained unit that houses both radio and networking electronics. The AP is supplied in a
connectorized configuration for use with an external antenna. Connectorized units with external antennas can cope
with more difficult radio conditions.
Figure 2 AP, Radio unit
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
Figure 3 AP, antenna
1-5
Access Point (AP)
Product description
AP interfaces
The AP interfaces are illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 4 AP interfaces
RF Port – Horizontal
RF Port
–
Vertical
AP Ground Lug
1-6
Sync /
Default
Ethernet
RF Port
– FSK
(Combo
mode future)
Equilibrium
Membrane
Vent (do not
cover)
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Access Point (AP)
Table 2 AP interface descriptions and cabling
Interface
Function
Cabling
RF Port – Vertical
Vertical RF connection to AP antenna
50 ohm RF cable, N-type
RF Port – Horizontal
Horizontal RF connection to AP
antenna
50 ohm RF cable, N-type
GPS synchronization signaling,
provides power to uGPS module.
Default plug port.
RJ11 cable or default plug
Power-over-Ethernet, Ethernet
communications (management
and data)
RJ45 cable
Power-over-Ethernet, Ethernet
communications (management
and data)
RF Port – FSK
For future use in “Combo” mode
50 ohm RF cable, N-type
Ground Lug (bottom of unit)
For grounding the unit
10 AWG copper wire
Sync/Default
AP diagnostic LEDs
The diagnostic LEDs report the following information about the status of the module.
The LED color helps you distinguish position of the LED. The LED color does not indicate any status.
Figure 5 AP diagnostic LEDs, viewed from unit front
PWR
SYN/1
SES/2
GPS/3
ACT/4
LNK/5
Table 3 AP LED descriptions
LED
Color when active
Status
information
provided
PWR
red
DC power
Always lit when power is
correctly supplied.
SYN/1
yellow
Presence of sync
Always lit on the AP.
SES/2
green
Unused on the AP
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
Notes
1-7
Access Point (AP)
Product description
LED
Color when active
Status
information
provided
GPS/3
red
Pulse of sync
ACT/4
LNK/5
yellow
green
Notes
Continuously lit as pulse as
AP receives pulse.
Presence of data
Flashes during data transfer.
activity
Frequency of flash is not a
on the Ethernet link
diagnostic indication.
Ethernet link
Continuously lit when link is
present.
Network connection
The network connection to a PMP 450 Series AP is made via a 100BaseT Ethernet connection. Power is provided
to the AP over the Ethernet connection using a patented non-standard powering technique.
AP power supply
The AP power supply generates the AP supply voltage (29 VDC) from the external DC source and injects the
supply voltage into the AP.
The power supply is connected to the AP and network equipment using Cat5e cable with RJ45 connectors. Refer to
Cabling and lightning protection on page 1-13.
Further reading on the AP
For more information on the AP, refer to the following:
•
1-8
AP or SM site selection on page 2-11 describes how to select a site for the AP or SM.
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Subscriber Module (SM)
Subscriber Module (SM)
The SM is a self-contained unit that houses both radio and networking electronics. The SM is supplied in an
integrated antenna configuration, but may also be used with a passive reflector dish or LENS.
Figure 6 PMP 450 Series SM
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1-9
Subscriber Module (SM)
Product description
SM interfaces
Figure 7 SM interfaces
Sync /
Default
Ethernet
Ground
Lug
Table 4 SM Interfaces
1-10
Interface
Function
Cabling
Ethernet
Power-over-Ethernet, Ethernet
communications (management and data)
RJ45 Cable
Sync / Default
GPS synchronization signaling, provides
power to uGPS module. Default plug port.
RJ11 cable, default plug
Ground Lug (bottom of unit)
For grounding the unit
10 AWG copper wire
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Subscriber Module (SM)
SM diagnostic LEDs
The diagnostic LEDs report the following information about the status of the module. The SM LEDs provide
different status based on the mode of the SM. An SM in “operating” mode will register and pass traffic normally.
An SM in “aiming” mode will not register or pass traffic, but will display (via LED panel) the strength of received
radio signals (based on radio channel selected via Tools, Alignment).
The LED color helps you distinguish position of the LED. The LED color does not indicate any status.
Figure 8 SM diagnostic LEDs, viewed from unit front
SM LED Display
LED Labels
LNK/5
ACT/4
GPS/3
SES/2
SYN/1
PWR
Table 5 SM diagnostic LED descriptions
Status information provided
LED
LNK/5
ACT/4
Color
when
active
SM in
“Operating”
green
Ethernet link
yellow
SM in “Aiming”
Mode
Notes
Mode
Presence of data activity
on the Ethernet link
GPS/3
red
Interference
SES/2
green
Strong Receive Signal
Power
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
These five LEDs act
as a bar graph to
indicate the relative
quality of alignment.
As power level
improves during
alignment, more of
these LEDs are lit.
Continuously lit when link is
present.
Flashes during data transfer.
Frequency of flash is not a
diagnostic indication.
On - high interference.
Blinking - medium interference.
Off - low interference.
Blinking from slow to full-on to
indicate strong power, getting
stronger.
1-11
Subscriber Module (SM)
Product description
Status information provided
LED
Color
when
active
SYN/1
yellow
PWR
red
SM in
“Operating”
SM in “Aiming”
Mode
Notes
Mode
Medium Receive
Signal Power
Blinking from slow to full-on to
indicate medium power, getting
stronger.
Registration Indicator
Off when registered to AP.
On when not registered to AP.
Mounting brackets
For mounting PMP 450 SMs, Cambium Networks offers the SMMB1A mounting bracket.
Network connection
The network connection to a PMP 450 Series SM is made via a 100 BaseT Ethernet connection. Power is provided
to the SM over the Ethernet connection using a patented non-standard powering technique.
SM power supply
The SM power supply generates the SM supply voltage (29 VDC) from the external DC source and injects the
supply voltage into the SM.
The power supply is connected to the SM and network equipment using Cat5e cable with RJ45 connectors. Refer
to Cabling and lightning protection on page 1-13.
Further reading on the SM
For more information on the SM, refer to the following:
•
1-12
AP or SM site selection on page 2-11 describes how to select a site for the SM.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Cabling and lightning protection
Cabling and lightning protection
This section describes the cabling and lightning protection components of a PMP 450 installation.
PMP and lightning protection
Due to the full metallic connection to the tower or support structure through the AP antenna, grounding the AP and
installing a 600SS surge suppressor at the Ethernet cable building ingress is strongly recommended. This
suppresses overvoltages and overcurrents such as those caused by near-miss lightning. APs provide a grounding
lug for grounding to the tower or support structure.
The PMP 450 Series is not designed to survive direct lightning strikes. For this reason the unit should not be
installed as the highest point in a localized area.
Outdoor connections
The term ‘drop cable’ refers to the cable that is used for all connections that terminate outside the building, for
example, connections between the AP/SM, surge supressors (if installed), GPS receivers (if installed) and the power
supply injector.
The following practices are essential to the reliability and longevity of cabled connections:
•
Use only shielded cables and connectors to resist interference and corrosion
•
For vertical runs, provide cable support and strain relief
•
Include a 2 ft (0.6 m) service loop on each end of the cable to allow for thermal expansion and contraction and
to facilitate terminating the cable again when needed
•
Include a drip loop to shed water so that most of the water does not reach the connector at the device
•
Properly crimp all connectors
•
Use dielectric grease on all connectors to resist corrosion
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Wireless operation
Product description
Wireless operation
This section describes how the PMP 450 wireless link is operated, including modulation modes, power control and
security.
Time division duplexing
The system uses Time Division Duplexing (TDD) – one channel alternately transmits and receives rather than using
one channel for transmitting and a second channel for receiving. To accomplish TDD, the AP must provide sync to
its SMs. Furthermore, collocated APs must be synced together – an unsynchronized AP that transmits during the
receive cycle of a collocated AP can prevent a second AP from being able to decode the signals from its SMs. In
addition, across a geographical area, APs that can “hear” each other benefit from using a common sync to further
reduce self interference within the network.
Modules use TDD on a common frequency to divide frames for uplink (orange) and downlink (green) usage, as
shown in Figure 9.
For more information on synchronization configuration options, see section Planning for co-location and using the
OFDM Frame Calculator Tool on page 2-23.
Figure 9 TDD frame division
Time
OFDM and channel bandwidth
The PMP 450 Series transmits using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The channel
bandwidth of the OFDM signal may be configured to 10 MHz or 20 MHz.
1-14
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Wireless operation
Link operation – Dynamic Rate Adapt
PMP 450 Series products offer four levels or speeds of operation – 1x (QPSK), 2x (QPSK-MIMO-B), 4x (16QAMMIMO-B), and 6X (64QAM-MIMO-B). If received power is less due to distance between the AP and the SM or
due to obstructions, or if interference affects the RF environment, the system will automatically and dynamically
adjust links to the best operation level.
The system chooses its operation rate dynamically, based on an internal ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) error
control method. With ARQ, every data slot of every frame sent over the air (except downlink broadcast) is expected
to be acknowledged by the receiver, and if acknowledgement is not received, the data is resent. The sending unit
monitors these resends, and adjusts the operation rate accordingly. A normal system may have links that change
levels of operation as the RF environment changes. Furthermore, the links operate independently; normal operation
can have a downlink running at 6X while the uplink RF environment only supports 2x.
Optimal sector utilization involves having as many links as possible running at 6x. This provides as much capacity
as possible for the sector.
Table 6 Link Budget Details – Dynamic Rate Adapt
Product
Performance Details
Parameter
2x
4x
6x
QPSK-MIMO
16-QAMMIMO
64-QAMMIMO
with Integrated SM
antenna
6.7 mi / 10.9
km
2.7 mi / 4.3
km
1 mi / 1.7 km
with LENS that adds
5.5 dB to SM Range
12.7 mi / 20.5
km
5 mi / 8.1 km
2 mi / 3.2 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM
Range
34 mi / 54.7 km
13.5 mi / 21.7
km
5.3 mi / 8.6 km
with Integrated SM
antenna
9.5 mi / 15.4
km
3.8 mi / 6.1
km
1.5 mi / 2.4 km
with LENS that adds
5.5 dB to SM Range
18 mi / 29 km
7.1 mi / 11.5
km
2.8 mi / 4.6 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM
Range
40 mi / 64.3 km
19.1 mi / 30.7
km
7.6 mi / 12.2
km
20 MHz Channel:
(up+down)
30 Mbps
60 Mbps
98 Mbps
Modulation
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. LOS
Link Budget
(no fade
margin) – 20
MHz channel
bandwidth
PMP 450
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. LOS
Link Budget
(no fade
margin) – 10
MHz channel
bandwidth
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max.
Aggregate
Throughput
with 1/16
Cyclic Prefix
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-15
Wireless operation
Product description
to 1 SM
(75%/25%
DL/UL Ratio)
– RF Link Test
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max.
Aggregate
Throughput
with 1/16
Cyclic Prefix
to 1 SM
(75%/25%
DL/UL Ratio)
– RF Link Test
5.4/5.8-GHz
Nominal
Combined
Receive
Sensitivity
(including
FEC) *
Link Budget
(dB)
Margin to
Registration
Sensitivity
(dB)
10 MHz Channel:
13 Mbps
26 Mbps
39 Mbps
20 MHz Channel
-80 dBm
-73 dBm
-66 dBm
10 MHz Channel
-83 dBm
-76 dBm
-69 dBm
20 MHz Channel
128.5
120.5
112.5
10 MHz Channel
131.5
123.5
115.5
10/20 MHz Channel
10
18
(up+down)
Adaptive modulation
PMP 450 units can transport data over the wireless link using a number of different modulation modes. The radio
automatically selects QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), or 64QAM based on the RF environment to provide 2x, 4x, and 6x operation.
PMP 450 devices include two antennas, vertical and horizontal. Listed receive sensitivity corresponds to the combined
horizontal and vertical receive powers. The PMP 450 management interface displays receive power level readings as a
combination of the vertical and horizontal power levels.
1-16
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Wireless operation
MIMO
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques provide protection against fading and increase the probability
that the receiver will decode a usable signal. When the effects of MIMO are combined with those of OFDM
techniques and a high link budget, there is a high probability of a robust connection over a non-line-of-sight path.
The sub-feature that comprises the MIMO technique utilized in the PMP 450 product is:
•
Matrix B: This technique provides for the ability to double the throughput of a radio transmission under proper
RF conditions. Different data streams are transmitted simultaneously on two different antennas.
Cyclic Prefix
OFDM technology uses a cyclic prefix, where a portion of the end of a symbol (slot) is repeated at the beginning of
the symbol (slot) to allow multi-pathing to settle before receiving the desired data. A 1/16 cyclic prefix means that
for every 16 bits of throughput data transmitted, an additional bit is used.
Encryption
The Cambium PMP 450 Series supports optional encryption for data transmitted over the wireless link. The PMP
450 Series supports the following forms of encryption for security of the wireless link:
•
DES (Data Encryption Standard): An over-the-air link encryption option that uses secret 56-bit keys and 8
parity bits. DES performs a series of bit permutations, substitutions, and recombination operations on blocks of
data. DES encryption does not affect the performance or throughput of the system.
•
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): An over-the-air link encryption option that uses the Rijndael
algorithm and 128-bit keys to establish a higher level of security than DES. AES products are certified as
compliant with the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS 197) in the U.S.A.
Further reading on wireless operation
For information on planning wireless operation, refer to the following:
•
Regulatory planning on page 2-2 describes the regulatory restrictions that affect radio spectrum usage, such as
frequency range.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-17
System management
Product description
System management
This section introduces the PMP 450 management system, including the web interface, installation, configuration,
alerts and upgrades, and management software.
Management agent
PMP 450 equipment is managed through an embedded management agent. Management workstations, network
management systems or PCs can be connected to this agent using the module’s Ethernet port or over-the air (SM).
The management agent supports the following interfaces:
•
Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP)
•
RADIUS authentication
•
Simple network management protocol (SNMP)
•
Network time protocol (NTP)
•
System logging (Syslog)
•
Wireless Manager (WM) software
•
Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT) software
Web server
The PMP 450 management agent contains a web server. The web server supports access via the HTTP interface..
Web-based management offers a convenient way to manage the PMP 450 equipment from a locally connected
computer or from a network management workstation connected through a management network, without requiring
any special management software. The web-based interfaces are the only interfaces supported for installation of
PMP 450, and for the majority of PMP 450 configuration management tasks.
1-18
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
System management
Figure 10 AP web-based management screenshot
Web pages
The web-based management interfaces provide comprehensive web-based fault, configuration, performance and
security management functions organized into the following web-pages and groups:
Access Point web-pages:
•
Home: The Home web-page reports the general device status, session status, remote subscriber status, event
log information, network interface status, and layer 2 neighbor information.
•
Configuration: The Configuration web-page may be utilized for configuring general device parameters, as
well as IP, radio, SNMP, Quality of Service (QoS), security, time, VLAN, DiffServ, protocol filtering, and unit
settings.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-19
System management
Product description
•
Statistics: The Statistics web-page reports detailed operating statistics for the scheduler, SM registration
failures, bridge control block, bridging table, Ethernet, radio, VLAN, data VC, throughput, filter, ARP,
overload, DHCP relay, pass through, and DNS.
•
Tools: The Tools web-page offers useful tools for device installation, configuration, and operation including
link capacity test, frame calculator, subscriber configuration, link status, remote spectrum analyzer, sessions,
and DNS test.
•
Logs: The Logs web-page displays logs related to device operation including AP sessions, AP authentication
state machine, AP authorization state machine, and EAP Radius.
•
Accounts: These web-pages are used to configure device user accounts.
•
Quick Start: The Quick Start web-page provides a walkthrough of configuring radio parameters for initial
operation.
•
Copyright: The Copyright web-page displays pertinent device copyright information.
Subscriber Module web-pages:
•
Home: The Home web-page reports the general device status, event log information, network interface status,
and layer 2 neighbor information.
•
Configuration: The Configuration web-page may be utilized for configuring general device parameters, as
well as IP, radio, SNMP, Quality of Service (QoS), security, VLAN, DiffServ, protocol filtering, NAT, PPPoE,
NAT port mapping, and unit settings.
•
Statistics: The Statistics web-page reports detailed operating statistics for the scheduler, bridge control block,
bridging table, translation table, Ethernet, radio, VLAN, data VC, filter, NAT, NAT DHCP, ARP, overload,
PPPoE, peer information, and DNS.
•
Tools: The Tools web-page offers useful tools for device installation, configuration, and operation including a
spectrum analyzer, alignment configuration and tool, link capacity test, AP evaluation, frame calculator, BER
results, link status, and DNS test.
•
Logs: The Logs web-page displays logs related to device operation including the NAT table, SM session, SM
authentication, SM authorization, PPPoE session, and EAP Radius.
•
Accounts: These web-pages are used to configure device user accounts.
•
PDA: The PDA web-page includes 320 x 240 pixel formatted displays of information important to installation
and alignment for installers using legacy PDA devices. All device web pages are compatible with touch
devices such as smart phones and tablets.
•
Copyright: The Copyright web-page displays pertinent device copyright information.
Identity-based user accounts
When identity-based user accounts are configured, a security officer can define from one to four user accounts, each
of which may have one of the four possible roles:
1-20
•
ADMINISTRATOR, who has full read and write permissions. This is the level of the root and admin users,
as well as any other administrator accounts that one of them creates.
•
INSTALLER, who has permissions identical to those of ADMINISTRATOR except that the installer cannot
add or delete users or change the password of any other user.
•
TECHNICIAN, who has permissions to modify basic radio parameters and view informational web pages
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
•
System management
GUEST, who has no write permissions and only a limited view of General Status tab
See Table 24 Identity-based user account permissions - AP on page 2-51 and Table 25 Identity-based user account
permissions - SM on page 2-53 for detailed information on account permissions.
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)
The PMP 450 system includes support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) protocol
functionality including:
•
Authentication: Allows only known SMs onto the network (blocking “rogue” SMs), and can be configured to
ensure SMs are connecting to a known network (preventing SMs from connecting to “rogue” APs). RADIUS
authentication is used for SMs, but not used for APs.
•
SM Configuration: Configures authenticated SMs with MIR (Maximum Information Rate), High Priority, and
VLAN (Virtual LAN) parameters from the RADIUS server when an SM registers to an AP.
•
SM Accounting provides support for RADIUS accounting messages for usage-based billing. This accounting
includes indications for subscriber session establishment, subscriber session disconnection, and bandwidth
usage per session for each SM that connects to the AP.
•
Centralized AP and SM user name and password management: Allows AP and SM usernames and access
levels (Administrator, Installer, Technician) to be centrally administered in the RADIUS server instead of on
each radio and tracks access events (logon/logoff) for each username on the RADIUS server. This accounting
does not track and report specific configuration actions performed on radios or pull statistics such as bit counts
from the radios. Such functions require an Element Management System (EMS) such as Cambium Wireless
Manager. This accounting is not the ability to perform accounting functions on the subscriber/end
user/customer account.
•
Framed-IP-Address: Operators may use a RADIUS server to assign management IP addressing to SM
modules.
SNMP
The management agent supports fault and performance management by means of an SNMP interface. The
management agent is compatible with SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c using 5 Management Information Base (MIB) files
which are available for download from the Cambium Networks Support website
(http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support/pmp/software/).
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
The clock supplies accurate date and time information to the system. It can be set to run with or without a
connection to a network time server (NTP). It can be configured to display local time by setting the time zone and
daylight saving in the Time web page.
If an NTP server connection is available, the clock can be set to synchronize with the server time at regular
intervals.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-21
System management
Product description
PMP 450 devices may receive NTP data from a CMM3 or CMM4 module, or from an NTP server configured in the
system’s management network.
The Time Zone option is configurable on the AP’s Time Configuration page, and may be used to offset the received
NTP time to match the operator’s local time zone. When set on the AP, the offset will be set for the entire sector
(SMs will be notified of the current Time Zone upon initial registration). If a Time Zone change is applied, the
SMs will be notified of the change in a best effort fashion, meaning some SMs may not pick up the change until the
next re-registration. Time Zone changes are noted in the Event Log of the AP and SM.
Wireless Manager (WM)
Cambium Networks Wireless Manager 4.0 is recommended for managing PMP 450 networks. You can achieve
better uptime through better visibility of your network with the Cambium Wireless Manager. This network
management software tool offers breakthrough map-based visualization capabilities using embedded Google maps,
and combined with advanced configuration, provisioning, alerting and reporting features you can control your entire
outdoor wireless network including Mesh Wide Area Network, and Point-to-Multipoint and Point-to-Point solutions
as well as other SNMP enabled devices. With its powerful user interface you will not only be able to control your
network's access, distribution and backhaul layers, but you will also have visibility to WLAN sites and be able to
quickly launch indoor network management systems.
Some key features of Wireless Manager are:
•
1-22
Template-Based Configuration: With Wireless Manager's user-defined templates you can accelerate the
process for the configuration of the devices you add to your network resulting in quicker and easier
deployments. The template-based functionality provides an automated way to configure large numbers of
network devices with just a few mouse clicks, and can be scheduled to occur at any time via Wireless
Manager's Task Scheduler.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
System management
•
Ultralight Thin Client: With the growing mobile workforce it is important to have access to the status of your
network at any time. With Wireless Manager you can view the status and performance of your entire wireless
network via a compact web interface accessible by your smart phone.
•
Map-Based Visualization: Wireless Manager overlays sophisticated real-time information about your network
elements onto building layouts and dynamic Google maps. Visuals can be scaled to view an entire city or
building or a specific area, floor or link.
•
High Availability Architecture Support: Wireless Manager offers a high availability option, providing a
highly reliable and redundant network management solution that ensures you always have management access
to your network.
•
High Scalability: The enhanced Wireless Manager offers you server scalability with support for up to 10,000
nodes as well as support for distributed server architecture.
Cambium’s Wireless Manager 4.0 available for download at: http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support under
“Management Tools”.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-23
System management
Product description
Canopy Network Updater Tool (CNUT)
CNUT 4.1 (Canopy Network Updater Tool) is the stand-alone software update tool for PMP 450 Series products.
The Canopy Network Updater Tool:
•
automatically discovers all network elements
•
executes a UDP command that initiates and terminates the Autoupdate mode within APs. This command is
both secure and convenient:
o For security, the AP accepts this command from only the IP address that you specify in the Configuration
page of the AP.
o For convenience, Network Updater automatically sets this Configuration parameter in the APs to the IP
address of the Network Updater server when the server performs any of the update commands.
•
allows you to choose among updating
o your entire network.
o only elements that you select.
o only network branches that you select.
•
provides a Script Engine that you can use with any script that
o you define.
o Cambium supplies.
CNUT is available at http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support/planning/index.php?cat=3&type=1
1-24
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
System management
Capacity upgrades
Capacity upgrades are supplied as an access key purchased from your Cambium Point-to-Multipoint distributor or
solutions provider. The upgrade is applied by entering the supplied URL in a PMP 450 module-connected web
browser address bar.
Software upgrade
CNUT (Canopy Network Updater Tool) is the stand-alone software update tool for PMP 450 Series products.
CNUT is available at http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/support/planning/index.php?cat=3&type=1
Further reading on system management
For more information on system management, refer to the following:
•
Security planning on page 2-50 describes how to plan for PMP 450 links to operate in secure modes.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
1-25
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Planning considerations
Chapter 2: Planning considerations
This chapter provides information to help the user to plan a PMP 450 network.
The following topics are described in this chapter:
•
Regulatory planning on page 2-2 describes how to plan PMP 450 links to conform to the regulatory restrictions
that apply in the country of operation.
•
Network migration planning on page 2-3 presents migration scenarios to aid in planning a network deployment
•
Site planning on page 2-11 describes factors to be considered when choosing sites for the equipment
•
Link planning on page 2-11 describes factors to be taken into account when planning links, such as range, path
loss and throughput.
•
Analyzing the RF Environment on page 2-18 describes how to map RF neighbor frequencies, anticipate
reflection, assess RF obstructions in the Fresnel Zone, and plan channel usage.
•
Selecting Sites for Network Elements on page 2-26 describes how to survey sites, find expected coverage
areas, clear the radio horizon, and calculate aim angles.
•
Diagramming Network Layouts on page 2-29 includes tips on how to avoid self interference as well as
interference from external sources.
•
Grounding and lightning protection on page 2-31 discusses wiring standards, the need for surge protection,
lightning protection zones, and general protection requirements.
•
Configuration options for TDD synchronization on page 2-39 covers the importance of GPS synchronization as
well as planning for installation
•
Data network planning on page 2-42 discusses IP networking and other networking features provided with the
PMP 450 product
•
Security planning on page 2-50 can be referenced for information regarding security features of the product.
Regulatory planning
Planning considerations
Regulatory planning
This section describes how to plan PMP 450 links to conform to the regulatory restrictions that apply in the country
of operation.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the PMP product is operated in accordance with local regulatory
limits.
Contact the applicable radio regulator to find out whether or not registration of the PMP network is required.
Obeying Regulatory limits
The local regulator may restrict frequency usage and channel width, and may limit the amount of conducted or
radiated transmitter power. Some countries impose conducted power limits on products operating in the 5.4 GHz
and 5.8 GHz bands. For detailed information, see Compliance with radio regulations on page 4-13.
Conforming to the limits
Ensure the system is configured to conform to local regulatory requirements by setting the appropriate Country
Code setting on the APs and SMs in the network. When using connectorized APs with external antennas, the
regulations may require the maximum transmit power to be reduced. To ensure that regulatory requirements are met
for connectorized installations, refer to Calculating maximum power level for connectorized AP units on page 2-16.
PMP 450 devices shipped to the US Region do not operate in the 2.4 GHz spectrum.
2-2
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Network migration planning
Network migration planning
The PMP 450 Series offers current network operators the ability to migrate to PMP 450 for expanded network
capacity and capability. The following sections are provided to aid in establishing a planning framework for
deploying a PMP 450 system.
Example PMP 450 deployment scenario
The following sections detail example network deployment scenarios for the PMP 450 product. This table may be
referenced to begin planning the PMP 450 deployment based on the current network configuration (if applicable).
Definitions of deployment scenario terminology
Table 7 Deployment scenario terminology descriptions
Term
Definition
Existing System Release
The current running system software release
Existing Number of Sectors
The total number of AP sectors co-located in the current
system
Existing Modulation
The type of modulation used in the current network. “FSK”
indicates an existing PMP 1x0 series network, and “OFDM”
indicates an existing PMP 430 network.
The current deployment’s usage of frequency across tower
sectors. For example, in a six AP sector deployment, the
following represents an ABC frequency re-use pattern.
Existing Frequency Re-use Pattern
•
Sector 1 (A): 5740
•
Sector 2 (B): 5760
•
Sector 3 (C): 5780
•
Sector 4 (A): 5740
•
Sector 5 (B): 5760
•
Sector 6 (C): 5780
The deployment scenarios define their own customized
examples of frequency re-use patterns.
For multiple AP cluster deployments, see Multiple OFDM
Access Point Clusters on page 2-21
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
2-3
Network migration planning
2-4
Planning considerations
Term
Definition
Existing Ch BW (MHz)
The channel size, or channel bandwidth used in the current
system. For FSK (PMP 1x0 series) deployments, the
channel bandwidth is always 20 MHz. For OFDM (PMP
430) deployments, the channel size may be 5, 10, or 20
MHz.
Existing Total Bandwidth Used (MHz)
The total amount of spectrum, in MHz, which is used by the
existing system.
Existing Aggregate Tower Throughput
(Mbps)
The total amount of throughput, in Mbps, available in the
current network deployment.
Existing Additional Frequencies Available
(MHz)
The number of additional frequencies unused by the current
deployment that are available for usage by PMP 450
equipment.
FINAL: Aggregate Throughput (Mbps)
The aggregate throughput available after upgrading to a PMP
450 network.
Resulting Number of Sectors
The number of sectors configured in the new PMP 450
network installation.
Resulting Modulation
The modulation scheme utilized in the new PMP 450
network installation.
Resulting Frequency Re-use Pattern
The new frequency re-use pattern utilized in the new PMP
450 network installation. Each deployment scenario in this
section includes a custom example of a frequency re-use
plan.
Resulting Ch BW (MHz)
The resulting channel bandwidth configured in the PMP 450
system.
Resulting Total Bandwidth Used (MHz)
The total amount of spectrum which is used by the existing
system.
Resulting Aggregate Tower Throughput
(Mbps)
The aggregate throughput available after upgrading to a PMP
450 network.
Resulting Percentage Increase in Aggregate
Tower Throughput
The amount of increase in tower (all sectors) throughput
after upgrading to a PMP 450 network.
Total Bandwidth Used (During Migration)
(MHz)
The total amount of spectrum (in MHz) used when migrating
to a PMP 450 deployment.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Network migration planning
Sector capacity
The following table exhibits the maximum aggregate sector throughput for several Cambium network deployments.
This table may be used as a reference for planning new networks or for planning network upgrades.
Table 8 Examples of aggregate sector throughput – various air interfaces
Air Interface
Rate
Adapt
Ch BW
(MHz)
Cyclic
Prefix
Maximum
Aggregate Sector
Throughput - RF
Link Test (Mbps)
FSK (PMP 1x0 Series)
1x
20
N/A
FSK (PMP 1x0 Series)
2x
20
N/A
14
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
1x
CP 1/16
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
2x
CP 1/16
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
3x
CP 1/16
12
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
1x
10
CP 1/16
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
2x
10
CP 1/16
15
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
3x
10
CP 1/16
24
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
1x
20
CP 1/16
15
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
2x
20
CP 1/16
32
OFDM (PMP 430 Series)
3x
20
CP 1/16
50
OFDM (MIMO) (PMP 450 Series)
2x
10
CP 1/16
13
OFDM (MIMO) (PMP 450 Series)
4x
10
CP 1/16
26
OFDM (MIMO) (PMP 450 Series)
6x
10
CP 1/16
39
OFDM (MIMO) (PMP 450 Series)
2x
20
CP 1/16
30
OFDM (MIMO) (PMP 450 Series)
4x
20
CP 1/16
60
OFDM (MIMO) (PMP 450 Series)
6x
20
CP 1/16
98
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
2-5
Network migration planning
Planning considerations
Deployment scenario 1 – Replacing PMP 100 Equipment (20 MHz
Channel Bandwidth)
Deployment scenario 1 assumes that the existing network is comprised of PMP 1x0 equipment (i.e. PMP 100, PMP
120, etc.) with the configuration listed below in Table 9. The migration in this scenario results in a complete
replacement of PMP 1x0 series equipment with PMP 450 equipment.
Scenario 1 assumes that neighbouring frequencies are free and that a guard band is not required at the edges of the
spectrum used for transmission.
Table 9 Deployment scenario 1
Term
Existing System Release
Existing Number of Sectors
Existing Modulation
Existing Frequency Re-use Pattern
11.2
FSK
ABC ABC
Existing Ch BW (MHz)
20
Existing Aggregate Tower Throughput (Mbps)
84
Existing Total Bandwidth Used (MHz)
60
Existing Additional Frequencies Available (MHz)
10
Replace Legacy Subscribers with 450 SMs
Resulting Number of Sectors
Resulting Modulation
Resulting Frequency Re-use Pattern
Required
OFDM (MIMO)
ABC ABC
Resulting Ch BW (MHz)
20
Resulting Total Bandwidth Used (MHz)
60
Resulting Aggregate Tower Throughput (Mbps)
570
Resulting Percentage Increase in Aggregate Tower Throughput
2-6
Definition
679%
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Network migration planning
Table 10 Scenario 1 spectrum usage
Beginning
frequency usage
Resulting frequency usage (assuming
no interference at band edges)
5725
5730
5735
5740
FSK (A)
MIMO (A) 5.740 GHz
FSK (B)
MIMO (B) 5.760 GHz
FSK (C)
MIMO (C) 5.780 GHz
5745
5750
5755
5760
5765
5770
5775
5780
5785
5790
5795
5800
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
2-7
Network migration planning
Planning considerations
Deployment scenario 1 migration procedure
This procedure assumes that there are no temporary frequencies available and that the PMP 450 APs will replace
the existing APs.
Procedure 1a Deployment scenario 1 migration procedure
2-8
Identify proximity to potential system interferers by running a spectrum analysis scan where the PMP
450 equipment will be deployed. It is recommended to run this scan at several different times of day
and night
Record relevant AP and SM configuration parameters within the current operating network, if
applicable, including:
•
authentication, and authorization parameters
•
frequency configuration
•
data network configuration
•
RF statistics
•
security configuration
Configure the PMP 450 AP and SMs for deployment
Install the PMP 450 AP
Install the PMP 450 MIMO(frequency A) SMs – powered on
Verify SM registration, link quality, and link performance.
Continue installation for frequency B sector and frequency C sector.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Network migration planning
Deployment scenario 2 – Replacing PMP 430 equipment (10 MHz
Channel Bandwidth)
Deployment scenario 2 assumes that the existing network is comprised of PMP 430 equipment with the
configuration listed below in Table 11. The migration in this scenario results in a complete replacement of PMP
430 series equipment with PMP 450 equipment.
Table 11 Deployment scenario 2
Term
Existing System Release
Existing Number of Sectors
Existing Modulation
Existing Frequency Re-use Pattern
Definition
11.2
OFDM
ABC ABC
Existing Ch BW (MHz)
10
Existing Aggregate Tower Throughput (Mbps)
135
Existing Total Bandwidth Used (MHz)
30
Existing Additional Frequencies Available (MHz)
Replace Legacy Subscribers with 450 SMs
Resulting Number of Sectors
Resulting Modulation
Resulting Frequency Re-use Pattern
Required
OFDM (MIMO)
ABC ABC
Resulting Ch BW (MHz)
10
Resulting Total Bandwidth Used (MHz)
30
Resulting Aggregate Tower Throughput (Mbps)
234
Resulting Percentage Increase in Aggregate Tower Throughput
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173%
2-9
Network migration planning
Planning considerations
Table 12 Deployment scenario 2 spectrum usage
Beginning PMP 430
frequency usage
Resulting PMP 450 frequency usage
5725
5730
5735
5740
OFDM (A)
MIMO (A) 5.740 GHz
OFDM (B)
MIMO (B) 5.750 GHz
OFDM (C)
MIMO (C) 5.760 GHz
5745
5750
5755
5760
5765
5770
Deployment scenario 2 migration procedure
This procedure assumes that there are no temporary frequencies available and that the PMP 450 APs will replace
the existing APs.
Procedure 2 Deployment scenario 2 migration procedure
2-10
Identify proximity to potential system interferers by running a spectrum analysis scan where the PMP
450 equipment will be deployed. It is recommended to run this scan at several different times of day
and night
Record relevant AP and SM configuration parameters within the current operating network, if
applicable, including:
•
authentication, and authorization parameters
•
frequency configuration
•
data network configuration
•
RF statistics
•
security configuration
Configure the PMP 450 AP and SMs for deployment
Install the PMP 450 AP (frequency A)
Install the PMP 450 MIMO (frequency A) SMs – powered on
Verify SM registration, link quality, and link performance.
Continue installation for frequency B sector and frequency C sector.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Site planning
Site planning
This section describes factors to be taken into account when choosing sites for the AP or SM, power supplies,
CMM4 (if applicable) and GPS antenna (if applicable).
AP or SM site selection
When selecting a site for the AP or SM, consider the following factors:
•
Height and location to ensure that people are kept away from the antenna; see Calculated distances and power
compliance margins on page 4-11.
•
Height and location to achieve the best radio path.
•
Ability to meet the requirements specified in Grounding and lightning protection on page 2-31.
•
Aesthetics and planning permission issues.
•
Cable lengths; see Maximum cable lengths on page 2-11.
•
The effect of strong winds on the installation; see Wind loading on page 2-11.
Power supply site selection
When selecting a site for the AP or SM power supply, consider the following factors:
•
Indoor location with no possibility of condensation.
•
Availability of a mains electricity supply.
•
Accessibility for viewing status indicator LED and connecting Ethernet cables.
•
Cable lengths; see Maximum cable lengths on page 2-11.
Maximum cable lengths
When installing PMP 450 Series APs or SMs, the maximum permitted length of the copper Ethernet interface cable
is 100m (330 ft) from AP/SM to their associated power supplies or CMM4.
Wind loading
Ensure that the site will not be prone to excessive wind loading.
Antennas and equipment mounted on towers or buildings will subject the mounting structure to significant lateral
forces when there is appreciable wind. Antennas are normally specified by the amount of force (in pounds) for
specific wind strengths. The magnitude of the force depends on both the wind strength and size of the antenna.
Calculation of lateral force (metric)
The magnitude of the lateral force can be estimated from:
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
2-11
Site planning
Planning considerations
Force (in kilogrammes) = 0.1045aV2
Where:
Is:
surface area in square meters
wind speed in meters per second
The lateral force produced by a single PMP 450 at different wind speeds is shown in Table 13 Lateral force metric and Table 14 Lateral force - US.
Table 13 Lateral force - metric
Largest
surface area (square meters)
Lateral force (Kg) at wind speed
(meters per second)
30
40
50
60
70
.066 (AP)
11
17
25
34
.0027 (SM)
0.25
0.45
0.7
1.4
Calculation of lateral force (US)
The magnitude of the lateral force can be estimated from:
Force (in pounds) = 0.0042Av2
Where:
Is:
surface area in square feet
wind speed in miles per hour
The lateral force produced by a single PMP 450 unit at different wind speeds is shown in Table 14.
Table 14 Lateral force - US
Largest surface area (square
feet)
2-12
Lateral force (lb) at wind speed
(miles per hour)
80
100
120
140
150
0.71 (AP)
19
30
43
58
67
0.29 (SM)
7.8
12
18
23
27
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Site planning
Capabilities of the PMP 450 Series
The structure and mounting brackets of the AP are capable of withstanding wind speeds up to 190 kph (118 mph).
Ensure that the structure to which the AP is fixed to is also capable of withstanding the prevalent wind speeds and
loads.
The structure and mounting brackets of the SM are capable of withstanding wind speeds up to 190 kph (118 mph).
Ensure that the structure to which the SM is fixed to is also capable of withstanding the prevalent wind speeds and
loads.
Wind speed statistics
Contact the national meteorological office for the country concerned to identify the likely wind speeds prevalent at
the proposed location. Use this data to estimate the total wind loading on the support structures. Sources of
information:
•
US National Weather Service, http://www.nws.noaa.gov/
•
UK Meteorological Office, www.meto.gov.uk
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
2-13
Link planning
Planning considerations
Link planning
This section describes factors to be taken into account when planning links, such as range, obstacles, path loss and
throughput.
Range and obstacles
Calculate the range of the link and identify any obstacles that may affect radio performance.
Perform a survey to identify all the obstructions (such as trees or buildings) in the path and to assess the risk of
interference. This information is necessary in order to achieve an accurate link feasibility assessment.
The PMP 450 Series is designed to operate in Near-Line-of-Sight (nLOS), Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and Line-ofSight (LOS) environments. An NLOS environment is one in which there is no optical line-of-sight, that is, there are
obstructions between the antennas. See Figure 1 Line Of Sight Diagram.
OFDM technology can often use multi-pathing to an advantage to overcome nLOS, especially in cases where the
Fresnel zone is only partially blocked by buildings, “urban canyons”, or foliage. OFDM tends to help especially
when obstacles are near the middle of the link, and less so when the obstacles are very near the SM or AP.
However, attenuation through walls and trees is substantial for any use of the 5.8 GHz frequency band. Even with
OFDM, these products should not be expected to penetrate walls or extensive trees and foliage.
Table 15 Link budget details – PMP 450 link, 20 MHz Channel Bandwidth
Product
Range Details
Parameter
2x
4x
6x
QPSK-MIMO-B
16QAMMIMO-B
64QAMMIMO-B
with Integrated SM antenna
6.7 mi / 10.9 km
2.7 mi / 4.3 km
1 mi / 1.7 km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
12.7 mi / 20.5
km
5 mi / 8.1 km
2 mi / 3.2 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
34 mi / 54.7 km
13.5 mi / 21.7
km
5.3 mi / 8.6 km
with Integrated SM antenna
3.8 mi / 6.1 km
1.5 mi / 2.4 km
0.6 mi / 0.9 km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
7.1 mi / 11.5 km
2.8 mi / 4.6 km
1.1 mi / 1.8 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
19.1 mi / 30.7
km
7.6 mi / 12.2
km
3 mi / 4.8 km
with Integrated SM antenna
1.2 mi / 1.9 km
0.4 mi / 0.7 km
0.1 mi / 0.3 km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
2.2 mi / 3.6 km
0.9 mi / 1.4 km
0.3 mi / 0.5 km
Modulation
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. LOS
Link Budget
(no fade
margin)
PMP 450
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. nLOS
Link Budget
(additional 5
dB link loss)
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. NLOS1
2-14
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Product
Link planning
Range Details
Parameter
Link Budget
(additional 15
dB link loss)
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. NLOS2
Link Budget
(additional 25
dB link loss)
2x
4x
6x
6 mi / 9.7 km
2.4 mi / 3.8 km
0.9 mi / 1.5 km
0.3 mi / 0.6 km
0.1 mi / 0.2 km
0.06 mi / 0.09
km
to SM Range
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
with Integrated SM antenna
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
0.7 mi / 1.1 km
0.2 mi / 0.4 km
0.1 mi / 0.18
km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
1.9 mi / 3 km
0.7 mi / 1.2 km
0.3 mi / 0.4 km
Table 16 Link budget details – PMP 450 link, 10 MHz Channel Bandwidth
Product
Range Details
Parameter
2x
4x
6x
QPSK-MIMO-B
16QAMMIMO-B
64QAMMIMO-B
with Integrated SM antenna
9.5 mi / 15.4 km
3.8 mi / 6.1 km
1.5 mi / 2.4 km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
18 mi / 29 km
7.1 mi / 11.5
km
2.8 mi / 4.6 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
40 mi / 64.3 km
19.1 mi / 30.7
km
7.6 mi / 12.2
km
with Integrated SM antenna
5.3 mi / 8.6 km
2.1 mi / 3.4 km
0.8 mi / 1.3 km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
10.1 mi / 16.3
km
4 mi / 6.5 km
1.6 mi / 2.5 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
27 mi / 43.4 km
10.7 mi / 17.3
km
4.2 mi / 6.8 km
with Integrated SM antenna
1.7 mi / 2.7 km
0.6 mi / 1 km
0.2 mi / 0.4 km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
3.2 mi / 5.1 km
1.2 mi / 2 km
0.5 mi / 0.8 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
8.5 mi / 13.7 km
3.4 mi / 5.4 km
1.3 mi / 2.1 km
with Integrated SM antenna
0.5 mi / 0.8 km
0.2 mi / 0.3 km
0.08 mi / 0.13
Modulation
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. LOS
Link Budget
(no fade
margin)
PMP 450
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. nLOS
Link Budget
(additional 5
dB link loss)
5.4/5.8-GHz
Max. NLOS1
Link Budget
(additional 15
dB link loss)
5.4/5.8-GHz
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
2-15
Link planning
Product
Planning considerations
Range Details
Parameter
Max. NLOS2
Link Budget
(additional 25
dB link loss)
2x
4x
6x
km
with LENS that adds 5.5 dB
to SM Range
1 mi / 1.6 km
0.4 mi / 0.6 km
0.1 mi / 0.2 km
with Reflector Dish that
adds 14 dB to SM Range
2.7 mi / 4.3 km
1 mi / 1.7 km
0.4 mi / 0.6 km
Path loss considerations
Path loss is the amount of attenuation the radio signal undergoes between the two ends of the link.
Calculating path loss
The path loss is the sum of the attenuation of the path if there were no obstacles in the way (Free Space Path Loss),
the attenuation caused by obstacles (Excess Path Loss) and a margin to allow for possible fading of the radio signal
(Fade Margin). The following calculation needs to be performed to judge whether a particular link can be installed:
L free _ space + Lexcess + L fade + Lseasonal < Lcapability
Where:
Is:
L free _ space
Free Space Path Loss (dB)
Lexcess
Excess Path Loss (dB)
L fade
Fade Margin Required (dB)
Lseasonal
Seasonal Fading (dB)
Lcapability
Equipment Capability (dB)
Calculating maximum power level for connectorized AP units
If a connectorized PMP 450 AP is to be installed in a country that imposes an EIRP limit in the selected band,
calculate the highest setting of Maximum Power Level that will be permitted using this formula:
Maximum Power Level (dBm) = Allowed EIRP (dBm) – Antenna Gain (dBi) + Cable Loss (dB)
Where:
Is:
Maximum Power
Level (dBm)
2-16
the highest permissible setting of the transmitter
output power,
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Link planning
Allowed EIRP (dBm)
the EIRP limit allowed by the regulations,
Antenna Gain (dBi)
the gain of the chosen antenna,
Cable Loss (dB)
the loss of the RF cable connecting the AP to the
antenna.
For more information on EIRP limits, see Compliance with radio regulations on page 4-13.
Understanding Attenuation
An RF signal in space is attenuated by atmospheric and other effects as a function of the distance from the initial
transmission point. The further a reception point is placed from the transmission point, the weaker is the received
RF signal.
Calculating Link Loss
The link loss is the total attenuation of the wireless signal between two point-to-multipoint units. The link loss
calculation is presented below:
Link Loss (dB) = Transmit power of the remote wireless unit (dBm) − Tx Cable loss (dB) − Received power
at the local unit (dBm) – Rx cable loss (dB) + Antenna gain at the remote unit (dBi) + Antenna gain at the
local unit (dBi)
Calculating Rx Signal Level
The Rx sensitivity of each module is provided at http://www.cambiumnetworks.com. The determinants in Rx signal
level are illustrated in Figure 11.
Figure 11 Determinants in Rx signal level
Rx signal level is calculated as follows:
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Planning considerations
Rx signal level dB = Tx power − Tx cable loss + Tx antenna gain
− free space path loss + Rx antenna gain − Rx cable loss
This Rx signal level calculation presumes that a clear line of sight is established between the transmitter and
receiver and that no objects encroach in the Fresnel zone.
Calculating Fade Margin
Free space path loss is a major determinant in Rx (received) signal level. Rx signal level, in turn, is a major factor in
the system operating margin (fade margin), which is calculated as follows:
system operating margin (fade margin) dB =Rx signal level dB − Rx sensitivity dB
Thus, fade margin is the difference between strength of the received signal and the strength that the receiver
requires for maintaining a reliable link. A higher fade margin is characteristic of a more reliable link.
Analyzing the RF Environment
An essential element in RF network planning is the analysis of spectrum usage and the strength of the signals that
occupy the spectrum you are planning to use. Regardless of how you measure and log or chart the results you find
(through the Spectrum Analyzer in SM feature or by using a spectrum analyzer), you should do so:
•
at various times of day.
•
on various days of the week.
•
periodically into the future.
As new RF neighbors move in or consumer devices in your spectrum proliferate, this will keep you aware of the
dynamic possibilities for interference with your network.
Mapping RF Neighbor Frequencies
These modules allow you to
•
use an SM or an AP that is temporarily transformed into an SM, as a spectrum analyzer.
•
view a graphical display that shows power level in RSSI and dBm at 5-MHz increments throughout the
frequency band range, regardless of limited selections in the Custom Radio Frequency Scan Selection List
parameter of the SM.
•
select an AP channel that minimizes interference from other RF equipment.
The following procedure causes the SM to drop any active RF link. If a link is dropped when the spectrum analysis begins, the
link can be re-established when either a 15-minute interval has elapsed or the spectrum analyzer feature is disabled.
2-18
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Analyzing the spectrum
To use the built-in spectrum analyzer functionality of the SM (or AP that is temporarily configured as an SM for
spectrum analysis via the AP’s GUI) proceed as follows:
Procedure 3 Analyzing the spectrum
Predetermine a power source and interface that will work for the SM in the area you want to analyze.
Take the SM, power source, and interface device to the area.
Access the Tools web page of the SM.
RESULT: The Tools page opens to its Spectrum Analyzer tab.
Click Enable.
RESULT: The feature is enabled.
Click Enable again.
RESULT: The system measures RSSI and dBm for each frequency in the spectrum.
Travel to another location in the area.
Click Enable again.
RESULT: The system provides a new measurement of RSSI and dBm for each frequency in the
spectrum.
Spectrum analysis mode times out 15 minutes after the mode was invoked.
Repeat Steps 6 and 7 until the area has been adequately scanned and logged.
As with any other data that pertains to your business, a decision today to put the data into a retrievable database
may grow in value to you over time.
Wherever you find the measured noise level is greater than the sensitivity of the radio that you plan to deploy, use
the noise level (rather than the link budget) for your link feasibility calculations.
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Planning considerations
Anticipating Reflection of Radio Waves
In the signal path, any object that is larger than the wavelength of the signal can reflect the signal. Such an object
can even be the surface of the earth or of a river, bay, or lake. The wavelength of the signal is approximately
•
2 inches for 5.4-GHz and 5.8-GHz signals.
A reflected signal can arrive at the antenna of the receiver later than the non-reflected signal arrives. These two or
more signals cause the condition known as multipath. Multipath may increase or decrease the signal level and so
overall attenuation may be higher or lower than that caused by the link distance. This is problematic at the margin
of the link budget, where the standard operating margin (fade margin) may be compromised.
Noting Possible Obstructions in the Fresnel Zone
The Fresnel (pronounced fre·NEL) Zone is a three-dimensional volume around the line of sight of an antenna
transmission. Objects that penetrate this area can cause the received strength of the transmitted signal to fade. Outof-phase reflections and absorption of the signal result in signal cancellation.
The foliage of trees and plants in the Fresnel Zone can cause signal loss. Seasonal density, moisture content of the
foliage, and other factors such as wind may change the amount of loss. Plan to perform frequent and regular link
tests if you must transmit though foliage.
2-20
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Analyzing the RF Environment
Multiple OFDM Access Point Clusters
When deploying multiple AP clusters in a dense area, consider aligning the clusters as shown below. However, this
is only a recommendation. An installation may dictate a different pattern of channel assignments.
Figure 12 Example layout of 16 Access Point sectors (ABCD), 90 degree sectors
An example for assignment of frequency channels is provided in the following table.
See section Network migration planning on page 2-3 for more information on migrating to a PMP 450 network.
Table 17 Example 5.8-GHz OFDM channel assignment by sector
Symbol
Frequency
5.740 GHz
5.760 GHz
5.780 GHz
5.800 GHz
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Planning considerations
Figure 13 Example layout of 16 Access Point sectors (ABC), 60 degree sectors
An example for assignment of frequency channels and sector IDs is provided in the following table.
See section Network migration planning on page 2-3 for more information on migrating to a PMP 450 network.
Table 18 Example 5.8-GHz OFDM channel assignment by sector
Symbol
Frequency
2-22
5.740 GHz
5.760 GHz
5.780 GHz
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Planning for co-location and using the OFDM Frame Calculator Tool
The first step to avoid interference in wireless systems is to set all APs to receive timing from a synchronization
source (Cluster Management Module, or Universal Global Positioning System). This ensures that the modules are
in sync and start transmitting at the same time each frame.
The second step to avoid interference is to configure parameters on all APs of the same frequency band in
proximity such that they have compatible transmit/receive ratios (all stop transmitting each frame before any start
receiving). This avoids the problem of one AP attempting to receive the signal from a distant SM while a nearby AP
transmits, which could overpower that signal.
The following parameters on the AP determine the transmit/receive ratio:
•
Max Range
•
Downlink Data percentage
•
(reserved) Control Slots
If OFDM (PMP 430, PMP 450, PTP 230) and FSK (PMP 1x0) APs of the same frequency band are in proximity, or
if you want APs set to different parameters (differing in their Max Range values, for example), then you should use
the Frame Calculator to identify compatible settings.
The frame calculator is available on the Frame Calculator tab of the Tools web page. To use the Frame Calculator,
type into the calculator various configurable parameter values for each proximal AP, and then record the resulting
AP Receive Start value. Next vary the Downlink Data percentage in each calculation and iterate until the
calculated AP Receive Start for all collocated APs are within 300 bit times; if possible, within 150 bit times. In
Cambium Point-to-Multipoint systems, 10 bit times = 1 µs.
The calculator does not use values in the module or populate its parameters. It is merely a convenience application
that runs on a module. For this reason, you can use any FSK module (AP, SM, BHM, BHS) to perform FSK frame
calculations for setting the parameters on an FSK AP and any OFDM module (AP, SM, BHM, BHS) to perform
OFDM frame calculations for setting the parameters on an OFDM AP.
IMPORTANT!
APs that have slightly mismatched transmit-to-receive ratios and low levels of data traffic may
see little effect on throughput. A system that was not tuned for co-location may work fine at
low traffic levels, but encounter problems at higher traffic levels. The conservative practice is
to tune for co-location before traffic ultimately increases. This prevents problems that occur as
sectors are built.
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Planning considerations
Figure 14 OFDM Frame Calculator tab
In the Frame Calculator tab, you may set the following parameters.
Table 19 OFDM Frame Calculator tab attributes
2-24
Attribute
Meaning
Link Mode
For AP to SM frame calculations, select Multipoint Link
Platform Type AP/BHM
Use the drop-down list to select the hardware series (board type) of the
AP.
Platform Type SM/BHS
Use the drop-down list to select the hardware series (board type) of the
SM.
Channel Bandwidth
Set this to the channel bandwidth used in the AP.
Cyclic Prefix
Set this to the cyclic prefix used in the AP.
Max Range
Set to the same value as the Max Range parameter is set in the AP(s).
Air Delay
This field should be left at the default of 0 ns.
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Analyzing the RF Environment
Attribute
Meaning
Downlink Data
Initially set this parameter to the same value that the AP has for its
Downlink Data parameter (percentage). Then, as you use the Frame
Calculator tool in Procedure 4, you will vary the value in this parameter to
find the proper value to write into the Downlink Data parameter of all
APs in the cluster.
PMP 450 Series APs offer a range of 15% to 85%, and default to 75%.
The value that you set in this parameter has the following interaction with
the value of the Max Range parameter (above):
•
Control Slots
The default Max Range value is 5 miles and, at that distance, the
maximum Downlink Data value (85% in PMP450) is functional.
Set this parameter to the value of the Control Slot parameter is set in the
APs.
The Calculated Frame Results display several items of interest:
Table 20 OFDM Calculated Frame Results attributes
Attribute
Meaning
Modulation
The type of radio modulation used in the calculation (OFDM for PMP
450)
Total Frame Bits
The total number of bits used in the calculated frames
Data Slots (Down/Up)
This field is based on the Downlink Data setting. For example, a result
within the typical range for a Downlink Data setting of 75% is 61/21,
meaning 61 data slots down and 21 data slots up.
Round Trip Air Delay
(MaxRange)
This is the roundtrip air delay in bit times for the Max Range value set in
the calculator
Approximate distance
(MaxRange)
The Max Range value used for frame calculation
AP Transmit End
In bit times, this is the frame position at which the AP ceases transmission.
AP Receive Start
In bit times, this is the frame position at which the AP is ready to receive
transmission from the SM.
AP Receive End
In bit times, this is the frame position at which the AP will cease receiving
transmission from the SM.
SM Receive End
In bit times, this is the frame position at which the SM will cease receiving
transmission from the AP.
SM Transmit Start
In bit times, this is the frame position at which the SM will begin
transmission.
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Selecting Sites for Network Elements
Planning considerations
To use the Frame Calculator to ensure that all APs are configured to transmit and receive at the same time, follow
the procedure below:
Procedure 4 Using the Frame Calculator
Populate the OFDM Frame Calculator parameters with appropriate values as described
above.
Click the Calculate button.
Scroll down the tab to the Calculated Frame Results section
Record the value of the AP Receive Start field
Enter a parameter set from another AP in the system – for example, an AP in the same
cluster that has a higher Max Range value configured.
Click the Calculate button.
Scroll down the tab to the Calculated Frame Results section
If the recorded values of the AP Receive Start fields are within 150 bit times of each
other, skip to step 10.
If the recorded values of the AP Receive Start fields are not within 150 bit times of each
other, modify the Downlink Data parameter until the calculated results for AP Receive
Start are within 300 bit time of each other, if possible, 150 bit time.
10
Access the Radio tab in the Configuration web page of each AP in the cluster and change
its Downlink Data parameter (percentage) to the last value that was used in the Frame
Calculator.
Selecting Sites for Network Elements
The APs must be positioned
2-26
•
with hardware that the wind and ambient vibrations cannot flex or move.
•
where a tower or rooftop is available or can be erected.
•
where a grounding system is available.
•
with lightning arrestors to transport lightning strikes away from equipment.
•
at a proper height:
o higher than the tallest points of objects immediately around them (such as trees, buildings, and tower legs).
o at least 2 feet (0.6 meters) below the tallest point on the tower, pole, or roof (for lightning protection).
•
away from high-RF energy sites (such as AM or FM stations, high-powered antennas, and live AM radio
towers).
•
in line-of-sight paths
o to the SMs.
o that will not be obstructed by trees as they grow or structures that are later built.
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Selecting Sites for Network Elements
Visual line of sight does not guarantee radio line of sight.
Surveying Sites
Factors to survey at potential sites include
•
what pre-existing wireless equipment exists at the site. (Perform spectrum analysis.)
•
whether available mounting positions exist near the lowest elevation that satisfies line of site, coverage, and
other link criteria.
•
whether you will always have the right to decide who climbs the tower to install and maintain your equipment,
and whether that person or company can climb at any hour of any day.
•
whether you will have collaborative rights and veto power to prevent interference to your equipment from
wireless equipment that is installed at the site in the future.
•
whether a pre-existing grounding system (path to Protective Earth ) exists, and what is required to establish a
path to it.
•
who is permitted to run any indoor lengths of cable.
Clearing the Radio Horizon
Because the surface of the earth is curved, higher module elevations are required for greater link distances. This
effect can be critical to link connectivity in link spans that are greater than 8 miles (12 km).
To use metric units to find the minimum height required to reach the radio horizon use the following equation:
Radio horizon distance (km) = 4.12 (SQRT(h1) + SQRT(h2))
Where:
Is:
h1
height of the AP
h2
height of the SM
To use English standard units to find the angle of elevation, use the following formula:
Radio horizon distance (km) = 1.42 (SQRT(h1) + SQRT(h2))
Where:
Is:
h1
height of the AP
h2
height of the SM
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Selecting Sites for Network Elements
Planning considerations
Calculating the Aim Angles
The proper angle of tilt can be calculated as a factor of both the difference in elevation and the distance that the link
spans. Even in this case, a plumb line and a protractor can be helpful to ensure the proper tilt. This tilt is typically
minimal.
The number of degrees to offset (from vertical) the mounting hardware leg of the support tube is equal to the angle
of elevation from the lower module to the higher module ( VLAN web page of the AP.
The Q-in-Q EtherType parameter is configured with a default EtherType of 0x88a8 in addition to four alternate
EtherType’s that can be configured to aid in interoperability with existing networks that use a different EtherType
than the default.
The C-VLAN is the inner VLAN tag, which is the same as 802.1Q. As a top level concept, this operates on the
outermost tag at any given time, either “pushing” a tag on or “popping” a tag off. This means packets will at most
transition from an 802.1Q frame to an 801.ad frame (with a tag “pushed” on) or an untagged 802.1 frame (with the
tag “popped” off. Similarly, for an 802.1ad frame, this can only transition from an 802.1ad frame to an 802.1Q
frame (with the tag “popped” off) since the radio software only supports 2 levels of tags.
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Security planning
Planning considerations
Security planning
This section describes how to plan for PMP 450 networks to operate in secure mode.
Isolating APs from the Internet
Ensure that the IP addresses of the APs in your network
•
are not routable over the Internet.
•
do not share the subnet of the IP address of your user.
RFC 1918, Address Allocation for Private Subnets, reserves for private IP networks three blocks of IP addresses
that are not routable over the Internet:
•
/8 subnets have one reserved network, 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
•
/16 subnets have 16 reserved networks, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
•
/24 subnets have 256 reserved networks, 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
Managing module access by passwords
Adding a user for access to a module
From the factory, each module has a preconfigured administrator-level account in the name root, which initially
requires no associated password. This is the same root account that you may have used for access to the module
by ftp. When you upgrade a module
•
an account is created in the name admin.
•
both admin and root inherit the password that was previously used for access to the module:
o the Full Access password, if one was set.
o the Display-Only Access password, if one was set and no Full Access password was set.
If you use Wireless Manager, do not delete the root account from any module. If you use an NMS that
communicates with modules through SNMP, do not delete the root account from any module unless you first can
confirm that the NMS does not rely on the root account for access to the modules.
Each module supports four or fewer user accounts, regardless of account levels. The available levels are
2-50
•
ADMINISTRATOR, who has full read and write permissions. This is the level of the root and admin users,
as well as any other administrator accounts that one of them creates.
•
INSTALLER, who has permissions identical to those of ADMINISTRATOR except that the installer cannot
add or delete users or change the password of any other user.
•
TECHNICIAN, who
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
•
Security planning
GUEST, who has no write permissions and only a limited view of General Status tab
From the factory default state, configure passwords for both the root and admin account at the
ADMINISTRATOR permission level, using the Account => Change Users Password tab. (If you configure only
one of these, then the other will still require no password for access into it and thus remain a security risk.) If you
are intent on configuring only one of them, delete the admin account. The root account is the only account that
CNUT uses to update the module.
After a password has been set for any ADMINISTRATOR-level account, initial access to the module GUI opens
the view of GUEST level.
Table 24 Identity-based user account permissions - AP
Menu
Option
Menu Tab
ADMIN
INSTALLER
TECH
Home
General Status
Session Status
Remote Subscribers
Event Log
Network Interface
Layer2 Neighbors
Configuration General
IP
Radio
SNMP
Quality of Service (QoS)
Security
Time
VLAN
VLAN Membership
DiffServ
Protocol Filtering
Port Configuration
Syslog
Unit Settings
Statistics
Scheduler
SM Registration Failures
Bridge Control Block
Bridging Table
Ethernet
Radio
VLAN
Data VC
Throughput
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Security planning
Tools
Accounts
Quick Start
Copyright
Logoff
2-52
Planning considerations
Filter
ARP
Overload
DHCP Relay
Pass Through Statistics
DNS Statistics
Link Capacity Test
Combo Frame Calculator
OFDM Frame Calculator
Subscriber Configuration
Link Status
Remote Spectrum Analyzer
Sessions
DNS Test
AP Sessions
AP Authentication State Machine
Log
AP Authorization State Machine Log
EAP Radius Log
User Authentication And Access
Tracking
Change User Password
Add User
Delete User
Quick Start
Region Settings
Radio Carrier Frequency
Synchronization
LAN IP Address
Review and Save Configuration
Copyright Notices
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Security planning
Table 25 Identity-based user account permissions - SM
Menu
Menu Tab
ADMIN
INSTALLER
TECH
Home
General Status
Event Log
Network Interface
Layer2 Neighbors
Configuration General
IP
Radio
SNMP
Quality of Service (QoS)
Security
VLAN
VLAN Membership
DiffServ
Protocol Filtering
Port Configuration
NAT
PPPoE
NAT Port Mapping
Syslog
Unit Settings
Statistics
Scheduler
Bridge Control Block
Bridging Table
Translation Table
Ethernet
Radio
VLAN
Data VC
Filter
NAT Stats
NAT DHCP
ARP
Overload
PPPoE Statistics
Peer Statistics
DNS Statistics
Syslog Statistics
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Security planning
Tools
Logs
Accounts
PDA
Copyright
Logoff
Planning considerations
Spectrum Analyzer
Alignment
Link Capacity Test
AP Evaluation
Combo Frame Calculator
OFDM Frame Calculator
BER Results
Alignment Tool
Link Status
DNS Test
NAT Table
SM Session
SM Authentication
SM Authorization
PPPoE Session Log
EAP Radius Log
User Authentication and Access
Tracking
Change User Password
Add User
Delete User
Quick Status
Spectrum Results (PDA)
Information
AP Evaluation
AIM
Copyright Notices
Filtering protocols and ports
You can filter (block) specified protocols and ports from leaving the AP and SM and entering the network. This
protects the network from both intended and inadvertent packet loading or probing by network users. By keeping
the specified protocols or ports off the network, this feature also provides a level of protection to users from each
other.
Protocol and port filtering is set per AP/SM. Except for filtering of SNMP ports, filtering occurs as packets leave
the AP/SM. If an SM is configured to filter SNMP, then SNMP packets are blocked from entering the SM and,
thereby, from interacting with the SNMP portion of the protocol stack on the SM.
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Port Filtering with NAT Enabled
Where NAT is enabled on the SM, you can filter only the three user-defined ports. The following are example
situations in which you can configure port filtering where NAT is enabled.
•
To block a subscriber from using FTP, you can filter Ports 20 and 21 (the FTP ports) for both the TCP and
UDP protocols.
•
To block a subscriber from access to SNMP, you can filter Ports 161 and 162 (the SNMP ports) for both the
TCP and UDP protocols.
NOTE: In only the SNMP case, filtering occurs before the packet interacts with the protocol stack.
Protocol and Port Filtering with NAT Disabled
Where NAT is disabled on the SM, you can filter both protocols and the three user-defined ports. Using the check
boxes on the interface, you can either
•
allow all protocols except those that you wish to block.
•
block all protocols except those that you wish to allow.
You can allow or block any of the following protocols:
•
PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet)
•
Any or all of the following IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) protocols:
o SMB (Network Neighborhood)
o SNMP
o Up to 3 user-defined ports
o All other IPv4 traffic (see Figure 26)
o Uplink Broadcast
o ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
o All others (see Figure 26)
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Security planning
Planning considerations
Figure 26 Categorical protocol filtering
BootP
Server
BootP
Client
IPv4
Multica
st
SNMP
All
Other
IPv4
User
Defined
Port 1
SMB
User
Defined
Port 2
User
Defined
Port 3
ARP
PPPoE
All
Others
The following are example situations in which you can configure protocol filtering where NAT is disabled:
2-56
•
If you block a subscriber from only PPoE and SNMP, then the subscriber retains access to all other protocols
and all ports.
•
If you block PPoE, IPv4, and Uplink Broadcast, and you also check the
All others selection, then only Address Resolution Protocol is not filtered.
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Security planning
The ports that are filtered as a result of protocol selections in the Protocol Filtering tab of the SM are listed in Table
26.
Table 26 Ports filtered per protocol selections
Protocol
Selected
Port Filtered (Blocked)
SMB
Destination Ports 137 TCP and UDP, 138 UDP, 139 TCP, 445 TCP
SNMP
Destination Ports 161 TCP and UDP, 162 TCP and UDP
Bootp Client
Source Port 68 UDP
Bootp Server
Source Port 67 UDP
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Security planning
Planning considerations
Port Lockdown
Cambium devices support access to various communication protocols and only the ports required for these
protocols are available for access by external entities. Operators may change the port numbers for these protocols
via the radio GUI or SNMP.
Table 27 Device default port numbers
Port
Usage
Port Usage
Device
21
FTP
Listen Port
AP, SM
80
HTTP
Listen Port
AP, SM
1812
Standard RADIUS port
Destination Port
AP
1813
Standard RADIUS
accounting port
Destination Port
AP, SM
161
SNMP port
Listen Port
AP, SM
162
SNMP trap port
Destination Port
AP, SM
514
Syslog
Destination Port
AP, SM
Isolating SMs
In an AP, you can prevent SMs in the sector from directly communicating with each other. In CMMmicro Release
2.2 or later and the CMM4, you can prevent connected APs from directly communicating with each other, which
prevents SMs that are in different sectors of a cluster from communicating with each other.
In the AP, the SM Isolation parameter is available in the General tab of the Configuration web page. In the dropdown menu for that parameter, you can configure the SM Isolation feature by any of the following selections:
•
Disable SM Isolation (the default selection). This allows full communication between SMs.
•
Block SM Packets from being forwarded. This prevents both multicast/broadcast and unicast SM-to-SM
communication.
•
Block and Forward SM Packets to Backbone. This not only prevents multicast/broadcast and unicast SM-toSM communication but also sends the packets, which otherwise would have been handled SM to SM, through
the Ethernet port of the AP.
In the CMMmicro and the CMM4, SM isolation treatment is the result of how you choose to manage the port-based
VLAN feature of the embedded switch, where you can switch all traffic from any AP to an uplink port that you
specify. However, this is not packet level switching. It is not based on VLAN IDs. See the VLAN Port
Configuration parameter in the dedicated user guide that supports the CMM product that you are deploying.
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Filtering management through Ethernet
You can configure the SM to disallow any device that is connected to its Ethernet port from accessing the IP
address of the SM. If you set the Ethernet Access Control parameter to Enabled, then
•
no attempt to access the SM management interface (by http, SNMP, ftp, or tftp) through Ethernet can succeed.
•
any attempt to access the SM management interface over the air (by IP address, presuming that LAN1
Network Interface Configuration, Network Accessibility is set to Public, or by link from the Session Status
or Remote Subscribers tab in the AP) is unaffected.
Allowing management from only specified IP addresses
The Security tab of the Configuration web page in the AP and SM includes the IP Access Control parameter. You
can specify one, two, or three IP addresses that should be allowed to access the management interface (by HTTP,
SNMP, FTP, or TFTP).
If you select
•
IP Access Filtering Disabled, then management access is allowed from any IP address, even if the Allowed
Source IP 1 to 3 parameters are populated.
•
IP Access Filtering Enabled, and specify at least one address in the Allowed Source IP 1 to 3 parameter, then
management access is limited to the specified address(es).
Configuring management IP by DHCP
The IP tab in the Configuration web page of every radio contains a LAN1 Network Interface Configuration,
DHCP State parameter that, if enabled, causes the IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, and gateway IP
address) to be obtained through DHCP instead of the values of those individual parameters. The setting of this
DHCP state parameter is also viewable, but is not settable, in the Network Interface tab of the Home page.
In the SM, this parameter is settable
•
in the NAT tab of the Configuration web page, but only if NAT is enabled.
•
in the IP tab of the Configuration web page, but only if the Network Accessibility parameter in the IP tab is set
to Public.
Planning for airlink security
Cambium fixed wireless broadband IP systems employ the following form of encryption for security of the wireless
link:
•
DES (Data Encryption Standard): An over-the-air link encryption option that uses secret 56-bit keys and 8
parity bits. DES performs a series of bit permutations, substitutions, and recombination operations on blocks of
data. DES encryption does not affect the performance or throughput of the system.
•
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): An over-the-air link encryption option that uses the Rijndael
algorithm and 128-bit keys to establish a higher level of security than DES. AES products are certified as
compliant with the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS 197) in the U.S.A.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
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Security planning
Planning considerations
Planning for RF Telnet Access Control
The RF Telnet Access feature restricts Telnet access to the AP from a device situated below a network SM
(downstream from the AP). This is a security enhancement to restrict RF-interface sourced AP access specifically
to the LAN1 IP address and LAN2 IP address (Radio Private Address, typically 192.168.101.[LUID]). This
restriction disallows unauthorized users from running Telnet commands on the AP that can change AP
configuration or modifying network-critical components such as routing and ARP tables.
Planning for RADIUS integration
PMP 450 modules include support for the RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) protocol
supporting Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA).
RADIUS Functions
RADIUS protocol support provides the following functions:
•
SM Authentication allows only known SMs onto the network (blocking “rogue” SMs), and can be
configured to ensure SMs are connecting to a known network (preventing SMs from connecting to “rogue”
APs). RADIUS authentication is used for SMs, but is not used for APs. Cambium modules support EAPTTLS and EAP-MSCHAPv2 authentication methods.
•
SM Configuration: Configures authenticated SMs with MIR (Maximum Information Rate), CIR (Committed
Information Rate), High Priority, and VLAN (Virtual LAN) parameters from the RADIUS server when an SM
registers to an AP.
•
SM Accounting provides support for RADIUS accounting messages for usage-based billing. This accounting
includes indications for subscriber session establishment, subscriber session disconnection, and bandwidth
usage per session for each SM that connects to the AP.
•
Centralized AP and SM user name and password management allows AP and SM usernames and access
levels (Administrator, Installer, Technician) to be centrally administered in the RADIUS server instead of on
each radio and tracks access events (logon/logoff) for each username on the RADIUS server. This
accounting does not track and report specific configuration actions performed on radios or pull statistics
such as bit counts from the radios. Such functions require an Element Management System (EMS) such as
Cambium Networks Wireless Manager. This accounting is not the ability to perform accounting functions on
the subscriber/end user/customer account.
•
Framed IP allows operators to use a RADIUS server to assign management IP addressing to SM modules
(framed IP address).
Planning for SNMP security
Canopy modules provide the following Configuration web page parameters in the SNMP tab. These govern SNMP
access from the manager to the agent:
2-60
•
Community String, which specifies the password for security between managers and the agent.
•
Accessing Subnet, which specifies the subnet mask that allows managers to poll the agents.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Ordering components
Ordering components
This section describes how to select components for PMP 450 Greenfield network or PMP 450 network migration.
It specifies Cambium part numbers for PMP 450 components.
PMP 450 component part numbers
Table 28 lists PMP 450 components.
Table 28 PMP 450 components
Part Number
Product Description
C054045A001A
PMP 450 Connectorized Access Point
C054045A002A
PMP 450 Connectorized Access Point, US only
C054045C001A
PMP 450 Subscriber Module, 4 Mbps
C054045C002A
PMP 450 Subscriber Module, 10 Mbps
C054045C003A
PMP 450 Subscriber Module, 20 Mbps
C054045C004A
PMP 450 Subscriber Module, Uncapped
85009324001
90 Degree Sector Antenna (H+V OFDM inputs)
85009325001
60 Degree Sector Antenna (H+V OFDM, FSK input)
85009326001
120 Degree Sector Antenna (H+V OFDM inputs)
30009406002
N-type to N-type cable (16 inch length)
ACPSSW-20A
POWER SUPPLY,20W, 29.5V, 100-240VAC/50-60HZ
ACPSSW-21A
POWER SUPPLY,20W,29.5V,100-240VAC/50-60HZ +C8 AC
ACPS120WA
POWER SUPPLY,120W 30VDC AT 60C 100-240VAC EL5
600SSD
SURGE PROTECTOR
SMMB2A
UNIVERSAL MOUNTING BRACKET
1070CKDB
CMM MICRO (OUTDOOR ENCLOSURE)
1090CKBA
CMM4 W/RUGGEDIZED SWITCH AND GPS
1091AA
CMM4 NO SWITCH
1092AA
CMM4 RACK MOUNT ASSEMBLY
1096A
UNIVERSAL GPS MODULE
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
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Ordering components
2-62
Planning considerations
ACPSSW-09B
POWER SUPPLY,13.6W, 29.5V, 100-240VAC/50-60HZ
ACPSSW-10B
POWER SUPPLY,13.6W,29.5V,100-240VAC/50-60HZ+ARG
ACPSSW-11B
POWER SUPPLY, 13.6W,29.5V,100-240VAC/50-60HZ+AUS
ACPSSW-12C
POWER SUPPLY,ASSY,P/S,29.5V90-240VAC/50-60HZ PS
ACPSSW-13B
POWER SUPPLY,13.6W,29.5V,100-240/50-60+FIXED US
ACPSSW-14A
POWER SUPPLY,13.6W,29.5V,100-240VAC/50-60HZ+BRAZ
AN500A
5 GHz LENS
HK2022A
53CM OFFSET, REFLECTOR DISH KIT,4PK
SMMB1A
UNIVERSAL MOUNTING KIT
WB2289A
AP POLE MOUNT KIT
ACATHS-01A
Alignment Tone Headset Kit (includes RJ11 to 1/8” female RCA
adapter and headphones)
600SS
SURGE PROTECTOR
200SS
SURGE PROTECTOR
C000045K001A
PMP 100 Compatibility License Key (Combo Key)
C000045K002A
PMP 450 4 TO 10 MBPS UPGRADE KEY
C000045K003A
PMP 450 4 TO 20 MBPS UPGRADE KEY
C000045K004A
PMP 450 4 TO Uncapped UPGRADE KEY
C000045K005A
PMP 450 10 TO 20 MBPS UPGRADE KEY
C000045K006A
PMP 450 10 TO Uncapped MBPS UPGRADE KEY
C000045K007A
PMP 450 20 TO Uncapped MBPS UPGRADE KEY
SG00TS4009A
PMP450 AP Extended Warranty, 1 Additional Year
SG00TS4017A
PMP450 AP Extended Warranty, 2 Additional Years
SG00TS4025A
PMP450 AP Extended Warranty, 4 Additional Years
SG00TS4010A
PMP450 SM Extended Warranty, 1 Additional Year
SG00TS4018A
PMP450 SM Extended Warranty, 2 Additional Years
SG00TS4026A
PMP450 SM Extended Warranty, 4 Additional Years
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Legal information
Chapter 3: Legal information
This chapter provides legal notices including software license agreements.
Intentional or unintentional changes or modifications to the equipment must not be made unless under the express
consent of the party responsible for compliance. Any such modifications could void the user’s authority to
operate the equipment and will void the manufacturer’s warranty.
The following topics are described in this chapter:
•
Cambium Networks end user license agreement on page 3-2
•
Hardware warranty on page 3-9
•
Limit of liability on page 3-10
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Legal information
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Acceptance of this agreement
In connection with Cambium’s delivery of certain proprietary software or products containing embedded or preloaded proprietary software, or both, Cambium is willing to license this certain proprietary software and the
accompanying documentation to you only on the condition that you accept all the terms in this End User License
Agreement (“Agreement”).
IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT USE THE PRODUCT OR
INSTALL THE SOFTWARE. INSTEAD, YOU MAY, FOR A FULL REFUND, RETURN THIS PRODUCT TO
THE LOCATION WHERE YOU ACQUIRED IT OR PROVIDE WRITTEN VERIFICATION OF DELETION
OF ALL COPIES OF THE SOFTWARE. ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO USE ON THE PRODUCT, WILL CONSTITUTE YOUR ACCEPTANCE TO THE TERMS OF THIS
AGREEMENT.
Definitions
In this Agreement, the word “Software” refers to the set of instructions for computers, in executable form and in
any media, (which may include diskette, CD-ROM, downloadable internet, hardware, or firmware) licensed to you.
The word “Documentation” refers to electronic or printed manuals and accompanying instructional aids licensed to
you. The word “Product” refers to Cambium’s fixed wireless broadband devices for which the Software and
Documentation is licensed for use.
Grant of license
Cambium Networks Limited (“Cambium”) grants you (“Licensee” or “you”) a personal, nonexclusive, nontransferable license to use the Software and Documentation subject to the Conditions of Use set forth in
“Conditions of use” and the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Any terms or conditions relating to the
Software and Documentation appearing on the face or reverse side of any purchase order, purchase order
acknowledgment or other order document that are different from, or in addition to, the terms of this Agreement will
not be binding on the parties, even if payment is accepted.
Conditions of use
Any use of the Software and Documentation outside of the conditions set forth in this Agreement is strictly
prohibited and will be deemed a breach of this Agreement.
3-2
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
1. Only you, your employees or agents may use the Software and Documentation. You will take all necessary steps
to insure that your employees and agents abide by the terms of this Agreement.
2. You will use the Software and Documentation (i) only for your internal business purposes; (ii) only as described
in the Software and Documentation; and (iii) in strict accordance with this Agreement.
3. You may use the Software and Documentation, provided that the use is in conformance with the terms set forth in
this Agreement.
4. Portions of the Software and Documentation are protected by United States copyright laws, international
treaty provisions, and other applicable laws. Therefore, you must treat the Software like any other copyrighted
material (for example, a book or musical recording) except that you may either: (i) make 1 copy of the
transportable part of the Software (which typically is supplied on diskette, CD-ROM, or downloadable
internet), solely for back-up purposes; or (ii) copy the transportable part of the Software to a PC hard disk,
provided you keep the original solely for back-up purposes. If the Documentation is in printed form, it may
not be copied. If the Documentation is in electronic form, you may print out 1 copy, which then may not be
copied. With regard to the copy made for backup or archival purposes, you agree to reproduce any Cambium
copyright notice, and other proprietary legends appearing thereon. Such copyright notice(s) may appear in any
of several forms, including machine-readable form, and you agree to reproduce such notice in each form in
which it appears, to the extent it is physically possible to do so. Unauthorized duplication of the Software or
Documentation constitutes copyright infringement, and in the United States is punishable in federal court by
fine and imprisonment.
5. You will not transfer, directly or indirectly, any product, technical data or software to any country for which
the United States Government requires an export license or other governmental approval without first
obtaining such license or approval.
Title and restrictions
If you transfer possession of any copy of the Software and Documentation to another party outside of the terms of
this agreement, your license is automatically terminated. Title and copyrights to the Software and Documentation
and any copies made by you remain with Cambium and its licensors. You will not, and will not permit others to:
(i) modify, translate, decompile, bootleg, reverse engineer, disassemble, or extract the inner workings of the
Software or Documentation, (ii) copy the look-and-feel or functionality of the Software or Documentation;
(iii) remove any proprietary notices, marks, labels, or logos from the Software or Documentation; (iv) rent or
transfer all or some of the Software or Documentation to any other party without Cambium’s prior written consent;
or (v) utilize any computer software or hardware which is designed to defeat any copy protection device, should the
Software and Documentation be equipped with such a protection device. If the Software and Documentation is
provided on multiple types of media (such as diskette, CD-ROM, downloadable internet), then you will only use the
medium which best meets your specific needs, and will not loan, rent, lease, or transfer the other media contained in
the package without Cambium’s written consent. Unauthorized copying of the Software or Documentation, or
failure to comply with any of the provisions of this Agreement, will result in automatic termination of this license.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
3-3
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Legal information
Confidentiality
You acknowledge that all Software and Documentation contain valuable proprietary information and trade
secrets and that unauthorized or improper use of the Software and Documentation will result in irreparable harm to
Cambium for which monetary damages would be inadequate and for which Cambium will be entitled to immediate
injunctive relief. If applicable, you will limit access to the Software and Documentation to those of your employees
and agents who need to use the Software and Documentation for your internal business purposes, and you will take
appropriate action with those employees and agents to preserve the confidentiality of the Software and
Documentation, using the same degree of care to avoid unauthorized or improper disclosure as you use for the
protection of your own proprietary software, but in no event less than reasonable care.
You have no obligation to preserve the confidentiality of any proprietary information that: (i) was in the public
domain at the time of disclosure; (ii) entered the public domain through no fault of yours; (iii) was given to you free
of any obligation to keep it confidential; (iv) is independently developed by you; or (v) is disclosed as required by
law provided that you notify Cambium prior to such disclosure and provide Cambium with a reasonable
opportunity to respond.
Right to use Cambium’s name
Except as required in “Conditions of use”, you will not, during the term of this Agreement or thereafter, use any
trademark of Cambium, or any word or symbol likely to be confused with any Cambium trademark, either alone or
in any combination with another word or words.
Transfer
The Software and Documentation may not be transferred to another party without the express written consent of
Cambium, regardless of whether or not such transfer is accomplished by physical or electronic means. Cambium’s
consent may be withheld at its discretion and may be conditioned upon transferee paying all applicable license fees
and agreeing to be bound by this Agreement.
Updates
During the first 12 months after purchase of a Product, or during the term of any executed Maintenance and
Support Agreement for the Product, you are entitled to receive Updates. An “Update” means any code in any form
which is a bug fix, patch, error correction, or minor enhancement, but excludes any major feature added to the
Software. Updates are available for download at the support website.
Major features may be available from time to time for an additional license fee. If Cambium makes available to
you major features and no other end user license agreement is provided, then the terms of this Agreement will
apply.
3-4
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Maintenance
Except as provided above, Cambium is not responsible for maintenance or field service of the Software under
this Agreement.
Disclaimer
CAMBIUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED,
STATUTORY, OR IN ANY COMMUNICATION WITH YOU. CAMBIUM SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS
ANY WARRANTY INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILTY,
NONINFRINGEMENT, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE AND
DOCUMENTATION ARE PROVIDED “AS IS.” CAMBIUM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE SOFTWARE
WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, OR THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE
UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE, OR THAT DEFECTS IN THE SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED.
CAMBIUM MAKES NO WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, OR
RELIABILITY OF THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion
of implied warranties, so the above exclusion may not apply to you.
Limitation of liability
THE TOTAL LIABILITY OF CAMBIUM UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FOR DAMAGES WILL NOT
EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT LICENSED UNDER THIS
AGREEMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL CAMBIUM BE LIABLE IN ANY WAY FOR INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE, INCLUDING
WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST BUSINESS PROFITS, OR LIABILITY OR INJURY TO THIRD PERSONS,
WHETHER FORESEEABLE OR NOT, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER CAMBIUM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
THE POSSIBLITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Some jurisdictions do not permit limitations of liability for incidental
or consequential damages, so the above exclusions may not apply to you.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
3-5
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Legal information
U.S. government
If you are acquiring the Product on behalf of any unit or agency of the U.S. Government, the following applies.
Use, duplication, or disclosure of the Software and Documentation is subject to the restrictions set forth in
subparagraphs (c) (1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software – Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19
(JUNE 1987), if applicable, unless being provided to the Department of Defense. If being provided to the
Department of Defense, use, duplication, or disclosure of the Products is subject to the restricted rights set forth in
subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013
(OCT 1988), if applicable. Software and Documentation may or may not include a Restricted Rights notice, or
other notice referring specifically to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. The terms and conditions of this
Agreement will each continue to apply, but only to the extent that such terms and conditions are not inconsistent
with the rights provided to you under the aforementioned provisions of the FAR and DFARS, as applicable to the
particular procuring agency and procurement transaction.
Term of license
Your right to use the Software will continue in perpetuity unless terminated as follows. Your right to use the
Software will terminate immediately without notice upon a breach of this Agreement by you. Within 30 days after
termination of this Agreement, you will certify to Cambium in writing that through your best efforts, and to the best
of your knowledge, the original and all copies, in whole or in part, in any form, of the Software and all related
material and Documentation, have been destroyed, except that, with prior written consent from Cambium, you may
retain one copy for archival or backup purposes. You may not sublicense, assign or transfer the license or the
Product, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Any attempt to otherwise sublicense, assign or transfer
any of the rights, duties or obligations hereunder is null and void.
Governing law
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the United States of America to the extent that they apply and otherwise
by the laws of the State of Illinois.
Assignment
This agreement may not be assigned by you without Cambium’s prior written consent.
Survival of provisions
The parties agree that where the context of any provision indicates an intent that it survives the term of this
Agreement, then it will survive.
3-6
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Entire agreement
This agreement contains the parties’ entire agreement regarding your use of the Software and may be amended
only in writing signed by both parties, except that Cambium may modify this Agreement as necessary to comply
with applicable laws.
Third party software
The software may contain one or more items of Third-Party Software supplied by other third-party suppliers. The
terms of this Agreement govern your use of any Third-Party Software UNLESS A SEPARATE THIRD-PARTY
SOFTWARE LICENSE IS INCLUDED, IN WHICH CASE YOUR USE OF THE THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE
WILL THEN BE GOVERNED BY THE SEPARATE THIRD-PARTY LICENSE.
ZLIB Copyright Notice
Copyright © 1995-1998 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable
for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to
alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is
not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original
software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
Jean-loup Gailly
jloup@gzip.org
Mark Adler
madler@alumni.caltech.edu
Modernizr Copyright Notice
MIT License
Copyright © 2009-2010 Faruk Ates
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
3-7
Cambium Networks end user license agreement
Legal information
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice
and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
BSD License
Copyright © 2010, Faruk Ates All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Neither the name of the Organization nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
3-8
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Hardware warranty
Hardware warranty
Cambium’s standard hardware warranty is for one (1) year from date of shipment from Cambium or a Cambium
Point-To-Point Distributor. Cambium warrants that hardware will conform to the relevant published specifications
and will be free from material defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. Cambium shall
within this time, at its own option, either repair or replace the defective product within thirty (30) days of receipt of
the defective product. Repaired or replaced product will be subject to the original warranty period but not less than
thirty (30) days.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
3-9
Limit of liability
Legal information
Limit of liability
IN NO EVENT SHALL CAMBIUM NETWORKS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY OTHER PARTY FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR OTHER
DAMAGE ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT (INCLUDING, WITHOUT
LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF
BUSINESS INFORMATION OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS, OR FROM ANY BREACH OF
WARRANTY, EVEN IF CAMBIUM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
(Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above exclusion
or limitation may not apply to you.) IN NO CASE SHALL CAMBIUM’S LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT
YOU PAID FOR THE PRODUCT.
3-10
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
Chapter 4: Reference information
This chapter contains reference information and regulatory notices that apply to the PMP 450 Series products.
The following topics are described in this chapter:
•
Equipment specifications on page 4-2 contains specifications of the AP, SM and other equipment required for
PMP 450 installations.
•
Wireless specifications on page 4-7 contains specifications of the PMP 450 wireless interface, including RF
bands, channel width and link loss.
•
Data network specifications on page 4-8 contains specifications of the PMP 450 Ethernet interface.
•
Compliance with safety standards on page 4-9 lists the safety specifications against which the PMP 450 has
been tested and certified. It also describes how to keep RF exposure within safe limits.
•
Compliance with radio regulations on page 4-13 describes how the PMP 450 complies with the radio
regulations that are enforced in various countries.
•
Notifications on page 4-26 contains notifications made to regulatory bodies for the PMP 450.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-1
Equipment specifications
Reference information
Equipment specifications
This section contains specifications of the AP, SM, associated supplies required for PMP 450 installations.
AP specifications
The PMP 450 AP conforms to the specifications listed in Table 29. These specifications apply to all PMP 450
product variants.
Table 29 Connectorized AP physical specifications
Category
Specification
Product
Model Number
C054045A001A, C054045A002A (US Only)
Spectrum
Channel Spacing
Configurable on 5 MHz increments
Frequency Range
5470 – 5875 MHz (dependent upon Region Code setting)
Channel Width
10 MHz or 20 MHz
Interface
MAC (Media Access
Control) Layer
Cambium Proprietary
Physical Layer
2x2 MIMO OFDM
Ethernet Interface
10/100BaseT, half/full duplex, rate auto negotiated (802.3 compliant)
Protocols Used
IPv4, UDP, TCP, IP, ICMP, SNMP, HTTP, FTP, RADIUS
Network
Management
HTTP, FTP, SNMP v2c, Syslog
VLAN
802.1ad (DVLAN Q-inQ), 802.1Q with 802.1p priority, dynamic port VID
Performance
4-2
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Equipment specifications
Category
Specification
Nominal Receive
Sensitivity (w/ FEC)
@ 10 MHz Channel,
Single Branch
OFDM: 2x = -86 dBm, 4x = -79 dBm, 6x = -72 dBm
Nominal Receive
Sensitivity (w/ FEC)
@ 20 MHz Channel,
Single Branch
OFDM: 2x = -83 dBm, 4x = -76 dBm, 6x = -69 dBm
Maximum
Deployment Range
Up to 40 km (25 mi)
Subscribers Per
Sector
Up to 46 (Release 12.0.1)
ARQ
Yes
Cyclic Prefix
1/16
Modulation Levels
(Adaptive)
OFDM: QPSK, QPSK (MIMO-B), 16-QAM (MIMO-B), 64-QAM (MIMO-B)
Latency
5 – 7 ms
Packets Per Second
12, 500
GPS Synchronization
Yes, via CMM3, CMM4, or UGPS
Quality of Service
Diffserv QoS
Link Budget
Antenna Beam Width
60º sectors
Combined Transmit
Power
-30 to +22 dBm (to EIRP limit by region) in 1 dB-configurable intervals
Antenna Gain
17 dBi Horizontal and Vertical
Maximum Transmit
Power
22 dBm combined OFDM
Physical
Wind Loading
190 km/hour (118 mi/hour)
Antenna Connection
50 ohm, N-type
Environmental
IP67
Temperature
-40ºC to +55ºC (-40ºF to +131ºF)
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-3
Equipment specifications
Reference information
Category
Specification
Weight
5.9 kg (13 lbs) with antenna
2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) without antenna
Dimensions (H x W x
D)
Radio: 27 x 21 x 7 cm (10.6” x 8.3” x 2.8”)
Maximum Power
Consumption
18 W
Input Voltage
29 V
Antenna: 51 x 13 x 7.3 cm (20.2” x 5.1” x 2.9”)
Security
Encryption
56-bit DES
Certifications
FCC ID
Z8H89FT0002
Industry Canada Cert
109W-0002
SM specifications
The PMP 450 SM conforms to the specifications listed in Table 30. These specifications apply to all PMP 450
product variants.
Table 30 SM physical specifications
Category
Specification
Product
Model Number
C054045C001A (4 Mbps Cap), C054045C002A (10 Mbps Cap), C054045C003A
(20 Mbps Cap), C054045C004A (Uncapped)
Spectrum
Channel Spacing
Configurable on 5 MHz increments
Frequency Range
5470 – 5875 MHz (dependent upon Region Code setting)
Channel Width
10 MHz or 20 MHz
Interface
MAC (Media Access
Control) Layer
4-4
Cambium Proprietary
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Equipment specifications
Category
Specification
Physical Layer
2x2 MIMO OFDM
Ethernet Interface
10/100BaseT, half/full duplex, rate auto negotiated (802.3 compliant)
Protocols Used
IPv4, UDP, TCP, IP, ICMP, SNMP, HTTP, FTP, RADIUS
Network
Management
HTTP, FTP, SNMP v2c, Syslog
VLAN
802.1ad (DVLAN Q-in-Q), 802.1Q with 802.1p priority, dynamic port VID
Performance
Maximum
Deployment Range
Up to 40 km (25 mi)
ARQ
Yes
Cyclic Prefix
1/16
Modulation Levels
(Adaptive)
OFDM: 1x = QPSK, 2x = QPSK-MIMO-B, 4x = 16-QAM-MIMO-B, 6x = 64QAM-MIMO-B
Latency
5 - 7 ms
GPS Synchronization
Yes
Quality of Service
Diffserv QoS
Link Budget
Antenna Beam Width
55º azimuth, 55º elevation (both horizontal and vertical)
Combined Transmit
Power
-30 to +22 dBm (to EIRP limit by region)
Antenna Gain
9 dBi H+V, integrated patch
Maximum Transmit
Power
22 dBm combined
Reflector Gain
+14 dBi
LENS Gain
+5.5 dBi
Physical
Wind Loading
190 km/hour (118 mi/hour)
Environmental
IP55
Temperature
-40ºC to +55ºC (-40ºF to +131ºF)
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-5
Equipment specifications
Reference information
Category
Specification
Weight
0.45 kg (1 lb)
Dimensions (H x W x
D)
30 x 9 x 9 cm (11.75” x 3.4” x 3.4”)
Maximum Power
Consumption
12 W
Input Voltage
29 V
Security
Encryption
56-bit DES
Certifications
4-6
FCC ID
Z8H89FT0001
Industry Canada Cert
109W-0001
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Wireless specifications
Wireless specifications
This section contains specifications of the PMP 450 wireless interface. These specifications include RF bands,
channel bandwidth, spectrum settings, maximum power and link loss.
General wireless specifications
Table 31 lists the wireless specifications that apply to all PMP 450 variants.
Table 31 PMP 450 wireless specifications
Item
Specification
Channel selection
Manual selection (fixed frequency).
Manual power control
To avoid interference to other users of the band, maximum power can
be set lower than the default power limit.
Duplex scheme
Adaptive TDD
Range
25 mi / 40 km
Over-the-air encryption
DES
Error Correction
FEC
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-7
Data network specifications
Reference information
Data network specifications
This section contains specifications of the PMP 450 Ethernet interface.
Ethernet interface
The PMP 450 Ethernet port conforms to the specifications listed in Table 32.
Table 32 PMP 450 Ethernet bridging specifications
Ethernet Bridging
Specification
Protocol
IEEE 802.3 compatible
QoS
IEEE 802.1p, IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE 802.1ad, DSCP IPv4
Interface
10/100BaseT, half/full duplex, rate auto negotiated
Maximum Ethernet Frame Size
1522 Bytes
Practical Ethernet rates will depend on network configuration, higher layer protocols and platforms used.
Over the air throughput is restricted to the rate of the Ethernet interface at the receiving end of the link.
4-8
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Compliance with safety standards
Compliance with safety standards
This section lists the safety specifications against which the PMP 450 has been tested and certified. It also describes
how to keep RF exposure within safe limits.
Electrical safety compliance
The PMP 450 hardware has been tested for compliance to the electrical safety specifications listed in Table 33.
Table 33 PMP 450 safety compliance specifications
Region
Specification
USA
UL 60950
Canada
CSA C22.2 No.60950
International
CB certified & certificate to IEC 60950
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance
Table 34 lists the EMC specification type approvals that have been granted for PMP 450.
Table 34 EMC emissions compliance
Variant
Region
Specification (Type Approvals)
PMP 450
USA
FCC Part 15 Class B
Canada
RSS Gen and RSS 210
International
EN 301 489-1 V1.9.2
EN 301 489-17 V2.1.1
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-9
Compliance with safety standards
Reference information
Human exposure to radio frequency energy
Standards
Relevant standards (USA and EC) applicable when working with RF equipment are:
•
ANSI IEEE C95.1-1991, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio
Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
•
Council recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic
fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC) and respective national regulations.
•
Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health
and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents
(electromagnetic fields) (18th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive
89/391/EEC).
•
US FCC limits for the general population. See the FCC web site at http://www.fcc.gov, and the policies,
guidelines, and requirements in Part 1 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as well as the guidelines
and suggestions for evaluating compliance in FCC OET Bulletin 65.
•
Health Canada limits for the general population. See the Health Canada web site at http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/radiation/99ehd-dhm237/limits-limites_e.html and Safety Code 6.
•
EN 50383:2002 Basic standard for the calculation and measurement of electromagnetic field strength and SAR
related to human exposure from radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication
systems (110 MHz - 40 GHz).
•
BS EN 50385:2002 Product standard to demonstrate the compliances of radio base stations and fixed terminal
stations for wireless telecommunication systems with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to
human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (110 MHz – 40 GHz) – general public.
•
ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines for the general public.
See the ICNIRP web site at http://www.icnirp.de/ and Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying
Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields.
Power density exposure limit
Install the radios for the PMP 450 family of PMP wireless solutions so as to provide and maintain the minimum
separation distances from all persons.
The applicable power density exposure limit from the standards (see Human exposure to radio frequency energy on
page 4-10) is:
•
4-10
10 W/m2 for RF energy in the 5.4-GHz and 5.8-GHz frequency bands.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Compliance with safety standards
Calculation of power density
The following calculation is based on the ANSI IEEE C95.1-1991 method, as that provides a worst case analysis.
Details of the assessment to EN50383:2002 can be provided, if required.
Peak power density in the far field of a radio frequency point source is calculated as follows:
S=
P .G
4π d 2
Where:
Is:
power density in W/m2
maximum average transmit power capability
of the radio, in W
total Tx gain as a factor, converted from dB
distance from point source, in m
Rearranging terms to solve for distance yields:
d=
P.G
4π .S
Calculated distances and power compliance margins
Table 35 shows calculated minimum separation distances, recommended distances and resulting margins for each
frequency band and antenna combination. These are conservative distances that include compliance margins. At
these and greater separation distances, the power density from the RF field is below generally accepted limits for
the general population.
PMP 450 equipment adheres to all applicable EIRP limits for transmit power when operating in MIMO mode.
Separation distances and compliance margins include compensation for both transmitters.
Explanation of terms used in Table 35:
Tx burst – maximum average transmit power in burst (Watt)
P – maximum average transmit power capability of the radio (Watt) (combined transmitters)
G – total transmit gain as a factor, converted from dB
S – power density (W/m2)
d – minimum distance from point source (meters)
R – recommended distances (meters)
C – compliance factor
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
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Compliance with safety standards
Reference information
Table 35 Power Compliance Margins
Freq.
Band
Antenna
5.4/5.8
GHz
OFDM
Variable
Recommended
Separati
on
Distance
Power
Compliance
Margin
(calc
ulated
Integrated
SM, 9 dBi
patch
0.158 W
(22 dBm)
7.9
(9 dB)
10
W/m2
10 cm
20 cm
(8 in)
40.27
Integrated
SM, 9 dBi
patch with
5.5 dBi
LENS
0.158 W
(22 dBm)
18.7
cm
50 cm (20
in)
71.01
Integrated
SM, 9 dBi
patch with
14 dBi
Reflector
Dish
0.158 W
(22 dBm)
50 cm
100 cm (40
in)
40
Connectori
zed AP,
with 17 dBi
Sector
Antenna
0.158 W
(22 dBm)
25.1
cm
50 cm (20
in)
39.77
or 1
mW/c
m2
28
(14.5
dB)
10
W/m2
199
(23
dB)
10
W/m2
50
10
W/m2
(17
dB)
or 1
mW/c
m2
or 1
mW/c
m2
or 1
mW/c
m2
Gain of antenna in dBi = 10*log(G).
The regulations require that the power used for the calculations is the maximum power in the transmit burst
subject to allowance for source-based time-averaging.
If there are no EIRP limits in the country of deployment, use the distance calculations for FCC 5.8 GHz for all
frequency bands.
4-12
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Compliance with radio regulations
Compliance with radio regulations
This section describes how the PMP 450 complies with the radio regulations that are enforced in various countries.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Cambium could void the user’s authority to operate the
system.
Type approvals
This system has achieved Type Approval in various countries around the world. This means that the system has
been tested against various local technical regulations and found to comply. The frequency bands in which the
system operates may be ‘unlicensed’ and, in these bands, the system can be used provided it does not cause
interference. The system is not guaranteed protection against interference from other products and installations.
Table 36 lists the radio specification type approvals that have been granted for PMP 450 frequency variants.
Table 36 Radio certifications
Variant
Region
Specification (Type Approvals)
5.4-GHz PMP 450
Europe
ETSI EN 301 892 v1.6.1
USA
FCC Part 15 Class B
USA
FCC Part 15 Class B
CANADA
RSS Gen and RSS 210
Europe
ETSI EN 302 502 v1.2.1
5.8-GHz PMP 450
DFS for 5.4 GHz Radios
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) is a requirement in several countries and regions for 5 GHz unlicensed
systems to detect radar systems and avoid co-channel operation. DFS and other regulatory requirements drive the
settings for the following parameters, as discussed in this section:
•
Country Code
•
Primary Frequency
•
Alternate 1 and Alternate 2 Frequencies
•
External Antenna Gain
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-13
Compliance with radio regulations
Reference information
On the AP, the Home => DFS Status” page shows current DFS status of all three frequencies and a DFS log of past
DFS events.
Figure 27 AP DFS Status
Background and Operation
The modules use region-specific DFS based on the Country Code selected on the module’s Configuration, General
page. By directing installers and technicians to set the Country Code correctly, the operator gains confidence the
module is operating according to national or regional regulations without having to deal with the details for each
region.
Some regions have requirements to avoid certain 5.4-GHz frequencies used by some weather radar. To meet this
requirement, modules set to Europe will display the center channel frequencies shown in Table 38 on page 4-16 on
the AP’s Carrier Frequency pop-up and on the SM’s Frequency Scan Selection List.
Table 37 on page 4-15 shows the details of DFS operation and channels available for each Country Code, including
whether DFS is active on the AP, SM, which DFS regulation apply, and any channel restrictions. DFS does not
apply to 4.9 GHz.
4-14
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Compliance with radio regulations
Table 37 OFDM DFS operation based on Country Code setting
Region
Country
Oceania
Australia
Europe
South
America
Denmark,
Finland,
Germany,
Greece,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Liechtenstein,
Norway,
Portugal,
Serbia, Spain,
Switzerland,
United
Kingdom
Band
AP
SM
Weather
Radar
NotchOut
5.4-GHz
FCC DFS
No effect
Yes
5.8-GHz
No effect
No effect
No
5.4-GHz
ETSI EN 301 893
v1.6.1 DFS
ETSI EN 301 893
v1.6.1 DFS
Yes
5.8-GHz
ETSI EN 302 502
v1.2.1 DFS
ETSI EN 302 502
v1.2.1 DFS
No
5.4-GHz
ETSI EN 301 893
v1.6.1 DFS
No effect
No
5.8-GHz
No effect
No effect
No
5.4-GHz
FCC/IC DFS
No effect
Yes
5.8-GHz
No effect
No effect
No
5.4-GHz
FCC DFS
No effect
Yes
5.8-GHz
No effect
No effect
No
5.4-GHz
FCC DFS
FCC DFS
No
5.8-GHz
No effect
No effect
No
5.4-GHz
ETSI EN 301 893
v1.6.1 DFS
ETSI EN 301 893
v1.6.1 DFS
No
5.8-GHz
ETSI EN 302 502
v1.2.1 DFS
ETSI EN 302 502
v1.2.1 DFS
No
Brazil
Canada
North
America
United States
Other-FCC
OtherRegulatory
Other-ETSI
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-15
Compliance with radio regulations
Reference information
Country Codes and available spectrum
Table 38 lists the Country Codes available on PMP 450 AP and SM units. Country Code settings affect the radios
in the following ways:
•
Maximum transmit power limiting (based on radio transmitter power plus configured antenna gain)
•
DFS operation is enabled based on the configured region code, if applicable
PMP 450 equipment shipped to the United States is locked to a Country Code setting of “United States”. Units
shipped to regions other than the United States must be configured with the corresponding Country Code to comply
with local regulatory requirements.
Table 38 Center channel details based on Country Code setting
OFDM
Radio
Model
PMP
450
Series
AP, 5.4GHz
†
Country
Channel
Size
Band
Edges
(MHz)
10 MHz
Brazil
Center
Channel
Spacing
# of
Center
Channels
(based on
PMP 450
available
range,
weather
notchout)
5475 – 5720
5 MHz
50
5480 – 5715
5 MHz
48
5475 – 5595;
5655 - 5720†
5 MHz
39
5470 – 5725
20 MHz
Australia,
Denmark,
Range of
Center
Frequencies
Available
(MHz)
10 MHz
5470 – 5600;
5650 - 5725
Frequencies 5600 – 5650 MHz are excluded, as ten minute Channel Availability Check is required
4-16
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
OFDM
Radio
Model
Country
Finland,
Germany,
Greece,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Liechtenstein,
Norway,
Portugal,
Serbia, Spain,
Switzerland,
United
Kingdom
Compliance with radio regulations
Channel
Size
Band
Edges
(MHz)
5 MHz
34
10 MHz
5475 – 5595;
5655 - 5720
5 MHz
39
5480 – 5590;
5660 – 5715
5 MHz
35
5475 - 5720
5 MHz
50
20 MHz
5480 – 5715
5 MHz
48
10 MHz
5730 – 5790;
5820 – 5845
5 MHz
19
5735 – 5785;
5825 – 5840
5 MHz
15
5760 – 5870
5 MHz
23
5765 – 5865
5 MHz
21
5730- 5790;
5820 – 5850
5 MHz
5470 – 5600;
5650 – 5725
10 MHz
Other
5470 – 5725
5725 – 5795;
5815 – 5850
20 MHz
10 MHz
Germany
5755 – 5875;
20 MHz
Spain
# of
Center
Channels
(based on
PMP 450
available
range,
weather
notchout)
5480 – 5590;
5660 – 5710†
20 MHz
PMP
450
Series
AP, 5.8GHz
Center
Channel
Spacing
20 MHz
United States,
Canada ‡
Denmark,
Norway,
United
Kingdom,
Finland
Range of
Center
Frequencies
Available
(MHz)
10 MHz
5725 – 5795;
5815 – 5855
20
‡
Pending release of Industry Canada approval, see Radio Equipment List (REL) at www.ic.gc.ca to confirm approval prior
to using in 5.4GHz band.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-17
Compliance with radio regulations
OFDM
Radio
Model
Country
Channel
Size
Range of
Center
Frequencies
Available
(MHz)
Center
Channel
Spacing
5735 – 5785;
5825 – 5845
5 MHz
20 MHz
10 MHz
5730 – 5790
5 MHz
13
20 MHz
5735 – 5785
5 MHz
11
10 MHz
5730 – 5870
5 MHz
29
Greece
Portugal,
Iceland,
Serbia
4-18
Band
Edges
(MHz)
5725 – 5795
5725 – 5875
5 MHz
5735 – 5865
5730 – 5790;
5820 – 5870
5 MHz
10 MHz
5735 – 5785;
5825 – 5865
5 MHz
20 MHz
10 MHz
5730 – 5845
5 MHz
5725 – 5795;
5815 – 5875
5725 - 5850
20 MHz
5735 – 5840
# of
Center
Channels
(based on
PMP 450
available
range,
weather
notchout)
16
20 MHz
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein
Australia,
Canada,
United States
Reference information
27
24
20
5 MHz
24
22
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Compliance with radio regulations
Table 39 Default combined transmit power per Country Code – 5.4-GHz band
Country
Antenn
a Gain
(dBi)
(18 dBi –
1dB cable
Combin
ed TX
Default
Setting
AP
EIRP
Limit
Combined
TX Default
Setting
AP EIRP
Limit
Device
Country
Code
Setting
loss)
10 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
20 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
United States,
Canada §
17
10
27
13
30
United States,
Canada
Brazil
17
10
27
13
30
Brazil
Australia
17
10
27
13
30
Australia
Austria,
Belgium,
Bosnia &
Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech
Republic,
France, ,
Hungary,
Ireland, Italy,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Macedonia,
Malta,
Netherlands,
Poland,
Romania,
Slovakia,
17
10
27**
13
30
Other-ETSI
Denmark
17
10
27
13
30
Denmark
Finland
17
10
27
13
30
Finland
Germany
17
10
27
13
30
Germany
Slovenia ,
Sweden
§
Pending release of Industry Canada approval, see Radio Equipment List (REL) at www.ic.gc.ca to confirm approval prior
to using in 5.4GHz band.
**
At 5.4 GHz, EU regulations are harmonized. 5600 – 5650 MHz excluded, as ten minute Channel Availability Check
(CAC) is required
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-19
Compliance with radio regulations
Country
Antenn
a Gain
(dBi)
(18 dBi –
1dB cable
Combin
ed TX
Default
Setting
Reference information
AP
EIRP
Limit
Combined
TX Default
Setting
AP EIRP
Limit
Device
Country
Code
Setting
loss)
10 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
20 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
Greece
17
10
27
13
30
Greece
Liechtenstein
17
10
27
13
30
Liechtenstein
Norway
17
10
27
13
30
Norway
Portugal
17
10
27
13
30
Portugal
Spain
17
10
27
13
30
Spain
United
Kingdom
17
10
27
13
30
United
Kingdom
Other
17
19
No EIRP /
Conducted
power
limit
19
No EIRP /
Conducted power
limit
Other
Table 40 Default combined transmit power per Country Code – 5.8-GHz band
Country
Antenn
a Gain
(dBi)
(18 dBi –
1dB cable
4-20
Combin
ed TX
Default
Setting
AP
EIRP
Limit
Combined
TX Default
Setting
AP EIRP
Limit
Device
Country
Code
Setting
loss)
10 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
20 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
Australia
17
16
36
19
36
Australia
Brazil
17
13
27
13
30
Brazil
Canada
17
16
36 (SM
EIRP
Limit=53)
19
36 (SM EIRP
Limit=53)
Canada
Denmark
17
16
33
19
36
Denmark
Finland
17
16
33
19
36
Finland
Germany
17
16
33
19
36
Germany
Greece
17
16
33
19
36
Greece
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Country
Antenn
a Gain
(dBi)
(18 dBi –
1dB cable
Compliance with radio regulations
Combin
ed TX
Default
Setting
AP
EIRP
Limit
Combined
TX Default
Setting
AP EIRP
Limit
Device
Country
Code
Setting
loss)
10 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
20 MHz Channel
Bandwidth (dBm)
India
17
16
36
19
36
India
Iceland
17
16
33
19
36
Iceland
Indonesia
17
16
36
19
36
Indonesia
Ireland
17
13
30
16
33
Ireland
Liechtenstein
17
16
33
19
36
Liechtenstein
Norway
17
16
33 (SM
EIRP
Limit=50)
19
36 (SM EIRP
Limit=53)
Norway
Portugal
17
16
33
19
36
Portugal
Serbia
17
16
33
19
36
Serbia
Spain
17
16
33
19
36
Spain
Switzerland
17
16
33
19
36
Switzerland
United
Kingdom
17
16
33
19
36
United
Kingdom
United States
17
16
33 (SM
EIRP
Limit=50)
19
36 (SM EIRP
Limit=53)
United States
After an AP with DFS is powered on it performs a channel availability check on its main carrier frequency for 1
minute, monitoring for the radar signature without transmitting. If no radar signature is detected during this minute,
the module then proceeds to normal beacon transmit mode. If it does detect a radar signature, the frequency is
marked for a 30 minute non-occupancy period, and the module moves to its 1st alternate carrier frequency. The AP
continues this behavior through its 2nd alternate frequency if needed and then waits until the first frequency ends
the 30 minute non-occupancy period. While operating, if the AP detects a weather radar signature it marks the
current carrier frequency for a 30 minute non-occupancy period and moves to check the next-in-line carrier
frequency.
An SM does not begin transmission until it detects a beacon from an AP. If APs are not transmitting, SMs will be
silent.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-21
Compliance with radio regulations
Reference information
Europe applies the ETSI specification to both APs and SMs, while Brazil applies it only to APs. In the ETSI case,
when an SM is powered on, it scans to find a Canopy beacon from a AP. If an AP is found, the SM performs a
channel availability check on that frequency for 1 minute, monitoring for the radar signature, without transmitting.
A DFS decision is made based on the following:
•
If no radar pulse is detected during this 1 minute, the SM proceeds through normal steps to register to an AP.
•
If the SM does detect radar, it locks out that frequency for 30 minutes and continues scanning other frequencies
in its scan list.
After an SM with DFS has seen a radar signature on a frequency and locked out that frequency, it may connect to a
different AP if color codes, AP transmitting frequencies, and SM scanned frequencies support that connection.
To simplify operation and ensure compliance, an SM takes on the DFS type of the AP to which it registers. For
example, when an SM in Europe registers to an AP with the Country Code set to “United Kingdom”, that SM will
use ETSI DFS, no matter what its Country Code is set to, even if its Country Code is set to “None”. Note, the
operator should still configure the Country Code in the SM correctly, as future releases may use the Country Code
for additional region-specific options.
For all modules running DFS, the module displays its DFS state on its Home => General Status page as one of the
following:
•
Checking Channel Availability Remaining time n seconds, where n counts down from 60 to
1.
•
Normal Transmit
•
Radar Detected Stop Transmitting for n minutes, where n counts down from 30 to 1.
•
Idle, only for SM/BHS, indicates module is scanning, but has not detected a beacon from an AP/BHM. Once it detects
beacon, the SM/BHS begins a Channel Availability Check on that frequency.
Regulatory Note: A PMP 450 Series AP with a Country Code set to United States will not be configurable to
another Country Code by installers or end users. This is in response to FCC KDB 594280 and ensures that end users
and professional installers will not have access to settings which could allow a radio to be configured to operate in a
manner other than that which was specified in the FCC equipment authorization grant.
Within the United States and its territories the PMP 450 Country Code is pre-configured to United States and not
selectable in the Configuration, General web page. Radios sold in regions outside of the United States and its
territories are required to set the Country Code to the region in which it is used.
4-22
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Compliance with radio regulations
FCC compliance testing
With GPS synchronization installed, the system has been tested for compliance to US (FCC) specifications. It has
been shown to comply with the limits for emitted spurious radiation for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15
of the FCC Rules in the USA. These limits have been designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference. However the equipment can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to other radio communications. There is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation.
A Class B Digital Device is a device that is marketed for use in a residential environment, notwithstanding use in
commercial, business and industrial environments.
Notwithstanding that Cambium has designed (and qualified) the PMP 450 products to generally meet the Class B
requirement to minimize the potential for interference, the PMP 450 product range is not marketed for use in a
residential environment.
FCC and ICC IDs and certification numbers
Table 41 US FCC IDs and Industry Canada Certification Numbers and Covered
Configurations
FCC ID
Industry
Canada
Cert
Number
Frequencies
20 MHz channels,
centered on 5735-5840 in
5 MHz increments (within
the 5725-5850 MHz ISM
band)
Z8H89FT0002
109W-0002
10 MHz channels,
centered on 5730-5845 in
5 MHz increments (within
the 5725-5850 MHz ISM
band)
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
Module
Families
Antenna
(OFDM)
PMP 450 AP
5.8-GHz
17 dBi
Connectorized
Maximum
Combined
Tx Output
Power
19 dBm
4-23
Compliance with radio regulations
FCC ID
Z8H89FT0002
Industry
Canada
Cert
Number
109W-0002 ††
Reference information
Frequencies
20 MHz channels,
centered on 5480 – 5590;
5660 – 5715 in 5 MHz
increments (within the
5470 – 5600; 5650 – 5725
MHz UNII band)
10 MHz channels,
centered on 5475 – 5595;
5655 – 5720 in 5 MHz
increments (within the
5470 – 5600; 5650 – 5725
MHz UNII band)
Module
Families
109W-0001
10 MHz channels,
centered on 5730-5845 in
5 MHz increments (within
the 5725-5850 MHz ISM
band)
Z8H89FT0001
109W-0001 ‡‡
Maximum
Combined
Tx Output
Power
13 dBm
PMP 450 AP
5.4-GHz
17 dBi
Connectorized
10 dBm
20 MHz channels,
centered on 5735-5840 in
5 MHz increments (within
the 5725-5850 MHz ISM
band)
Z8H89FT0001
Antenna
(OFDM)
9 dBi Integrated
PMP 450 SM
5.8-GHz
9 dBi Integrated
with 14 dBi
Reflector Dish
19 dBm
9 dBi Integrated
with 5.5 dBi
LENS
20 MHz channels,
centered on 5480 – 5590;
5660 – 5715 in 5 MHz
increments (within the
5470 – 5600; 5650 – 5725 PMP 450 SM
5.4-GHz
MHz UNII band)
9 dBi Integrated
13 dBm
10 MHz channels,
centered on 5475 – 5595;
5655 – 5720 in 5 MHz
9 dBi Integrated
with 14 dBi
Reflector Dish
10 dBm
††
Pending release of Industry Canada approval, see Radio Equipment List (REL) at www.ic.gc.ca to confirm approval prior
to using in 5.4GHz band.
‡‡
Pending release of Industry Canada approval, see Radio Equipment List (REL) at www.ic.gc.ca to confirm approval prior
to using in 5.4GHz band.
4-24
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
FCC ID
Industry
Canada
Cert
Number
Compliance with radio regulations
Frequencies
increments (within the
5470 – 5600; 5650 – 5725
MHz UNII band)
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
Module
Families
Antenna
(OFDM)
Maximum
Combined
Tx Output
Power
9 dBi Integrated
with 5.5 dBi LENS
4-25
Notifications
Reference information
Notifications
This section contains notifications of compliance with the radio regulations that are enforced in various regions.
PMP 450 regulatory compliance
The PMP 450 complies with the regulations that are enforced in the USA and Canada. The relevant notifications are
specified in this section.
PMP 450 FCC and IC notification
U.S. Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and Industry Canada (IC) Notification.
This system has achieved Type Approval in various countries around the world. This means that the system has
been tested against various local technical regulations and found to comply. The frequency band in which the
system operates is ‘license exempt’ and the system is allowed to be used provided it does not cause interference.
The licensing authority does not guarantee protection against interference from other products and installations.
This device complies with part 15 of the US FCC Rules and Regulations and with RSS-210 of Industry Canada.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. In
Canada, users should be cautioned to take note that high power radars are allocated as primary users (meaning they
have priority) of the 5650 – 5850 MHz spectrum and these radars could cause interference and/or damage to
license-exempt local area networks (LELAN).
For the connectorized version of the product and in order to reduce potential radio interference to other users, the
antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) is not more
than that permitted for successful communication.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15
of the US FCC Rules and with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with these instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
Increase the separation between the affected equipment and the unit;
•
Connect the affected equipment to a power outlet on a different circuit from that which the receiver is
connected to;
•
Consult the dealer and/or experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Where necessary, the end user is responsible for obtaining any National licenses required to operate this product
and these must be obtained before using the product in any particular country. Contact the appropriate national
administrations for details on the conditions of use for the bands in question and any exceptions that might apply.
4-26
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Notifications
Equipment Disposal
Waste (Disposal)
of Electronic
and Electric
Equipment
Please do not dispose of Electronic and Electric Equipment or
Electronic and Electric Accessories with your household waste. In
some countries or regions, collection systems have been set up to
handle waste of electrical and electronic equipment. In European
Union countries, please contact your local equipment supplier
representative or service center for information about the waste
collection system in your country.
European Union Notification for 5.4 and 5.8 GHz Product
The 5.4 and 5.8 GHz connectorized product is a two-way radio transceiver suitable for use in Broadband Wireless
Access System (WAS), Radio Local Area Network (RLAN), or Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) systems. It is a
Class 2 device and uses operating frequencies that are not harmonized throughout the EU member states. The
operator is responsible for obtaining any national licenses required to operate this product and these must be
obtained before using the product in any particular country.
Hereby, Cambium declares that the 5.4 and 5.8 GHz product complies with the essential requirements and other
relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. The relevant Declaration of Conformity can be found at
http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/doc.php.
This equipment is marked
1999/5/EC.
to show compliance with the European R&TTE directive
Regulatory Requirements for CEPT Member States (www.cept.org)
When operated in accordance with the instructions for use, Cambium Wireless equipment operating in the 5.4 GHz
bands is compliant with CEPT Recommendation 70-03 Annex 3 for Wideband Data Transmission and
HIPERLANs. For compliant operation in the 5.4 GHz band, the transmit power (EIRP) from the integrated antenna
or a connectorized antenna shall be no more than 0.5 W (27 dBm).
For EU member states, RLAN equipment in the 5.4GHz bands is exempt from individual licensing under
Commission Recommendation 2003/203/EC. Contact the appropriate national administrations for details on the
conditions of use for the bands in question and any exceptions that might apply. Also see www.ero.dk for further
information.
10 MHz channels are used, centered on 5475 to 5595 and 5655 to 5715 in 5 MHz increments. This is within the
5470 to 5725 MHz U-NII band with 5600 to 5650 MHz excluded.
Cambium Radio equipment operating in the 5470 to 5725 MHz band are categorized as “Class 1” devices within
the EU in accordance with ECC DEC(04)08 and are “CE” marked
to show compliance with
the European Radio & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) directive 1999/5/EC. The relevant
Declaration of Conformity can be found at http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/doc.php.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
4-27
Notifications
Reference information
A European Commission decision, implemented by Member States on 31 October 2005, makes the frequency band
5470-5725 MHz available in all EU Member States for wireless access systems. Under this decision, the
designation of Canopy 5.4GHz products become “Class 1 devices” and these do not require notification under
article 6, section 4 of the R&TTE Directive. Consequently, these 5.4GHz products are only marked with the
symbol and may be used in any member state.
UK Notification
The 5.8 GHz connectorized product has been notified for operation in the UK, and when operated in accordance
with instructions for use it is compliant with UK Interface Requirement IR2007. For UK use, installations must
conform to the requirements of IR2007 in terms of EIRP spectral density against elevation profile above the local
horizon in order to protect Fixed Satellite Services. The frequency range 5795-5815 MHz is assigned to Road
Transport & Traffic Telematics (RTTT) in the U.K. and shall not be used by FWA systems in order to protect
RTTT devices. UK licensing specifies that radiolocation services shall be protected by a Dynamic Frequency
Selection (DFS) mechanism to prevent co-channel operation in the presence of radar signals.
Brazil Notification
For compliant operation in the 5.4 GHz band, the Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power from the integrated antenna
or connectorized anteanna shall not exceed 27 dBm (0.5 W).
The operator is responsible for enabling the DFS feature on any Canopy 5.4 GHz radio by setting the Region Code
to “Brazil”, including after the module is reset to factory defaults.
Important Note: This equipment operates as a secondary application, so it has no rights against harmful
interference, even if generated by similar equipment, and cannot cause harmful interference on systems operating as
primary applications.
Luxembourg Notification
5.4GHz products can only be used for mobile services.
Czech Republic Notification
5.4 GHz products can be operated in accordance with the Czech General License No. GL-30/R/2000.
Italy Notification
In Italy, there is a regulation which requires a general authorization of any 5.4 GHz radio link which is used outside
the operator’s own premises. It is the responsibility of the installer or operator to have the link authorized. Details
may be found at:
http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&idmenu=672&idarea1=593&
andor=AND&idarea2=1052&id=68433§ionid=1,16&viewType=1&showMenu=1&showCat=1&idarea3=0&a
ndorcat=AND&partebassaType=0&idareaCalendario1=0&MvediT=1&idarea4=0&showArchiveNewsBotton=0&di
rectionidUser=0
The form to be used for general authorization may be found at:
http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/mise_extra/Allegato%20n19.doc
4-28
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Appendix A: Glossary
Table 42 Glossary
Term
Definition
10Base-T
Technology in Ethernet communications that can deliver 10 Mb of data across 328 feet
(100 meters) of CAT 5 cable.
169.254.0.0
Gateway IP address default in Cambium fixed wireless broadband IP network modules.
169.254.1.1
IP address default in Cambium fixed wireless broadband IP network modules.
255.255.0.0
Subnet mask default in Cambium fixed wireless broadband IP network modules and in
Microsoft and Apple operating systems.
802.3
An IEEE standard that defines the contents of frames that are transferred through
Ethernet connections. Each of these frames contains a preamble, the address to which
the frame is sent, the address that sends the frame, the length of the data to expect, the
data, and a checksum to validate that no contents were lost.
802.11
The IEEE standard for wireless local area networks.
802.15
The IEEE standard for wireless personal area networks.
Access Point
Cluster
Two to six Access Point Modules that together distribute network or Internet services
to a community of subscribers. Each Access Point Module covers a 60° or 90° sector.
This cluster covers as much as 360°. Also known as AP cluster.
Access Point
Module
Also known as AP. One module that distributes network or Internet services in a 60° or
90° sector.
ACT/4
Second-from-left LED in the module. In the operating mode, this LED is lit when data
activity is present on the Ethernet link.
Activate
To provide feature capability to a module, but not to enable (turn on) the feature in the
module. See also Enable.
Address Resolution
Protocol
Protocol defined in RFC 826 to allow a network element to correlate a host IP address
to the Ethernet address of the host. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc826.html.
Aggregate
Throughput
The sum of the throughputs in the uplink and the downlink.
AP
Access Point Module. One module that distributes network or Internet services to
subscriber modules.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
II
Glossary
Term
Definition
APs MIB
Management Information Base file that defines objects that are specific to the Access
Point Module. See also Management Information Base.
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol defined in RFC 826 to allow a network
element to correlate a host IP address to the Ethernet address of the host. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc826.html.
ASN.1
Abstract Syntax Notation One language. The format of the text files that compose the
Management Information Base.
Attenuation
Reduction of signal strength caused by the travel from the transmitter to the receiver,
and caused by any object between. In the absence of objects between, a signal that has
a short wavelength experiences a high degree of attenuation nevertheless.
BER
Bit Error Rate. The ratio of incorrect data received to correct data received.
Bit Error Rate
Ratio of incorrect data received to correct data received.
Box MIB
Management Information Base file that defines module-level objects. See also
Management Information Base.
Bridge
Network element that uses the physical address (not the logical address) of another to
pass data. The bridge passes the data to either the destination address, if found in the
simple routing table, or to all network segments other than the one that transmitted the
data. Modules are Layer 2 bridges except that, where NAT is enabled for an SM, the
SM is a Layer 3 switch. Compare to Switch and Router, and see also NAT.
Bridge Entry
Timeout Field
Value that the operator sets as the maximum interval for no activity with another
module, whose MAC address is the Bridge Entry. This interval should be longer than
the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache timeout of the router that feeds the
network.
Buckets
Theoretical data repositories that can be filled at preset rates or emptied when preset
conditions are experienced, such as when data is transferred.
Burst
Preset amount limit of data that may be continuously transferred.
C/I Ratio
Ratio of intended signal (carrier) to unintended signal (interference) received.
Carrier-tointerference Ratio
Ratio of intended reception to unintended reception.
CarSenseLost Field
This field displays how many carrier sense lost errors occurred on the Ethernet
controller.
CAT 5 Cable
Cable that delivers Ethernet communications from module to module. Later modules
auto-sense whether this cable is wired in a straight-through or crossover scheme.
chkconfig
A command that the Linux® operating system accepts to enable MySQL® and
Apache™ Server software for various run levels of the mysqld and httpd utilities.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
Cluster
Management
Module
Module that provides power, GPS timing, and networking connections for an AP
cluster. Also known as CMM. If this CMM is connected to a Backhaul Module, then
this CMM is the central point of connectivity for the entire site.
CMM
Cluster Management Module. A module that provides power, GPS timing, and
networking connections for an Access Point cluster.
CodePoint
See DiffServ.
Color Code Field
Module parameter that identifies the other modules with which communication is
allowed. The range of values is 0 to 255. When set at 0, the Color Code does not
restrict communications with any other module.
Community String
Field
Control string that allows a network management station to access MIB information
about the module.
CPE
Customer premises equipment.
CRCError Field
This field displays how many CRC errors occurred on the Ethernet controller.
CRM
Customer relationship management system.
Data Encryption
Standard
Over-the-air link option that uses secret 56-bit keys and 8 parity bits. Data Encryption
Standard (DES) performs a series of bit permutations, substitutions, and recombination
operations on blocks of data.
Demilitarized Zone
Internet Protocol area outside of a firewall. Defined in RFC 2647. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2647.html.
DES
Data Encryption Standard. An over-the-air link option that uses secret 56-bit keys and
8 parity bits. DES performs a series of bit permutations, substitutions, and
recombination operations on blocks of data.
Desensed
Received an undesired signal that was strong enough to make the module insensitive to
the desired signal.
DFS
See Dynamic Frequency Selection
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, defined in RFC 2131. Protocol that enables a
device to be assigned a new IP address and TCP/IP parameters, including a default
gateway, whenever the device reboots. Thus DHCP reduces configuration time,
conserves IP addresses, and allows modules to be moved to a different network within
the system. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2131.html. See also Static IP Address
Assignment.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
III
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Term
Definition
DiffServ
Differentiated Services, consistent with RFC 2474. A byte in the type of service (TOS)
field of packets whose values correlates to the channel on which the packet should be
sent. The value is a numeric code point. Cambium modules map each of 64 code points
to values of 0 through 7. Three of these code points have fixed values, and the
remaining 61 are settable. Values of 0 through 3 map to the low-priority channel; 4
through 7 to the high-priority channel. The mappings are the same as 802.1p VLAN
priorities. (However, configuring DiffServ does not automatically enable the VLAN
feature.) Among the settable parameters, the values are set in the AP for all downlinks
within the sector and in the SM for each uplink.
Disable
To turn off a feature in the module after both the feature activation file has activated
the module to use the feature and the operator has enabled the feature in the module.
See also Activate and Enable.
DMZ
Demilitarized Zone as defined in RFC 2647. An Internet Protocol area outside of a
firewall. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2647.html.
Dynamic Frequency
Selection
IV
Glossary
A requirement in certain countries and regions for systems to detect
interference from other systems, notably radar systems, and to avoid co-channel
operation with these systems.
Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol
See DHCP.
Electronic Serial
Number
Hardware address that the factory assigns to the module for identification in the Data
Link layer interface of the Open Systems Interconnection system. This address serves
as an electronic serial number. Same as MAC Address.
Enable
To turn on a feature in the module after the feature activation file has activated the
module to use the feature. See also Activate.
ESN
Electronic Serial Number. The hardware address that the factory assigns to the module
for identification in the Data Link layer interface of the Open Systems Interconnection
system. This address serves as an electronic serial number. Same as MAC Address.
EthBusErr Field
This field displays how many Ethernet bus errors occurred on the Ethernet controller.
Ethernet Protocol
Any of several IEEE standards that define the contents of frames that are transferred
from one network element to another through Ethernet connections.
Fade Margin
The difference between strength of the received signal and the strength that the receiver
requires for maintaining a reliable link. A higher fade margin is characteristic of a more
reliable link. Standard operating margin.
FCC
Federal Communications Commission of the U.S.A.
Field-programmable
Gate Array
Array of logic, relational data, and wiring data that is factory programmed and can be
reprogrammed.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
File Transfer
Protocol
Utility that transfers of files through TCP (Transport Control Protocol) between
computing devices that do not operate on the same platform. Defined in RFC 959. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc959.html.
FPGA
Field-programmable Gate Array. An array of logic, relational data, and wiring data that
is factory programmed and can be reprogrammed.
Frame Timing Pulse
Gated Field
Toggle parameter that prevents or allows the module to continue to propagate GPS
sync timing when the module no longer receives the timing.
Free Space Path
Loss
Signal attenuation that is naturally caused by atmospheric conditions and by the
distance between the antenna and the receiver.
Fresnel Zone
Space in which no object should exist that can attenuate, diffract, or reflect a
transmitted signal before the signal reaches the target receiver.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol, defined in RFC 959. Utility that transfers of files through TCP
(Transport Control Protocol) between computing devices that do not operate on the
same platform. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc959.html.
Global Positioning
System
Network of satellites that provides absolute time to networks on earth, which use the
time signal to synchronize transmission and reception cycles (to avoid interference) and
to provide reference for troubleshooting activities.
GPS
Global Positioning System. A network of satellites that provides absolute time to
networks on earth, which use the time signal to synchronize transmission and reception
cycles (to avoid interference) and to provide reference for troubleshooting activities.
GPS/3
Third-from-left LED in the module. In the operating mode for an Access Point Module,
this LED is continuously lit as the module receives sync pulse. In the operating mode
for a Subscriber, this LED flashes on and off to indicate that the module is not
registered.
GUI
Graphical user interface.
High-priority
Channel
Channel that supports low-latency traffic (such as Voice over IP) over low-latency
traffic (such as standard web traffic and file downloads). To recognize the latency
tolerance of traffic, this channel reads the IPv4 Type of Service DiffServ Control Point
(DSCP) bits. Enabling the high-priority channel reduces the maximum number of SMs
that can be served in the sector.
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol, used to make the Internet resources available on the
World Wide Web. Defined in RFC 2068. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2068.html.
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocols defined in RFC 792, used to identify Internet
Protocol (IP)-level problems and to allow IP links to be tested. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc792.html.
iGPS
The PMP 450 Access Point contains an internal GPS receiver (iGPS) which may be
enabled to synchronize transmit and receive cycles among all network APs utilizing
GPS synchronization (via CMM, UGPS, or iGPS).
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
VI
Glossary
Term
Definition
indiscards count
Field
How many inbound packets were discarded without errors that would have prevented
their delivery to a higher-layer protocol. (Some of these packets may have been
discarded to increase buffer space.)
inerrors count Field
How many inbound packets contained errors that prevented their delivery to a higherlayer protocol.
innucastpkts count
Field
How many inbound non-unicast (subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast)
packets were delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
inoctets count Field
How many octets were received on the interface, including those that deliver framing
information.
Intel
A registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
inucastpkts count
Field
How many inbound subnetwork-unicast packets were delivered to a higher-layer
protocol.
inunknownprotos
count Field
How many inbound packets were discarded because of an unknown or unsupported
protocol.
IP
Internet Protocol defined in RFC 791. The Network Layer in the TCP/IP protocol
stack. This protocol is applied to addressing, routing, and delivering, and re-assembling
data packets into the Data Link layer of the protocol stack. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc791.html.
IP Address
32-bit binary number that identifies a network element by both network and host. See
also Subnet Mask.
IPv4
Traditional version of Internet Protocol, which defines 32-bit fields for data
transmission.
ISM
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment radio frequency band, in the 900-MHz,
2.4-GHz, and 5.8-GHz ranges.
L2TP over IPSec
Level 2 Tunneling Protocol over IP Security. One of several virtual private network
(VPN) implementation schemes. Regardless of whether Subscriber Modules have the
Network Address Translation feature (NAT) enabled, they support VPNs that are based
on this protocol.
Late Collision Field
This field displays how many late collisions occurred on the Ethernet controller. A
normal collision occurs during the first 512 bits of the frame transmission. A collision
that occurs after the first 512 bits is considered a late collision. A late collision is a
serious network problem because the frame being transmitted is discarded. A late
collision is most commonly caused by a mismatch between duplex configurations at
the ends of a link segment.
Latency Tolerance
Acceptable tolerance for delay in the transfer of data to and from a module.
Line of Sight
Wireless path (not simply visual path) direct from module to module. The path that
results provides both ideal aim and an ideal Fresnel zone.
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
Linux
A registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
LNK/5
Furthest left LED in the module. In the operating mode, this LED is continuously lit
when the Ethernet link is present. In the aiming mode for a Subscriber Module, this
LED is part of a bar graph that indicates the quality of the RF link.
Logical Unit ID
Final octet of the 4-octet IP address of the module.
LOS
Line of sight. The wireless path (not simply visual path) direct from module to module.
The path that results provides both ideal aim and an ideal Fresnel zone.
LUID
Logical Unit ID. The final octet of the 4-octet IP address of the module.
MAC Address
Media Access Control address. The hardware address that the factory assigns to the
module for identification in the Data Link layer interface of the Open Systems
Interconnection system. This address serves as an electronic serial number.
Management
Information Base
Space that allows a program (agent) in the network to relay information to a network
monitor about the status of defined variables (objects).
Maximum
Information Rate
(MIR)
The cap applied to the bandwidth of an SM or specified group of SMs. In the Cambium
implementation, this is controlled by the Sustained Uplink Data Rate, Uplink Burst
Allocation, Sustained Downlink Data Rate, and Downlink Burst Allocation parameters.
Media Access
Control Address
Hardware address that the factory assigns to the module for identification in the Data
Link layer interface of the Open Systems Interconnection system. This address serves
as an electronic serial number.
MIB
Management Information Base. Space that allows a program (agent) in the network to
relay information to a network monitor about the status of defined variables (objects).
MIR
See Maximum Information Rate.
NAT
Network Address Translation defined in RFC 1631. A scheme that isolates Subscriber
Modules from the Internet. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1631.html.
NEC
National Electrical Code. The set of national wiring standards that are enforced in the
U.S.A.
NetBIOS
Protocol defined in RFC 1001 and RFC 1002 to support an applications programming
interface in TCP/IP. This interface allows a computer to transmit and receive data with
another host computer on the network. RFC 1001 defines the concepts and methods.
RFC 1002 defines the detailed specifications. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1001.html and http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1002.html.
Network Address
Translation
Scheme that defines the Access Point Module as a proxy server to isolate registered
Subscriber Modules from the Internet. Defined in RFC 1631. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1631.html.
Network
Management
Station
See NMS.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
VII
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
NMS
Network Management Station. A monitor device that uses Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) to control, gather, and report information about
predefined network variables (objects). See also Simple Network Management
Protocol.
Object
Network variable that is defined in the Management Information Base.
outdiscards count
Field
How many outbound packets were discarded without errors that would have prevented
their transmission. (Some of these packets may have been discarded to increase buffer
space.)
outerrrors count
Field
How many outbound packets contained errors that prevented their transmission.
outnucastpkts count
Field
How many packets for which the higher-level protocols requested transmission to a
non-unicast (subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) address. The number
includes those that were discarded or not sent.
outoctets count
Field
How many octets were transmitted out of the interface, including those that deliver
framing information.
outucastpkts count
Field
How many packets for which the higher-level protocols requested transmission to a
subnetwork-unicast address. The number includes those that were discarded or not sent.
Override Plug
Device that enables the operator to regain control of a module that has been locked by
the No Remote Access feature, the 802.3 Link Disable feature, or a password or IP
address that cannot be recalled. This device can be either fabricated on site or ordered.
PMP
See Point-to-Multipoint Protocol.
Point-to-Multipoint
Protocol
Defined in RFC 2178, which specifies that data that originates from a central network
element can be received by all other network elements, but data that originates from a
non-central network element can be received by only the central network element. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2178.html. Also referenced as PMP.
PPPoE
Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet. Supported on SMs for
operators who use PPPoE in other parts of their network
operators who want to deploy PPPoE to realize per-subscriber authentication, metrics,
and usage control.
VIII
PPTP
Point to Point Tunneling Protocol. One of several virtual private network
implementations. Regardless of whether the Network Address Translation (NAT)
feature enabled, Subscriber Modules support VPNs that are based on this protocol.
Protective Earth
Connection to earth (which has a charge of 0 volts). Also known as ground.
Proxy Server
Network computer that isolates another from the Internet. The proxy server
communicates for the other computer, and sends replies to only the appropriate
computer, which has an IP address that is not unique or not registered.
PTMP
See Point-to-Multipoint Protocol.
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
Quick Start
Interface page that requires minimal configuration for initial module operation.
Radio Signal
Strength Indicator
Relative measure of the strength of a received signal. An acceptable link displays an
Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value of greater than 700.
Recharging
Resumed accumulation of data in available data space (buckets). See Buckets.
Red Hat
A registered trademark of Red Hat, Inc.
Reflection
Change of direction and reduction of amplitude of a signal that encounters an object
larger than the wavelength. Reflection may cause an additional copy of the wavelength
to arrive after the original, unobstructed wavelength arrives. This causes partial
cancellation of the signal and may render the link unacceptable. However, in some
instances where the direct signal cannot be received, the reflected copy may be
received and render an otherwise unacceptable link acceptable.
Region Code
A parameter that offers multiple fixed selections, each of which automatically
implements frequency band range restrictions for the selected region. Units shipped to
regions other than the United States must be configured with the corresponding Region
Code to comply with local regulatory requirements.
Registrations MIB
Management Information Base file that defines registrations for global items such as
product identities and product components. See also Management Information Base.
RetransLimitExp
Field
This field displays how many times the retransmit limit has expired.
RF
Radio frequency. How many times each second a cycle in the antenna occurs, from
positive to negative and back to positive amplitude.
RJ-11
Standard cable that is typically used for telephone line or modem connection.
RJ-45
Standard cable that is typically used for Ethernet connection. This cable may be wired
as straight-through or as crossover. Later modules auto-sense whether the cable is
straight-through or crossover.
Router
Network element that uses the logical (IP) address of another to pass data to only the
intended recipient. Compare to Switch and Bridge.
RPM
Red Hat® Package Manager.
RSSI
Radio Signal Strength Indicator. A relative measure of the strength of a received signal.
An acceptable link displays an RSSI value of greater than 700.
RxBabErr Field
This field displays how many receiver babble errors occurred.
RxOverrun Field
This field displays how many receiver overrun errors occurred on the Ethernet
controller.
Secure Shell
A trademark of SSH Communications Security.
Self-interference
Interference with a module from another module in the same network.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
IX
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
SES/2
Third-from-right LED in the module. In the Access Point Module and Backhaul timing
master, this LED is unused. In the operating mode for a Subscriber Module or a
Backhaul timing slave, this LED flashes on and off to indicate that the module is not
registered. In the aiming mode for a Subscriber Module or a Backhaul timing slave,
this LED is part of a bar graph that indicates the quality of the RF link.
Simple Network
Management
Protocol
Standard that is used for communications between a program (agent) in the network
and a network management station (monitor). Defined in RFC 1157. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1157.html.
SM
Customer premises equipment (CPE) device that extends network or Internet services
by communication with an Access Point Module or an Access Point cluster.
SM MIB
Management Information Base file that defines objects that are specific to the
Subscriber Module or Backhaul timing slave. See also Management Information Base.
SNMP
See Simple Network Management Protocol, defined in RFC 1157.
SNMP Trap
Capture of information that informs the network monitor through Simple Network
Management Protocol of a monitored occurrence in the module.
Static IP Address
Assignment
Assignment of Internet Protocol address that can be changed only manually. Thus static
IP address assignment requires more configuration time and consumes more of the
available IP addresses than DHCP address assignment does. RFC 2050 provides
guidelines for the static allocation of IP addresses. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2050.html. See also DHCP.
su -
A command that opens a Linux® operating system session for the user root.
Subnet Mask
32-bit binary number that filters an IP address to reveal what part identifies the network
and what part identifies the host. The number of subnet mask bits that are set to 1
indicates how many leading bits of the IP address identify the network. The number of
subnet mask bits that are set 0 indicate how many trailing bits of the IP address identify
the host.
Subscriber Module
Customer premises equipment (CPE) device that extends network or Internet services
by communication with an Access Point Module or an Access Point cluster.
Sustained Data Rate
Preset rate limit of data transfer.
Switch
Network element that uses the port that is associated with the physical address of
another to pass data to only the intended recipient. Compare to Bridge and Router.
SYN/1
Second-from-right LED in the module. In the Access Point Module or in a registered
Subscriber, this LED is continuously lit to indicate the presence of sync. In the
operating mode for a Subscriber Module, this LED flashes on and to indicate that the
module is not registered.
Sync
GPS (Global Positioning System) absolute time, which is passed from one module to
another. Sync enables timing that prevents modules from transmitting or receiving
interference. Sync also provides correlative time stamps for troubleshooting efforts.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
PMP 450 Planning Guide
Glossary
Term
Definition
TCP
Alternatively known as Transmission Control Protocol or Transport Control Protocol.
The Transport Layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack. This protocol is applied to assure
that data packets arrive at the target network element and to control the flow of data
through the Internet. Defined in RFC 793. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc793.html.
TDD
Time Division Duplexing. Synchronized data transmission with some time slots
allocated to devices transmitting on the uplink and some to the device transmitting on
the downlink.
telnet
Utility that allows a client computer to update a server. A firewall can prevent the use
of the telnet utility to breach the security of the server. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc818.html, http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc854.html and
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc855.html.
Textual
Conventions MIB
Management Information Base file that defines system-specific textual conventions.
See also Management Information Base.
Tokens
Theoretical amounts of data. See also Buckets.
TOS
8-bit field in that prioritizes data in a IP transmission. See
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1349.html.
TxUnderrun Field
This field displays how many transmission-underrun errors occurred on the Ethernet
controller.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. A set of Network, Transport, and Session Layer protocols that
RFC 768 defines. These protocols include checksum and address information but does
not retransmit data or process any errors. See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc768.html.
udp
User-defined type of port.
U-NII
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure radio frequency band, in the 5.1-GHz
through 5.8-GHz ranges.
VID
VLAN identifier. See also VLAN.
VLAN
Virtual local area network. An association of devices through software that contains
broadcast traffic, as routers would, but in the switch-level protocol.
VPN
Virtual private network for communication over a public network. One typical use is to
connect remote employees, who are at home or in a different city, to their corporate
network over the Internet. Any of several VPN implementation schemes is possible.
SMs support L2TP over IPSec (Level 2 Tunneling Protocol over IP Security) VPNs
and PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) VPNs, regardless of whether the
Network Address Translation (NAT) feature enabled.
pmp-0047 (December 2012)
XI

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