Carlson Wireless Technologies I-WLL-T Rooftop Fixed Direct Sequence WLL Transceiver User Manual 2 12 pub
Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc Rooftop Fixed Direct Sequence WLL Transceiver 2 12 pub
Contents
- 1. Professional Manual
- 2. Users Manual
Users Manual
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 16
CARLSON WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES, Inc.
CARLSON WIRELESS USA
USA Headquarters:
1180-B Evergreen Road
P.O. Box 2400
Redway, CA 95560 USA
Tel: +1 707 923 3000
Fax: +1 707 923 1913
Email sales@wireless-telephone.com
URL http://www.wireless-telephone.com
DISTRIBUTED BY:
About Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc.
Carlson Wireless Technologies, Inc. was formed in March
1999 as a privately held corporation based in Redway, Cali-
fornia. Carlson Wireless Technologies (CWT) is dedicated to
designing, manufacturing and marketing state-of-the-art digi-
tal WLL (wireless local loop) telephone systems that provide
high-quality voice and data for rural and remote telephone
users worldwide. CWT was founded by James Carlson fol-
lowing a 15-month product development by a team of engi-
neers at Carlson Engineering Services (CES),. In 1999 CWT
purchased the rights to the digital wireless telephone system
designed by CES. CWT will market and manufacture the
product, which has been named "The i-WLL Internet-Ready,
All-Digital Wireless Remote Telephone Link."
CWT is marketing the i-WLL product through established
telecom and wireless equipment distributors. Please contact
our sales department +1 707 923 3000, or sales@wireless-
telephone.com for more information.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 1
INSTALLATION and USERS MANUAL for
Model i-WLL– T Trailblazer 2 Line
Caution! - Please read the sections on
Unpacking, Planning, and Installation be-
fore installing this equipment
Trailblazer with Integral Antenna
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCOPE OF MANUAL
R.F. SAFETY HAZARD WARNING
UNPACKING
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
SYSTEM PLANNING
INSTALLATION
TROUBLESHOOTING
SPECIFICATIONS
COMPLIANCE INFORMATION
WARRANTY
i-WLL, the i-WLL logo , Trailblazer, the Trailblazer logo, Carlson Wire-
less USA, and the Carlson Wireless logo are registered trademarks of
Carlson Wireless Telephone Inc. Any trademarks, trade names, ser-
vice marks, or service names owned or registered by any other com-
pany and used in this manual are the property of their respective
companies. Copyright 1999, 2000, Carlson Wireless Technologies
Inc. All rights reserved.
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Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 15
Carlson Wireless USA Limited Warranty
Carlson Wireless Technologies (CWT) or Carlson Wireless USA, Col-
lectively referred to as "Carlson“) will repair this product with new or
rebuilt parts, free of charge, in the USA or Puerto Rico for two (2) years
from the date of original purchase in the event of a defect in material or
workmanship. Mail-in service in the USA can be obtained during the
warranty period from a Carlson Factory Service center by calling +1-
707-923 4736, for a RMA (Return Materials Authorization) number and
mail your product adequately packed, postage paid and insured to the
address provided. This warranty is extended only to the original pur-
chaser. A purchase receipt or other proof of date of original purchase
will be required before warranty performance is rendered. This war-
ranty only covers failures due to defects in materials or workmanship
which occur during normal use. It does not cover damage which occurs
in shipment or failures which are caused by products not supplied by
Carlson or failures which result from accident, misuse, abuse, neglect,
mishandling, misapplication, alteration. modification, lightning, line
power surge, introduction of sand, dust, humidity and liquids or com-
mercial use of the product, or service by anyone other than a Carlson
Factory Service center or authorized Carlson Service center, or dam-
age that is attributable to acts of God.
Limits and Exclusions
There are no express warranties except as listed above.
CARLSON SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSE-
QUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS
PRODUCT, OR ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS WAR-
RANTY. ALL EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING
THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED TO THE APPLICABLE
WARRANTY PERIOD SET FORTH ABOVE.
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or
consequential damages, or limitations on how long an implied war-
ranty lasts, so the above exclusions or limitations may not apply to
you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also
have other rights which vary from state to state. If a problem with this
product develops during or after the warranty period you may contact
your dealer or Service center. If the problem is not handled to your sat-
isfaction, fax, phone, or write the company at the address indicated in
the service section of this manual.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 14
Radio interference
Carlson Wireless USA Model: i-WLL-Trailblazer
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject
to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful in-
terference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes of
modification not expressly approved by the party responsible for compli-
ance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Compliance and US Regulatory Information
Connection to the Telephone Network
The equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. You will find the
label located on the device. This label contains the FCC Registration
Number and the Ringer Equivalence Number ((REN) for this equipment.
You must, upon request, provide this information to your telephone com-
pany.
The REN is useful to determine the quantity of devices you may connect
to your telephone line and still have all of those devices ring when you
telephone number is called. In most, but not all, areas, the sum of the
REN’s of all devices connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0).
To be certain of the number of devices you may connect to your tele-
phone line , as determined by the REN, you should call your local tele-
phone company to determine the maximum REN for your calling area.
Incidence of Harm
If your telephone equipment cause harm to the telephone network, the
telephone company may disconnect your service temporarily. If possible,
they will notify you in advance. But if advance notice is not practical, you
will be notified as soon as possible. You will be informed of your right to
file a compliant with the FCC.
Rights of the Telephone Company
Your telephone company may make change in its facilities, equipment,
operations or procedures that could affect the proper functioning of your
equipment. If they do, you will be notified in advance to give you an op-
portunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service.
Coin Service or Party Use Line
This equipment may not be used on the coin service provided by the tele-
phone company. Connection to party lines is subject to state tariffs.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 3
UNPACKING
The i-WLL-Trailblazer system will arrive in one box approximately 19 x
15x 13 inches (47 x 37 x 32 cm). Small amounts of feed cable and/or
power supplies may also be included in this box if ordered.
Caution! Observe static precautions when wiring or handling circuit
boards. We provide secondary lightening protection only. Unless your
feed cable is very short (less than 50 ft total) you will need a primary gas
discharge type lightening protector also. At the office side of connection
your telephone provider should have installed a primary protector.
There are nylon standoffs holding the antenna element to the reflector
plate. These are fragile and can easily be over-tightened. They are set to
a specific torque and if over-tightened may fail.
SCOPE OF MANUAL
This manual is designed to support the installation, operation and mainte-
nance of the i-WLL–Trailblazer All-Digital Remote Wireless Telephone
Link. To avoid harm to persons or damage to the product please ensure
that you have read through the unpacking and installation sections before
R.F. SAFETY HAZARD WARNING
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set
forth for an uncontrolled environment when installed as directed.
This equipment should be installed and operated with fix-mounted
antennas that are installed with a minimum of 2 meters of
separation between the antenna and all persons body during normal
operation.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 4
The i-WLL breakthrough offers many advantages not found in the market
today:
•Never needs tuning because i-WLL is a 100% digital, self-configuring,
eight channel system. This simplifies installation and greatly reduces
the need for maintenance and service over time.
•Complete privacy is assured by the fully encrypted, spread-spectrum
modulation scheme.
•Highly efficient spectrum use from a unique combination of FDMA
and CDMA.
•Seamless integration with the global telephone network assured by i-
WLL’s worldwide ISDN system architecture with full 144 kbps band-
width.
•No individual license needed for operation - the i-WLL Trailblazer
uses the globally license-exempt 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band.
•Flexible voltage – low power usage - just 2 to 4 Watts at any DC volt-
age between 12 and 48V.
•Small, lightweight, self-contained units make the Trailblazer easy to
install. FXO (central office) and FXS (subscriber) units - include all
electronics, antenna and RF cabling and are housed in a weather-
proof enclosure just 8h x 10w x 5d inches (22h x 27w x 13d cm) .
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The i-WLL-T All-Digital, Internet-Ready, Remote Phone Link is a dual line,
point-to-point, spread spectrum telephone system that delivers v.34 data
rates, providing email and Internet web surfing from your remote PC - as
well as high-quality voice! And both lines are fully independent and will
transmit either voice or data.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 13
RF PERFORMANCE
Frequency Range
RF Channels
Spreading Method
Modulation
Spreading Codes
Processing Gain
ERP (Effective Radiated Power)
Receive Sensitivity
System Range
BMD8 USA – 27773-PT-E
OPA-I-WLL
3448-10241A
3448-391166A
2400 to 2483.5 MHz
6 operational + 1 administrative
Direct Sequence
BPSK
4
12 dB
16 +14 = 30 dBm
-95 dBm @10-6 BER
14 miles (22 km) w/ 13 dB fade
PHYSICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS
Enclosure Material
Dimensions ( inches)
Dimensions (cm)
Shipping Wt (system complete)
Shipping Size (inches)
Shipping Size (cm)
Operating Temp
Humidity
Shock and Vibration
Exposure to the Elements
GE Valox w/ neoprene gasket
8 1/2 w x 10 1/2 lg x 5 dp
22 w x 27 lg x 13 dp
18 lbs (8 kg)
19 x 15 x 13
47 x 37 x 32
-30 to +60 degrees C
10 to 95% non-condensing
Mil standard 810 D
Nema 4X, all except submerged
WARRANTY 2 years parts and labor
CERTIFICATIONS AND REGULATORY
FCC Reg No., Part 68
FCC Reg No., Part 15
Industry Canada CS-03
Industry Canada RSS-210/139
Specification subject to change without notice
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 12
Voice Coding
Signaling
Modem Support
Fax Support
Digital Interface
Idle Channel Noise
End-to-End System Latency
SPECIFICATIONS
BASEBAND PERFORMANCE
Uncompressed 64 kb/s PCM
DTMF is passed through
up to V.34-1996, (33.6 kb/s)
up to G4, unrestricted
Asynchronous, RS-232, DCE
-68 dBm max (20 dBrnCo)
5 ms typical
NETWORK INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS - FXO or Central Office
Line Impedance
Maximum Loop Length
Ring Equivalent Number
Ring Detect
2 Wire Return Loss (ERL)
900 Ohm +2.16 uF, loop start
1500 Ohms
0.3B
40-110 Vrms, 17-34 Hz
Greater than 20 dB
Line Impedance
Loop Current
Maximum Loop Length
Ringing Voltage
Ringing Frequency
Ringing Load
2 Wire Return Loss (ERL)
NETWORK INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS - FXS or Subscriber
600 Ohm, loop start
27 mA fixed
600 Ohms including instrument
86 Vrms Modified Sq Wave
20 Hz standard., 16, 25 Hz opt
5 REN-B max (5 Watts)
Greater than 20 dB
POWER REQUIREMENTS & CONSUMPTION
Filtered DC
Absolute Minimum / Maximum
FXS End, On-Hook
FXS End, 2 Lines Off-Hook
FXO End - On or Off-Hook
12 to 48 volts
10 to 55 volts
2 Watts max
4 Watts typ
2 Watts max
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 5
SYSTEM PLANNING
Certain requirements are necessary for the i-WLL-Trailblazer system to
function.
(1) A radio path with losses fitting within the capacity of the system.
What’s an acceptable “Link Margin“? One accepted theory is that 10 dB
of fade margin will deliver a 90% reliability and 20 dB wi ll deliver a 99%
reliability etc.. There are other factors that affect this including multipath
and polarization. At 2.4 GHz there is only a small ground wave compo-
nent involved in the radio propagation. This means that the above num-
bers are presuming clear LOS (line of sight) and first Fresnel zone. Multi-
path occurs when a reflector such as earth’s terrain or man made struc-
tures cause additional delayed signals to be received. If a reflected signal
was delayed 180 degrees out of phase with the line of sight signal, and
the magnitudes are the same, they will cancel out completely! In the real
world, if you do have line of sight path, multi-path degradation is the rea-
son why you need a minimum of 16 to 20 dB of margin. If you don’t have
line of sight, multi-path could easily cause 16 dB of degradation.
Fade Margin Chart
The above chart shows various antenna and distance combinations. The
external antenna option is only available through professionally trained
dealers.
Distance Distance Antenna Gain Frequency Path Loss ERP Link Margin
in miles in km in dBi in GHz in dB in dBm in dB
1.5 2.4 14.0 2.45 108 30 32
2.0 3.2 14.0 2.45 110 30 30
5.0 8.0 14.0 2.45 118 30 22
7.0 11.3 14.0 2.45 121 30 19
8.0 12.9 14.0 2.45 122 30 17
10.0 16.1 14.0 2.45 124 30 16
12.0 19.3 14.0 2.45 126 30 14
14.0 22.5 14.0 2.45 127 30 13
20.0 32.2 14.0 2.45 130 30 10
20.0 32.2 20.0 2.45 130 36 22
30.0 48.3 23.0 2.45 134 39 24
50.0 80.5 27.0 2.45 138 43 28
* Note: external antennas used for 20, 30 and 50 mile paths
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 6
(2) Other users of the 2.400 to 2.483 GHz ISM band.
The ISM or Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band, is shared with many
other type of services. Some examples follow:
Video Transmitters
These devices use analog radios which are usually fixed in frequency, 6
to 10 MHz bandwidth, low power with an ERP* of less then +10dBm.
Cordless phones
These devices are narrow band and fixed in frequency (during each use),
a 1 to 2 MHz bandwidth, low power with an ERP of less then +10dBm.
Local Area Network (Lan) Bridges
These devices are true spread spectrum devices, either a 1 MHz band-
width frequency hopping (FH) over the complete band or a CDMA type of
a 16 MHz bandwidth and stationary. ERP’s can range up into the +30’s
(dBm).
Microwave ovens
We have measured typical consumer microwave oven outputs at levels
up to +20dBm ERP. This consists of narrow less than 1 MHz wide spikes,
sweeping wildly in frequency due to the circulators built into the ovens.
The higher power spikes were mostly concentrated in the upper half of
the band between 2450 and 2485 MHz. Fortunately few of the users are
located in rural areas, leaving sharing concerns down to consumer micro-
wave ovens, LAN’s and other rural telephone users. The functionality of
the i-WLL Trailblazer system depends on the existing and forecasted
spectrum usage in the radio path. Due to the characteristics of the
spread spectrum radio, the ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
was able to coordinate this band globally for unlicensed use. This means
that any user has to accept all other users in this band, interfering or not.
How this impacts the CDMA/FDMA technology used in the I-WLL.
If the interfering signal is stationary and has a bandwidth less than 3 MHz
it will not create any significant problem even if it is 100 times (20dB)
stronger than the receive threshold. If the interfering signal has a band-
width wider than 4 MHz and is 10 times (10dB) stronger than the receive
threshold, it can render that channel(s) unusable. If the interfering signal
is hopping from frequency to frequency throughout the band such as the
Lan bridge device and is only 1/10 (–10dB) as strong as the receive
threshold, it can cause significant dropouts.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 11
TROUBLESHOOTING
The outcome of the installation is dependent on the weakest link.
Five things are paramount to his system working well:
(1) An acceptable radio path
(2) Other users of the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
(3) Customer’s wiring of power and telephone circuits
(4) Antenna alignment within +/- 10 degrees for i-WLL-Trailblazer
(5) Quality of the telephone lines from the telephone company
(6) Quality of the power supplies.
If the system appears dead, with no tones audible on the subscriber
phone, look for a wiring fault. You can test for loop voltage at the FXS end
by measuring the voltage on each line. Each should be 30 VDC. Next
would be checking the DC current used by each unit. For example the
FXS unit with 16 Volts provided should draw (2W / 16V) ~125 mA. at idle
and ~300 mA with both lines off hook. This test is very useful to prove out
the wiring.
Next , check to see that the radio located under the daughter card is all
the way inserted into it’s socket by ejecting it and reinserting at the same
time seating the antenna connector into the radio.
Next, it will be important to confirm that a local test at the FXO base site
was done. If not, you will need to bring the FXS unit back to the base site
and temporarily connect the FXS unit up and confirm proper local opera-
tion.
If the system cuts in and out, or fails to draw dial tone, look for an align-
ment problem or path obstruction. Also you should check to see if not in a
rural area you may have a congested frequency band.
If you are having cross-talk between lines, examine the phone cabling
making sure it is individually twisted pairs, preferably with a Category 5
rating.
If after checking the above, you are still having problems please contact
our sales dept. for technical assistance by phone or email.
A note about the power supplies: The FXO unit will draw 2W off hook or
idle. The FXS will draw 2W idle and 4W with both lines off hook. We sug-
gest over-sizing the supplies by at least 3 times. For example a 15 volt
filtered DC switching type supply @ 1.00 Amp. It is much more likely to
survive power fluctuations and environmental temperatures and the extra
voltage above 12 allows for losses in the feed wire.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 10
(4) Rough alignment. This is usually easier then it would seem. Since it
is a prerequisite that you have line of sight between the two points, here
are several ideas that have worked for installers:
(1) If you can see the other unit, simply aim the units towards each other.
(2) During midday, use a mirror or compact disk to create a reflection ap-
proximately towards the other site while someone watches for the flash.
(3) Plot out the path on a topo map and set the antennas using a com-
pass.
How close in alignment do they need to be? +/- 10 degrees will be
adequate for most paths using the 14 dB gain antenna. Certain paths that
have a low fade margin may require a more accurate setting.
Final alignment. This is usually done by connecting a standard cordless
phone to the FXS or FXO end, and then give a best guess to the direc-
tion, establish a connection and rotating the antennas both right and left
noting the points where the signal disappears, (assuming that it does) and
then centering them between those cutoff points.
Photo showing assembly of mount and adjustment screws
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 7
(4) Mounting structure.
Warning! Use extreme caution to avoid contact with any high volt-
age power lines when constructing antenna structures!
The enclosure is designed to mount on a steel vertical mast, with an ac-
tual outside diameter of 1.3 to 2.5 inches ( 3 to 6 cm ). This mast must
locate the radiating element at least 6.6 feet (2 m) from any persons, not
move significantly in any anticipated wind and must be connected with a
bare copper #8 AWG wire to a copper clad ground rod driven at least 6.6
feet (2 m) into moist earth.
(3) Availability of telephone service and power.
The I-WLL-Trailblazer system consists of two units. One is designed to
connect to the standard phone lines provided by a local telephone com-
pany office (FXO side) and the other connects to the telephone instru-
ments such as; DTMF (touch tone) telephones, fax machines, and com-
puter modems (FXS side) via individually twisted pair phone/data cable.
The system is very flexible about voltage requirements. 12 to 48 Volts DC
with the current being inversely proportional to the voltage, the power use
being approximately 2 Watts for the FXO side, in any state, and 2 to 4
Watts for the FXS side depending on usage state. We recommend over-
sizing the supply by 1.5 to 2 times. Depending on the length, most instal-
lations can use 4 twisted pair, #22 AWG feed cable. This will drop about 1
volt per 100 feet of length. To allow for most voltage drop situations we
recommend a 15 volt, 1 A power supplies.
We minimize the interference from these devices through intelligent chan-
nel selection and external directional antennas.
Intelligent Channel Selection
Our system needs about 10 MHz of clear bandwidth to operate properly.
If the system experiences undesirable interference levels the next call will
be chosen on a different channel. If the system experiences minimal inter-
ference levels then that channel will remain as a favorite. This is similar to
what we have seen in some of the more sophisticated cordless tele-
phones.
A very directional antenna
For professionally trained dealers we have we have a much tighter beam-
width antenna utilizing a parabolic grid design. This antenna provides
very high side and rear signal rejection and only adds a small percentage
of cost of the system.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 8
INSTALLATION
Note that the installation of the FXO and FSO units are quite similar
(1) Connecting the feed cable to the outside unit. Begin by removing
the 4 front cover screws. Now remove 2 upper screws holding the hinged
backplate. The backplate will now hinge down exposing the electronics
section. Notice there are 2 circuit boards stacked together. The top board
contains the digital radio and interface with the lower board containing the
power supply and analog interface. There are two screw down terminal
blocks on the left side. One block has 2 connections and it is where the
DC power supply connects. The other block has 4 connections, for tele-
phone lines 1 and 2. The following diagram shows how to wire the con-
nectors.
TIMESAVER TIP! By installing the FXO unit first, you can test the sys-
tem locally by temporarily connecting the FXS unit up at the FXO site and
proving your connections. This can greatly simplify any trouble shooting
you may have later.
Carlson Wireless USA revision 2.12 Page 9
(3) Lightning protection. Grounding of the drain wire: For feed cable
runs of less than 35 feet (10m) and not located in a highly active lightning
area, connecting the bare drain wire to a copper clad ground rod driven at
least 6 feet (2m) into moist earth with a short copper #8 AWG wire at the
point of the terminal block may suffice. The antenna mast must also be
grounded in the same fashion by a separate grounding rod. However if
the run is longer than 35 feet or the location is in a highly active lightning
area then a standard 3 way gas tube protector must be added. Connect-
ing information on this device is provided by its manufacturer.
(2) Connecting the feed cable to the inside equipment.
Inside the building the feed cable is brought out to a terminal block con-
sisting of 4 pairs of screw down connections. The following diagram
shows how to wire the connectors. Frequently the pair used for power
may be paralleled with the 4th spare pair to allow less voltage loss in the
feed cable especially if the run is longer than 100 feet.