D Link DIR655A3 Xtreme N GIGABIT ROUTER User Manual Manual Part 2

D Link Corporation Xtreme N GIGABIT ROUTER Manual Part 2

Contents

Manual Part 2

51D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationUse  this  option  to  save  the  current  router configuration settings to a file on the hard disk of the computer you are using. First, click the Save  button. You  will  then  see  a  file  dialog, where you can select a location and file name for the settings. Use  this  option  to  load  previously  saved router  configuration  settings.  First,  use  the Browse  control  to  find  a  previously  save  file of configuration settings. Then, click the Load button to transfer those settings to the router. This option will restore all configuration settings back to the settings that were in effect at the time the  router  was shipped from  the factory. Any settings that have not been saved will be lost, including any rules that you have created. If you want to save the current router configuration settings, use the Save button above. Click to reboot the router.Save Settings to Local Hard Drive:Load Settings from Local Hard Drive:Restore to Factory Default Settings:Reboot Device:System Settings
52D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationClick on Check Online Now for Latest Firmware Version to find out if there is an updated firmware; if so, download the  new firmware to your hard drive.After  you  have  downloaded the  new  firmware, click Browse to locate the firmware update on your hard drive.  Click Upload to complete the firmware upgrade.Check Automatically Check Online for Latest Firmware Version  to  have  the  router  check automatically to see if there is a new firmware upgrade.Check Email Notification of Newer Firmware Version to have the router send an email when there is a new firmware available.Firmware Upgrade:Browse:Notifications Options:Update FirmwareYou can upgrade the firmware of the Router here. Make sure the firmware you want to use is on the local hard drive of the computer. Click on Browse to locate the firmware file to be used for the update. Please check the D-Link support site for firmware updates at http://support.dlink.com. You can download firmware upgrades to your hard drive from the D-Link support site.
53D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationDynamic Domain Name System is a method of keeping a domain name linked to a changing IP Address. Check the box to enable DDNS.Choose  your DDNS  provider  from  the  drop down menu.Enter the Host Name that you registered with your DDNS service provider.Enter the Username for your DDNS account.Enter the Password for your DDNS account.Enter a time (in hours).DDNS:Server Address:Host Name:Username or Key:Password or Key:Timeout:DDNSThe DDNS feature allows you to host a server (Web, FTP, Game Server, etc…) using a domain name that you have purchased  (www.whateveryournameis.com)  with  your  dynamically  assigned  IP  address.  Most  broadband  Internet Service Providers assign dynamic (changing) IP addresses. Using a DDNS service provider, your friends can enter in your domain name to connect to your server no matter what your IP address is.
54D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationThe  Ping Test  is  used  to  send  Ping  packets  to  test  if  a computer is on the Internet. Enter the IP Address that you wish to Ping, and click Ping.The results of your ping attempts will be displayed here.System CheckPing Test:Ping Results:
55D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationEnter a name for your new schedule.Select  a  day,  a  range  of  days,  or  All Week to include every day.Check All Day - 24hrs or enter a start and end time for your schedule.Click Save to save your schedule. You must click Save Settings at the top for your schedules to go into effect.The list of schedules will be listed here. Click the Edit  icon  to  make  changes  or  click the  Delete icon to remove the schedule.Name:Days:Time:Save:Schedule Rules List:Schedules
56D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationThis  page  displays  the  current  information  for  the  DIR-655.  It  will  display  the  LAN, WAN  (Internet),  and Wireless information.If your Internet connection is set up for a Dynamic IP address then a Release button and a Renew button will be displayed. Use Release to disconnect from your ISP and use Renew to connect to your ISP. If your Internet connection is set up for PPPoE, a Connect button and a Disconnect button will be displayed. Use Disconnect to drop the PPPoE connection and use Connect to establish the PPPoE connection.Displays the router’s time and firmware version.Displays the MAC address and the public IP settings for the router.Displays  the MAC address  and the private (local) IP  settings for  the router.Displays the wireless MAC address and your wireless settings such as SSID and Channel.Displays computers and devices that are connected to the router via Ethernet and that are receiving an IP address assigned by the router (DHCP). Displays the Multicast Group IP Address.General:WAN:LAN:Wireless LAN:LAN Computers:IGMP Multicast Memberships:Device Information
57D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationLogWhat to View:View Levels:Apply Log Settings:Refresh:Clear:Email Now:Save Log:You can select the types of messages that you want to display from the log. Firewall & Security, System, and Router Status messages can be selected.There  are  three  levels  of  message  importance: Informational, Warning, and Critical. Select the levels that you want displayed in the log.Will  filter  the  log  results  so  that  only  the  selected options appear.Updates the log details on the screen so it displays any recent activity.Clears all of the log contents.This  option  will  send  a  copy  of  the  router  log  to the  email  address  configured  in the Tools  >  Email screen.This option will save the router to a log file on your computer.The router automatically logs (records) events of possible interest in it’s internal memory. If there isn’t enough internal memory for all events, logs of older events are deleted but logs of the latest events are retained. The Logs option allows you to view the router logs. You can define what types of events you want to view and the level of the events to view. This router also has external Syslog Server support so you can send the log files to a computer on your network that is running a Syslog utility.
58D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationStatsThe screen below displays the Traffic Statistics. Here you can view the amount of packets that pass through the DIR-655 on both the Internet and the LAN ports. The traffic counter will reset if the device is rebooted.Active Sessions
59D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationThe wireless client table displays a list of current connected wireless clients. This table also displays the connection time and MAC address of the connected wireless clients.WirelessThe WISH details page displays full details of wireless clients that are connected when WISH is enabled.WISH
60D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 3 - ConfigurationSupport
61D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityWireless SecurityThis section will show you the different levels of security you can use to protect your data from intruders. The DIR-655 offers the following types of security:• WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)     • WPA2-PSK (Pre-Shared Key)• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)      • WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key)• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)What is WEP?WEP stands for Wired  Equivalent Privacy.  It is based on the  IEEE 802.11 standard and uses  the RC4 encryption algorithm. WEP provides security by encrypting data over your wireless network so that it is protected as it is transmitted from one wireless device to another.To gain access to a WEP network, you must know the key. The key is a string of characters that you create. When using WEP, you must determine the level of encryption. The type of encryption determines the key length. 128-bit encryption requires a longer key than 64-bit encryption. Keys are defined by entering in a string in HEX (hexadecimal - using characters 0-9, A-F) or ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange – alphanumeric characters) format. ASCII format is provided so you can enter a string that is easier to remember. The ASCII string is converted to HEX for use over the network. Four keys can be defined so that you can change keys easily.
62D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityWhat is WPA?WPA, or Wi-Fi Protected Access, is a Wi-Fi standard that was designed to improve the security features of WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy).  The 2 major improvements over WEP: • Improved data encryption through the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). TKIP scrambles the keys using a hashing algorithm and, by adding an integrity-checking feature, ensures that the keys haven’t been tampered with. WPA2 is based on 802.11i and uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of TKIP.• User authentication, which is generally missing in WEP, through the extensible authentication protocol (EAP). WEP  regulates  access  to  a  wireless  network  based  on  a  computer’s hardware-specific  MAC address, which is relatively simple to be sniffed out and stolen. EAP is built on a more secure public-key encryption system to ensure that only authorized network users can access the network.WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a passphrase or key to authenticate your wireless connection. The key is an alpha-numeric password between 8 and 63 characters long. The password can include symbols (!?*&_) and spaces. This key must be the exact same key entered on your wireless router or access point.WPA/WPA2 incorporates user authentication through the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). EAP is built on a more secure public key encryption system to ensure that only authorized network users can access the network.
63D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityWireless Security Setup WizardTo run the security wizard, click on Setup at the top and then click Launch Wireless Security Setup Wizard.Click Next to continue.
64D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityEnter  the  SSID  (Service  Set  Identifier). The  SSID  is  the name of your wireless network. Create a name using up to 32 characters. The SSID is case-sensitive.Select the level of security for your wireless network:  • Best - WPA2 Authentication   • Better - WPA Authentication  • Good - WEP Encryption  • None - No security Click Next to continue.If  you  selected  Best  or  Better,  enter  a  password  between  8-63 characters. If you selected Good, enter 13 characters or 26 Hex digits. Click Next to continue.
65D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityIf you selected Good, the following screen will show you your WEP key to enter on your wireless clients. Click Save to finish the Security Wizard.If you selected Better, the following screen will show you your Pre-Shared Key to enter on your wireless clients. Click Save to finish the Security Wizard.If you selected Best, the following screen will show you your Pre-Shared Key to enter on your wireless clients. Click Save to finish the Security Wizard.If you selected WPA-Enterprise, the RADIUS information will be displayed. Click Save to finish the Security Wizard.
66D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityConfigure WEPIt is recommended to enable encryption on your wireless router before your wireless network adapters. Please establish wireless connectivity before enabling encryption. Your wireless signal may degrade when enabling encryption due to the added overhead.1. Log  into  the  web-based  configuration  by  opening  a web browser and entering the IP address of the router (192.168.0.1).  Click on Setup and then click Wireless Settings on the left side.2. Next to Security Mode, select WEP.3. Next to WEP Key Length, select the level of ecryption (64 or 128-bit).    Hex - (recommended)  Letters  A-F  and  numbers  0-9    are valid.   4. Next to WEP Key 1, enter a WEP key that you create. Make sure you enter this key exactly on all your wireless devices. You may enter up to 4 different keys.5. Next to Authentication, select Shared Key.6.  Click  Save  Settings  to  save  your  settings.  If  you  are configuring the router with a wireless adapter, you will lose connectivity until you enable WEP on your adapter and enter the same WEP key as you did on the router.
67D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityConfigure WPA-Personal (PSK)It is recommended to enable encryption on your wireless router before your wireless network adapters. Please establish wireless connectivity before enabling encryption. Your wireless signal may degrade when enabling encryption due to the added overhead.1. Log  into  the  web-based  configuration  by  opening  a web  browser  and  entering  the  IP  address  of  the  router (192.168.0.1).    Click  on  Setup  and  then  click Wireless Settings on the left side.2. Next to Security Mode, select WPA-Personal.3. Next to WPA Mode, select Auto, WPA2 Only, or WPA Only. Use Auto if you have wireless clients using both WPA and WPA2.4. Next to Group Key Update Interval, enter the amount of time before the group key used for broadcast and multicast data is changed (3600 is default).5. Next to Pre-Shared Key, enter a key (passphrase). The key is entered as a pass-phrase in ASCII format at both ends of the wireless connection. The pass-phrase must be between 8-63 characters. 6. Click Save Settings to save your settings. If you are configuring the router with a wireless adapter, you will lose connectivity until you enable WPA-PSK on your adapter and enter the same passphrase as you did on the router.
68D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - SecurityIt is recommended to enable encryption on your wireless router before your wireless network adapters. Please establish wireless connectivity before enabling encryption. Your wireless signal may degrade when enabling encryption due to the added overhead.1. Log into the web-based configuration by opening a web browser and entering the IP address of the router (192.168.0.1).  Click on Setup and then click Wireless Settings on the left side.2. Next to Security Mode, select WPA-Enterprise.3. Next to WPA Mode, select Auto, WPA2 Only, or WPA Only. Use Auto if you have wireless clients using both WPA and WPA2.4. Next to Group Key Update Interval, enter the amount of time before the group key used for broadcast and multicast data is changed (3600 is default).5. Next to Authentication Timeout, enter the amount of time before a client is required to re-authenticate (60 minutes is default). 6. Next to RADIUS Server IP Address enter the IP Address of your RADIUS server.7. Next to RADIUS Server Port, enter the port you are using with your RADIUS server. 1812 is the default port.8. Next to RADIUS Server Shared Secret, enter the security key.Configure WPA-Enterprise (RADIUS)
69D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 4 - Security9. If the MAC Address Authentication box is selected then the user will need to connect from the same computer whenever logging into the wireless network.10. Click Advanced to enter settings for a secondary RADIUS Server.11. Click Apply Settings to save your settings.
70D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 5 - Connecting to a Wireless NetworkConnect to a Wireless NetworkUsing Windows® XPWindows® XP users may use the built-in wireless utility (Zero Configuration Utility). The following instructions are for Service Pack 2 users.  If you are using another company’s utility or Windows® 2000, please refer to the user manual of your wireless adapter for help with connecting to a wireless network. Most utilities will have a “site survey” option similar to the Windows® XP utility as seen below.Right-click on the wireless computer icon in your system tray (lower-right corner next to the time). Select View Available Wireless Networks.If you receive the Wireless Networks Detected bubble, click on the center of the bubble to access the utility.     orThe utility will display any available wireless networks in your area. Click on a network (displayed using the SSID) and click the Connect button.If you get a good signal but cannot access the Internet, check you TCP/IP settings for your wireless adapter. Refer to the Networking Basics section in this manual for more information.
71D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 5 - Connecting to a Wireless NetworkConfigure WEPIt is recommended to enable WEP on your wireless router or access point before configuring your wireless adapter. If you are joining an existing network, you will need to know the WEP key being used.2. Highlight the wireless network (SSID) you would like to connect to and click Connect.1. Open  the Windows® XP Wireless Utility by  right-clicking on  the  wireless  computer  icon  in  your  system  tray  (lower-right  corner  of  screen).  Select  View  Available Wireless Networks.
72D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 5 - Connecting to a Wireless Network3. The Wireless Network Connection box will appear. Enter the same WEP key that is on your router and click Connect.It may take 20-30 seconds to connect to the wireless network. If the connection fails, please verify that the WEP settings are correct. The WEP key must be exactly the same as on the wireless router.
73D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 5 - Connecting to a Wireless NetworkConfigure WPA-PSKIt is recommended to enable WEP on your wireless router or access point before configuring your wireless adapter. If you are joining an existing network, you will need to know the WEP key being used.2. Highlight the wireless network (SSID) you would like to connect to and click Connect.1. Open  the Windows® XP Wireless Utility by  right-clicking on  the  wireless  computer  icon  in  your  system  tray  (lower-right  corner  of  screen).  Select  View  Available Wireless Networks.
74D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 5 - Connecting to a Wireless Network3. The  Wireless  Network  Connection  box  will  appear.  Enter  the WPA-PSK passphrase and click Connect.It may take 20-30 seconds to connect to the wireless network. If the connection fails, please verify that the WPA-PSK settings are correct. The WPA-PSK  passphrase  must  be  exactly  the  same  as  on  the wireless router.
75D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 6 - TroubleshootingTroubleshootingThis chapter provides solutions to problems that can occur during the installation and operation of the DIR-655.  Read the following descriptions if you are having problems.  (The examples below are illustrated in Windows® XP.  If you have a different operating system, the screenshots on your computer will look similar to the following examples.)1. Why can’t I access the web-based configuration utility?When entering the IP address of the D-Link router (192.168.0.1 for example), you are not connecting to a website on the Internet or have to be connected to the Internet. The device has the utility built-in to a ROM chip in the device itself. Your computer must be on the same IP subnet to connect to the web-based utility. • Make sure you have an updated Java-enabled web browser. We recommend the following: • Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher • Netscape 8 or higher • Mozilla 1.7.12 (5.0) or higher • Opera 8.5 or higher • Safari 1.2 or higher (with Java 1.3.1 or higher) • Camino 0.8.4 or higher • Firefox 1.5 or higher • Verify physical connectivity by checking for solid link lights on the device. If you do not get a solid link light, try using a different cable or connect to a different port on the device if possible. If the computer is turned off, the link light may not be on.• Disable any internet security software running on the computer. Software firewalls such as Zone Alarm, Black Ice, Sygate, Norton Personal Firewall, and Windows® XP firewall may block access to the configuration pages. Check the help files included with your firewall software for more information on disabling or configuring it.
76D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 6 - Troubleshooting• Configure your Internet settings:• Go to Start > Settings > Control Panel. Double-click the Internet Options Icon. From the Security tab, click the button to restore the settings to their defaults.• Click the Connection tab and set the dial-up option to Never Dial a Connection. Click the LAN Settings button. Make sure nothing is checked. Click OK. • Go to the Advanced tab and click the button to restore these settings to their defaults. Click OK three times.• Close your web browser (if open) and open it.• Access the web management. Open your web browser and enter the IP address of your D-Link router in the address bar. This should open the login page for your the web management. • If you still cannot access the configuration, unplug the power to the router for 10 seconds and plug back in. Wait about 30 seconds and try accessing the configuration. If you have multiple computers, try connecting using a different computer.2. What can I do if I forgot my password?If you forgot your password, you must reset your router. Unfortunately this process will change all your settings back to the factory defaults.To reset the router, locate the reset button (hole) on the rear panel of the unit. With the router powered on, use a paperclip to hold the button down for 10 seconds. Release the button and the router will go through its reboot process. Wait about 30 seconds to access the router. The default IP address is 192.168.0.1. When logging in, the username is admin and leave the password box empty.
77D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 6 - Troubleshooting3. Why can’t I connect to certain sites or send and receive emails when connecting through my router? If you are having a problem sending or receiving email, or connecting to secure sites such as eBay, banking sites, and Hotmail, we suggest lowering the MTU in increments of ten (Ex. 1492, 1482, 1472, etc). Note: AOL DSL+ users must use MTU of 1400. To find the proper MTU Size, you’ll have to do a special ping of the destination you’re trying to go to. A destination could be another computer, or a URL. • Click on Start and then click Run. • Windows® 95, 98, and Me users type in command (Windows® NT, 2000, and XP users type in cmd) and press Enter (or click OK). • Once the window opens, you’ll need to do a special ping. Use the following syntax:   ping [url] [-f] [-l] [MTU value] Example: ping yahoo.com -f -l 1472
78D-Link DIR-655 User ManualSection 6 - Troubleshooting You should start at 1472 and work your way down by 10 each time. Once you get a reply, go up by 2 until you get a fragmented packet. Take that value and add 28 to the value to account for the various TCP/IP headers. For example, lets say that 1452 was the proper value, the actual MTU size would be 1480, which is the optimum for the network we’re working with (1452+28=1480). Once you find your MTU, you can now configure your router with the proper MTU size. To change the MTU rate on your router follow the steps below: • Open your browser, enter the IP address of your router (192.168.0.1) and click OK. • Enter your username (admin) and password (blank by default). Click OK to enter the web configuration page for the device. • Click on Setup and then click Manual Configure.  • To change the MTU enter the number in the MTU field and click Save Settings to save your settings. • Test  your  email.  If  changing  the  MTU  does  not  resolve  the  problem,  continue  changing  the  MTU  in increments of ten.
79D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix A - Wireless BasicsD-Link wireless products are based on industry standards to provide easy-to-use and compatible high-speed wireless connectivity within your home, business or public access wireless networks. Strictly adhering to the IEEE standard, the D-Link wireless family of products will allow you to securely access the data you want, when and where you want it. You will be able to enjoy the freedom that wireless networking delivers.A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a cellular computer network that transmits and receives data with radio signals instead of wires. Wireless LANs are used increasingly in both home and office environments, and public areas such as airports, coffee shops and universities. Innovative ways to utilize WLAN technology are helping people to work and communicate more efficiently. Increased mobility and the absence of cabling and other fixed infrastructure have proven to be beneficial for many users. Wireless users can use the same applications they use on a wired network.  Wireless adapter cards used on laptop and desktop systems support the same protocols as Ethernet adapter cards. Under many circumstances, it may be desirable for mobile network devices to link to a conventional Ethernet LAN in order to use servers, printers or an Internet connection supplied through the wired LAN.  A Wireless Router is a device used to provide this link.Wireless Basics
80D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix A - Wireless BasicsWhat is Wireless?Wireless or Wi-Fi technology is another way of connecting your computer to the network without using wires. Wi-Fi uses radio frequency to connect wirelessly, so you have the freedom to connect computers anywhere in your home or office network.Why D-Link Wireless?   D-Link is the worldwide leader and award winning designer, developer, and manufacturer of networking products. D-Link delivers the performance you need at a price you can afford. D-Link has all the products you need to build your network.How does wireless work?   Wireless works similar to how cordless phone work, through radio signals to transmit data from one point A to point B. But wireless technology has restrictions as to how you can access the network. You must be within the wireless network range area to be able to connect your computer. There are two different types of wireless networks Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN).Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)In a wireless local area network, a device called an Access Point (AP) connects computers to the network. The access point has a small antenna attached to it, which allows it to transmit data back and forth over radio signals. With an indoor access point as seen in the picture, the signal can travel up to 300 feet. With an outdoor access point the signal can reach out up to 30 miles to serve places like manufacturing plants, industrial locations, college and high school campuses, airports, golf courses, and many other outdoor venues.
81D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix A - Wireless BasicsWireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)Bluetooth is the industry standard wireless technology used for WPAN. Bluetooth devices in WPAN operate in a range up to 30 feet away.Compared to WLAN the speed and wireless operation range are both less than WLAN, but in return it doesn’t use nearly as much power which makes it ideal for personal devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, headphones, laptops, speakers, and other devices that operate on batteries.Who uses wireless?   Wireless technology as become so popular in recent years that almost everyone is using it, whether it’s for home, office, business, D-Link has a wireless solution for it.Home  • Gives everyone at home broadband access  • Surf the web, check email, instant message, and etc  • Gets rid of the cables around the house  • Simple and easy to use Small Office and Home Office  • Stay on top of everything at home as you would at office  • Remotely access your office network from home  • Share Internet connection and printer with multiple computers  • No need to dedicate office space
82D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix A - Wireless BasicsWhere is wireless used?   Wireless technology is expanding everywhere not just at home or office. People like the freedom of mobility and it’s becoming so popular that more and more public facilities now provide wireless access to attract people. The wireless connection in public places is usually called “hotspots”.Using a D-Link Cardbus Adapter with your laptop, you can access the hotspot to connect to Internet from remote locations like: Airports, Hotels, Coffee Shops, Libraries, Restaurants, and Convention Centers.Wireless network is easy to setup, but if you’re installing it for the first time it could be quite a task not knowing where to start. That’s why we’ve put together a few setup steps and tips to help you through the process of setting up a wireless network.TipsHere are a few things to keep in mind, when you install a wireless network.Centralize your router or Access Point  Make sure you place the router/access point in a centralized location within your network for the best performance. Try to place the router/access point as high as possible in the room, so the signal gets dispersed throughout your home. If you have a two-story home, you may need a repeater to boost the signal to extend the range.Eliminate Interference   Place home appliances such as cordless telephones, microwaves, and televisions as far away as possible from the router/access point. This would significantly reduce any interference that the appliances might cause since they operate on same frequency.
83D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix A - Wireless BasicsSecurity   Don’t let you next-door neighbors or intruders connect to your wireless network. Secure your wireless network by turning on the WPA or WEP security feature on the router. Refer to product manual for detail information on how to set it up.     There are basically two modes of networking: • Infrastructure – All wireless clients will connect to an access point or wireless router.• Ad-Hoc – Directly connecting to another computer, for peer-to-peer communication, using wireless network adapters on each computer, such as two or more DIR-655 wireless network Cardbus adapters.An Infrastructure network contains an Access Point or wireless router. All the wireless devices, or clients, will connect to the wireless router or access point. An Ad-Hoc network contains only clients, such as laptops with wireless cardbus adapters. All the adapters must be in Ad-Hoc mode to communicate.Wireless Modes
84D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix B - Networking BasicsNetworking BasicsCheck your IP addressAfter you install your new D-Link adapter, by default, the TCP/IP settings should be set to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server (i.e. wireless router) automatically. To verify your IP address, please follow the steps below.Click on Start > Run. In the run box type cmd and click OK.At the prompt, type ipconfig and press Enter.This will display the IP address, subnet mask, and the default gateway of your adapter.If  the  address  is  0.0.0.0,  check  your  adapter installation,  security  settings,  and  the  settings on your router. Some firewall software programs may  block  a  DHCP  request  on  newly  installed adapters. If you are connecting to a wireless network at a hotspot (e.g. hotel, coffee shop, airport), please contact an employee or administrator to verify their wireless network settings.
85D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix B - Networking BasicsStatically Assign an IP addressIf you are not using a DHCP capable gateway/router, or you need to assign a static IP address, please follow the steps below:Step 1Windows® XP - Click on Start > Control Panel > Network Connections.Windows® 2000 - From the desktop, right-click My Network Places > Properties.Step 2Right-click on the Local Area Connection which represents your D-Link network adapter and select Properties.Step 3Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.Step 4Click Use the following IP address and enter an IP address that is on the same subnet as your network or the LAN IP address on your router. Example: If the  router´s  LAN  IP  address  is  192.168.0.1,  make your  IP  address 192.168.0.X where X is a number between 2 and 99. Make sure that the number you choose is not in use on the network. Set Default Gateway the same as the LAN IP address of your router (192.168.0.1). Set Primary DNS the same as the LAN IP address of your router (192.168.0.1). The Secondary DNS is not needed or you may enter a DNS server from your ISP.Step 5Click OK twice to save your settings.
86D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix C - Technical SpecificationsTechnical SpecificationsStandards • IEEE 802.11n (draft) • IEEE 802.11g • IEEE 802.11b • IEEE 802.3 • IEEE 802.3uSecurity • WPA-Personal • WPA2-Personal • WPA-Enterprise • WPA2-Enterprise • 64/128-bit WEPWireless Signal Rates* • 108Mbps  • 48Mbps • 54Mbps  • 24Mbps • 36Mbps • 12Mbps • 18Mbps  • 9Mbps • 11Mbps  • 5.5Mbps • 6Mbps  • 1Mbps • 2Mbps       MSC (0-15) • 130Mbps (270) • 117Mbps (243) • 104Mbps (216) • 78Mbps (162) • 66Mbps (135) • 58.5Mbps (121.5) • 52Mbps (108) • 39Mbps (81) • 26Mbps (54) • 19.5Mbps (40.5) • 12Mbps (27) • 6.5Mbps (13.5) Frequency Range2.400~2.4835GHzTransmitter Output Power15dBm ± 2dBExternal Antenna TypeThree (3) detachable reverse SMA AntennasLEDs • Power   • Internet    • Status • WLAN   • LAN (10/100) • USBOperating Temperature32°F to 131°F ( 0°C to 55°C)Humidity95% maximum (non-condensing)Safety & Emissions • FCC • CEDimensions • L = 7.6 inches • W = 4.6 inches • H = 1.2inchesWarranty1 Year*  Maximum wireless signal rate derived from IEEE Standard 802.11g and Draft 802.11n specifications. Actual data throughput will vary. Network conditions and environmental factors, including volume of network traffic, building materials and construction, and network overhead, lower actual data throughput rate. Environmental factors will adversely affect wireless signal range.
87D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix D - Contacting Technical SupportContacting Technical SupportU.S. and Canadian customers can contact D-Link technical support through our web site or by phone.Before you contact technical support, please have the following ready:  • Model number of the product (e.g. DIR-655)  • Hardware Revision (located on the label on the bottom of the router (e.g. rev A1))  • Serial Number (s/n number located on the label on the bottom of the router). You can find software updates and user documentation on the D-Link website as well as frequently asked questions and answers to technical issues.For customers within the United States: Phone Support:(877) 453-546524 hours a day, seven days a week.Internet Support:http://support.dlink.com For customers within Canada: Phone Support:(800) 361-5265Monday to Friday 7:30am to 9:00pm EST Internet Support:http://support.dlink.ca
88D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix E - WarrantyWarrantySubject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, D-Link Systems, Inc. (“D-Link”) provides this Limited Warranty:  • Only to the person or entity that originally purchased the product from D-Link or its authorized reseller or distributor, and  • Only for products purchased and delivered within the fifty states of the United States, the District of Columbia, U.S. Possessions      or Protectorates, U.S. Military Installations, or addresses with an APO or FPO.Limited Warranty:D-Link  warrants  that  the  hardware  portion  of  the  D-Link  product  described  below  (“Hardware”) will  be  free  from  material  defects  in workmanship  and materials  under normal  use from  the date  of original  retail purchase  of the  product, for the  period  set forth  below (“Warranty Period”), except as otherwise stated herein.  • Hardware (excluding power supplies and fans): One (1) year  • Power supplies and fans: One (1) year  • Spare parts and spare kits: Ninety (90) daysThe  customer’s  sole  and  exclusive  remedy  and  the  entire  liability  of  D-Link  and  its  suppliers  under  this  Limited Warranty  will  be,  at  D-Link’s option, to repair or replace the defective Hardware during the Warranty Period at no charge to the original owner or to refund the actual purchase price paid. Any repair or replacement will be rendered by D-Link at an Authorized D-Link Service Office. The replacement hardware need not be new or have an identical make, model or part. D-Link may, at its option, replace the defective Hardware or any part thereof with any reconditioned product that D-Link reasonably determines is substantially equivalent (or superior) in all material respects to the defective Hardware. Repaired or replacement hardware will be warranted for the remainder of the original Warranty Period or ninety (90) days, whichever is longer, and is subject to the same limitations and exclusions. If a material defect is incapable of correction, or if D-Link determines that it is not practical to repair or replace the defective Hardware, the actual price paid by the original purchaser for the defective Hardware will be refunded by D-Link upon return to D-Link of the defective Hardware. All Hardware or part thereof that is replaced by D-Link, or for which the purchase price is refunded, shall become the property of D-Link upon replacement or refund.
89D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix E - WarrantyLimited Software Warranty:D-Link warrants that the software portion of the product (“Software”) will substantially conform to D-Link’s then current functional specifications for the Software, as set forth in the applicable documentation, from the date of original retail purchase of the Software for a period of ninety (90) days (“Software Warranty Period”), provided that the Software is properly installed on approved hardware and operated as contemplated in its documentation. D-Link further warrants that, during the Software Warranty Period, the magnetic media on which D-Link delivers the Software will be free of physical defects. The customer’s sole and exclusive remedy and the entire liability of D-Link and its suppliers under this Limited Warranty will be, at D-Link’s option, to replace the non-conforming Software (or defective media) with software that substantially conforms to D-Link’s functional specifications for the Software or to refund the portion of the actual purchase price paid that is attributable to the Software. Except as otherwise agreed by DLink in writing, the replacement Software is provided only to the original licensee, and is subject to the terms and conditions of the license granted by D-Link for the Software. Replacement Software will be warranted for the remainder of the original Warranty Period and is subject to the same limitations and exclusions. If a material non-conformance is incapable of correction, or if D-Link determines in its sole discretion that it is not practical to replace the non-conforming Software, the price paid by the original licensee for the non-conforming Software will be refunded by D-Link; provided that the non-conforming Software (and all copies thereof) is first returned to D-Link. The license granted respecting any Software for which a refund is given automatically terminates.Non-Applicability of Warranty:The Limited Warranty provided hereunder for Hardware and Software portions of D-Link’s products will not be applied to and does not cover any refurbished product and any product purchased through the inventory clearance or liquidation sale or other sales in which D-Link, the sellers, or the liquidators expressly disclaim their warranty obligation pertaining to the product and in that case, the product is being sold “As-Is” without any warranty whatsoever including, without limitation, the Limited Warranty as described herein, notwithstanding anything stated herein to the contrary.Submitting A Claim: The customer shall return the product to the original purchase point based on its return policy. In case the return policy period has expired and the product is within warranty, the customer shall submit a claim to D-Link as outlined below:• The customer must submit with the product as part of the claim a written description of the Hardware defect or Software nonconformance in sufficient detail to allow DLink to confirm the same, along with proof of purchase of the product (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice for the product) if the product is not registered.• The customer must obtain a Case ID Number from D-Link Technical Support at 1-877-453-5465, who will attempt to assist the customer in resolving any suspected defects with the product. If the product is considered defective, the customer must obtain a Return Material Authorization (“RMA”) number by completing the RMA form and entering the assigned Case ID Number at https://rma.dlink.com/.
90D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix E - Warranty• After an RMA number is issued, the defective product must be packaged securely in the original or other suitable shipping package to ensure that it will not be damaged in transit, and the RMA number must be prominently marked on the outside of the package. Do not include any manuals or accessories in the shipping package. DLink will only replace the defective portion of the product and will not ship back any accessories.• The customer is responsible for all in-bound shipping charges to D-Link. No Cash on Delivery (“COD”) is allowed. Products sent COD will either be rejected by D-Link or become the property of D-Link. Products shall be fully insured by the customer and shipped to D-Link Systems, Inc., 17595 Mt. Herrmann, Fountain Valley, CA 92708. D-Link will not be held responsible for any packages that are lost in transit to D-Link. The repaired or replaced packages will be shipped to the customer via UPS Ground or any common carrier selected by D-Link. Return shipping charges shall be prepaid by D-Link if you use an address in the United States, otherwise we will ship the product to you freight collect. Expedited shipping is available upon request and provided shipping charges are prepaid by the customer. D-Link may reject or return any product that is not packaged and shipped in strict compliance with the foregoing requirements, or for which an RMA number is not visible from the outside of the package. The product owner agrees to pay D-Link’s reasonable handling and return shipping charges for any product that is not packaged and shipped in accordance with the foregoing requirements, or that is determined by D-Link not to be defective or non-conforming.What Is Not Covered:The Limited Warranty provided herein by D-Link does not cover:Products that, in D-Link’s judgment, have been subjected to abuse, accident, alteration, modification, tampering, negligence, misuse, faulty installation, lack of reasonable care, repair or service in any way that is not contemplated in the documentation for the product, or if the model or serial number has been altered, tampered with, defaced or removed; Initial installation, installation and removal of the product for repair, and shipping costs; Operational adjustments covered in the operating manual for the product, and normal maintenance; Damage that occurs in shipment, due to act of God, failures due to power surge, and cosmetic damage; Any hardware, software, firmware or other products or services provided by anyone other than D-Link; and Products that have been purchased from inventory clearance or liquidation sales or other sales in which D-Link, the sellers, or the liquidators expressly disclaim their warranty obligation pertaining to the product.While necessary maintenance or repairs on your Product can be performed by any company, we recommend that you use only an Authorized D-Link Service Office. Improper or incorrectly performed maintenance or repair voids this Limited Warranty.Disclaimer of Other Warranties:EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY SPECIFIED HEREIN, THE PRODUCT IS PROVIDED “AS-IS” WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF  ANY  KIND WHATSOEVER  INCLUDING,  WITHOUT  LIMITATION,  ANY WARRANTY  OF  MERCHANTABILITY,  FITNESS  FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
91D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix E - WarrantyIF ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED IN ANY TERRITORY WHERE A PRODUCT IS SOLD, THE DURATION OF SUCH IMPLIED WARRANTY SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE APPLICABLE WARRANTY PERIOD SET FORTH ABOVE. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY COVERED UNDER THE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVIDED HEREIN, THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY, SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCT IS WITH THE PURCHASER OF THE PRODUCT.Limitation of Liability:TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, D-LINK IS NOT LIABLE UNDER ANY CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR ANY LOSS OF USE OF THE PRODUCT, INCONVENIENCE OR DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER, WHETHER DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF REVENUE OR PROFIT, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, FAILURE OF OTHER EQUIPMENT OR COMPUTER PROGRAMS TO WHICH D-LINK’S PRODUCT IS CONNECTED WITH, LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA CONTAINED IN, STORED ON, OR INTEGRATED WITH ANY PRODUCT RETURNED TO D-LINK FOR WARRANTY SERVICE) RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, RELATING TO WARRANTY SERVICE, OR ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY, EVEN IF D-LINK HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE SOLE REMEDY FOR A BREACH OF THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS REPAIR, REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE DEFECTIVE OR NONCONFORMING PRODUCT. THE MAXIMUM LIABILITY OF D-LINK UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT COVERED BY THE WARRANTY. THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WRITTEN WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES OR REMEDIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY.Governing Law:This Limited Warranty shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. Some states do not allow exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, or limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the foregoing limitations and exclusions may not apply. This Limited Warranty provides specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.Trademarks:D-Link is a registered trademark of D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc. Other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Copyright Statement:No part of this publication or documentation accompanying this product may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc., as stipulated by the United States Copyright Act of 1976 and any amendments thereto. Contents are subject to change without prior notice.Copyright ©2006 by D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CE Mark Warning: This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.  Europe – EU Declaration of Conformity This device complies with the essential requirements of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC. The following test methods have been applied in order to prove presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC:  EN 60 950-1: 2001 +A11: 2004 Safety of Information Technology Equipment  EN 50385: 2002 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (110MHz - 40 GHz) - General public  EN 300 328 V1.7.1 (2006-10) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive  EN 301 489-1 V1.6.1 (2005-09) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements  EN 301 489-17 V1.2.1 (2002-08)   Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 17: Specific conditions for 2,4 GHz wideband transmission systems and 5 GHz high performance RLAN equipment  This device is a 2.4 GHz wideband transmission system (transceiver), intended for use in all EU member states and EFTA countries, except in France and Italy where restrictive use applies.  In Italy the end-user should apply for a license at the national spectrum authorities in order to obtain authorization to use the device for setting up outdoor radio links and/or for supplying public access to telecommunications and/or network services.  This device may not be used for setting up outdoor radio links in France and in some areas the RF output power may be limited to 10 mW EIRP in the frequency range of 2454 – 2483.5 MHz. For detailed information the end-user should contact the national spectrum authority in France.
0560   Česky [Czech]  [Jméno výrobce] tímto prohlašuje, že tento [typ zařízení] je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice 1999/5/ES. Dansk [Danish]  Undertegnede [fabrikantens navn] erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr [udstyrets typebetegnelse] overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF. Deutsch [German] Hiermit erklärt [Name des Herstellers], dass sich das Gerät [Gerätetyp] in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befindet. Eesti [Estonian]  Käesolevaga kinnitab [tootja nimi = name of manufacturer] seadme [seadme tüüp = type of equipment] vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele. English  Hereby, [name of manufacturer], declares that this [type of equipment] is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Español [Spanish] Por medio de la presente [nombre del fabricante] declara que el [clase de equipo] cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE. Ελληνική [Greek] ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ [name of manufacturer] ΔΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ [type of equipment] ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩΔΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕΚ. Français [French] Par la présente [nom du fabricant] déclare que l'appareil [type d'appareil] est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE. Italiano [Italian]  Con la presente [nome del costruttore] dichiara che questo [tipo di apparecchio] è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE. Latviski [Latvian] Ar šo [name of manufacturer   / izgatavotāja nosaukums] deklarē, ka [type of equipment / iekārtas tips] atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem. Lietuvių [Lithuanian]  Šiuo [manufacturer name] deklaruoja, kad šis [equipment type] atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas. Nederlands [Dutch] Hierbij verklaart [naam van de fabrikant] dat het toestel [type van toestel] in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG. Malti [Maltese]  Hawnhekk, [isem tal-manifattur], jiddikjara li dan [il-mudel tal-prodott] jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC. Magyar [Hungarian] Alulírott, [gyártó neve] nyilatkozom, hogy a [... típus] megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb elõírásainak. Polski [Polish]  Niniejszym [nazwa producenta] oświadcza, że [nazwa wyrobu] jest zgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC. Português [Portuguese] [Nome do fabricante] declara que este [tipo de equipamento] está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE. Slovensko [Slovenian] [Ime proizvajalca] izjavlja, da je ta [tip opreme] v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 1999/5/ES. Slovensky [Slovak] [Meno výrobcu] týmto vyhlasuje, že [typ zariadenia] spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/ES. Suomi [Finnish]  [Valmistaja = manufacturer] vakuuttaa täten että [type of equipment = laitteen tyyppimerkintä] tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Svenska [Swedish] Härmed intygar [företag] att denna [utrustningstyp] står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EG.
 FCC Statement: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:   • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.   • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.   • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.   • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Caution:   Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. IMPORTANT NOTICE: FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. The availability of some specific channels and/or operational frequency bands are country dependent and are firmware programmed at the factory to match the intended destination. The firmware setting is not accessible by the end user.
93D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix E - WarrantyFor detailed warranty information applicable to products purchased outside the United States, please contact the corresponding local D-Link office.Industry Canada Notice:This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. IMPORTANT NOTE:Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 2 dB. Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
94D-Link DIR-655 User ManualAppendix F - RegistrationVersion 1.1October 19, 2006Product registration  is entirely voluntary and failure to complete or return this form will not  diminish your warranty rights.Registration

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