DASAN Zhone Solutions SZ045N5G-B Point to Point UNII wireless transport User Manual
Zhone Technologies, Inc. Point to Point UNII wireless transport
Users Manual
SKYZHONE 45 INSTALLATION GUIDE
For software version (ODU) 1.0.4
2SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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Model Number: Generic System Image Version 1.0.0.2
Document Part Number: xxx-xxxxx-xx
Zhone Technologies
@Zhone Way
7001 Oakport Street
Oakland, CA 94621
USA
510.777.7000
www.zhone.com
Email: info@zhone.com
COPYRIGHT ©2000-2001 Zhone Technologies. All rights reserved.
This publication is protected by copyright law. No part of this publication may be copied or
distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human
or computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, manual
or otherwise, or disclosed to third parties without the express written permission from Zhone
Technologies.
Z-Plex, Z-Edge, ZMS, BAN, SLMS, SkyZhone and Sechtor are trademarks of Zhone
Technologies, Inc.
Zhone and the Zhone logo are registered trademarks of Zhone Technologies.
All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
Zhone Technologies makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents hereof
and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability, noninfringement, or
fitness for a particular purpose. Further, Zhone Technologies reserves the right to revise this
publication and to make changes from time to time in the contents hereof without obligation of
Zhone Technologies to notify any person of such revision or changes.
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Part 15 Regulation
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15, subpart B, of the FCC rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the user manual, may increase the
potential for harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in
which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own
expense.
No modifications or changes to this equipment are allowed, unless the
changes or modifications are expressly approved by the manufacturer.
It is recommended that shielded cables be used to reduce interference
whenever interference is suspected.
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SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 5
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CONTENTS
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Part 15 Regulation ...............................................................................................3
About This Guide...............................................................................................................................9
Notes, cautions, and warnings ...............................................................................9
Chapter 1 Overview....................................................................................................................11
System overview.......................................................................................................11
System hardware.....................................................................................................11
Indoor Unit.......................................................................................................12
Outdoor units....................................................................................................12
ODU interior LEDs ..........................................................................................13
Antenna and cable ............................................................................................13
Technical specifications.........................................................................................14
Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation ...................................................................................19
Site selection requirements...................................................................................19
Antenna path guidelines.........................................................................................19
Received Signal Level and link budget ..............................................................20
Fade margin calculations.......................................................................................21
Unit Frequencies.......................................................................................................21
Powering the units ...................................................................................................21
Equipment ..................................................................................................................22
Hardware included with SkyZhone 45 system .......................................................22
Customer-supplied hardware ..................................................................................22
Installation contractor-supplied hardware...............................................................22
Required tools.........................................................................................................23
Chapter 3 Installation................................................................................................................25
Important safety instructions ...............................................................................25
Contents
6SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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Antenna installation.................................................................................................27
Mechanical installation...........................................................................................27
Antenna alignment..................................................................................................28
ODU installation........................................................................................................28
ODU mechanical installation..................................................................................29
Connecting the ODU to the antenna.......................................................................31
Securing the connectors..........................................................................................32
Weatherproofing the type N connector ...........................................................32
Adjusting azimuth and elevation ............................................................................32
IDU installation..........................................................................................................33
System interconnections .........................................................................................34
Cabling IDU to ODU..............................................................................................34
Electrical installation ..............................................................................................35
IDU to ODU cable connection.........................................................................35
DS3 ..................................................................................................................36
Alarms ..............................................................................................................36
Local PC for terminal emulation......................................................................36
Ethernet interface .............................................................................................36
DC power connection.......................................................................................36
AC power connection.......................................................................................36
Confirming power to the system ......................................................................37
ODU LEDs...................................................................................................................37
IDU LEDs.....................................................................................................................37
Chapter 4 Provisioning.............................................................................................................39
Overview .....................................................................................................................39
Provisioning the primary operational frequency.....................................................39
Provisioning the secondary frequency....................................................................40
Provisioning transmitter power...............................................................................40
Provisioning the receive attenuator setting.............................................................40
Provisioning the transmit overlimit regulator.........................................................40
Enabling the RF power amplifier and LNA............................................................40
The management interface ....................................................................................41
Power-up indications...............................................................................................41
Error Messages.........................................................................................................42
Provisioning overview.............................................................................................43
Commands .................................................................................................................43
Setting the primary frequency ................................................................................43
Setting the secondary frequency ............................................................................44
Channel center frequencies.....................................................................................44
Setting the transmit signal strength.........................................................................45
Setting the receive signal attenuation .....................................................................46
Setting the transmit signal strength threshold ........................................................48
Setting the amplifiers ON .......................................................................................48
Setting the amplifiers OFF......................................................................................49
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Verifying the installation.........................................................................................49
The QuickStatus command....................................................................................50
Chapter 5 System Maintenance ...........................................................................................53
Physical maintenance .............................................................................................53
Diagnostics using the b byte.................................................................................53
IDU LEDs.....................................................................................................................55
Local DS3 failure.......................................................................................................55
Remote radio failure ................................................................................................55
Local environmental alarms..................................................................................56
Remote loopback test indication..........................................................................56
DS3 loop back/link testing .....................................................................................56
Error messages.........................................................................................................56
Contents
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SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 9
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ABOUT THIS GUIDE
This guide provides installation and configuration information about the
SkyZhone 45 system. It is intended for professional installation personnel
qualified in the installation of microwave antennas.
This guide has the following chapters.
Chapter 1, “Overview, ” on page 11 describes the SkyZhone 45 system.
Chapter 2, “Preparing for Installation, ” on page 19 explains how to get ready
to install the system.
Chapter 3, “Installation, ” on page 25 describes the system installation.
Chapter 4, “Provisioning, ” on page 39 explains how to select channels and
provision the SkyZhone 45 system.
Chapter 5, “System Maintenance, ” on page 53 explains how to maintain the
SkyZhone 45 system.
Notes, cautions, and warnings
Notes, cautions, and warnings are used throughout this guide.
Note: Notes give additional information.
Caution: Cautions provide information about situations or items that
need to be handled carefully in order to avoid damage to equipment.
WARNING! Warnings provide information about dangers that
may cause physical harm to people or to the equipment.
About This Guide
10 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 11
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OVERVIEW
This chapter provides an overview of the SkyZhone 45 system.It includes the
following sections:
•System overview, page 11
•Technical specifications, page 14
System overview
The SkyZhone 45 is a point-to-point digital microwave link with a range of 4
to 10 miles in line-of-sight conditions, depending upon the antenna. The
SkyZhone 45 system operates in FCC allocated, unlicensed frequencies
between 5.250 GHz and 5.825 GHz known as the National Information
Infrastructure or U-NII band.
Figure 1 shows the components of the SkyZhone 45 system.
Figure 1: SkyZhone 45
System hardware
The SkyZhone 45 system includes:
•Two Indoor Units (IDUs) with rack mount hardware and surge
suppressors.
•One Version A Outdoor Unit (ODU) with mast (pole) mounting
hardware.
Overview
12 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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•One Version B Outdoor Unit (ODU) with mast (pole) mounting hardware.
•Two antennas.
•Two ODU antenna cables.
Indoor Unit
Two identical IDUs are provided. One IDU is installed at each end of the link
and each IDU is connected to its respective ODU by a maximum 300 ft cable.
The IDU units are each one rack unit-high and have a power supply, a CPU,
and modem components for the DS3 radio system.
Rack mount brackets are included with the SkyZhone 45 system so that the
units can be installed in a 19-inch or 23-inch rack. Secure the IDU according
to local building and equipment installation codes.
Caution: The IDU must be protected from rain or condensing
moisture.
System connectors are on the rear panel of the IDU (Figure 2). All
connections are made from the rear panel.
Figure 2: IDU rear panel
The front panel has seven LEDs that display system status (Figure 3).
Figure 3: IDU front panel LEDs
Outdoor units
The ODUs are weather-proof cast aluminum enclosures (Figure 4). Each
enclosure has a radio up-converter and diplexer components controlled by a
microprocessor.
There are two versions of the ODU: the A version transmits high and receives
low; the B version transmits low and receives high. One of each version is
required at either end of a SkyZhone 45 link. The ODU version is indicated
on the outside of the unit.
pwr
daig
operational
DS3
radio
local
remote
System overview
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 13
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The ODU is designed to be mounted within six feet of the antenna and is
supplied with mounting hardware for installation on a pole or mast up to 4.5
inches in diameter.
Figure 4: ODU
ODU interior LEDs
The ODU has five LEDs that are visible when the weatherproof door is
opened. These LEDs are used during system installation to verify that the
system is operational and that a signal is being received.
Antenna and cable
The SkyZhone 45 system uses two parabolic antennas, one at each end of the
link. The antennas can be two, four, or six feet in diameter.
The ODU antenna cable is six feet long. It has special connectors on each end.
Figure 5: SkyZhone 45 Antenna
WARNING! Use the ODU antenna cable that is included with the
SkyZhone 45 system. Use of any other cable could compromise
system performance.
Overview
14 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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Technical specifications
The following table lists SkyZhone 45 system specifications and a description
for each.
This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system mechanical specifications:
This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system digital interfaces:
This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system RF specifications:
Table 1: Technical specifications
Specification Description
Configuration A point-to-point broadband wireless transport system, with separate
indoor and outdoor units, connected by a 75 ohm RG-6 coaxial cable up
to 300 feet in length.
Antenna A parabolic antenna with 29 dBi to 36 dBi gain, connected to the ODU by
a 50 ohm cable six feet in length.
Range Four to ten miles under line-of-sight conditions depending upon the
antenna.
Table 2: Mechanical specifications
Specification Description
IDU Single rack unit (l.75 in high, 17.2 in wide and 8.24 inches deep). Plated
steel construction, with a molded plastic front panel with LED indicators
and a rear connector panel.
ODU Diecast aluminum weather-proof housing, 10 in high, 4 in deep, 6 in wide.
ODU mounting Anodized aluminum mounting structure to secure ODU to pole, mast or
wall, with security lock to prevent unauthorized removal.
Antenna Two, four or six feet diameter parabolic dish. Includes mounting structure
to attach it to a pole or mast (1.9 in to 4.5 in diameter) that allows azimuth
and tilt adjustment.
Table 3: Digital interfaces
Specification Description
System payload DS-3, 44.736 Mbps full-duplex per GR 499 specifications.
Input/output connection BNC
Input/output impedance 75 ohm, unbalanced.
Line coding B3ZS
Error correction Reed Solomon plus equalization.
Technical specifications
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 15
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This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system transmitter specifications:
Table 4: General RF specifications
Specification Description
Frequency Band 5.725 to 5.825 GHz, 5.25 to 5.35 GHz
Modulation 16 QAM
Channelization plan 17 overlapping channels selected through craft interface
Occupied bandwidth 17 MHz
Channel spacing 5 MHz between center frequencies
TX/RX frequency
separation
475 MHz
Transmit IF frequency 615 MHz
Receive IF frequency 140 MHz
ODU-IDU (IF)
connector TNC female
ODU RF connector N female
ODU RF impedance 50 ohm
Table 5: Transmitter specifications
Specification Description
Frequency reference Internal TCXO
Frequency stability 1.0 ppm (over -40 Celsius to +60 Celsius) Aging
<3.5 ppm over 10 years.
Transmitted power output Controlled by craft interface or NMS in 1.0 dB
increments to comply with maximum EIRP
requirements of CFR 47 Part 15.407.
Transmitted spectral mask: In compliance with CFR 47 Part 15.407
Radiated harmonic suppression In compliance with the following:
Harmonic Power dBc
2nd 50
3rd 60
4th 60
5th through 8th 70
9th or greater 70
Overview
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This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system receiver specifications:
This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system power specifications:
This table describes the SkyZhone 45 system environment specifications:
This table describes the system network management and administrative
specifications:
Table 6: Receiver specifications
Specification Description
Frequency reference Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
Frequency stability 1.0 ppm (over -40 Celsius to +60 Celsius) Aging <3.5 ppm over 10
years
Threshold at 10 -8 /BER -88 dBm
Table 7: Power specifications
Specification Description
IDU DC Power
Requirements Input Voltage -48 VDC nominal @ 50 W. Tolerance range -36 to -72
VDC. The IDU shall meet the “shared DC power” voltage limits criteria
and electrical noise criteria of GR-499 core.
IDU AC Power
Requirements Input Voltage 90-260 VAC Frequency Range 45-65 Hz.
ODU Power
Requirements +17 VDC @ 15 W supplied by IDU through Coaxial Cable, measured at
IDU output connector.
Table 8: Environmental specifications
Specifications Description
IDU Operating
Temperature -40 to +60 degrees Celsius
IUD Storage
Temperature -40 to +75 degrees Celsius
IDU Humidity 95% non-condensing in sheltered environment
ODU Operating
Temperature -40 to +60 degrees Celsius
ODU Storage
Temperature -40 to +75 degrees Celsius
ODU Humidity 100% in unsheltered environment
Technical specifications
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 17
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Table 9: Network management and administration
Specification Description
Provisioning Through local VT100 Craft interface port.
Alarms Indication is provided using the LED display, and error messages are
transmitted through the serial (Craft) port.
Alarm connector Phoenix Contact modular screw terminal.
Overview
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SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 19
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PREPARING FOR INSTALLATION
This chapter explains how to prepare to install the SkyZhone 45 system, and
includes the following sections:
•Site selection requirements, page 19
•Antenna path guidelines, page 19
•Received Signal Level and link budget, page 20
•Fade margin calculations, page 21
•Unit Frequencies, page 21
•Powering the units, page 21
•Equipment, page 22
Site selection requirements
The performance of the SkyZhone 45 system depends upon its proper
installation. A good installation conforms to these guidelines:
•The antennas are installed in line-of-sight of each other, with adequate
clearance.
•The antennas are mounted to stable structures.
•There is dependable, protected and easily accessible power at each site.
•The coaxial connection between the IDU and ODU is no longer than 300
ft.
Antenna path guidelines
The SkyZhone 45 wireless transport will not operate properly unless you can
see each antenna from the other. High frequencies used cannot pass through
trees or other obstacles. In general, consider the following when calculating
line-of-site between the antennas:
•The curvature of the earth.
•Buildings and trees.
•Future tree growth and construction.
Preparing for Installation
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In addition to line-of-sight clearance, a well-engineered high-frequency path
will also incorporate additional clearance. Extra space is needed to
compensate for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric inducting,
and multipath reflections.
To maximize radio reception
•Calculate 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone
•Add this distance to the path clearance above the tallest obstacle in the
line-of-sight path.
A typical Fresnel zone clearance required at mid-path over a 10 mile link is 28
feet at 6 GHz. An on-line resource for Fresnel zone calculations is available
at:
http://home.infi.net/~allenk/freszone.html
Received Signal Level and link budget
The link budget is used to prevent signal reception problems. An Received
Signal Level (RSL) is calculated and compared to the receive threshold of the
SkyZhone 45SkyZhone 45 radio when the system is installed.
Use the following formula to calculate the RSL:
RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1 + G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lp
where:
Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm). See Table 14 on page 46 for
values.
FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB). This is typically -1 dB.
G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB). Use the following values:
•+29 dB for the 2 foot antenna
•+33 dB for the 4 foot antenna
•+37 dB for the 6 foot antenna.
G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB). Use the following values:
•+29 dB for the 2 foot antenna
•+33 dB for the 4 foot antenna
•+37 dB for the 6 foot antenna
FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB). This is typically -1 dB.
Lp is the Path loss defined by:
Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10D
where: F= 5.8 (frequency in GHz)
D=Distance of path in miles
Fade margin calculations
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 21
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Fade margin calculations
The fade margin is the difference between the RSL and the receiver’s
threshold. Use the RSL as calculated in “Received Signal Level and link
budget”, and compare it to the receive threshold of the SkyZhone 45 radio
(-88 dBm for BER of10-8) The fade margin is the difference between the two
signal levels.
A fade margin of at least 20 dB is suggested for reliable performance, and
larger margins may be required over areas with water or thermal inversions.
Unit Frequencies
The SkyZhone 45 radios operate over two 100 MHz channels. The
SkyZhone 45 system divides each 100 MHz wide band into seventeen
overlapping sub-channels, each about 17 MHz wide. Spectrum reuse is
maximized and signal interference is minimized by changing sub-channels,
alternating polarization, and changing azimuth.
Each system has an “A” and “B” ODU. The radio with ODU variant “A”
transmits in the range of 5.725 to 5.825 GHz, and receives in the range 5.250
to 5.350 GHz. The “B” variant is the opposite, transmitting in the range 5.250
to 5.350 GHz and receiving at 5.725 to 5.825 GHz. This frequency split
allows full duplex communications.
Figure 6: SkyZhone 45 channel allocation
For information about channel center frequencies, see “Channel center
frequencies” on page 44.
Powering the units
The SkyZhone 45 system ODU receives power from the IDU. The IDU must
have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC. Do not
connect both AC power and DC power to the same IDU.
Power requirements are listed in Table 6 on page 16.
Preparing for Installation
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Equipment
Before you begin the SkyZhone 45 system installation, make sure that you
have all of the hardware and tools required.
Hardware included with SkyZhone 45 system
The SkyZhone 45 system includes the following hardware:
•Two Indoor Units (IDU), each with:
–AC power cord
–One set 19 in rack mount brackets with screws
–One set 23 in rack mount brackets
–One surge suppressor for the ODU-IDU cable
–This manual in CD ROM format
•One Outdoor Unit (ODU) “A” variant
•One Outdoor Unit (ODU) “B” variant
•Two sets of ODU mounting hardware
•Two antenna cables, 6 ft LMR-600 with connectors.
•Two antennas (2 ft, 4 ft or 6 ft in diameter), each with:
–Mounting hardware (design will vary with antenna size)
–Installation instructions (will vary with antenna size)
Customer-supplied hardware
The customer is responsible for supplying the following hardware:
•Two 19- or 23-inch mounting racks or cabinets for the IDUs. They must
be indoors or in cabinets or vaults protected from moisture.
•Mounting structures for the antennas and ODU equipment. They must be
structurally and mechanically adequate for the antenna size and location.
•DC power fuse panels, if DC power is used. The DC power must be
supplied from a switched, protected DC power panel.
•Ground connections. Grounding connections must be provided at both
IDU and ODU locations.
Installation contractor-supplied hardware
The installation contractor supplies the following hardware:
•IDU-ODU interconnecting cables with connectors.
Equipment
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 23
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This cable is type RG-6 cable, 75 ohm impedance, terminated in type
TNC weatherproof connectors. Acceptable types include 18 gauge Belden
9248 or Alpha 9314. The length may vary between installations but the
cable run must not exceed 300 ft in length.
Do not use 50 ohm cable for this connection. Do not substitute RG-59
cable for 18 gauge RG-6 cable. Connectors may be crimped or soldered,
but must be type TNC male.
•Copper ground wire (#6). This wire is used to ground the antennas, ODUs
and IDUs.
•Miscellaneous hardware, including ground lugs, cable ties, bulkhead
pass-throughs, connector sealants, and other materials as needed.
Required tools
These tools are required for most SkyZhone 45 installations:
•Personal safety equipment
Safety harnesses, climbing rope, hard hats, and other gear as required for
tower-mounting antennas and ODUs.
•A VT100 compatible PC emulator or terminal.
The terminal is used to configure the system using the DB9 (Craft) serial
port on the back of the IDU.
•A Volt-ohm meter (Fluke model 77 or equivalent)
Used to verify DC power, measure DC voltage and resistance (cable
continuity), and to verify the continuity of the IDU-ODU cable. It is also
used to measure RSSI during final antenna alignment.
•Radio installation hand tools.
The tools should include screwdrivers, wrenches, and pliers, plus an
electric drill and bits. The SkyZhone 45 system uses US standard
fasteners.
Preparing for Installation
24 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 25
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INSTALLATION
This explains how to install the SkyZhone 45 system and includes the
following sections:
•Important safety instructions, page 25
•Antenna installation, page 27
•ODU installation, page 28
•IDU installation, page 33
•ODU LEDs, page 37
•IDU LEDs, page 37
WARNING! Every part of this microwave radio system, including
antennas, must be properly grounded. Grounding maximizes the
system performance, minimizes lightning damage, and ensures
safety. Make sure ground connections are available for all of the
SkyZhone 45 equipment before beginning the installation.
Important safety instructions
The SkyZhone 45 system equipment is designed and manufactured in
compliance with safety standard EN60950.
Following these precautions will ensure personal safety and prevent damage
to the SkyZhone 45 equipment or to other connected equipment.
Note: Read and follow all warning notices and instructions marked
on the product or included in this guide.
Safety instructions:
1The SkyZhone 45 product should be installed by professionals. If this
product was not purchased directly from Zhone or an authorized
distributor, contact Zhone Technologies, Inc. for referral to a professional
installer. Non-authorized installation is in possible violation of FCC
regulations.
Installation
26 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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2Every SkyZhone 45 component must be grounded through the terminal
marked with the international ground symbol. ( )
3Slots and openings in the equipment are for ventilation. For reliable
operation and to avoid overheating, do not or block cover any slots or
openings in the system chassis.
4DO NOT attempt to service this product yourself, or your warranty will
be void. Refer all servicing to Zhone Global Service and Support.
5Special cables, which may be required by the regulatory inspection
authority for the installation site, are the responsibility of the customer.
6When installed in the final configuration, the product must comply with
the applicable safety standards and regulatory requirements of the
geographic location in which it is installed. If necessary, consult with the
appropriate regulatory agencies and inspection authorities to ensure
compliance.
7A rare phenomenon can create a voltage potential difference between the
earth grounds of two or more buildings that are interconnected through
installed communication links such as coaxial cables. Consult a qualified
electrical consultant to determine whether this phenomenon exists and, if
necessary, implement corrective action before installing the products.
8Always use adequate Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection when
handling circuit card assemblies and other electronic parts.
9DO NOT allow anything to rest on the power cord. Do not place the
product where the power cord could be walked on or damaged.
Antenna installation
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 27
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Antenna installation
WARNING! It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that
the antenna is mounted so that it is not accessible to the public
and is not directed where dangerous levels of human exposure
could result.
Due to the possibility of exposure to Radio Frequency (RF)
radiation above the recommended levels, do not stand within five
(5) feet of the front of the antenna during system operation.
Mechanical installation
The antennas are mounted to a vertical pipe or tower leg that has sufficient
rigidity to prevent the antenna being moved by wind. Follow the wind load
guidelines in the antenna installation instructions, and design the antenna
structure with the wind load guidelines in mind.
The antenna assemblies include mounting hardware that provides adjustment
in vertical and horizontal planes.
The antenna has a type-N style connector with a special sleeve to prevent its
being connected except to the short coaxial cable that connects to the ODU.
Three different-sized parabolic antennas are available with the SkyZhone 45.
Parabolic antennas provide forward gain and protection from in-band
interference on other azimuths. The FCC approval is valid ONLY when one of
the Zhone Technologies, Inc. antennas are used. Do not use antennas from any
other source.
Read and use the installation instructions packaged with the antennas.
Table 10 describes the instructions that apply to each antenna:
Table 10: Antenna installation and adjustment procedures
Antenna version Description
SSP2-52B (2 ft) Feed Assembly Plane Polarized Installation Instructions
Adjustable Parabolic Antenna Mount Installation Instructions
SSP4-52B (4 ft) 4’ and 6’ Diameter Microwave Antennas with Vertical Tilt Mount Installation
Instructions
Feed Assembly Plan Polarized Installation Instructions
SSP6-52A (6 ft) 4’ and 6’ Diameter Microwave Antennas with Vertical Tilt Mount Installation
Instructions
Feed Assembly Plan Polarized Installation Instructions
All Antennas Weatherproofing the “Type N” Female Connector on Feeds
Installation
28 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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Antenna alignment
Each antenna is aimed directly at, and has an optical line-of-sight radio path
to, the antenna on the other end of the link. The presence of buildings, foliage
or other obstructions within the radio path or the first Fresnel zone will
impede performance and could prevent communications. Depending upon the
antenna diameter used, the beam width of most of the transmitted signal will
be 5 degrees or less, requiring that the antenna be accurately aimed.
A quality magnetic compass and spirit level be should be used to aim the
antenna. The azimuth of the other site must be known and magnetic deflection
considered. You can consult topographical maps to determine the amount of
local magnetic deflection.
The antenna mounting hardware can be adjusted after the antenna is installed.
To use the adjusting points, the clamping bolts must be slightly loose. After
the antenna is aligned for maximum signal strength, tighten the mounting
bolts.
The antenna is connected to earth ground using #6 AWG copper ground wire,
in compliance with local and national electrical codes.
WARNING!
There is no proven link between the low level of RF emitted by
this device to any type of injury or disease, however, it is
recommended that you follow these precautions to minimize
unnecessary RF exposure:
•Do not connect power to the IDU and do not install the cable
between the IDU and ODU until the antenna and ODU are
installed. This will prevent radiation from the antenna when
people are within close proximity.
•Do not install the antenna where it is possible for a person to
stand within five feet of the radiating side.
ODU installation
There are two versions of the ODU, labeled A and B. Each SkyZhone 45
system must have one A variant ODU and one B variant ODU. The A version
transmits on frequencies between 5.725 and 5.825 GHz, and receives on
frequencies between 5.250 and 5.350 GHz. The B version transmits on the
lower frequencies and receives on the higher.
Either variant can be used at either end of a link, however, it is recommended
that the A variant be installed on the end of the link that is nearest the Central
Office.
ODU installation
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 29
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ODU mechanical installation
Use the mounting bracket that came with the ODU to install it. Use these
guidelines to install the ODU:
•The ODU must be installed within six feet of the antenna, or within reach
of the 6 ft LMR-600 cable provided (see Figure 10 on page 32). This
cable is very rigid and requires sufficient bending radius.
•The mounting clamp is designed to secure the ODU to a pole or mast, and
should be installed immediately below the antenna.
•The ODU must be installed with its connectors pointing towards the
ground. See Figure 10 on page 32 for an example of a properly installed
ODU.
To mount the ODU:
1Install the mounting bracket to the pole or mast.
2Install the side plates to the mounting bracket. (This ensures correct
vertical spacing).
3Open the ODU front cover and mount the unit to the side plates using the
mounting screws.
4Secure the front cover of the weatherproof cabinet using the fastening tool
provided with the system. Use of this tool prevents unauthorized access to
the enclosure.
See Figure 7 for a detailed view of installing the ODU mounting bracket to
the pole or mast.
Installation
30 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
Figure 7: ODU mounting installation detail
You can mount multiple ODUs to a single mounting bracket as shown in
Figure 8.
ODU installation
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 31
DRAFT
Figure 8: Mounting options
Connecting the ODU to the antenna
The ODU is has two coaxial connectors, as shown in Figure 9. The larger type
N-style connector connects to the antenna, and the smaller TNC-style
connector connects to the IDU.
Note: The ground stud on the ODU must be connected to earth
ground.
Figure 9: ODU connector panel
Connect the ODU to the antenna as shown in Figure 10.
Installation
32 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
Figure 10: Connecting the ODU to the antenna
Securing the connectors
After connecting the coaxial cable to the antenna, secure the special N-style
connector using an open-end adjustable wrench. Use care not to over-tighten
the connectors.
Caution: Make sure that the Type N connector to the antenna is
properly and securely seated before you secure the connector cover.
This connector cover can only be used once, because it strips the
threads of the connector to prevent unauthorized or inadvertent
removal. Once secured, the connector cover cannot be removed
without damaging the antenna connector.
Weatherproofing the type N connector
After the coaxial cable is connected, wrap the Type N-style connector in butyl
rubber sealant, and squeeze it firmly around all of the joints to make a
continuous seal. For best weatherability, wrap the butyl seal with several
layers of black PVC tape (not supplied).
Adjusting azimuth and elevation
The antenna installation instructions explain azimuth and elevation panning.
You can use these instructions, and a compass or GPS and a level, to roughly
align the antenna. There will be a weak signal.
RSSI test points inside the ODU provide a voltage that varies with receive
signal strength. See Figure 11. The system must be provisioned and the link
IDU installation
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 33
DRAFT
made operational before final azimuth and elevation adjustments can be made
using the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) test points.
Figure 11: RSSI test points
The voltage range of the RSSI indication is very small, varying from 0.9 VDC
to 1.4 VDC. Use a digital voltmeter capable of resolution at these ranges (for
example, a Fluke model 77), and adjust the antenna’s azimuth and tilt until an
optimal signal is reached as indicated by the voltage at the RSSI connection.
A higher voltage indicates more signal strength. Use care not to “peak” the
antenna on a side lobe, which is often about 20 dB below the main lobe in
strength. The antenna should be on the approximate azimuth that was
calculated using a compass and map.
IDU installation
The IDU units are installed inside at each end of the microwave link, within
300 feet of the ODU, and are protected from rain or condensing moisture.
Secure the IDU in the rack. Rack mount brackets are provided to install the
unit into a 19- or 23-in rack as shown in Figure 12
Caution: To prevent damage to the system, use only the screws
provided.
Note that all of the IDU connections are made on the rear panel.
sz0101
Installation
34 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
Figure 12: IDU installation
System interconnections
Figure 13 shows the connections made on the IDU.
Figure 13: Connecting IDU Interfaces
Cabling IDU to ODU
Before connecting the IDU to the ODU, check the electrical continuity of the
center conductor and the ground shield end-to-end. This verifies that the
connectors have been installed properly.
Connect the IDU to the ODU only after a ground connection has been made at
the IDU and the surge protector is installed on the IDU TNC female
connector.
Install the 75 Ohm cable between the ODU and the IDU as shown in
Figure 14.
IDU installation
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 35
DRAFT
Figure 14: Cabling IDU to ODU
Electrical installation
Before any other connections are made, connect a ground wire to the terminal
marked with the grounding symbol (see Figure 15).
Figure 15: Electrical connector locations
IDU to ODU cable connection
Locate the TNC-style connector on the left side of the IDU rear panel. It is
connected to the ODU with a contractor-supplied RG-6 coaxial cable. Install
the surge protector that was included with the system on the IDU female TNC
connector, then connect the cable between the IDU and ODU.
Note: Exposed cabling should be protected in conduit.
Grounding symbol
Installation
36 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
DS3
Connect the two DS3 cables to the DS3 BNC connectors. These cables should
be marked “DS-3 IN” and “DS-3 OUT”. The system will not carry traffic (but
will be undamaged) if these couplers are reversed.
Alarms
Alarm indications in SkyZhone 45 release version 1.0 are displayed using the
LEDs on the unit front panels.
Local PC for terminal emulation
Connect a VT-100 terminal or a PC running terminal emulation software to
the DB-9 (Craft) serial port See “The management interface” on page 41 for
more information.
Ethernet interface
There is an RJ-45 10/100 BaseT Ethernet connector to the right of the BNC
connectors on the back of the IDU. This interface is reserved for network
management support.
DC power connection
The two-pin connection marked DC power connects -48 VDC (nominal)
power to the IDU. DC power supplied to this unit should come from an
external network power panel with fuse protection.
Caution: The IDU is not polarity sensitive and will operate properly
with power over the 36 to 60 VDC. No damage will occur due to
under- or over-voltage conditions up to 100 VDC.
WARNING! Do not connect DC power until the ODU is installed
and connected to the IDU and to the antenna.
AC power connection
The AC power connection accepts AC voltage over the range of 90-260 volts,
in a frequency range of 50-60 Hz.
WARNING! Do not connect AC power until the ODU is installed
and connected to the IDU and to the antenna. Do not connect
both AC power and DC power to the same IDU. The ground pin
in an AC power cord is not adequate grounding. Use the external
ground connection.
ODU LEDs
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 37
DRAFT
Confirming power to the system
After either AC or DC power has been supplied to the IDU, the IDU front
panel LED marked PWR will illuminate.The radio will not begin transmitting
until configured by the installer to comply with FCC regulations. See Chapter
4, “Provisioning, ” on page 39.
ODU LEDs
Table 11 describes the ODU LEDs.
IDU LEDs
The IDU has seven LEDs on the front panel. When the system is powered up,
the LED marked PWR will illuminate. See “IDU LEDs” on page 55 for more
information.
Table 11: ODU LED indicators
LED Description
A (green) blinking A heartbeat indicator that is synchronized with a watchdog timer.
Indicates that the ODU has power and the processor is running.
B (yellow) ON Indicates that he non-volatile memory chip is being accessed. This is an
infrequent and brief event. This LED is lit primarily during system
self-test.
C (green) ON Indicates that the synthesizer is in Lock Mode. This LED is active during
regular operation, but not until the unit is configured.
D (yellow) ON Indicates a minimum received level is present. This LED is active during
regular operation, but not until the unit is configured. When lit, the RSSI
test points can be used for fine alignment of the antenna.
E (red) ON Indicates a fault with the ODU processor. The ODU will not pass traffic.
Installation
38 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 39
4
DRAFT
PROVISIONING
This chapter explains how to provision the SkyZhone 45. It has the following
sections:
•Overview, page 39
•The management interface, page 41
•Provisioning overview, page 43
•Verifying the installation, page 49
•The QuickStatus command, page 50
After the system is provisioned, it will be fully functional and able to transmit
data.
Overview
The SkyZhone 45 system is provisioned through the DB-9 (Craft) serial port
on the IDU using a VT-100 terminal or a PC running terminal emulation
software.
Note: The system will not transmit or receive until you complete the
provisioning as explained in this chapter.
This section gives a provisioning overview and includes these sections:
•Provisioning the primary operational frequency, page 39
•Provisioning the secondary frequency, page 40
•Provisioning transmitter power, page 40
•Provisioning the receive attenuator setting, page 40
•Provisioning the transmit overlimit regulator, page 40
•Enabling the RF power amplifier and LNA, page 40
Provisioning the primary operational frequency
The primary operational frequency is the frequency that the system will
operate on when it is initiated. Before choosing this frequency, perform an
interference analysis using a spectrum analyzer. The channel should be clear
Provisioning
40 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
of interference for the specific azimuth and deployment. Seventeen
overlapping channels are available for each of the A and B type systems.
Provisioning the secondary frequency
The secondary frequency is used as a backup if the primary channel become
unusable due to interference. Before choosing this frequency, perform an
interference analysis using a spectrum analyzer. The channel should be clear
of interference for the specific azimuth and deployment. Choose one of the
seventeen channels in the channel plan.
Provisioning transmitter power
Transmitter power is regulated by controlling the value of an attenuator in the
transmit portion of the ODU. There are 32 values from 00 (minimum) to 1F
(maximum). Each HEX step changes the attenuation by 1 dB. The default
system transmit attenuation is 15 dB.
Provisioning the receive attenuator setting
The receive attenuator controls the signal level to the receiver input. Most
systems operating over path lengths greater than one mile will require no
extra attenuation in the receive path. Some installations, including those with
large antennas, may require additional receive attenuation. There are 16
values from 00 (minimum) to 1F (maximum). Each HEX step changes the
attenuation by 2 dB. The default receive attenuation is 0 dB.
Provisioning the transmit overlimit regulator
The SkyZhone 45 is equipped with a detector that monitors the actual transmit
output level after the transmitter power amplifier. This enables the system to
detect saturation of the power amplifier, which could cause the transmitter to
exceed FCC maximum emission levels. If the ODU CPU detects the
transmitter exceeding this level, the transmitter power amplifier will be shut
down. There are three HEX settings for this detector that depend upon the
antenna size.
Enabling the RF power amplifier and LNA
This step in the provisioning initiates the RF transmission. The RF power
amplifier and receive Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) are controlled by this
command. Do not enable these amplifiers until the system is fully installed,
the antennas are properly positioned, and there are no people in front of the
radiating area of the antenna.
The management interface
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 41
DRAFT
The management interface
The SkyZhone 45 IDU has an RS-232 serial (Craft) interface for managing
the system. To access the serial port you must first configure your VT-100
terminal (or computer with terminal emulation software) with these settings:
•9,600 bps
•8 data bits
•No parity
•1 stop bit
•Hardware flow control
The IDU processes the configuration instructions and sends them to the ODU.
The cable provided by the installer that connects the serial port on the PC or
terminal to the RS-232 (Craft) port on the IDU must have continuity between
the wires connecting pins 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 between each connector. Do not use
a null modem on this cable. The pin configurations for the IDU and ODU are
shown in Table 12:
Power-up indications
When power is applied to the SkyZhone 45 system, there is an approximate
45 second wait, and then the following screen displays.
Note: The VxWorks System version number, the bootrom version
number and the Generic System Image version number are provided
Table 12: RS-232 (Craft) port pin configuration
Pin
Number Use
1Not used
2 Data to terminal
3 Data from terminal
4Not used
5 Ground
6Not used
7RTS
8CTS
9 Ground
Provisioning
42 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
for reference to software engineers and do not refer to the ODU
software version.
VxWorks OperatingSystem version 5.4
Copyright 2001 Zhone Technologies, Inc.
CPU: SkyZhone45 Indoor Unit IDU
Bootrom version 1.0.1
Created on February 28, 2001 13:41:24
Console Test..................................Passed
Loading the generic system image Please wait...
The image in boot area is good
Generic system image load completed
Generic system image booting. Please wait...
CPU: SkyZhone45 Indoor Unit (IDU)
Generic System Image version 1.0.0.0
SkyZhone45....Beaming your way........
Starting SkyZhone45.
Created on Mar2 2001, 00:09:26
SkyZhone45 Indoor Unit (IDU) is powering on the Outdoor
Unit (ODU), waiting one second...
SkyZhone45 system is ready for operation.
SkyZhone45 is monitoring the line interfaces.
SkyZhone45: Indoor Unit - DS3 Line RX LOS Alarm Set SA
SkyZhone45: Indoor Unit - Radio Link RX OOL Alarm Cleared
NSA
SkyZhone45: Console running...
-ODU->
After the system is initialized, the -ODU-> prompt displays and the system is
ready to be provisioned.
Error Messages
When the ODU receives a command it cannot process, it may not respond, or,
it may return an error message. If there is no response, the command was
entered incorrectly. If either of the sample messages below is returned, the
command was not processed and has to be resent.
>BCC_ _ERR
-ODU->
This message means that part of the command was garbled between the IDU
and the ODU. Repeated messages like this indicate that the communications
link between the IDU and the ODU is not working properly.
>SYN_ _ERR
-ODU->
Provisioning overview
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 43
DRAFT
This message indicates that a command proceeded by ODU@ was incorrect.
If there is no ODU connected to the IDU, or if the cable is bad, the following
message will be returned:
-ODU->Communications fault to/from ODU....Please check
ODU cable.
When communications are restored between the ODU and IDU, this message
will display:
-ODU->Communication fault to/from ODU restored
Provisioning overview
The RS-232 interface on the IDU is used to provision the ODU. The
following rules apply to the commands:
•All of the commands are in uppercase letters.
•The first character of the twelve character sequence command is always
@.
•The last two keystrokes are always an exclamation mark (!) and the Enter
key, and look like this:
! <Enter>
Commands
Setting the primary frequency
This command sets one of the A01 through A17 or B01 through B17 channels
as the primary frequency. A system with an A variant ODU will not accept a
B channel assignment command, and a B variant ODU will not accept A
variant channels.
The default channel setting on factory shipped ODUs is channel 03. A
variants will be shipped on A03. B variants will be shipped on B03.
The following example sets the primary channel as A08:
@ S F 0 P A 0 0 8 ! <Enter>
The first three characters @ S F begins the command string for set
frequency.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth character, P, indicates that the primary channel is being
programmed.
The sixth character, A, indicates a terminal with an A variant ODU is
being provisioned.
The seventh character, 0, is has no function.
Provisioning
44 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
The eighth and ninth characters, 0 8, set the channel number.
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Setting the secondary frequency
This command sets one of 17 channels A01 through A17 or B01 through B17
as the secondary frequency. A system with an A variant ODU will not accept
a B channel assignment command, and a B variant ODU will not accept A
variant channels.
The default secondary channel setting on factory shipped ODUs is channel
15. “A” variants will be shipped on A15. “B” variants will be shipped on B15.
The following example sets the secondary channel to B13.
@ S F 0 S B 0 1 3 ! <Enter>
The first three characters @ S F begins the command string for Set
Frequency.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth character, S, indicates that the secondary channel is being
programmed
The sixth character, B, indicates that a B variant ODU is being
provisioned.
The seventh character, 0, is has no function.
The eighth and ninth characters, 1 3, set the channel number.
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Channel center frequencies
Table 13 provide the channel center frequencies. Note that channels are
overlapping. Center frequency of each channel is 5 MHz from the next
channel. Occupied bandwidth is about 17 MHz and a 5 MHz guard band
between occupied spectrum is recommended. Systems on parallel paths
should use channels with center frequencies separated by 25 MHz. Using
opposite polarization and angular (azimuth) differences allows use of closer
spacing.
Table 13: Channel Center Frequencies
Channel Transmit center
frequency Receive center
frequency Channel Transmit center
frequency Receive center
frequency
A01 5.735 GHz 5.260 GHz B01 5.260 GHz 5.735 GHz
A02 5.740 GHz 5.265 GHz B02 5.265 GHz 5.740 GHz
A03 5.745 GHz 5.270 GHz B03 5.270 GHz 5.745 GHz
A04 5.750 GHz 5.275 GHz B04 5.275 GHz 5.750 GHz
Commands
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 45
DRAFT
Setting the transmit signal strength
Transmit power output level is controlled by the length of the IDU/ODU
connecting cable and by the transmit attenuator setting. The length of the
cable that connects the IDU and OCU must be considered when the power
setting is selected.
Table 14 is based on a 100 ft cable length. If the cable length is 50 ft, transmit
power must be decreased by 3 dB. If the cable is 200 ft long, increase the
transmit power by 3 dB. If it is 300 ft long, increase the transmit power by 6
dB.
This command programs the transmit attenuator in the ODU. The HEX
setting 00 is for full power and 1F is for full attenuation. This establishes the
antenna output power. Table 14 shows the output in dBm and the resultant
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) for all three antenna sizes. EIRP is
calculated by substracting 1 dB loss in the antenna cable from the antenna
gain.
Caution: If a message displays “Not Allowed” then that attenuator
setting cannot be used with the antenna. The installer is legally
responsible for using an appropriate output power setting.
This example sets the transmit attenuator for a TX output of -2dBm at the
antenna port:
@ S T 0 0 0 0 0 A ! <Enter>
A05 5.755 GHz 5.280 GHz B05 5.280 GHz 5.755 GHz
A06 5.760 GHz 5.285 GHz B06 5.285 GHz 5.760 GHz
A07 5.765 GHz 5.290 GHz B07 5.290 GHz 5.765 GHz
A08 5.770 GHz 5.295 GHz B08 5.295 GHz 5.770 GHz
A09 5.775 GHz 5.300 GHz B09 5.300 GHz 5.775 GHz
A10 5.780 GHz 5.305 GHz B10 5.305 GHz 5.780 GHz
A11 5.785 GHz 5.310 GHz B11 5.310 GHz 5.785 GHz
A12 5.790 GHz 5.315 GHz B12 5.315 GHz 5.790 GHz
A13 5.795 GHz 5.320 GHz B13 5.320 GHz 5.795 GHz
A14 5.800 GHz 5.325 GHz B14 5.325 GHz 5.800 GHz
A15 5.805 GHz 5.330 GHz B15 5.330 GHz 5.805 GHz
A16 5.810 GHz 5.335 GHz B16 5.335 GHz 5.810 GHz
A17 5.815 GHz 5.340 GHz B17 5.340 GHz 5.815 GHz
Table 13: Channel Center Frequencies (Continued)
Channel Transmit center
frequency Receive center
frequency Channel Transmit center
frequency Receive center
frequency
Provisioning
46 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
The first three characters @ S T begin the command string for the Set
Transmit Signal Strength command.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth through seventh characters are 0.
The eighth and ninth characters, 0 A, set the HEX attenuation value (see
Table 14).
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Setting the receive signal attenuation
This command programs the receive attenuator in the ODU, HEX setting 00
for no attenuation and 1F for maximum attenuation. It is usually set at 00 for
maximum receive ability but can be adjusted for each link. If the link is short
the received signal may need to be reduced.
Table 14: Transmit signal strength
Attenuator setting
(HEX)
TX output at the
antenna port EIRP using
2’ antenna
(29 dB gain)
EIRP using 4’
antenna
(33 dB gain)
EIRP using
6”antenna
(37 dB gain)
00 +7 dBm Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed
Caution: The attenuator setting “00” should only be used during ODU testing. The antennas offered
with SkyZhone 45 provide more EIRP at this power setting than allowed for operation in the United
States under Part 15.407 of the FCC rules.
06 +2 dBm +30 dBm Not allowed Not allowed
07 +1 dBm +29 dBm Not allowed Not allowed
08 0 dBm +28 dBm Not allowed Not allowed
09 -1 dBm +27 dBm Not allowed Not allowed
0A -2 dBm +26 dBm +30 dBm Not allowed
0B -3 dBm +25 dBm +29 dBm Not allowed
0C -4 dBm +23 dBm +28 dBm Not allowed
0D -5 dBm +22 dBm +27 dBm Not allowed
0F -6 dBm +21 dBm +26 dBm +30 dBm
10 -7 dBm +20 dBm +25 dBm +29 dBm
11 -8 dBm +19 dBm +24 dBm +28 dBm
12 -9 dBm +18 dBm +23 dBm +27 dBm
HEX values between 13 and 1F will set transmit power below useful levels.
1F (maximum) -24 dBm +4 dBm +8 dBm +12 dBm
Commands
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 47
DRAFT
The following example adds 6 dB of attenuation to the receive path within the
ODU:
@ S R 0 0 0 0 0 4 ! <Enter>
The first three characters @ S R begin the command string for set receive
attenuation.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth through seventh characters are 0.
The eighth and ninth characters, 0 4, set the HEX attenuation value (see
Table 15).
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Table 15 shows the attenuation in Db. The resultant receive level at the
antenna is -80 dBm, before antenna gains. (The high signal level is only on
the shortest paths.) Calculations are based on antenna gain plus 1 dB loss in
the Zhone-supplied antenna cable. If the Receive Signal Level (RSL) is
calculated to be above -40 dBm, attenuation should be added using this
command. The SkyZhone 45 will perform best with a RSL between -50 and
-60 dBm.
Table 15: Receive attenuation settings
Attenuator setting
(HEX)
Attenuation
inserted into
receive path
RSL at receiver
using 2’ antenna
(29 dB gain)
RSL at receiver
using 4’ antenna
(33 dB gain)
RSL at receiver
using 6’ antenna
(37 dB gain)
00 0 dB -52 dBm -48 dBm -44 dBm
Caution: The attenuator setting “00” should only be used during ODU testing. The antennas offered
with SkyZhone 45 provide more EIRP at this power setting than allowed for operation in the United
States under Part 15.407 of the FCC rules.
02 -2 dB -54 dBm -50 dBm -46 dBm
03 -4 dB -56 dBm -52 dBm -48 dBm
04 -6 dB -58 dBm -54 dBm -50 dBm
05 -8 dB -60 dBm -56 dBm -52 dBm
06 -10 dB -62 dBm -58 dBm -54 dBm
07 -12 dB -64 dBm -60 dBm -56 dBm
08 -14 dB -66 dBm -62 dBm -58 dBm
09 -16 dB -68 dBm -64 dBm -60 dBm
0A -18 dB -70 dBm -66 dBm -62 dBm
0B -20 dB -72 dBm -68 dBm -64 dBm
0C -22 dB -74 dBm -70 dBm -66 dBm
Provisioning
48 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
Setting the transmit signal strength threshold
This command programs the KTSSI byte in the ODU which provides a
comparison limit to the transmit power seen within the ODU. If the
transmitted power exceeds this value, the ODU CPU will automatically turn
off the power amplifier.
The following example sets the transmit comparison level at the proper
setting for a 4 foot antenna:
@ C T 0 0 0 0 0 E ! <Enter>
The first three characters, @ C T, begin the command string for the
compare transmit signal strength command.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth and sixth characters, y y, set the attenuation value (see
Table 16).
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Setting the amplifiers ON
This command enables the power to the receive and transmit amplifiers,
allowing the link to operate. After this command is given the ODU will begin
transmitting, and the receiver will look for received signal.
0D -24 dB -76 dBm -72 dBm -68 dBm
0E -28 dB -78 dBm -74 dBm -70 dBm
0F -30 dB -80 dBm -76 dBm -72 dBm
10 -32 dB -82 dBm -78 dBm -74dBm
15 -42 dB Below receive
threshold -88 dBm (receive
sensitivity for 10-8
BER)
-84 dBm
1F
(maximum) -62 dB Below receive
threshold Below receive
threshold Below receive
threshold
Table 15: Receive attenuation settings (Continued)
Attenuator setting
(HEX)
Attenuation
inserted into
receive path
RSL at receiver
using 2’ antenna
(29 dB gain)
RSL at receiver
using 4’ antenna
(33 dB gain)
RSL at receiver
using 6’ antenna
(37 dB gain)
Table 16: Transmit threshold settings
2 ft antenna 4 ft antenna 6 ft antenna
HEX Setting 94 85 7E
Verifying the installation
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 49
DRAFT
WARNING! Do not perform this command unless the antenna is
clear of people, properly mounted, and connected to the ODU
The following example sets the transmit and receive amplifiers to ON :
@ S A 0 O N 0 0 0 ! <Enter>
The first three characters @ S A begins the command string for the set
amplifiers command.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth and sixth characters are O N (letters), which set the amplifiers to
ON.
The seventh, eighth and ninth characters are 0.
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Setting the amplifiers OFF
This command turns off the power to the receive and transmit amplifiers,
disabling the link.
The following example sets the transmit and receive amplifiers to OFF:
@ S A 0 O F 0 0 0 ! <Enter>
The first three characters @ S A begin the command string for the set
amplifiers command.
The fourth character, 0, defines the unit number, which is always zero.
The fifth and sixth characters are O F (letters) which set the amplifiers to
OFF.
The seventh, eighth and ninth characters are 0.
The last two keystrokes of the command are ! <Enter>.
Verifying the installation
After the provisioning is complete, the link should be transmitting, and if the
antennas are properly aligned, a link will automatically be established. The
front panel LEDs should look like the image below (assuming that DS-3 data
is not yet being sent), indicating that a signal is being transmitted and
Provisioning
50 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
received.
After a link is established and the antenna alignment is complete, the status of
the ODU including RSSI can be read using the dump status command.
The QuickStatus command
The QuickStatus command lets you check system status and verify system
configuration.
Enter the @ sign, ? and <Enter> at the -ODU-> prompt.The screen that is
returned is shown below, and Table 17 explains what the output means.
-ODU->@?
ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
VERSION 1.0.4
SERIAL#xxxxxType A
RSSI=xx KRSSI=xx
TSSI=xx KTSSI=xx
TX ATTEN=xx RX ATTEN=xx
PRIFREQ=xxx SECFREQ=xxx
CURFREQ=xxx
TEMP=xx KTEMP=xx
LOCK=YES
PA/LNA=OFF
LOOP=OFF
VMON=ALERT
Enter Command:
-ODU->
Responses indicated by xxx vary with the system settings.
pwr
diag
operational
DS3
radio
local
remote
Table 17: Status readout
Response Meaning
ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES INC. The manufacturer of the ODU.
SERIAL# _ 00000_TYPE_A The serial number of the ODU and whether it is a Type A
or Type B variant.
RSSI = 00 A HEX value for RSSI.
KRSSI=20 The HEX setting for receive threshold constant is set at
20.
The QuickStatus command
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 51
DRAFT
TSSI = _00 A HEX value for TSSI, which is the current transmit
output level. This should be less than the Transmit Signal
Strength Threshold.
KTSSI=20 The HEX setting for transmit threshold constant is
currently 20
PRIFREQ=A01 The primary frequency is channel A01
SECFREQ=A13 The secondary frequency is channel A13
TEMP=_00 A HEX value for the current temperature inside the IDU.
KTEMP=20 The HEX setting for the temperature constant is 20.
FREQ= _000 The current channel setting, which may be the PRIMARY
or SECONDARY frequency.
LOCK=_YES Gives condition of frequency lock. Normal is “YES” and
the other indication is “NO”.
PA=_ON Gives status of power amplifier. Normal is “ON” and the
other indication is “OFF”.
LOOP=_OFF Indicates if Loop Back testing is in progress. Normal is
“OFF” and the other indications is “ON”.
VMON=_OK Indicates voltage monitors are operational. Normal is
“OK” and the other indication is “ALT” for Alert.
Table 17: Status readout
Response Meaning
Provisioning
52 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
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SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 53
5
DRAFT
SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
This chapter describes basic system maintenance. It contains the following
sections:
•Physical maintenance, page 53
•Diagnostics using the b byte, page 53
•IDU LEDs, page 55
Physical maintenance
The SkyZhone 45 system does not require any regular maintenance but it is
important that you monitor the radio link at regular intervals to make sure that
the radio and all the link components are operating properly and that the link
conditions have not changed.
Because the antenna and ODU are exposed to the elements and are often in
locations where others can access them, they should be inspected on a regular
basis. Regularly check these things:
•Antenna mounting hardware. This can be vibrated loose by the wind.
•Cables. Connecting cables that are exposed on rooftops can be cut when
walked on.
•Cables that cross rooftops covered in crushed rock over tar can be cut by
the sharp stones if someone walks on them.
Diagnostics using the b byte
After each full length command the system is given, the ODU answers with a
response that contains the first character of the command. The second
character is the b byte, which is a way to measure SkyZhone 45 system status.
The response from the ODU looks like this example:
> S b 0 0 0 0 0 x
The third character is the b byte. This HEX character displays information
about the status of the ODU. The b byte should be 0 (zero) when the system is
operating normally. The higher the HEX indication, the more severe the
condition. The tenth character in this response is a check-sum digit, which
may vary. The other digits in the response are not significant.
System Maintenance
54 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
Table 18: b byte readout explanation
b byte character Indication Possible solution
0 All OK Not applicable.
1 Indicate one or more of
these conditions exists in
the ODU:
Loopback is on.
No frequency set.
Power amplifier not on.
System in diagnostic mode.
System in initialization
sequence.
Perform status dump for details. Double-check that
provisioning was performed correctly.
2 Indicates that the preset
limits for one or more of
the following have been
exceeded:
KTEMP ODU-
Over-temperature.
KTSSI-Transmit Signal
Strength Threshold.
KRSSI-Minimum receive
level.
Perform status dump for details.
The ODU processor will turn off the transmit amplifier.
Check the ODU temperature
Check that the KTSSI setting is proper for the power
setting and antenna.
If RSSI is too low, check the antenna alignment and the
antenna cable.
Double-check that provisioning was performed correctly.
3 Indicates a combination of
conditions indicated by 1
and 2.
See 1 and 2 for solutions.
4 Indicates that one (or more)
of the ODU voltages the
system is monitoring is out
of tolerance.
Ensure IDU-ODU cable is properly installed with tight
connections.
Double-check that provisioning was performed correctly.
If failure continues contact Zhone GSS
5 Conditions indicated by 1
plus an ODU voltage
problem.
See solutions for 1 and 4 above.
6 Not applicable
7 Indicates a combination of
the conditions indicated by
1 and 2 plus a voltage
problem.
See solutions for 1, 2, and 4.
8 Indicates a synthesizer
unlock condition. Double-check that provisioning was performed correctly.
If failure continues, contact Zhone GSS.
9 Indicates a combination of
one of the conditions
indicated by 1 plus
synthesizer unlock.
Perform status dump for details. Double-check that
provisioning was performed correctly.
If failure continues contact Zhone GSS
IDU LEDs
SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide 55
DRAFT
IDU LEDs
The IDU has a seven LED display on the front panel. Error indications are
described below.
Local DS3 failure
When the Local DS3 line has failed, the LED appears as shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16: Local DS3 failure LED display
Remote radio failure
When the radio has failed, the LED display appears as shown in Figure 17.
A Not applicable
B Indicates a combination of
the conditions indicated by
“1” and “2” plus
synthesizer unlock.
Likely a fatal error.
Contact Zhone GSS
C Indicates a combination of
voltage problems plus
synthesizer unlock.
Likely a fatal error.
Contact Zhone GSS
D Indicates a combination of
conditions in “1”, voltage
problems and synthesizer
unlock.
Likely a fatal error.
Contact Zhone GSS
E Not applicable
F Indicates a major failure Likely a fatal error.
Contact Zhone GSS
Table 18: b byte readout explanation (Continued)
b byte character Indication Possible solution
pwr
diag
operational
DS3
radio
local
remote
System Maintenance
56 SkyZhone 45 Installation Guide
DRAFT
Figure 17: Remote radio failure
Local environmental alarms
When there are environmental alarms, the LED display appears as shown in
Figure 18.
Figure 18: Local environmental alarms
Remote loopback test indication
When a remote loopback test is being executed, the LED display appears as
shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19: Remote loopback test indication
DS3 loop back/link testing
TBD
Error messages
TBD
pwr
diag
operational
DS3
radio
local
remote
pwr
diag
operational
DS3
radio
local
remote
pwr
diag
operational
DS3
radio
local
remote