Davis Instruments DWW6345 Measurement Station User Manual Revised

Davis Instruments Measurement Station Users Manual Revised

Users Manual Revised

1Wireless Leaf & Soil Moisture/Temperature StationInstallation ManualFor Wireless Vantage Pro2™ and Vantage Pro2 Plus™The Wireless Leaf & Soil Moisture/Temperature Station (referred to in this document as the Leaf/Soil Station) can be used with any Wireless Vantage Pro2 weather station to measure leaf wetness, soil moisture, or temperature. The following Vantage Pro2 console station configurations can be used with the Leaf/Soil Station: • Only one Leaf/Soil Station can be installed as a Leaf/Soil Station per Vantage Pro2 Weather Station. • Two stations can be installed if one is configured as a Leaf Station and the other station is configured as a Soil Station in the Vantage Pro2 console. • Configured as a Leaf Station, the Station supports two leaf wetness sensors and two temperature probes. • Configured as a Soil Station, it supports up to four soil moisture sensors and tem-perature probes.Note: In any station using soil moisture sensors, the corresponding temperature probe, if installed, will be used for temperature compensation of the soil moisture sensor.Tools for SetupIn addition to the components shown, you will need some or all of the following materials:• Adjustable wrench or 7/16" wrench• Medium Phillips Screwdriver• Ballpoint pen or paper clip (small pointed object of some kind)• Drill and 3/16" (5 mm) drill bit (if mounting on a vertical surface)• Stepped Sensor Installation Tool for Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors (rec-ommended, see page 16)Station Type in Console ConfigurationNumber of Leaf Wetness Sensors Number of Soil Moisture Sensors Number ofTemp ProbesLEAF/SOIL Station 2 4 4LEAF Station 2 - 2SOIL Station - 4 407395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 1 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
2ComponentsThe Leaf/Soil Station includes the following components and hardware:Optional SensorsThe following optional sensors are available for the Leaf/Soil Station:Shelter3-Volt LithiumBattery8" Cable Ties 4" Cable Ties1/4" x 1-1/2"Lag ScrewsU-Bolts1/4" Flat Washers1/4" Lock Washers1/4" Hex NutsLeaf/Soil Station Components#8 Wood ScrewsU-Bolts1/4" FlatWashers1/4" Hex NutsLeaf Wetness Sensorwith 40' (12.2 m) of cable#8 x 3/4"MachineScrews#8 Hex Nuts#8 Lock Washers#8 Flat WashersOptional Leaf Wetness Sensor (#6420) Soil Moisture Sensorwith 15' (4.6 m) of cable Temperature Probewith 15' (4.6 m) of cable Optional Soil Moisture Sensor (#6440) and Optional Temperature Sensor (#6470)07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 2 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
3Installation StepsFor ease of installation and use of your Leaf/Soil Station, please follow steps in the order presented. • Preparing the station, page 3• Setting the transmitter ID, page 5• Choosing a location to mount the station, page 8• Mounting the station, page 9• Rules for using the sensors, page 10• Installing leaf wetness sensors, page 11• Installing soil moisture and temperature sensors, page 13• Using soil moisture readings, page 17If you encounter difficulties or have questions about your station, the following additional information may be helpful:• Troubleshooting the sensors, page 18• Extending Sensor Cables, page 18• Contacting Davis Technical Support, page 19• Specifications, page 19• FCC Warning, page 20Preparing the Leaf/Soil StationThe following illustrations show the location of the transmitter ID DIP switches, the battery mounting location, the modular connectors used by the leaf wetness sensors, and the terminal blocks used to connect the soil moisture sensors and temperature probes.07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 3 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
4Installing the Battery1. Insert the 3-volt lithium battery into the battery holder, matching the “+” sign on the battery with the “+” sign next to the battery mounting brackets.2. Note the location of the DIP switches. You will work with them during the next installation step.Temporarily Connecting a Sensor for TestingTemporarily connect at least one of the following sensors. Note: You must have at least one sensor installed in the Leaf/Soil station in order to test wireless com-munications. Leaf Wetness Sensor Connection• Connect the leaf wetness sensor cable to the LEAF 1 or LEAF 2 receptacle by plugging it in the proper receptacle. Soil Moisture Sensor ConnectionTemporarily connect a soil moisture probe to the SOIL 1 terminal block connector using the following instruc-tions.1. Use a pen or small screwdriver to open the connector “jaws” as shown in the illustration at the top of the next page.2. While the jaws are open, insert the temperature probe leads, then let the connec-tor jaws close in on the lead by removing the pen or small screwdriver.Note: The soil moisture sensor must be moist to be used for this test. A completely dry sensor will not register on the console.3-Volt Lithium BatteryDIP SwitchesCable ClampMountLeaf Wetness Sensor CableRubberGrommets SENSORSENSORINTERFACEINTERFACEMODULEMODULE+-Cable ClampTest LEDCable ClampScrewTemperature Moisture1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4Soil MoistureSensor CableTemperature Probe CableConnecting a Leaf WetnessSensor07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 4 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
5Soil Temperature Sensor ConnectionTemporarily connect a temperature probe to the TEMP 1 terminal block connector.1. Use a pen or small screwdriver to open the connector “jaws” as shown in the illustration to the right.2. While the jaws are open, insert the temperature probe leads, then let the connector jaws close in on the lead by removing the pen or small screw-driver.Setting the Transmitter IDEach wireless transmitting station must be set to one of eight transmitter IDs. DIP switches #1, 2 and 3 on the Sensor Interface Module (SIM) allow you to control the ID — the “channel” the station will transmit on. (DIP switch #4 is used for trans-mission testing, not for transmitter ID.) Note: A transmitter and receiver communicate with each other only when both are set to the same ID. The factory default transmitter ID is ‘1’. Looking at the table below, you can see that means the DIP switches are in the OFF position when each transmitting station leaves the factory. This is true for all Davis wireless equipment.1. Verify the transmitter ID used by your ISS, as well as all other transmitter IDs already used by your Vantage Pro2 Weather Station.2. Configure the Leaf/Soil Station to a transmitter ID not already in use. 3. Use a ballpoint pen or paper clip to toggle DIP switches #1, 2, and 3. The settings for transmitter IDs 1 – 8 are shown in the table below: ID Code Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3#1 (default) OFF OFF OFF#2 OFF OFF ON#3 OFF ON OFF#4 OFF ON ON#5 ON OFF OFF#6 ON OFF ON#7 ON ON OFF#8 ON ON ONConnecting a Soil Moisture or Temperature Sensor07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 5 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
6. Setting Console/Receiver(s) to Same ID1. Put your console into Setup Mode — press and hold DONE and press the down arrow (-). • The console displays the words: “RECEIVING FROM...” and “STATION NO.” followed by the transmitter IDs that your console detects. One of these should be the ID number you just set on the Leaf/Soil Station transmitter. It can take up to two minutes to show all transmitter IDs received. • If you don’t see the station on the console screen, make sure the console is within 10' of the transmitter, and verify that you set the DIP switches cor-rectly. Wait a few seconds and if you still don’t see it, go to “Troubleshooting Communication Problems” on the next page. 2. Press DONE to move to “Screen 2: Selecting Transmitters.” • Setup Mode – Screen 2 is where you will set the console to recognize signals on that ID as coming from a Leaf/Soil Station.3. Press the left (<) or right (>) arrows to scroll through transmitter IDs.• When you see the ID you chose for the Leaf/Soil Station, press the up (+) or down (-) arrows to activate reception of that ID code. Make sure the screen shows “ON (ISS)”. 4. Press GRAPH several times to change the station type in the console from ON (ISS) to ON (LEAF), ON (SOIL), or ON (LEAF/SOIL). • Configure it as a LEAF Station if you are only using it for leaf wetness and temperature.• Configure it as a SOIL station if you are only using it for soil moisture and temperature.• Configure it as a LEAF/SOIL station if you are using it for both leaf wetness and soil moisture.5. To exit Setup Mode, press and hold DONE.Note: See the Vantage Pro2 User’s Manual & Setup Guide: “Setup Mode – Screen 2: Selecting Trans-mitters” for more information.1234ONBattery Holder DIP Switches Transmitter DIP Switches in Top-right Corner of SIM07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 6 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
7Testing Station Communications1. If you are using a Soil Moisture sensor to test the station, press TEMP until you see “SOIL MOIST” displayed on the console screen where the inside temperature is usually displayed. If you are using a Leaf Wetness sensor, press HUM until you see “LEAF WET” displayed where you usually see the inside humidity. Both TEMP and HUM will display temperatures if you are using a temperature probe to test the station.• Soil temperature is displayed in the TEMP OUT location on the LCD. Leaf temperature is displayed below the barometer reading on the LCD.• If you see SOIL MOIST or LEAF WET and no number, you are seeing the moisture and temperature readings for sensor pair #1. A two, three or four will appear above the readings for the second, third or fourth set of sensors.2. If you continue to press TEMP or HUM, you will see the readings for sensor pairs #2, #3 and #4 (#3 and #4 are displayed for soil moisture and temperature only). • If no sensor is installed, the reading for that sensor will be dashed out. 3. A soil moisture, temperature, or leaf wetness reading confirms communication between your Leaf/Soil Station and the console.• Disconnect the sensor(s) that were temporarily installed to test communica-tions.• Go on to “Choosing a Location to Mount the Station” on page 8. If your console does not show a sensor reading, proceed to “Troubleshooting Com-munication Problems.”Troubleshooting Communication ProblemsFirst, verify that the console/receiver is powered and is not in Setup Mode (exit Setup Mode by pressing DONE and holding it for a moment). Then, on the Leaf/Soil Station, check that the battery is properly installed. Walk around the room with the console, standing for a few moments in various locations to see if you are pick-ing up signals.If you don’t see any readings, no matter where you stand with the console, put the transmitter in TEST mode as described below. TEST mode DIP switch #4 on the SIM (see illustration on page 6) is the TEST DIP switch. Switch it to the ON position using a ball-point pen or paper clip. This puts the trans-mitter in Test Mode. The test LED will flash each time the transmitter broadcasts a signal, which should be about every 2.5 seconds. If the LED flashes only once and then remains dark, or does not flash at all, there is a problem with the transmitter. See “Contacting Davis Technical Support” on page 19.07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 7 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
8If the LED flashes repeatedly but your console isn’t picking up a signal anywhere in the room, it could be related to one of the following causes: • The DIP switches were not correctly set on the transmitter. Review the procedure on page 5. • The ID was not correctly set on the console/receiver. Review the procedure on page 6. • Reception is being disrupted by RF (radio frequency) interference.• There is a problem with the console/receiver. See “Contacting Davis Technical Support” on page 19.Note: Remember to turn DIP switch #4 OFF when you’re finished testing wireless transmission. If it is left ON, the blinking LED will reduce battery life significantly. Choosing a Location to Mount the StationTry to position your Leaf/Soil Station as follows:• With the solar panel positioned for maximum exposure to the sun.• Within transmission range of your Vantage Pro2 console.See “Range of Wireless Transmission” on page 8.• Within cable range of the sensors:• Leaf Wetness Sensors come with 40’ (12 m) of cable standard and can be extended up to 200’ (61m) using 6-conductor 26 AWG cable.• Soil Moisture Sensors come with 15’ (4.6 m) of cable standard and can be extended up to 1000’ (300m) using #18 gauge UF cable.• Temperature Sensors come with 15’ (4.6 m) of cable standard and can be extended up to 800’ (242m) using #24 AWG shielded cable or up to 1200’ (260m) using #22 AWG shielded cable.Range of Wireless TransmissionThe range of wireless transmission depends on many factors. For the best reception, position the transmitter shelter and your console/receiver as close together as possi-ble.The maximum range is up to 1,000' (300 m) in the line of sight, under optimal con-ditions. Typical range under most conditions is 200' to 400' (75 to 150 m), but this may be reduced by walls, ceilings, trees, or foliage. Radio-frequency interference (RF) can also reduce transmission distance. Cordless phones and baby monitors are common examples of devices that can cause RF interference.A metal roof or other large metal structure can interfere with the signal. Aluminum siding, a furnace with metal ducts, and your refrigerator are examples. Sometimes transmission between wireless units is obscured by something you cannot identify, or by some obstacle that you can’t work around. If necessary, consider using Wire-less Repeater #7626 or #7627 to strengthen the signal or increase the distance between the transmitter and the console/receiver. 07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 8 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
9Testing Transmission from Proposed LocationIt is very important to test reception from the proposed location before permanently mounting the Leaf/Soil Station. • Place the shelter at the intended mounting site, or have someone hold it there, so you can walk around with the console/receiver for a few minutes. Rotating the antenna so that the transmitting and receiving antennas are parallel to each other may help to improve reception. • Test wireless reception anywhere you might want to use or mount your console and receiver now or in the future. Take your time. If you aren’t picking up strong signals where you intend to place your console, move the shelter before it is mounted.• If you have irregular terrain in the area, it may interfere with the signal. For example, if the transmitter is mounted downhill from the console/receiver, the ground may block a wide angle of the transmitted signal. Mounting the Leaf/Soil StationMounting on a Vertical Surface1. With a 3/16" (5 mm) drill bit, drill two holes approximately 2" (50 mm) apart. Use a carpenter’s level to ensure the holes will be level.2. Drill two more holes 7-1/32" below the upper holes.3. Insert the 1/4" x 1-1/2" lag screws through the flat washers, and through the holes at the top and bottom of the shelter into the post. 4. Using an adjustable wrench or 7/16" wrench, tighten the lag screws.Mounting on a Pole1. While holding the shelter against the pole, place a U-bolt around the pole and through the two holes on at the top of the shelter. FlatWasherLagScrewMounting Station on a Vertical SurfaceFlatWasherLockWasherHexNutU-BoltMounting Station on a Pole07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 9 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
102. Place a flat washer, a lock washer and a hex nut on each of the bolt ends. 3. Using an adjustable wrench or 7/16" wrench, tighten the nuts.4. Place the second U-bolt around the pole and through the two holes at the bottom of the shelter. 5. Put a flat washer, a lock washer, and a hex nut on each bolt end, and tighten the hex nuts. Note: If no soil temperature probe is used, the console will use a default temperature of 75ºF (24ºC) to compensate the soil moisture sensor readings. 6. To prevent fraying or cutting of cables, secure them so they will not whip about in the wind. Secure a cable to a metal pole by wrapping elec-trical tape around them both. Make sure cables are secure by placing clips or ties approximately every 3 – 5' (1 – 1.6 m).Note: Do not use metal staples or a staple gun to secure cables. Metal staples — especially when installed with a staple gun — have a tendency to cut the cables.Rules for Using Leaf, Soil and Temperature SensorsThe following station and sensor configurations are supported by the Leaf/Soil Sta-tion:• A station configured as a LEAF station in the console will support two leaf wet-ness sensors and two leaf temperature probes.• Leaf temperature probes can be used as you wish to measure air, water, or soil temperature. Leaf temperature does not affect leaf wetness readings.• A station configured as a SOIL station in the console will support four soil mois-ture sensors and four soil temperature probes.• If you have installed any soil moisture sensors (SOIL 1, SOIL 2, SOIL 3, SOIL 4), the corresponding temperature probes (TEMP 1 for SOIL 1, etc.) will be used to provide temperature compensation for the soil moisture sensor readings. • If you want to use a temperature sensor for something besides compensation for a soil moisture sensor, then you cannot use the corresponding soil moisture sensor.Station Type in Console ConfigurationNumber of Leaf Wetness SensorsNumber of Soil Moisture SensorsNumber ofTemperature ProbesLEAF/SOIL Station 2 4 4LEAF Station 2 - 2SOIL Station - 4 4Cable Clip Cable TieSecuring Cables with Clips and Ties07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 10 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
11• To use one soil temperature sensor to provide compensation for multiple soil moisture sensors, install the temperature sensor in TEMP 1. • If the station is configured as a combined LEAF/SOIL station, the value dis-played for Leaf Temperature #1 will be same value displayed for Soil Tempera-ture #1. The same is true for Leaf and Soil Temperature #2. • If no soil temperature sensors are installed, the station will use the default tem-perature of 75ºF (24ºC) to compensate the soil moisture readings. The soil mois-ture accuracy will be off by about 1% for each 1ºF (0.5ºC) difference between the actual soil temperature and 75ºF (24ºC).Installing Leaf Wetness SensorsThe leaf wetness sensor enables the station to detect the presence of surface mois-ture on foliage and calculate the duration of wetness. When moisture is present, the sensor detects an electrical resistance change between the gold-plated elements of the grid. This is displayed by the Vantage Pro2 console as a value between 0 (dry) and 15 (wet). Using the WeatherLink® software with the Agricultural/Turf Manage-ment Module, you may select your own wetness threshold; the software will then calculate leaf-wet hours.See the next section, “Installing Soil Moisture & Temperature Sensors” on page 13 for information on installing temperature sensors.Connecting Leaf Wetness Sensors1. Run the sensor cables up through the grommets on the bottom of the station housing.2. Insert the sensor cable modular plug into the Leaf 1 or Leaf 2 modular connector.GrommetsLeaf Wetness Sensor Cables Run Through Grommets Connecting Leaf Wetness Sensors07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 11 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
12Finishing the Sensor Connections to the Station1. Secure sensor cables within the cable clamps located next to the grommets.2. Secure the cable clamps using the by screwing them to the cable clamp mounts inside the housing near the grommets. 3. To prevent fraying or cutting of cables, secure them so they will not whip about in the wind. Secure a cable to a metal pole by wrap-ping electrical tape around them both. Make sure cables are secure by placing clips or ties approxi-mately every 3 – 5' (1 – 1.6 m).Note: Do not use metal staples or a staple gun to secure cables. Metal staples — especially when installed with a staple gun — have a tendency to cut the cables.Mounting the Sensor Against a Wooden SurfaceTo mount the sensor against a wooden surface, secure the sensor to the surface using the #8 wood screws as shown below.Cable ClampMountLeaf Wetness Sensor CableRubberGrommets SENSORSENSORINTERFACEINTERFACEMODULEMODULECable ClampCable ClampScrewTemperature Moisture1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4Soil MoistureSensor CableTemperature Probe CableSecuring Sensor CablesCable Clip Cable TieSecuring Cables with Clips and TiesMounting on a Wooden Surface07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 12 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
13Mounting the Sensor on a PipeTo mount the sensor on a pipe, stake, or pole with outside diameter between 1" and 1-1/4" (25 mm and 31 mm), secure the sensor to the pipe using the 1-1/2" U-bolts, 1/4" flat washers, and 1/4" hex nuts as shown below. Use a 7/16" wrench or adjustable wrench to tighten the hex nuts.Installing Soil Moisture & Temperature SensorsThe soil acts as a reservoir to store water between irrigation or rainfall events, so that it is available to the crop or plants as needed for healthy growth. The purpose of using sensors to measure the soil water is to give you a better understanding of how fast water is being depleted in the different areas of your field or lawn, so you can better schedule your irrigations and correctly evaluate the true effectiveness of any rainfall. By monitoring the soil moisture between irrigations, you will gain a more accurate picture of this process over time, and develop an irrigation scheduling pat-tern to meet your crop’s “need” for water. This minimizes the guesswork, resulting in water savings, lower pumping costs, and the elimination of excess leaching of nitrogen due to over irrigation.While not absolutely necessary for operation, we recommend that a temperature probe be installed with each soil moisture sensor. This allows the soil moisture sen-sor’s readings to be temperature compensated for better accuracy.Note: WATERMARK Soil Moisture Sensor information based on material supplied by Irrometer Com-pany, Inc.Connecting Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors1. Run the sensor cables up through the grommets on the bottom of the station housing.2. Connect the temperature probes to the TEMP connectors.3. Connect soil moisture probes to the SOIL connectorsEach matched temperature probe and soil moisture pair must use the matching con-nectors. If a temperature probe is not used, the soil moisture reading can be off as much as 1% for every 1°F (0.5°C) difference between the actual soil temperature and the default value. If no soil temperature probe is used for a particular soil mois-ture sensor, the soil temperature #1 value is used if present. Otherwise, the console Mounting on a Pipe07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 13 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
14will use a default temperature of 75° F (24° C) to compensate the soil moisture readings. Finishing the Sensor Connections to the Station1. Secure sensor cables within the cable clamps located next to the grommets. See the above illustration. 2. Secure the cable clamps using the by screwing them to the cable clamp mounts inside the hous-ing near the grommets. 3. To prevent fraying or cutting of cables, secure them so they will not whip about in the wind. Secure a cable to a metal pole by wrapping elec-trical tape around them both. Make sure cables are secure by placing clips or ties approximately every 3 – 5' (1 – 1.6 m).Note: Do not use metal staples or a staple gun to secure cables. Metal staples — especially when installed with a staple gun — have a tendency to cut the cables.Locating SensorsBe aware of the soil variations in your field or lawn. The lighter soils dry very quickly, heavier soils more slowly. Both conditions must be considered.Furrow or Flood Irrigation• Sensors are usually placed about 2/3 of the way down the run, just ahead of the tail or backup water. This is the area where water penetration is usually the poor-est. • In tree crops, place the sensors on the drier side of the tree exposed to the most sun. In the Northern Hemisphere, this is typically the Southwest side of the tree, which is exposed to the hot afternoon sun.Running Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensor Connecting Soil Moisture and Temperature SensorsCable ClampMountLeaf Wetness Sensor CableRubberGrommets SENSORSENSORINTERFACEINTERFACEMODULEMODULECable ClampTest LEDCable ClampScrewTemperature Moisture1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4Soil MoistureSensor CableTemperature Probe CableCable Clip Cable TieSecuring Cables with Clips and Ties07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 14 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
15Sprinkler Irrigation• Sprinkler irrigation usually provides a more uniform distribution of water to the ground surface, but there can be great differences in penetration and holding capacity due to soil type variations, soil interfaces and contour. Try to place your sensors in the areas where variations occur.• In tree crops, locate sensors at the drip line. • In row crops, locate sensors right in the plant row. • Be sure that sensors are not located behind obstructions, such as tree limbs, which would interfere with water distribution to the sensor area. • With center pivots, place sensors at 3 locations down the length of the pivot, just in front of the "start" point. • Place sensors at "hot spots" or "good production" areas being sure to stay in active root zones. Drip or Micro Irrigation• Place sensors in the wetted area. With drip emitters, this is usually 12” to 18” from the emitter. • With micro-sprinklers or sprays, usually 24” to 36” from the micro-sprinkler is best. Sensor DepthsSensor depth depends on the rooting depth of your crop, and also depends on soil depth and texture. • With shallow rooted (less than 12”) vegetable crops, one depth may be adequate. • Deeper rooted row crops, small grains, vines, and trees need to be measured in at least two depths. • With deep well-drained soils, crops generally root deeper if moisture is available. • With coarse, shallow or layered soils, root systems may be limited in depth. Sensor depthdependent on:• crop rooting depth• soil texture and depthCo-locatetemperature probes and moisture sensorsSome crops needmeasurement atmore than one depthSensors must be located in the effective root system of the crop07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 15 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
16• Guidelines on proper depths for specific crops and conditions can be obtained from your local farm advisor. Irrometer also maintains an excellent resource list-ing the suggested placement for soil moisture sensors by crop at www.irrome-ter.com. Installation Procedure1. Soak the soil moisture sensors overnight in water. • Always “plant” a wet soil moisture sensor. • If time permits, wet the soil moisture sensor for 30 minutes in the morning and let dry until evening, wet for 30 minutes and let dry overnight, wet again for 30 min-utes the next morning and let dry again until evening. Soak over the next night and install wet. This will improve sensor response during the first few irrigations or waterings.2. Make sensor access holes to the depth required with a 7/8” diameter rod.• Make a hole for the soil moisture sensor and a separate adjacent hole for the tem-perature probe.• For very coarse or gravely soils, an oversize hole of 1” to 1 1/4” may be needed to prevent abrasion damage to the soil moisture sensor membrane. In this case, you will need to “grout in” the sensor with a slurry made from the sample soil to get a snug fit in the soil.3. Always install sensors in the active root system of the crop with a snug fit in the soil.Note: In gravelly soils and with deeper sensors, carefully install the sensor to prevent damaging the membrane. • Lack of a snug fit is the biggest problem in obtaining good soil moisture sensor readings. • The ideal way of making the access hole is to use a stepped installation tool. The stepped tool makes an oversize hole for the upper portion and an exact sized hole at the bottom where the sensor is located. • The illustration to the right shows the dimensions required to make a stepped installation tool.4. After installing the soil moisture sensor the hole needs to be carefully backfilled and tamped down. This prevents the creation of air pockets which could allow water to channel down to the sensor.• Fill the hole with water and push the sensor down into the hole so it bottoms out. • A length of 1/2” Class 315 PVC tubing fits snugly over the sensor collar and can be used to push the sensor. A good snug fit in the soil is important. Home-Made Stepped Sensor Installation Tool2-1/2" (64 mm)7/8" (22.5 mm)Cold rolled steel,round rod1-1/4" (32 mm)approximate diameterOverall lengthvariable07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 16 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
17• Carefully backfill the access hole with soil to eliminate any air pockets.5. You can solvent weld the 1/2” Class 315 PVC tubing to the sensor collar for easier installation and removal.• Use a PVC/ABS cement (IPS Weld-on #794 or equivalent).6. After you have installed the soil moisture sen-sors, the sensors will need one or two irrigation cycles to “break-in” and acclimate to the soil conditions and provide better accuracy. Installation Procedure for Turf/Lawns1. Cut a slight “V” shaped trench about 5” wide at the top and about 6” deep into the turf--about 6” long. 2. Lift out the turf plug piece you just cut. 3. Press the sensors into the soil at about a 45 degree angle into the side of the trench to set the sensors about 3”-5” below the soil surface. Make sure they are good and snug in the soil. 4. Set the plug removed from the trench and compact it back into place. It will repair itself in short order. 5. Run the wires to the Leaf/Soil Station and connect them as described in “Con-necting Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors” on page 13. 6. If you withhold irrigation for several days and allow the soil to dry down a bit, you should see the soil moisture readings start to creep upward. 7. Usually, you will not need to water the turf until the reading is in the 25-40 area at the recommended 3”-5” depth. Removing the Sensors1. When removing sensors prior to harvest in annual crops, it’s a good idea to do this just after the last irrigation when the soil is moist. 2. Do not pull the sensor out by the wires. You may have to dig out, at least par-tially, any sensors more than 12” deep or any sensors in dry soil. Careful removal prevents sensor and sensor membrane damage. 3. When sensors are removed for winter storage, clean the sensors, dry them, and place them in a clean, dry location.Using Soil Moisture ReadingsUse this table as a general guide to interpret soil moisture readings. Monitoring the soil moisture readings, and comparing them to your field or lawn conditions over time, will help you develop a better understanding of how to interpret your soil moisture readings.SensorWiresTape1/2" PVC PipePipe welded tosensor collar withPVC/ABS cementSoil MoistureSensorPVC Pipe Welded to Soil Moisture Sen-sor Collar07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 17 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
18Troubleshooting the SensorsIf you are having problems with your station, please check all sensor cable connec-tions. Cable connections account for a large portion of potential problems.Use these tests to verify the correct operation of your soil moisture sensor:1. With the sensor submerged in water, the station should show a reading between 0 and 5.2. Let the sensor air dry for 30 to 48 hours. Depending on ambient temperature, humidity, and air movement, the reading should be 150 or over.3. Put the sensor back in the water. The reading should run right back to 0 to 5 within 1 to 2 minutes.4. If the sensor does not pass these tests, please contact Davis Technical Support for help in resolving the problem.Extending Sensor Cable LengthBoth the soil moisture sensors and the temperature probes come with 15’ (4.6 m) direct burial cables. The leaf wetness sensor comes with a 40’ (12m) cable.• Leaf Wetness Sensor cables can be extended up to 200’ (61m) using 6-conductor 26 AWG cable.• Soil Moisture Sensor cables can be extended up to 1000’ (300m) using #18 gauge waterproof cable. UF insulation is recommended.• Temperature Sensors can be extended up to 800’ (242m) using #24 AWG shielded cable or up to 1200’ (260m) using #22 AWG shielded cable.• The additional wire must be fully waterproof. • We recommend using a 3M Scotchpak or Duraseal heat shrink splice connector when extending the sensor cables.Note: Avoid long wire runs near power cables. The transient currents can affect the small current used to read the sensors. Centibar Reading Soil Condition0-10 Saturated Soil. Occurs for a day or two after irrigation.10-20 Soil is adequately wet (except coarse sands which are dry-ing out at this range)30-60 Usual range to irrigate or water (except heavy clay soils). Irrigate at the upper end of this range in cool humid climates and with higher water-holding capacity soils.60-100 Usual range to irrigate heavy clay soils100-200 Soil is becoming dangerously dry for maximum production. Proceed with caution.07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 18 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
19Contacting Davis Technical SupportIf you have questions about your Leaf/Soil Station, or encounter problems installing or operating the station, please contact Davis Technical Support. Note: Please do not return items to the factory for repair without prior authorization.(510) 732-7814 – Monday – Friday, 7:00 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. Pacific Time. support@davisnet.com – E-mail to Technical Support.(510) 732-9229 – For callers outside the USA or Canada.(510) 670-0589 – Fax.www.davisnet.com – Copies of User Manuals are available on the “Support” page. Watch for FAQs and other updates. Subscribe to the e-newsletter.info@davisnet.com – General e-mail. SpecificationsGeneralOperating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40° to +150°F (-40° to +65°C)Non-operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -50° to +158°F (-45° to +70°C)Current Draw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 mA (average), 30 mA (peak) at 4 to 6 VDC powerBattery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CR123A 3-Volt Lithium cellBattery Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 months without sunlight - greater than 2 years depending on solar chargingSolar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 WattsHousing Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UV-resistant PVC plasticDimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.25" x 2.25" x 7.875" (158.75 mm x 57.15 mm x 200 mm)Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.08 lb. (.49 kg) (with battery, without sensors)Leaf Wetness Sensor (6420)Sensor Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical resistanceCable Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-conductor, 26 AWGConnector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modular connector (RJ-11)Maximum Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200’ (61 m) using 4-conductor 26 AWG cableWatermark Soil Moisture Sensor (6440)Sensor Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical resistanceStandard Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15’ (4.6 m) Watermark standard two-wire, stripped and tinnedMaximum Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 AWG: 1000’ (UF wire recommended)Multi-Purpose Temperature Probe (6470)Sensor Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ThermistorStandard Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15’ (4.6m) 22 AWG direct burial 07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 19 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM
Product Numbers: 6345, 6345OVDavis Instruments Part Number: 07395.267 Wireless Soil Moisture, Leaf Wetness, Temperature Station 2 Installation Manual Rev. A Manual (2/1/05)This product complies with the essential protection requirements of the EC EMC Directve 89/336. 3465 Diablo Avenue, Hayward, CA 94545-2778510-732-9229 • Fax: 510-732-9188E-mail: info@davisnet.com • www.davisnet.comcable, stripped and tinnedMaximum Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 AWG: 800’ (244 m), 22 AWG: 1200’ (365 m)Wireless CommunicationsTransmit Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US Models: 902-928 MHz FHSS, Overseas Models: 868.0 - 868.6 MHz FHSS.ID Codes Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Output Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902-928 MHz FHSS: FCC-certified low power, less than 8 mW, no license required868.0 - 868.6 MHz FHSS. CE-certified, less than 8 mW, no license requiredRangeLine of Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 1000 feet (300 m)Through Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 to 400 feet (75 to 150 m)FCC Part 15 Class B Registration WarningThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be deter-mined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Davis Instruments may void the user's authority to operate this equipment.07395.267 Manual Leaf and Soil Moisture Temp Station 2.fm Page 20 Friday, February 4, 2005 5:50 PM

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