Dell Powerconnect 2848 Users Manual User's Guide

2014-11-13

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Dell™ PowerConnect™
28xx Systems
User Guide
Notes, Notices, and Cautions
NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer.
NOTICE: A NOTICE indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem.
CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.
____________________
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
© 2012 Dell Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden.
Trademarks used in this text: Dell, Dell OpenManage, the DELL logo, Inspiron, Dell Precision, Dimension, OptiPlex, PowerConnect,
PowerApp, PowerVault, Axim, DellNet, and Latitude are trademarks of Dell Inc. Microsoft and Windows are either trademarks or registered
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products.
Dell Inc. disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own.
March 4, 2012 Rev. A04
3
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PowerConnect 2808 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PowerConnect 2816 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PowerConnect 2824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PowerConnect 2848 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Summary of PowerConnect Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
MAC Address Supported Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Layer 2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
VLAN Supported Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Spanning Tree Protocol Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Class of Service (CoS) Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Ethernet Switch Management Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2 Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Switch Port Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
PowerConnect 28xx Front and Back Panel Port Description . . . . . . . 17
Physical Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
LED Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Power LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Managed Mode LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fan LED (2824/2848 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Port LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Managed Mode Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Switch Ventilation Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Cables, Port Connections, and Pinout Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1000BASE-T Cable Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
RJ-45 Connections for 10/100/1000BASE-T Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SFP Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4
Power Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Internal Power Supply Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 Installing the PowerConnect Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Installation Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Site Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Package Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Unpacking the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Mounting the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Device Rack Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Installing on a Flat Surface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Installing on a Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Connecting the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Connecting the Device to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Connecting the Terminal to the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Connecting a Device to a Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Port Connections, Cables, and Pinout Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
RJ-45 Connections for 10/100/1000BaseT Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Port Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Auto-Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
MDI/MDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Flow Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Back Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Switching Port Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Starting and Configuring the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Management Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Transitioning Between Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Booting the Device - Managed Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Initial Configuration Through the Set-up Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5
Initial Configuration Through the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Retrieving an IP Address From a DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Startup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Software Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Erase FLASH File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Erasing the Device Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Password Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Software Download Through TFTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5 Using Dell OpenManage Switch Administrator. . . . . . . 54
Understanding the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Using the Switch Administrator Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Information Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Device Management Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Starting the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Access Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6 Configuring System Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Defining General Device Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Viewing Device Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Viewing the Versions Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Resetting the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Entering Secure Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Defining Device IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Defining IP Interface Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Running Cable Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Viewing Copper Cable Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Viewing Optical Transceiver Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Managing Device Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Defining the Local User Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Configuring RADIUS Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6
Defining SNMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Defining SNMP Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Defining Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Defining SNMP Notification Recipients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Managing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Downloading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Uploading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Restoring Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Defining DHCP Server Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Configuring DHCP Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Defining Network Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Excluding Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Manually Allocating IP Addresses (Static Hosts) . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Address Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Defining Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Configuring General Device Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7 Configuring Device Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Configuring Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Configuring Port Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Configuring Advanced Port Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Authenticating Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Configuring Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Defining Port Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Aggregating Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Configuring Green Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Enabling Storm Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Defining Port Mirroring Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Configuring Address Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Viewing Dynamic Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Defining STP Global Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Defining STP Port Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Defining STP LAG Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
7
Configuring VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Defining VLAN Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
VLAN Port Membership Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Defining VLAN Ports Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Defining VLAN LAG Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Aggregating Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Defining LAG Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Multicast Forwarding Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Defining Multicast Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Adding Bridge Multicast Address Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Assigning Multicast Forward All Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
IGMP Snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
8 Viewing Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Viewing RMON Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Viewing RMON Statistics Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Viewing Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Viewing the CPU Utilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9 Configuring Quality of Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Defining CoS Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Defining CoS Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Defining QoS Interface Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Defining Queue Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Mapping CoS Values to Queues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Mapping DSCP Values to Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
A Managing the Device Using the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Accessing the Device Through the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Console Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Telnet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
8
Using the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Command Mode Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
User EXEC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Privileged EXEC Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Global Configuration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Interface Configuration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
CLI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Command: copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Command: debug-mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Command: do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Command: end. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Command: exit (configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Command: exit (EXEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Command: help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Command: interface ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Command: interface port-channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Command: interface vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Command: ip address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Command: ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Command: show tech-support command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Command: snmp-server community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Command: username. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 9
1
Introduction
This User’s Guide contains the information needed for installing, configuring and maintaining the
PowerConnect 2808, PowerConnect 2816, PowerConnect 2824, and PowerConnect 2848 Web-
managed Gigabit Ethernet switches.
The PowerConnect 28xx switches can be used to connect workstations and other network devices,
such as:
•Servers
•Hubs
•Routers
The PowerConnect devices are primarily designated for the Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) that
require high performance edge connectivity. These PowerConnect devices are ideal for the small to
medium business that requires high performance network connectivity along with advanced web
management features. The PowerConnect management features are designed to minimize
administrative management effort, while enhancing and improving network traffic control.
System Description
This section describes the hardware configurations of the PowerConnect 28xx. The switches are
managed by Dell’s OpenManage Switch Administrator.
PowerConnect 2808
The following figure illustrates the PowerConnect 2808 front panel.
Figure 1-1. PowerConnect 2808 Front Panel
The PowerConnect 2808 supports the following ports:
• 8 Gigabit Ethernet copper ports
PowerConnect 2816
The following figure illustrates the PowerConnect 2816 front panel.
1
10 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 1-2. PowerConnect 2816 Front Panel
The PowerConnect 2816 supports the following ports:
• 16 Gigabit Ethernet copper ports
PowerConnect 2824
The following figure illustrates the PowerConnect 2824 front panel.
Figure 1-3. PowerConnect 2824 Front Panel
The PowerConnect 2824 supports the following ports:
• 24 Gigabit Ethernet copper ports
• 2 SFP combo ports (1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX)
PowerConnect 2848
The following figure illustrates the PowerConnect 2848 front panel.
Figure 1-4. PowerConnect 2848 Front Panel
The PowerConnect 2848 supports the following ports:
• 48 Gigabit Ethernet copper ports
• 4 SFP combo ports (1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX)
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 11
Summary of PowerConnect Models
The following table summarizes the PowerConnect models.
Features
General Features
Management Modes
The device supports the following modes:
•
Managed Mode
— Provides switch management through the web interface.
•
Unmanaged Mode
— In this mode, the device operates as a hub with default configuration, and
configuration cannot be changed.
•
Secure Mode
— This mode keeps the existing configuration active, but it prevents users from making
configuration changes by removing the IP address of the device so that it becomes inaccessible for
configuration.
For more information about the management modes, see "Management Modes" on page 49.
Head of Line Blocking Prevention
Head of Line (HOL) blocking results in traffic delays and frame loss caused by traffic competing for the
same egress port resources. HOL blocking queues packets, and the packets at the head of the queue are
forwarded before packets at the end of the queue. By default, the device is configured so that the HOL
blocking prevention mechanism is active at all times, except when QoS (Quality of Service), Flow
Control or Back Pressure is active on a port where the HOL blocking prevention mechanism is disabled
on the whole system.
Back Pressure Support
On half-duplex links, the receiving port prevents buffer overflows by occupying the link so that it is
unavailable for additional incoming traffic. The user may enable or disable this feature on a
per-port basis. The default status on all ports is set to OFF.
Table 1-1. PowerConnect Models
Model Copper Ports/
RJ-45 Connectors
Optical Ports/
GbE
RS232 serial port -
baud rate is 9600 bps
Fans
PowerConnect 2808 8 built-in 10/100/1000 Base-T ports none Internal console port none
PowerConnect 2816 16 built-in 10/100/1000 Base-T ports none External console port none
PowerConnect 2824 24 built-in 10/100/1000 Base-T ports 2 SFP (combo) External console port 1
PowerConnect 2848 48 built-in 10/100/1000 Base-T ports 4 SFP (combo) External console port 32
12 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Auto Negotiation
Auto negotiation allows an Ethernet switch to advertise modes of operation. The auto negotiation
function provides the means to exchange information between two Ethernet switches that share a point-
to-point link segment, and to automatically configure both Ethernet switches to take maximum
advantage of their transmission capabilities. Port advertisement allows the system administrator to
configure the port speeds advertised.
Jumbo Frames Support
Jumbo frames are frames with an MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) size of up to 10K bytes. The
Jumbo Frames Support feature, utilizes the network optimally by transporting the same data using less
frames.
The main benefits of this facility are reduced transmission overhead and reduced host processing
overhead. Jumbo frames are used for server-to-server transfers.
AutoMDI/MDIX Support
The switch automatically detects whether the cable connected to an RJ-45 port is crossed or straight
through.
Standard wiring for end stations is Media-Dependent Interface (MDI) and the
s
tandard wiring for hubs
and switches is known as Media-Dependent Interface with Crossover (MDIX).
Auto MDI/MDIX works on 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet ports. This feature is automatically enabled for
the entire system and cannot be turned off by the user.
Flow Control Support (IEEE802.3X)
On Full Duplex links (FDX), the flow control mechanism allows the receiving side to signal to the
sending side that transmission must be halted temporarily, in order to prevent buffer overflows. Flow
control is enabled by default.
Virtual Cable Testing (VCT)
VCT technology provides the mechanism to detect and report potential cabling issues, such as cable
opens and cable shorts on copper links.
Cable analysis is available on Copper Cables (10BASE-T/100BASE-T/1000BASE-T), and is only done
when the link is down. When the system initiates a cable-testing operation, upon explicit user action, the
following parameters are detected:
• Cable Type and Status
•Cable Length
• Fault-Distance
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 13
MAC Address Supported Features
MAC Address Capacity Support
The PowerConnect 2808, 2816, 2824 switches support a total of 8K MAC addresses, and the
PowerConnect 2848 supports a total of 16K MAC addresses.
Auto-Learning MAC Addresses
The switch enables MAC address auto-learning from incoming packets. The MAC addresses are stored in
the Bridging Table.
Automatic Aging for MAC Addresses
MAC addresses from which no traffic is received for a given period of time are aged out. This prevents
the Bridging Table from overflowing.
VLAN-aware MAC-based Switching in Managed and Secure Modes
In Managed or Secure mode, the switch system always performs VLAN-aware bridging. Classic bridging
(IEEE802.1D) is not performed (where frames are forwarded based only on their destination MAC
address). However, a similar functionality may be configured for untagged frames. Addresses are
associated with ports by learning them from the incoming frames source address.
802.1D Bridging in Unmanaged Mode
In Unmanaged Mode, the switch performs classic bridging. Frames are forwarded based on their
destination MAC address only, regardless of the VLAN tag.
MAC Multicast Support
Multicast service is a limited broadcast service, which allows one-to-many and many-to-many
connections for information distribution. Layer 2 Multicast service is where a single frame is addressed to
a specific Multicast address, from where copies of the frame are transmitted to the relevant ports. IGMP
Snooping is supported, including IGMP Querier which simulates the behavior of a multicast router,
allowing snooping of the layer 2 multicast domain even though there is no multicast router. When
Multicast groups are statically enabled, you can set the destination port of registered groups, as well as
define the behavior of unregistered multicast frames.
Layer 2 Features
Green Ethernet
Green Ethernet, also known as Energy Efficient Ethernet, is an effort to make networking equipment
environmentally friendly, specifically by reducing power usage of Ethernet connections. The following
methods are supported by the device:
•
Energy-Detect
— Auto-detection of inactivity on a port, and subsequent reducing of transmit power.
14 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
•
Short-Reach
— Reduction of power over Ethernet cables shorter than 40m.
IGMP Snooping
Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP) Snooping examines IGMP frame contents, when they are
forwarded by the device from work stations to an upstream Multicast router. From the frame, the device
identifies work stations configured for Multicast sessions, and which Multicast routers are sending
Multicast frames.
Port Mirroring
The port mirroring mechanism monitors and mirrors network traffic by forwarding copies of incoming
and outgoing packets from a monitored port to a monitoring port. Users can specify which target port
receives copies of all traffic passing through one or more source ports.
Storm Control
Storm Control enables limiting the amount of Multicast, Broadcast and Unknown Unicast frames
accepted and forwarded by the switch. When Layer 2 frames are forwarded, Broadcast and Multicast
frames are flooded to all ports on the relevant VLAN. All nodes connected to these ports accept and
attempt to process these frames, thus placing load on both the network links and the host operating
system.
Dynamic VLAN Assignment (DVA)
Dynamic VLAN Assignment allows automatic assignment of users to VLANs during the RADIUS server
authentication. When a user is authenticated by the RADIUS server, the user is automatically joined to
the VLAN configured on the RADIUS server.
VLAN Supported Features
VLAN Support
VLANs are collections of switching ports that comprise a single broadcast domain. Packets are classified
as belonging to a VLAN based on either the VLAN tag or based on a combination of the ingress port and
package contents. Packets sharing common attributes can be grouped in the same VLAN.
Port Based Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Port-based VLANs classify incoming packets to VLANs based on their ingress port.
Link Aggregation
The PowerConnect 28xx switches support up to eight aggregated links. Each of the eight aggregated
links may be defined with up to eight member ports to form a single Link Aggregated Group (LAG).
The benefits of this facility are:
• Fault tolerance protection from physical link disruption
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 15
• Higher bandwidth connections
• Improved bandwidth granularity
• High bandwidth server connectivity
A LAG is composed of ports with the same speed set to full-duplex operation.
DHCP Server
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a method of managing network parameter assignment from a
single DHCP server. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automates the assignment of
IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateway, and other IP parameters.
BootP and DHCP Clients
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) enables additional setup parameters to be received from
a network server upon system startup. DHCP service is an on-going process. DHCP is an extension to
BootP.
The BootP client is operational if there is a corrupted or invalid software image. The BootP client then
continuously attempts to find a BootP server, by sending BootP requests to all ports on the default
VLAN, until a BootP server replies. The information replied is then used to provide the switch system
with a TFTP server IP address and a download file name. The switch can then configure these values to
the TFTP client and try to download a valid runtime image.
Spanning Tree Protocol Features
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
802.1d Spanning tree is a standard Layer 2 switch requirement that allows bridges to automatically
prevent and resolve L2 forwarding loops. Switches exchange configuration messages using specifically
formatted frames and selectively enable and disable forwarding on ports.
Fast Link
STP can take up to 30-60 seconds to converge. During this time, STP detects possible loops, allowing
time for status changes to propagate and for relevant devices to respond. 30-60 seconds is considered too
long of a response time for many applications. The Fast Link option bypasses this delay, and can be used
in network topologies where forwarding loops do not occur.
IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree can take 30-60 seconds for each host to decide whether its ports are actively forwarding
traffic. Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP) detects uses of network topologies to enable faster convergence,
without creating forwarding loops.
STP Root Guard
Root guard restricts the interface from functioning as the root port for the switch
16 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Class of Service (CoS) Features
The PowerConnect 28xx system enables users to define various services for traffic classes of service. The
underlying mechanism for supporting bandwidth management and control is based on the use of
multiple priority queues for classifying traffic. The switches support four queues per port.
A CoS is defined by the user, whereby packets are related to the same Class of Service. After a packet has
been classified, it is assigned to one of the queues. The PowerConnect 28xx system can classify according
to IPv4 information (DSCP).
Class of Service 802.1p Support
The IEEE 802.1p signaling technique is an OSI Layer 2 standard for marking and prioritizing network
traffic at the data link/MAC sub-layer. 802.1p traffic is classified and sent to the destination. No
bandwidth reservations or limits are established or enforced. 802.1p is a spin-off of the 802.1Q (VLANs)
standard.
Ethernet Switch Management Features
Web-Based Management
With a Web-based management interface, the Ethernet Switches’ system can be managed from any
Web browser. The system contains an Embedded Web Server (EWS), which serves HTML pages,
through which the system can be monitored and configured.
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
The PowerConnect 28xx switches support software boot image and software download through TFTP.
Remote Monitoring
Remote Monitoring
(RMON) is an extension to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),
which provides network traffic statistics. RMON defines current and historical MAC-layer statistics and
control objects, allowing real-time information to be captured across the entire network. The switches
support one RMON group for Ethernet statistics. The system provides a means to collect the statistics
defined in RMON and to view the results, using the Web management interface in the system.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 17
2
Hardware Description
Switch Port Configurations
PowerConnect 28xx Front and Back Panel Port Description
The Dell™ PowerConnect™ 28xx switches use 10/100/1000BASE-T ports on the front panel for
connecting to a network.
The Gigabit Ethernet ports can operate at 10, 100 or 1000 Mbps. These ports support auto-
negotiation, duplex mode (Half or Full duplex), and flow control. The combo 1000 Mbps optical
ports can only operate at 1000 Mbps, full-duplex mode.
The following figures illustrate the front panels and back panels of the PowerConnect 28xx switches.
Figure 2-1. PowerConnect 2808 Front Panel
On the front panel there are eight ports which are numbered 1 to 8, top down and left to right. On
each port there are LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) to indicate the port status.
On the left side of the front panel is the Managed Mode LED which indicates the Ethernet switch
operational status and the management mode. The Power LED on the front panel indicates whether
the device is powered on or not. A Mode push-button, located on the right side on the front panel is
used to transition between management modes and to reset the device. For more information about
management modes and transitioning between them, see "Management Modes" on page 49.
18 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 2-2. PowerConnect 2808 Back Panel
Figure 2-3. PowerConnect 2816 Front Panel
On the front panel there are 16 ports which are numbered 1 to 16, top down and left to right. On each
port there are LEDs to indicate the port status.
On the left side of the front panel is the Managed Mode LED which indicates the Ethernet switch
operational status and the management mode. The Power LED on the front panel indicates whether the
device is powered on or not. A Mode push-button, located on the right side on the front panel, is used to
transition between management modes and to reset the device. For more information about
management modes and transitioning between them, see "Management Modes" on page 49.
Figure 2-4. PowerConnect 2816 Back Panel
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 19
Figure 2-5. PowerConnect 2824 Front Panel
On the front panel there are 24 ports which are numbered 1 to 24, top down and left to right. On each
port there are LEDs to indicate the port status. There are two SFP (Small Form-Factor Plugable) ports,
designated as ports 23 and 24, for fiber connection. The two combo ports are logical ports with two
physical connections:
• An RJ-45 connection for Twisted Pair (TP) copper cabling
• An SFP port for swappable optical transceiver, which offers high-speed 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-
LX connection.
NOTE: Only one of the two physical connections of a combo port can be used at any one time. Port features and
port controls are determined by the physical connection used. The system automatically detects the media used on
a combo port, and utilizes the information in all the control interfaces.
NOTE: The system can switch from the RJ-45 to the SFP (or vice versa) without resetting the device. If both RJ-45
and SFP ports are present, the SFP port will be the active port, whereas the RJ-45 port will be disabled.
On the front panel is the Managed Mode LED which indicates the Ethernet switch operational status
and the management mode. The Fan LED indicates the device fan operations status, and the Power
LED on the front panel indicates whether the device is powered on or not. A Mode push-button, located
on the right side on the front panel is used to transition between management modes and to reset the
device. For more information about management modes and transitioning between them, see
"Management Modes" on page 49.
20 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 2-6. PowerConnect 2824 Back Panel
Figure 2-7. PowerConnect 2848 Front Panel
On the front panel there are 48 ports, which are numbered 1 to 48, top down and left to right. On each
port, there are LEDs to indicate the port status. There are four SFP (Small Form-Factor Plugable) ports,
designated as ports 45, 46, 47 and 48, for fiber connection. The four combo ports are logical ports with
two physical connections:
• An RJ-45 connection for Twisted Pair (TP) copper cabling.
• An SFP port for swappable optical transceiver, which offers high-speed 1000BASE-SX or
1000BASE-LX connection.
NOTE: Only one of the two physical connections of a combo port can be used at any one time. Port features and
port controls are determined by the physical connection used. The system automatically detects the media used on
a combo port, and utilizes the information in all the control interfaces.
NOTE: The system can switch from the RJ-45 to the SFP (or vice versa) without resetting the device. If both RJ-45
and SFP ports are present, the SFP port will be the active port, whereas the RJ-45 port will be disabled.
On the top right side of the front panel is the Managed Mode LED which indicates the Ethernet switch
operational status and the management mode. The Fan LED indicates the device fan operations status,
and the Power LED on the front panel indicates whether the device is powered on or not. A Mode push-
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 21
button, located on the right side on the front panel is used to transition between management modes
and to reset the device. For more information about management modes and transitioning between
them, see "Management Modes" on page 49.
Fans are provided on the side panel. The back panel contains an AC Power Supply Interface.
The following figure illustrates the back panel of the PowerConnect 2848 device.
Figure 2-8. PowerConnect 2848 Back Panel
Physical Dimensions
The PowerConnect 2808 switch has the following physical dimensions:
• Height — 43.2 mm (1.7008 in.)
• Width — 256 mm (10.079 in.)
• Depth — 161.7 mm (6.366 in.)
The PowerConnect 2816 and PowerConnect 2824 switches have the following physical dimensions:
• Height — 43.2 mm (1.7008 in.)
• Width — 330 mm (12.992 in.)
• Depth — 230.50 mm (9.075 in.)
The PowerConnect 2848 switch has the following physical dimensions:
• Height — 43.2 mm (1.70 in.)
• Width — 440 mm (17.32 in)
• Depth — 255 mm (10.04 in.)
LED Definitions
The front panel contains LEDs that indicate the status of links, power supply, fan status, and Managed
Mode status.
22 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Power LED
On the PowerConnect 28xx front panel there is a Power LED. The following table describes the Power
Supply status LED indications.
Managed Mode LED
On the PowerConnect 28xx front panel there is a Managed Mode LED monitoring the switch node as
well as indicating diagnostic test results. The following table describes the Managed Mode LED
indications. For more information about management modes and transitioning between them, see
"Management Modes" on page 49.
Fan LED (2824/2848 only)
On the PowerConnect 2824 and PowerConnect 2848 front panel there is a fan LED. The following table
describes the fan status LED indications.
Port LEDs
10/100/1000BASE-T Port LEDs
Each 10/100/1000BASE-T port has two LEDs. Speed/Link/Activity is indicated on the left LED and the
duplex mode is indicated on the right LED.
The following figure illustrates the RJ-45 10/100/1000BASE-T LEDs.
Table 2-1. Power LED Indications
LED Color Description
Green Solid The switch is turned on.
Off The switch is not turned on.
Table 2-2. Managed Mode LED Indications
LED Color Description
Green Flashing Indicates diagnostics in progress, firmware loading, or Management Mode transition.
Green Solid Indicates the switch is in Managed Mode.
Amber Solid Diagnostics has failed.
Amber Flashing No valid image.
Off Indicates Unmanaged mode or Secure mode.
Table 2-3. Fan LED Indications
LED Color Description
Green Solid All fans are operating correctly.
Red Solid One or more fans have failed.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 23
Figure 2-9. RJ-45 Copper-based 10/100/1000BASE-T LEDs
The RJ-45 LED indications are described in the following table:
SFP Port LED
The following table describes the SFP LED indications.
Managed Mode Button
The PowerConnect 28xx has a Mode push button on the front panel. The Mode button is for changing
between Managed Mode and Unmanaged (or Secure) Mode and for resetting the device. To transition
between modes, press the button normally. To reset the device, press and hold the button for at least 7
seconds. For more information about management modes and transitioning between them, see
"Management Modes" on page 49.
Switch Ventilation Fan
The PowerConnect 2848 switch has three fans and the PowerConnect 2824 switch has one fan for system
ventilation. The PowerConnect 2808 and PowerConnect 2816 devices have no internal fans.
Table 2-4. RJ-45 Copper based 10/100/ 1000BASE-T LED Indications
LED Color Description
Left LED Green Solid The port is linked at 1000 Mbps.
Green Flashing The port is transmitting or receiving data at 1000 Mbps.
Amber Solid The port is linked at either 10 or 100 Mbps.
Amber Flashing The port is transmitting or receiving data at 10 or 100 Mbps.
Off No link is established.
Right LED Green Solid The port is currently transmitting in Full Duplex mode.
Off The port is operating in Half Duplex mode.
Table 2-5. SFP LED Indications
LED Color Description
Green Solid Link is established.
Green Flashing Activity is occurring.
Off No link is established.
24 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Cables, Port Connections, and Pinout Information
This section explains the switch physical interfaces, and provides information about cables and port
connections. Copper cable diagnostics are supported. High-speed workstations, hubs, routers, or other
switches are connected through standard RJ-45 connectors to the switch physical interface ports, located
on the front panel. For each device, the supported mode is set to Half Duplex, Full Duplex, and Auto.
1000BASE-T Cable Requirements
All Category 5 UTP cables that are used for 100BASE-TX connections also operate with 1000BASE-T,
provided if all four wire pairs are connected. However, it is recommended that enhanced Category 5
(Category 5e)cable is used for all critical connections or any new cable installations. The Category 5e
specification includes test parameters that are only recommendations for Category 5, and comply with
the IEEE 802.3ab standards.
RJ-45 Connections for 10/100/1000BASE-T Ports
The 10/100/1000BASE-T ports are copper Twisted-Pair ports.
The following figure illustrates the RJ-45 pin connector pin numbers.
Figure 2-10. RJ-45 Pin Numbers
The RJ-45 pin number allocation for the 10/100/1000BASE-T ports is listed in the following table.
Table 2-6. Port Default Settings
Connector Port/Interface Cable
RJ-45 10/100/1000BASE-T Port Cat.5
Table 2-7. RJ-45 Pin Number Allocation for 10/100/ 1000BASE-T Ethernet Port
Pin No Function
1 TxRx 1+
2 TxRx 1-
3 TxRx 2+
4 TxRx 2-
5 TxRx 3+
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 25
SFP Ports
The PowerConnect 2824 switch supports two SFP transceivers combo ports, and the PowerConnect 2848
switch supports four SFP transceivers combo ports for various fiber-based modules (1000BASE-SX or
1000BASE-LX). Only one of the two physical connections of a combo port can be used at any time. The
system can switch from the RJ-45 to the SFP (or vice versa) without a system reset. The system
automatically detects the media used on a combo port, and utilizes this information in the control
interfaces.
PowerConnect 2824 switch supports SFP diagnostics. The optical transceiver provides access to a set of
parameters that can be monitored and displayed to the system administrator.
NOTE: If both RJ-45 and SFP ports are present, the SFP port will be the active port, whereas the RJ-45 port will be
disabled and ignored.
The pin number allocation for the SFP ports is listed in the following table.
6 TxRx 3-
7 TxRx 4+
8 TxRx 4-
Table 2-8. SFP Pin Connections
Pin No Use
1 Transmitter ground (common with receiver ground)
2 Transmitter fault
3 Transmitter disable; laser output disabled on high or open.
4 Module definition 2; data line for serial ID.
5 Module definition 1; clock line for serial ID.
6 Module definition 0; grounded within the module.
7 Rate select; no connection required.
8 Loss of signal indication; logic 0 indicates normal operation.
9 Receiver ground (common with transmitter ground)
10 Receiver ground (common with transmitter ground)
11 Receiver ground (common with transmitter ground)
12 Receiver inverted data out; AC coupled.
13 Receiver non-inverted data out; AC coupled.
14 Receiver ground (common with transmitter ground)
Table 2-7. RJ-45 Pin Number Allocation for 10/100/ 1000BASE-T Ethernet Port
Pin No Function
26 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Power Connectors
The PowerConnect 28xx is powered by using the AC internal power supply.
Internal Power Supply Connector
The PowerConnect 28xx supports a single internal power supply to provide power for switching
operations. The internal power supply supports input voltages between 100 and 240 VAC. The AC power
connector is located on the back panel of the switch.
15 Receiver power supply
16 Transmitter power supply
17 Transmitter ground (common with receiver ground)
18 Transmitter non-inverted data in
19 Transmitter inverted data in
20 Transmitter ground (common with receiver ground)
Table 2-8. SFP Pin Connections
Pin No Use
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 27
3
Installing the PowerConnect Device
This section contains information about device unpacking, location, installation, and cable
connections.
Installation Precautions
CAUTION Before performing any of the following procedures, read and follow the safety instructions located
in the
System Information Guide
included in the Dell Documentation.
CAUTION Observe the following points before performing the procedures in this section:
• Ensure that the rack or cabinet housing the device is adequately secured to prevent it from
becoming unstable and/or falling over.
• Ensure that the power source circuits are properly grounded.
• Observe and follow the service markings. Do not service any device except as explained in the
system documentation. Opening or removing covers marked with a triangular symbol with a
lighting bolt may cause electrical shock. These components are to be serviced by trained service
technicians only.
• Ensure that the power cable, extension cable, and/or plug is not damaged.
• Ensure that the device is not exposed to water.
• Ensure that the device is not exposed to radiators and/or heat sources.
• Ensure that the cooling vents are not blocked.
• Do not push foreign objects into the device, as it may cause a fire or electric shock.
• Use the device only with approved equipment.
• Allow the device to cool before removing covers or touching internal equipment.
• Ensure that the device does not overload the power circuits, wiring, and over-current protection.
To determine the possibility of overloading the supply circuits, add together the ampere ratings of
all switches installed on the same circuit as the device. Compare this total with the rating limit for
the circuit.
• Do not install the device in an environment where the operating ambient temperature might
exceed 45ºC (113ºF).
• Ensure that the airflow around the front, sides, and back of the device is not restricted.
28 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Site Requirements
The PowerConnect 28xx can be mounted in a standard equipment rack, placed on a tabletop, or
mounted on the wall.
Before installing the device, verify that the site selected for the device meets the following site
requirements:
•
Power
— The device is installed within 1.5 m (5 feet) of a grounded, easily accessible outlet 220/110
VAC, 50/60 Hz. If the device has two power supplies, the site should have two power outlets with
different power feeders.
•
General
— Ensure that the power supply is correctly installed.
•
Clearance
— There is adequate frontal clearance for operator access. Allow clearance for cabling,
power connections, and ventilation.
•
Cabling
— Cabling is routed to avoid sources of electrical noise such as radio transmitters, broadcast
amplifiers, power lines, and fluorescent lighting fixtures.
•
Ambient Requirements
— The ambient device operating temperature range is 0 to 45 °C (32 to
113 °F) at a relative humidity of up to 95%, non-condensing. Verify that water or moisture cannot enter
the device case.
Unpacking
Package Contents
While unpacking the device, ensure that the following items are included:
•The device
• AC power cable
• Self-adhesive rubber pads (for on-shelf installation)
• Rack-mount kit for installation
• Documentation CD
• Product Information Guide
Unpacking the Device
To unpack the PowerConnect device:
NOTE: Before unpacking the device, inspect the packaging and report any evidence of damage.
1
Place the box on a clean flat surface.
2
Open the box or remove the box top.
3
Carefully remove the device from the package and place it on a secure, stable and clean surface.
4
Remove all packing material.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 29
5
Inspect the product for damage. Report any damage immediately.
Mounting the Device
Overview
There are three device mounting options:
• Installing in a Rack
• Installing on a Flat Surface
• Installing on a Wall
Device Rack Installation
CAUTION Read the safety information in the Product Information Guide as well as the safety information for other
devices that connect to or support the switch.
CAUTION Disconnect all cables from the device before mounting the device in a rack or cabinet.
CAUTION When mounting multiple devices into a rack, mount the devices from the bottom up.
Install the device in a rack as follows:
1
Place the supplied rack-mounting bracket on one side of the device ensuring the mounting holes on
the device line up to the mounting holes on the rack mounting bracket. The following figure illustrates
where to mount the brackets.
30 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 3-1. Bracket Installation for Rack Mounting
2
Insert the supplied screws into the rack mounting holes and tighten with a screwdriver.
3
Repeat the process for the rack-mounting bracket on the other side of the device.
4
Insert the device into the rack, ensuring the rack-mounting holes on the device line up to the
mounting hole on the rack.
5
Secure the device to the rack with the rack screws (not provided). Fasten the lower pair of screws before
the upper pair of screws. Ensure that the ventilation holes are not obstructed.
Installing on a Flat Surface
The device must be installed on a flat surface if it is not installed on a rack. The surface must be able to
support the weight of the device and the device cables.
1
Attach the self-adhesive rubber pads (provided with the device) on each marked location on the
bottom of the chassis.
2
Set the device on a flat surface, while leaving 2 inches (5.08 cm) on each side and 5 inches (12.7 cm) at
the back.
3
Ensure that the device has proper ventilation.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 31
Installing on a Wall
To mount the device on a wall:
1
Ensure that the mounting location meets the following requirements:
• The surface of the wall must be capable of supporting the device.
• Allow at least 2 inches (5.1 cm) space on the sides for proper ventilation and 5 inches (12.7 cm) at
the back for power cable clearance.
• The location must not be exposed to direct sunlight.
• The location must be at least 2 feet (61 cm) away from any heating vents, and no area-heating
vent should point towards the device.
• The location must be ventilated to prevent heat buildup.
• Do not locate the device near any data or electrical cabling.
• The power cable must be able to reach an outlet.
2
Place the supplied wall-mounting bracket on one side of the device, ensuring that the mounting holes
on the device line up to the mounting holes on the rack-mounting bracket. The following figure
illustrates where to mount the brackets.
Figure 3-2. Bracket Installation for Wall Mounting
3
Insert the supplied screws into the rack-mounting holes and tighten with a screwdriver.
4
Repeat the process for the wall-mounting bracket on the other side of the device.
5
Place the device on the wall in the location where the device is being installed.
32 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
6
On the wall mark the locations where the screws to hold the device must be prepared.
7
On the marked locations, drill the holes and place all plugs (not provided) in the holes.
8
Secure the device to the wall with screws (not provided). Ensure that the ventilation holes are not
obstructed.
Figure 3-3. Mounting Device on a Wall
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 33
Connecting the Device
To configure the device, the device must be connected to a terminal.
Connecting the Device to the Network
To connect to an uplink port, use Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cables with RJ-45
connectors at both ends. The RJ-45 ports on the Ethernet device support automatic Media-Dependent
Interface/Media-Dependent Interface with internal crossover wiring (MDI/MDIX) operation under
Auto-Negotiation mode. Standard straight-through twisted-pair cables can be used to connect to any
other Ethernet network (systems, servers, switches or routers) that supports auto-negotiation.
NOTE: Do not plug a phone jack connector into an RJ-45 port. This will damage the Ethernet device. Use only
twisted-pair cables with RJ-45 connectors that conform to FCC standards.
NOTE: If auto negotiation is turned off on the ports, a straight through cable must be used.
To connect the device to the network:
1
Attach one end of a Twisted-Pair cable to the device’s RJ-45 connector and the other end to a switch or
server.
2
Make sure each twisted pair cable does not exceed 328 feet (100 meters) in length.
As each connection is made, the link LED corresponding to each port on the device is illuminated (green
or amber) indicating that the connection is valid.
Connecting the Terminal to the Device
The device provides an external console port in models 28016/24/48. The console port enables a
connection to a terminal desktop system running terminal emulation software for monitoring and
configuring the device.
The Console port connector is a male DB-9 connector, implemented as a data terminal equipment
(DTE) connector.
To use the Console port, the following is required:
• VT100 compatible terminal or a desktop or portable system with a serial port and running VT100
terminal emulation software.
• An RS-232 crossover cable with a female DB-9 connector for the Console port and the appropriate
connector for the terminal.
To connect a terminal to the device Console port, perform the following:
1
Connect the supplied RS-232 crossover cable to the terminal running VT100 terminal emulation
software.
2
Ensure that the terminal emulation software is set as follows:
a
Select the appropriate serial port (serial port 1 or serial port 2) to connect to the console.
34 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
b
Set the data rate to 9600 baud.
c
Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.
d
Set flow control to none.
e
Under Properties, select VT100 for Emulation mode.
f
Select Terminal keys for Function, Arrow, and Ctrl keys. Ensure that the setting is for Terminal
keys (not Windows keys).
NOTE: When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Vista, ensure that
you have the latest service packs installed. With Windows 2000 Service Pack 2, the arrow keys function properly in
HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. Go to
www.microsoft.com
for information on Windows 2000, Windows XP, and
Windows Vista service packs.
3
Connect the female connector of the RS-232 crossover cable directly to the device Console port on the
device, and tighten the captive retaining screws. The Console port is located on the back panel.
Connecting to Console Port
Connecting a Device to a Power Supply
1
Connect the supplied standard AC power cable to the AC connector on the back panel.
2
Do not connect the power cable to a grounded AC outlet at this time. Connect the device to a power
source in the steps detailed in Starting and Configuring the Device.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 35
Figure 3-4. Connecting to Power Supply
3
After connecting the device to a power source, confirm that the device is connected and operating
correctly by examining the LEDs on the front panel.
Port Connections, Cables, and Pinout Information
This section explains the device’s physical interfaces, and provides information about port connections.
Connector types, ports and cables are summarized in Ports, Connectors, and Cables. Copper Cable and
Optical Transceiver Diagnostics are supported.
RJ-45 Connections for 10/100/1000BaseT Ports
The 10/100/1000BaseT ports are copper twisted-pair ports.
To establish a link for the twisted-pair ports, Tx pair on one cable end must be connected to the Rx pair
on the other cable end, and vice versa. If the cabling is done such that Tx on one end is wired to Tx on
the other end, and Rx is wired to Rx, a link is not established.
When selecting cables to connect the device ports to their networking peers, straight through cables must
be used to connect the device to a station, and crossover cables must be used to connect one transmission
device (switch or hub) to another. Both the straight through and crossover cables are category 5.
After a port is connected, its LINK indication LED is lit.
36 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Table 3-1. Ports, Connectors and Cables
The RJ-45pin number allocation for the 10/100/1000BaseT ports is listed in the table following.
Table 3-2. RJ-45 Pin Number Allocation for 10/100/1000BaseT Ethernet Port
Connector Port/Interface Cable
RJ-45 10/100/1000BaseT Port Cat.5
Pin No Function
1TxRx 1+
2TxRx 1-
3TxRx 2+
4TxRx 2-
5TxRx 3+
6TxRx 3-
7TxRx 4+
8TxRx 4-
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 37
Port Default Settings
The general information for configuring the device ports includes the short description of the auto-
negotiation mechanism and the default settings for switching ports.
Auto-Negotiation
Auto-negotiation enables automatic detection of speed, duplex mode and flow control on switching
10/100/1000BaseT ports. Auto-negotiation is enabled per port by default.
Auto-negotiation is a mechanism established between two link partners to enable a port to advertise its
transmission rate, duplex mode and flow control (the flow control by default is enabled) abilities to its
partner. The ports then both operate at the highest common denominator between them.
If connecting a NIC that does not support auto-negotiation or is not set to auto-negotiation, both the
device switching port and the NIC must be manually set to the same speed and duplex mode.
If the station on the other side of the link attempts to auto-negotiate with a device 10/100/1000BaseT
port that is configured to full duplex, the auto-negotiation results in the station attempting to operate in
half duplex.
MDI/MDIX
The device supports auto-detection of straight through and crossed cables on all switching
10/100/1000BaseT ports. The feature is part of the Auto-negotiation and is enabled when Auto-negotiation
is enabled.
When the MDI/MDIX (Media Dependent Interface with Crossover) is enabled, the automatic
correction of errors in cable selection is possible, making the distinction between a straight through cable
and a crossover cable irrelevant. (The standard wiring for end stations is known as MDI (Media
Dependent Interface), and the standard wiring for hubs and switches is known as MDIX.)
Flow Control
The device supports 802.3x Flow Control for ports configured with the Full Duplex mode. By default,
this feature is enabled. It can be enabled per port. The flow control mechanism allows the receiving side
to signal to the transmitting side that transmission must temporarily be halted to prevent buffer
overflow.
Back Pressure
The device supports back pressure for ports configured to half duplex mode. By default, this feature is
disabled. It can be enabled per port. The back pressure mechanism prevents the transmitting side from
transmitting additional traffic temporarily. The receiving side may occupy a link so it becomes
unavailable for additional traffic.
38 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Switching Port Default Settings
The following table gives the port default settings.
Table 3-3. Port Default Settings
Function Default Setting
Port speed and mode 10/100/1000BaseT copper: auto-negotiation full duplex
Port forwarding state Enabled
Port tagging No tagging
Flow Control On
Back Pressure Off (disabled on ingress)
MDIX (not user-configurable) On (relevant to coppers ports only)
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 39
4
43+
Starting and Configuring the Device
After completing all external connections, the device must be configured. This section describes
various methods of configuring the device.
NOTE: The PowerConnect 2808 has an internal serial port.
NOTE: Before proceeding, read the release notes for this product. The release notes can be downloaded
from http://support.dell.com. It is recommended that you obtain the most recent revision of the user
documentation from the Dell support website at http://support.dell.com.
NOTE: If the device is to be used as an unmanaged switch, there is no need for a terminal connection. A
terminal connection is only required if the device is to be used in Managed mode. See "Management Modes"
on page 40 for a description of these modes.
Figure 4-1 provides an overview of the device initialization process.
This section covers the following topics:
• "Management Modes" on page 40
• "Transitioning Between Modes" on page 42
• "Booting the Device - Managed Mode" on page 44
• "Initial Configuration Through the Set-up Wizard" on page 44
• "Initial Configuration Through the Web" on page 48
•"Startup Menu" on page50
40 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 4-1. Installation and Configuration Flow
Management Modes
The device can be run in Managed or Unmanaged mode. By default, the device is in Unmanaged mode.
These modes are described below:
•
Managed Mode
— In this mode:
– Switch can be managed through the web interface.
– Managed Mode LED is ON.
– Device uses the saved running configuration (if it exists) or the default configuration.
Connect Device and
Console
Power On
Suspend
Bootup
Yes
Press Esc
Startup Menu (Special
Functions)
Reboot
No
Loading Program from
flash to RAM
Enter Wizard
Yes
No
Initial Configuration: IP
Address, Subnet mask,
Users Basic Security
Configuration
Wizard Configuration
Process
Advanced Configuration: IP
Address from DHCP
Standard
Device
Installation
Advanced
Device
Installation
Hardware
Setup
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 41
– The current running configuration is automatically saved to local storage. If the system is switched
to unmanaged mode via the Managed Mode button, the system does not load the saved
configuration, but it is still maintained in the device’s local storage.
– From Managed mode, you can move to Unmanaged mode by pressing the Mode button on the
device, or you can move to Secure mode using the web interface (see "Entering Secure Mode" on
page 62).
The factory default values, used when the device is in Managed mode, include:
– IP Address — 192.168.2.1
– Netmask — 255.255.255.0
–Username — admin
– Permission — R/W privilege
–DHCP Client — Off
– Flow Control — On
–STP — Off
•
Unmanaged Mode
— In this mode:
– The device does not have an IP address.
–STP is disabled.
– All ports belong to a single VLAN.
– There is no web management interface.
– The CLI works in Debug mode only.
– Default configuration is used.
– Managed Mode LED is OFF.
– Return to Managed mode by pressing the Mode button on the device for up to 7 seconds.
•
Secure Mode
— In this mode:
– This mode can be entered only from the Web management.
– The device retains the existing configuration active, but it prevents users from making
configuration changes by removing the IP address of the device so that it becomes inaccessible for
configuration.
– No web management interface is available, and the CLI works in Debug mode only.
– Managed Mode LED is OFF.
– Return to Managed mode by pressing the Mode button on the device for up to 7 seconds.
All modes are maintained throughout power cycles. The Managed Mode LED shows the current mode.
42 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Transitioning Between Modes
Figure 4-5 shows the transition between Managed, Secure and Unmanaged operating modes:
Figure 4-2. Transitioning Between Management Modes
Note the following points:
• The Managed Mode LED designates whether the management interface is active on the switch. The
LED is ON only in the Managed mode, and OFF in Secure and Unmanaged modes.
Device is in Management
Mode
Device reboots in
Secure mode with
the current
configuration but
no IP address
(Managed Mode
LED is OFF)
User presses
Managed Mode
button for less
than 7 seconds. In
Device reboots in
Managed mode.
Note: See details
below regarding
restore default
configuration page
on PC2808
User presses
Managed Mode
button for less
than 7 seconds.
User selects Web
option to go to
Secure mode).
Remove
management IP
from switch (it is
no longer
manageable).
Device reboots in
Unmanaged mode
and switch
operates as a true
unmanaged switch
(Managed Mode
LED is OFF).
User presses
Managed Mode
button. Device
reboots in
Managed mode.
Note: See details
below regarding
restore default
configuration page
on PC2808
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 43
• Power cycle returns the switch to the same state that existed prior to the power cycle, and
configuration is preserved.
• The user can only save or restore configurations while in Managed mode. There is no management
interface available in Secure or Unmanaged mode to enable the user to modify, save or restore
configurations.
• Since the device can only enter Secure mode via an option from the web interface, it can only
transition into Secure mode from Managed mode. After the system is in Secure mode, it retains its last
running configuration, but does not have a management IP address (cannot be managed from the web
interface).
Transition to managed mode on PC2816/24/48 devices
• A transition from Unmanaged or Secure mode to Managed mode via the use of the Managed Mode
button results in the switch automatically rebooting and returning to Managed mode while running
the saved configuration (if no configuration exists, then the default configuration is used).
Transition to managed mode on PC2808 devices
• When returning to Managed mode from either Unmanaged or Secure mode, the Restore Saved
Configuration page appears. This page can be used to retrieve a saved configuration. You can also
change the device IP address using the following page:
Figure 4-3. Restore Saved Configuration
–
Local Configuration
— No saved configuration is loaded.
–
Server IP Address/File Name
— Loads a previously saved configuration.
44 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
–
Use Saved IP/User Name/Password
—
When restoring local configuration, this option uses the IP
address, user name and password that were automatically saved when you exited Managed mode.
When restoring a saved configuration, this option uses the IP address, user name and password
inside the saved configuration.
–
Use Current IP/User Name/Password
—
When restoring local configuration, this option uses the
system default IP address, user name and password.
–
Apply Changes
— The selected configuration is restored and the device reboots.
Booting the Device - Managed Mode
The procedure described in this section refers to the device when set to Managed mode. See Figure 4-2
for a description of how to enter the Managed mode
In managed mode, the boot procedure can be monitored on the connected terminal as follows:
1
Ensure that the device console port is connected to a VT100 terminal device or VT100 terminal
emulator via the RS-232 crossover cable.
2
Locate an AC power receptacle.
3
Deactivate the AC power receptacle.
4
Connect the device
to the AC receptacle.
5
Activate the AC power receptacle.
When the power is turned on with the local terminal already connected, the device goes through
Power On Self Test (POST). POST runs every time the device is initialized and checks hardware
components to determine if the device is fully operational before completely booting. If a critical
problem is detected, the program flow stops. If POST passes successfully, a valid executable image is
loaded into RAM. POST messages are displayed on the terminal and indicate test success or failure.
6
The boot process begins running in
less than 45 seconds when in Unmanaged mode (and
approximately 90 seconds when in other modes)
.
Initial Configuration Through the Set-up Wizard
To configure the device, it must be in Management mode.
NOTE: The switch is factory-set in Unmanaged Mode. To set the switch to Managed mode, press the Mode button
for up to 7 seconds.
In Management mode, you can configure the device in the following ways:
• Through the web management application (described in "Initial Configuration Through the Web" on
page 48).
• Through the Set-up wizard, as described below.
NOTE: The initial simple configuration uses the following assumptions:
•The PowerConnect device was never configured before, and is in the same state as when you received it.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 45
•The PowerConnect device booted successfully.
•The console connection is established and the console prompt is displayed on the screen of a VT100 terminal
device. (Press the <Enter> key several times to verify that the prompt displays correctly.)
The system prompts you to use the Set-up wizard when the device boots up for the first time or if the
configuration file is empty. The Setup Wizard provides guidance through the initial device configuration,
and gets the device up and running as quickly as possible.
NOTE: Obtain the following information from your network administrator before configuring the device:
•SNMP Community String and SNMP Management System IP address (optional).
•Username and password.
•The IP address to be assigned to the VLAN 1 interface through which the device is to be managed (by default,
every external and internal port is a member of the VLAN 1).
•The IP subnet mask for the network.
•The default gateway (next hop router) IP address for configuring the default route.
You can skip using the setup wizard and configure the device manually through the device CLI mode (see
"Managing the Device Using the CLI" on page 153.)
The Setup Wizard configures the following fields.
•SNMP Community String and SNMP Management System IP address (optional)
•Username and Password
•Device IP address
•IP subnet mask
•Default Gateway IP address
The Setup Wizard displays the following information:
Welcome to Dell Easy Setup Wizard.
The Setup Wizard guides you through the initial switch configuration,
and gets you up and running as quickly as possible. You can skip the
setup wizard, and enter CLI mode to manually configure the switch.
The system will prompt you with a default answer; by pressing enter,
you accept the default. You must respond to the next question to run
the setup wizard within 60 seconds, otherwise the system will
continue with normal operation using the default system
configuration.
Would you like to enter the setup wizard (you must answer this
question within 60 seconds)? (Y/N)[Y] Y
NOTE: If you select not to use the Setup Wizard, you can access the Web interface by using the default IP
address/mask (192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0).
NOTE: You can exit the Setup Wizard at any time by entering [Ctrl+Z].
46 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Wizard Step 1
The following information displays:
The system is not setup for SNMP management by default.
To manage the switch using SNMP (required for Dell Network Manager)
you can:
*Setup the initial SNMP Version 2 account now
*Return later and setup additional SNMP v1/v2 accounts
For more information on setting up SNMP accounts, please see the user
documentation.
Would you like to setup the SNMP management interface now? (Y/N)[Y] Y
Enter [N] to skip to Step 2.
Enter [Y] to continue the Set-up wizard. The following information displays:
To setup the SNMP management account you must specify the management
system IP address and the "community string" or password that the
particular management system uses to access the switch. The wizard
automatically assigns the highest access level [Privilege Level 15]
to this account.
You can use Dell Network Manager or CLI to change this setting, and
to add additional management systems. For more information on adding
management systems, see the user documentation.
To add a management station:
Please enter the SNMP community string to be used:
[Dell_Network_Manager]
Please enter the IP address of the Management System (A.B.C.D) or wildcard (0.0.0.0) to manage from
any Management Station:[0.0.0.0]
Wizard Step 2
The following information displays:
Now we need to setup your initial privilege (Level 15) user account.
This account is used to login to the CLI, Telnet and Web interface.
You may setup other accounts and change privilege levels later.
For more information on setting up user accounts and changing
privilege levels, see the user documentation.
To setup a user account:
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 47
Enter the user name<1-20>:[admin]
Please enter the user password:*****
Please reenter the user password:*****
Wizard Step 3
The following information displays:
Next, an IP address is set up.
The IP address is defined on the default VLAN,(VLAN #2). This is the
IP address you use to access the Telnet, Web interface, or SNMP
interface for the switch. To setup an IP address:
Please enter the IP address of the device (A.B.C.D):10.6.22.100
Please enter the IP subnet mask (A.B.C.D or nn):[255.255.255.224]
48 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Wizard Step 4
The following information displays:
Finally, setup the default gateway.
Please enter the IP address of the gateway from which this network is
reachable(e.g. 192.168.1.1).Default gateway (A.B.C.D):[10.6.22.97]
Enter the default gateway.
Press Enter. The following is displayed (as per the example parameters described):
This is the configuration information that has been collected:
==============================================================
SNMP Interface = Dell_Network_Manager@0.0.0.0
User Account setup = admin
Password = **********
Management IP address = 10.6.22.100 255.255.255.224
Default Gateway is 10.6.22.97
==============================================================
Wizard Step 5
The following information displays:
If the information is correct, please select (Y) to save the
configuration, and copy to the start-up configuration file. If the
information is incorrect, select (N) to discard configuration and
restart the wizard: (Y/N)[Y] Y
Configuring SNMP management interface.
Configuring user account.......
Configuring IP and subnet......
Thank you for using Dell Easy Setup Wizard.
Initial Configuration Through the Web
The administrator can choose to perform device configuration via the web management instead of
through the Set-up wizard.
Basic Configuration
To configure a device whose configuration is empty via web management, perform the following steps:
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 49
1
Connect the switch to a PC via Ethernet, and set a static IP address of 192.168.2.x 255.255.255.0
(where x is between 2 and 254) on the PC.
2
Connect to the switch using IP address 192.168.2.1 in your web browser. The login is: username =
admin with no password.
3
After connecting to the device, use the
IP Interface Parameters
page to define the required IP address
(static or DHCP) for the device and its default gateway.
4
After the device is configured with new IP address, connect the device to the network or to a PC with
the correct subnet settings and continue configuring it via web management.
5
The
IP Addressing
page contains a link to the
IP Interface Parameters
page that is used to assign the
device IP address, subnet mask and default gateway, and for enabling or disabling DHCP. In the web
management interface navigation menu at left, select the
System > IP Addressing >
IP Interface
Parameters
screen.
Figure 4-4. Web management IP Interface Parameters
6
Enter the IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway.
7
Click
Apply Changes
. The device is configured.
Retrieving an IP Address From a DHCP Server
The device can be set to receive its IP address from a DHCP server. In this case, the configuration
received from the DHCP server includes the IP address, and might include subnet mask and default
gateway.
When using the DHCP protocol to retrieve an IP address, the device acts as a DHCP client. When the
device is reset, the DHCP command is saved in the configuration file, but not the IP address.
50 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Startup Menu
The procedures called from the Startup menu cover software download, flash handling and password
recovery. The diagnostics procedures are for use by technical support personnel
only
and are not disclosed
in the document.
The Startup menu can be entered when booting the device, user input must be entered immediately
after the POST test.
To enter the Startup menu:
1
Turn the power on and watch for the auto-boot message.
**************************************************
***************** SYSTEM RESET *****************
**************************************************
------ Performing the Power-On Self Test (POST) ------
UART Channel Loopback Test........................PASS
Testing the System SDRAM..........................PASS
Boot1 Checksum Test...............................PASS
Boot2 Checksum Test...............................PASS
Flash Image Validation Test.......................PASS
BOOT Software Version 1.0.0.20 Built 22-Jan-xxxx 15:09:28
Processor: FireFox 88E6218 ARM946E-S, 64 MByte SDRAM.
I-Cache 8 KB. D-Cache 8 KB. Cache Enabled.
Autoboot in 2 seconds - press RETURN or Esc. to abort and enter prom.
Preparing to decompress...
2
When the auto-boot message appears, press <Enter> to get the Startup menu. The Startup menu
procedures can be done using the ASCII terminal or Windows HyperTerminal.
[1] Download Software
[2] Erase Flash File
[3] Password Recovery Procedure
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 51
[4] Enter Diagnostic Mode
[5] Set Terminal Baud-Rate
[6] Back
Enter your choice or press 'ESC' to exit
The following sections describe the available Startup menu options.
NOTE: When selecting an option form the Startup menu, time out must be taken into account: if no selection is
made within 35 seconds (default), the device times out. This default value can be changed through CLI.
Software Download
The software download procedure is performed when a new version must be downloaded to replace the
corrupted files, update or upgrade the system software. To download software from the Startup menu:
1
From the Startup menu,
press [1]
. The following prompt appears:
Downloading code using XMODEM
2
When using the HyperTerminal, click
Transfer
on the HyperTerminal Menu Bar.
3
In the
Filename
field, enter the file path for the file to be downloaded.
4
Ensure that the
Xmodem
protocol is selected in the
Protocol
field.
5
Press
Send
. The software is downloaded.
NOTE: After software download, the device reboots automatically.
NOTE: The length of time taken by the download varies according to the tool used.
Erase FLASH File
In some cases, the device configuration must be erased. If the configuration is erased, all parameters
configured via CLI, EWS or SNMP must be reconfigured.
Erasing the Device Configuration
1
From the Startup menu,
press [2]
within two seconds to erase flash file. The following message is
displayed:
Warning! About to erase a Flash file.
Are you sure (Y/N)? y
2
Press
Y
. The following message is displayed.
Write Flash file name (Up to 8 characters, Enter for none.):config
File config (if present) will be erased after system initialization
======== Press Enter To Continue ========
52 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
3
Enter
config
as the name of the flash file. The configuration is erased and the device reboots.
4
Repeat the device initial configuration.
Password Recovery
If a password is lost, the Password Recovery procedure can be called from the Startup menu. The
procedure enables entry to the device once without a password.
To recover a lost password for the local terminal only:
1
From the Startup menu, type
3
and press <Enter>.
The password is deleted.
NOTE: To ensure device security, reconfigure passwords for applicable management methods.
Software Download Through TFTP Server
This section contains instructions for downloading device software (system and boot images) through a
TFTP server. The TFTP server must be configured before beginning to download the software.
System Image Download
The device boots and runs when decompressing the system image from the flash memory area where a
copy of the system image is stored. When a new image is downloaded, it is saved in the other area
allocated for the other system image copy.
On the next boot, the device will decompress and run the currently active system image unless chosen
otherwise.
To download a system image through the TFTP server:
1
Ensure that an IP address is configured on one of the device ports and pings can be sent to a TFTP
server.
2
Make sure that the file to be downloaded is saved on the TFTP server (the
ros
file).
3
Enter
copy tftp://{tftp address}/{file name} image
to copy a new system image to the
device. When the new image is downloaded, it is saved in the area allocated for the other copy of system
image. The following is an example of the information that appears:
console# copy tftp://176.215.31.3/file1.ros image
Accessing file ‘file1’ on 176.215.31.3Ö
Loading file1 from 176.215.31.3:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Copy took 00:01:11 [hh:mm:ss]
Exclamation symbols indicate that a copying process is in progress. Each symbol (!) corresponds to
512 bytes transferred successfully. A period indicates that the copying process is timed out. Many
periods in a row indicate that the copying process failed.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 53
4
Enter the
reload
command. The following message is displayed:
console# reload
This command will reset the whole system and disconnect your current
session. Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]?
5
Enter
y
. The device reboots.
Boot Image Download
Loading a new boot image from the TFTP server and programming it into the flash updates the boot
image. The boot image is loaded when the device is powered on. A user has
no
control over the boot
image copies. To download a boot image through the TFTP server:
1
Ensure that an IP address is configured on one of the device ports and pings can be sent to a
TFTP server.
2
Ensure that the file to be downloaded is saved on the TFTP server (the
rfb
file).
3
Enter
copy tftp://{tftp address}/{file name} boot
to copy the boot image to the
device. The following is an example of the information that appears:
console# copy tftp://176.215.31.3/332448-10018.rfb boot
Erasing file..done.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Copy: 2739187 bytes copied in 00:01:13 [hh:mm:ss]
4
Enter the
reload
command. The following message is displayed:
console# reload
This command will reset the whole system and disconnect your current
session. Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]?
5
Enter
y
.
The device reboots.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 54
5
Using Dell OpenManage Switch Administrator
This section provides an introduction to the user interface.
Understanding the Interface
The home page contains the following views:
•
Tree View
— Located on the left side of the home page, the tree view provides an expandable view
of the features and their components.
•
Device View
— Located on the right side of the home page, the device view provides an
information or table area, and configuration instructions.
Figure 5-1. Switch Administrator Components
Table 5-1 lists the interface components with their corresponding numbers.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 55
Using the Switch Administrator Buttons
This section describes the buttons found on the OpenManage Switch Administrator interface.
Information Buttons
Information buttons provide access to on-line support and online help, as well as information about the
OpenManage Switch Administrator interfaces.
Table 5-1. Interface Components
Component Name
1 The tree view contains a list of the different
device features. The branches in the tree view
can be expanded to view all the components
under a specific feature, or retracted to hide the
feature's components. By dragging the vertical
bar to the right, the tree area can be expanded to
display the full name of a component.
2 The information buttons provide access to
information about the device and access to Dell
Support. For more information, see "Information
Buttons."
3 The components list contains a list of the feature
components. Components can also be viewed by
expanding a feature in the tree view.
Table 5-2. Information Buttons
Button Description
Support Opens the Dell Support page at
support.dell.com.
Help Online help containing information to assist in
configuring and managing the
device
. The
online help pages are linked directly to the page
currently open. For example, if the IP
Addressing page is open, the help topic for that
page opens when Help is clicked.
About Contains the version and build number and Dell
copyright information.
Log Out Logs out of the application and closes the
browser window.
56 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Device Management Buttons
Device Management buttons provide an easy method of configuring device information, and includes
the following:
Starting the Application
1
Open a web browser.
2
Enter the device’s IP address (as defined in the CLI) in the address bar and press <Enter>.
For information about assigning an IP address to a device, see "Static IP Address and Subnet Mask."
3
When the
Enter Network Password
window opens, enter a user name and password.
NOTE: The device is not configured with a default password, and can be configured without entering a
password. For information about recovering a lost password, see “Password Recovery.
NOTE: Passwords are both case sensitive and alpha-numeric.
NOTE: The device can be managed via web interface only in Managed mode. For more information about
management modes, see "Management Modes" on page 51.
4
Click
OK
.
The
Dell PowerConnect OpenManage™
Switch Administrator
home page opens.
Access Levels
When you login to the device, you are automatically assigned one of the following modes, based upon
the access level assigned to you:
Table 5-3. Device Management Buttons
Button Description
Apply Changes Applies changes to the device.
Add Adds information to tables or dialogs.
Telnet Starts a Telnet session.
Query Queries tables.
Show All Displays the
device tables.
Left arrow/Right arrow Moves information between lists.
Refresh Refreshes device information.
Reset All Counters Clears statistic counters.
Print Prints the Network Management System page and/or
table information.
Draw Creates statistics charts on-the-fly.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 57
•
Management
— This is a read-write mode where you can see and edit all pages of the interface.
•
Monitor
— This is a read-only mode where you can see a subset of the interface pages, but you cannot
edit them.
For more information about setting the access level, see ("Defining the Local User Databases" on
page 68).
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 58
6
Configuring System Information
This section provides information for defining system parameters including security features,
downloading device software, and resetting the device. To open the System page, click System in the
tree view.
Figure 6-1. System
Defining General Device Information
The General page contains links to pages for configuring device parameters.
Viewing Device Information
The Asset page contains parameters for configuring general device information, including the
system name, location, and contact, the system MAC Address, System Object ID, date, time, and
System Up Time. To open the Asset page, click System General Asset in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 59
Figure 6-2. Asset
•
System Name (0- Characters)
— Defines the user-defined device name.
•
System Contact (0- Characters)
— Specifies the name of the contact person.
•
System Location (0- Characters)
— Specifies the location where the system is currently running.
•
MAC Address
— Specifies the device MAC address.
•
Sys Object ID
— Specifies the vendor's authoritative identification of the network management
subsystem contained in the entity.
•
Service Tag
— Specifies the service reference number used when servicing the device.
•
Asset Tag (0-16 Characters)
— Specifies the user-defined device reference.
•
Serial No.
— Specifies the device serial number.
•
Date
— Specifies the current date. The format is day, month, year, for example, 10//02 is November 10,
2002.
•
Time
— Specifies the time. The format is hour, minute, second, for example, 20:12:03 is eight twelve
and three seconds in the evening.
•
System Up Time
— Specifies the amount of time since the last device reset. The system time is
displayed in the following format: Days, Hours, Minutes and Seconds. For example,.
Defining System Information:
1
Open the
Asset
page.
2
Define the relevant fields.
60 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The system parameters are defined, and the device is updated.
Initiating a Telnet Session:
1
Open the
Asset
page.
2
Click
Telnet
.
A Telnet session is initiated.
Viewing the Versions Page
The Versions
page contains information about the hardware and software versions currently running. To
open the Versions
page, click System General Versions in the tree view.
Figure 6-3. Versions
•
Software Version
— The current software version running on the device.
•
Boot Version
— The current Boot version running on the device.
•
Hardware Version
— The current hardware version.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 61
Resetting the Device
The Reset
page enables the device to be reset from a remote location. For more information about saved
Configuration files, see "Managing Files" on page 79. To open the Reset
page
,
click System General
Reset in the tree view.
Figure 6-4. Reset
Resetting the Device
1
Open the
Reset
page
2
Click
reset
.
A confirmation message displays.
3
Click
OK
.
The device is reset. After the device is reset, a prompt for a user name and password displays.
4
Enter a user name and password to reconnect to the Web Interface.
62 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Entering Secure Mode
The Secure Mode
page allows you to put the device in the
Secure
management mode. Once enabled, it
prevents users from making any further configuration changes to the switch. This is done by removing
the IP address of the switch so that it becomes inaccessible. In Secure Mode the switch retains
configuration through power cycles just like in Managed Mode.
To use Secure Mode, configure the device in Managed Mode, and then switch to Secure Mode via the
web interface. To exit Secure Mode, press the Managed Mode button on the device to enter the
Managed Mode. For information about management modes, see "Management Modes" on page 50. For
information about saving Configuration files, see "Managing Files" on page 79.
To open the Secure Mode
page
,
click System General Secure Mode in the tree view.
Figure 6-5. Secure Mode
Entering Secure Mode
1
Open the
Secure Mode
page.
2
Click
Secure
.
A confirmation message displays.
3
Click
OK
.
The device enters Secure mode.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 63
Defining Device IP Addresses
The IP Addressing page contains a link to the IP Interface Parameters page that is used to assign the
device IP address, subnet mask and default gateway, and for enabling or disabling DHCP.
To open the IP Addressing page, click System IP Addressing in the tree view.
Defining IP Interface Parameters
To open the
IP Interface Parameters page, click System IP Addressing IP Interface Parameters in
the tree view.
Figure 6-6. IP Interface Parameters
•
DHCP
— The DHCP client can be enabled to acquire the network configuration dynamically. The
DHCP default value is Disable. This field enables the DHCP client.
•
IP Address
— Specifies the IP Address currently assigned to the device.
•
Subnet Mask
— Specifies the subnet mask of the IP Address, currently assigned to the device.
•
Default Gateway
— Specifies the Default Gateway Address, currently assigned to the device.
Setting static IP Interface parameters:
1
Open the
IP Interface Parameters
page
.
2
Set the
IP Address
,
Subnet Mask
and
Default Gateway
.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The static interface parameters are set and the device is updated.
64 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Running Cable Diagnostics
The Diagnostics section contains links to pages for performing virtual cable tests on copper cables and
optical transceivers. To open the Diagnostics page, click System Diagnostics in the tree view.
• Viewing Optical Transceiver Diagnostics (Applicable only for 24, 48 port devices)
Viewing Copper Cable Diagnostics
The Integrated Cable Test for Copper Cables page contains fields for performing tests on copper cables.
Cable testing provides information about where errors occurred in the cable, the last time a cable test
was performed, and the type of cable error which occurred. The tests use Time Domain Reflectometry
(TDR) technology to test the quality and characteristics of a copper cable attached to a port. Cables up
to meters long can be tested. Cables are tested when the ports are in the down state, with the exception
of the Approximated Cable Length test. The cable length returned is an approximation in the ranges of
up to 50 meters, 50m-80m, 80m-110m, 110m-m, or more than m. The deviation may be up to 20 meters.
To open the Integrated Cable Test for Copper Cables page, click System Diagnostics Integrated
Cable Test in the tree view.
Figure 6-7. Integrated Cable Test for Copper Cables
•
Port
— The port to which the cable is connected.
•
Test Result
— The cable test results. Possible values are:
–
No Cable
—
–
Open Cable
— cable is connected on only one side.
–
Short Cable
—
OK
— The cable passed the test.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 65
•
Cable Fault Distance
— The distance from the port where the cable error occurred.
•
Last Update
— The last time the port was tested.
•
Approximate Cable Length
— The approximate cable length. This test can only be performed when
the port is up and operating at 1 Gbps.
Performing a Cable Test
1
Ensure that both ends of the copper cable are connected to a device.
2
Open the
Integrated Cable Test
page.
3
Click
Test Now
.
The copper cable test is performed, and the results are displayed on the
Integrated Cable Test for
Copper Cables
page.
Displaying Virtual Cable Test Results Table
1
Open the
Integrated Cable Test for Copper Cables
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Virtual Cable Test Results Table
opens.
Viewing Optical Transceiver Diagnostics
The Optical Transceiver Diagnostics page contains fields for performing tests on Fiber Optic cables.
Optical transceiver diagnostics can be performed only when the link is present. To open the Optical
Transceiver Diagnostics page, click SystemDiagnostics Optical Transceiver Diagnostics in the tree
view.
66 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 6-8. Optical Transceiver Diagnostics
The Optical Transceiver Diagnostics page contains the following fields:
•
Port
— The port to which the fiber cable is connected.
•
Temperature
— The temperature (in Celsius) at which the cable is operating.
•
Voltage
— The voltage at which the cable is operating.
•
Current
— The current at which the cable is operating.
•
Output Power
— The rate at which the output power is transmitted.
•
Input Power
— The rate at which the input power is transmitted.
•
Transmitter Fault
— Indicates if a fault occurred during transmission.
•
Loss of Signal
— Indicates if a signal loss occurred in the cable.
•
Data Ready
— The transceiver has achieved power up and data is ready.
Displaying Optical Transceiver Diagnostics Test Results Table
1
Open the
Optical Transceiver Diagnostics
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
•
The test is run and the Virtual Cable Test Results Table opens.
Clicking
Show All
opens the
Optical
Transceiver Diagnostics Table
.
The Optical Transceiver Diagnostics Table contains the following columns:
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 67
•
Port
— The port to which the fiber cable is connected.
•
Temperature
— Internally measured transceiver temperature.
•
Voltage
— Internally measured supply voltage.
•
Current
— Measured TX bias current.
•
Output Power
— Measured TX output power in milliwatts.
•
Input Power
— Measured RX received power in milliwatts.
•
TXTransmitter Fault
— Transmitter fault.
Finisair transceivers do not support the transmitter fault diagnostic testing.
•
LOSLoss of Signal
— Loss of signal.
•
Data Ready
— The transceiver has archived power up and data is ready.
•
N/A
— Not Available, N/S - Not Supported, W - Warning, E - Error.
Fiber Optic analysis feature works only on SFPs that support the digital diagnostic standard SFF-4872.
68 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Managing Device Security
The Management Security page provides access to security pages that contain fields for setting security
parameters for user database, password and RADIUS security. To open the Management Security page
,
click SystemManagement Security in the tree view.
Defining the Local User Databases
The Local User Database
page contains fields for defining users, passwords and access levels. To open
the Local User Database
page, click System Management Security Local User Database in the tree
view.
Figure 6-9. Local User Database
•
User Name
— List of users.
•
Access Level
— User access level. Users with access level 15 are Privileged Users, and only they can
access and edit all pages of the OpenManage Switch Administrator.
•
Password (0-64 Characters)
— User-defined password.
•
Confirm Password
— Confirms the user-defined password.
•
Remove
— Removes users from the
User Name
list, when selected.
Assigning Access Rights to a User:
1
Open the
Local User Database
page.
2
Select a user in the
User Name
field.
3
Define the fields.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 69
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The user access rights and passwords are defined, and the device is updated.
Defining a New User:
1
Open the
Local User Database
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The
Add User
page opens:
Figure 6-10. Add a User
3
Define the fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The new user is defined, and the device is updated.
Displaying the Local User Table:
1
Open the
Local User Database
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
Local User Table
opens:
Figure 6-11. Local User Table
70 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Deleting Users:
1
Open the
Local User Database
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
Local User Table
opens.
3
Select a
User Name.
4
Select the
Remove
check box.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
The selected user is deleted and the device is updated.
Configuring RADIUS Global Parameters
Remote Authorization Dial-In User Service
(RADIUS) servers provide additional security for networks.
To open the RADIUS Settings page, click System Management Security RADIUS in the tree view.
Figure 6-12. RADIUS Settings
•
IP Address
— The list of Authentication Server IP addresses.
•
Priority (0-65535)
— Specifies the server priority. The possible values are 0-65535, where 0 is the
highest value. This is used to configure the order in which servers are queried.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 71
•
Authentication Port
— Identifies the authentication port. The authentication port is used to verify
the RADIUS server authentication.
•
Number of Retries (1-10)
— Specifies the number of transmitted requests sent to RADIUS server
before a failure occurs. The possible field values are 1 - 10. Three is the default value.
•
Timeout for Reply (1-30
) — Specifies the amount of the time in seconds the device waits for an
answer from the RADIUS server before retrying the query, or switching to the next server. The possible
field values are 1 - 30. The default is 3.
•
Dead Time (0-2000)
— Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) that a RADIUS server is bypassed
for service requests. The range is 0-2000.
•
Key String (0-128 Characters)
— Specifies the Key string used for authenticating and encrypting all
RADIUS communications between the device and the RADIUS server. This key is encrypted.
•
Source IP Address
— Specifies the source IP address that is used for communication with RADIUS
servers.
If host-specific Timeouts, Retries, or Dead time values are not specified, the Global values (Defaults) are
applied to each host. The following fields set the RADIUS default values:
•
Default Retries (1-10)
— Specifies the default number of transmitted requests sent to RADIUS server
before a failure occurs.
•
Default Timeout for Reply (1-30)
— Specifies the default amount of the time (in seconds) the device
waits for an answer from the RADIUS server before timing out.
•
Default Dead time (0-2000)
— Specifies the default amount of time (in seconds) that a RADIUS
server is bypassed for service requests. The range is 0-2000.
•
Default Key String (0-128 Characters)
— Specifies the Default Key string used for authenticating and
encrypting all RADIUS communications between the device and the RADIUS server. This key is
encrypted.
•
Source Address
— Specifies the source IP address that is used for communication with RADIUS
servers.
Defining RADIUS Parameters:
1
Open the
RADIUS Settings
page.
2
Define the fields.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The RADIUS setting are updated to the device.
Adding a RADIUS Server:
1
Open the
RADIUS Settings
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The
Add RADIUS Server
page opens:
72 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 6-13. Add RADIUS Server Page
3
Define the
fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The new RADIUS server is added, and the device is updated.
Displaying the RADIUS Server List:
1
Open the
RADIUS Settings
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Show all RADIUS Servers
page opens:
Figure 6-14. Show all RADIUS Servers
Modifying the RADIUS Server Settings:
1
Open the
RADIUS Settings
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
RADIUS Servers List
page opens.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 73
3
Modify the relevant
fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The RADIUS Server settings are modified, and the device is updated.
Deleting a RADIUS Server for the RADIUS Servers List:
1
Open the
RADIUS Settings
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
RADIUS Servers List
page opens.
3
Select a RADIUS Server in the
RADIUS Servers List
.
4
Select the
Remove
check box.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
The RADIUS server is removed from the
RADIUS Servers List
.
Defining SNMP Parameters
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) provides a method for managing network devices.
Devices supporting SNMP run a local software (agent).
The SNMP agents maintain a list of variables, which are used to manage the device. The variables are
defined in the Management Information Base (MIB). The MIB contains the variables controlled by the
agent. The SNMP protocol defines the MIB specification format, as well as the format used to access the
information over the network.
Access rights to the SNMP agents are controlled by access strings. To communicate with the device, the
Embedded Web Server submits a valid community string for authentication. To open the SNMP page,
click System SNMP in the tree view.
This section contains information for managing the SNMP configuration.
74 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Defining SNMP Global Parameters
The SNMP Global Parameters page permits enabling both SNMP and Authentication notifications.To
open the SNMP Global Parameters page, click System SNMP Global Parameters in the tree view.
Figure 6-15. Global Parameters
•
SNMP Notifications
— Enables or disables the sending SNMP notifications.
•
Authentication Notifications
— Enables or disables the sending SNMP traps when authentication
fails.
Enabling SNMP Notifications
1
Open the
SNMP Global Parameters
page.
2
Select
Enable
in the
SNMP
Notifications
field.
3
Click
Apply
Changes
.
SNMP notifications are enabled, and the device is updated.
Enabling Authentication Notifications
1
Open the
SNMP Global Parameters
page.
2
Select Enable in the
Authentication Notifications
field.
3
Click
Apply
Changes
.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 75
Defining Communities
Access rights are managed by defining communities in the Community Table. When the community
names are changed, access rights are also changed.To open the SNMP Community page, click System 
SNMP Community in the tree view.
Figure 6-16. SNMP Community
•
SNMP Management Station
— A list of management station IP addresses.
•
Community String
— Functions as a password and used to authenticate the selected management
station to the device.
•
Access Mode
— Defines the access rights of the community. The possible field values are:
–
Read Only
— The management access is restricted to read-only, for all MIBs except the
community table, for which there is no access.
–
Read Write
— The management access is read-write, for all MIBs except the community table, for
which there is no access.
–
SNMP Admin
— The management access is read-write for all MIBs, including the community
table.
•
Remove
— Removes a community, when selected.
Defining a New Community
1
Open the
SNMP Community
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The
Add SNMP Community
page opens:
76 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 6-17. Add SNMP Community
3
Select one of the following:
–
SNMP Management Station
— Defines an SNMP community for a specific management station.
–
All
— Defines an SNMP community for all management stations.
4
Define the remaining fields.
5
Click
Apply
Changes
.
The new community is saved, and the device is updated.
Displaying all Communities
1
Open the
SNMP Community
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
Community Table
opens:
Figure 6-18. Community Table
Deleting Communities
1
Open the
Community Table
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
Community Table
opens.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 77
3
Select a community from the
Community Table.
4
Select the
Remove
check box.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
The selected community entry is deleted, and the device is updated.
Defining SNMP Notification Recipients
The Notification Recipients page contains information for defining filters that determine whether traps
are sent to specific users, and the trap type sent. SNMP notification filters provide the following services:
• Identifying Management Trap Targets
•Trap Filtering
• Selecting Trap Generation Parameters
• Providing Access Control Checks
To open the Notification Recipients page, click System SNMP Notification Recipient in the
tree view.
Figure 6-19. Notification Recipients
•
Recipient IP
— Indicates the IP address to whom the traps are sent.
•
•
Notification Version
— Determines the trap type. The possible field values are:
–
SNMPv1
— SNMP Version 1 traps are sent.
–
SNMPv2
— SNMP Version 2 traps are sent.
•
Remove Notification Recipient
— When checked, removes selected notification recipients.
78 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Adding a new Trap Recipients
1
Open
Notification Recipients
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The Add Notification Recipients page opens:
3
Define the relevant fields.
4
Click
Apply
Changes
.
The notification recipient is added, and the device is updated.
Displaying Notification Recipients Tables
1
Open
Notification Recipients
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The Notification Recipients Tables page opens:
Figure 6-20. Notification Recipients Tables
Deleting Notification Recipients
1
Open
Notification Recipients
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The Notification Recipients Tables page opens.
3
Select a notification recipient.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 79
4
Check the
Remove
checkbox.
5
Click
Apply
Changes
. The recipient is deleted, and the device is updated.
Managing Files
The File Management section contains fields for managing device software, the Image Files, and the
Configuration Files. Files can be downloaded from a TFTP server.
The configuration file structure consists of the following configuration files:
•
Startup Configuration File
— Contains the commands required to reconfigure the device to the same
settings as when the device is powered down or rebooted.
•
Running Configuration File
— Contains all Startup file commands, as well as all commands entered
during the current session. After the device is powered down or rebooted, all commands stored in the
Running Configuration file are lost. During the startup process, all commands in the Startup file are
copied to the Running Configuration File and applied to the device. During the session, all new
commands entered are added to the commands existing in the Running Configuration file.
Commands are not overwritten.
•
Image File
— System file images are saved in a Flash File called an image. The device boots and runs
from the image.
To open the File Management page, click System File Management in the tree view.
Downloading Files
The File Download From Server page contains fields for downloading system image and Configuration
files from the TFTP server or HTTP client to the device. To open the File Download From Server page,
click System File Management File Download in the tree view.
80 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 6-21. File Download From Server
•
Firmware Download —
The Firmware file is downloaded. If
Firmware Download
is selected, the
Configuration Download
fields are grayed out.
•
Configuration Download —
The Configuration file is downloaded. If
Configuration Download
is
selected, the
Firmware Download
fields are grayed out.
•
Download via TFTP
— Enables initiating an image download via the TFTP server.
•
Download via HTTP
— Enables initiating an image download via the HTTP server.
Firmware Download
•
Server IP Address —
The Server IP Address from which the firmware files are downloaded.
•
Source File Name —
Indicates the file to be downloaded.
•
Destination File Name
— The destination file to which the file is downloaded. The possible field
values are:
–
Software Image
— Downloads the software image file.
–
Boot Code
— Downloads the boot file.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 81
Configuration Download
•
Server IP Address
— The Server IP Address from which the configuration files are downloaded.
•
Source File Name
— Indicates the configuration files to be downloaded.
During the image file download, a dialog box opens which displays the download progress.
Downloading Files
1
Open the
File Download From Server
page.
2
Define the fields.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The software is downloaded to the device.
Uploading Files
The File Upload to Server page contains fields for uploading the Configuration file from the device to
the TFTP server. To open the File Upload to Server page, click System File Management File
Upload in the tree view.
Figure 6-22. File Upload to Server
82 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
The File Upload to Server page contains the following fields:
•
Upload via TFTP
— Enables initiating upload via the TFTP server.
•
Upload via HTTP
— Enables initiating upload via the FTP server.
•
Server IP Address
— The Server IP Address to which the file is uploaded.
•
Destination File Name (1-64 Characters) —
Indicates the file path to which the file is uploaded.
Uploading Files
1
Open the
File Upload to Server
page.
2
Define the fields.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The software is uploaded to the device.
Restoring Default Settings
The Restore Defaults page allows you to restore the device settings to their factory default values. To
open the Restore Defaults page, click System File Management Restore Defaults in the tree view.
Figure 6-23. Restore Defaults
The Restore Defaults page contains the following field:
•
Restore Configuration Factory Defaults
— Sets the device settings to their factory default values.
Restoring Default Settings
1
Open the
Restore Defaults
page.
2
Check the
Restore Configuration Factory Defaults
checkbox.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The settings are restored.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 83
Defining DHCP Server Settings
The DHCP server is used mainly for centralized control over assignment of IP addresses to attached
hosts.
A switch can operate as either a DHCP client (obtaining its own IP from a DHCP server) as a DHCP
server.
The DHCP server uses a fined pool of IP addresses (user-defined) from which it allocates IP addresses to
DHCP clients.
The DHCP server can allocate IP addresses in three configuration modes:
•
Static allocation
— The network administrator maps the hardware address of a host to an IP address
on the DHCP server.
•
Permanent allocation
— An IP address received through a standard request-reply mechanism is owned
by a client permanently (unless changes in the network environment/connections take place, for any
reason).
•
Dynamic allocation
— A network device obtains a leased IP address for a specified period of time. The
IP address is revoked at the end of this period and the switch must request another IP address.
This section contains information for configuring a DHCP server on a DHCP-server-enabled switch.
To open the DHCP Server page, click System DHCP Server in the tree view.
Configuring DHCP Properties
The DHCP Server Properties page contains fields for enabling the DHCP server and configuring pinging
capability. The DHCP Server pings a pool address before assigning this address to a requesting client. If
the ping is unanswered, the DHCP Server assumes (with a high probability) that the address is not in use
and assigns the address to the requesting client. To open the DHCP Server Properties page, click System
DHCP Server DHCP Server Properties in the tree view.
84 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 6-24. DHCP Server Properties
•
DHCP Server Status
— Indicates if the DHCP server is enabled. The possible field values are:
–
Enable
— Enables the DHCP server.
–
Disable
— Disables the DHCP server. This is the default value.
•
DHCP Ping
— Indicates if the DHCP server is set to ping the offered IP address before responding to
a client request, to ensure that the address is not in use. The possible field values are:
–
Enable
— Enables ping on the DHCP server.
–
Disable
— Disables ping on the DHCP server.
•
DHCP Ping Retries
— Optionally specifies the number of pings that are sent before an IP address can
be assigned to a requesting client. The range is 1 to 10 and the default value is two.
–
Use Default
— Reverts to the default Ping Retries setting (2 retries).
•
DHCP Ping Timeout
— Optionally specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) the DHCP server
waits for a ping reply before it stops attempting to reach a pool address, prior to assigning this address
to a requesting client. timeout is 500 milliseconds.
–
Use Default
— Reverts to the default Ping Timeout (500 milliseconds).
Enabling the DHCP Server
1
Open the
DHCP Server Properties
page.
2
Select
Enable
in the
DHCP Server Status
field.
3
Optionally, select
Enable
in the
DHCP Ping
field to enable ping globally.
4
Define the number of ping retries in the
DHCP Ping Retries
field, or click
Use Default
to select the
default number of two retries.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 85
5
Define the amount of time (in milliseconds) the DHCP server waits for a ping reply in the
DHCP
Ping Timeout
field, or click
Use Default
to select the default timeout of 500 milliseconds.
6
Click
Apply Changes
.
The server is enabled.
Defining Network Pool
The Network Pool page displays the DHCP Server's created pool name. The pool name, which is
typically assigned to a network segment, consists of an IP address range from which the DHCP Server
allocates IP addresses to DHCP clients. You can define the lease duration of the network pool.
To open the Network Pool page, click System DHCP Server Network Pool in the tree view.
Figure 6-25. Network Pool
•
Subnet IP Address
— Specifies the IP address of the subnet in which the network pool resides.
•
Network Mask
— Specifies the pool’s network mask.
•
Prefix Length
— Specifies the number of bits that comprise the address prefix.
•
Address Pool Start —
Specifies the first IP address in the range of the network pool.
•
Address Pool End —
Specifies the last IP address in the range of the network pool.
•
Lease Duration
— Specifies the amount of time a DHCP client can use an IP address from this pool.
The total lease duration is 4294967295 seconds, i.e. 49710.2696 days. Thus a lease of 49710 days, 0
hours, 0 minutes and 0 seconds is a legal value, while a lease of 49710 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes and
59 seconds results in an Out of Range alert.
86 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
–
Days
— Specifies the duration of the lease in number of days. The range is 0 to 49710 days.
–
Hours
— Specifies the number of hours in the lease. A days value must be supplied before an
hours value can be added. The range is 0 to 23 hours.
–
Minutes
— Specifies the number of minutes in the lease. A days value and an hours value must be
added before a minutes value can be added. The range is 0 to 59 minutes.
–
Infinite
— Specifies that the duration of the lease is unlimited.
•
Used Pool’s Addresses —
Specifies the number of the pool’s addresses that are currently used.
•
Default Router —
Specifies the default router for the DHCP client.
•
Domain Name Server —
Specifies the DNS server available to the DHCP client.
•
Domain Name —
Specifies the domain name for a DHCP client. The domain name may contain up
to 32 characters.
•
NetBIOS WINS Server —
Specifies the NetBIOS WINS name server available to a DHCP client.
•
NetBIOS Node Type —
A parameter that informs the workstation how to resolve the NetBIOS name.
Valid node types are:
–
Broadcast —
IP broadcast messages are used to register and resolve NetBIOS names to IP
addresses.
–
Peer-to-Peer —
Point-to-point communications with a NetBIOS name server are used to register
and resolve computer names to IP addresses.
–
Mixed —
A combination (mix) of b-node and p-node communications is used to register and
resolve NetBIOS names. M-node first uses b-node; then, if necessary, p-node. M-node is typically
not the best choice for larger networks because its preference for b-node broadcasts increases
network traffic.
–
Hybrid —
A hybrid combination of b-node and p-node is used. When configured to use h-node, a
computer always tries p-node first and uses b-node only if p-node fails. This is the default.
•
SNTP Server —
Specifies the time server for the DHCP client.
•
Next Server —
Specifies the IP address of the next server in the boot process of a DHCP client. If the
next server in the boot process is not configured, the DHCP Server uses inbound interface helper
addresses as boot servers.
•
Next Server Name —
Specifies the name of the next server in the boot process. The server name may
contain up to 64 characters.
•
Image File Name —
Specifies the name of the file that is used as a boot image. The file name may
contain up to 128 characters.
Excluding Addresses
By default, the DHCP Server assumes that all pool addresses may be assigned to DHCP clients. The user
can specify IP addresses that must not be used. These addresses are referred to as excluded addresses. A
single IP address or a range of IP addresses can be excluded.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 87
The Excluded Addresses page lists the excluded addresses. To open the Excluded Addresses page, click
System DHCP Server Excluded Addresses in the tree view.
Figure 6-26. Excluded Addresses
•
Start IP Address —
Displays the first IP address in the range of excluded IP addresses.
•
End IP Address —
Displays the last IP address in the range of excluded IP addresses.
Adding an Excluded Address
1
Open the
Excluded Addresses
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The Add Excluded page opens:
Figure 6-27. Add Excluded
3
Define the relevant fields.
4
Click
Apply
Changes
.
The address is excluded, and the device is updated.
Deleting Excluded Addresses
1
Open the
Excluded Addresses
page.
88 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
2
Check the
Remove
checkbox next to an address.
3
Click
Apply
Changes
. The address is deleted, and the device is updated.
Manually Allocating IP Addresses (Static Hosts)
The Static Hosts page is used to manually allocate IP addresses to network hosts. To open the Static
Hosts page, click System DHCP Server Static Hosts in the tree view.
Figure 6-28. Static Hosts
•
Host Name —
Indicates the host pool name, which can be a string of symbols and an integer (for
example, piy4). The range is up to 32 characters.
•
IP Address —
Specifies the IP address that was statically assigned to the host.
•
Network Mask —
Specifies the pool’s network mask.
•
Prefix Length —
Specifies the number of bits that comprise the address prefix.
•
Client Identifier —
A unique identification of the client specified in dotted hexadecimal notation,
e.g., 01b6.0819.6811.72.
•
MAC Address —
Specifies the MAC Address of DHCP static host.
•
Client Name —
Specifies the name of the client, using a standard set of ASCII characters. The client
name must not include the domain name. The range is up to 32 characters.
•
Default Router —
Specifies the default router for the DHCP static host.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 89
•
Domain Name Server —
Specifies the DNS server available to the DHCP client.
•
Domain Name—
Specifies
•
NetBIOS WINS Server —
Specifies the NetBIOS WINS server available to a Microsoft DHCP static
host.
•
NetBIOS Node Type —
Informs the workstation how to resolve the NetBIOS name. Valid node types
are:
–
Broadcast —
IP broadcast messages are used to register and resolve NetBIOS names to IP
addresses.
–
Peer-to-Peer —
Point-to-point communications with a NetBIOS name server are used to register
and resolve computer names to IP addresses.
–
Mixed —
A combination (mix) of b-node and p-node communications is used to register and
resolve NetBIOS names. M-node first uses b-node; then, if necessary, p-node. M-node is typically
not the best choice for larger networks because its preference for b-node broadcasts increases
network traffic.
–
Hybrid —
A hybrid combination of b-node and p-node is used. When configured to use h-node, a
computer always tries p-node first and uses b-node only if p-node fails. This is the default.
•
SNTP Server —
Specifies the time server for the DHCP static host.
•
Next Server —
Specifies the IP address of the next server in the boot process of a DHCP client.
•
Next Server Name —
Specifies the name of the next server in the boot process. The server name may
contain up to 64 characters.
•
File Name —
Specifies the name of the file that is used as a boot image. The file name may contain
up to 128 characters.
Adding a new Static Host
1
Open the
Static Hosts
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The Add Static Host page opens:
90 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 6-29. Add Static Host
3
Define the relevant fields.
4
Click
Apply
Changes
.
The static host is added, and the device is updated.
Displaying Static Hosts Tables
1
Open the
Static Hosts
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The Static Hosts Table page opens:
Figure 6-30. Static Hosts Table
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 91
Deleting Static Hosts
1
Open the
Static Hosts
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The Static Hosts Table page opens.
3
Check the
Remove
checkbox next to a static host.
4
Click
Apply
Changes
. The host is deleted, and the device is updated.
Address Binding
The Address Binding page displays a list of the DHCP server’s allocated IP addresses and each IP
address’s client identifier, lease expiration time, and allocation type. Open the Address Binding page,
click System DHCP Server Address Binding in the tree view.
Figure 6-31. Address Binding
•
IP Address
— Displays the IP addresses of the clients whose bindings are displayed.
•
Client Identifier
— A unique identification of the client specified in dotted hexadecimal notation,
e.g., 01b6.0819.6811.72.
•
Lease Expiration
— Displays the lease expiration date and time of the host’s IP address.
•
Ty p e
— Displays the manner in which the IP address was assigned to the host:
–
Static allocation
— The network administrator maps the hardware address of a host to an IP
address on the DHCP server.
–
Permanent allocation
— An IP address received through a standard request-reply mechanism is
owned by a client permanently
–
Dynamic allocation
— A network device obtains a leased IP address for a specified period of time.
The IP address is revoked at the end of this period and the switch must request another IP address.
92 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Defining Advanced Settings
The Advanced Settings page contains information for configuring general settings. Use Advanced
Settings to set miscellaneous global attributes for the device. The changes to these attributes are applied
only after the device is reset. To open the Advanced Settings page, click System Advanced Settings in
the tree view.
Configuring General Device Parameters
The General Settings page provides information for defining general device parameters.To open the
General Settings page, click System Advanced Settings General in the tree view.
Figure 6-32. General Settings
•
Attribute
— The general setting attribute.
•
Current
— The currently configured value.
•
After Reset
— The future (after reset) value.
•
Jumbo Frames
— Enables or disables the Jumbo Frames feature. Jumbo Frames enable the
transportation of identical data in fewer frames. This ensures less overhead, lower processing time, and
fewer interrupts.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 93
7
Configuring Device Switching
This section provides all system operation and general information for configuring network security,
ports, Address tables, GARP, VLANs, Spanning Tree, Port Aggregation, and Multicast Support.
Configuring Network Security
The device enables network security through both Access Control Lists and Locked Ports.
Port Based Authentication (802.1x)
Port based authentication enables authenticating system users on a per-port basis via a external
server. Only authenticated and approved system users can transmit and receive data. Ports are
authenticated via the RADIUS server using the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). Port
Authentication includes:
•
Authenticators
— Specifies the port that is authenticated before permitting system access.
•
Supplicants
— Specifies host connected to the authenticated port requesting to access the system
services.
•
Authentication Server
— Specifies the external server, for example, the RADIUS server that
performs the authentication on behalf of the authenticator, and indicates whether the user is
authorized to access system services.
Port based authentication creates two access states:
•
Controlled Access
— Permits communication between the user and the system, if the user is
authorized.
•
Uncontrolled Access
— Permits uncontrolled communication regardless of the port state.
The device currently supports Port Based Authentication via RADIUS servers.
Advanced Port Based Authentication
Advanced Port Based Authentication enables multiple hosts to be attached to a single port.
Advanced Port Based Authentication requires only one host to be authorized for all hosts to have
system access. If the port is unauthorized all attached hosts are denied access to the network.
Advanced Port Based Authentication also enables user based authentication. Specific VLANs in the
device are always available, even if specific ports attached to the VLAN are unauthorized. For
example, Voice over IP does not require authentication, while data traffic requires authentication.
VLANs for which authorization is not required can be defined. Unauthenticated VLANs are
available to users, even if the ports attached to the VLAN are defined as authorized.
94 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Advanced Port Based Authentication is implemented in the following modes:
•
Single Host Mode
— Enables only the authorized host for single-session access to the port.
•
Multiple Host Mode
— Enables multiple hosts to be attached to a single port, for single-session
access. Only one host must be authorized for all hosts to access the network. If the host authentication
fails or an EAPOL-logoff message is received, all attached clients are denied network access.
•
Multiple Session Mode
— Enables only the authorized host for multiple-session access to the port.
•
Guest VLANs
— Provides limited network access to unauthorized ports. If a port is denied network
access via port-based authorization, but the Guest VLAN is enabled, the port receives limited network
access. For example, a network administrator can use Guest VLANs to deny network access via port-
based authentication, but grant Internet access to unauthorized users.
To open the Network Security page select Switch Network Security.
Configuring Port Based Authentication
The Port Based Authentication
page
contains fields for configuring port based authentication and for
enabling Guest VLANs. To open the Port Based Authentication
page, click Switch Network Security
Port Based Authentication.
Figure 7-1. Port Based Authentication
•
Port Based Authentication State
— Permits port based authentication on the device. The possible
field values are:
–
Enable
— Enables port based authentication on the device.
–
Disable
— Disables port based authentication on the device.
•
Authentication Method
— The Authentication method used. The possible field values are:
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 95
–
None
— No authentication method is used to authenticate the port.
–
RADIUS
— Port authentication is performed using the RADIUS server.
–
RADIUS, None
— Port authentication is performed first using the RADIUS server. If the port is
not authenticated, then no authentication method is used, and the session is permitted.
•
Guest VLAN
— Specifies whether the Guest VLAN is enabled on the device. The possible field values
are:
–
Enable
— Enables using a Guest VLAN for unauthorized ports. If a Guest VLAN is enabled, the
unauthorized port automatically joins the VLAN selected in the VLAN List field.
–
Disable
— Disables . This is the default.
•
VLAN List
— When Guest VLAN is enabled, this field specifies which VLAN the guest will belong to.
•
Interface
— Contains an interface list.
•
User Name
— The user name as configured in the RADIUS server.
•
Admin Interface Control
— Defines the port authorization state. The possible field values are:
•
Current Interface Control
— The currently configured port authorization state.
•
Guest VLAN
— Specifies whether the Guest VLAN is enabled on the interface.
•
Periodic Reauthentication
— Reauthenticates the selected port periodically, when enabled. The
reauthentication period is defined in the
Reauthentication Period (300-4294967295)
field.
•
Reauthentication Period (300-4294967295)
— Indicate the time span in which the selected port is
reauthenticated. The field value is in seconds. The field default is 3600 seconds.
•
Reauthenticate Now
— Permits immediate port reauthentication, when selected.
•
Authentication Server Timeout (1-65535)
— Defines the amount of time that lapses before the
device resends a request to the authentication server. The field value is in seconds. The field default is
30 seconds.
•
Resending EAP Identity Request (30-65535)
— Defines the amount of time that lapses before EAP
request are resent. The field default is 30 seconds.
•
Quiet Period (0-65535)
— The number of seconds that the device remains in the quiet state following
a failed authentication exchange. The possible field range is 0-65535. The field default is 60 seconds.
•
Supplicant Timeout (1-65535)
— The amount of time that lapses before EAP requests are resent to
the user. The field value is in seconds. The field default is 30 seconds.
•
Max EAP Requests (1-10)
— The total amount of EAP requests sent. If a response is not received after
the defined period, the authentication process is restarted. The field default is 2 retries.
Displaying the Port Based Authentication Table
1
Display the
Port Based Authentication
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Port Based Authentication Table
opens:
96 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 7-2. Port Based Authentication Table
Termination Cause — The reason for which the port authentication was terminated.
Copy To Checkbox — Copies port parameters from one port to the selected ports.
Select All — Selects all ports in the Port Based Authentication Table.
Copying Parameters in the Port Based Authentication Table
1
Open the
Port Based Authentication
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Port Based Authentication Table
opens.
3
Select the interface in the
Copy Parameters from
field.
4
Select an interface in the
Port Based Authentication Table
.
5
Select the
Copy to
check box to define the interfaces to which the Port based authentication
parameters are copied.
6
Click
Apply Changes
.
The parameters are copied to the selected port in the
Port Based Authentication Table
, and the device
is updated.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 97
Configuring Advanced Port Based Authentication
The Multiple Hosts
page
provides information for defining advanced port based authentication settings
for specific ports. To open the Multiple Hosts, click Switch Network Security Multiple Hosts.
Figure 7-3. Multiple Hosts
•
Port
— The port number for which Advanced Port Based Authentication is enabled.
•
Host Authentication
— Defines the host authentication type. The possible fields are:
–
Single
— Enables a single authorized host for single-session access to the system.
–
Multiple Host
— Enables a single host to authorize multiple hosts for single-session access to the
system.
–
Multiple Session
— Enables a single authorized host for multiple-session access to the system.
•
Action on Single Host Violation
— Defines the action to be applied to packets arriving in single-host
mode, from a host whose MAC address is not the client (supplicant) MAC address. The
Action on
Single Host Violation
field can be defined only if the
Multiple Hosts
field is defined as
Disable
. The
possible field values are:
–
Forward
— Forwards the packets from an unknown source, however, the MAC address is not
learned.
–
Discard
— Discards the packets from any unlearned source. This is the default value.
–
Shutdown
— Discards the packet from any unlearned source and locks the port. Ports remain
locked until they are activated, or the device is reset.
•
Traps
— Enables or disables sending traps to the host if a violation occurs.
98 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
•
Trap Frequency (1-1000000) (Sec)
— Defines the time period by which traps are sent to the host. The
Trap Frequency (1-1000000)
field can be defined only if the
Multiple Hosts
field is defined as
Disable
. The default is 10 seconds.
•
Status
— The host status. The possible field values are:
–
Unauthorized
— Clients (supplicants) have full port access.
–
Authorized
— Cents (supplicants) have limited port access.
•
Number of Violations
— The number of packets that arrived on the interface in single-host mode,
from a host whose MAC address is not the client (supplicant) MAC address.
Displaying the Multiple Hosts Table
1
Open the
Multiple Hosts
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Multiple Hosts Table
opens:
Figure 7-4. Multiple Hosts Table
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 99
Authenticating Users
The Authenticated Users
page
displays user port access lists. To open the Authenticated Users
page,
click Switch Network Security Authenticated Users.
Figure 7-5. Authenticated Users
•
User Name
— List of users authorized via the RADIUS Server.
•
Port
— The port number(s) used for authentication - per user name.
•
Session Time
— The amount of time the user was logged on to the device. The field format is
Day:Hour:Minute:Seconds
, for example, 3 days: 2 hours: 4 minutes: 39 seconds.
•
Authentication Method
— The method by which the last session was authenticated. The possible
field values are:
–
Remote
— The user was authenticated from a remote server.
–
None
— The user was not authenticated.
•
MAC Address
— The client (supplicant) MAC address.
Displaying the Authenticated Users Table
1
Open the
Add User Name
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Authenticated Users Table
opens:
100 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 7-6. Authenticated Users Table
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 101
Configuring Ports
The Ports page contains links to port functionality pages including advanced features, such as Green
Ethernet, Storm Control and Port Mirroring. To open the Ports
page, click Switch Ports.
Defining Port Parameters
The Port Configuration page contains fields for defining port parameters. To open the Port
Configuration page, click Switch Ports Port Configuration in the tree view.
Figure 7-7. Port Configuration
•
Port
— The port number for which port parameters are defined.
•
Description (0-64 Characters)
— A brief interface description, such as Ethernet.
•
Port Type
— The type of port.
•
Admin Status
— Enables or disables traffic forwarding through the port. The new port status is
displayed in the
Current Port Status
field.
•
Current Port Status
— Specifies whether the port is currently operational or non-operational.
•
Operational Status
— The port operational status. Possible field values are:
102 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
–
Active
— The port is currently active and is currently receiving and transmitting traffic.
–
Disable
— The port is currently disabled, and is not currently receiving or transmitting traffic.
•
Admin Speed
— The configured rate for the port. The port type determines what speed setting
options are available. Admin speed can only be designated when auto negotiation is disabled on the
configured port.
•
Current Port Speed
— The actual currently configured port speed (bps).
•
Admin Duplex
— The port duplex mode can be either
Full
or
Half
.
Full
indicates that the interface
supports transmission between the device and its link partner in both directions simultaneously.
Half
indicates that the interface supports transmission between the device and the client in only one
direction at a time.
•
Current Duplex Mode
— The currently configured port duplex mode.
•
Auto Negotiation
— Enables Auto Negotiation on the port. Auto Negotiation is a protocol between
two link partners that enables a port to advertise its transmission rate, duplex mode and flow control
abilities to its partner.
•
Current Auto Negotiation
— The currently configured Auto Negotiation setting.
•
Admin Advertisement
— The speed that the port advertises. Options include Maximum Capacity, 10
10 MB Full-Duplex, 100 MB Half-Duplex, 100 MB Full-Duplex and 1000 MB Full-Duplex.
•
Current Advertisement
— The port advertises its speed to its neighbor port to start the negotiation
process. The possible field values are those specified in the
Admin Advertisement
field.
•
Neighbor Advertisement
— Indicates the neighboring port’s advertisement settings. The field values
are identical to the Admin Advertisement field values.
•
Back Pressure
— Enables Back Pressure mode on the port. Back Pressure mode is used with Half
Duplex mode to disable ports from receiving messages.
•
Current Back Pressure
— The currently configured Back Pressure setting.
•
Flow Control
— Enables or disables flow control or enables the auto negotiation of flow control on the
port. Operates when port is in
Full
duplex mode.
•
Current Flow Control
— The currently configured Flow Control setting.
•
MDI/MDIX
— Allows the device to decipher between crossed and uncrossed cables.
Hubs and switches are deliberately wired opposite the way end stations are wired, so that when a hub or
switch is connected to an end station, a straight through Ethernet cable can be used, and the pairs are
match up properly. When two hubs/switches are connected to each other, or two end stations are
connected to each other, a crossover cable is used ensure that the correct pairs are connected. The
possible field values are:
–
Auto
— Used to automatically detect the cable type.
–
MDI (Media Dependent Interface)
— Used for end stations.
–
MDIX (Media Dependent Interface with Crossover)
— Used for hubs and switches.
•
Current MDI/MDIX
— The currently configured device MDI/MDIX settings.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 103
•
LAG
— Specifies if the port is part of a LAG.
Defining Port Parameters
1
Open the
Port Configuration
page.
2
Select a port in the
Port
Field.
3
Define the remaining fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The port parameters are saved to the device.
Modifying Port Parameters
1
Open the
Port Configuration
page.
2
Select a port in the
Port
Field.
3
Modify the remaining
fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The port parameters are saved to the device.
Displaying the Port Configuration Table:
1
Open the
Port Configuration
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
Ports Configuration Table
opens:
Figure 7-8. Ports Configuration Table
Aggregating Ports
Load Balancing enables the even distribution of data and/or processing packets across available network
resources. For example, load balancing may distribute the incoming packets evenly to all servers, or
redirect the packets to the next available server. Load Balancing is configured on the "LAG
Configuration" on page 104 page.
104 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
LAGs can be configured according to the following load balancing types: Layer 2, Layer 2 and Layer 3 or
Layer 3.
The LAG Configuration page contains fields for configuring parameters for configured LAGs. The
device supports up to eight LAGs, and each LAG can have up to eight members.
For information about
To open the
LAG Configuration page, click SwitchPorts LAG Configuration in the tree view.
If port configuration is modified while the port is a LAG member, the configuration change is only
effective after the port is removed from the LAG.
Figure 7-9. LAG Configuration
The LAG Configuration page contains the following fields:
•
Load Balance —
Indicates the load balancing type enabled on the LAG. The possible field values are:
–
Layer 2
— Enables load balancing based on static and dynamic MAC addresses.
–
Layer 3
— Enables load balancing based on source and destination IP addresses.
–
Layer 2-3
— Enables load balancing based on static and dynamic MAC addresses, and source and
destination IP addresses.
•
LAG
— The LAG number.
•
LAG Mode
— Indicates that the LAG mode is static.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 105
•
Description
(0-64 Characters)
— Provides a user-defined description of the configured LAG.
•
LAG Type
— The port types that comprise the LAG.
•
Admin Status
— Enables or disables traffic forwarding through the selected LAG.
•
Current LAG Status
— Indicates if the LAG is currently operating.
•
Operational Status
— Operational status of the LAG.
•
Admin Auto Negotiation
— Enables or disables Auto Negotiation on the LAG. Auto-negotiation is a
protocol between two link partners that enables a LAG to advertise its transmission rate and flow
control (the flow control default is ) abilities to its partner.
•
Current Auto Negotiation
— The currently configured Auto Negotiation setting.
•
Admin Speed
— The speed at which the LAG is operating.
•
Current LAG Speed
— The currently configured speed at which the LAG is operating.
•
Admin Advertisement
— The speed that the LAG advertises. Options include Maximum Capacity,
10 MB Full-Duplex, 100 MB Full-Duplex and 1000 MB Full-Duplex.
•
Current Advertisement
— The port advertises its speed to its neighbor port to start the negotiation
process. The possible field values are those specified in the
Admin Advertisement
field.
•
Neighbor Advertisement
— Indicates the neighboring port’s advertisement settings. The field values
are identical to the Admin Advertisement field values.
•
Admin Flow Control
— Enables/disables flow control, or enables the auto negotiation of flow control
on the LAG.
•
Current Flow Control
— The .
Defining LAG Parameters
1
Open the
LAG Configuration
page.
2
Select a LAG in the
LAG
field.
3
Define the fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The LAG parameters are saved to the device.
Modifying LAG Parameters
1
Open the
LAG Configuration
page.
2
Select a LAG in the
LAG
field.
3
Modify the fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The LAG parameters are saved to the device.
106 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Displaying the LAG Configuration Table:
1
Open the
LAG Configuration
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
LAG Configuration Table
opens:
Figure 7-10. LAG Configuration Table
Configuring Green Ethernet
Green Ethernet, also known as Energy Efficient Ethernet, is an effort to make networking equipment
environmentally friendly, specifically by reducing power usage of Ethernet connections. The following
methods are supported by the device:
•
Energy-Detect
— Auto-detection of inactivity on a port, and subsequent turning down of transmit
power. It may take about 1 second for the cable to power-up when it becomes active again.
•
Short-Reach
— Reduction of power over Ethernet cables shorter than 40m. The cable length is
detected automatically with an accuracy of +/- 10m.
These methods are relevant for copper cables only, and are incompatible with fiber cable or when the link
is set to auto-selection of copper/fiber.
The short-reach method is only for a link established at 1 Gigabyte, and is not compatible with Fast
Ethernet.
To open the Green Ethernet Configuration page, click Switch Ports Green Ethernet Configuration
in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 107
Figure 7-11. Green Ethernet Configuration
•
Cumulative Energy Saved
— The total amount of energy saved since the last reset. This amount is
equal to the saved power multiplied by the time period in hours.
–
Reset
— Click to set the Cumulative Power Saved counter back to 0.
•
— Indicates whether the Energy-Detect saving mode is on or off for the device ports.
•
Link Short-Reach Energy Mode
— Indicates whether the Short-Reach energy saving mode is on or off
for the device ports.
•
Current Power Consumption
— The power currently consumed by all ports (including both those
with links up and links down).
•
Power Saving
— The percentage of power saved. For example, a Power Saving value of % indicates that
just % of the power that would normally be used (without Green Ethernet) is currently being used.
The Green Ethernet Ports Table includes the following port energy saving information:
•
Port
— Indicates the port.
•
Energy-Detect
— The status of the Energy-Detect mode on the link:
–
Admin
— Whether the Energy-Detect has been enabled for the port.
108 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
–
Oper
— Whether Energy-Detect is currently in force for the port.
–
Reason
— If Admin indicates that Energy-Detect is enabled and Oper indicates it is not in force,
this column gives the reason. Reasons may include that the Link Type is not supported, or that the
Port Link is up.
•
Short-Reach
— The status of the Short-Reach mode on the link:
–
Admin
— Whether the Short-Reach has been enabled for the port.
–
Oper
— Whether Short-Reach is currently in force for the port.
–
Reason
— If Admin indicates that Short-Reach is enabled and Oper indicates it is not in force,
this column gives the reason. Reasons may include that the Link Type is not supported, that the
Link Speed is not supported (is fast Ethernet and therefore its cable length cannot be determined
by VCT; cable length can be determined on Giga ports only), or that the Port Link is down.
•
Cable Length
— The automatically-detected length of the cable.
Enabling Green Ethernet on the Device
1
Open the
Green Ethernet Configuration
page.
2
Enable the desired energy saving methods.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
Green Ethernet is enabled on the device.
Enabling Storm Control
A Broadcast Storm is a result of an excessive amount of broadcast messages simultaneously transmitted
across a network by a single port. Forwarded message responses are heaped onto the network, straining
network resources or causing the network to time out.
The system measures the incoming Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast frame rate separately on each port,
and discard frames when the rate exceeds a user-defined rate.
The Storm Control page provides fields for enabling and configuring Storm Control. To open the Storm
Control page, click Switch Ports Storm Control in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 109
Figure 7-12. Storm Control
•
Port
— The port from which storm control is enabled.
•
Broadcast Control
— Enables or disables forwarding broadcast packet types on the device.
•
Mode
— Specifies the Broadcast mode currently enabled on the device. The possible field value are:
–
Unknown Unicast, Multicast & Broadcast
—
Counts unknown Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast
traffic.
–
Multicast & Broadcast
—
Counts Broadcast and Multicast traffic together.
–
Broadcast Only
—
Counts only Broadcast traffic.
•
Rate Threshold
(3.5-1000M)
— The maximum rate (/Sec) at which packets are forwarded.
The range
is 3.5-1000M.
Enabling Storm Control on the Device
1
Open the
Storm Control
page.
2
Select an interface on which to implement storm control.
3
Define the fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The Storm Control is enabled on the device.
Displaying the Storm Control Table
1
Open the
Storm Control
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
Storm Control Table
opens:
110 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 7-13. Storm Control Table
Defining Port Mirroring Sessions
Port mirroring monitors and mirrors network traffic by forwarding copies of incoming and outgoing
packets from one port to a monitoring port.
Port mirroring is configured by selecting a specific port to copy all packets, and different ports from
which the packets copied. Before configuring Port Mirroring, note the following:
When a port is set to be a target port for a port-mirroring session, all normal operations on it are
suspended. This includes Spanning Tree.
Before configuring Port Mirroring, note the following:
• Monitored port cannot operate faster than the monitoring port.
• All the RX/TX packets should be monitored to the same port.
The following restrictions apply to ports configured to be destination ports:
• Destination ports cannot be configured as a source port.
• Destination ports cannot be a LAG member.
• IP interfaces are not configured on the port.
• GVRP is not enabled on the port.
• The port is not a VLAN member.
• Only one destination port can be defined.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 111
The following restrictions apply to ports configured to be source ports:
• Source ports cannot be a LAG member.
• Source ports cannot be configured as a destination port.
• All packets are transmitted tagged from the destination port.
• Monitored all RX/TX packets to the same port.
To open the Port Mirroring page, click Switch Ports Port Mirroring in the tree view.
Figure 7-14. Port Mirroring
•
Destination Port
— The port number to which port traffic is copied.
•
Source Port
— Defines the port number from which port traffic is mirrored.
•
Ty p e
— Indicates if the source port is RX, TX, or both RX and TX.
•
Status
— Indicates if the port is currently monitored (
Active
) or not monitored (
Ready
).
•
Remove
— When selected, removes the port mirroring session.
Adding a Port Mirroring Session
1
Open the
Port Mirroring
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The
Add Source Port
page opens.
3
Select the destination port from the
Destination Port
drop-down menu.
4
Select the source port from the
Source Port
drop-down menu.
112 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
5
Define the
Ty p e
field.
6
Click
Apply Changes
.
The new source port is defined, and the device is updated.
Deleting a Copy Port from a Port Mirroring Session
1
Open the
Port Mirroring
page.
2
Select the
Remove
check box.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The selected port mirroring session is deleted, and the device is updated.
Configuring Address Tables
MAC addresses are stored in the Dynamic Address database. A packet addressed to a destination stored
in the database is forwarded immediately to the port. The Dynamic Address Table can be sorted by
interface, VLAN, and interface type. MAC addresses are dynamically learned as packets from sources
arrive at the device. Addresses are associated with ports by learning the ports from the frame’s source
address. Frames addressed to a destination MAC address that is not associated with any port are flooded
to all ports of the relevant VLAN. In order to prevent the bridging table from overflowing, dynamic MAC
addresses, from which no traffic is seen for a certain period, are erased. To open the Address Tables page,
click Switch Address Table in the tree view.
Viewing Dynamic Addresses
The Dynamic Address Table contains fields for querying information in the
dynamic address table,
including the interface type, MAC addresses, VLAN, and table sorting. Packets forwarded to an address
stored in the address table are forwarded directly to those ports.
The
Dynamic Address Table also contains information about the aging time before a dynamic MAC
address is erased, and includes parameters for querying and viewing the Dynamic Address list. The
Current Address Table contains dynamic address parameters by which packets are directly forwarded to
the ports.
To open the Dynamic Address Table, click Switch Address Table Dynamic Addresses Table in the
tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 113
Figure 7-15. Dynamic Address Table
•
Address Aging (10-630)
— Specifies the amount of time the MAC Address remains in the
Dynamic
Address Table
before it is timed out if no traffic from the source is detected. The default value is
300 seconds.
•
Interface
— Specifies the interface for which the table is queried. There are two interface types from
which to select.
–
Port
— Specifies the port numbers for which the table is queried.
–
LAG
— Specifies the LAG for which the table is queried.
•
MAC Address
— Specifies the MAC address for which the table is queried.
•
VLAN ID
— Specifies the VLAN ID for which the table is queried.
•
Address Table Sort Key
— Specifies the means by which the Dynamic Address Table is sorted.
Redefining the Aging Time
1
Open the
Dynamic Address Table
.
2
Define the
Aging Time
field.
3
Click Apply Changes.
The aging time is modified, and the device is updated.
114 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Querying the Dynamic Address Table
1
Open the
Dynamic Address Table
.
2
Define the parameter by which to query the
Dynamic Address Table
.
Entries can be queried by
Port
,
MAC Address
, or
VLAN ID
.
3
Click
Query
.
The
Dynamic Address Table
is queried.
Sorting the Dynamic Address Table
1
Open the
Dynamic Address Table
.
2
From the
Address Table Sort Key
drop-down menu, select whether to sort addresses by address, VLAN
ID, or interface.
3
Click
Query
.
The
Dynamic Address Table
is sorted.
Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) provides tree topography for any arrangement of bridges. STP also
provides one path between end stations on a network, eliminating loops.
Loops occur when alternate paths exist between hosts. Loops in an extended network can cause bridges
to forward traffic indefinitely, resulting in increased traffic and reducing network efficiency.
The devices support the following Spanning Tree protocols:
•
Classic STP
— Provides a single path between end stations, avoiding and eliminating loops. For more
information on configuring Classic STP, see "Defining STP Global Settings" on page 114.
•
Rapid STP
— Detects and uses of network topologies that provide faster spanning tree convergence,
without creating forwarding loops. For more information on configuring Rapid STP, see "Configuring
Rapid Spanning Tree" on page 122.
To open the Spanning Tree
pages, click Switch Spanning Tree in the tree view.
Defining STP Global Settings
The STP Global Settings page contains parameters for enabling and configuring STP operation on the
device. To open the STP Global Settings page, click Switch Spanning Tree Global Settings in the
tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 115
Figure 7-16. STP Global Settings
•
Spanning Tree State
— Enables or disables Spanning Tree on the device. The possible field values are:
–
Enable
— Enables Spanning Tree
–
Disable
— Disables Spanning Tree
•
STP Operation Mode
— The STP mode by which STP is enabled on the device. The possible field
values are:
–
Classic STP
— Enables Classic STP on the device. This is the default value.
–
Rapid STP
— Enables Rapid STP on the device.
•
BPDU Handling
— Determines how BPDU packets are managed when STP is disabled on the port/
device. BPDUs are used to transmit spanning tree information. The possible field values are:
–
Filtering
— Filters BPDU packets when spanning tree is disabled on an interface.
–
Flooding
— Floods BPDU packets when spanning tree is disabled on an interface. This is the
default value.
•
Port Cost Default Values
— Determines the Spanning Tree default path cost method. The possible
field values are:
–
Short
— Specifies 1 through 65535 range for port path costs. This is the default value.
–
Long
— Specifies 1 through 200000000 range for port path costs.
116 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
•
Priority (0-61440 in steps of 4096)
— Specifies the bridge priority value. When switches or bridges are
running STP, each is assigned a priority. After exchanging BPDUs, the switch with the lowest priority
value becomes the Root Bridge. The default value is 32768. The bridge priority value is provided in
increments of 4096 (4K increments). For example, 0, 4096, 8192, etc.
•
Hello Time (1-10)
— Specifies the device Hello Time. The Hello Time indicates the amount of time
in seconds a root bridge waits between configuration messages. The default is 2 seconds.
•
Max Age (6-40
) — Specifies the device Maximum Age Time. The Maximum Age Time indicates the
amount of time in seconds a bridge waits before sending configuration messages. The default max age
is 20 seconds.
•
Forward Delay (4-30)
— Specifies the device forward delay time. The Forward Delay Time indicates
the amount of time in seconds a bridge remains in a listening and learning state before forwarding
packets. The default is 15 seconds.
•
Bridge ID
— Identifies the Bridge priority and MAC address.
•
Root Bridge ID
— Identifies the Root Bridge priority and MAC address.
•
Root Port
— The port number that offers the lowest cost path from this bridge to the Root Bridge. It is
significant when the Bridge is not the Root. The default is zero.
•
Root Path Cost
— The cost of the path from this bridge to the root.
•
Topology Changes Counts
— Specifies the total amount of STP state changes that have occurred
since the last reboot.
•
Last Topology Change
— The amount of time that has elapsed since the bridge was initialized or
reset, and the last topographic change occurred. The time is displayed in a day hour minute second
format, for example, 0 day 1 hour 34 minutes and 38 seconds.
Defining STP Global Parameters
1
Open the
STP Global Settings
page.
2
Select the port that needs to be enabled from the
Select a Port
drop-down menu.
3
Select
Enable
in the
Spanning Tree State
field.
4
Select the
STP
mode in the
STP Operation Mode
field, and define the bridge settings.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
STP is enabled on the device.
Modifying STP Global Parameters
1
Open the
STP Global Settings
page.
2
Define the fields in the dialog.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The STP parameters are modified, and the device is updated.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 117
Defining STP Port Settings
The STP Port Settings page contains fields for assigning STP properties to individual ports. To open the
STP Port Settings page, click Switch Spanning Tree Port Settings in the tree view.
Figure 7-17. STP Port Settings
•
Select a Port
— Port on which STP is enabled.
•
STP
— Enables or disables STP on the port.
•
Fast Link
— When selected, enables Fast Link mode for the port. If Fast Link mode is enabled for a
port, the
Port State
is automatically placed in the
Forwarding
state
when the port link is up. Fast Link
mode optimizes the time it takes for the STP protocol to converge. STP convergence can take 30-60
seconds in large networks.
•
Root Guard
— When checked, prevents devices outside the network core from being assigned the
spanning tree root.
118 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
•
Port State
— The current port STP state. If enabled, the port state determines what forwarding action
is taken on traffic. Possible port states are:
–
Disabled
— The port link is currently down.
–
Blocking
— The port is currently blocked and cannot be used to forward traffic or learn MAC
addresses. Blocking is displayed when Classic STP is enabled.
–
Listening
— The port is currently in the listening mode. The port cannot forward traffic nor can it
learn MAC addresses.
–
Learning
— The port is currently in the learning mode. The port cannot forward traffic however it
can learn new MAC addresses.
–
Forwarding
— The port is currently in the forwarding mode. The port can forward traffic and learn
new MAC addresses.
•
Role
— Displays the port role assigned by the STP algorithm to provide to STP paths. The possible
field values are:
–
Root
— Provides the lowest cost path to forward packets to the root switch.
–
Designated
— Indicates the port or LAG through which the designated switch is attached to the
LAN.
–
Alternate
— Provides an alternate path to the root switch from the root interface.
–
Backup
— Provides a backup path to the designated port path toward the Spanning Tree leaves.
Backup ports occur only when two ports are connected in a loop by a point-to-point link, or when a
LAN has two or more connections connected to a shared segment.
–
Disabled
— The port is not participating in the Spanning Tree.
•
Speed
— Speed at which the port is operating.
•
Path Cost (1-200000000)
— The port contribution to the root path cost. The path cost is adjusted to
a higher or lower value, and is used to forward traffic when a path being rerouted.
•
Default Path Cost
— The default path cost of the port is automatically set by the port speed and the
default path cost method.
The default values for long path costs are:
–
Ethernet
- 2000000
–
Fast Ethernet
- 200000
–
Gigabit Ethernet
- 20000
The default values for short path costs (short path costs are the default) are:
–
Ethernet
- 100
–
Fast Ethernet
- 19
–
Gigabit Ethernet
- 4
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 119
•
Priority
— The priority value of the port. The priority value influences the port choice when a bridge
has two ports connected in a loop. The priority value is between 0-240. The priority value is provided in
increments of 16.
•
Designated Bridge ID
— The bridge priority and the MAC Address of the designated bridge.
•
Designated Port ID
— The selected port’s priority and interface.
•
Designated Cost
— The cost of the port participating in the STP topology. Ports with a lower cost are
less likely to be blocked if STP detects loops.
•
Forward Transitions
— The number of times the port has changed from the
Blocking
state to the
Forwarding
state.
•
LAG
— The LAG to which the port is attached.
Enabling STP on a Port
1
Open the
STP Port Settings
page.
2
Select
Enabled
in the
STP Port Status
field.
3
Define the
Fast Link
,
Path Cost
, and the
Priority
fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
STP is enabled on the port.
Modifying STP Port Properties
1
Open the
STP Port Settings
page.
2
Modify the
Priority
,
Fast Link
,
Path Cost
, and the
Fast Link
fields.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The STP port parameters are modified, and the device is updated.
Displaying the STP Port Table
1
Open the
STP Port Settings
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
STP Port Table
opens.
120 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Defining STP LAG Settings
The STP LAG Settings page contains fields for assigning STP aggregating port parameters. To open the
STP LAG Settings page, click Switch Spanning Tree LAG Settings in the tree view.
Figure 7-18. STP LAG Settings
•
Select a LAG
— The user-defined LAG. For more information, see "Defining LAG Membership" on
page 132.
•
STP
— Enables or disables STP on the LAG.
•
Fast Link
— Enables Fast Link mode for the LAG. If Fast Link mode is enabled for a LAG, the
LAG
State
is automatically placed in the
Forwarding
state
when the LAG is up. Fast Link mode optimizes
the time it takes for the STP protocol to converge. STP convergence can take 30-60 seconds in large
networks.
•
Root Guard —
When checked, prevents devices outside the network core from being assigned the
spanning tree root.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 121
•
LAG State
— Current STP state of a LAG. If enabled, the LAG state determines what forwarding
action is taken on traffic. If the bridge discovers a malfunctioning LAG, the LAG is placed in the
Broken
state. Possible LAG states are:
–
Disabled
— The LAG link is currently down.
–
Blocking
— The LAG is blocked and cannot be used to forward traffic or learn MAC addresses.
–
Listening
— The LAG is in the listening mode and cannot forward traffic or learn MAC addresses.
–
Learning
— The LAG is in the learning mode and cannot forward traffic, but it can learn new
MAC addresses.
–
Forwarding
— The LAG is currently in the forwarding mode, and it can forward traffic and learn
new MAC addresses.
–
Broken
— The LAG is currently malfunctioning and cannot be used for forwarding traffic.
•
Role
— Displays the port role assigned by the STP algorithm to provide to STP paths. The possible
field values are:
–
Root
— Provides the lowest cost path to forward packets to the root switch.
–
Designated
— Indicates the port or LAG through which the designated switch is attached to the
LAN.
–
Alternate
— Provides an alternate path to the root switch from the root interface.
–
Backup
— Provides a backup path to the designated port path toward the Spanning Tree leaves.
Backup ports occur only when two ports are connected in a loop by a point-to-point link, or when a
LAN has two or more connections connected to a shared segment.
–
Disabled
— The port is not participating in the Spanning Tree.
•
Path Cost (1-200000000)
— Amount the LAG contributes to the root path cost. The path cost is
adjusted to a higher or lower value, and is used to forward traffic when a path being rerouted. The path
cost has a value of 1 to 200000000. If the path cost method is short, the LAG cost default value is 4. If
the path cost method is long, the LAG cost default value is 20000.
•
Default Path Cost
— When selected, the LAG path cost returns to its default value.
•
Priority
— The priority value of the LAG. The priority value influences the LAG choice when a bridge
has two looped ports. The priority value is between 0-240, in increments of 16.
•
Designated Bridge ID
— The bridge priority and the MAC Address of the designated bridge.
•
Designated Port
ID
— The port priority and interface number of the designated port.
•
Designated Cost
— The cost of the designated bridge.
•
Forward Transitions
— The number of times the
LAG State
has changed from the
Blocking
state to a
Forwarding
state.
122 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Modifying the LAG STP Parameters
1
Open the
STP LAG Settings
page.
2
Select a LAG from the
Select a LAG
drop-down menu.
3
Modify the fields as desired.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The STP LAG parameters are modified, and the device is updated.
Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree
While Classic Spanning Tree guarantees preventing L2 forwarding loops in a general network topology,
convergence can take up to 30-60 seconds. The convergence time is considered too long for many
applications. When network topology allows, faster convergence may be possible. The
Rapid Spanning
Tree Protocol (RSTP) detects and uses of network topologies that provide faster convergence of the
spanning tree, without creating forwarding loops.
RSTP has the following port states:
•Disabled
•Learning
• Discarding
•Forwarding
Rapid Spanning Tree is enabled on the STP Global Settings page. To open the Rapid Spanning Tree
(RSTP) page, click Switch Spanning Tree Rapid Spanning Tree in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 123
Figure 7-19. Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP)
•
Interface
— Port or LAG on which Rapid STP is enabled.
•
Role
— The port role assigned by the STP algorithm in order to provide to STP paths. The possible
field values are:
–
Root
— Provides the lowest cost path to forward packets to root device.
–
Designated
— The port or LAG via which the designated device is attached to the LAN.
–
Alternate
— Provides an alternate path to the root device from the root interface.
–
Backup
— Provides a backup path to the designated port path toward the Spanning Tree leaves.
Backup ports occur only when two ports are connected in a loop. Backup ports also occur when a
LAN has two or more connections connected to a shared segment.
–
Disabled
— The port is not participating in the Spanning Tree (the port’s link is down).
•
Mode
— Displays the STP mode by which STP is enabled on the device. The possible field values are:
–
Classic STP
— Enables Classic STP on the device. This is the default value.
–
Rapid STP
— Enables Rapid STP on the device.
•
Fast Link Operational Status
— Indicates if Fast Link is enabled or disabled for the port or LAG. If
Fast Link is enabled for a port, the port is automatically placed in the forwarding state.
Enabling RSTP
1
Open the
Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP)
page.
2
Define the
Point-to-Point Admin
,
Point-to-Point Oper
, and the
Activate Protocol Migration
fields.
124 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
Rapid STP is enabled, and the device is updated.
Configuring VLANs
VLANs are logical subgroups of a Local Area Network (LAN) created via software rather than defining a
hardware solution. VLANs combine user stations and network devices into a single domain regardless of
the physical LAN segment to which they are attached. VLANs allow network traffic to flow more
efficiently within subgroups. VLANs managed through software reduces the amount of time in which
network changes are implemented.
VLANs have no minimum number of ports, and can be created per device or any other logical
connection combination, as VLANs are software based and not defined by physical attributes.
VLANs function at Layer 2. Since VLANs isolate traffic within the VLAN, a Layer 3 router functioning
router is needed to allows traffic flow between VLANs. Layer 3 routers identify segments and coordinate
with VLANs. VLANs are broadcast and Multicast domains. Broadcast and Multicast traffic is transmitted
only in the VLAN in which the traffic is generated.
VLAN tagging provides a method of transferring VLAN information between VLAN groups. VLAN
tagging attaches a tag to packet headers. The VLAN tag indicates to which VLAN the packet belongs.
VLAN tags are attached to the packet by either the end station or by the network device. VLAN tags also
contains VLAN network priority information. Combining VLANs and GVRP enables the automatic
dispersal of VLAN information. To open the VLAN page, click SwitchVLAN in the tree view.
Defining VLAN Members
The VLAN Membership page contains fields for defining . The device supports VLANs. All ports must
have a defined PVID. If no other value is configured the default VLAN PVID is used. VLAN number 1 is
the default VLAN, and cannot be deleted from the system. To open the VLAN Membership page, click
Switch VLAN VLAN Membership in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 125
Figure 7-20. VLAN Membership
•
Show VLAN
— Lists and displays specific VLAN information according to VLAN ID or VLAN name.
•
VLAN Name
— The user-defined VLAN name.
•
Unauthorized Users
— Enables or disables unauthorized users from accessing a VLAN.
•
Remove VLAN
— When selected, removes the VLAN from the VLAN Membership Table.
Adding New VLANs
1
Open the
VLAN Membership
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The
Create New VLAN
page opens.
126 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 7-21. Create New VLAN
3
Enter the VLAN ID and name.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The new VLAN is added, and the device is updated.
Modifying VLAN Membership Groups
1
Open the
VLAN Membership
page.
2
Select a VLAN from the
Show VLAN
drop-down menu.
3
Modify the fields as desired.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The VLAN membership information is modified, and the device is updated.
Deleting VLAN Membership Groups
1
Open the
VLAN Membership
page.
2
Select a VLAN in the
Show VLAN
field.
3
Select the
Remove VLAN
check box.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The selected VLAN is deleted, and the device is updated.
VLAN Port Membership Table
The VLAN Port Membership Table contains a Port Table for assigning ports to VLANs. Ports are
assigned VLAN membership by toggling through the Port Control settings. Ports can have the following
values:
Table 7-1. VLAN Port Membership Table
Port Control Definition
TThe interface is a member of a VLAN. All packets forwarded by the interface are tagged. The
packets contain VLAN information.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 127
The VLAN Port Membership Table
displays the ports and the ports states, as well as LAGs. Ports which
are LAG members are not displayed in the VLAN Port Membership Table.
Assigning Ports to a VLAN Group
1
Open the
VLAN Membership
page.
2
Click the
VLAN ID
or
VLAN Name
option button and select a VLAN from the drop-down menu.
3
Select a port in the
Port Membership Table
, and assign the port a value.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The port is assigned to the VLAN group, and the device is updated.
Deleting a VLAN
1
Open the
VLAN Membership
page.
2
Click the
VLAN ID
or
VLAN Name
option button and select a VLAN from the drop-down menu.
3
Select the
Remove VLAN
check box.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The selected VLAN is deleted, and the device is updated.
UThe interface is a VLAN member. Packets forwarded by the interface are untagged.
FThe interface is denied membership to a VLAN.
Blank The interface is not a VLAN member. Packets associated with the interface are not
forwarded.
Table 7-1. VLAN Port Membership Table
Port Control Definition
128 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Defining VLAN Ports Settings
The VLAN Port Settings page contains fields for managing ports that are part of a VLAN. The port
default VLAN ID (PVID) is configured on the VLAN Port Settings page. All untagged packets arriving to
the device are tagged by the ports PVID.
To open the VLAN Port Settings page, click SwitchVLANPort Settings in the tree view.
Figure 7-22. VLAN Port Settings
•
Port
— The port number included in the VLAN.
•
PVID (1-4095)
— Assigns a VLA N ID to untagged packets. The possible values are 1-4094. VLAN
4095 is defined as per standard and industry practice as the discard VLAN. Packets classified to the
Discard VLAN are dropped.
•
Frame Type
— Packet type accepted on the port. Possible values are:
–
Admit Tag Only
— Only tagged packets are accepted on the port.
–
Admit All
— Both tagged and untagged packets are accepted on the port.
•
Ingress Filtering
— Enables or disables Ingress filtering on the port. Ingress filtering discards packets
that are destined to VLANs of which the specific is not a member.
Assigning Port Settings
1
Open the
VLAN Port Settings
page.
2
Select the port to which settings need to be assigned from the
Port
drop-down menu.
3
Complete the remaining fields on the page
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 129
The VLAN port settings are defined, and the device is updated.
Displaying the VLAN Port Table
1
Open the
VLAN Port Settings
page.
2
Click
Show All.
The
VLAN Port Table
opens.
Figure 7-23. VLAN Port Table
Defining VLAN LAG Settings
The
VLAN LAG Setting page provides parameters for managing LAGs that are part of a VLAN. VLANs
can either be composed of individual ports or of LAGs. Untagged packets entering the device are tagged
with the LAGs ID specified by the PVID. To open the VLAN LAG Setting page, click Switch
VLAN LAG Settings in the tree view.
130 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Figure 7-24. VLAN LAG Setting
•
LAG
— The LAG number included in the VLAN.
•
PVID
— Assigns a VLAN ID to untagged packets. The possible field values are 1-4095. VLAN 4095 is
defined as per standard and industry practice, as the Discard VLAN. Packets classified to this VLAN are
dropped.
•
Frame Type
— Packet type accepted by the LAG. Possible values are:
–
Admit Tag Only
— Only tagged packets are accepted by the LAG.
–
Admit All
— Tagged and untagged packets are both accepted by the LAG.
•
Ingress Filtering
— Enables or disables Ingress filtering by the LAG. Ingress filtering discards packets
that are destined to VLANs of which the specific is not a member.
Assigning VLAN LAG Settings:
1
Open the
VLAN LAG Setting
page.
2
Select a LAG from the
LAG
drop-down menu and complete the fields on the page.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The VLAN LAG parameters are defined, and the device is updated.
Displaying the VLAN LAG Table
1
Open the
VLAN LAG Setting
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
VLAN LAG Table
opens.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 131
Aggregating Ports
Port Aggregation optimizes port usage by linking a group of ports together to form a single
Link
Aggregated Group
(LAG). Port Aggregation multiplies the bandwidth between the devices, increases
port flexibility, and provides link redundancy. The device supports up to eight LAGs, and each LAG can
have up to eight members.
Each LAG is composed of ports of the same speed, set to full-duplex operations. Ports in a LAG can be of
different media types (UTP/Fiber, or different fiber types), provided they operate at the same speed.
The device provides LAG Load Balancing based on both source MAC addresses and destination MAC
addresses.
Aggregated Links are treated by the system as a single logical port. Specifically, the Aggregated Link has
similar port attributes to a non-aggregated port, including auto-negotiation, speed, etc.
The following guidelines should be followed when adding ports to a LAG:
• There is no Layer 3 interface defined on the port.
• The port does not belong to any VLAN.
• The port does not belong to any other LAG.
• The port is not a mirrored port.
• The port's 802.1p priority is equal to LAGs 802.1p priority.
• QoS Trust is not disabled on the port.
•GVRP is not enabled.
The device uses a hash function to determine which frames are carried on which aggregated-link
member. The hash function statistically load-balances the aggregated link members. The device
considers an Aggregated Link as a single logical port.
Each Aggregated Link has an Aggregated Link Port Type, including Gigabit Ethernet ports. Ports can be
added to an Aggregated Link only if they are the same port type. When ports are removed from an
Aggregated Links, the ports revert to the original port settings. To open the Link Aggregation page, click
Switch Link Aggregation in the tree view.
132 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Defining LAG Membership
The LAG Membership
page contains fields for assigning ports to LAGs. LAGs can include up to eight
ports. When a port is added to a LAG, the port acquires the LAG’s properties. If the port cannot be
configured with the LAG properties, a trap is generated and the port operates with its default settings.
The LAG Membership
page contains fields for assigning ports to LAGs. To open the LAG Membership
page, click Switch Link Aggregation LAG Membership in the tree view.
Figure 7-25. LAG Membership
•
LAG
— Adds a port to a LAG, and indicates the specific LAG to which the port belongs.
Configuring a Port to a LAG
1
Open the
LAG Membership
page.
2
In the LAG row (the second row), toggle the button to a specific number to aggregate to or remove the
port from that LAG number.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The port is added to the LAG, and the device is updated.
Multicast Forwarding Support
Multicast forwarding allows a single packet to be forwarded to multiple destinations. L2 Multicast service
is based on L2 switch receiving a single packet addressed to a specific Multicast address. Multicast
forwarding creates copies of the packet, and transmits the packets to the relevant ports.
To open the Multicast Support
page, click Switch Multicast Support in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 133
Defining Multicast Global Parameters
Layer 2 switching forwards Multicast packets to all relevant VLAN ports by default, treating the packet as
a Multicast transmission. While this is functional, in the sense that all relevant ports/nodes receive a
copy of the frame, it is potentially wasteful as ports/nodes may receive irrelevant frames only needed by a
subset of the ports of that VLAN. Multicast forwarding filters enable forwarding of Layer 2 packets to
port subsets, defined in the Multicast filter database.
When IGMP snooping is enabled globally, the switching ASIC is programmed to forward all IGMP
packets to the CPU. The CPU analyzes the incoming packets and determines which ports are to join
which Multicast groups, which ports have Multicast routers generating IGMP queries, and what routing
protocols are forwarding packets and Multicast traffic. Ports requesting to join a specific Multicast group
issues an IGMP report specifying that Multicast group. This results in the creation of the Multicast
filtering database.
The Multicast Global Parameters page contains fields for enabling Bridge Multicast Filtering and IGMP
Snooping on the device. To open the Multicast Global Parameters page, click Switch Multicast
Support Global Parameters in the tree view.
Figure 7-26. Multicast Global Parameters
•
Bridge Multicast Filtering
— Enables or disables bridge Multicast filtering. Disabled is the default
value. IGMP Snooping can be enabled only if
Bridge Multicast Filtering
is enabled.
•
IGMP Snooping Status
— Enables or disables IGMP Snooping on the device. Disabled is the default
value.
Enabling Bridge Multicast Filtering on the Device
1
Open the
Multicast Global Parameters
page.
2
Select
Enable
in the
Bridge Multicast Filtering
field.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
Bridge Multicast
is enabled on the device.
134 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Enabling IGMP Snooping on the Device
1
Open the
Multicast Global Parameters
page.
2
Select
Enable
in the
IGMP Snooping Status
field.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
IGMP Snooping is enabled on the device.
Adding Bridge Multicast Address Members
The
Bridge Multicast Group
page
displays the ports and LAGs attached to the Multicast service group
in the Ports and LAGs tables. The Port and LAG tables also reflect the manner in which the port or
LAGs joined the Multicast group. Ports can be added either to existing groups or to new Multicast
service groups. The Bridge Multicast Group
page
permits new Multicast service groups to be created.
The
Bridge Multicast Group
page
also
assigns ports to a specific Multicast service address group.
To open the Bridge Multicast Group
page, click Switch Multicast Support Bridge Multicast
Group in the tree view.
Figure 7-27. Bridge Multicast Group
•
VLAN ID
— Identifies a VLAN and contains information about the Multicast group address.
•
Bridge Multicast Address
— Identifies the Multicast group MAC address/IP address.
•
Remove
— When selected, removes a Bridge Multicast address.
•
Ports
— Port that can be added to a Multicast service.
•
LAGs
— LAGs that can be added to a Multicast service.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 135
The following table contains the IGMP port and LAG members management settings:
Adding Bridge Multicast Addresses
1
Open the
Bridge Multicast Group
page.
2
Click
Add
.
The
Add Bridge Multicast Group
page opens:
Figure 7-28. Add Bridge Multicast Group
3
Define the
VLAN ID
and
New Bridge Multicast Address
fields.
4
Toggle a port to
S
to join the port to the selected Multicast group.
5
Toggle a port to
F
to forbid adding specific Multicast addresses to a specific port.
D The port/LAG has joined the Multicast group
dynamically in the Current Row.
F The port/LAG is excluded from this Multicast
group.
S Attaches the port to the Multicast group as
static member in the Static Row.
The port/LAG has joined the Multicast group
statically in the Current Row.
Blank The port is not attached to a Multicast group.
136 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
6
Click
Apply Changes
.
The bridge Multicast address is assigned to the Multicast group, and the device is updated.
Defining Ports to Receive Multicast Service
1
Open the
Bridge Multicast Group
page.
2
Define the
VLAN ID
and the
Bridge Multicast Address
fields.
3
Toggle a port to
S
to join the port to the selected Multicast group.
4
Toggle a port to
F
to forbid adding specific Multicast addresses to a specific port.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
The port is assigned to the Multicast group, and the device is updated.
Assigning LAGs to Receive Multicast Service
1
Open the
Bridge Multicast Group
page.
2
Define the
VLAN ID
and the
Bridge Multicast Address
fields.
3
Toggle the LAG to
S
to join the LAG to the selected Multicast group.
4
Toggle the LAG to
F
to forbid adding specific Multicast addresses to a specific LAG.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
The LAG is assigned to the Multicast group, and the device is updated.
Assigning Multicast Forward All Parameters
The Bridge Multicast Forward All page contains fields for attaching ports or LAGs to a device that is
attached to a neighboring Multicast router/switch. Once IGMP Snooping is enabled, Multicast packets
are forwarded to the appropriate port or VLAN.
To open the Bridge Multicast Forward All page, click Switch Multicast Support Bridge Multicast
Forward All page in the tree view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 137
Figure 7-29. Bridge Multicast Forward All
•
VLAN ID
— Identifies a VLAN.
•
Ports
— Ports that can be added to a Multicast service.
•
LAGs
— LAGs that can be added to a Multicast service.
The contains the settings for managing router and port settings.
Port Control Definition
F The port/LAG is excluded from this Multicast
group.
S Attaches the port to the Multicast router or
switch as a static port.
Blank The port is not attached to a Multicast router or
switch.
138 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Attaching a Port to a Multicast Router or Switch
1
Open
Bridge Multicast Forward All
page.
2
Define the
VLAN ID
field.
3
Select a port in the
Ports
table, and assign the port a value.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The port is attached to the Multicast router or switch.
Attaching a LAG to a Multicast Router or Switch
1
Open
Bridge Multicast Forward All
page.
2
Define the
VLAN ID
field.
3
Select a port in the
LAGs
table, and assign the LAG a value.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The LAG is attached to the Multicast router or switch.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 139
IGMP Snooping
The IGMP Snooping page contains fields for adding IGMP members. To open the IGMP Snooping
page, click Switch Multicast Support IGMP Snooping in the tree view.
Figure 7-30. IGMP Snooping
•
VLAN ID
— Specifies the VLAN ID.
•
IGMP Snooping Status
— Enables or disables IGMP snooping on the VLAN.
•
Auto Learn
— Enables or disables Auto Learn on the device.
•
IGMP Querier Status
— Enables or disables the IGMP Querier. The IGMP Querier simulates the
behavior of a multicast router, allowing snooping of the layer 2 multicast domain even though there is
no multicast router.
•
Querier IP Address
— IP address of the IGMP Querier. Use either use the VLAN’s IP Interface address
or define a unique IP address which will be used as a source address of Querier.
•
Host Timeout (1-2147483647)
— Time before an IGMP snooping entry is aged out. The default time
is 260 seconds.
•
Multicast Router Timeout (1-2147483647)
— Time before aging out a Multicast router entry. The
default value is 300 seconds.
•
Leave Timeout (0-2147483647)
— Time, in seconds, after a port leave message is received before the
entry is aged out.
User-defined
enables a user-definable timeout period, and
Immediate Leave
specifies an immediate timeout period. The default timeout is 10 seconds.
140 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Enabling IGMP Snooping on the Device
1
Open the
IGMP Snooping
page.
2
Select the VLAN ID for the device on which IGMP snooping needs to be enabled.
3
Select
Enable
in the
IGMP Snooping Status
field.
4
Complete the fields on the page.
5
Click
Apply Changes
.
IGMP snooping is enabled on the device.
Displaying the IGMP Snooping Table
1
Open the
IGMP Snooping
.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
IGMP Snooping Table
opens.
Figure 7-31. IGMP Snooping Table
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 141
8
Viewing Statistics
The Statistic pages contain links to device information for RMON, and CPU utilization.
Viewing RMON Statistics
Remote Monitoring (RMON) contains links for viewing network information from a remote
location. To open the RMON page, click Statistics/RMON RMON in the tree view.
Viewing RMON Statistics Group
The RMON Statistics Group page contains fields for viewing information about device utilization
and errors that occurred on the device. To open the RMON Statistics Group page, click
Statistics/RMON RMON Statistics in the tree view.
Figure 8-1. RMON Statistics Group
•
Interface
— Specifies the port or LAG for which statistics are displayed.
•
Refresh Rate
— Amount of time that passes before the statistics are refreshed.
• — Number of dropped that have occurred on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
142 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
•
Received Bytes (Octets)
— Number of octets received on the interface since the device was last
refreshed. This number includes bad packets and FCS octets, but excludes framing bits.
•
Received Packets
— Number of packets received on the interface, including bad packets, Multicast
and broadcast packets, since the device was last refreshed.
•
Broadcast Packets Received
— Number of good broadcast packets received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed. This number does not include Multicast packets.
•
Multicast Packets Received
— Number of good Multicast packets received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
•
CRC & Align Errors
— Number of CRC and Align errors that have occurred on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
•
Undersize Packets
— Number of undersized packets (less than 64 octets) received on the interface
since the device was last refreshed.
•
Oversize Packets
— Number of oversized packets (over 1518 octets) received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
•
Fragments
— Number of fragments (packets with less than 64 octets, excluding framing bits, but
including FCS octets) received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
•
Jabbers
— Number of jabbers (packets longer than 1518 octets) received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
•
Collisions
— Number of collisions received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
•
Frames of
xx
Bytes
— Number of
xx
-byte frames received on the interface since the device was last
refreshed.
Viewing Interface Statistics
1
Open the
RMON Statistics Group
page.
2
Select an interface type and number in the
Interface
field.
The interface statistics are displayed.
Viewing Charts
The Chart page contains links for displaying statistics in a chart form. To open the page, click
Statistics Charts in the tree view.
Viewing the CPU Utilization
The CPU Utilization page contains information about the system’s CPU utilization and percentage of
CPU resources consumed by
The range of the utilization reading is from 0 to 100%.
To open the CPU Utilization page, click Statistics/RMON Charts CPU Utilization in the tree
view.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 143
Figure 8-2. CPU Utilization
The CPU Utilization page contains the following information:
•
Refresh Rate
— Amount of time that passes before the statisticsare refreshed.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 144
9
Configuring Quality of Service
This section provides information for defining and configuring Quality of Service (QoS) parameters.
To open the Quality of Service page, click Quality of Service in the tree view.
An implementation example that requires QoS includes certain types of traffic such as Voice, Video
and real-time traffic which can be assigned a high priority queue, while other traffic can be assigned
a lower priority queue. The result is an improved traffic flow for traffic with high demand.
QoS is defined by:
•
Classification
— Specifies which packet fields are matched to specific values. All packets
matching the user-defined specifications are classified together.
•
Action
— Defines traffic management where packets being forwarded are based on packet
information, and packet field values such as VLAN priority (VPT) and DSCP (DiffServ Code
Point).
VPT Tag Classification Information
VLAN Priority Tags are used to classify the packets by mapping packets to one of the output queues.
VLAN Priority Tag to queue assignments are user-definable. The table below details the VPT to
queue default settings:
Packets arriving untagged are assigned a default VPT that is set on a per port basis. The assigned
VPT is used to map the packet to the output queue and as the egress VPT.
Table 9-1. CoS to Queue Mapping Table Default values
CoS Value Forwarding Queue Values
0q
1q1
2q1
3q
4q
5q
6q
7q
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 145
DSCP values can be mapped to priority queues. The following table contains the default DSCP mapping
to forwarding queue values:
DSCP mapping is enabled on a per-system basis.
CoS Services
After packets are assigned to a specific queue, CoS services can be assigned to the queue(s). Output
queues are configured with a scheduling scheme by one of the following methods:
•
Strict Priority
— Ensures that time-sensitive applications are always forwarded through an expedited
path. Strict Priority allows the prioritization of mission-critical, time-sensitive traffic over less time-
sensitive applications.
For example, under Strict Priority, voice over IP traffic is forwarded before FTP or e-mail (SMTP)
traffic.
The strict priority queue is emptied before the traffic in the remaining queues is forwarded.
•
Weighted Round Robin
— Ensures that a single application does not dominate the device forwarding
capacity. Weighted Round Robin (WRR) forwards entire queues in a Round Robin order. Queue
priorities are defined by the queue length. The longer the queue length, the higher the queue's
forwarding priority.
For example, if queues have queue weights of , packets with the highest forwarding priority are
assigned to queue , and packets with the lowest forwarding priority assigned to queue .
By providing highest forwarding priorit queues, WRR processes higher priority traffic, and ensures that
low-priority traffic is forwarded satisfactorily.
The scheduling scheme is enabled system-wide. Queues assigned to the strict priority policy are
automatically assigned to the highest priority queue. By default, all values are set as Strict Priority. Queue
weight values can be assigned in any order using WRR, and WRR values can be assigned system-wide.
Best effort traffic is always assigned to the first queue.
Table 9-2. DSCP to Queue Mapping Table Default Values
DSCP Value Forwarding Queue Values
0- q1
q2
q3
q4
146Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Defining CoS Global Parameters
This section contains the following topics:
• Defining CoS Settings
• Defining QoS Interface Settings
• Defining Queue Settings
• Mapping CoS Values to Queues
• Mapping DSCP Values to Queues
Defining CoS Settings
Defining CoS Settings
Class of Service (CoS) global parameters are set from the CoS Settings page.
To open the CoS Settings
page, click Quality of Service CoS Global Parameters CoS Settings in
the tree view.
Figure 9-1. CoS Settings
•
Cos Mode
— Enables or disables managing network traffic using Quality of Service.
•
Trust Mode
— Determines which packet fields to use for classifying packets entering the device.
When no rules are defined, the traffic containing the predefined packet field (CoS or DSCP) is
mapped according to the relevant trust modes table. Traffic not containing a predefined packet field is
mapped to best effort. The possible Trust mode field values are:
–
CoS
(802.1P)
— The output queue assignment is determined by the IEEE802.1p VLAN priority
tag (VPT) or by the default VPT assigned to a port.
–
DSCP
— The output queue assignment is determined by the DSCP field.
Enabling Quality of Service:
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 147
1
Open the
CoS Settings
page
.
2
Select
Enable
in the
CoS Mode
field.
3
Click Apply Changes.
Class of Service is enabled on the device.
Selecting Trust:
1
Open the
CoS Settings
page
.
2
Select
Trust
in the
Trust Mode
field.
3
Click Apply Changes.
Trust is selecte d.
Defining QoS Interface Settings
The Interface Settings page contains fields for defining, per interface, if the selected Trust mode is to be
activated. The default priority for incoming untagged packets is also selected in the Interface Settings
page. To open the Interface Settings page, click Quality of Service CoS Global Parameters
Interface Settings in the tree view.
Figure 9-2. Interface Settings
•
Interface
— The specific port or LAG to configure.
•
Disable "Trust" Mode on Interface
— Disables the Trust mode on the specified interface. This setting
overrides the Trust mode configured on the device globally.
•
Set Default CoS For Incoming Traffic To
— Sets the default CoS value . The CoS tag values are 0
–
7.
The default value is 0.
148Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Assigning QoS/CoS settings for an interface:
1
Open the
Interface Settings
page.
2
Select an interface in the
Interface
field.
3
Define the fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The CoS settings are assigned to the interface.
Displaying the QoS Interface Settings Table:
1
Open the
Interface Settings
page.
2
Click
Show All
.
The
QoS Interface Settings Table
page opens:
Figure 9-3. QoS Interface Settings Table
Defining Queue Settings
The QoS Queue Settings
page contains fields for configuring the scheduling method by which the
queues are maintained. To open the QoS Queue Settings
page click Quality of ServiceCoS Global
Parameters Queue Settings in the tree view.
Figure 9-4. QoS Queue Settings
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 149
•
Queues
— The Queue number.
•
Strict Priority
— Specifies if traffic scheduling is based strictly on the queue priority.
•
WRR
— Specifies if traffic scheduling is based on the Weighted Round Robin (WRR) weights to
egress queues. The default values are:
– 1 for Queue 1
– 2 for Queue 2
– 8 for Queue 3
– 16 for Queue 4
•
WRR Weights
— The WRR weight assigned to each queue.
•
WRR Percentage
— The WRR percentage of each queue.
Defining the Queue Settings
1
Open the
QoS Queue Settings
page.
2
Define the
fields.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The queue settings are defined, and the device is updated.
150Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Mapping CoS Values to Queues
The CoS to Queue Mapping Table
page contains fields for classifying CoS settings to traffic queues. To
open the
CoS to Queue Mapping Table
page, click Quality of ServiceCoS Global Parameters CoS
to Queue in the tree view.
Figure 9-5. CoS to Queue Mapping Table
•
Class of Service
— Specifies the CoS priority tag values, where zero is the lowest value and 7 is the
highest value.
•
Queue
— The traffic forwarding queue to which the CoS priority is mapped. Four traffic priority
queues are supported.
Restore Defaults
— Restores the device factory defaults for mapping CoS values to a forwarding queue.
Mapping a CoS value to a Queue
1
Open the
CoS to Queue Mapping Table
page.
2
Select a CoS entry.
3
Define the queue number in the
Queue
field.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The CoS value is mapped to a queue, and the device is updated.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 151
Mapping DSCP Values to Queues
The DSCP to Queue page provides fields for defining output queue to specific DSCP fields. For the list
of the DSCP default queue settings, see "DSCP to Queue Mapping Table Default Values" on page 145.
To open the DSCP to Queue page, click Quality of ServiceCoS Global Parameters DSCP to
Queue in the tree view.
Figure 9-6. DSCP to Queue
•
DSCP In
— The values of the DSCP field within the incoming packet.
•
Queue
— The queue to which packets with the specific DSCP value is assigned. The values are 1
–
4,
where one is the lowest value and four is the highest.
Mapping a DSCP value and assigning priority queue:
1
Open the
DSCP to Queue
page.
2
Select a value in the
DSCP In
column.
3
Define the
Queue
fields.
4
Click
Apply Changes
.
The DSCP is overwritten, and the value is assigned to a forwarding queue.
Restoring default values:
152Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
1
Open the
DSCP to Queue
page.
2
Check the
Restore Defaults
checkbox.
3
Click
Apply Changes
.
The default values are restored.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 153
A
Managing the Device Using the CLI
A limited number of CLI commands are available for managing the device. These commands are a
subset of the options available via the web interface.
Accessing the Device Through the CLI
The device can be managed over a direct connection to the console port or via a Telnet connection.
Using the CLI is similar to entering commands on a Linux system. If access is via a Telnet
connection, ensure the device has an IP address defined and that the workstation used to access the
device is connected to the device prior to beginning using CLI commands.
For information about configuring an initial IP Address, see "Static IP Address and Subnet Mask."
NOTE: Ensure the client is loaded, before using the CLI.
NOTE: CLI can be used to manage the device only when the device is in Managed mode. For more
information about management modes, see "Management Modes" on page 50.
Console Connection
1
Power on the device and wait until the startup is complete.
2
When the
Console>
prompt displays, type
enable
and press <Enter>.
3
Configure the device and enter the necessary commands to complete the required tasks.
4
When finished, exit the session with the
quit
or
exit
command.
NOTE: If a different user logs into the system in the Privilege EXEC command mode, the current user is logged
off and the new user is logged in.
Telnet Connection
Telnet is a terminal emulation TCP/IP protocol. ASCII terminals can be virtually connected to the
local device through a TCP/IP protocol network. Telnet is an alternative to a local login terminal
where a remote login is required.
The device supports up to four simultaneous Telnet sessions. All CLI commands can be used over a
telnet session.
To start a Telnet session:
1
Select
Start > Run
.
The
Run
window opens.
154 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
2
In the
Run
window, type
Telnet <IP address>
in the
Open
field.
3
Click
OK
to begin the Telnet session.
Using the CLI
This section provides information for using the CLI.
Command Mode Overview
The CLI is divided into command modes. Each command mode has a specific command set. Entering a
question mark at the console prompt displays a list of commands available for that particular command
mode.
In each mode, a specific command is used to navigate from one command mode to another.
During the CLI session initialization, the CLI mode is the User EXEC mode. Only a limited subset of
commands are available in the
User EXEC mode. This level is reserved for tasks that do not change the
console configuration and is used to access configuration sub-systems such as the CLI. To enter the next
level, the Privileged EXEC mode, a password is required (if configured).
The
Privileged EXEC mode provides access to the device global configuration. For specific global
configurations within the device, enter the next level, Global Configuration mode. A password is not
required.
The
Global Configuration mode manages the device configuration on a global level.
The Interface Configuration mode configures the device at the physical interface level. Interface
commands, which require subcommands, have another level called the Subinterface Configuration
mode. A password is not required.
User EXEC Mode
After logging into the device, the EXEC command mode is enabled. The user-level prompt consists of
the host name followed by the angle bracket (>). For example:
console>
NOTE: The default host name is console unless it has been modified during initial configuration.
The user EXEC commands permit connecting to remote devices, changing terminal settings on a
temporary basis, performing basic tests, and listing system information.
To list the user EXEC commands, enter a question mark at the command prompt.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 155
Privileged EXEC Mode
Privileged access can be protected to prevent unauthorized access and ensure operating parameters.
Passwords are displayed in the ***** format on the screen, and are case sensitive.
To access and list the Privileged EXEC Mode commands:
1
At the prompt type
enable
and press <Enter>.
2
When a password prompt displays, enter the password and press <Enter>.
The Privileged EXEC mode prompt displays as the device host name followed by #. For example:
console#
To list the Privileged EXEC commands, type a question mark at the command prompt and press
<Enter>.
To return from Privileged EXEC Mode to User EXEC Mode use any of the following commands:
disable
,
exit/end
, or <Ctrl><Z>.
The following example illustrates accessing privileged EXEC mode and then returning to the User
EXEC mode:
console>enable
Enter Password: ******
console#
console#disable
console>
Use the exit command to move back to a previous mode. For example, from Interface Configuration
mode to Global Configuration mode, and from Global Configuration mode to Privileged EXEC mode.
Global Configuration Mode
Global Configuration commands apply to system features, rather than a specific protocol or interface.
To access Global Configuration mode, at the Privileged EXEC Mode prompt, type configure and
press <Enter>. The Global Configuration Mode displays as the device host name followed by (config)
and the pound sign #.
console(config)#
To list the Global Configuration commands, enter a question mark at the command prompt.
To return from Global Configuration mode to Privileged EXEC mode, type the exit command or use
the <Ctrl><Z> command.
156 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
The following example illustrates how to access Global Configuration Mode and return back to the
Privileged EXEC Mode:
console#
console#configure
console(config)#exit
console#
Interface Configuration Mode
Interface configuration commands modify specific IP interface settings, including bridge-group,
description, etc.
Interface Mode
The Interface mode contains commands that configure the interface. The Global Configuration mode
command interface ethernet is used to enter the interface configuration mode. The following is
an example of the Interface mode prompt:
console> enable
console# configure
console(config)# interface ethernet g18
console(config-if)#
VLAN Mode
The VLAN mode contains commands to create and configure a VLAN as a whole, for example, to create
a VLAN and apply an IP address to the VLAN. The following is an example of the VLAN mode prompt:
Console (config)# interface vlan 1
Console (config-if)#
Port Channel Mode
The Port Channel mode contains commands for configuring Link Aggregation Groups (LAG). The
following is an example of the Port Channel mode prompt:
Console (config)# interface port-channel 1
Console (config-if)#
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 157
CLI Commands
Command: copy
To copy any file from a source to a destination, use the copy Privileged EXEC command.
copy
source-url destination-url
Syntax Description
•
source-url
— The location URL or reserved keyword of the source file to be copied.
•
destination-url
— The destination URL or reserved keyword of the destination file.
Parameters Range
•
source-url
— 1 - 160 characters
•
destination-url
— 1 - 160 characters
The following table shows keywords and URL prefixes:
Command Mode
Privileged EXEC
Usage Guidelines
The location of a file system dictates the format of the source or destination URL.
The entire copying process may take several minutes and differs from protocol to protocol and from
network to network.
If the egress interface is not specified, the default interface will be selected. Specifying interface zone=0
is equal to not defining an egress interface.
Table A-1. Source and Destination Keywords
Keyword Source or Destination
image If source file, represent the active image file. If destination file, represent the non-
active image file.
boot Boot file.
tftp: Source or destination URL for a TFTP network server. The syntax for this alias is
tftp:
//host/[directory]/filename
. The
host
can be IPv4 address. An out-of-band IP
address can be specified as described in the usage guidelines.
xmodem: Source for the file from a serial connection that uses the Xmodem protocol.
null: Null destination for copies or files. You can copy a remote file to null to determine
its size.
158 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Understanding Invalid Combinations of Source and Destination
Some invalid combinations of source and destination exist. Specifically, you cannot copy the following:
• If the source file and destination file are the same file.
•
xmodem:
can't be destination. Can be copied to
image
,
boot
and
null:
only.
•
tftp:
can't be source and destination on the same copy.
• *.prv files can't be copied.
• Copy to or from the slave units is for image and boot files only.
copy Character Descriptions
Command: debug-mode
To switch to debug mode, use the debug-mode command in Privileged EXEC mode.
debug-mode
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Command Mode
Privileged EXEC
Command: do
To execute an EXEC-level command from global configuration mode or any configuration submode, use
the do command in any configuration mode.
do
command
Syntax Description
command
—
The EXEC command to be executed.
Table A-2. Source and Destination Keywords
Character Description
! For network transfers, an exclamation point indicates that the copy process is taking
place. Each exclamation point indicates the successful transfer of ten packets (512
bytes each).
. For network transfers, a period indicates that the copy process timed out. Many
periods in a row typically mean that the copy process may fail.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 159
Command modes
All configuration modes
Command: end
To end the current configuration session and return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end global
configuration command.
end
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or key words
Command Mode
All configuration modes
Default value
This command has no default setting.
Example
Console(config-if)# end
Console#
Command: exit (configuration)
To exit any configuration mode to the next highest mode in the CLI mode hierarchy, use the exit
command in any configuration mode.
exit
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or key words
Command Mode
All configuration modes
Default value
This command has no default setting.
Examples
Console(config-if)# exit
Console(config)# exit
160 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Console#
Command: exit (EXEC)
To close an active terminal session by logging off the router, use the exit command in EXEC mode.
exit
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or key words
Command Mode
EXEC
Default value
This command has no default setting.
Example
Console> exit
Command: help
To display a brief description of the help system, enter the help command.
help
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or key words
Command Mode
All command modes.
Default value
This command has no default setting.
Command: interface ethernet
To configure an interface type and enter interface configuration mode, use the interface ethernet global
configuration command.
interface ethernet
interface
Syntax Description
•
interface
— The full syntax is:
port
.
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 161
Parameters range
•
interface
— Valid Ethernet port.
Command Modes
Global Configuration
Example
Console(config)# interface ethernet g1
Console(config-if)#
Command: interface port-channel
To configure a port-channel type and enter port-channel configuration mode, use the
interface port-
channel
global configuration command.
interface port-channel
port-channel-number
Syntax Description
•
port-channel-number
— Port channel index.
Parameters range
•
port-channel-number
— Valid port channel
Command Modes
Global configuration
Usage Guidelines
Commands under the interface range context are executed independently on each interface in the range:
If the command returns an error on one of the interfaces, it will not stop the execution of the command
on other interfaces.
Example
Console (config)# interface port-channel 1
Console (config-if)#
Command: interface vlan
To configure a vlan type and enter interface configuration mode, use the interface vlan global
configuration command.
interface vlan
vlan-id
162 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Syntax Description
•
vlan-id
— VLAN ID
Parameters range
•
vlan-id
— Valid VLAN
Command Modes
Global Configuration
Usage Guidelines
In case the VLAN doesn't exist ("ghost VLAN") only partial list of the commands would be available
under the interface VLAN context.
The commands that are supported for VLAN that doesn't exist are:
1
IGMP snooping control
2
Bridge multicast configuration
Example
In the following example, for VLAN 1, the address is 131.108.1.27 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0:
Console (config)# interface vlan 1
Console (config-if)# ip address 131.108.1.27 255.255.255.0
Command: ip address
Use the ip address Interface Configuration mode command to define an IP address for an interface. Use
the no form of this command to remove an IP address definition.
ip address
ip-address
{
mask
|
/prefix-length
} [default-gateway
ip-address
]
no ip address
Syntax Description
•
ip-address
—Specifies the IP address.
•
mask
—Specifies the network mask of the IP address.
•
prefix-length
—Specifies the number of bits that comprise the IP address prefix. The prefix length
must be preceded by a forward slash (/).
•
default-gateway
ip-address
—Specifies the default gateway IP address.
Parameters range
•
ip-address
— Valid IP address
•
mask
—Valid mask
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 163
•
prefix-length
—Range: 8-30
•
default-gateway
ip-address
—Valid IP address
Defaults
No IP address is defined for interfaces
Command Modes
Interface Configuration VLAN mode.
User Guidelines
• Assigning an IP address to an interface does not disable L2 protocols, such as STP.
• Defining a static IP address on an interface implicitly removes the DHCP client configuration on the
interface.
• Interface context may be VLAN 1 only
Examples
switch(config)> interface vlan 1
switch(config-if)> ip address 131.108.1.27 255.255.255.0 default-gateway
131.108.1.1
Command: ping
Use the ping command to send ICMP echo request packets to another node on the network.
ping {
ip-address
|
hostname
} [size
packet_size
] [count
packet_count
] [timeout
time_out
]
Syntax Description
•
ip-address
— IP address to ping.
•
hostname
— Hostname to ping.
•
packet_size —
Number of bytes in a packet. The default is 56 bytes. The actual packet size will be
eight bytes larger than the size specified because the switch adds header information.
•
packet_count
— Number of packets to send, from 1 to 65535 packets. The default is 4 packets. If 0 is
entered it pings until stopped.
•
time_out
— Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply, from 50 to 65535 milliseconds. The default
is 2000 milliseconds.
Parameters range
•
hostname
— 1 - 158 characters (Max label size: 63)
•
packet_size
— IPv4: 56 - 1472
164 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
•
packet_count
— 0 - 65535
•
time_out
— 50 - 65535
Command Mode
EXEC
Default value
This command has no default setting.
Usage Guidelines
Press Esc to stop pinging. Following are sample results of the ping command:
Destination does not respond-If the host does not respond, a "
no answer from host
" appears in ten
seconds.
Destination unreachable-The gateway for this destination indicates that the destination is unreachable.
Network or host unreachable-The switch found no corresponding entry in the route table.
Examples
Console> ping 10.1.1.1
Pinging 10.1.1.1 with 64 bytes of data:
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=0. time=11 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1. time=8 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=2. time=8 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=3. time=7 ms
----10.1.1.1 PING Statistics----
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 7/8/11
Console> ping yahoo.com
Pinging yahoo.com [66.218.71.198] with 64 bytes of data:
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=0. time=11 ms
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 165
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1. time=8 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=2. time=8 ms
64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=3. time=7 ms
----10.1.1.1 PING Statistics----
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 7/8/11
Command: show tech-support command
To display system and configuration information you can provide to the Technical Assistance Center
when reporting a problem, use the show tech-support command.
show tech-support [config] [memory]
Syntax Description
•
memory
— (Optional) Displays memory and processor state data.
•
config
— (Optional) Displays switch configuration within the CLI commands supported on the
device.
Defaults
By default, this command displays the output for technical-support-related show commands. Use
keywords to specify the type of information to be displayed. If you do not specify any parameters, the
system displays all configuration and memory data.
Command Modes
EXEC
Usage Guidelines
NOTE: Avoid running multiple show tech-support commands on a switch or multiple switches on the network segment.
Doing so may cause starvation of some time sensitive protocols, like STP.
The show tech-support command output is continuous; it does not display one screen at a time. To
interrupt the output, press Esc.
If you specify the config keyword, the show tech-support command displays the output of the following
commands:
show clock
show system
show version
166 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
show system mode
show ip interface
show interfaces configuration
show interfaces status
show interfaces port-channel
show vlan
show interfaces switchport
show spanning tree
show bridge multicast address-table
show ip igmp snooping groups
show dot1x
show dot1x users
show interfaces counters
show users
show sessions
show logging file
show logging
If you specify the memory keyword, the show tech-support command displays the output of the
following commands:
flash info (dir if existed, or flash mapping)
buffers info (like print os buff)
memory info (like print os mem)
proc info (like print os tasks)
Command: snmp-server community
Use the snmp-server community command to set up the community access string to permit access to
the Simple Network Management Protocol command. Use the no form of this command removes the
specified community string.
snmp-server community
community
[ro | rw | su] [
ipv4-address
]
no snmp-server community
community
[
ipv4-address
]
Syntax Description
•
community
— Community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol.
•
ro
— Specifies read-only access (Default)
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 167
•
rw
— Specifies read-write access
•
su
— Specifies SNMP administrator access
•
ipv4-address
— Management station IPv4 address. Default is all IP addresses.
Parameters range
•
community
— 1 - 20 chars
•
ip-address
— Valid IP address
Default
No community is defined
Command Mode
Global configuration
Usage Guidelines
The logical key of the command is the pair (community, ip-address). If ip-address is omitted then the key
is (community, All-Ips).
Examples
Switch(conf)# snmp-server community public
Command: username
To establish a username-based authentication system, use the username command in global
configuration mode. Use the no form to remove a user name.
username name [password
password
] [level
level
] [encrypted]
no username
name
Syntax Description
•
name
— The name of the user.
•
password
— The authentication password for the user.
•
level
— Specifies the user level. If not specified the privilege level is 1.
•
encrypted
— Encrypted password you enter, copied from another device configuration.
Parameters range
•
name
— 1 - 20 characters.
•
password
— 1 - 159
•
level
— 1 - 15
168 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide
Default
No user is defined.
Command modes
Global Configuration
Example
Console (config)# username bob password lee privilege 15
169
Glossary
This glossary contains key technical words of
interest.
A
Access Mode
Specifies the method by which user access is
granted to the system.
Access Profiles
Allows network managers to define profiles and rules
for accessing the device. Access to management
functions can be limited to user groups, which are
defined by the following criteria:
• Ingress interfaces
• Source IP address and/or Source IP subnets
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
. A TCP/IP protocol that
converts IP addresses into physical addresses.
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
. A custom
chip designed for a specific application.
Asset Tag
Specifies the user-defined device reference.
Authentication Profiles
Sets of rules which that enables login to and
authentication of users and applications.
Auto-negotiation
Allows 10/100 Mpbs or 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet
ports to establish for the following features:
• Duplex/ Half Duplex Mode
• Flow Control
•Speed
B
Back Pressure
A mechanism used with Half Duplex mode that
enables a port not to receive a message.
Backplane
The main BUS that carries information in the
device.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth specifies the amount of data that can be
transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital
devices, bandwidth is defined in Bits per Second
(bps) or Bytes per Second.
Bandwidth Assignments
The amount of bandwidth assigned to a specific
application, user, and/or interface.
ABCDEF GHI J LMNOPQRST UVW
170
Baud
The number of signaling elements transmitted each
second.
Best Effort
Traffic is assigned to the lowest priority queue, and
packet delivery is not guaranteed.
Boot Version
The boot version.
BootP
Bootstrap Protocol.
Enables a workstation to
discover its IP address, an IP address of a BootP
server on a network, or a configuration file loaded
into the boot of a device.
BPDU
Bridge Protocol Data Unit
. Provide bridging
information in a message format. BPDUs are sent
across device information with in Spanning Tree
configuration. BPDU packets contain information
on ports, addresses, priorities, and forwarding costs.
Bridge
A device that connect two networks. Bridges are
hardware specific, however they are protocol
independent. Bridges operate at Layer 1 and Layer 2
levels.
Broadcast Domain
Devices sets that receive broadcast frames
originating from any device within a designated set.
Routers bind Broadcast domains, because routers do
not forward broadcast frames.
Broadcasting
A method of transmitting packets to all ports on a
network.
Broadcast Storm
An excessive amount of broadcast messages
simultaneously transmitted across a network by a
single port. Forwarded message responses are
heaped onto the network, overloading network
resources or causing the network to time out.
For more information about broadcast storms, see
"Aggregating Ports".
C
CDB
Configuration Data Base.
A file containing a
device’s configuration information.
Class of Service
Class of Service (CoS).
Class of Service is the
802.1p priority scheme. CoS provides a method for
tagging packets with priority information. A CoS
value between 0-7 is added to the Layer II header of
packets, where zero is the lowest priority and seven
is the highest.
A overlapping transmission of two or more packets
that collide. The data transmitted cannot be used,
and the session is restarted.
Combo Ports
A single logical port with two physical connections,
including an RJ-45 connection and an SFP
connection.
171
CLI
Command Line Interface
. A set of line commands
used to configure the system.
Communities
Specifies a group of users which retains the same
system access rights.
CPU
Central Processing Unit
. The part of a computer
that processes information. CPUs are composed of a
control unit and an ALU.
D
DHCP Client
An Internet host using DHCP to obtain
configuration parameters, such as a network
address.
DSCP
DiffServe Code Point (DSCP)
. DSCP provides a
method of tagging IP packets with QoS priority
information.
Domain
A group of computers and devices on a network that
are grouped with common rules and procedures.
Duplex Mode
Permits simultaneous transmissions and reception
of data. There are two different types of duplex
mode:
•Full Duplex Mode — Permits synchronous
communication. Two parties can transmit
information at the same time.
•Half Duplex Mode — Permits asynchronous
communication. Only one party can transmit
information at a time.
Dynamic VLAN Assignment (DVA)
Allows automatic assignment of users to VLANs
during the RADIUS server authentication. When a
user is authenticated by the RADIUS server, the user
is automatically joined to the VLAN configured on
the RADIUS server.
E
Egress Ports
Ports from which network traffic is transmitted.
End System
An end user device on a network.
Ethernet
Ethernet is standardized as per IEEE 802.3.
Ethernet is the most common implemented LAN
standard. Supports data transfer rates of Mpbs,
where 10, 100 or 1000 Mbps is supported.
EWS
Embedded Web Server
. Provides device
management via a standard web browser. Embedded
Web Servers are used in addition to or in place of a
CLI or NMS.
F
FFT
Fast Forward Table.
Provides information about
forwarding routes. If a packet arrives to a device with
a known route, the packet is forwarded via a route
listed in the FFT. If there is not a known route, the
CPU forwards the packet and updates the FFT.
172
FIFO
First In First Out.
A queuing process where the first
packet in the queue is the first packet out of the
packet.
Flapping
Flapping occurs when an interfaces state is
constantly changing. For example, an STP port
constantly changes from listening to learning to
forwarding. This may cause traffic loss.
Flow Control
Enables lower speed devices to communicate with
higher speed devices, that is, that the higher speed
device refrains from sending packets.
Fragment
Ethernet packets smaller than 576 bits.
Frame
Packets containing the header and trailer
information required by the physical medium.
G
GARP
General Attributes Registration Protocol.
Registers
client stations into a Multicast domain.
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet transmits at 1000 Mbps, and is
compatible with existing 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
standards.
GVRP
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol. Registers client
stations into a VLANs.
H
HOL
Head of Line
. Packets are queued. Packets at the
head of the queue are forwarded before packets at
the end of the line.
Host
A computer that acts as a source of information or
services to other computers.
HTTP
HyperText Transport Protocol.
Transmits HTML
documents between servers and clients on the
internet.
I
IC
Integrated Circuit
. Integrated Circuits are small
electronic devices composed from semiconductor
material.
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol.
Allows gateway
or destination host to communicate with a source
host, for example, to report a processing error.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
An
Engineering organization that develops
communications and networking standards.
IEEE 802.1d
Used in the Spanning Tree Protocol, IEEE 802.1d
supports MAC bridging to avoid network loops.
173
IEEE 802.1p
Prioritizes network traffic at the data-link/MAC
sublayer.
IEEE 802.1Q
Defines the operation of VLAN Bridges that permit
the definition, operation, and administration of
VLANs within Bridged LAN infrastructures.
Image File
The system image is saved in a Flash sector called
image.
Ingress Port
Ports on which network traffic is received.
IP
Internet Protocol.
Specifies the format of packets
and there addressing method. IP addresses packets
and forwards the packets to the correct port.
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address
. A unique address
assigned to a network device with two or more
interconnected LANs or WANs.
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange
. Transmits
connectionless communications.
J
Jumbo Frames
Enables transporting the identical data in fewer
frames. Jumbo Frames reduce overhead, lower
processing time, and ensures fewer interrupts.
L
LAG
Link Aggregated Group
. Aggregates ports or VLANs
into a single virtual port or VLAN.
For more information on LAGs, see Defining LAG
Membership.
LAN
Local Area Networks.
A network contained within a
single room, building, campus or other limited
geographical area.
Layer 2
Data Link Layer or MAC Layer
. Contains the
physical address of a client or server station. Layer 2
processing is faster than Layer 3 processing because
there is less information to process.Layer 4
Establishes a connections and ensures that all data
arrives to their destination. Packets inspected at the
Layer 4 level are analyzed and forwarding decisions
based on their applications.
Load Balancing
Enables the even distribution of data and/or
processing packets across available network
resources. For example, load balancing may
distribute the incoming packets evenly to all servers,
or redirect the packets to the next available server.
M
MAC Address
Media Access Control Address
. The MAC Address is
a hardware specific address that identifies each
network node.
174
MAC Address Learning
MAC Address Learning characterizes a learning
bridge, in which the packet’s source MAC address is
recorded. Packets destined for that address are
forwarded only to the bridge interface on which that
address is located. Packets addressed to unknown
addresses are forwarded to every bridge interface.
MAC Address Learning minimizes traffic on the
attached LANs.
MAC Layer
A sub-layer of the
Data Link Control
(DTL) layer.
Mask
A filter that includes or excludes certain values, for
example parts of an IP address.
For example, Unit 2 is inserted in the first minute of
a ten-minute cycle, and Unit 1 is inserted in fifth
minute of the same cycle, the units are considered
the same age.
MD5
Message Digest 5.
An algorithm that produces a
128-bit hash. MD5 is a variation of MD4, and
increases MD4 security. MD5 verifies the integrity
of the communication, authenticates the origin of
the communication.
MDI
Media Dependent Interface
. A cable used for end
stations.
MDIX
Media Dependent Interface with Crossover
(MDIX)
. A cable used for hubs and switches.
MIB
Management Information Base
. MIBs contain
information describing specific aspects of network
components.
Multicast
Transmits copies of a single packet to multiple ports.
N
NMS
Network Management System.
An interface that
provides a method of managing a system.
Node
A network connection endpoint or a common
junction for multiple network lines. Nodes include:
•Processors
• Controllers
• Workstations
O
OID
Object Identifier.
Used by SNMP to identify
managed objects. In the SNMP Manager/ Agent
network management paradigm, each managed
object must have an OID to identify it.
P
Packets
Blocks of information for transmission in packet
switched systems.
175
PDU
Protocol Data Unit.
A data unit specified in a layer
protocol consisting of protocol control information
and layer user data.
PING
Packet Internet Groper.
Verifies if a specific IP
address is available. A packet is sent to another IP
address and waits for a reply.
Port
Physical ports provide connecting components that
allow microprocessors to communicate with
peripheral equipment.
Port Mirroring
Monitors and mirrors network traffic by forwarding
copies of incoming and outgoing packets from one
port to a monitoring port.
Port Speed
Indicates port speed of the port. Port speeds
include:
• Ethernet 10 Mbps
• Fast Ethernet 100Mbps
• Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps
Protocol
A set of rules that governs how devices exchange
information across networks.
Q
QoS
Quality of Service.
QoS allows network managers to
decide how and what network traffic is forwarded
according to priorities, application types, and source
and destination addresses.
Query
Extracts information from a database and presents
the information for use.
R
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
. A
method for authenticating system users, and
tracking connection time.
RMON
Remote Monitoring
. Provides network information
to be collected from a single workstation.
Router
A device that connects to separate networks.
Routers forward packets between two or more
networks. Routers operate at a Layer 3 level.
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
. Detects and uses
network topologies that allow a faster convergence
of the spanning tree, without creating forwarding
loops.
176
Running Configuration File
Contains all Startup file commands, as well as all
commands entered during the current session. After
the device is powered down or rebooted, all
commands stored in the Running Configuration file
are lost.
S
Segmentation
Divides LANs into separate LAN segments for
bridging and routing. Segmentation eliminates LAN
bandwidth limitations.
Server
A central computer that provides services to other
computers on a network. Services may include file
storage and access to applications.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
. Manages
LANs. SNMP based software communicates with
network devices with embedded SNMP agents.
SNMP agents gather network activity and device
status information, and send the information back
to a workstation.
SNTP
Simple Network Time Protocol. SNTP assures
accurate network switch clock time synchronization
up to the millisecond.
SoC
System on a Chip
. An ASIC that contains an entire
system. For example, a telecom SoC application can
contain a microprocessor, digital signal processor,
RAM, and ROM.
Spanning Tree Protocol
Prevents loops in network traffic. The Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP) provides tree topography for any
arrangement of bridges. STP provides one path
between end stations on a network, eliminating
loops.
Startup Configuration
Retains the exact device configuration when the
device is powered down or rebooted.
Subnet
Sub-network. Subnets are portions of a network that
share a common address component. On TCP/IP
networks, devices that share a prefix are part of the
same subnet. For example, all devices with a prefix
of 157.100.100.100 are part of the same subnet.
Subnet Mask
Used to mask all or part of an IP address used in a
subnet address.
Switch
Filters and forwards packets between LAN
segments. Switches support any packet protocol
type.
T
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
.
Enables two hosts to communicate and exchange
data streams. TCP guarantees packet delivery, and
guarantees packets are transmitted and received in
the order their sent.
177
Telnet
Teletype Network Protocol.
A network protocol used
on the Internet or local area networks to provide
bidirectional interactive communications. Enables
system users to log in and use resources on remote
networks.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
. Uses User Data
Protocol (UDP) without security features to transfer
files.
Trap
A message sent by the SNMP that indicates that
system event has occurred.
Trunking
Link Aggregation.
Optimizes port usage by linking a
group of ports together to form a single trunk
(aggregated groups).
U
UDP
User Data Protocol.
Transmits packets but does not
guarantee their delivery.
Unicast
A form of routing that transmits one packet to one
user.
V
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Networks.
Logical subgroups
with a Local Area Network (LAN) created via
software rather than defining a hardware solution.
W
WAN
Wide Area Networks
. Networks that cover a large
geographical area.
Wildcard Mask
Specifies which IP address bits are used, and which
bits are ignored. A wild card mask of
255.255.255.255 indicates that no bit is important.
A wildcard of 0.0.0.0 indicates that all the bits are
important.
178
179
Index
Numerics
802.1d, 15
A
Access mode, 75
Address Resolution
Protocol, 169
Aggregated link, 131
AH, 169
ARP, 169
Asset, 58
Auto-Negotiation, 37
B
Boot Version, 170
BootP, 170
BPDU, 170
Bridge Protocol Data Unit, 170
Buttons, 56
C
Cables, 64-65
CIDR, 170
Command Mode
Overview, 154
Community table, 75
CoS, 147
D
Defining device
information, 58
Device installation, 30
Device view, 54
DHCP, 15
Dimensions, 21
Downloading software, 79
DSCP, 144, 171
DVMRPl, 171
Dynamic Address List, 113
E
EAP, 93
EPG, 171
Extensible Authentication
Protocol, 93
F
Fast Link, 15
Fast link, 117
File Transfer Protocol, 172
Filtering, 128, 130
Firmware, 80
Flow Control, 37
FTP, 172
G
GARP, 172
GARP VLAN Registration
Protocol, 172
GBIC, 172
General Attributes
Registration Protocol, 172
GRE, 172
GVRP, 172
H
Hardware version, 60
Height, 21
HMP, 172
HOL, 172
I
ICMP, 172
IDRP, 172
IEEE, 172
IEEE 802.1d, 172
IEEE 802.1p, 173
180
IEEE 802.1Q, 173
IGMP, 173
Image File, 79, 173
Ingress, 173
Interface mode, 156
Internetwork Packet
Exchange, 173
IP, 173
IPM, 173
IPX, 173
ISIS, 173
J
Jumbo frames, 173
L
L2TP, 173
LAG, 104, 173
LAGs, 136
Local User Database, 68
Loops, 114
M
MAC Address, 173-174
MAC address, 112
Management Information
Base., 174
Management security, 68
Master Election/Topology
Discovery Algorithm, 174
MD5, 174
MDI, 12, 102, 174
MDI/MDIX, 37
MDIX, 12, 102, 174
MDU, 174
Message Digest 5, 174
MIB, 73, 174
Multicast, 136
N
Network Management
System., 174
Network security, 93
O
OSPF, 174
P
Package Contents, 28
Package contents, 28
Passwords, 56
PDU, 175
PING, 175
Port aggregation, 131
Port LEDs, 22
Ports, 101
PVID, 128, 130
Q
QoS, 147, 175
Quality of Service, 144, 175
Queue, 148
R
RADIUS, 70-72, 175
Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol, 175
RDP, 175
Remote Authentication Dial-In
User Service, 175
Reset, 61-63
RMON, 141, 175
RSTP, 15, 175
Running Configuration file, 79
RVSP, 176
S
Security, 68, 93
Simple Network Management
Protocol, 73, 176
SNMP, 73, 75-76, 176
Software version, 60
Spanning Tree Protocol, 114,
122
Startup file, 79
Storm control, 108
STP, 15, 115, 123
System, 58
181
T
TFTP, 177
Time Domain
Reflectometry, 64
Tree view, 54
Trivial File Transfer
Protocol, 177
Trunk Configuration Page, 104
Trust, 147
U
UDP, 177
Understanding the
interface, 54
Uploading files, 81
User Data Protocol, 177
V
Virtual Local Area
Networks, 177
VLAN, 124, 128, 136, 177
VLAN ID, 113
VLAN membership, 124
VLAN Port Membership
Table, 126
VLAN priority, 144
VLANs, 124
W
Web management system
icons, 55
Weighted Round Robin, 148
Width, 21
182
Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide 183
A
Internal Revision History for Online Help and User Guide
Rev Date Updated by Description of Change
A04 27-Feb-12 Yosi Katan
• Updated the Config section to distinguish between PC2808 devices and PC2816/24/48 devices when performing a
transition to managed mode from unmanned or secured modes
A03 10-Jan-12 Yosi Katan
• Updated the Config section to support automatic config file saving when switching from managed mode to
Unmanaged or Secure modes (Yosi Katan)
• Deleted default IP gateway command
• Added IP address command
A02 02-Feb-10 Emarcus Package released to Dell
A01 19-Nov-09 Ezriel
Removed the template and file path information from the Master pages.
Changed the revision number to reflect the document version (as per Gil Shevach).
0.2.1.6 06-Jan-10 Emarcus
• Updated the section Defining Device IP Addresses in Configuring System Information chapter (System2.fm) to
remove all mention of DHCP settings (set to Delete condition).(from Gil Shevach)
• Defining Device IP Addresses figure updated.
• Updated all LAG properties to (up to )8 members per LAG and (up to ) 8 LAGs per device. (from Gil Shevach).
0.2.1.5 15-Nov-09 Gina / Ezriel
Took out part four in system_components.gif.
184 Dell PowerConnect 28xx Systems User Guide

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