Digi Connectport X2 Users Manual X Family User's Guide
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ConnectPort™ X Family
User’s Guide
ConnectPort™ X Family:
ConnectPort X2, ConnectPort X4, ConnectPort X8
e-mail: info@direktronik.se
tel: 08-52 400 700 fax: 08-520 18121
90000832_A
©Digi International Inc. 2007. All Rights Reserved.
The Digi logo is a registered trademarks of Digi International, Inc.
Digi Connect, Connectware Manager, ConnectPort, Digi SureLink, are trademarks of Digi
International, Inc.
All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
owners.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of Digi International.
Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or
implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability
for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual or in
the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.
This product could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are
periodically made to the information herein; these changes may be incorporated in new
editions of the publication.
2
User’s Guide
Contents
Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................................3
About this guide............................................................................................................................................15
Purpose .................................................................................................................................................15
Audience...............................................................................................................................................15
Scope ....................................................................................................................................................15
Where to find more information...........................................................................................................16
General release documentation ..................................................................................................16
Additional product information on www.digi.com ....................................................................17
Digi contact information ......................................................................................................................17
Chapter 1: Introduction.............................................................................................................................19
ConnectPort X Family products ...........................................................................................................20
Features ................................................................................................................................................21
User interfaces............................................................................................................................21
Quick reference for configuring features ...................................................................................22
Hardware features ......................................................................................................................29
Network interface features .........................................................................................................29
Configurable network services...................................................................................................29
IP protocol support .....................................................................................................................30
Serial data communication over TCP and UDP...............................................................31
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ..............................................................32
Auto-IP .............................................................................................................................32
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).............................................................32
Supported RFCs and MIBs..................................................................................... 32
Supported SNMP traps ........................................................................................... 33
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS).........................................33
Telnet................................................................................................................................33
Remote Login (rlogin)......................................................................................................33
Line Printer Daemon (LPD).............................................................................................33
3
Contents
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS) ................................. 34
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)..................................................................... 34
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) .......................................................................................... 34
Network Address Translation (NAT)/Port Forwarding................................................... 34
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP)................................................................... 34
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Passthrough
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
ESP Passthrough .............................................................................................................. 35
Mobile/Cellular features and protocol support .......................................................................... 35
Provisioning wizard ......................................................................................................... 35
Digi SureLink™............................................................................................................... 35
Mobile/Cellular protocols ................................................................................................ 36
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) ......................................................... 36
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) ....................................................................... 36
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) ............................................................................ 37
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)......................................................... 37
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) ............................................... 37
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, or 1xEV-DO) ........................................... 38
IP address assignment alternatives............................................................................................. 39
RealPort software....................................................................................................................... 40
Encrypted RealPort .......................................................................................................... 40
Alarms........................................................................................................................................ 41
Modem emulation ...................................................................................................................... 41
Security features......................................................................................................................... 42
Configuration management........................................................................................................ 43
Customization capabilities ......................................................................................................... 43
Supported connections and data paths in Digi devices ........................................................................ 44
Network services.............................................................................................................. 44
Network services associated with specific serial ports .......................................... 44
Network services associated with serial ports in general....................................... 45
Network services associated with the command-line interface ............................. 45
Network/serial clients ...................................................................................................... 46
Autoconnect behavior client connections .............................................................. 46
4
Contents
Command-line interface (CLI)-based client connections....................................... 46
Modem emulation (pseudo-modem) client connections ........................................ 46
Configuration capabilities and interfaces .............................................................................................47
Configuration capabilities ..........................................................................................................47
Configuration interfaces .............................................................................................................48
The Digi Device Setup wizard .........................................................................................49
Digi Device Discovery utility ..........................................................................................51
The Web interface ............................................................................................................53
Command-line interface...................................................................................................55
Connectware Manager interface.......................................................................................56
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).............................................................58
Standard MIBs supported ....................................................................................... 59
Digi enterprise MIBs supported ............................................................................. 59
Additional SNMP resources ................................................................................... 59
Monitoring capabilities and interfaces .................................................................................................60
Monitoring interfaces .................................................................................................................60
Web Interface ...................................................................................................................60
Command-line interface...................................................................................................61
Connectware Manager......................................................................................................61
SNMP ...............................................................................................................................61
Administration tasks.............................................................................................................................62
Chapter 2: Configure Digi devices............................................................................................................63
Default IP address ................................................................................................................................64
Alternate methods for assigning an IP address ....................................................................................64
Configure an IP address using the Digi Device Setup Wizard ..................................................64
Configure an IP address using DHCP ........................................................................................65
Configure an IP address using Auto-IP......................................................................................65
Configure an IP address from the command-line interface........................................................66
IP addresses and Connectware Manager ....................................................................................66
Test the IP address configuration ...............................................................................................67
Configuration through the web interface.............................................................................................68
Open the web interface...............................................................................................................69
5
Contents
By entering the Digi device’s IP address in a web browser ............................................ 69
By using the Digi Device Discovery utility..................................................................... 69
Install Digi Device Discovery utility ..................................................................... 69
Discover devices .................................................................................................... 70
Organization of the web interface.............................................................................................. 71
The Home page ................................................................................................................ 72
Configuration pages ......................................................................................................... 72
Application pages ............................................................................................................ 73
Apply and save changes................................................................................................... 73
Cancel changes ................................................................................................................ 73
Restore the Digi device to factory defaults...................................................................... 73
Online help....................................................................................................................... 73
Change the IP address from the web interface, as needed ......................................................... 74
Configure network communications.......................................................................................... 75
Alternatives for configuring network communications ................................................... 76
IP settings......................................................................................................................... 76
DHCP server settings....................................................................................................... 77
DHCP terminology................................................................................................. 77
Addresses in the DHCP server settings.................................................................. 79
DHCP server configuration settings....................................................................... 79
Manage the DHCP server....................................................................................... 81
Network services settings ................................................................................................ 82
Supported network services and their default network port numbers.................... 83
Network services and IP pass-through ................................................................... 86
Dynamic DNS update settings ......................................................................................... 87
Settings ................................................................................................................... 87
Status and history information ............................................................................... 89
IP filtering settings........................................................................................................... 90
IP forwarding settings ...................................................................................................... 91
Example.................................................................................................................. 92
Socket tunnel settings ...................................................................................................... 93
IP pass-through settings ................................................................................................... 94
How IP pass-through works ................................................................................... 94
How IP pass-through affects network access to Digi devices................................ 96
6
Contents
Using pinholes to manage the Digi device ............................................................. 96
Remote device management and IP pass-through.................................................. 97
Steps to configure IP pass-through......................................................................... 97
Virtual Private Network (VPN) settings ..........................................................................99
Uses for VPN-enabled Digi devices....................................................................... 99
Example VPN configuration ................................................................................ 100
How VPN tunnels work........................................................................................ 100
IP address requirements for VPN tunnels............................................................. 101
GSM GPRS/EDGE APN type needed.................................................................. 101
CDMA carrier requirements................................................................................. 101
HQ router / VPN appliance configuration............................................................ 101
Using a console port ............................................................................................. 102
Configure VPN settings........................................................................................ 102
Manual-keyed IPSEc/ESP VPN tunnel security settings ..................................... 112
ISAKMP VPN tunnel security settings ................................................................ 115
VPN tunnel proposal configuration for ISAKMP tunnels.................................... 117
Advanced network settings ............................................................................................118
Configure mobile (cellular) settings.........................................................................................119
Information required from mobile service provider.......................................................119
Different processes used for CDMA and GSM provisioning ........................................119
CDMA-based mobile service providers ............................................................... 119
GSM-based mobile service providers................................................................... 119
Set mobile configuration settings to factory defaults.....................................................120
Mobile service provider settings ....................................................................................120
Provision a mobile device ..............................................................................................121
Launch the Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard ................................................. 121
Automatic versus manual provisioning ................................................................ 122
Example: provision ConnectPort WAN VPN for Sprint™ PCS.......................... 122
Re-provision a Digi device ................................................................................... 124
Mobile connection settings.............................................................................................125
Digi SureLink™ settings................................................................................................125
Hardware reset thresholds .................................................................................... 126
Link integrity monitoring settings ........................................................................ 126
Status and statistical information for mobile connections .............................................129
7
Contents
Configure Mesh/ZigBee network settings ............................................................................... 130
Mesh network terms ............................................................................................ 130
ZigBee protocol terms.......................................................................................... 131
Mesh Network configuration settings............................................................................ 133
Basic radio settings............................................................................................... 135
Advanced radio settings ....................................................................................... 136
For more information on Mesh networks and the ZigBee protocol .............................. 136
Configure serial ports............................................................................................................... 137
About port profiles......................................................................................................... 137
Select and configure a port profile................................................................................. 137
RealPort profile.............................................................................................................. 138
Console Management profile......................................................................................... 138
TCP Sockets profile ....................................................................................................... 139
Automatic TCP connections (autoconnection) .................................................... 139
RFC 2217 support ................................................................................................ 139
TCP and UDP network port numbering conventions........................................... 140
UDP Sockets profile ...................................................................................................... 140
Serial Bridge profile....................................................................................................... 141
Local Configuration profile ........................................................................................... 141
Modem Emulation profile.............................................................................................. 141
Custom Profile ............................................................................................................... 142
Basic serial settings........................................................................................................ 142
Advanced serial settings ................................................................................................ 143
Serial Settings....................................................................................................... 143
TCP settings ......................................................................................................... 144
UDP settings......................................................................................................... 146
Configure camera settings........................................................................................................ 147
Camera settings.............................................................................................................. 147
Camera operation ........................................................................................................... 148
Configure alarms...................................................................................................................... 149
Alarm notification settings............................................................................................. 149
Alarm conditions............................................................................................................ 150
Alarm list.............................................................................................................. 150
Alarm conditions .................................................................................................. 151
8
Contents
Alarm destinations................................................................................................ 152
Enable and Disable Alarms ............................................................................................152
Configure system settings ........................................................................................................153
Device description information......................................................................................153
SNMP configuration settings .........................................................................................153
Configure remote management (Connectware Manager) settings ...........................................154
Steps for setting up remote management .......................................................................154
Connection settings ........................................................................................................155
About client-initiated and server-initiated connections........................................ 155
Last Known Address (LKA)................................................................................. 156
Client initiated management connection settings ................................................. 157
Server initiated management connection settings ................................................ 157
Advanced remote management settings.........................................................................158
Alarms and the Connectware Manager server ...............................................................160
For more information on Connectware Manager...........................................................160
Configure Security settings ......................................................................................................160
About user models and user permissions .......................................................................161
Password authentication.................................................................................................161
Enable password authentication ........................................................................... 161
Disable password authentication .......................................................................... 162
Change the password for administrative user....................................................... 162
Upload an SSH public key.................................................................................... 163
Disable unused and non-secure network services ..........................................................163
Use IP filtering ...............................................................................................................163
Configure applications .............................................................................................................164
Python® program management .....................................................................................164
Recommended distribution of Python interpreter ................................................ 164
Additional Python programming resources.......................................................... 164
Python configuration pages .................................................................................. 164
Python files ........................................................................................................... 165
Auto-start settings................................................................................................. 165
Manually execute uploaded Python programs...................................................... 165
Configuration through the command line ..........................................................................................166
Access the command line .........................................................................................................166
9
Contents
Verify device support of commands ........................................................................................ 166
Configuration through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ......................................... 169
Configuration through Connectware Manager .................................................................................. 170
Configuring Mesh Networks and Nodes through Connectware Manager............................... 170
ZigBee Networks View ................................................................................................. 171
Node View ..................................................................................................................... 172
Batch capabilities for configuring multiple devices .......................................................................... 174
What’s next? ...................................................................................................................................... 174
Chapter 3: Monitor and manage Digi devices....................................................................................... 175
Monitoring capabilities in the web interface...................................................................................... 176
Display system information ..................................................................................................... 176
General system information........................................................................................... 177
Serial port information................................................................................................... 178
Serial port diagnostics page.................................................................................. 178
Configuration ....................................................................................................... 179
Signals .................................................................................................................. 179
Serial statistics...................................................................................................... 180
Network statistics........................................................................................................... 181
Ethernet Connection Statistics ............................................................................. 181
IP Statistics........................................................................................................... 182
TCP Statistics ....................................................................................................... 182
UDP statistics................................................................................................................. 183
ICMP statistics ............................................................................................................... 183
Mobile information and statistics .................................................................................. 184
Mobile Connection Statistics ............................................................................... 184
Mobile Statistics................................................................................................... 185
Mobile Information .............................................................................................. 186
SureLink statistics ................................................................................................ 187
Diagnostics..................................................................................................................... 188
Manage connections and services ............................................................................................ 189
Manage serial ports ........................................................................................................ 189
Manage connections ...................................................................................................... 189
Manage VPN connections ............................................................................................. 189
10
Contents
Manage active system connections....................................................................... 189
Event logging .................................................................................................................190
Manage network services ...............................................................................................190
Manage DHCP server operation........................................................................... 190
Start, stop, and restart the DHCP server............................................................... 190
View and manage current DHCP leases............................................................... 191
Lease status types ................................................................................................. 192
Manage Mesh networks .................................................................................................193
Manage Mesh networks from the web interface .................................................. 194
Gateway device details ......................................................................................... 195
Network view of the Mesh devices ...................................................................... 195
Python Application ZigBee Socket Counters....................................................... 195
Python Application ZigBee Socket Error Counts................................................. 196
Mesh device state pages ....................................................................................... 197
Monitoring capabilities from the command line ................................................................................198
Commands for displaying device information and statistics ...................................................198
display ............................................................................................................................198
info .................................................................................................................................199
set alarm .........................................................................................................................200
set buffer and display buffers .........................................................................................200
set snmp..........................................................................................................................200
show ...............................................................................................................................200
Commands for managing connections and sessions ................................................................201
Commands for managing Mesh networks and nodes...............................................................202
set mesh ..........................................................................................................................202
Configure Mesh network settings: command syntax ........................................... 202
Display Mesh network configuration settings: command syntax......................... 203
display mesh...................................................................................................................204
info zigbee_sockets ........................................................................................................205
Monitoring capabilities from Connectware Manager ........................................................................206
Monitor/manage Mesh networks from Connectware Manager................................................207
Monitoring Capabilities from SNMP .................................................................................................208
Chapter 4: Administration tasks.............................................................................................................209
11
Contents
Administration from the web interface .............................................................................................. 210
File management ...................................................................................................................... 211
Uploading Files.............................................................................................................. 211
Delete files ..................................................................................................................... 211
Custom files are not deleted by device reset.................................................................. 211
X.509 Certificate/Key Management ........................................................................................ 212
Backup/restore device configurations...................................................................................... 213
Update firmware and Boot/POST Code .................................................................................. 214
Prerequisites................................................................................................................... 214
Update firmware from a file on a PC............................................................................. 214
Update Firmware from a TFTP Server .......................................................................... 214
Restore a device configuration to factory defaults .................................................................. 215
Settings cleared and retained during factory reset ......................................................... 215
Using the web interface ................................................................................................. 215
Using the Reset button ................................................................................................... 216
Display system information ..................................................................................................... 217
Reboot the Digi device............................................................................................................. 217
Enable/disable access to network services............................................................................... 217
Administration from the command-line interface.............................................................................. 218
Chapter 5: Specifications and certifications .......................................................................................... 219
Hardware specifications ..................................................................................................................... 220
ConnectPort X8 specifications................................................................................................. 220
Regulatory information and certifications ......................................................................................... 221
Safety standards ....................................................................................................................... 221
FCC Part 15 Class B ................................................................................................................ 221
Radio Frequency Interface (RFI) (FCC 15.105)............................................................ 221
Labeling Requirements (FCC 15.19)............................................................................. 221
Modifications (FCC 15.21)............................................................................................ 222
Industry Canada ............................................................................................................. 222
Declaration of Conformity............................................................................................. 222
International EMC Standards......................................................................................... 223
Important Safety Information............................................................................................................. 224
12
Contents
Glossary .......................................................................................................................................................225
Index ............................................................................................................................................................241
13
Contents
14
About this guide
About this guide
Purpose
This guide describes and shows how to provision, configure, monitor, and administer Digi
devices.
Audience
This guide is intended for those responsible for setting up Digi devices. It assumes some
familiarity with networking concepts and protocols. A glossary is provided with
definitions for networking terms and features discussed in the content.
Scope
This guide focuses on configuration, monitoring, and administration of Digi devices. It
does not cover hardware details beyond a certain level, application development, or
customization of Digi devices.
15
Where to find more information
Where to find more information
In addition to this guide, find additional product and feature information in the these
documents:
General release documentation
These documents are of interest to end users of Digi devices:
Online help and tutorials in the web interface for the Digi device
Quick Start Guides
RealPort® Installation Guide
Cellular 101 Tutorial
Digi Connect Family Customization and Integration Guide
Connectware Manager Getting Started Guide and Operator’s Guide
Release Notes
Cabling Guides
16
About this guide
Additional product information on www.digi.com
In addition to the previous documents, product information is available on the Digi
website, www.digi.com, including:
Support Forums
Knowledge Base
Data sheets/product briefs
Application/solution guides
Digi contact information
For more information about Digi products, or for customer service and technical support,
contact Digi International.
To Contact Digi International
by:
Use:
Mail
Digi International
11001 Bren Road East
Minnetonka, MN 55343
U.S.A.
World Wide Web:
http://www.digi.com/support/
email
http://www.digi.com/support/
Telephone (U.S.)
(952) 912-3444 or (877) 912-3444
Telephone (other locations)
+1 (952) 912-3444 or (877) 912-3444
17
Digi contact information
18
Introduction
Introduction
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
1
This chapter introduces Digi devices and their product families, types of connections and
data paths in which Digi devices can be used, and the interface options available for
configuring, monitoring, and administering Digi devices.
19
ConnectPort X Family products
ConnectPort X Family products
The ConnectPort X Family of products is intended to provide gateway functionality
between various network technologies such as Ethernet, cellular, Wi-Fi, and Mesh (IEEE
802.15.4 and ZigBee). In addition to providing IP network connectivity between cellular,
Wi-Fi and Ethernet networks and devices; ConnectPort X Family products are designed to
provide remote connectivity to mesh networks as well as other devices connected to local
ports: USB, 1-Wire, RabbitNet, and asynchronous serial. ConnectPort X Family products
act as a coordinator for a Mesh network. As with the Connect and Cellular product
families, ConnectPort X Family products are supported by Digi’s Connectware Manager
device management software application, which can be used to remotely manage gateway
devices and Mesh networks.
Key features of ConnectPort X Family include:
Network flexibility: gateway functionality for a variety of networks
MaxStream XBeePro Radio
Currently Freescale-based, primarily 802.15.4
Ember-250/ZigBee-based
Commercial/Industrial Grade
Connectware Enterprise Management: High-level and detailed views of Mesh
networks and nodes
Personal Area Network (PAN) connectivity and management
Support of Python programming language, for creating a variety of embedded
programs and applications
Remote help desk support through a WatchPort® Camera connection to a USB
host port
Security
20
Introduction
Features
This is an overview of key features in Digi devices. Software features are covered in more
detail in the next three chapters. Hardware specifications and are covered in Chapter 5,
"Specifications and certifications".
User interfaces
There are several user interfaces for configuring and monitoring Digi devices, including:
The Digi Device Setup Wizard, a wizard-based tool for assigning an IP address
to a Digi device, minimally configuring it, and installing RealPort software on a
PC or server.
A web-based interface for configuring, monitoring, and administering Digi
devices.
For Digi devices that ship with a default IP address, simply connecting a laptop
computer to the Ethernet port of these products allows direct access to the web
interface for configuration.
A command-line interface.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
The Connectware Manager Console.
For additional details on these user interfaces, see "Configuration interfaces" on page 48
and "Monitoring interfaces" on page 60. Some user interfaces can be customized.
21
Features
Quick reference for configuring features
This guide primarily focuses on configuring, monitoring, and administering Digi devices
from the web interface. This table provides a quick reference for configuring features and
performing device tasks, and where to find the features and settings in the web interface
and this guide. Click the page number in the Page column to jump to instructions on
configuring or using the feature. Some features are configurable from the command line
interface only. In those cases, the commands that configure the feature are noted. The
command descriptions are in the Digi Connect Family Command Reference.
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Administration/Configuration management:
File management: uploading and
downloading files, such as applet
files, and custom splash screens.
Administration > File Management
See also the Digi Connect Family Customization and Integration
Guide for information on uploading and downloading files used
to customized a Digi device’s look-and-feel.
211
Python program file
management.
Application > Python
213
Backup/restore a configuration
from a TFTP server on the
network
Administration > Backup/Restore
213
Update firmware
Administration > Update Firmware
214
Reset configuration to factory
defaults
Administration > Factory Default Settings
215
System information, including
device identifiers and statistics
Administration > System Information
217
Reboot the Digi device
Administration > Reboot
217
Configuration > Alarms
149
Alarms
22
Introduction
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Autoconnection: automatically
connect a user to a server or network
device
Configuration > Serial Ports > port > Profile Settings >
TCP Sockets > Automatically establish TCP connections
139
Bisynchronous (BSC)
communications
(Available in Digi Connect WAN
Sync only)
Configuration > Applications > Bisync (BSC) Settings
168
Camera settings for ConnectPort X
Family products
Configuration > Camera
147
Manage serial port connections
Management > Serial Ports
189
Manage Virtual Private Network
(VPN) connections
Management > Connections > Virtual Private Network
(VPN) Settings
189
Manage active system
connections
Management > Connections > Active System Connections
189
Manage network services
Management > Network Services
(Currently only DHCP server settings managed from here)
190
DNS Client
Configuration > Network > IP Settings > Primary DNS and
Secondary DNS
76
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) update
Configuration > Network > Dynamic DNS Update Settings
87
To configure a DHCP server:
Configuration > Network > DHCP Server Settings
To start and stop and show status of a DHCP server:
Management > Network Services > DHCP Server
Management
77
Connection management:
Domain Name System (DNS):
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) server
23
Features
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Ethernet settings
Configuration > Network > Advanced Network Settings
118
Help on configuring features
Help button on each page.
Host name for a device
Configuration > Network > Advanced Network Settings >
Host Name
118
Industrial Automation (IA)
Configuration > Serial Ports > Select Port Profile >
Industrial Automation
The Industrial Automation port profile should address most
configuration scenarios. To fine-tune your IA settings, use the
“set ia” command from the command line. See the set ia
command description in the Digi Connect Family Command
Reference.
For additional information on configuring Industrial
Automation, see this web site:
http://www.digi.com/support/ia
166
Using static IP addresses
Configuration > Network > IP Settings
64, 64,76
Using DHCP
Configuration > Network > IP Settings and
Configuration > Network > DHCP Server Settings
65, 76, 77
Using Auto IP
Configuration > Network > Advanced Settings
65, 118
IP filtering / access control
Configuration > Network > IP Filtering Settings
90
IP forwarding: Network Address
Translation (NAT) and port
forwarding configuration/static routes
Configuration > Network > IP Forwarding Settings
91
IP pass-through
Configuration > Network > IP Pass-through
94
IP address settings:
24
Introduction
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Mesh network:
Mesh network configuration
through web UI
Configuration > Mesh Network
130
170
Mesh network configuration
through Connectware Manager
Mesh network monitoring/
management through web UI
Administration > System Information > Mesh Network
See also Connectware Manager’s Mesh Network view and
detailed view of network nodes
193
Mesh network monitoring/
management through command
line
set mesh
display mesh
info zigbee_sockets
207
Configuration > Mobile
For Digi Cellular product that have a CDMA cellular module,
provisioning must be performed once.
To launch a wizard for provisioning the module, go to
Configuration > Mobile. Under Mobile Service Provider
Settings, click the Provision Device button.
Provisioning can also be performed from the command line:
121
Mobile (cellular) settings:
Provisioning CDMA cellular
modules
To display existing provisioning parameters:
“display provisioning” -- see "display" on page 30
To provision the CDMA module: "provision" on page 59
Mobile service provider and
connection settings
Configuration > Mobile
Settings displayed vary by mobile service provider.
120, 125
SureLink™ Settings
Configuration > Mobile > SureLink Settings.
125
25
Features
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Modem emulation
Configuration > Serial Ports > Port Profile Settings >
Modem Emulation
See the Connect Family Command Reference for modem
emulation commands.
141
Port logging: enabling port buffering
and displaying contents of a port
buffer
To enable port logging:
Configuration > Serial Ports > Advanced Serial Settings
To display the contents of a port buffer:
Management > Serial Ports > Port Logs
143
Port profiles: sets of preconfigured
serial-port settings for a particular
connection and use scenario
Configuration > Serial Ports > Port Profile Settings
137
Python program file management:
loading and running custom programs
authored in the Python programming
language.
Application > Python
For more information on writing and running Python programs,
see the Digi Python Programmer’s Guide.
213
RealPort (COM port redirection)
configuration
Configuration > Serial Ports > port > Port Profile Settings >
RealPort
See also the RealPort Installation Guide.
138
Remote device management through
Connectware Manager
Configuration > Remote Management
154
Reverting configuration settings
Administration > Factory Default Settings
215
Control access to inbound ports
Configuration > Serial Ports > port > Port Profile Settings >
TCP Sockets or UDP Sockets or Custom port profile
137
Secure Shell Server (SSH)
Configuration > Security > Enable SSH public key
authentication
Network > Network Services > Enable Secure Shell Server
(SSH)
163, 85
Security/access control features:
26
Introduction
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Configuration > Security
160
Basic serial port settings
Configuration > Serial Ports > Basic Serial Settings
142
Advanced serial port settings
Configuration > Serial Ports > Advanced Serial Settings
143
Port profiles: associate a serial
port with a set of preconfigured
port settings for a specific use
Configuration > Serial Ports > Port Profile Settings
137
RCI over serial mode
Configuration > Serial Ports > Advanced Serial Settings
143
RTS Toggle
Configuration > Serial Ports > Advanced Serial Settings
143
TCP serial connections
Configuration > Serial Ports > port > Port Profile Settings >
TCP Sockets port profile
139
UDP serial characteristics
Configuration > Serial Ports > port > Port Profile Settings >
UDP Sockets port profile
140
Issue a new/changed password to
a user
Serial port configuration:
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP):
Configure SNMP through the
web interface
Configuration > System > Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP) Settings
153
Enable/disable SNMP service
Configuration > Network > Network Services
82
Enable/disable SNMP alarm
traps
Configuration > Alarms > alarm > Send SNMP trap to
following destination when alarm occurs
151, 152
27
Features
Feature/task
Path to feature in the web interface
See page
Basic network and serial settings configurable through standard
and Digi-specific Management Information Blocks (MIBs).
More advanced settings must be set through the web or
command-line user interfaces, and sending alarms as SNMP
traps must be configured through the web interface, on the pages
listed above.
58, 169
System information: assign systemidentifying information to a device
Configuration > System > Device Identity Settings
153
Socket Tunnel Settings
Configuration > Network > Socket Tunnel Settings
93
Statistics for Digi devices
Administration > System Information
176
Status of Digi devices
Management > Serial Ports, Connections, Network Services
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
To configure VPN:
Configuration > Network > Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Settings
To manage VPN:
Management > Connections > Virtual Private Network
(VPN) Connections
Use SNMP as primary
configuration interface
28
99
Introduction
Hardware features
A summary of hardware features, including power-supply information, is in "Hardware
specifications" on page 220.
Network interface features
A detailed list of network interface features is in Chapter 5, "Specifications and
certifications". See also the data sheet for your Digi product.
Configurable network services
Access to network services can be enabled and disabled. This means that a device’s use of
network services can be restricted to those strictly needed by the device. To improve
device security, non-secure services, such as Telnet, can be disabled.
Network services that can be enabled or disabled include:
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP): can enable or disable ADDP, but
cannot change its network port number.
RealPort
Encrypted RealPort
HTTP/HTTPS
Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
Remote Login (rlogin)
Remote Shell (rsh)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Telnet
In the web interface, access to network services is enabled and disabled on the Network
Services page of Network Configuration. For more information, see "Network services
settings" on page 82. In the command-line interface, network services are enabled and
disabled through the set service command. See the Digi Connect Family Command
Reference for the set service command description.
29
Features
IP protocol support
All Digi devices include a Robust on-board TCP/IP stack with a built-in web server.
Supported protocols include, unless otherwise noted:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Telnet Com Port Control Option (Telnet) including support of RFC 2217
(ability to control serial port through Telnet). See "Serial data communication
over TCP and UDP" on page 31 for additional information.
Remote Login (rlogin)
Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)/HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure
Socket Layer (HTTPS)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP)
Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
Network Address Translation (NAT)/Port Forwarding
Secure Shell (SSHv2)
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Passthrough
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
ESP Passthrough
Following is an overview of some of the services provided by these protocols.
30
Introduction
Serial data communication over TCP and UDP
Digi devices support serial data communication over TCP and UDP. Key features include:
Serial data communication over TCP, also known as autoconnect and tcpserial
can automatically perform the following functions:
–
Establish bidirectional TCP connections, known as autoconnections, between
the serial device and a server or other network device. Autoconnections can be
made based on data and or serial hardware signals.
–
Control forwarding characteristics based on size, time, and pattern
–
Allow incoming raw, Telnet, and SSL/TLS (secure-socket) connections
–
Support RFC 2217, an extension of the Telnet protocol
Serial data communication over UDP, also known as udpserial, can
automatically perform the following functions:
–
Digi Connect products can automatically send serial data to one or more
devices or systems on the network using UDP sockets. Options for sending data
include whether specific data is on the serial line, a specific time period has
elapsed, or after the specified number of bytes has been received on the serial
port.
–
Control forwarding characteristics based on size, time, and patterns.
–
Support incoming datagrams from multiple destinations.
–
Support outgoing datagrams sent to multiple destinations.
TCP/UDP forwarding characteristics.
Extended communication control on TCP/UDP data paths.
–
Timeout
–
Hangup
–
User-configurable Socket ID string (text string identifier on autoconnect only)
31
Features
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can be used to automatically assign IP
addresses, deliver TCP/IP stack configuration parameters such as the subnet mask and
default router, and provide other configuration information. For further details, see "IP
address assignment alternatives" on page 39.
Auto-IP
Auto-IP is a protocol that will automatically assign an IP address from a reserved pool of
standard Auto-IP addresses to the computer on which it is installed. Digi devices are set to
obtain its IP address automatically from a DHCP server. But if the DHCP server is
unavailable or nonexistent, Auto-IP will assign the device an IP address. For further
details, see "IP address assignment alternatives" on page 39.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol for managing and
monitoring network devices. SNMP architecture enables a network administrator to
manage nodes--servers, workstations, routers, switches, hubs, etc.--on an IP network;
manage network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network
growth. Digi devices support SNMP Version 1. For more information on SNMP as a
device-management interface, see "Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)" on
page 58.
Supported RFCs and MIBs
Digi devices support these SNMP-related Request for Comments (RFCs) and
Management Information Bases (MIBs):
RFC 1213 - Management Information Base (MIB) II
RFC 1215 - Generic Traps (coldStart, linkUp, authenticationFailure only)
RFC 1316 - Character MIB
RFC 1317 - RS-232 MIB
DIGI-DEVICE-INFO.mib - A Digi enterprise MIB for displaying device
information.
DIGI-SERIAL-ALARM-TRAPS.mib - A Digi enterprise MIB for sending
alarms as SNMP traps.
32
Introduction
Supported SNMP traps
SNMP traps can be enabled or disabled. Supported SNMP traps include:
Authentication failure
Login
Cold start
Link up
Alarms can be issued in the form of SNMP traps
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) are used to provide
authentication and encryption for Digi Cellular Family products. For more information,
see "Security features" on page 42.
Telnet
Digi Cellular Family products support the following types of Telnet connections:
Telnet Client
Telnet Server
Reverse Telnet, often used for console management or device management
Telnet Autoconnect
RFC 2217, Telnet Com Port Control Option, an extension of the Telnet protocol
For more information on these connections, see "Supported connections and data paths in
Digi devices" on page 44. Access to Telnet network services can be enabled or disabled.
Remote Login (rlogin)
Users can perform logins to remote systems (rlogin). Remote Login is not supported in
Dig Connect WAN. Access to rlogin service can be enabled or disabled.
Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
The Line Printer Daemon (LPD) allows network printing over a serial port. Each serial
port has a dedicated LPD server that is independently configurable. Access to LPD service
can be enabled or disabled.
33
Features
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS)
Digi devices provide web pages for configuration that can be secured by requiring a user
login.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
ICMP statistics can be displayed, including the number of messages received, bad
messages received, and destination unreachable messages received.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) transports multi-protocol packets over point-to-point
links. PPP encapsulates the data packet, allows the server to inform the dial-up client of its
IP address (or client to request the IP address), authenticates the exchange, negotiates
multiple protocols, and reassembles the data packet for network communication. Digi
Cellular devices support PPP as the connection protocol from the Digi Cellular device to
the cellular IP network with NAT (Network Address Technology).
Network Address Translation (NAT)/Port Forwarding
Network Address Translation (NAT) reduces the need for a large amount of publicly
known IP addresses by creating a separation between publicly known and privately known
IP addresses.
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP)
The Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP) runs on any operating system capable of
sending multicast IP packets on a network. ADDP allows the system to identify all
ADDP-enabled Digi devices attached to a network by sending out a multicast packet. The
Digi devices respond to the multicast packet and identify themselves to the client sending
the multicast.
ADDP needs to communicate with the TCP/IP stack using UDP. The TCP/IP stack should
be able to receive multicast packets and transmit datagrams on a network.
Not all Digi devices support ADDP.
Access to ADDP service can be enabled or disabled, but the network port number for
ADDP cannot be changed from its default.
34
Introduction
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Passthrough
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
ESP Passthrough
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) are
routing protocols that are used to route (tunnel) various types of information between
networks.
GRE applies to the encapsulation of IP datagrams tunnelled through the internet. The
encapsulation includes security, typically in the form of IPSec (IP security), and is most
commonly found in VPN (Virtual Private Network) implementation. RFC (Request For
Comment) 1701 and 1702 define these standards.Similarly, ESP is used in conjunction
with IPsec as a possible way of carrying IP packets for a Virtual Private Network (VPN)
setup. ESP is defined in RFC 2406.
In ESP Passthrough and GRE Passthrough, inbound IPsec ESP or GSP protocol traffic is
forwarded from to a VPN device connected to the Digi device’s Ethernet port.
Note: If an Auto-key Internet Key Exchange (IKE)-based VPN is used, UDP port 500
must also be forwarded.
Mobile/Cellular features and protocol support
Provisioning wizard
For Digi devices equipped with a Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-based cellular
modem, a wizard is available in the web interface to properly configure the Digi device
with the required configuration used to access the mobile network. The wizard allows for
both automatic and manual provisioning for a variety of mobile service providers.
Digi SureLink™
All Digi Cellular Family products support the Digi SureLink™ feature. Digi SureLink
provides an “always-on” mobile network connection to ensure that a Digi device is in a
state where it can connect to the network. It does this through hardware reset thresholds
and periodic tests of the connection.
35
Features
Mobile/Cellular protocols
Protocols supported in the Digi Cellular Family include, unless otherwise noted:
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) (ConnectPort WAN
VPN only)
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, or 1xEV-DO) (ConnectPort WAN
VPN only)
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)
The GSM protocol is a digital mobile telephone system used in Europe and other parts of
the world. There are three major types of digital mobile systems and GSM is the most
widely used. GSM compresses and digitizes data and sends it down a channel along with
two other streams of user data - each in its own time slot.
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single
transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. The technology is used
in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHZ
bands and through an analog-to digital conversion enhances privacy and makes cloning
difficult.
36
Introduction
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
GPRS is based on Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication. GPRS is a packetbased wireless communication service that transports data rates from 56 up to 114 Kbps
and continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users. Higher
data rates allow users more flexibility in the media they transmit. In theory, GPRS packetbased service costs users less than circuit-switched services since communication
channels are being used on a shared-use, as-packets-are-needed basis rather than
dedicated only to one user at a time. It should also be easier to make applications available
to mobile users because the faster data rate means that middleware currently needed to
adapt applications to the slower speed of wireless systems will no longer be needed.
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
EDGE is a faster version of the GSM wireless service and designed to deliver data at rates
up to 384 Kbps and enable the delivery of multimedia and other broadband applications to
mobile phone and computer users. The EDGE standard is built on the existing GSM
standard, using the same time-division multiple access frame structure and existing cell
arrangements.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS)
(Supported in ConnectPort WAN VPN only.)
UMTS is a third-generation (3G) broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized
voice, video, and multimedia at data rates up to 2 megabits per second (Mbps) that offers a
consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no matter where they are
located in the world. Based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication
standard, UMTS, endorsed by major standards bodies and manufacturers, is the planned
standard for mobile users around the world and is at present still being made available.
Once UMTS is fully available geographically, computer and phone users can be
constantly attached to the Internet as they travel and, as they roam, have the same set of
capabilities no matter where they travel to. Users will have access through a combination
of terrestrial wireless and satellite transmissions. Until UMTS is fully implemented, users
can have multi-mode devices that switch to the currently available technology (such as
GSM 900 and 1800) where UMTS is not yet available.
Today's cellular telephone systems are mainly circuit-switched, with connections always
dependent on circuit availability. A packet-switched connection, using the Internet
Protocol (IP), means that a virtual connection is always available to any other end point in
37
Features
the network. It will also make it possible to provide new services, such as alternative
billing methods (pay-per-bit, pay-per-session, flat rate, asymmetric bandwidth, and
others). The higher bandwidth of UMTS also promises new services, such as video
conferencing. UMTS promises to realize the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) in which
a roaming user can have the same services to which the user is accustomed when at home
or in the office, through a combination of transparent terrestrial and satellite connections.
The electromagnetic radiation spectrum for UMTS has been identified as frequency bands
1885-2025 MHz for future IMT-2000 systems, and 1980-2010 MHz and 2170-2200 MHz
for the satellite portion of UMTS systems.
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, or 1xEV-DO)
EVDO is a wireless radio broadband data standard adopted by many CDMA mobile
phone service providers. It is standardized by 3GPP2, as part of the CDMA2000 family of
standards. Compared to 1xRTT (CDMA2000 1x) networks, or GPRS and EDGE
networks, 1xEV-DO is significantly faster. (Available in ConnectPort WAN VPN only.)
38
Introduction
IP address assignment alternatives
There are several ways to assign an IP address to a Digi device:
Static IP: Assign a specific IP address to a device, through the Digi Device
Setup Wizard, the web interface, or the command-line interface.
Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an Internet protocol for automating the
configuration of computers that use TCP/IP. DHCP can be used to
automatically assign IP addresses, to deliver TCP/IP stack configuration
parameters such as the subnet mask and default router, and to provide other
configuration information. All Digi devices except Digi Connect WAN IA have
a DHCP server enabled by default. Digi Connect WAN IA is configured by
default to be a DHCP client.
Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA), also known as Auto-IP: A standard
protocol that will automatically assign an IP address from a reserved pool of
standard Auto-IP addresses to the computer on which it is installed. The device
is set to obtain its IP address automatically from a DHCP server. But if the
DHCP server is unavailable or nonexistent, Auto-IP will assign the device an
IP address. If DHCP is enabled or responds later ADDP is used, both will
override the Auto-IP address previously assigned.
For more details, see "Default IP address" on page 64 and "Alternate methods for
assigning an IP address" on page 64.
39
Features
RealPort software
Digi devices use the patented RealPort COM/TTY port redirection for Microsoft
Windows. RealPort software provides a virtual connection to serial devices, no matter
where they reside on the network. The software is installed directly on the host PC and
allows applications to talk to devices across a network as though the devices were directly
attached to the host. Actually, the devices are connected to a Digi device somewhere on
the network.
RealPort is unique among COM port re-directors because it is the only implementation
that allows multiple connections to multiple ports over a single TCP/IP connection. Other
implementations require a separate TCP/IP connection for each serial port. Unique
features also include full hardware and software flow control, as well as tunable latency
and throughput.
Access to RealPort services can be enabled or disabled.
Encrypted RealPort
Digi devices also support RealPort software with encryption. Encrypted RealPort offers a
secure Ethernet connection between the COM or TTY port and a device server or terminal
server. Encryption prevents internal and external snooping of data across the network by
encapsulating the TCP/IP packets in a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection and
encrypting the data using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), one of the latest, most
efficient security algorithms. Access to Encrypted RealPort services can be enabled or
disabled.
Digi’s RealPort with encryption driver has earned Microsoft’s Windows Hardware
Quality Lab (WHQL) certification.
Drivers are available for a wide range of operating systems, including Microsoft Windows
Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME;
SCO Open Server; Linux; AIX; Sun Solaris SPARC; Intel; and HP-UX. It is ideal for
financial, retail/point-of-sale, government or any application requiring enhanced security
to protect sensitive information.
40
Introduction
Alarms
Digi devices can be configured to issue alarms, in the form of email message or SNMP
traps, when certain device events occur. These events include certain data patterns being
detected in the data stream, and cellular alarms for signal strength and amount of cellular
traffic for a given period of time. Receiving alarms about these conditions provides the
advantage of notifications being issued when events occur, rather than having to monitor
the device on an ongoing basis to determine whether these events have occurred. Alarms
can also be forwarded to Connectware Manager for display and management in that
platform. For more information on configuring alarms, see "Configure alarms" on page
149.
Modem emulation
Digi devices include a configuration profile that allows the device to emulate a modem.
Modem emulation sends and receives modem responses to a serial device over TCP/IP
(including Ethernet and Cellular) instead of Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
The modem emulation profile allows maintaining a current software application but using
it over the less expensive Ethernet network. In addition, Telnet processing can be enabled
or disabled on the incoming and outgoing modem-emulation connections.The modememulation commands supported in Digi devices are documented in the Digi Connect
Family Command Reference.
41
Features
Security features
Security-related features in Digi devices include:
Secure access and authentication:
–
One password, one permission level.
–
Can issue passwords to device users.
–
Can selectively enable and disable network services such as ADDP, RealPort,
Encrypted RealPort, HTTP/HTTPS, LPD, Remote Login, Remote Shell,
SNMP, and Telnet.
–
Can control access to inbound ports.
–
Secure sites for configuration: HTML pages for configuration have appropriate
security.
Encryption:
–
Strong Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) V3.0/ Transport Layer Security (TLS)
V1.0-based encryption: DES (64-bit), 3DES (192-bit), AES (128-/192-/256bit), IPsec ESP: DES, 3DES, AES.
–
Encrypted RealPort offers encryption for the Ethernet connection between the
COM/TTY port and the Digi device.
SNMP security:
42
–
Authorization: Changing public and private community names is
recommended to prevent unauthorized access to the device.
–
SNMP “set” commands can be disabled to make use of SNMP read-only.
Introduction
Configuration management
Once a Digi device is configured and running, configuration-management tasks need to be
periodically performed, such as:
Upgrading firmware
Copying configurations to and from a remote host
Software and factory resets
Rebooting the device
Memory management
File management
For more information on these configuration-management tasks, see Chapter 4,
"Administration tasks".
Customization capabilities
Several aspects of using Digi devices can be customized. For example:
The look-and-feel of the device interface can be customized, to use a different
company logo or screen colors.
Custom factory defaults to which devices can be reverted can be defined.
The Digi Connect Family Customization and Integration Guide (Part Number 90000734;
available with the Digi Connect Integration Kit) describes customization and integration
tools and processes. Contact Digi International for more information on customization
tools and resources and for assistance with customization efforts.
43
Supported connections and data paths in Digi devices
Supported connections and data paths in Digi devices
Digi devices allow for several kinds of connections and paths for data flow between the
Digi device and other entities. These connections can be grouped into two main
categories:
Network services, in which a remote entity initiates a connection to a Digi
device.
Network/serial clients, in which a Digi device initiates a network connection or
opens a serial port for communication.
This discussion of connections and data paths may be helpful in understanding the effects
of enabling certain features and choosing certain settings when configuring Digi products.
Network services
A network service connection is one in which a remote entity initiates a connection to a
Digi device. There are several categories of network services:
Network services associated with specific serial ports
Network services associated with serial ports in general
Network services associated with the command-line interface (CLI)
Network services associated with specific serial ports
Network service connections associated with specific serial ports include:
Reverse Telnet: A telnet connection is made to a Digi device, in which data is
passed transparently between the telnet connection and a named serial port.
Reverse raw socket: A raw TCP socket connection is made to a Digi device, in
which data is passed transparently between the socket and a named serial port.
Reverse TLS socket: An encrypted raw TCP socket is made to a Digi device, in
which data is passed transparently to and from a named serial port.
LPD: A TCP connection is made to a named serial port, in which the Digi
device interprets the LPD protocol and sends a print job out of the serial port.
Modem emulation, also known as Pseudo-modem (pmodem): A TCP
connection is made to a named serial port, and the connection will be
“interpreted” as an incoming call to the pseudo-modem.
44
Introduction
Network services associated with serial ports in general
Network service connections associated with serial ports in general include:
RealPort: A single TCP connection manages (potentially) multiple serial ports.
Modem emulation, also known as pseudo-modem (pool): A TCP connection to
the “pool” port is interpreted as an incoming call to an available pseudo-modem
in the “pool” of available port numbers.
rsh: Digi devices support a limited implementation of the Remote shell (rsh)
protocol, in that a single service listens to connections and allows a command
to be executed. Only one class of commands is allowed: a single integer that
specifies which serial port to connect to. Otherwise, the resulting connection is
somewhat similar to a reverse telnet or reverse socket connection.
Network services associated with the command-line interface
Network service connections associated with the command-line interface include:
Telnet: A user can Telnet directly to a Digi device’s command-line interface.
rlogin: A user can perform a remote login (rlogin) to a Digi device’s commandline interface.
45
Supported connections and data paths in Digi devices
Network/serial clients
A network/serial client connection is one in which a Digi device initiates a network
connection or opens a serial port for communication. There are several categories of
network/serial client connections:
Autoconnect behavior client connections
Command-line interface (CLI)-based clients
Modem emulation (pseudo-modem) client connections
Autoconnect behavior client connections
In client connections that involve autoconnect behaviors, a Digi device initiates a network
connection based on timing, serial activity, or serial modem signals. Autoconnect-related
client connections include:
Raw TCP connection: The Digi device initiates a raw TCP socket connection to
a remote entity.
Telnet connection: The Digi device initiates a TCP connection using the Telnet
protocol to a remote entity.
Raw TLS encrypted connection: The Digi device initiates an encrypted raw
TCP socket connection to a remote entity.
Rlogin connection: The Digi device initiates a TCP connection using the rlogin
protocol to a remote entity.
Command-line interface (CLI)-based client connections
Command-line interface based client connections are available for use once a user has
established a session with the Digi device’s CLI. CLI-based client connections include:
telnet: A connection is made to a remote entity using the Telnet protocol.
rlogin: A connection is made to a remote entity using the Rlogin protocol.
connect: Begin communicating with a local serial port.
Modem emulation (pseudo-modem) client connections
When a port is in the modem-emulation or pseudo-modem mode, it can initiate network
connections based on AT command strings received on the serial port.The AT commands
for modem emulation are documented in the Digi Connect Family Command Reference.
46
Introduction
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Following is an overview of the configuration capabilities and interfaces for Digi devices.
Chapter 2, "Configure Digi devices" covers these capabilities and interfaces in more
detail.
Configuration capabilities
Device configuration involves setting values and enabling features for such areas as:
Network configuration: Specifying the device’s IP address and IP settings,
network-service settings, and advanced network settings.
Mobile (cellular) configuration: Specifying the mobile service provider and
mobile connection settings for the device.
Serial port configuration: Specifying the serial port characteristics for the
device.
Alarms: Defining whether alarms should be issued, the conditions that trigger
alarms, and how the alarms should be delivered.
Security/Users configuration: Configuring security features, such as whether
password authentication is required for device users.
System configuration: Specifying system-identifying information, such as a
device description, contact person, and physical location.
47
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Configuration interfaces
Several interfaces are available for configuring Digi devices, including:
The Digi Device Setup Wizard, which helps set up an IP address for the device
and quickly configure features.
The Digi Device Discovery Utility, which locates Digi devices on a network,
and allows opening the web interface for the devices.
A web-based interface embedded with the product, providing device
configuration profiles for quick serial-port configuration and other settings.
For Digi Cellular Family products, the web interface is the preferred interface
for configuration. As all Digi Cellular Family products except
Digi Connect WAN IA ship with a default static IP address of 192.168.1.1 for
the Ethernet port. Simply connecting a laptop computer to the Ethernet port
allows direct access to the web interface for configuration.
A command-line interface (CLI).
Connectware Manager, a configuration interface to fine-tune or monitor
Connectware devices. Connectware Manager cannot assign an IP address but it
can change one.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
48
Introduction
The Digi Device Setup wizard
The Digi Device Setup Wizard is a wizard, for configuring Digi devices. It is provided on
the CD shipped with each product. It assigns an IP address for the device, configures the
device’s serial port parameters based on a selected configuration scenario called a port
profile, and determines whether RealPort software needs to be installed.
Digi Cellular Family products have a predefined IP address of 192.168.1.1 for the
Ethernet port (see "Default IP address" on page 64). Instead of using the Digi Device
Setup Wizard to obtain an IP address for the Ethernet port, you can simply connect to the
Ethernet port of the Digi device, and directly access the web interface for device
configuration. For these products, consider the Digi Device Setup Wizard as an alternative
method for obtaining an IP address.
Using the Digi Device Setup Wizard provides these advantages:
For most users, the Digi Device Setup Wizard interface provides adequate
device configuration.
Device configuration is made easier by providing a set of port profiles which
configure a serial port based on the way the port will be used. Each port profile
displays the relevant settings for the configuration.
The Digi Device Setup Wizard is intended to be run only once, and is not
installed on a user’s PC.
49
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Disadvantages of the Digi Device Setup Wizard as an interface include:
While the wizard is available in Microsoft Windows or UNIX platforms, it
requires Microsoft Windows for full support, and the PC running Windows
usually needs to be on same network segment as the Digi device. The Unix
version of the Wizard does not include all the features of the Windows version.
The Unix version is limited to network configuration settings, and does not
allow configuring or choosing a scenario through port profiles.
Some sites disallow users from running wizards, which would prevent users at
such sites from using this interface.
While the configuration capabilities of the Digi Device Setup Wizard are
acceptable for most Digi device users, it only provides for the most common
configuration scenarios, and is not as flexible as configuring through the web
interface or the command line.
The device discovery responses can be blocked by personal firewalls, VPN
software, and certain network equipment. Disabling personal firewalls is not
always possible.
To access the Digi Device Setup Wizard, insert the Software and Documentation CD that
accompanies the Digi device in a PC’s CD drive. The Digi Device Setup Wizard will
automatically start.
The Digi Device Setup Wizard has online help, accessed from the Help button on wizard
screens.
50
Introduction
Digi Device Discovery utility
The Digi Device Discovery utility can be used to locate a Digi device and open its web
interface. It uses the Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP), a Digi Internationalproprietary protocol for discovering devices on networks, to discover the Digi devices on
a network, and displays the discovered devices in a list, as shown below.
51
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Advantages of the Digi Device Discovery utility are:
It quickly locates Digi devices and basic device information, such as the
device’s address, firmware revision, and whether it has been configured.
ADDP runs on any operating system capable of sending multicast IP packets to
a network. ADDP sends out a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) multicast packet
to all devices on the network. Devices that support ADDP reply to this UDP
multicast with their configuration information. This means that even devices
that do not yet have an IP address assigned, or that are misconfigured for the
subnet, can reply to the UDP multicast packet, and be displayed in the device
discovery results.
Disadvantages include:
Device discovery responses can be blocked by personal firewalls, Virtual
Private Network (VPN) software, and certain network equipment in place.
Firewalls will block UDP ports 2362 and 2363 that ADDP uses to discover
devices.
Not all Digi devices support ADDP.
The Digi Device Discovery utility is available on the Software and Documentation CD
that accompanies the Digi device. After installing the utility, it is available from the Start
menu.
Access to the ADDP service can be enabled or disabled, but the network port number for
ADDP cannot be changed from its default.
For more information on the Digi Device Discovery utility, see page 69.
52
Introduction
The Web interface
A web interface is provided as an easy way to configure and monitor Digi devices.
Configurable features are grouped into several categories. These categories vary by
product; examples include Network, Serial Port, Alarms, System, Remote Management,
Security. Most of the configurable features are arranged by most basic settings on a page,
with associated and advanced settings accessible from that page. As in the Digi Device
Setup Wizard, serial-port configurations are classified into port profiles, or configuration
scenarios that best represents the environment in which the Digi device will be used.
Selecting a particular port profile configures the serial port parameters that are needed.
For some features, it may be desirable to establish a basic configuration using the Digi
Device Setup Wizard, and then fine-tune the configuration using the web interface.
53
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Advantages of the web interface include
Ease of use, including point-and-click functionality and wizards that make
configuration quick and complete.
Secure access to devices.
No need for programming experience.
Port profiles simplify the configuration process.
A potential disadvantage of the web interface is that not all settings provided by the
command-line interface are displayed. However, the configuration settings in the web
interface should be sufficient for most users. If necessary, settings can be modified later
from the command line.
To access the web interface, enter the Digi Cellular Family device’s IP address or host
name in a browser’s URL window. The main menu of the web interface is displayed.
For more information, see "Configuration through the web interface" on page 68.
The web interface has a tutorial, accessed from the Home page, and online help, accessed
from the Help link on each page.
54
Introduction
Command-line interface
Digi devices can be configured by issuing commands from the command line. The
command-line interface allows communication directly without a graphical interface. For
example, the following is a command issued from the command line to assign the IP
address to the Ethernet interface:
#> set network ip=192.168.1.1
Advantages of the command-line interface include:
Flexibility. Although the command-line Interface is for experienced users and
considered complex, it allows flexibility for precise configuration alterations.
Direct communication to device or system.
Disadvantages of the command-line interface include:
Users must have experience issuing commands.
Command documentation is required.
The command line allows the greatest flexibility to configure Digi devices, but
is also considered complex.
The command line is available through Telnet or SSH TCP/IP connections, or through
serial port using terminal emulation software such as Hyperterminal. Access to the
command line from serial ports depends on the port profile in use by the port. By default,
serial port command-line access is allowed.
See "Configuration through the command line" on page 166 for more information on this
interface. See the Digi Connect Family Command Reference for command descriptions
and examples of entering configuration commands from the command-line interface. In
addition, online help is available for the commands, through the help and ‘?’ commands.
55
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Connectware Manager interface
Connectware Manager is an optional, centralized device and network management
package. From the Connectware Manager interface, you can:
Configure devices
Remotely upgrade device firmware
Remotely reboot devices
Reset devices to factory defaults
Backup/restore device configuration properties
Import or export the device configuration properties.
Track devices
Monitor devices and connections
Set filters and send alarms
Collect and analyze traffic information
Manage the Connectware Manager server, including shutting down, stopping,
restarting, and reconfiguring the server, and displaying reports and logs on
server activity.
56
Introduction
Advantages of the Connectware Manager interface are:
Allows multiple devices to be managed (configured and monitored) from one
source. This multiple-device, network-view capability is particularly useful for
Cellular and ConnectPort X products.
The server can also be managed from same location.
Logs and reports can be generated and reviewed. Summaries or totals can be
linked back to the original devices for more thorough investigations.
Disadvantages include:
Devices must be provisioned (assigned an IP address) before they can be
accessed on Connectware Manager. Use the Digi Device Setup Wizard to
provision devices.
If used to manage a device, some of the device configuration options that are
available on other device configuration interfaces, such as the web and
command-line interfaces, will not be available.
To minimize network traffic, Connectware Manager uses caching. As a result,
device settings can be out-of-sync between the device and the settings viewed
on the Connectware Manager console.
Connectware Manager requires a dedicated computer to act as a Connectware
Manager server.
For more information on Connectware Manager as an remote management interface, see
these resources:
"Configure remote management (Connectware Manager) settings" on page
154. This section shows how to configure Connectware Management settings
within Digi devices.
"Configuration through Connectware Manager" on page 170.
"Monitoring capabilities from Connectware Manager" on page 206
Connectware Manager Getting Started Guide
57
Configuration capabilities and interfaces
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol for managing and
monitoring network devices. The SNMP architecture enables a network administrator to
manage nodes--servers, workstations, routers, switches, hubs, etc.--on an IP network;
manage network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network
growth. Digi Cellular Family products support SNMP Version 1.
Advantages of SNMP include:
SNMP is easy to implement in extensive networks.
Programming new variables is easy.
SNMP is widely used. SNMP is a standard interface that integrates well with
network management stations in an enterprise environment. While its
capabilities are limited to device monitoring and display of statistics in Digi
Cellular Family devices, read/write capabilities are expected to be added to
Digi Cellular Family devices in future releases.
It is easy to ‘drop in’ new devices.
Disadvantages include:
As device communication is UDP-based, the communication is not secure. If
more secure communications with a device are required, an alternate interface
must be used.
SNMP does not allow for certain task that can be performed from the web
interface, such as file management, uploading firmware, or backing up and
restoring configurations.
Compared to the web or command-line interfaces, SNMP is limited in its
ability to set specific parameters, such as set port profile, is not possible.
Accessing the SNMP interface requires a tool, such as a network management station. The
management station relies on an agent at a device to retrieve or update the information at
the device, including Device configuration, status, and statistical information. This
information is viewed as a logical database, called a Management Information Base
(MIB). MIB modules describe MIB variables for a variety of device types and computer
hardware and software components.
58
Introduction
Standard MIBs supported
The standard MIBs supported in Digi Cellular Family devices are:
MIB-II (RFC 1213) This is a MIB for managing a TCP/IP network. It is an
update of the original MIB, now called MIB-I. MIB-II contains variable
definitions that describe the most basic information needed to manage a TCP/IP
network. These variable definitions are organized into several groups, such as
groups for managing the system, network interfaces, address translation,
transmission media, and various protocols, including IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP,
EGP, and SNMP.
CHARACTER-MIB (RFC 1658)
RS-232-MIB (RFC 1659).
Digi enterprise MIBs supported
In addition to the standard MIBs, Digi devices use several Digi enterprise MIBs,
including:
DIGI-DEVICE-INFO.mib: for handling device information. This MIB gives
access to elements like the firmware revision, device name, IP network
information, memory, and CPU statistics.
DIGI-SERIAL-ALARM-TRAPS.mib: for handling alarms sent as SNMP traps.
Additional SNMP resources
A variety of resources about SNMP are available, including reference books, overviews,
and other files on the Internet. For an overview of the SNMP interface and the
components of MIB-II, go to www.rfceditor.org, and search for MIB-II. From the
results, locate the text file describing the SNMP interface, titled Management Information
Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II. The text of the Digi
enterprise MIBs can also be displayed.
For additional discussion of using SNMP as a device monitoring interface, see
"Monitoring Capabilities from SNMP" on page 208.
59
Monitoring capabilities and interfaces
Monitoring capabilities and interfaces
There are several capabilities and interfaces for monitoring Digi devices and managing
their connections; these are covered in more detail in Chapter 3, "Monitor and manage
Digi devices".
Monitoring Digi devices includes such tasks as checking device status, checking runtime
state, viewing serial port operations, and reviewing network statistics, and managing their
connections.
Monitoring interfaces
As with device configuration, there are several interfaces available for monitoring Digi
devices, including:
The web interface embedded with the product
SNMP
The command-line interface
Connectware Manager
Web Interface
The web interface has several screens for monitoring Digi devices:
Network Status
Mobile connection status
Serial Port Management: for each port, the port’s description, current profile,
and current serial configuration.
Connections Management: A display of all active system connections.
60
Introduction
System Information:
–
General device information
–
Serial port information: for each port, the port’s description, current profile, and
current serial configuration. This is the same information displayed by
choosing Serial Port Management.
–
Network statistics: statistics for IP, TCP, UDP, and ICMP
Command-line interface
Several commands can be issued from the command line to monitor devices. For a review
of these commands and what they can provide from a device-monitoring perspective, see
"Monitoring capabilities from the command line" on page 198.
Connectware Manager
In the Connectware Manager interface, monitoring capabilities can be sorted by the server
and the devices managed by the server. The information is available in logs and can be
generated into reports. When available, the reports post linked totals that can be drilled
back to the original devices that make up the activity of the report.
Connectware Manager is well-suited to managing Cellular and ConnectPort X Family
devices and the networks in which the devices reside. Advantages include:
The ability to view an entire network, and multiple networks, at once
Easy to view signal strength, link quality, and alarms
SNMP
Monitoring capabilities of SNMP include managing network performance, gathering
device statistics, and finding and solving network problems. For more information on
using SNMP for device-monitoring purposes, see "Monitoring Capabilities from SNMP"
on page 208.
61
Administration tasks
Administration tasks
Periodically, administrative tasks need to be performed on Digi devices, such as:
Uploading and managing files
Changing the password for logging onto the device
Backing up and restoring the configuration
Updating firmware
Restoring the configuration to factory defaults
Rebooting the module
As with configuration and monitoring tasks, administration can be done from a number of
interfaces, including the web interface, command line, and Connectware Manager. See
Chapter 4, "Administration tasks" for more information and procedures.
62
Configure Digi devices
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
2
This chapter describes how to configure a Digi device. It covers these topics:
"Default IP address" on page 64, identifying the predefined static IP address for
your Digi device.
"Alternate methods for assigning an IP address" on page 64
"Configuration through the web interface" on page 68.
"Configuration through the command line" on page 166.
"Configuration through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)" on
page 169.
"Batch capabilities for configuring multiple devices" on page 174.
The primary focus of this chapter is on configuring Digi devices through the web
interface. To use the Digi Device Setup Wizard for initial configuration, see the online
help for the Wizard. For instructions on launching the wizard, see "Configure an IP
address using the Digi Device Setup Wizard" on page 64.
63
Default IP address
Default IP address
ConnectPort X Family products ship with a a default static IP address for the Ethernet
port of 192.168.1.1 and a a DHCP server enabled by default. Therefore, simply
connecting a laptop computer to the Ethernet port of these products allows direct access to
the web interface for configuration.
Alternate methods for assigning an IP address
There are several alternate ways to assign an IP address to a Digi device:
Using the Digi Device Setup Wizard.
Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) from the web interface.
Using the command-line interface.
Using Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), also known as Auto-IP.
Configure an IP address using the Digi Device Setup Wizard
The Digi Device Setup Wizard is supplied on the Software and Documentation CD. Using
this wizard is the easiest way to assign an IP address and initially configure Digi devices.
It discovers Digi devices on a network, configures an IP address, and configures basic
serial port parameters according to how the device will be used. After this initial
configuration, features can be fine-tuned as needed through the web interface. Setup is
specially designed for the Windows environments, and is quick, automated, and complete.
To use the Digi Device Setup Wizard:
64
1
Connect the Digi deviceto the network and power it on.
2
Locate the MAC address for the Digi device; it is on a label on the bottom of the
product. Record it for later use in assigning an IP address.
3
Insert the Digi CD in the CD drive of a computer running Microsoft Window. If the
CD does not start automatically, double-click
My Computer > CD ROM Drive > setup.exe.
Configure Digi devices
4
The Digi Device Setup Wizard automatically starts. Select the appropriate platform
and click Next.
The Digi device discovery utility finds and lists all of the Digi devices on the
network.
5
Locate the Digi device by its MAC address.
6
Select the Digi device and click Next.
7
Follow the instructions in the wizard to assign an IP address for the Digi device.
Use the online help supplied with the wizard for information about values and
selections on the wizard screens.
Configure an IP address using DHCP
A IP address can also be configured using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
If desired, set up a permanent entry for the Digi device device on a DHCP server. While
this is not necessary to obtain an IP address via DHCP, setting up a permanent entry means
the IP address is saved when the device is rebooted. For more information on DHCP
server configuration, see "DHCP server settings" on page 77.
Configure an IP address using Auto-IP
The standard protocol Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA or Auto-IP) assigns the
IP address from the reserved IP addresses in Auto-IP. Use ADDP or DHCP to find the
device and assign it a new IP address that compatible with your network. Once the unit is
plugged in, Auto-IP automatically assigns the IP address.
65
Alternate methods for assigning an IP address
Configure an IP address from the command-line interface
The set network command configures an IP address from the command line. Include the
following parameters:
ip=device ip: The IP address for the device.
gateway=gateway: The network gateway IP address.
submask=device submask: The device subnet mask.
dhcp=off: Turns off use of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP),
so that the IP address assigned is permanent.
static=on: Specifies that the IP address is static, and will remain as the
specified IP address, gateway, and submask.
For example:
set network ip=10.0.0.100 gateway=10.0.0.1
submask=255.255.255.0 dhcp=off static=on
IP addresses and Connectware Manager
The Connectware Manager interface can only change the Ethernet/LAN address for a Digi
device. The mobile/cellular device is typically provided by the mobile service provider;
check with your mobile service provider on how they handle addresses. To change the IP
address, open the web interface for based on the IP address the device has and navigate to
Configuration > Network > IP Settings. On the IP Settings page, enter the new IP
address, subnet mask, and gateway.
To use Connectware Manager, first configure the Digi device using the Digi Device Setup
Wizard, then install Connectware Manager. For more information, see the Connectware
Manager Operator’s Guide.
66
Configure Digi devices
Test the IP address configuration
Once the IP address is assigned, test the IP address configuration to be sure it works as
configured. This procedure assumes that the Digi device has an IP address.
1
Access the command line of a PC or other networked device.
2
Issue the following command:
ping ip-address
where ip-address is the address assigned to the Digi device. For example:
ping 192.168.2.2
67
Configuration through the web interface
Configuration through the web interface
Configuring Digi devices through the web interface involves these tasks:
Change the IP address, as needed. See page 74.
Open the web interface. See page 69.
Configure network communications. See page 75.
Configure mobile (cellular) settings, including provisioning the Digi Cellular
Family device, mobile service provider settings, mobile connection settings,
and SureLink settings. See page 119.
Configure Mesh network settings. See page 130.
Configure the serial ports. See page 137.
Configure camera settings.
Configure alarms. See page 149.
Configure security/user features such as user names and password
authentication. See page 160.
Configure system-identifying information and the settings for Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP). See page 153.
Configure remote management using a Connectware Manager server. See
page 154.
Configure and run applications available for use. Supported applications vary.
See page 164.
–
68
For ConnectPort X Family products, manage programs authored in the
Python® programming language. See page 164.
Configure Digi devices
Open the web interface
To open the web interface, either enter the Digi device’s URL in a web browser and log on
to the device, if required, or use the Digi Device Discovery utility to locate it and open its
web interface.
By entering the Digi device’s IP address in a web browser
1
In the URL address bar of a web browser, enter the IP address of the device.
2
If security has not been enabled for the Digi device, the Home page of the web
interface is displayed. If security has been enabled for the Digi device, a login
dialog will be displayed. Enter the user name and password for the device. The
default username is root and the default password is dbps. If these defaults do not
work, contact the system administrator who set up the device. Then the Home page
of the web interface is displayed. See "Organization of the web interface" on page
71 for an overview of using the Home page and other linked pages.
Note The idle timeout automatically logs users out of the web interface after 5
minutes of inactivity if password authentication has been enabled for the
device.
By using the Digi Device Discovery utility
Alternatively, use the Digi Device Discovery Utility to locate the Digi device and open its
web interface.
Install Digi Device Discovery utility
The Digi Device Discovery Utility is available on the Software and Documentation CD. If
this utility is not already available on your computer, follow these steps.
1
On the main page Software and Documentation CD, click software - install
optional software.
2
Select Device Discovery Utility and click Install.
3
Follow the prompts of the Setup Wizard to install the Digi Device Discovery Utility
software.
69
Configuration through the web interface
Discover devices
From the start menu, select Start > Programs > Digi Connect > Digi Device Discovery.
The Digi Device Discovery application is displayed.
Locate the device in the list of devices, and double-click it, or select the Digi device from
the list and select Open web interface in the Device Tasks list.
4
70
Depending on whether a system administrator has configured password
authentication for the device, a login may be required. If a login dialog is displayed,
enter the user name and password for the Digi device. The default username is root
and the default password is dbps. If these defaults do not work, contact the system
administrator who initially set up the device. Now configure the Digi device, as
described on the following pages.
Configure Digi devices
Organization of the web interface
When web interface is opened, the Home page is displayed.
Here is a home page for a ConnectPort X Family product.
71
Configuration through the web interface
The Home page
The left side of the Home page has a menu of choices that display pages for configuration,
management, and administration tasks, and to log out of the web interface. This chapter
focuses on the choices under Configuration and Application. For details on monitoring
Digi devices and the choices under Management, see Chapter 3, "Monitor and manage
Digi devices". For details on the tasks under Administration, see Chapter 4,
"Administration tasks".
Clicking Logout logs out of a configuration and management session with a Digi device.
It does not close the browser window, but displays a logout window. To finish logging out
of the web interface and prevent access by other users, close the browser window. Or, log
back on to the device by clicking the link on the screen. After 5 minutes of inactivity, the
idle timeout also automatically performs a user logout.
The Getting Started section has a link to a tutorial on configuring and managing Digi
device.
The System Summary section notes all available device-description information.
Configuration pages
The choices under Configuration in the menu display pages for configuring settings for
various features, such as network settings, mobile settings, and serial port settings.
Some of the configuration settings are organized on sets of linked screens. For example,
the Network Configuration screen initially displays the IP Settings, and provides links to
Network Services Settings, Advanced Settings, and other network settings appropriate to
the Digi device.
72
Configure Digi devices
Application pages
Depending on the Digi device, there may be an Application menu item for configuring
various applications available for use in the device.
Python: For loading and running custom programs authored in the Python
programming language onto ConnectPort X Family devices.
Apply and save changes
The web interface runs locally on the device, which means that the interface always
maintains and displays the latest settings in the Digi device.
On each screen, the Apply button is used to save any changes to the configuration settings
to the Digi device.
Cancel changes
To cancel changes to configuration settings, click the Refresh or Reload button on the
web browser. This causes the browser to reload the page. Any changes made since the last
time the Apply button was clicked are reset to their original values.
Restore the Digi device to factory defaults
The device configuration can be reset to factory defaults as needed during the
configuration process. See "Restore a device configuration to factory defaults" on page
215.
Online help
Online help is available for all screens of the web interface, and for common configuration
and administration tasks. There is also tutorial available on the Home page.
73
Configuration through the web interface
Change the IP address from the web interface, as needed
Normally, IP addresses are assigned to Digi devices either through DHCP or the Digi
Device Setup Wizard.
This procedure assumes that the Digi device already has an IP address and you simply
want to change it.
74
1
Open a web browser and enter the Digi device’s current IP address in the URL
address bar.
2
If security is enabled for the Digi device, a login prompt is displayed. Enter the user
name and password for the device. The default username is root and the default
password is dbps. If these defaults do not work, contact the system administrator
who set up the device.
3
Click Network to access the Network Configuration page.
4
On the IP Settings page, select Use the following IP address.
5
Enter an IP address (and other network settings), then click Apply to save the
configuration.
Configure Digi devices
Configure network communications
The Network configuration pages include:
IP Settings: For viewing IP address settings and changing as needed. See
page 76.
DHCP Server Settings: For configuring a DHCP server to allow other devices
or hosts on this network to be assigned dynamic IP addresses. See page 77.
Network Services Settings: Enable and disables access to various network
services, such as ADDP, RealPort and Encrypted RealPort, Telnet, HTTP/
HTTPS, and other services. See page 82.
Dynamic DNS Update Settings: For configuring a Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
service that allows a user whose IP address is dynamically assigned to be
located by a host or domain name. See page 87.
IP Filtering Settings: For configuring the Digi Cellular Family device to only
accept connections from specific and known IP addresses or networks. See
page 90.
IP Forwarding Settings: For configuring the Digi Cellular Family device to
forward certain connections to other devices. This is also known as Network
Address Translation (NAT) or Port Forwarding. See page 91.
Socket Tunnel Settings: For configuring a socket tunnel, used to connect two
network devices: one on the Digi Cellular Family device’s local network and
the other on the remote network. See page 93.
Virtual Private Network (VPN) Settings: For configuring Virtual Private
Networks, which are used to securely connect two private networks together so
that devices may connect from one network to the other network using secure
channels. See page 99.
IP Pass-through Settings: Configures a Digi Cellular Family device to pass its
mobile IP address directly through and to the Ethernet device (router or PC) to
which it is connected through the Ethernet port. The Digi Cellular Family
device becomes transparent (similar to the behavior of a cable or DSL modem)
to provide a bridge from the mobile network directly to the end device attached
to the Digi Cellular Family device. See page 94.
Advanced Network Settings: Configures the Ethernet Interface speed and
mode, TCP/IP settings, TCP keepalive settings, and DHCP settings. See
page 118.
75
Configuration through the web interface
Alternatives for configuring network communications
There are three ways a Digi devicecan be configured on the network.
Using dynamic settings: All network settings will be assigned automatically
by the network, using a protocol called DHCP. Contact your network
administrator to find out if a DHCP server is available.
Using static settings: All network settings are set manually and will not
change. The IP address and Subnet Mask are mandatory. The rest are not
mandatory, but may be needed for some functions. Contact your network
administrator for the required values.
Using Auto-IP: Auto-IP assigns an IP address to the Digi device immediately
after it is plugged in. If running DHCP or ADDP, the Auto-IP address is
overridden and a network compatible IP address is assigned, or a static IP
address can be assigned.
Digi Cellular Family products have two IP addresses: one for Ethernet and one for
cellular. All Digi Cellular Family products except Digi Connect WAN IA have a predefined default Ethernet Port IP address of 192.168.1.1.
Even if a DHCP server is available, the device configuration may work better with static
settings. Once set, static settings will not change, so you and other network devices can
always find the Digi deviceby its IP address. With dynamic settings, the DHCP server can
change the IP address. This can happen frequently or infrequently depending on how your
network administrator has configured the network.
When the IP address does change, you and other network devices configured to talk to the
Digi devicecan no longer access the device. In this case, the Digi device must be located
the Digi Device Discovery utility, and other network devices that need to communicate
with the Digi device must be reconfigured.
IP settings
The IP Settings page shows how the IP address of the Digi deviceis obtained, either by
DHCP or by using a static IP address, subnet mask, default gateway. In addition, this page
shows IP addresses of the primary and secondary Domain Name System (DNS) server for
the Digi device. Contact your network administrator for more information about these
settings, and see the online help.
76
Configure Digi devices
DHCP server settings
The DHCP server feature can be enabled in a Digi device to allow other devices or hosts
on this network to be assigned dynamic IP addresses. This DHCP server supports a single
subnetwork scope.
For the DHCP server to operate, the Digi device must be configured to use a static IP
address. For information on how to configure static IP settings, see "IP settings" on page
76.
The Digi Connect WAN IA has different factory defaults for DHCP server. The DHCP
server is disabled, and DHCP Client enabled.
For information on how to manage the DHCP server, see "Manage DHCP server
operation" on page 190.
DHCP terminology
Some key DHCP terms involved in configuring a DHCP server include:
scope
A scope is the full consecutive range of possible IP addresses for a network. A scope
typically defines a single physical subnet on your network, to which DHCP services are
offered. A scope is the primary way for the DHCP server to manage distribution and
assignment of IP addresses and related configuration parameters to its clients on the
network.
exclusion range
An exclusion range is a limited sequence of IP addresses within a scope, excluded from
DHCP service offerings. Exclusion ranges assure that any addresses in these ranges are
not offered by the server to DHCP clients on your network.
address pool
After the scope is defined and exclusion ranges are applied, the remaining addresses
form the available address pool within the scope. The addresses in this pool are
available for dynamic assignment by the server to DHCP clients on your network.
77
Configuration through the web interface
lease
A lease is the length of time that the DHCP server specifies, during which a client host
can use an assigned IP address. When the DHCP server grants a lease to a client, the
lease is active. Before the lease expires, the client typically needs to renew its address
lease assignment with the DHCP server. A lease becomes inactive when it expires or it
is deleted at the server, or if the client actively releases the lease. The duration of a lease
determines when it will expire and how often the client needs to renew it with the DHCP
server in order to retain the lease.
A DHCP server will never grant a lease to its own address. There is no need for its own
address to be in the exclusion range; the DHCP server simply protects its address from
being offered.
grace period
When a DHCP client actively releases a lease, or when the lease expires without being
renewed by the client, the DHCP server does not immediately delete the lease record
and return the associated IP address to the available address pool. A grace period is the
interval of time for which the lease record is retained before the DHCP server
automatically deletes the record from its lease list, thereby making the IP address
available for lease assignment to another client. The grace period is not a configurable
value. See also the discussion of the grace period and what it means when the DHCP
server is running in "View and manage current DHCP leases" on page 191.
reservation
You may use a reservation to create a permanent address lease assignment by the DHCP
server. Reservations assure that a specified hardware device on the subnet can always
use the same IP address. Address lease reservations associate a specific IP address with
a specific client's Ethernet MAC address.
options
Options are other client configuration parameters that the DHCP server can assign when
serving leases to DHCP clients. Most options are defined in RFC 2132. The DHCP
server in Digi device supports a limited set of options:
78
–
Option 3: Routers on Subnet
–
Option 6: DNS Servers
Configure Digi devices
Addresses in the DHCP server settings
The IP address and subnet mask of the DHCP server's scope are the static IP configuration
settings for the Digi device itself.
The default gateway (router) provided to a client with the lease information is the IP
address of the Digi device.
The DNS servers provided to a client with the lease information are the DNS server
addresses configured in the Digi device. These addresses include any DNS server
addresses that the Digi device acquires when it connects to the mobile network.
DHCP server configuration settings
Here are the configuration settings for the DHCP server. Typically, these settings can be
modified without having to restart the DHCP server for the changes to become effective in
the running server.
Enable Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server: Enables the
DHCP server feature on this Digi device. Note that for the DHCP server to
operate, the Digi device must be configured to use a static IP address. For
information on how to configure static IP settings, see "IP settings" on page 76.
IP Addresses: The starting and ending IP addresses for the scope being served
by this DHCP server. These addresses must be in the same subnet as the Digi
device itself.
Lease Duration: The length of the leases for the scope being served by this
DHCP server. The default lease duration is 24 hours. A DHCP client may
request a lease duration other than this setting, and the DHCP server will grant
that request if possible.
Wait specified delay before sending DHCP offer reply: The interval of time
in milliseconds to delay before offering a lease to a new client. The default
delay is 500ms, and the range is 0 to 5000ms. Use of this delay permits this
Digi device to reside on a network with other DHCP servers, yet not offer
leases to new clients unless the other DHCP servers do not make such an offer.
This provides a measure of protection against inadvertently connecting a Digi
device to a network that is running its own DHCP server(s), and offering leases
to clients in a manner inconsistent with that network.
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Configuration through the web interface
Check that an IP address is not in use before offering it: When a DHCP
client requests a new IP address lease, before offering an IP address to that
client, use “ping” to test whether that IP address is already in use by another
host on the network but is unknown to the DHCP server. If an IP address is
determined to be in use, it is marked as Unavailable for a period of time, and it
will not be offered to any client while in this state. Enabling this test adds
approximately one second of delay before the IP address is offered to the client,
since the “ping” test must not receive a valid reply for that test to successfully
determine that the IP address is not already in use. This option is off (disabled)
by default. This option does not apply to Static Lease Reservations, since the
“ping” test is not used for them.
Static Lease Reservations: A static lease reservation is a specific IP address
paired with a client's MAC address, which reserves the IP address for that
client's use only. This assures that a client always receives a lease for the same
IP address and that no other client obtains a lease for that address.
To add a reservation, enter the IP Address and MAC Address values, check or
clear the Enable checkbox, and then press the Add button.
After adding a reservation, you may click on the IP address or MAC address of
that entry in the table, permitting you to specify or modify the lease duration for
this reservation.
The Enable checkbox for the entry permits a reservation to be disabled without
actually removing the entry, then enabled again at a later time.
The Remove link is used to permanently remove a reservation from the DHCP
server configuration.
The Remove All link is used to permanently remove all reservations from the
DHCP server configuration.
80
Configure Digi devices
Address Exclusions: A specific set of IP addresses to exclude from the scope.
The DHCP server will not grant leases to clients for any IP address in the
exclusion range.
To add an exclusion, enter the starting and ending IP Addresses, check or clear
the Enable checkbox, and then press the Add button.
The Enable checkbox for the entry permits an exclusion to be disabled without
actually removing the entry, then enabled again at a later time.
The Remove link is used to permanently remove an exclusion from the DHCP
server configuration.
The Remove All link is used to permanently remove all exclusions from the
DHCP server configuration.
Apply button: You must click the Apply button to save changes you make to
the DHCP server settings. If you leave this page without applying the changes,
those changes will be discarded.
Manage the DHCP server
For information on managing the DHCP server and viewing and managing lease status,
see "Manage DHCP server operation" on page 190.
81
Configuration through the web interface
Network services settings
The Network Services page shows a set of common network services that are available for
Digi devices, and the network port on which the service is running.
Common network services can be enabled and disabled, and the TCP port on which the
network service listens can be configured. Disabling services may be done for security
purposes. That is, certain services can be disabled so the device runs only those services
specifically needed. To improve device security, non-secure services such as Telnet can be
disabled.
It is usually best to use the default network port numbers for these services because they
are well known by most applications.
Several services have a setting for whether TCP keep-alives will be sent for the network
services. TCP keep-alives can be configured in more detail on the Advanced Network
Settings page.
Caution
82
Exercise caution in enabling and disabling network services,
particularly disabling them. Changing certain settings can render a
Digi Connect device inaccessible. For example, disabling Advanced
Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP) prevents the device from being
discovered on a network, even if it is actually connected. Disabling
HTTP and HTTPS disables access to the web interface. Disabling
basic services such as Telnet, Rlogin, etc. can make the CommandLine interface inaccessible.
Configure Digi devices
Supported network services and their default network port numbers
In Digi devices that have multiple serial ports, the network port number defaults for
various services are set based on the following formula:
base network port number + serial port number
For example, the Telnet Passthrough service is set to network port 2001 for serial port 1,
2002 for serial port 2, 2003 for serial port 3, etc.
If a network port is changed for a particular service, that is the only network port number
that changes. That change does not carry over to the other network ports. For example, if
the network port number for Telnet Passthrough is changed from 2001 to 3001, that does
not mean that the other network ports will change to 3002, 3003, etc.
There are two types of network services available:
Basic services, which are accessed by connecting to a particular well-known
network port.
Passthrough services, in which a particular serial port is set up for a particular
type of service. To use the service, users must both use the correct protocol and
specify the correct network port. For example, assuming default service ports
and using a Linux host, here is how a user would access the SSH and Telnet
passthrough services:
#> ssh -l fred digi16 -p 2501
#> telnet digi16 2101
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Configuration through the web interface
The following table shows the network services, the services provided, and the default
network port number for each service.
Service
Services provided
Default
network
port
number
Device Discovery, also known as
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol
(ADDP)
Discovery of Digi devices on a network. Disabling this
service disables use of the Digi Device Discovery utility to
locate the device, either on its own or as part of running the
Digi Device Setup Wizard.
The network port number for ADDP cannot be changed
from its default.
2362
Encrypted (Secure) RealPort
Secure Ethernet connections between COM or TTY ports
and device servers or terminal servers.
1027
Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
Allows network printing over a serial port.
515
Modem Emulation Pool (pmodem)
Allows the Digi device to emulate a modem. Modem
emulation sends and receives modem responses to the serial
device over the Ethernet instead of Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN). Telnet processing can be
enabled or disabled on the incoming and outgoing modememulation connections. The pmodem service is for
connecting to whatever serial port will answer.
5000
Modem Emulation Passthrough
Allows the Digi device to emulate a modem. This service is
for dialing in to a particular serial port that has been set up
for modem emulation.
5001
RealPort
A virtual connection to serial devices, no matter where they
reside on the network.
771
Remote login (Rlogin)
Allows users to log in to the Digi device and access the
command-line interface through Rlogin.
513
Remote shell (Rsh)
Allows users to log in to the Digi device and access the
command-line interface through Rsh.
514
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Configure Digi devices
Service
Services provided
Default
network
port
number
Secure Shell (SSH)
Allows users secure access to log in to the Digi device and
access the command-line interface.
22
Secure Shell (SSH) Passthrough
Accessing a specific serial port set up for SSH.
2501
Secure Socket Service
Authentication and encryption for Digi devices.
2601
Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)
Managing and monitoring the Digi device.
To run SNMP in a more secure manner, note that SNMP
allows for “sets” to be disabled.This securing is done in
SNMP itself, not through this command.
If disabled, SNMP services such as traps and device
information are not used.
161
Telnet Server
Allows users an interactive Telnet session to the Digi
device’s command-line interface.
If disabled, users cannot Telnet to the device.
23
Telnet Passthrough
Allows a Telnet connection directly to the serial port, often
referred to as reverse Telnet.
2001
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Echo
Used for testing the ability to send and receive over a TCP
connection, similar to a ping.
7
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Passthrough
Allows a raw socket connection directly to the serial port,
often referred to as reverse sockets.
2101
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Echo
Used for testing the ability to send and receive over a UDP
connection, similar to a ping.
7
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Passthrough
Allows raw data to be passed between the serial port and
UDP datagrams on the network.
2101
85
Configuration through the web interface
Service
Services provided
Default
network
port
number
Web Server, also known as HyperText
Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Access to web pages for configuration that can be secured
by requiring a user login.
HTTP and HTTPS, below, are also referred to as Web
Server or Secure Web Server. These services control the use
of the web interface. If HTTP and HTTPS are disabled,
device users cannot use the web interface to configure,
monitor, and administer the device.
80
Secure Web Server, also known as
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure
Socket Layer (HTTPS)
Access to web pages for configuration that can be secured
by requiring a user login, with encryption for greater
security.
443
Network services and IP pass-through
The IP pass-through feature (Configuration > Network > IP Pass-through) causes the
Digi device to be bridged transparently between the Ethernet and mobile data links.
Enabling IP Pass-through disables many device features, including many network
services. To provide access to the device for configuration and management purposes, you
can configure a subset of network services to terminate at the Digi device instead of being
passed on to a connected device such as a router. In the IP pass-through feature, these
network services are called pinholes. Services that can be configured as pinholes include
HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, SSH, and SNMP. See "IP pass-through settings" on page 94 for
more information.
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Configure Digi devices
Dynamic DNS update settings
A Dynamic DNS (DDNS) service allows a user whose IP address is dynamically assigned
to be located by a host or domain name. Before a DDNS service may be used, you must
create an account with the DDNS service provider. The provider will give you account
information such as username and password. You will use this account information to
register your IP address and update it as it changes.
A DDNS service provider typically supports the registration of only public IP addresses.
When using such a service provider, if your Digi device has a private IP address (such as
192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x), your update requests will be rejected.
Your Digi device monitors the IP address it is assigned. It will typically update the DDNS
service or server automatically, but only when its IP address has changed from the IP
address is previously registered with that service.
DDNS service providers may consider frequent updates to be an abuse of their service. In
such a circumstance, the service provider may act by blocking updates from the abusive
host for some period of time, or until the customer contacts the provider. Please observe
the requirements of the DDNS service provider to ensure compliance with possible abuse
guidelines.
The Dynamic DNS Update Settings page includes both settings and status information.
Settings
Use the following dynamic DNS service: Disables DDNS updates, or selects
the DDNS service provider to use to register the IP address of this Digi Cellular
Family device. When you select a specific DDNS service provider, you must
also provide the related account information for that service provider.
To force an update request to be sent to a particular DDNS service.
1
Select the “None” radio button to disable DDNS updates, and then click
the Apply button to save that change.
2
Select the radio button for the DDNS service you wish to update
3
Click Apply to save that change.
If the settings for the selected DDNS service are all specified and valid, an
update request will be sent immediately to that service.
87
Configuration through the web interface
DynDNS.org DDNS Service: You must create your account at DynDNS.org
before you can successfully register the IP address of your Digi device with
their service. Please familiarize yourself with their service options and
requirements, in order to most effectively use this feature of your Digi device.
This DDNS service supports only public IP addresses. If you have a private IP
address (such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x), your update requests will be rejected.
Host and Domain Name: The fully qualified host and domain name you have
registered with your service provider. An example is: myhost.dyndns.net.
DynDNS User Name: The user name for the account you have created with
your service provider.
DynDNS Password: The password for the account you have created with your
service provider.
DynDNS DDNS System: The system for the account you have created with
your service provider. DynDNS.org supports a number of different services,
which vary by the system you select. The available choices are:
–
Dynamic DNS
–
Static DNS
–
Custom DNS
Use Wildcards: Enables/disables wildcards for this host. The available choices
for this option are:
–
Disable wildcards
–
Enable wildcards
–
No change to service setting
According to wildcard documentation at DynDNS.org: “The wildcard aliases
*.yourhost.ourdomain.tld to the same address as yourhost.ourdomain.tld.”
Using this option in the settings for your Digi device has the same effect as
selecting the wildcard option on the DynDNS.org website. To leave the
wildcard option unchanged from the current selection on their web site, use the
“no change” option in the device settings. Note that DynDNS.org support for
this option may vary according to the DynDNS system you are registered to
use.
Connection Method: The connection method to try when connecting to your
service provider to register your IP address. DynDNS.org supports three
methods to connect. The available choices are:
88
Configure Digi devices
–
Standard HTTP port 80
–
Alternate HTTP port 8245
–
Secure HTTPS port 443
Status and history information
Following the settings are status and history information for the DDNS service.
Most Recent DDNS Service Update Status: This section provides the status
of the most recent attempt to update a DDNS service or server. The displayed
information confirms the success of an update request, or it may offer
information as to the reason an update request was rejected by the service or
server.
A number of status items are shown. Some of them are specific to the DDNS
service being updated. Such information will be helpful when trying to resolve
update failures with the DDNS service provider.
–
Service: The name of the DDNS service provider or server being updated.
–
IP Address Reported: The IP address for your Digi device that is being
registered with the DDNS service provider or server.
–
Update Status: A simple indication of success or failure for this last update
request.
–
Result Information: A DDNS service-specific status message, helpful when
consulting technical support.
–
Raw Result Data: DDNS service-specific update result data returned by the
service provider, helpful when consulting technical support.
Last Logged Action or Result (may be helpful for troubleshooting): The
last attempted, logged action or result for the DDNS feature, helpful for
troubleshooting possible problems with DDNS updates. This information may
help identify problems with settings, network connection failures, and other
issues that prevent a DDNS update from being completed successfully.
Successful results also are reported here.
89
Configuration through the web interface
IP filtering settings
You can better restrict your device on the network by only allowing certain devices or
networks to connect. This is better known as IP Filtering or Access Control Lists (ACL).
By enabling IP filtering, you are telling the device to only accept connections from
specific and known IP addresses or networks. Devices can be filtered on a single IP
address or can be restricted as a group of devices using a subnet mask that only allows
specific networks to access to the device.
Caution
It is important to plan and review your IP filtering settings before
applying them. Incorrect settings can make the Digi device
inaccessible from the network.
On the IP Filtering Settings page, enter the settings as follows:
Only allow access from the following devices and networks: Enables IP
filtering so that only the specified devices or networks are allowed to connect to
and access the device. Note that if you enable this feature and the system from
which you are connecting to the Digi device is not included in the list of
allowed devices or networks, then you will instantly no longer be able to
communicate or configure the device from this system.
Automatically allow access from all devices on the local subnet: Specifies
that all systems and devices on the same local subnet or network of the device
should be allowed to connect to the device.
Allow access from the following devices: A list of IP addresses of systems or
devices that are allowed to connect to this device.
Allow access from the following networks: A list of networks based on an IP
address and matching subnet mask that are allowed to connect to this device.
This option allows grouping several devices that exist on a particular subnet or
network to connect to the device without having to manually specific each
individual IP address.
90
Configure Digi devices
IP forwarding settings
When a Digi device acts as a router and communicates on both a private and public
network with different interfaces, it is sometimes necessary to forward certain connections
to other devices. This is also known as Network Address Translation (NAT) or Port
Forwarding. When an incoming connection is made to the device on the private network,
the IP port is searched for in the table of port forwarding entries. If the IP port is found,
that connection is forwarded to another specific device on the public network.
Port Forwarding/NAT is useful when external devices can not communicate directly to
devices on the public network of the Digi device. For example, this may occur because the
device is behind a firewall. By using port forwarding, the connections can pass through
the networks transparently. Also, Port Forwarding/NAT allows multiple devices on the
private network to communicate to devices on the public network by using a shared
private IP address that is controlled by Port Forwarding/NAT.
Port forwarding can be used to connect from a Digi device to a RealPort device, such as a
Digi Connect SP. For this type of connection to occur, your mobile wireless provider must
be mobile-terminated.
IP Forwarding settings include:
Enable IP Routing: Enables or disables IP forwarding.
Apply the following static routes to the IP routing table: The Digi device
can be configured with permanent static routes. These routes are added to the
IP routing table when this device boots, or afterward when network interfaces
become active or changes are made to this list of static routes. The use of static
routes provides a means by which IP datagrams can be routed to a network that
is not a local network or accessible through the default route.
Enable Network Address Translation (NAT): Enables or disables the use of
NAT.
91
Configuration through the web interface
Forward protocol connections from external networks to the following
internal devices: Enables protocol forwarding to the specified internal devices.
Currently, the only IP protocols for which protocol forwarding is supported are:
–
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE, IP protocol 47)
–
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP, IP protocol 50, tunnel mode only).
These are routing protocols that are used to route (tunnel) various types of
information between networks. If your network needs to use the GRE or ESP
protocol between the public and private networks, enable this feature
accordingly.
Forward TCP/UDP connections from external networks to the following
internal devices: Specifies a list of connections based on a specific IP port and
where those connections should be forwarded to. Typically the connecting
devices come from the public side of the network and are redirected to a device
on the private side of the network.
Example
For example, to enable port forwarding of RealPort data (network port 771) on a
Digi Connect WAN VPN to a Digi Connect SP with an IP address of 10.8.128.10, you
would do the following:
Make sure the Enable IP Routing checkbox is checked.
In the Forward TCP/UDP connections from external networks to the
following internal devices section, enter the port forwarding information as
follows, and click Add:
92
Configure Digi devices
Socket tunnel settings
A Socket Tunnel can be used to connect two network devices: one on the Digi device’s
local network and the other on the remote network. This is especially useful for providing
SSL data protection when the local devices do not support the SSL protocol.
One of the endpoint devices is configured to initiate the socket tunnel. The tunnel is
initiated when that device opens a TCP socket to the Digi device device on the configured
port number. The Digi device then opens a separate connection to the specified destination
host. Once the tunnel is established, the Digi device acts as a proxy for the data between
the remote network socket and the local network socket, regardless of which end initiated
the tunnel.
Socket Tunnel settings include:
Enable: Enables or disables the configured socket tunnel.
Timeout: The timeout (specified in seconds) controls how long the tunnel will
remain connected when there is no tunnel traffic. If the timeout value is zero,
then no timeout is in effect and the tunnel will stay up until some other event
causes it to close.
Initiating Host: The hostname or IP address of the network device which will
initiate the tunnel. This field is optional.
Initiating Port: Specify the port number that the Digi device will use to listen
for the initial tunnel connection.
Initiating Protocol: The protocol used between the device that initiates the
tunnel and the Digi device. Currently, TCP and SSL are the two supported
protocols.
Destination Host: The hostname or IP address of the destination network
device.
Destination Port: Specify the port number that the Digi device will use to
make a connection to the destination device.
Destination Protocol: This is the protocol used between Digi device and the
destination device. Currently, TCP and SSL are the two supported protocols.
This protocol does not need to be the same for both connections.
93
Configuration through the web interface
IP pass-through settings
There are many application scenarios where a router is used to decide upon alternative
routes using a primary and a secondary (or backup) interface. In many of these
configurations, the router is required to use a public IP address as assigned by the network
over which it is communicating. This requirement is mostly owing to the router needing to
establish a VPN tunnel over that interface and using the public IP address as part of the
VPN authentication. (For more on VPN tunnels, see page 99.)
The IP pass-through feature allows a Digi device device to provide bridging functionality
similar to that of a cable or DSL modem, where the Digi device becomes “transparent” to
the router or connected device. In this case; the router’s WAN interface believes it is
connected directly to the mobile network and has no knowledge that the Digi device is the
mechanism providing that connectivity.
How IP pass-through works
A Digi device configured for IP pass-through, such as a ConnectPort WAN or Digi
Connect WAN, passes its mobile IP address directly through and to the Ethernet device
(router or PC) to which it is connected through the Ethernet port. From the perspective of
the connected device, the Digi device essentially becomes transparent (similar to the
behavior of a cable or DSL modem) to provide a bridge from the mobile network directly
to the end device attached to the Digi device.
Since the mobile network address is effectively “passed-through” to the local device
connected to the Ethernet port of the Digi device, all network access to it is bypassed, with
some specific exceptions.
Here is an example of a Digi device configured for IP pass-through in a network with a
third-party router.
94
Configure Digi devices
If the third-party router’s WAN interface is attached to the Digi device’s Ethernet port, and
the Digi device’s mobile interface receives the IP address 166.213.2.215, the router’s
WAN port is assigned the same IP address 166.213.2.215. If the router is receiving the IP
address dynamically; the DNS server addresses, subnet mask, and default gateway
information will be filled in automatically. If the router is configured manually; you need
to obtain the DNS information from the mobile service provider and enter that manually.
The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 and the default gateway is the same as the mobile IP
address with “.1” for the last octet. In other words: if the mobile IP address is
166.213.2.215, the default gateway is 166.213.2.1.
95
Configuration through the web interface
How IP pass-through affects network access to Digi devices
When IP pass-through is enabled, the Digi device effectively disables all router and IP
service functionality. Services that are disabled are:
NAT
Port Forwarding
VPN
DDNS updates
Socket Tunnel
Network Services configuration.
The Digi device is effectively transparent to all IP activity and network access by other
devices, with these exceptions:
It can be accessed via the serial port for configuration using the command line
interface.
It accepts TCP/IP connections for purposes of configuration by means of a
“pinhole” on the mobile interface.
It can be accessed by other devices on the local Ethernet segment via the
default IP address of 192.168.1.1.
Using pinholes to manage the Digi device
IP pass-through uses a concept called pinholes. The Digi device can be configured to
listen on specific TCP ports, and terminate those connections at the Digi device for
purposes of managing it. Those ports are called pinholes, and they are not passed on to the
device connected to the Ethernet port of the Digi device. Network services and ports that
can be configured as pinholes include (see "Network services settings" on page 82 to
configure these settings):
Telnet: for accessing the device through a Telnet login and the command-line.
SSH: for accessing to the device through a Secure Shell (SSH) login and the
command-line.
HTTP: for accessing the device through HTTP and the web interface.
HTTPS: for accessing to the device through HTTPS and the web interface
SNMP: for monitoring and managing the device through SNMP.
96
Configure Digi devices
Connectware Manager and Digi SureLink ports are automatically set up as pinholes so
that they continue to work with the Digi device. In addition, the Digi device uses a private
address on the Ethernet interface strictly for use in configuration or local access. This
allows a user on the local network to gain access to the web interface or a Telnet session in
order to make configuration changes.
Remote device management and IP pass-through
As illustrated above, the Digi device allows you to enable pinholes for specific ports to
allow remote users to manage the Digi device from the mobile network or open Internet.
The Digi device retains its remote management capabilities using Connectware Manager.
The necessary pinholes are automatically defined when the Digi device is configured for
IP Pass-through.This provides administrators with the same remote-management
capabilities that exist in Digi remote devices.
Steps to configure IP pass-through
To configure IP Pass-through from the web interface for your Digi device, follow these
steps, or, in the case of the first three steps, make sure they have been performed.
1
Set a static IP address for the Digi device. Go to Configuration > Network > IP
Settings.
2
Set up the DHCP server. Go to Configuration > Network > DHCP Server
Settings. See page 77 and the online help for DHCP Server Settings.
3
Turn on the DHCP server. Go to Management > Network Services. In
DHCP Server Management, click the Start button.
4
Configure IP pass-through settings. Go to Configuration > Network >
IP Pass-through.
IP pass-through settings include:
–
Enable IP Pass-through: Enables or disables IP Pass-through.
–
Pinholes: Specifies whether specific network services/ports are configured as
pinholes for purposes of managing the Digi device.
97
Configuration through the web interface
The screen shot shows IP Pass-through configuration settings.
98
Configure Digi devices
Virtual Private Network (VPN) settings
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are used to securely connect two private networks
together so that devices may connect from one network to the other network using secure
channels.VPN uses IP Security (IPSec) technology to protect the transferring of data over
the Internet Protocol (IP). All Digi Cellular Family products except Digi Connect WAN
support VPNs.
The Digi device is responsible for handling the routing between networks. Devices within
the private network served by the Digi device can connect directly to devices on the other
private network to which the VPN tunnel is established to. The VPN tunnels are
configured using various security settings and methods to ensure the networks are
secured.
Uses for VPN-enabled Digi devices
VPN-enabled Digi devices, such as Digi Connect WAN VPN, are cellular-enabled routers
that securely connect remote subnets using IPsec VPN technology. Devices in the Digi
device’s private network can connect directly to devices on the other private network with
which the VPN tunnel is established. You configure VPN tunnels using security settings
and methods to ensure the networks are secured.
The Digi device is used for primary or backup remote site connectivity. Secured IPsec
VPN traffic is typically routed from the Digi device over the cellular IP network and is
terminated by a VPN appliance at the host end.
A VPN-enabled Digi device can be used in several scenarios; for example:
As the primary remote site router where no other WAN router is used.
As a backup router where the remote site has a primary WAN connection
through DSL, Frame Relay, or other means.
To provide secure access to remote serial and/or Ethernet devices.
This section describes using a Digi device as a primary remote site router using IPsec
Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE)/Internet Security
Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) pre-shared key methods.
99
Configuration through the web interface
Example VPN configuration
The diagram shows a Digi Connect WAN VPN used as a primary remote site router:
Remote Site
HQ
172.16 .5.0/2 4
IPSec ESP
Private IP Tunnel
172.17.1.0/24
Digi
Connect
WAN
VPN
Cellular
Data Network
166.123.99.99
VPN
Appliance
P WR
WIC 0
CT C
A
/ H0
WIC 0
AT
C /C H 0
ET
H
AC
T
OK
CT C
A
/ H1
C T /C H 1
A
COL
Internet
172.16.5.1
209.123.123.123
172.17.1.1
How VPN tunnels work
The Digi device’s Ethernet port usually connects to a switch or hub, which then connects
to other Ethernet devices. The mobile/cellular carrier provides only one IP address to the
mobile interface. The Digi device uses Network Address Translation (NAT), where only
the mobile IP address is visible to the outside. Private IP addresses are typically used on
the remote site LAN connected to the Digi device’s Ethernet port. All outgoing traffic,
except the tunneled VPN traffic, uses the mobile IP address of the Digi device. Using the
example network above, the process for initiating VPN tunnels works like this:
100
1
Typically, a host or device on the remote subnet (in this case, 172.17.1.0) requests
information from a host on the main site (HQ) subnet (172.16.5.0). For example, a
computer at 172.17.1.20 needs a file from 172.16.5.100.
2
The Digi device sees the request as being on the HQ subnet and checks whether a
VPN tunnel exists between the two sites.
3
If no tunnel exists, the Digi device initiates a VPN tunnel request to its peer — the
VPN concentrator at HQ. The VPN policy settings are compared, and if they match,
an IPsec tunnel is created between the Digi device and the VPN concentrator.
Traffic is encrypted as defined in the VPN policies. The maximum number of
supported tunnels is two.
Configure Digi devices
IP address requirements for VPN tunnels
To establish an IPSec VPN tunnel, the IP address of the mobile interface must be publicly
accessible. The IP address can be either static or dynamic depending upon the
requirements of your VPN end point. The IP address, however, cannot be within a private
range of addresses (for example, 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0 or 192.168.0.0). If the mobile IP
address is within one of the private IP address ranges, the mobile carrier is using a NAT
(Network Address Translation) server between your mobile IP address and the internet.
The Digi Connect WAN VPN does not currently support NAT-Traversal.
GSM GPRS/EDGE APN type needed
If the VPN end points require static (persistent) IP addresses, you may need a custom
access point name (APN). An Internet APN can work in these cases:
The main site (HQ) VPN appliance can support Dynamic DNS names.
Another form of authentication is used (for example, FQDN).
Be aware that these APNs are based on Cingular Blue; other carrier APNs may have
similar requirements.
CDMA carrier requirements
The CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) carrier requirements are similar to GSM in
that static IP addresses may be required depending on the host site concentrator VPN
implementation. In both cases, the Digi device’s mobile IP address will likely need to
support mobile terminated data; that is, the ability to accept incoming data connections.
HQ router / VPN appliance configuration
For supported protocols, see the IPsec specifications your Digi device. Security policies
on the HQ VPN device must match those on the Digi device. The HQ VPN appliance’s
peer address is the Digi device’s mobile IP address.
101
Configuration through the web interface
Using a console port
The Digi device’s console port can be configured for Console Management to provide
SSH or Telnet access. It can be cabled to the router or VPN appliance’s console port to
provide true diverse out-of-band console access.
Configure VPN settings
This procedure shows how to configure the VPN connection from the web interface
(Configuration > Network > Virtual Private Network (VPN) Settings). In the
command-line interface, the “set vpn” command configures VPN connections, and the
“vpn” command manages them. Generally, configuring VPN connections from the web
interface is simpler.
Review the settings descriptions in this procedure (also available in the online help) to
determine whether you need to gather any information before you start setting up the
VPN. This procedure uses an example configuration, where an IPsec ESP uses an Internet
Key Exchange/ISAKMP pre-shared key. The IP addresses used in the instructions are
examples only. Settings used in the example are:
Setting
102
Remote Site
(Digi Connect VPN)
HQ
(VPN Concentrator)
Local Interface IP address
172.17.1.1
172.16.5.1
Local Subnet
172.17.1.0/24
172.16.5.0/24
External/Mobile IP address
166.213.99.99
209.123.123.123
Remote Subnet
172.16.5.0/24
172.17.1.0/24
Remote VPN Endpoint
209.123.123.123
166.123.99.99
ISAKMP Shared Secret
sixteencharacter
sixteencharacter
Identity: User FQDN
vpntest@digi.com
vpntest@digi.com
IKE parameters
DES / MD5 / 86400 sec.
DES / MD5 / 86400 sec.
IPsec parameters
3DES / MD5 / 86400 sec.
3DES / MD5 / 86400 sec.
Configure Digi devices
1
Assign a static IP address to the Ethernet port.Note that the default address for the
Ethernet port is 192.168.1.1. The default gateway may change to an address such as
10.6.6.6, which is the mobile service provider’s default gateway.
2
Using a web browser, open the web interface for the Digi device using the IP
address you assigned; for example, 172.17.1.1.
3
From the main menu, go to Configuration > Network > Virtual Private Network
(VPN) Settings. There are two groups of VPN settings:
–
VPN Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Settings: These settings define the
identity, general security, and Internet Key Exchange security settings for the
VPN connection.
–
VPN Policy Settings: These settings define the VPN tunnels and their security
settings.
103
Configuration through the web interface
4
104
Click VPN Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Settings.
Configure Digi devices
5
In the Identity setting, specify how the VPN client and its security settings
will be identified to the remote VPN endpoint. This value must match the
value provided by the remote VPN endpoint. You can either specify an
identity string or use the mobile IP address as the entity.
–
Use the following as the identity:
Identity string: Identifies the VPN client with the remote VPN endpoint. The
default is macaddress@digi.com. You can also specify the identity as:
A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN): Usually the FQDN of the Digi
Connect device. For example: www.myhost.com
A User FQDN: Similar to standard FQDN but with a user name. The
format is the same as an email address. For example: user@myhost.com
A Network Address (IPv4): A standard IP address (version 4) that uses
the standard IPv4 dotted format (four numeric values between 0 and 255
separated by periods). For example: 10.0.0.1
–
6
Use the Mobile IP Address as the identity: The IP address of your mobile
network interface will automatically be used as the VPN identity.
Specify the General Security Settings for the VPN connection.
–
Connection Mode: The method in which Internet Key Exchange (IKE) phase
one negotiations is completed. IKE phase one negotiations are used to establish
the various security settings and establish a secure channel for subsequent
messages.The default is Main Mode.
Main Mode: Processes phase one negotiations with three 2-way
exchanges between the VPN client and remote VPN endpoint. The
exchanges are meant to match Internet Key Exchange Security
Associations (SA) between peers to provide a protected pipe for
subsequent protected ISAKMP exchanges between the peers. The first
exchange is responsible for negotiating and agreeing upon the algorithms
and hashes/keys used to secure the Internet Key Exchange
communications. The second exchange uses a Diffie-Hellman exchange
per the specified Diffie-Hellman group to generate nonces and shared
secret keys in order to sign and prove identities. The third exchange
verifies the identity per the specified Identity.
105
Configuration through the web interface
Aggressive Mode: Processes phase one negotiations with fewer exchanges
than Main Mode. In the first exchange, almost everything is sent in the
proposed Internet Key Exchange values including the Diffie-Hellman key,
nonce to sign and verify, and the identity. The weakness of using
Aggressive Mode compared to Main Mode is that negotiations exchange
information before the secure channel is created. However, because less
exchanges are used, aggressive mode is faster than main mode.
–
Diffie-Hellman: Diffie-Hellman is a public-key cryptography protocol for
establishing a shared secret over an insecure communications channel. DiffieHellman is used within Internet Key Exchange to establish the session keys that
create a secure channel. The method and security factor used to control the
exchange is specified by the Diffie-Hellman group. The greater the group, the
more secure the transaction. However, because the keys and cryptography
calculations are larger, they also require more processing time and performance
costs. The default is Group 2.
Group 1 (768-bit): Uses a 768-bit Diffie-Hellman prime modulus group to
secure the shared secret.
Group 2 (1024-bit): Uses a 1024-bit Diffie-Hellman prime modulus group
to secure the shared secret.
Group 5 (1536-bit): Uses a 1536-bit Diffie-Hellman prime modulus group
to secure the shared secret
–
Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS): Perfect Forward Secrecy establishes
greater resistance to cryptographic attacks by ensuring that a given key of an
Internet Key Exchange SA is not derived from any other secret, and that no
other key can be derived from this key. Set this field to match that at the remote
VPN gateway. Default is Enabled.
–
Enable Antireplay: Antireplay allows the IPsec tunnel receiver to detect and
reject packets that have been replayed.Set this field to match that at the remote
VPN gateway. The default is Enabled.
Important: Disable Antireplay if you use manual keyed tunnels.
106
Configure Digi devices
7
Specify the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Security Settings for the VPN
connection. Internet Key Exchange (IKE) negotiates IPSec security associations
(SA). The IPSec systems must authenticate themselves to each other and establish
ISAKMP (IKE) shared keys. SAs are relationships between two or more entities or
peers that describe how they will use security services to communicate securely.
You can use either the default security policies or custom policies.
–
Use the default policies to negotiate Internet Key Exchange (IKE) security
settings: The default security policies that are negotiated and used to secure the
SAs are:
Default Security Policies
–
Encryption
Authentication
SA Lifetime
30DES (192-bit)
SHA1
86400 secs
Use the following policies to negotiate Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
security settings: If the default settings do not match the VPN and IKE SA
configuration of the remote peers, or if additional policies are required, enable
this setting, then click Add to add one or more security policies.
Internet Key Exchange security policy settings include:
Encryption: The encryption algorithm and key length used in IKE
negotiations for encrypting data. Supported encryption algorithms are
DES, 3-DES, and AES, which also includes three available key lengths for
greater security.
Authentication: The authentication algorithm used in IKE negotiations to
authenticate IKE peers and SAs. Supported authentication algorithms are
MD5 and SHA1.
SA Lifetime: Determines how long a SA policy is active in seconds. The
Security Association (SA) lifetime determines how long a SA policy is
active in seconds. After the IKE SA has been negotiated, the SA lifetime
begins. Once the lifetime has completed, a new set of SA policies are
negotiated using IKE phase 2 negotiation.
When all the VPN Internet Key Exchange settings have been entered, click
Apply.
107
Configuration through the web interface
8
9
108
Click VPN Policy Settings to add, modify, or delete a VPN tunnel. VPN Tunnels
define the actual tunnels between two private networks. The tunnels specify the
information required to establish the secure channel, the routing between networks,
and the security policies used to encrypt and authorize the data. You can create a
maximum of two tunnels.If there are no VPN tunnels defined, the page looks like
this:
–
To add a new VPN tunnel, click Add. If Add is disabled, the maximum tunnels
have already been created, and you can only modify or remove them.
–
To modify an existing VPN tunnel, click the Index link for the tunnel.
–
To remove an existing VPN tunnel, click the Remove link for the tunnel.
On the VPN Tunnel #n - Configuration page, configure the VPN tunnel and its
security settings. These settings describe the VPN tunnel, specify the remote VPN
endpoint, and specify the method used to establish the VPN tunnel. These settings
typically are specified by the remote VPN server and should correspond
accordingly.
–
Description: A description or name for the VPN tunnel.
–
Remote VPN Endpoint: The IP address or hostname of the peer with which to
establish the connection.
–
VPN Tunnel: The method of establishing the VPN tunnel. Tunnels can be
either Manual-Keyed IPSec/ESP or ISAKMP.
Configure Digi devices
Manual-Keyed IPSec/ESP tunnels are established by manually specifying
the tunnel and security settings. See page 112 for more information on
these tunnels.
ISAKMP tunnels are established by specifying list of security policies in
order to negotiate a set of security settings from the remote VPN endpoint.
Use ISAKMP whenever the remote gateway supports it. ISAKMP tunnels
are usually easier to set up than a manually-keyed tunnel and are more
secure. See page 115 for more information on these tunnels.
–
Tunnel Network Traffic from the following Local Network
IP Address
Subnet Mask: The routes required to access clients on the local network and
the clients that are allowed to access the remote clients through the VPN tunnel.
These routes are specified using the local network IP address and subnet mask.
–
Tunnel Network Traffic from the following Local Network
IP Address
Subnet Mask: The routes required to access clients on the remote network and
the remote peers to which local clients are allowed to connect. These routes are
specified using the remote network IP address and subnet mask.
–
Incoming/Outgoing Traffic Security Settings (for Manual Keyed VPN
tunnels):
or
Security Settings: (for ISAKMP VPN tunnels):
Depending on the method chosen for establishing the tunnel in VPN Tunnel,
security settings for the tunnel are displayed.
Manual-Keyed tunnels specify the tunnel and security settings manually.
These settings must match the settings of the remote VPN endpoint. See
page 112 for descriptions of these settings.
ISAKMP tunnels use a pre-shared key and a a list of security policies used
to negotiate security settings. See page 115 for descriptions of these
settings.
When all VPN tunnel settings are entered, click Apply.
109
Configuration through the web interface
For example, to configure the ISAKMP VPN tunnel in the example
configuration, you would choose ISAKMP and enter the pre-shared key (PSK)
information and security policy.
110
Configure Digi devices
When the VPN tunnel has been added to the configuration settings after you
click Apply, the VPN Policy Settings page looks like this:
10
Configure the remote VPN concentrator with the same settings, remembering to
reverse the peer endpoint and remote/local subnet settings.
11
To test the VPN connection, generate traffic from the remote subnet to the HQ
subnet.
For example, from 172.17.1.100, ping 172.16.5.1. The response from the first
few pings will be “Destination Host Unreachable” because 172.17.1.100 does
not know the route to the remote site. After the VPN tunnel is established, the
ping either responds or times out.
12
To manage an active VPN connection, see "Manage VPN connections" on page
189.
111
Configuration through the web interface
Manual-keyed IPSEc/ESP VPN tunnel security settings
Manual-keyed IPSec/ESP tunnels specify the tunnel and security settings manually. You
must configure the settings to match those on the remote VPN server. These settings affect
the network traffic between the local and remote peers specified on the settings
Tunnel Network Traffic from the following Local Network and
Tunnel Network Traffic to the following Remote Network.
112
Configure Digi devices
There are two groups of manual-keyed settings, for incoming and outgoing traffic, which
differ from each other, depending on the implementation of the remote VPN server.
Incoming Traffic Security Settings: Incoming traffic is any traffic sent from a
remote peer on the remote network of the remote VPN endpoint to a local peer
on the local network.
Outgoing Traffic Security Settings: Outgoing traffic is any traffic sent from a
local peer to a remote peer.
The settings for incoming and outgoing traffic are:
SPI (Security Parameter Index): A unique index for a tunnel used to identify
the security settings for IPsec. The SPI is a 32-bit unsigned value that must not
be less than 256.
Enable Encryption
Encryption algorithm
Encryption key: The optional encryption algorithm and associated encryption
key used to encrypt data on the VPN tunnel. To specify encryption, check
Enable Encryption and select the matching encryption algorithm. Enter the
encryption key according to the encryption algorithm.You can specify either an
ASCII value using alphanumerics or a hexadecimal value prefixed by 0x. The
encryption key length depends on the encryption algorithm:
Key Length
Algorithm
Size
ASCII
Hexadecimal
DES
64-bit
8
16
3 DES
192-bit
24
48
AES
128-bit
16
32
113
Configuration through the web interface
Enable Authentication
Authentication algorithm
Authentication key: The optional authentication algorithm and associated
authentication key used to authorize access on the VPN tunnel. To specify
authentication, check Enable Authentication and select the matching
authentication algorithm. Enter the authentication key according to the
authentication algorithm. You can specify either an ASCII value using
alphanumerics or a hexadecimal value prefixed by 0x. The authentication key
length depends on the authentication algorithm:
Key Length
Algorithm
114
Size
ASCII
Hexadecimal
MD5
128-bit
16
32
SHA1
160-bit
20
40
Configure Digi devices
ISAKMP VPN tunnel security settings
ISAKMP security settings include a pre-shared key and security policies for incoming and
outgoing traffic. These settings must be set as specified by the remote VPN server. They
affect the network traffic between the local and remote peers specified on the Tunnel
Network Traffic from the following Local Network and Tunnel Network Traffic to
the following Remote Network settings. Incoming traffic is defined as any traffic sent
from a remote peer on the remote network of the remote VPN endpoint to a local peer on
the local network. Outgoing traffic is defined as any traffic sent from a local peer to a
remote peer.
115
Configuration through the web interface
Use the following pre-shared key to negotiate IKE security settings: The
Pre-Shared Key (PSK) specifies the shared key used to secure the VPN tunnel.
The key may be specified as an ASCII value using alpha-numeric characters or
may be specified as a hexadecimal value prefixed by “0x”. The key may be
specified as either a 128-bit key, 192-bit key, or 256-bit key. The corresponding
key lengths in ASCII and Hexadecimal values are:
Size
Key Length
ASCII
Hexadecimal
128-bit
16
32
192-bit
24
48
256-bit
32
64
Use the following policies to negotiate security settings: Security policies
define the set of security settings for incoming and outgoing traffic used to
encrypt and authorize data. One or more sets of settings may be specified. The
actual set of negotiated settings depends on the available policies specified by
the remote VPN endpoint.
116
–
To add a new set of security policies, enter the encryption and authentication
algorithms for both incoming and outgoing traffic and click Add. When you
finish adding the new policies, click Apply.
–
To modify an existing set of security policies, click any of the corresponding
links for the specified policy. When you finish changing the policies, click
Apply.
–
To remove an existing set of security policies, click the Remove link for the
specified policy. Then click Apply.
Configure Digi devices
VPN tunnel proposal configuration for ISAKMP tunnels
The Proposal Configuration settings configure a set of security policies for ISAKMP
tunnels. The settings define the set of encryption and authentication algorithms for
incoming and outgoing traffic over the VPN tunnel. Proposals let you define multiple
types of communications. A security policy can have multiple proposals. For example, a
security policy can have two proposals to allow older VPN devices to connect using lesssecure methods, while allowing the same policy to have a second (or more) proposal to
allow newer, more powerful end-points to use more secure methods. For two devices to
communicate with each other, they must have a matching proposal.
VPN tunnel proposal configuration settings include:
Encryption: The encryption algorithm used for encrypting data:
–
DES: Uses 64-bit keys
–
3-DES: Uses 192-bit keys
–
AES: Uses 128-bit, 192-bit, or 256-bit keys depending on the negotiated
security settings
Authentication: The authentication algorithm used for authenticating clients:
–
MD5: Uses 128-bit keys.
–
SHA1: Uses 160-bit keys.
SA Lifetime: The Security Association (SA) lifetime determines how long a
SA policy is active in seconds. After the SA has been negotiated, the SA
lifetime begins. Once the lifetime has completed, a new set of SA policies are
negotiated with the remote VPN endpoint.
117
Configuration through the web interface
Advanced network settings
The Advanced Network Settings are used to further define the network interface,
including:
Host name: The Host name to be placed in the DHCP Option 12 field. This is
an optional setting which is only used when DHCP is enabled.
Enable Auto IP address assignment: Whether Auto-IP address assignment is
enabled or disabled.
Ethernet Interface speed and duplex mode (Auto, Half-Duplex, or Full
Duplex).
TCP keep-alive settings: The DHCP server assigns these network settings,
unless they are manually set here. To manually set and override these settings,
select Ignore TCP Keep-Alive settings from DHCP and specify the values
for Idle Timeout, Probe Interval, and whether an extra byte should be stored
in TCP keep-alive packets.
118
Configure Digi devices
Configure mobile (cellular) settings
The Mobile Settings pages configure how to connect to mobile (cellular) networks using
the mobile connection, including the service provider, service plan, and connection
settings used in connecting to the mobile network. If your Digi device has not already
been provisioned for use in the mobile network, you can launch a wizard to provision it
from these pages. In addition, you can configure settings for Digi SureLink™, a feature
that provides an “always-on” mobile network connection to ensure rapid on-demand
communication. The SureLink configuration settings allow you to customize how
SureLink detects when a connection has been lost, in order to re-establish the link.
Information required from mobile service provider
To connect to the mobile network, you must get a set of network settings from the mobile
service provider including service plan and authentication details. For more information,
consult the documentation that came with your mobile service provider's information.
Different processes used for CDMA and GSM provisioning
The process for provisioning your device and the settings displayed on the Mobile
Configuration page vary according to whether the mobile service provider network used
with your Digi Cellular Family product is based on CDMA (Code-Division Multiple
Access) or GSM (Global System for Mobile communication).
CDMA-based mobile service providers
Device provisioning for a CDMA-based mobile service provider consists of selecting the
service provider from a list and either automatically or manually entering mobile settings
provided by the mobile service provider Examples of CDMA-based mobile service
providers include Sprint, Verizon, Alltel, and Midwest.
GSM-based mobile service providers
Device provisioning for a GSM-based mobile service provider involves inserting a
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card into the Digi device, which makes subscription
data available in the cellular network. Examples of GSM-based mobile service providers
include Cingular, AT&T, and T-Mobile.
119
Configuration through the web interface
Set mobile configuration settings to factory defaults
The Set to Defaults button on the Mobile Configuration page sets all the mobile settings
to factory defaults and sets the Service Provider selection back to deselected.
Mobile service provider settings
The Mobile Service Provider settings part of the screen identifies the service provider to
use in connecting to the mobile network. The information displayed varies by Digi
Cellular Family product and whether the remote service provider is GSM- or CDMAbased. Settings that may be displayed on this screen include:
Service Provider: For GSM-based mobile service providers, this is the service
provider to use in connecting to the mobile network. The service provider must
match the provider that supplied the SIM card.This must match the provider
that supplied the SIM card. (Not displayed for CDMA products.)
Service Plan: For GSM-based mobile service providers, this is the service plan
to use in connecting to the mobile network. This setting must match the plan
that the service provider has supplied to you. This is also sometimes known as
the APN (Access Point Name).
Username and Password: For GSM-based mobile service providers, these
settings are the username and password of the mobile connection needed to
access the mobile network.
Device provisioning state: For CDMA-based mobile service providers, the
text below the Service Provider selection list states whether the device has
already been provisioned. Clicking the Provision Device button launches a
wizard for provisioning the device. Mobile device provisioning is described
next.
120
Configure Digi devices
Provision a mobile device
Mobile device provisioning is needed to properly configure the Digi device with the
required configuration used to access the mobile network. The device must be provisioned
before you will be able to create a data connection to the mobile network.The device only
needs to be provisioned once. This type of provisioning applies only to Digi devices that
have a CDMA cellular module.
For Digi devices, provisioning is done through the Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard,
which is launched from the Mobile Configuration page.
Launch the Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard
Below the Service Provider selection list is a line of text that states whether or not the
device has already been provisioned or needs to be provisioned. If a device has not yet
been provisioned, the Mobile Configuration page displays a message, as shown below.
Click the Provision Device button to launch the Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard. For
example, here is how the Mobile Settings page looks when a device has not yet been
provisioned.
121
Configuration through the web interface
Automatic versus manual provisioning
There are different types of provisioning methods depending upon your mobile provider.
The Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard will provide the appropriate choices based on the
mobile provider selected. Two main provisioning methods are:
Automatic Provisioning: Typically, an automatic provisioning process called
IOTA (IP-Based Over the Air) is used to provision the device. Note that
automatic provisioning requires the modem device to communicate over the
mobile network and requires a good signal to ensure proper provisioning.
Manual Provisioning: Alternatively, a manual provisioning method can be used
to manually specify the required fields needed to access the mobile network.
The manual provisioning method is an advanced configuration normally used
only for custom network access or providers.This method is not available for
all mobile providers, and will not be available in the Mobile Device
Provisioning Wizard if your mobile provider does not support it.
Example: provision ConnectPort WAN VPN for Sprint™ PCS
The sequence of Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard screens displayed and the settings
on them vary by product and mobile service provider. If you used the Digi Device Setup
Wizard for initial configuration of your Digi device, and selected a service provider in the
wizard, some of the provisioning settings will have already been established.
Here is an example of the wizard screens for a ConnectPort WAN VPN using Sprint PCS
as the mobile service provider.
1
122
Select a mobile service provider from the list.
Configure Digi devices
2
Select automatic or manual provisioning.
The main difference between automatic and manual provisioning is that manual
provisioning involves entering more information. You will have received all of
this information from your mobile service provider during account setup.
3
Enter device provisioning information provided by your mobile service
provider.
If your mobile service provider is Verizon, this screen is not displayed. Instead
the settings are already obtained and automatically entered by Verizon’s
automatic provisioning process.
123
Configuration through the web interface
4
Device provisioning in progress...
5
Provisioning complete.
Upon successful completion of provisioning, a screen is displayed stating that the
provisioning was successful.Click Finish.
.
6
Click Apply on the Mobile Configuration page to complete the provisioning.
Re-provision a Digi device
Re-provisioning a Digi device simply consists of going through the Mobile Device
Provisioning Wizard again.
124
Configure Digi devices
Mobile connection settings
Mobile connection settings configure how the mobile connection is established and
maintained.
Re-establish connection when no data is received for a period of time:
Inactivity timeout: Whether the mobile connection will be disconnected and
re-established after no data has been received over the link for the specified
amount of time, in seconds.
Digi SureLink™ settings
The Mobile Connection Settings configure Digi SureLink™ settings for a Digi device.
SureLink ensures that a Digi device is in a state where it can connect to the mobile
network, and they can be used to monitor the integrity of the established mobile
connection.
There are two groups of SureLink settings:
Hardware Reset Thresholds: These settings can be configured to clear any
error states that were resident in the Digi device’s cellular module, so the
device can once again connect to the network, if the connection is lost. It does
this by first resetting the cellular module after a default or specified number of
consecutive failed connection attempts, and then resetting the Digi device after
a default or specified number of failed consecutive connection attempts. Each
of these connection-failure settings can be disabled as well.
Link Integrity Monitoring settings: These settings can be configured to
perform a selected test to examine the functional integrity of the network
connection, and take action to recover the connection in the event that it is lost.
125
Configuration through the web interface
Hardware reset thresholds
Hard reset the modem module after the following number of consecutive
failed connections: Enables or disables a hard reset of the cellular modem
module after the specified number of failed connection attempts.This value can
be a number between 1 and 255. The default is 3.
Power-cycle the device after the following number of consecutive failed
connections: Enables or disables a power-cycle of the Digi device after the
specified number of failed connection attempts. This value can be a number
between 1 and 255. The default is 0, or off.
Link integrity monitoring settings
Enable Link Integrity Monitoring using the test method selected below:
Enables or disables the link integrity monitoring tests. If this setting is enabled,
the other Link Integrity Monitoring settings may be configured and are used to
verify the functional integrity of the mobile connection. The default is off
(disabled).
There are three tests available:
–
Ping Test
–
TCP Connection Test
–
DNS Lookup Test
You can use these tests to demonstrate that two-way communication is working
over the mobile connection. Several tests are provided because different mobile
networks or firewalls may allow or block Internet packets for various services.
Select the appropriate test may be selected according to mobile network
constraints and your preferences.
The link integrity tests are performed only while the mobile connection is
established. If the mobile connection is disconnected, the link integrity tests are
suspended until the connection is established again.
For the link integrity tests to provide meaningful results, the remote or target
hosts must be accessible over the mobile connection and not through the LAN
interface of the device (if it has one). That is, the settings should be configured
to guarantee that the mobile connection is actually being tested.
The link integrity test settings may be modified at any time. The changes are
used at the start of the next test interval.
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Configure Digi devices
Ping Test: Enables or disables the use of “ping” (ICMP) as a test to verify the
integrity of the mobile connection. The test is successful if a valid ping reply is
received in response to the ping request sent. The ping test actually sends up to
three ping requests, at three second intervals, to test the link. When a valid
reply is received, the test completes successfully and immediately. If a reply is
received for the first request sent, there is no need to send the other two
requests.
Two destination hosts may be configured for this test. If the first host fails to
reply to all three ping requests, the same test is attempted to the second host. If
neither host replies to any of the ping requests sent, the test fails. The primary
and secondary addresses may be either IP addresses or fully qualified domain
names.
–
Primary Address: First host to test.
–
Secondary Address: Second host to test (if the first host fails).
TCP Connection Test: Enables or disables the creation of a new TCP
connection as a test to verify the integrity of the mobile connection. The test is
successful if a TCP connection is established to a specified remote host and
port number. If the remote host actively refuses the connection request, the test
is also considered to be successful, since that demonstrates successful two-way
communication over the mobile connection. The TCP connection test waits up
to 30 seconds for the connection to be established or refused. When the TCP
connection is established, the test completes successfully, and the TCP
connection is closed immediately.
Two destination hosts may be configured for this test. If the first host fails to
establish (or refuse) the TCP connection, the same test is attempted to the
second host. If neither host successfully establishes (or refuses) the TCP
connection, the test fails. The primary and secondary addresses may be either
IP addresses or fully qualified domain names.
–
TCP Port: The TCP port number to connect to on the remote host (default 80).
–
Primary Address: The address of the first host to test.
–
Secondary Address: The address of the second host to test (if the first host
fails).
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Configuration through the web interface
DNS Lookup Test: Enables or disables the use of a Domain Name Server
(DNS) lookup as a test to verify the integrity of the mobile connection. The test
is successful if a valid reply is received from a DNS server. Typically, this
means the hostname is successfully “resolved” to an IP address by a DNS
server. But even a reply such as “not found” or “name does not exist” is
acceptable as a successful test result, since that demonstrates successful twoway communication over the mobile connection. When a valid reply is
received, the test completes successfully and immediately.
The DNS servers used in this test for the hostname lookup, are the primary and
secondary DNS servers obtained from the mobile network when the mobile
PPP connection is first established. These addresses can be viewed by going to
Administration > System Information > Mobile.
Note that this DNS test is independent of the normal DNS client configuration
and lookup cache, which is used for other hostname lookups. This test has been
specifically designed to require communication over the mobile connection for
each lookup, and to avoid being “short-circuited” by previously cached
information. Also, this test does not interfere in any way with the normal DNS
client configuration of this device.
Two hostnames may be configured for this test. If the first hostname fails to get
a reply, the same test is attempted for the second hostname. If no reply is
received for either hostname, the test fails. The primary and secondary DNS
names should be fully qualified domain names. Note that the reverse lookup of
an IP address is possible, but that is usually unlikely to succeed in returning a
name. Still, such a reverse lookup can be used to demonstrate the integrity of
the mobile connection.
–
Primary DNS Name: The first hostname to look up.
–
Secondary DNS Name: The second hostname to look up (if the first hostname
fails).
Repeat the selected link integrity test every N seconds: Specifies the
interval, in seconds, at which the selected test is initiated (repeated). A new test
will be started every N seconds while the mobile connection is established.
This value must be between 10 and 65535. The default is 240.
If the configured interval is less time than it takes a test to complete, the next
test will not be initiated until the previous (current) test has completed.
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Configure Digi devices
Test only when idle: if no data is received for the above period of time:
Specifies that the test repeat interval (above) is to be used as an idle period
interval. That is, initiate the selected link integrity test only after no data has
been received for the specified interval of time. This changes the behavior of
the test in that the test interval varies according to the presence of other data
received from the mobile connection.
Although using this idle option may result in less data being exchanged over
the mobile connection, it also prevents the link integrity tests from running as
often to verify the true bi-directional state of that connection.
Reset the link after the following number of consecutive link integrity test
failures: Specifies that after the configured number of consecutive link
integrity test failures, the mobile connection should be disconnected and
reestablished. This value must be between 1 and 255. The default is 3. When
the mobile connection is reestablished, the “consecutive failures” counter is
reset to zero.
If the mobile connection is disconnected for any reason (including not as a
result of a link integrity test failure), the consecutive failures count is reset to
zero when the mobile connection is reestablished.
Status and statistical information for mobile connections
Once the mobile settings have been configured, you can monitor the status of mobile
connections by going to Administration > System Information > Mobile. See "Mobile
information and statistics" on page 184.
From the command line, this mobile information is displayed by issuing display mobile
and display pppstats commands.
129
Configuration through the web interface
Configure Mesh/ZigBee network settings
A Digi ConnectPort X gateway provides a gateway between an Internet Protocol (IP)
network and a mesh network of various ZigBee wireless devices. Typically, these mesh
devices are small sensors and controllers.
On the Mesh network, the ConnectPort X gateway serves as the coordinator node. As the
coordinator, it is responsible for establishing the operation channel and PAN ID for the
entire mesh network. The ZigBee wireless devices that are discovered and displayed as
routers.
Mesh network terms
ZigBee protocol
Node
ZigBee node types
There are three types of nodes in a Mesh network that uses the ZigBee protocol:
–
Coordinator
–
Router
–
End Device
coordinator
A coordinator is node that has the unique function of forming a network. The
coordinator is responsible for establishing the operating channel and PAN ID for an
entire network. Once established, the coordinator can form a network by allowing
routers and end devices to join to it. Once the network is formed, the Coordinator
functions like a Router (it can participate in routing packets and be a source or
destination for data packets). Characteristics of coordinators include:
- One coordinator per PAN
- Establishes/Organizes PAN
- Can route data packets to/from other nodes
- Can be a data packet source and destination
- Mains-powered
In the web interface, a coordinator is also referred to as a gateway device.
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Configure Digi devices
router
A router is a node that creates/maintains network information and uses this
information to determine the best route for a data packet. A router must join a
network before it can allow other routers and end devices to join to it. A router can
participate in routing packets and is intended to be a mains-powered node.
Characteristics of routers include:
- Several routers can operate in one PAN
- Routers can route data packets to/from other nodes
- Can be a data packet source and destination
- Is mains-powered
end device
End devices have no routing capacity. They must always interact with their parent
node (Router or Coordinator) to transmit or receive data. An end device can be a
source or destination for data packets but cannot route packets. End devices can be
battery-powered and offer low-power operation. Characteristics of end devices
include:
- Several end devices can operate in one PAN
- Can be a data packet source and destination
- All messages are relayed through a coordinator or router
- Low power end devices are not supported in this release.
ZigBee protocol terms
Here are definitions of frequently used terms in discussions of and configuration settings
for Mesh networks that use the ZigBee protocol.
ZigBee stack
ZigBee is a published specification set of high-level communication protocols for
use with small, low-power modules. The ZigBee stack provides a layer of network
functionality on top of the 802.15.4 specification. For example, the mesh and
routing capabilities available to ZigBee solutions are absent in the 802.15.4
protocol.
Personal Area Network (PAN)
A data communication network that includes a coordinator and one or more routers/
end devices. Net-work formation is governed by network maximum depth,
maximum child routers and maximum children end devices. All XBee device
adapters are shipped with the same factory default PAN ID. This PAN ID can be
changed in the Mesh Network configuration settings in the web interface for the
ConnectPort X gateway.
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Configuration through the web interface
joining
The process of a node becoming part of a ZigBee PAN. A node becomes part of a
network by joining to a coordinator or a router (that has previously joined to the
network). During the process of joining, the node that allowed joining (the parent)
assigns a 16-bit address to the joining node (the child).
network maximum depth
The level of descendents from a coordinator. In a MaxStream PAN, the network
maximum depth is 5.
maximum child routers
The maximum number of routers than can join to one node. The maximum number
of child routers in a MaxStream PAN is 6.
maximum child end devices
The maximum number of end devices than can join to one node. The maximum
number of child end devices in a MaxStream PAN is 14.
network address
The 16-bit address assigned to a node after it has joined to another node.
operating channel
The frequency selected for data communications between nodes. The operating
channel is selected by the coordinator on power-up.
energy scan
A scan of RF channels that detects the amount of energy present on the selected
channels. The Coordinator uses the energy scan to determine the operating channel.
route request
Broadcast transmission sent by a coordinator or router throughout the network in
attempt to establish a route to a destination node.
route reply
Unicast transmission sent back to the originator of the route request. It is initiated
by a node when it receives a route request packet and its address matches the
Destination Address in the route request packet.
route discovery
The process of establishing a route to a destination node when one does not exist in
the Routing Table. It is based on the AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector
routing) protocol.
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Configure Digi devices
Mesh Network configuration settings
The Mesh Network Configuration settings (Configure > Mesh Network) displays a view
of Mesh Network components, including the ConnectPort X gateway and any ZigBee
nodes that have been discovered by the XBee module in the ConnectPort X gateway. For
example:
In the Network View of the Mesh Devices:
The ZigBee radio module in the ConnectPort X gateway is listed as the
coordinator.
Any ZigBee nodes that are discovered are listed as routers.
Configuration settings for the gateway and the ZigBee nodes can be accessed by clicking
on the network components displayed in the Network View of the Mesh Devices.
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Configuration through the web interface
For example, clicking on the coordinator COORD-ABE displays the Mesh Network
Configuration settings for the XBee radio module in the ConnectPort X gateway. The
configuration settings include basic and advanced settings for the XBee radio module.
The configuration settings displayed vary depending on the type of XBee radio installed
in your Digi device. The radio settings will include some or all of the settings described in
this section.
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Configure Digi devices
Basic radio settings
PAN ID: Sets the PAN (Personal Area Network) ID, in hex. This is the
preferred PAN ID for the mesh network. If the configured ID setting is FFFF,
the Digi device will select a random PAN ID. Otherwise, the specified ID will
be used.
When a Router or End device searches for a Coordinator on the mesh network,
it joins to a parent that has a matching PAN ID. If that device's configured ID
setting is FFFF, the device will join a parent operating on any PAN ID.
Node Identifier: A printable string identifier of this node. This identifier is
returned as part of Node Discover command.
Discover Timeout: Sets the amount of time a node will spend discovering
other nodes when a Node Join or Node Discover is issued.
Scan Channels: A bit field list of the channels to scan. The Digi device
chooses of the channels when starting the network.
In a Router or End device, the bit field is a list of channels that will be scanned
to find a Coordinator/Router to join.
Scan Duration: Sets the scan duration exponent of the Active and Energy
Scans (on each channel) that are used to determine an acceptable channel and
Pan ID for startup of the Coordinator.
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Configuration through the web interface
Advanced radio settings
Transmit Power Level: Sets the power level at which the RF module transmits
conducted power.
Power Level
Conducted Power
in dBm
Lowest (0)
-10 to 10 dBm
Low (1)
-6 to 12 dBm
Medium (2)
-4 to 14 dBm
High (3)
-2 to 16 dBm
Maximum (4)
1 - 18 dBm
Allows Join Time: Determines how long a Coordinator or Router will allow
other devices to join it. If set to 255, devices can join at anytime. (This setting is
supported on Coordinators and Routers only.)
CCA Threshold: Sets the CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) threshold. Prior to
transmitting a packet, a CCA is performed to detect energy on the channel. The
packet will not be transmitted if the detected energy is above the CCA
threshold.
Random Delay Slots: Sets the minimum value of the back-off exponent in the
CSMA-CA algorithm for collision avoidance. If set to zero, collision avoidance
is disabled during the first iteration of the algorithm.
Broadcast Hops: Sets the maximum number of hops for each broadcast date
transmission. A setting 0 uses the maximum number of hops.
For more information on Mesh networks and the ZigBee protocol
The Mesh Network page in System Information (Administration > System Information
> Mesh Network) displays more detailed information about Mesh Network devices,
including counters related to any applications that are exercising the devices.
136
Configure Digi devices
Configure serial ports
Use the Serial Port Configuration page to establish a port profile for the serial port of the
Digi device. The Serial Port Configuration page includes the currently selected port
profile for the serial port, detailed configuration settings for the serial port, dependent on
the port profile selected, and links to Basic Serial Settings and Advanced Serial Settings.
About port profiles
Port profiles simplify serial port configuration by displaying only those items that are
relevant to the currently selected profile. If the Digi Device Setup Wizard was used to
initially configure the Digi device, the wizard prompted to select a port profile.
There are several port profile choices, but not all port profiles are supported in all
products. Support of port profiles varies by Digi product. If a profile listed in this
description is not available on the page, it is not supported in the Digi product.
If a port profile has already been selected, it is shown at the top of the screen. The profile
can be changed, or retained but individual settings adjusted.
Everything displayed on the Serial Port Configuration screen between Port Profile
Settings and the links to the Basic Serial Settings and Advanced Serial Settings
depends on the port profile selected.
Select and configure a port profile
1
To configure any profile select Serial Ports.
2
Click the port to be configured.
3
Click Change Profile.
4
Select the appropriate profile and Click Apply.
5
Enter the appropriate parameters for each profile. Descriptions of each profile
follow. See also the online help for the configuration screens for more details about
settings and values.
6
Click Apply to save the settings.
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Configuration through the web interface
RealPort profile
The RealPort profile maps a COM or TTY port to a serial port. This profile configures a
Digi device to create a virtual COM port on a PC, known as COM Port Redirection. The
PC applications send data to this virtual COM port and RealPort sends the data across the
network to the Digi device.
Data is routed to the serial device connected to the Digi device’s serial port. The network
is transparent to both the application and the serial device.
Important: On each PC that will use RealPort ports, RealPort software must be installed
from the Software and Documentation CD. and configured. Enter the IP address of the
Digi deviceand the RealPort TCP port number 771.
Console Management profile
The Console Management profile allows access to a device's console port over a network
connection. Most network devices such as routers, switches, and servers offer serial
port(s) for management. Instead of connecting a terminal to the console port, cable the
console port to the serial port of the Digi device. Then using Telnet features, network
administrators can access these consoled serial ports from the LAN by addressing the
appropriate TCP port.
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Configure Digi devices
TCP Sockets profile
The TCP Sockets profile allows serial devices to communicate over a TCP network. The
TCP Server allows other network devices to initiate a TCP connection to the serial device
attached to the serial port of the Digi device.
Automatic TCP connections (autoconnection)
The TCP Client allows the Digi device to automatically establish a TCP connection to an
application or a network, known as autoconnection. Autoconnection is enabled through
the TCP Sockets profile’s setting labeled Automatically establish TCP connections.
RFC 2217 support
Digi devices support RFC 2217, an extension of the Telnet protocol used to access serial
devices over the network. RFC 2217 implementations enable applications to set the
parameters of remote serial ports (baud rate, flow control, etc.), detect line signal changes,
as well as receive and transmit data. The configuration information provided in this
section applies to Digi device functioning as RFC 2217 servers.
If using the RFC 2217 protocol, do not modify the port settings from the defaults. If the
port settings have been changed, restore the factory default settings (see "Restore a device
configuration to factory defaults" on page 215). No additional configuration is required.
139
Configuration through the web interface
TCP and UDP network port numbering conventions
Digi devices use these conventions for TCP and UDP network port numbering.
For this connection type...
Use this Port
Telnet to the serial port
2001 (TCP only)
Raw connection to the serial port
2101(TCP and UDP)
Ensure that the application or Digi device that initiates communication with the uses these
network ports numbers. If they cannot be configured to use these network port numbers,
change the network port on the Digi device.
UDP Sockets profile
The UDP Sockets profile allows serial devices to communicate using UDP. The UDP
Server configuration allows the serial port to receive data from one or more systems or
devices on the network. The UDP Client configuration allows the automatic distribution
of serial data from one host to many devices at the same time using UDP sockets.
The port numbering conventions shown in the TCP Sockets Profile also apply to UDP
sockets.
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Configure Digi devices
Serial Bridge profile
The Serial Bridge profile configures one side of a serial bridge. A serial bridge connects
two serial devices over the network, each of which uses a Digi device, as if they were
connected with a serial cable. The serial devices “think” they are communicating with
each other across a serial cable using serial communication techniques. There is no need
to reconfigure the server or the serial device. Neither is aware of the intervening network.
Serial bridging is also known as serial tunneling.
This profile configures each side of the bridge separately. Repeat the configuration for the
second Digi device of the bridge, specifying the IP address of the first Digi device.
Local Configuration profile
The Local Configuration profile allows for connecting standard terminals or terminal
emulation programs to the serial port in order to use the serial port as a console to access
the command line interface. Profile settings enable and disable access to the command
line.
Modem Emulation profile
The Modem Emulation profile allows a Digi device to sends and receive modem
responses to the serial device over the Ethernet instead of PSTN (Public Switched
Telephone Network). This profile allows maintaining the current software application but
using it over a less-expensive Ethernet network.
The commands that can be issued in a modem-emulation configuration are described in
the Digi Connect Family Command Reference.
141
Configuration through the web interface
Custom Profile
The Custom port profile displays all serial-port settings, which can be changed as needed.
Use the Custom profile only if the use of the serial port does not fit into any of the
predefined port profiles, for example, if network connections involve a mix of TCP and
UDP sockets.
Basic serial settings
After selecting a port profile, the profile settings are displayed. Choose the appropriate
features for your environment. Here are brief descriptions of the fields in the Basic Serial
Settings; see the online help for detailed information about each setting.
The Description field specifies an optional character string for the port which
can be used to identify the device connected to the port.
Basic Serial Settings include Baud Rate, Data Bits, Parity, Stop Bits, and
Flow Control. The basic serial port settings must match the serial settings of
the connected device. If you do not know these settings, consult the
documentation that came with your serial device. These serial settings may be
documented as 9600 8N1, which means that the device is using a baud rate of
9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.
When using RealPort (COM port redirection) or RFC 2217, these settings are
supplied by applications running on the PC or server, and the default values on
the Digi device do not need to be changed.
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Configure Digi devices
Advanced serial settings
The advanced serial settings allow you to further define the serial interface, including
whether port buffering (also known as port logging), RTS Toggle, and RCI over Serial are
enabled as general serial interface options. You can also define how specific aspects of
TCP and UDP serial communications should operate, including timeouts and whether a
socket ID is sent.
Serial Settings
The Serial Settings part of the page includes these options:
Enable Port Logging: Enables the port-buffering feature, which allows you to
monitor incoming ASCII serial data in log form. The Log Size field specifies
the size of the buffer that contains the log of ASCII serial data.
Enable RTS Toggle: When enabled, the RTS (Request To Send) signal is
forced high (on) when sending data on the serial port.
Enable RCI over Serial (DSR): This choice allows the Digi Connect device to
be configured through the serial port using the RCI protocol. See the RCI
specification in the Digi Connect Integration Kit for further details.
RCI over Serial uses the DSR (Data Set Ready) serial signal. Verify that the
serial port is not configured for autoconnect, modem emulation, or any other
application which is dependent on DSR state changes.
143
Configuration through the web interface
TCP settings
The TCP Settings are displayed only when the current serial port is configured with the
TCP Sockets or the Custom Profile. The settings are as follows:
Send Socket ID: Include an optional identifier string with the data sent over
the network. The Socket ID can be 1 to 256 ASCII characters. To enter
non-printable characters, use these key sequences:
Character
backspace
\b
formfeed
\f
tab
\t
new line
\n
return
\r
backslash
\\
hexadecimal
values
144
Key
Sequence
\xhh
Configure Digi devices
Send data only under any of the following conditions: Enable if it is required
to set conditions on whether the Digi device sends the data read from the serial
port to the TCP destination. Conditions include:
–
Send when data is present on the serial line: Send the data to the network
destinations when a specific string of characters is detected in the serial data.
Enter the string 1 to 4 characters in the Match String field. To enter
non-printable characters, use these key sequences:
Character
hexadecimal
values
Key
Sequence
\xhh
tab
\t
line feed
\n
backslash
\\
–
Strip match string before sending: Match string before sending to strip the
string from the data before it is sent to the destination.
–
Send after the following number of idle: Send the data after the specified
number of milliseconds has passed with no additional data received on the
serial port. This can be 1 to 65,535 milliseconds.
–
Send after the following number of bytes: Send the data after the specified
number of bytes has been received on the serial port. This can be 1 to 65,535
bytes.
Close connection after the following number of idle seconds: Enable to
close an idle connection. Use the Timeout field to enter the number of seconds
that the connection will be idle before it is closed. This can be 1 to 65000
seconds.
Close connection when DCD goes low: When selected, the connection will be
closed when the DCD (Data Carrier Detected) signal goes low.
Close connection when DSR goes low: When selected, the connection will be
closed when the DSR (Data Set Ready) signal goes low.
145
Configuration through the web interface
UDP settings
The UDP Settings are displayed only when the current serial port is configured with the
UDP Sockets or the Custom Profile.
Send Socket ID: Include an optional identifier string with the data sent over
the network. The Socket ID can be 1 to 256 ASCII characters. To enter
non-printable characters, use these key sequences:
Character
backspace
\b
formfeed
\f
tab
\t
new line
\n
return
\r
backslash
\\
hexadecimal
values
146
Key
Sequence
\xhh
Configure Digi devices
Configure camera settings
ConnectPort X Family products support connecting a WatchPort Camera to one of its
USB host ports. One Digi WatchPort V2 USB camera is supported.
Camera settings
These settings configure the operation of the camera and handling of images captured by
the camera.
Enable Camera: Enables and disables camera. When disabled, all camera
activity stops and all memory used will be freed.
Resolution: The resolution level for images.
Frame Delay: Specify the minimum time (in milliseconds) between frames.
The actual delay time between frames will be this number or greater. The
camera will automatically increase this value as needed, such as in low light
conditions.
This delay time is the inverse of frames per second. For instance, if you wish to
set the camera to process at a maximum of 5 frames per second, the frame delay
is set to 200 (1/5 = 0.2 second = 200 ms).
Quality: Choose a quality from 0 to 100. 0 means the lowest quality and
smallest image sizes while 100 means the best image quality but largest images.
Qualities in the range of 30 to 80 are recommended. Quality above 80 will
result in much, much larger images than lower qualities, which will result in
lower overall performance and increased memory use.
Send Images to TCP Server: Enables sending camera images to a TCP server.
The TCP server application must conform to the protocol sent by this device.
The protocol is:
On connect, the TCP client sends a protocol id of four bytes: 0x85ce4a71,
followed by a protocol version of 4 bytes: 0x00000010
After this, images are sent over and over in the form of 4 bytes containing the
length of the JPEG image to follow, followed by the JPEG image.
–
TCP Server: Name of the server to receive image data.
–
TCP Port: TCP port. The default port is 22222.
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Configuration through the web interface
Current Image: Displays a snapshot of the current camera image. Clicking on
the image brings up a new window with the full size image (as configured
above).
If No Camera Available is displayed, either the camera is disabled (see
above), no camera is attached to the device, or some other problem is causing
the camera to not work correctly.
This current snapshot can be accessed by any web browser directly by using the
URL:
http://device-ip/FS/dev/camera/0
Advanced Settings: All the settings from Automatic Gain Control on
are advanced camera settings. It is recommended to leave these
camera settings to defaults. They can be modified for specific needs
by advanced users, but do not need to be modified by most users.
Camera operation
Once the camera is connected and configured, the current snapshot image from the camera
is available directly from the device at the following URL:
http://device-ip/FS/dev/camera/0
Video from the camera is available by streaming the camera data to a TCP server
application, a configured by the Send Images to TCP Server configuration settings.
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Configure Digi devices
Configure alarms
Use the Alarms page to configure device alarms or display current alarms settings. Device
alarms are used to send email messages or SNMP traps when certain device events occur.
These events include certain data patterns being detected in the data stream, and, for Digi
Cellular Family products, alarms for signal strength and amount of cellular traffic for a
given period of time.
Alarm notification settings
On the Alarms page, the Alarm Notification Settings control the following:
Enable alarm notifications: Enables or disables all alarm processing for the
Digi Connect device.
Send all alarms to the Remote Management server: enables or disables
sending of alarm notifications to the Connectware Manager server.
Enabling this setting sends all alarm notifications to the Connectware Manager
server. Turn this option on if your Digi device is managed by Connectware
Manager. Enabling this option is useful because it allows all alarms to be
monitored from one location, the Connectware Manager. Enabling this option
also allows Digi devices to send alarms to clients that would otherwise be
unreachable from the Digi device, either because the Digi device is behind a
firewall or not on the same network as the alarm destination.
Disabling this settings disables sending of alarm notifications to the
Connectware Manager server. Leave this option off if you do not manage your
devices with Connectware Manager or if you wish to have alarms sent from the
device, for example, because an SNMP trap destination is local to the device,
not the Connectware Manager server.
For more information on Connectware Manager, see the Connectware Manager
Getting Started Guide, and the Connectware Manager online help.
Mail Server Address (SMTP): Specifies the IP address of the SMTP mail
server. Ask your network administrator for this IP address.
From: Specifies the text that will be used in the “From:” field for all alarms
that are sent as emails.
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Configuration through the web interface
Alarm conditions
The Alarm Conditions part of the Alarms page shows a list of all of the alarms. Up to 32
alarms can be configured for a Digi device, and they can be enabled and disabled
individually.
Alarm list
The list of alarms displays the current status of each alarm. If there are any alarms already
configured for the device, and after configuring any new alarms, this list can be used to
list to view alarm status at a glance, then view more details for each alarm as needed.
Enable: Checkbox indicates whether the alarm is currently enabled or disabled.
Alarm: The number of the alarm.
Status: The current status of the alarm, which is either enabled or disabled.
Type: Specifies whether the alarm is based on GPIO pin state changes or serial
data pattern matching.
Trigger: The conditions that trigger the alarm.
SNMP Trap: Indicates whether the alarm is sent as an SNMP trap.
–
If the SNMP Trap field is disabled, and the Send To field has a value, then the
alarm is sent as an email message only.
–
If the SNMP trap field is enabled and the Send To field is blank, then the alarm
is sent as an SNMP trap only.
–
If the SNMP Trap field is enabled, and a value is specified in the Send to field,
then that means the alarm is sent both as an email and as an SNMP trap.
Send To: The email address to which the alarm is sent.
Email Subject: The text to be included in the “Subject:” line of any alarms sent
as email messages.
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Configure Digi devices
Alarm conditions
To configure an alarm, click on it. The configuration page for individual alarms has two
sections:
Alarm Conditions: For specifying the conditions on which the alarm is based,
serial data pattern matching, signal strength (RSSI), or data usage.
Alarm Destinations: For specifying how the alarm is sent, either as an email
message or an SNMP trap, or both, and where the alarm is sent.
Alarm conditions
The Alarm Conditions part of the page is for specifying the conditions on which the alarm
is based. Alarm conditions include:
Send alarms based on serial data pattern matching: Click this radio button
to specify that this alarm is sent when the specified serial data pattern is
detected. Then specify the following:
–
Serial Port: The serial port to monitor for the data pattern. This field is
displayed for devices where more than one serial port is available.
–
Pattern: An alarm is sent when the serial port receives this data pattern.
Special characters such as carriage return carriage return (\r) and new line (\n)
in the data pattern can be included.
Send alarms based on average RSSI level below threshold for amount of
time: Send alarms based on the average signal strength falling below a
specified threshold for a specified amount of time.
–
RSSI: The threshold signal strength, measured in dB (typically -120 dB to -40
dB).
–
Time: The amount of time, in minutes, that the signal strength falls below the
threshold.
Send alarms based on cellular data exchanged in an amount of time:
–
Data: The number of bytes of cellular data.
–
Time: The number of minutes.
–
Cell Data Type: The type of cellular data exchanged: Receive data, Transmit
data, or Total data.
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Configuration through the web interface
Alarm destinations
The Alarm Destination part of the page defines how alarm notifications are sent—either
as an email message or an SNMP trap, or both—and where the alarm notification is sent.
Send E-mail to the following recipients when alarm occurs: Select the
checkbox to specify that the alarm should be sent as an email message. Then
specify the following information:
–
To: The email address to which this alarm notification email message will be
sent.
–
CC: The email address to which a copy of this alarm notification email
message will be sent (optional).
–
Priority: The priority of the alarm notification email message.
–
Subject: The text to be included in the Subject: line of the alarm-notification
email message.
Send SNMP trap to the following destination when alarm occurs: Select the
checkbox to specify that the alarm should be sent as an SNMP trap.
For alarms to be sent as SNMP traps, the IP address of the destination for the
SNMP traps must be specified in the SNMP settings. This is done on the
System Configuration pages of the web interface. See "SNMP configuration
settings" on page 153. That destination IP address is then displayed below the
“Send alarm to SNMP destination” checkbox.
To configure an alarm notification to be sent as both an email message and an
SNMP trap, select both Send E-Mail and Send SNMP trap checkboxes.
Click Apply to apply changes for the alarm and return to the Alarms
Configuration page.
Enable and Disable Alarms
Once alarm conditions are configured, enable and disable individual alarms by selecting
or deselecting the Enable checkbox for each alarm.
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Configure Digi devices
Configure system settings
The System Configuration page configures system settings, including device description
information, such as the device name, contact, and location, and whether SNMP is
enabled or disabled and the SNMP traps that are enabled.
Device description information
A device description is a system description of the Digi device’s name, contact, and
location. This device description can be useful for identifying a specific Digi device when
working with a large number of devices in multiple locations.
SNMP configuration settings
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol that can be used to manage
and monitor network devices. Digi devices can be configured to use SNMP features, or
SNMP can be disabled entirely for security reasons. To configure SNMP settings, click
the Simple Network Management Protocol link at the bottom of the System
Configuration page. SNMP settings include:
Enable Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): This checkbox
enables or disables use of SNMP.
The Public community and Private community fields specify passwords
required to get or set SNMP-managed objects. Changing public and private
community names from their defaults is recommended to prevent unauthorized
access to the device.
–
Public community: The password required to get SNMP-managed objects. The
default is public.
–
Private community: The password required to set SNMP-managed objects. The
default is private.
Allow SNMP clients to set device settings through SNMP: This checkbox
enables or disables the capability for users to issue SNMP “set” commands uses
use of SNMP read-only for the Digi device.
Enable Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traps: Enables or
disables the generation of SNMP traps.
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Configuration through the web interface
Destination IP: The IP address of the system to which traps are sent. In order
to enable any of the traps, a non-zero value must be specified. For Digi devices
that support alarms, this field is required in order for alarms to be sent in the
form of SNMP traps. See "Configure alarms" on page 149.
At the bottom of the page are checkboxes for the SNMP traps that can be used:
authentication failure, login, cold start, and link up traps.
Configure remote management (Connectware Manager) settings
The Remote Management configuration page sets up the connection to the Connectware
Manager server so the Digi device knows how to connect to the server.
The Connectware Manager server allows devices to be configured and managed from
remote locations.
Steps for setting up remote management
Using Connectware Manager as a remote manager of a Digi device requires several steps:
1
Install The Connectware Manager server on a server system. See the Connectware
Manager Getting Started Guide for installation instructions
2
Assign a device ID defined for the Digi device. See the Connectware Manager
Operator’s Guide’s instructions for adding a device.
Important: The device ID for the Digi device must be unique. By default, the
device ID is created from the MAC address of the device.
3
From the web interface, configure the Remote Management settings so the device
can communicate with the Connectware Manager server.
There are two pages of remote management settings: Connections and
Advanced settings.
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Configure Digi devices
Connection settings
The Connection settings configure how the Digi device connects to the Connectware
Manager server. These settings include information about communication between client
and server and the connection methods used by the various interfaces on the system.
About client-initiated and server-initiated connections
Digi devices can be configured to connect to and communicate with the Connectware
Manager server through client-initiated or server-initiated connections.
To illustrate how both types of connections work, here is a configuration scenario
featuring Digi devices communicating over a cellular network with a Connectware
Manager server running in the home office.
Addresses for Digi devices can be publicly known, or private and dynamic, or handled
through Network Address Translation (NAT). (NAT reduces the need for a large amount
of publicly known IP addresses by creating a separation between publicly known and
privately known IP addresses. NAT allows a single device, such as a router, to act as an
agent between a public network, such as the Internet or a wireless network, and a private,
or local, network. This means that only one unique IP address is needed to represent an
entire group of computers. Addresses handled through NAT can access the rest of “the
world,” but “the world” cannot access them.)
In a client-initiated connection, the Digi deviceattempts to connect to the network, and
will continue attempts to reach the Connectware Manager server to establish the
connection. To maintain the connection, the Digi device sends keep-alive messages over
the connection. The frequency with which keep-alive messages are sent is configurable.
An advantage of client-initiated connections is that they can be used in any cellular
network, whether public or private IP addresses are used, or even if NAT is used. A
disadvantage is that you can be charged for the Digi devicesending the keep-alives,
depending on your cellular/mobile service plan.
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Configuration through the web interface
A server-initiated connection works the opposite way. The Connectware Manager server
opens a TCP connection, and the Digi device must be listening for the connection to the
Connectware Manager server to occur. An advantage of server-initiated connections is
that you are not charged for sending the keep-alive bytes that are used in client-initiated
connections. A disadvantage is that there is no way of knowing whether the devices
displayed in the device list at the Connectware Manager server are offline or connected.
The device list shows all the devices as disconnected until the Connectware Manager
server does something to interact with them. In addition, server-initiated connections
cannot be used if Digi devices have private IP addresses and are behind a NAT.
Last Known Address (LKA)
Changes to the IP address for a Digi device present a challenge in server-initiated
connections, because the Connectware Manager server needs to locate the Digi device by
its new IP address. Digi Cellular Family devices handle address changes by sending a Last
Known Address (LKA) update to the Connectware Manager server. This permits the
Connectware Manager to connect back to the Digi device, or to dynamically update a
DNS with the IP address of the device.
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Configure Digi devices
Client initiated management connection settings
Enable Remote Management and Configuration using a client initiated
connection: Configures the connection to the Connectware Manager server to
be initiated by the Connectware Manager client, that is, this Digi device.
Server Hostname: The IP address or hostname of the Connectware Manager
server.
Automatically reconnect to the server after being disconnected
Wait for: Whether to automatically reconnect to the server after being
disconnected and waiting for the specified amount of time.
Server initiated management connection settings
Enable Remote Management and Configuration using a server initiated
connection: Configures the connection to the Connectware Manager
server to be initiated by the Connectware Manager server.
Enable Last Known Address (LKA) updates to the following server:
Enables or disables a connection to a Connectware Manager server to inform
that server of the IP address of the Digi device, known as a “last known
address” (LKA) update. This permits the Connectware Manager to connect
back to the Digi Cellular Family device, or to dynamically update a DNS with
the IP address of the device.
Server Hostname: The IP address or hostname of the Connectware Manager
server.
Retry if the LKA update fails:
Retry every: These options specify whether another “last known address”
update attempt should be made after a previous attempt failed, and how often
the retry attempts should occur.
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Configuration through the web interface
Advanced remote management settings
The default settings for remote management usually work for most situations. These
Advanced settings are used in advanced situations. They are used to configure the idle
timeout for the connection between the Digi device and the Connectware Manager server,
and the keep-alive settings of the various interfaces (TCP and HTTP for mobile and
Ethernet network connections). These settings should only be changed when the defaults
do not properly work.
Connection Settings: These settings configure the idle timeout for the
connection between the Digi device and the Connectware Manager server.
–
Disconnect when Connectware Management is idle: Enables or disables the
idle timeout for the connection. If enabled, the connection will be dropped, or
ended, after the amount of time specified in the Idle Timeout setting.
–
Idle Timeout: The amount of time to wait before timing out the connection.
Mobile Settings:
Ethernet Settings: These settings apply to client-initiated management
connections over the mobile/cellular and Ethernet networks.
–
Connectware Management Protocol Keep-Alive Settings: These settings
control how often keep-alive packets are sent over the client-initiated
connection to the Connectware Manager server, and whether the device waits
before dropping the connection.
Receive Interval: The number of seconds to wait for a keep-alive
message from the Connectware Manager server before assuming
the connection is lost.
Transmit Interval: The number of seconds to wait between sending keepalive messages. (
Assume connection is lost after n timeouts: How many timeouts occur
before the Digi device assumes the connection to the Connectware
Manager server is lost and drops the connection.
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Configure Digi devices
–
Connection Method: The method for connecting to the Connectware Manager
server.
TCP: Connect using TCP. This is the default connection method, and is
typically good enough for most connections. It is the most efficient method
of connecting to the remote server in terms of speed and transmitted data
bytes.
Automatic: Automatically detect the connection method. This connection
method is less efficient than TCP, but it is useful in situations where a
firewall or proxy may prevent direct connection via TCP. Automatic will
try each combination until a connection is made. This connection method
requires the HTTP over Proxy Settings to be specified.
None: This value has the same effect as selecting TCP.
HTTP: Connect using HTTP.
HTTP over Proxy: Connect using HTTP.
–
HTTP over Proxy Settings: The settings required to communicate over a
proxy network using HTTP. These settings apply when Automatic or HTTP
over Proxy connection methods are selected.
Hostname: The name of the proxy host.
TCP Port: The network port number for the TCP network service on the
proxy host.
Username:
Password: The username and password for logging on to the proxy host.
Enable persistent proxy connections: Specifies whether the Digi device
should attempt to use HTTP persistent connections. Not all HTTP proxies
correctly handle HTTP persistent connections. The use of persistent
connections can improve performance of the exchange of messages
between the device server and Connectware Manager, when that
connection is HTTP/proxy. The reason for this is that the same HTTP
connection can be reused for multiple consecutive HTTP requests and
replies, eliminating the overhead of establishing a new TCP connection for
each individual HTTP request/reply, then closing that connection when the
request is complete.
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Configuration through the web interface
Alarms and the Connectware Manager server
All alarms can be sent to the Connectware Manager server for display and management
from that interface. See "Configure alarms" on page 149.
For more information on Connectware Manager
The Connectware Manager Operator’s Guide provides detailed information on
Connectware Manager features and tasks performed from the Connectware Manager
console.
Configure Security settings
Security settings involve several areas:
User authentication: whether authentication is required for users accessing the
Digi device, and the information required to access it. You can choose to have
the user authentication be by username and password or by an SSH public key.
Depending on the Digi product, multiple users and their authentication
information can be defined. User authentication settings are on the Security
settings page.
Network Configuration settings to further secure your device: Digi devices
with Cellular capability present additional security considerations, mainly
involving securing the border between the Digi device and the cellular network.
Several settings on the Network Configuration pages are available to further
secure the Digi device. For example, on the Network Services page, you can
disable unused network services. On the IP Filtering page, you can allow
access from a specified devices and networks, and drop all other
connection attempts.
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Configure Digi devices
About user models and user permissions
In Digi devices that have a one-user model:
By default, there is no login prompt.
The default name for user 1 is root. This user is also known as the
administrative user.
User 1 has permissions that enables it to do all commands. Permissions cannot
be altered.
Password authentication
By default, there is no password authentication for Digi Cellular Family devices. That
means if when accessing the Digi Cellular Family device by opening the web interface or
issuing a telnet command, no login prompt is displayed.
Enable password authentication
If desired, enable password authentication for the Cellular Family device.
In the web interface:
1
On the Main menu, click Security.
2
On the Security Configuration page, check the Enable password authentication
check box.
3
Enter the new password in the New Password and Confirm Password edit boxes.
4
Click Apply.
5
A prompt is displayed to immediately log back in to the web interface using the
new values.
From the command line:
To enable the login prompt for a device that uses the one-user model, issue a newpass
command with a password length of one or more characters.
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Configuration through the web interface
Disable password authentication
Password authentication can be disabled as needed.
In the web interface:
1
On the Main menu, click Security.
2
On the Security Configuration page, check the Enable password authentication
check box.
3
Click Apply.
From the command line:
Issue a newpass command with a zero-length password.
Change the password for administrative user
To increase security, change the password for the administrative user from its default. By
default, the administrative username is root.
Note Record the new password. If the changed password is lost, the Digi device
must be reset to the default firmware settings.
In Digi devices with a single-user model, changing the root password also changes the
password for Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP). In Digi devices with the multiuser model, changing the root password has no effect on ADDP. To change the ADDP
password, use enter newpass name=addp from the command line.
In the web interface:
1
On the Main menu, click Security.
2
On the Security Configuration page, enter the new password in the New
Password and Confirm Password edit boxes. The password can be from
4 through 16 characters long and is case-sensitive. Click Apply.
3
A logoff is forced immediately. Log in to the web interface using the new values.
From the command line:
Issue the newpass command.
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Configure Digi devices
Upload an SSH public key
SSH can be configured to log into to servers without having to provide a password. This is
called “public key authentication” and is more secure than using a normal password. You
generate a public/private key using a program called ssh-keygen, and store a copy of the
public key on the server(s) that you wish to use for authentication. When you attempt to
log in, the server sends you a message encrypted with your public key. Your machine
decrypts it and sends back the original message, proving your identity.
To upload an SSH public key:
1
On the Main menu, click Security.
2
On the Security Configuration page, check the Enable SSH public key
authentication check box.
3
Type or paste the SSH public key in the edit box.
4
Click Apply.
Disable unused and non-secure network services
Depending on your mobile service provider, other users can access your Digi device
device over the Internet, through various network services enabled on your Digi device.
To further secure the Digi device, network services not necessary to the device,
particularly non-secure or un-encrypted network services such as Telnet, can be disabled.
See "Network services settings" on page 82.
Use IP filtering
You can better restrict your device on the network by only allowing certain devices or
networks to connect. This is known as IP filtering or Access Control Lists (ACL). IP
filtering configures a Digi device to accept connections from specific and known IP
addresses or networks only, and silently drop other connections. Digi devices can be
filtered on a single IP address or restricted as a group of devices using a subnet mask that
only allows specific networks to access to the device. IP Filtering settings are a part of the
Network configuration settings. See "IP filtering settings" on page 90.
Important: Plan and review your IP filtering settings before applying them. Incorrect
settings can make the Digi device inaccessible from the network.
163
Configuration through the web interface
Configure applications
Several Digi devices support additional configurable applications. For most devices, these
applications are accessed from the main menu under Applications. Some devices have an
Applications link under Configuration.
Python ® program management
ConnectPort X Family products support loading and running programs written in the
Python programming language on ConnectPort X devices.
Python is a dynamic, object-oriented language that can be used for developing a wide
range of software applications, from simple programs to more complex embedded
applications. It includes extensive libraries and works well with other languages. A true
open-source language, Python runs on a wide range of operating systems, such as
Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, OS/2, Amiga, Palm Handhelds, and Nokia mobile
phones. Python has also been ported to Java and .NET virtual machines.
Recommended distribution of Python interpreter
The current version of the Python interpreter embedded in Digi devices is 2.4.3. Please
use modules known to be compatible with this version of the Python language only.
Additional Python programming resources
The Digi Python Programming Handbook introduces the Python programming language
and describes Digi’s implementation of Python modules.
For additional information on the Python Programming Language, go to http://
www.python.org/ and click the Documentation link.
Python configuration pages
Selecting Applications > Python from the main menu for a ConnectPort X Family device
displays the Python Configuration pages. These pages are used to:
Manage Python program files, including uploading them to Digi devices and
deleting them as needed.
Configure Python programs to execute when the Digi device boots, also known
as auto-start programs.
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Configure Digi devices
Python files
The Python files page is for uploading Python programs to a Digi device, and managing
the uploaded files.
Upload Files: Click Browse to select a file to upload to the Digi device and
then click Upload.
Manage Files: Select any files to remove from the Digi device and click
Delete.
Auto-start settings
The Auto-start settings page configures Python programs to execute when the Digi device
boots. Up to four entries can be configured.
Enable: When checked, the program specified in the Auto-start command line
field will be run when the device boots.
Auto-start command line: Specify the Python program filename to be
executed and any arguments to pass to the program. The syntax is:
filename [arg1 arg2...]
Manually execute uploaded Python programs
To manually execute an uploaded Python program on a Digi device, access the
command line of the device. Then type the command:
python filename [program args...]
165
Configuration through the command line
Configuration through the command line
Configuring a Digi devicethrough the command-line interface consists of entering a series
of commands to set values in the device. The Digi Connect Family Command Reference
describes the commands used to configure, monitor, administer, and operate Digi devices.
Access the command line
To configure devices using commands, first access the command line. Either launch the
command-line interface from the last page of the Digi Device Setup Wizard or use the
telnet command. Enter the telnet command from a command prompt on another
networked device, such as a server, as follows:
#> telnet ip-address
where ip-address is the IP address of the Digi device. For example:
#> telnet 192.3.23.5
If security is enabled for the Digi device, (that is, a username and password have been set
up for logging on to it), a login prompt is displayed. If the user name and password for the
device are unknown, contact the system administrator who originally configured the
device.
Verify device support of commands
To verify whether a Digi devicesupports a particular command, online help is available.
For example:
help displays all supported commands for a device.
? displays all supported commands for a device
set ? displays the syntax and options for the set command. Use this command
to determine whether the device includes a particular “set” command variant to
configure various features.
help set displays syntax and options for the set command.
set serial ? displays the syntax and options for the set serial command.
help set serial displays the syntax and options for the set serial command.
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Configure Digi devices
Here are some examples of commands used to configure Digi devices. See the
Introduction of the Digi Connect Family Command Reference for a complete list of
features and tasks that can be configured and performed from the command line.
To configure:
Use this command:
access control (IP filtering): limit network access
to device
set accesscontrol
alarms
set alarms
autoconnection behaviors for serial port
connections
set autoconnect
Connectware Device Protocol connection
settings
set mgmtconnection
Connectware Device Protocol global settings
set mgmtglobal
Connectware Device Protocol network settings
set mgmtnetwork
Ethernet communications parameters
set ethernet
IP forwarding
set forward
host name
set host
Industrial Automation/Modbus
set ia
Mesh network settings
set mesh
(See command syntax on page 202.)
mobile statistics
display mobile
modem emulation
set pmodem
network options
set network
network services
set service
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Configuration through the command line
To configure:
Point-to-Point (PPP) outbound connections
set pppoutbound
port buffering
set buffer
port profile for a serial port
set profiles
provisioning CDMA cellular modules
display provisioning
provision
system-identifying information
set system
serial port options--general
set serial
serial TCP and serial UDP
set tcpserial and set udpserial
RealPort configuration options
set realport
router and Network Address Translation settings
set nat
RTS toggle
set rtstoggle
SNMP
set snmp
Telnet control command: send Telnet control
command to last active Telnet session
send
users and passwords
168
Use this command:
set user
newpass
Configure Digi devices
Configuration through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Configuring Digi devices through Simple Network Management protocol uses a subset of
standard MIBs for network and serial configuration, plus several Digi enterprise MIBs for
device identification and alarm handling. These MIBs are listed and described on page 59,
and must be loaded into a network management station (NMS). The standard and Digi
Enterprise MIBs allow for very basic network and serial configuration. For more detailed
configuration settings, use the command-line interface or web interface instead.
Some elements of SNMP configuration can only be configured from the web interface or
command line, such as the setting to send alarms as SNMP traps. In the web interface, this
setting is located at Configuration > Alarms > alarm > Alarm Destinations > Send
SNMP trap to following destination when alarm occurs. See "Configure alarms" on
page 149. In the command-line interface, this setting is configured by the set alarm
option type=snmptrap. See the set alarm command description in the Connect Family
Command Reference.
For more information on SNMP as a device interface, see pages 32 and 58. For
information on SNMP as a monitoring interface, see page 208.
169
Configuration through Connectware Manager
Configuration through Connectware Manager
Configuring Mesh Networks and Nodes through Connectware Manager
Connectware Manager has several views for configuring and managing Mesh networks:
The Mesh Networks view
Node view
Using Connectware Manager to manage devices in Mesh networks provides several
advantages:
Can run remotely
Gateway and PAN Management features
Can view more devices and the entire network, rather than one device at a time
Allows for caching of previous sets of device configuration settings
Easier to restructure table
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Configure Digi devices
ZigBee Networks View
The Mesh Networks device management view of Connectware Manager allows for
displaying devices within their ZigBee network, including their node ID, the network to
which they belong, physical addresses, their role in the ZigBee network (coordinator,
router, or end node), and their defined parent in the ZigBee network. Useful information at
the bottom of the view includes the state of the battery in the device and the relative signal
strength of the radio module in the device.
171
Configuration through Connectware Manager
Node View
From the ZigBee Networks view, more detailed views of devices can be accessed. For
example, here are the Radio and Summary tabs of the Mesh Node Properties view for a
particular ZigBee network node:
172
Configure Digi devices
173
Batch capabilities for configuring multiple devices
Batch capabilities for configuring multiple devices
For configuring many Digi devicesat a time, batch configuration capabilities for
uploading configuration files are available through the Digi Connect Programmer. For
details and command descriptions, see the Digi Connect Family Customization and
Integration Guide.
What’s next?
See Chapter 3, "Monitor and manage Digi devices" for details on viewing system
information and device statistics and managing device connections and services. Chapter
4, "Administration tasks" describes common administrative tasks such as file
management, updating firmware, and restoring configuration settings to factory defaults.
174
Monitor and manage Digi
devices
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
3
The port, device, system, and network activities of Digi devicescan be monitored for from
a variety of interfaces. Changes in data flow may indicate problems or activities that may
require immediate attention. In addition, connections and network services can be
managed.
This chapter discusses monitoring and connection-management capabilities and tasks in
Digi devices. It covers these topics:
Monitoring and Digi devices and manage their connections from the web-based
interface on page 176
Monitoring Digi devices from the command line on page 198
Monitoring capabilities from Connectware Manager on page 206
Monitoring capabilities from SNMP on page 208
175
Monitoring capabilities in the web interface
Monitoring capabilities in the web interface
Several device monitoring and connection-management capabilities are available in the
web interface including system information and statistics, and connection management
information.
Display system information
The System Information pages display information about a Digi device, and are typically
used by technical support to troubleshoot problems. To display these pages, go to
Administration > System Information. System Information pages include general
system information, serial port information, network statistics, mobile information and
statistics, and diagnostics.
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Monitor and manage Digi devices
General system information
The General page displays the following general system information about the Digi
device, which can be useful in device monitoring and troubleshooting.
Information on the General System Information page includes:
Model
The model of the Digi device.
MAC Address
A unique network identifier. All network devices are required to have their own unique
MAC address. The MAC address is on a sticker on the Digi device. The number is
displayed as 12 hexadecimal digits, usually starting with 00:40:9D.
Firmware Version
The current firmware version running in the Digi device. This information may be used
to help locate and download new firmware. Firmware updates can be downloaded from
http://support.digi.com/support/firmware.
Boot Version
The current boot code version running in the Digi device.
POST Version
The current Power-On Self Test (POST) code version running in the Digi device.
CPU Utilization
The amount of CPU resources being used by the Digi device.
Important: 100% CPU Utilization may indicate encryption key generation is inprogress. A CPU usage this high may indicate that encryption key generation is inprogress. On initial boot, the Digi device generates some encryption key material: an
RSA key for SSL/TLS operations, and a DSA key for SSH operations. This keygeneration process can take as long as 40 minutes to complete. Until the corresponding
key is generated, the Digi device will be unable to initiate or accept that type of
encrypted connection. It will also report itself as 100% busy but, since key generation
takes place at a low priority, the device will still function normally. On subsequent
reboots, the Digi device will use its existing keys and will not need to generate another
unless a reset to factory defaults is done, which will cause a new key to be generated on
the next reboot.
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Up Time
The amount of time the Digi device has been running since it was last powered on or
rebooted.
Total/Used/Free Memory
The amount of memory (RAM) available, currently in use, and currently not being used.
Serial port information
The Serial page of System Information lists the serial ports that are configured for the Digi
device. Click on a port to view the detailed serial port information.
Serial port diagnostics page
The Serial Port Diagnostics page of system information provides details that may aid in
troubleshooting serial communication problems.
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Configuration
The Configuration section of serial port information includes the electrical interface (Port
Type) and basic serial settings.
Signals
In the Signals section shows the serial port signals are green when asserted (on) and gray
when not asserted (off). The meanings of the signals are:
RTS
Request To Send.
CTS
Clear To Send.
DTR
Data Terminal Ready.
DSR
Data Set Ready.
DCD
Data Carrier Detected.
OFC
Output Flow Control. This signal indicates that flow control is enabled on the remote
side of the serial-port connection, and that the Digi device should stop sending data.
IFC
Input Flow Control. This signal indicates that the Digi device is operating as if flow
control is enabled for incoming data sent from the remote side of the serial-port
connection. This signal is more of an indication that flow control is intended or expected
rather than true state information. If the remote side has a flow-control mechanism
enabled, the Digi device will use it.
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Serial statistics
The Serial statistics section of serial port information includes data counters and error
tracking that will help determine the quality of data that is being sent or received. If the
error counters are accumulating, there may be a problem in the Digi device.
Total Data In
Total number of data bytes received.
Total Data Out
Total number of data bytes transmitted.
Overrun Errors
Number of overrun errors - the next data character arrived before the hardware could
move the previous character.
Overflow Errors
Number of overflow errors - the receive buffer was full when additional data was
received.
Framing Errors
Number of framing errors received - the received data did not have a valid stop bit.
Parity Errors
Number of parity errors - the received data did not have the correct parity setting.
Breaks
Number of break signals received.
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Network statistics
Network statistics are detailed statistics about network and protocol activity that may aid
in troubleshooting network communication problems. Statistics displayed are those
gathered since the unit was last rebooted. If an error counter accumulates at an unexpected
rate for that type of counter, there may be a problem in the Digi device.
Ethernet Connection Statistics
Speed
Ethernet link speed: 10 or 100 Mbps. N/A if link integrity is not detected, for example,
if the cable is disconnected.
Duplex
Ethernet link mode: half or full duplex. N/A if link integrity is not detected, for
example, if the cable is disconnected.
Bytes Received
Bytes Sent
Number of bytes received or sent.
Unicast Packets Received
Number of unicast packets received and delivered to a higher-layer protocol. A unicast
packet is one directed to an Ethernet MAC address.
Unicast Packets Sent
Number of unicast packets requested to be sent by a higher-layer protocol. A unicast
packet is one directed to an Ethernet MAC address.
Non-Unicast Packets Received
Number of non-unicast packets received and delivered to a higher-layer protocol. A
non-unicast packet is one directed to either an Ethernet broadcast address or a multicast
address.
Non-Unicast Packets Sent
Number of non-unicast packets requested to be sent by a higher-layer protocol. A nonunicast packet is one directed to either an Ethernet broadcast address or a multicast
address.
Unknown Protocol Packets Received
Number of packets received that were discarded because of an unknown or unsupported
protocol.
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IP Statistics
Datagrams Received
Datagrams Forwarded
Number of datagrams received or forwarded.
Forwarding
Displays whether forwarding is enabled or disabled.
No Routes
Number of outgoing datagrams for which no route to the destination IP could be found.
Routing Discards
Number of outgoing datagrams which have been discarded.
Default Time-To-Live
Number of routers an IP packet can pass through before being discarded.
TCP Statistics
Segments Received
Segments Sent
Number of segments received or sent.
Active Opens
Number of active opens. In an active open, the Digi device is initiating a connection
request with a server.
Passive Opens
Number of passive opens. In a passive open, the Digi device is listening for a connection
request from a client.
Bad Segments Received
Number of segments received with errors.
Attempt Fails
Number of failed connection attempts.
Segments Retransmitted
Number of segments retransmitted. Segments are retransmitted when the server doesn't
respond to a packet sent by the client. This is to handle packets that might get lost or
discarded somewhere in the network.
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Established Resets
Number of established connections that have been reset.
UDP statistics
Datagrams Received
Datagrams Sent
Number of datagrams received or sent.
Bad Datagrams Received
Number of bad datagrams that were received. This number does not include the value
contained by No Ports.
No Ports
Number of received datagrams that were discarded because the specified port was
invalid.
ICMP statistics
Messages Received
Number of messages received.
Bad Messages Received
Number of received messages with errors.
Destination Unreachable Messages Received
Number of destination unreachable messages received. A destination unreachable
message is sent to the originator when a datagram fails to reach its intended destination.
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Monitoring capabilities in the web interface
Mobile information and statistics
The Mobile information and statistics page displays detailed mobile statistics that
may aid in troubleshooting network communication problems with your
mobile network. The statistics displayed depend on whether your mobile service
provider is GSM- or CDMA-based.
Mobile Connection Statistics
Registration Status
The status of the modem's connection to the cellular network:
–
Not Registered: Digi device is not currently searching a new operator to
register to.
–
Registered: Home Network.
–
Not Registered: Digi device is currently searching a new operator to register to.
–
Registration Denied.
–
Unknown.
–
Registered - Roaming.
Cell ID
The modem’s identifier in hexadecimal and decimal, for example: “00C3 (195).”
Location Area Code (aka “LAC”)
The modem reports this value as a 4-hex-digit string. In the mobile statistics it is
displayed both as hex and decimal representations. For example “00C3 (195).”
Signal Strength (RSSI)
The relative signal strength, displayed as signal strength LEDs.
184
–
0 LEDs: Unacceptable; Signal strength is not known or not detectable.
–
1 LED: Weak.
–
2 LEDs: Moderate.
–
3 LEDs: Good.
–
4: LEDs: Excellent.
Monitor and manage Digi devices
Mobile Statistics
Mobile statistics include the interface status, bytes received and sent, baud rate, modem
resets, and inactivity timer.
IP Address
The IP address of the PPP connection provided by the mobile service.
Primary DNS Address
Secondary DNS Address
The IP addresses of the DNS nameservers. Name lookups are performed using the
nameserver specified on “dns1” first, and if that fails, the nameserver specified on
“dns2” is used.
Data Received
Total number of data bytes received.
Data Sent
Total number of data bytes sent.
Idle Resets
The number of times the modem has been reset because no data was received for a
period of time.
Inactivity Timer
The time, in seconds, after which if no data has received over the link, the mobile
connection will be disconnected and re-established.
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Mobile Information
IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI), a unique 15-digit number which
designates the subscriber. This ID is the subscriber's code to access the cellular network,
and is used by the network for provisioning and to admit the device/user to its
provisioned services.
Phone Number
The phone number used to call the modem module. Two numbers are displayed: the
Mobile Directory Number (MDN) and the Mobile Identification Number (MIN).
Modem Manufacturer
The manufacturer of the modem module.
Model
The model name of the modem module.
Modem Serial Number
The serial number of the modem module.
Modem Revision
The firmware revision in the modem module.
Other Mobile Information
Depending on your mobile service provider, other mobile information and settings may
be provided after the modem revision.
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SureLink statistics
Digi SureLink™ provides an “always-on” mobile network connection to ensure that a
Digi device is in a state where it can connect to the network.
The statistics displayed for Digi SureLink pertain to the periodic tests, known as Link
Integrity Monitoring tests, that are run over the established PPP connection to ensure that
end-to-end communication is possible. There are three Link Integrity Monitoring tests
available: Ping Test, TCP Connection Test, and DNS Lookup Test. For descriptions of
these tests, see "Link integrity monitoring settings" on page 126.
In these SureLink statistics, a “session” is a PPP session. The session statistics are reset to
zero at the start of a new PPP connection. The “total” statistics are the accumulated totals
for all sessions since the device booted. The “tests” are the SureLink Link Integrity
Monitoring tests that have been configured to be run when the mobile network connection
is established.
session successes
The number of times a configured test was attempted and succeeded in the current PPP
session.
session failures
The number of times a configured test was attempted but failed in the current PPP
session.
session consecutive failures
The number of consecutive failures for a test, with no success. When a test is successful,
the consecutive failures counter is reset to zero. The consecutive failures counter
indicates a device's “progress” toward the configured maximum number of consecutive
failures, after which the PPP link is taken down (and restarted).
session bypasses
If a configuration parameter is bad, a test is bypassed rather than considered to have
succeeded or failed. This means the test was not run. If the PPP connection goes down
while a test is in progress, that test may be classified as bypassed, since it could not be
run. (Note that the PPP link may come down for many reasons, independent of
SureLink testing.)
total successes
The total number of times a configured test was attempted and succeeded since the Digi
device was booted.
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Monitoring capabilities in the web interface
total failures
The total number of times a configured test was attempted but failed since the Digi
device was booted.
total link down requests
The number of times the SureLink feature has failed consecutively the configured
number of failures and, as a result, requested that PPP shut down and restart its
connection. This statistic counts such occurrences during the current device boot.
SureLink itself does do the PPP stop/start; it sends a message to PPP asking it to do so,
owing to a Surelink test failure.
total bypasses
The total test bypasses (see “session bypasses”) since the Digi device was rebooted.
Diagnostics
The Diagnostics page provides a ping utility to determine whether the Digi device can
access remote devices over the network. Enter the hostname of the remote device to
attempt to access, and click Ping.
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Manage connections and services
The Management menu is for viewing and managing connections and services for the
Digi device.
Manage serial ports
Management > Serial Ports provides an overview of the serial ports and their
connections. Clicking Connections displays the active connections for that serial port.
The view can be refreshed to see any new serial-port connections list, and connections can
be disconnected as needed.
Manage connections
Management > Connections displays active Virtual Private Network (VPN) and system
connections.
Manage VPN connections
To monitor a VPN connection from the web interface, select
Management > Connections. The VPN settings appear.
Note that the Connect and Disconnect functions do not work for a VPN that uses a
Pre-Shared Key (PSK).
Manage active system connections
The Active System Connections list provides an overview of connections associated with
various interfaces, such as user connections to the device’s web interface, or to the
command line through the local shell; the protocols used for the connections; and the
number of active sessions for each connection. One of the uses of this list is to determine
whether any connections are no longer needed and can be disconnected.
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Event logging
Information on this feature to be provided in a forthcoming release.
Manage network services
Management > Network Services displays information about active network services.
Currently, the only network-service management task possible from this page is managing
the DHCP server.
Manage DHCP server operation
DHCP server management operations include:
View DHCP server status.
Start/stop/restart the DHCP server.
View and manage current DHCP leases.
Start, stop, and restart the DHCP server
The DHCP Server Management page shows the current status of the DHCP server.
Depending on the current status, there are buttons to start, stop, or restart the DHCP
server. Click the appropriate button to perform your request.
Note Stopping, restarting, or rebooting the DHCP server causes all knowledge of
the IP address leases to be lost. All leased addresses (except for reservations)
will be returned to the available address pool and may be served in a new
lease to a DHCP client.
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View and manage current DHCP leases
The DHCP server maintains a current list of its leases, reservations and unavailable
addresses. The displayed lease list may contain entries that report a variety of status
descriptions. The Lease Status types are identified and described below.
Even after a lease has expired or is released by a DHCP client, the associated IP address is
not immediately returned to the available address pool. Rather, there is a non-configurable
grace period during which the lease record is retained by the DHCP server. At the end of
that grace period, the lease record is automatically deleted and the associated IP address is
returned to the available address pool. Where a grace period is observed, this is indicated
in the Lease Status descriptions below.
The grace period is incorporated in the DHCP server to increase the consistency of
offering the same IP address to a DHCP client, even if that client is rebooted or off the
network for a period of time that does not exceed the grace period.
You can explicitly remove leases from the DHCP server while it is running. To remove a
lease, select the checkbox to the left of the lease information in the table of leases, then
click the Remove button below the lease table. To remove all leases, select the checkbox
to the left of the descriptive headings at the top of the table, then click the Remove button
below the lease table.
Note Removing a lease will cause the associated IP address to be returned
immediately to the available address pool. Any IP address in this available
address pool may be served in a new lease to a DHCP client.
Static lease reservations will always show in the lease list. These reservation
leases may be removed, but a new lease will be created immediately. To disable
or permanently remove a reservation, use the DHCP server Settings page in the
Network Configuration area.
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Lease status types
Descriptions of Lease Status values that are displayed in the lease list follow, including
how long a lease table entry will remain in each state. Note that after a lease is deleted, the
associated IP address is returned to the available address pool.
Assigned (active)
A lease is currently assigned and active for the given client. The client may renew the
lease, in which case the lease remains in this state.
Assigned (expired)
A lease has expired and is no longer active for the given client. A lease in this state will
remain for a 4 hour grace period, after which it is deleted. If the same client requests an
IP address before the lease is deleted, it will be given the same IP address previously
served to it.
Reserved (active)
A lease for an address reservation is currently active for the given client. A reservation
lease will remain indefinitely, although the status may alternate between active and
inactive.
Reserved (inactive)
A lease for an address reservation is currently inactive for the given client. A reservation
lease will remain indefinitely, although the status may alternate between active and
inactive.
Reserved (unavail)
A lease for an address reservation was offered to a client, but that client actively
declined to use the IP address. Typically this is because the client determined that
another host on the same subnetwork is already using that IP address. Upon receiving
the client's decline message, the DHCP server will mark the address as unavailable. The
lease will remain in this state for 4 hours, after which it is reverts to the Reserved
(inactive) status.
Offered (pre-lease)
A lease has been offered to the given client, but that client has not yet requested that the
lease be acknowledged. It may be that the client also received an offer from another
DHCP server, in which case this offer will expire in approximately 2 minutes. If the
client requests this lease before that 2 minute interval elapses, this lease will change
status to Assigned. If the 2 minute interval expires, the offer record is deleted and the
associated IP address is returned immediately to the available address pool.
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Released
A lease was previously assigned to the given client, but that client has proactively
released it. A lease in this state will remain for a 1 hour grace period, after which it is
deleted. If the same client requests an IP address before the lease is deleted, it will be
given the same IP address previously served to it.
Unavailable Address
A lease was offered to a client, but that client actively declined to use the IP address.
Typically this is because the client determined that another host on the same subnetwork
is already using that IP address. Upon receiving the client's decline message, the DHCP
server will mark the address as unavailable. The lease will remain in this state for a 4
hour grace period, after which it is deleted. This status may also occur if the DHCP
server determines that the IP address is in use before it offers the address to a client (see
the DHCP server setting Check that an IP address is not in use before offering it).
Manage Mesh networks
Digi provides several avenues for managing Mesh networks and the ZigBee devices in the
Mesh Network:
From a ConnectPort X device’s web interface. This section focuses on this
interface.
From a ConnectPort X device’s command-line interface. See"Commands for
managing Mesh networks and nodes" on page 202.
From Connectware Manager’s Mesh Networks view. See "Monitor/manage
Mesh networks from Connectware Manager" on page 207.
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Monitoring capabilities in the web interface
Manage Mesh networks from the web interface
To display information about Mesh networks and devices within them, select
Administration > System Information > Mesh Network. The Mesh Network page is
displayed.
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Gateway device details
This part of the display shows information about the ConnectPort X gateway and its role
as a gateway device in the Mesh network. It shows the current PAN ID, Channel, and
address in use for the Mesh network.
Network view of the Mesh devices
This part of the display shows the ConnectPort X gateway and any devices that have
joined the Mesh network.
Click the Discover Mesh Devices button to refresh the list of devices that have joined the
mesh network. (The discovery operation may take a few seconds.) Click on a device's
table entry to view more detailed information of the state of that device.
Python Application ZigBee Socket Counters
This section includes data counters that are specific to ZigBee Sockets implemented using
a Python application.
Frames Sent
The total number of transmitted frames.
Frames Received
The total number of received frames.
Bytes Sent
The total number of bytes sent.
Bytes Received
The total number of bytes received.
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Monitoring capabilities in the web interface
Python Application ZigBee Socket Error Counts
This section includes error counters that are specific to ZigBee Sockets implemented
using a Python application. These values will help determine the quality of data that is
being sent or received. Refer to the Troubleshooting information in your User Guide for
further help.
Transmit I/O Errors
The total number of transmitted frames which could not be transmitted due to an I/
O error.
Transmit CCA Failures
The total number of transmitted frames which could not be transmitted due to a CCA
error.
Transmit ACK Failures
The total number of transmitted frames which could not be transmitted due to an
ACK error.
Not Joined Errors
The total number of transmitted frames which were attempted to be transmitted to
an unjoined node.
Self Addressed Errors
The total number of transmitted frames for which a node attempted to transmit to
itself.
No Address Errors
The total number of transmitted frames for which the destination address could not
be found.
No Route Errors
The total number of transmitted frames for which a router to the destination could
not be found.
Receive Frame Errors
The total number of frames where an error occurred on receive.
Received Bytes Dropped
The total number of bytes dropped due to an exhaustion of internal buffers.
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Mesh device state pages
Clicking a device in the Network View of the Mesh Devices displays the
Mesh Device State page for the selected Mesh device. This page is used to view more
detailed Mesh information on the state of the Mesh node. The parameters displayed vary
based on the capabilities supported by the Mesh node's radio module. Here is an example
Mesh Device State page for the XBee radio module in a ConnectPort X gateway device:
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Monitoring capabilities from the command line
Monitoring capabilities from the command line
There are several commands for monitoring Digi devices and managing their connections.
For complete descriptions of these commands, see the Digi Connect Family Command
Reference.
Commands for displaying device information and statistics
display
The display command displays real-time information about a device, such as:
General product information, including the product name, MAC address, boot,
post, and firmware versions, memory usage, utilization, and uptime, or the
amount of time since the device was booted (display device).
Active interfaces on the system, for example, the web interface, command line
interface, Point to Point Protocol (PPP), and Ethernet interface, and their status,
such as “Closed” or “Connected.” (display netdevice).
Memory usage information (display memory).
Serial modem signals. (display serial).
Mobile connection information and statistics (display mobile).
Network Address Translation (NAT) information (display nat).
General status of the sockets resource (display sockets).
Active TCP sessions and active TCP listeners (display tcp).
Current UDP listeners (display udp).
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) information, including results of Link Integrity
Monitoring tests by Digi SureLink “display pppstats”).
Provisioning information currently in the Digi device device’s CDMA module
(display provisioning)
Uptime information (display uptime).
Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection information (display vpn).
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info
The info command displays statistical information about a device over time. The statistics
displayed are those gathered since the tables containing the statistics were last cleared.
The info command keywords displays the following types of statistics:
Device statistics. info device displays such details as product, MAC address,
boot, POST, and firmware versions, memory usage, utilization, and uptime.
Ethernet statistics. info ethernet displays statistics regarding the Ethernet
interface, including the number of bytes and packets sent and received, the
number of incoming and outgoing bytes that were discarded or that contained
errors, the number of Rx overruns, the number of times the transmitter has been
reset, and the number of incoming bytes when the protocol was unknown.
ICMP statistics. info icmp displays the number of messages, bad messages,
and destination unreachable messages received.
Serial statistics. info serial displays the number of bytes received and
transmitted, signal changes, FIFO and buffer overruns, framing and parity
errors, and breaks detected.
TCP statistics. info tcp displays the number of segments received or sent, the
number of active and passive opens, the number of bad segments received, the
number of failed connection attempts, the number of segments retransmitted,
and the number of established connections that have been reset.
UDP statistics. info udp displays the number of datagrams received or sent,
bad datagrams received, and the number of received datagrams that were
discarded because the specified port was invalid.
To display mobile statistics, use display mobile instead of info.
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Monitoring capabilities from the command line
set alarm
The set alarm command displays current alarm settings, including the conditions which
trigger alarms, and how the alarms are sent, either as an email message, an SNMP trap, or
both. The alarms can be reconfigured as needed.
set buffer and display buffers
These commands can be used to display port-buffering-related information. set buffer
configures buffering parameters on a port and displays the current port buffer
configuration. display buffers displays the contents of a port buffer, or transfers the portbuffer contents to a server running Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
set snmp
Configures SNMP, including SNMP traps, such as authentication failure, cold start, link
up, and login traps, and displays current SNMP settings.
show
Displays current settings in a device.
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Commands for managing connections and sessions
close: Closes active sessions that were opened by connect, rlogin, and telnet
commands.
connect: Makes a connection, or establishes a connection, with a serial port.
dhcp: Manages DHCP server operation.
exit and quit: These commands terminate a currently active session.
vpn: Manages Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections.
who and kill: The who command displays a global list of connections. The list
of connections includes those associated with a serial port or the command-line
interface. who is particularly useful in conjunction with the kill command,
which terminates active connections. Use who to determine any connections
that are no longer needed, and end the connections by issuing a kill command.
mode: Changes or displays the operating options for a current Telnet session.
ping: Tests whether a host or other device is active and reachable.
reconnect: Reestablishes a previously established connection; that is, a
connection opened by a connect, rlogin, or telnet command; the default
operation is to reconnect to the last active session.
rlogin: Performs a login to a remote system.
send: Sends a Telnet control command, such as break, abort output, are you
there, escape, or interrupt process, to the last active Telnet session.
status: Displays a list of sessions, or outgoing connections made by connect,
rlogin, or telnet commands for a device. Typically, the status command is used
to determine which of the current sessions to close.
telnet: Makes an outgoing Telnet connection, also known as a session.
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Monitoring capabilities from the command line
Commands for managing Mesh networks and nodes
Several commands are used to configure Mesh networks and display information and
statistics about the devices in the Mesh network: set mesh, display mesh, and info
zigbee_sockets.
set mesh
The set mesh command configures Mesh network settings for a ConnectPort X gateway.
Also displays current configuration parameters on the gateway Mesh node or of remote
nodes in the mesh (specified by the address option).
Configure Mesh network settings: command syntax
set mesh [options...] [device_settings...]
options:
state={off|on}
{Enable mesh gateway}
address=device address
{Specify device to set}
device_settings:
202
pan_id=0x0-0x3fff
{PAN identifier}
dest_addr=address
{Destination address}
delay_slots=0-3
{Random delay slots}
broadcast_hops=0-10
{Broadcast radius}
scan_channels=0x1-0xffff
{Scan channels, bitfield}
scan_duration=0-7
{Scan duration, exponent}
join_time=0-255
{Node join time, sec}
join_notification=0-2
{Join notification}
node_id=0-20 chars
{Node identifier}
discover_timeout=0-252
{Node discovery timeout, x 100 msec}
aggregation=0-255
{Aggregation route notification, x 10 sec}
power_level=0-4
{Transmit power level}
power_mode=0-1
{Power mode}
cca_threshold=36-80
{CCA threshold, -dBm}
sleep_period=32-2800
{Cyclic sleep period, x 10 msec}
device_type=0x0-0xffff
{Device type identifier}
serial_rate=0-115200
{Serial interface data rate}
serial_parity=0-4
{Serial interface parity}
Monitor and manage Digi devices
packet_timeout=0-255
{Packetization timeout, chars}
dio0_config=0-5
{AD0/DIO0 configuration}
dio1_config=0-5
{AD1/DIO1 configuration}
dio2_config=0-5
{AD2/DIO2 configuration}
dio3_config=0-5
{AD3/DIO3 configuration}
dio4_config=0-5
{DIO4 configuration}
dio5_config=0-5
{DIO5 configuration}
dio6_config=0-1
{DIO6 configuration}
dio7_config=0-7
{DIO7 configuration}
pwm0_config=0-5
{PWM0 configuration}
dio11_config=0-5
{DIO11 configuration}
dio12_config=0-5
{DIO12 configuration}
rssi_timer=0-255
{RSSI PWM timer, x 100 msec}
pullup_enable=0x0-0x1fff {Pull-up resistor enable, bitfield}
sleep_mode=0-5
{Sleep mode}
sleep_time=0-65535
{Time before sleep, msec}
sleep_count=0-65535
{Peripheral sleep count}
command_timeout=2-655
{Command mode timeout, x 100 msec}
guard_times=2-3300
{Guard times, msec}
command_char=char
{Command sequence character}
Display Mesh network configuration settings: command syntax
To display the current configuration settings for a Mesh network device, use the set mesh
command. Command syntax is:
set mesh [addr=address]
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display mesh
The display mesh command refreshes the display of Mesh network devices, and displays
specific information about Mesh network devices.
Command syntax is:
display mesh [options...]
options:
refresh
{Discover network devices}
address=device address
{Specify device to display}
For example, here are two display mesh commands. The first one displays the Mesh
network device list. The second displays information about one of the routers in the list.
#> display mesh
Mesh network device list
PAN ID:
0x007a
Channel:
18
Gateway address:
00:0d:6f:00:00:06:89:37!
Device address
Node Parent Manufacturer Profile Label
------------------------ ---- ------ ------------ ------- ----COORDINATOR
00:0d:6f:00:00:06:89:37! 0000 fffe
101e
c105
101e
c105
Coordinator
ROUTERS
00:0d:6f:00:00:06:89:31! 8e3e fffe
00:0d:6f:00:00:0c:c9:7a! 93b1 fffe
101e c105
XBEE-RS485
00:13:a2:00:40:0a:09:35! fe0a fffe
101e
c105
END NODES
To display device details:
display mesh address=(device address)
204
XBEE-RTR-PWRCTL-R
XBEE-RTR-PWRCTL-L
Monitor and manage Digi devices
#> display mesh address=00:0d:6f:00:00:06:89:31!
Status of device: 00:0d:6f:00:00:06:89:31!
channel
: 18
net_addr
: 0x8e3e
association
: 0x0
firmware_version : 0x1220
hardware_version : 0x1901
supply_voltage
: 3289 (mvolts)
info zigbee_sockets
The info zigbee_sockets command displays statistics from the ConnectPort X gateway’s
perspective of what is happening on the ZigBee network. This is essentially data from the
MaxStream module’s perspective as interpreted by the ZigBee driver in the gateway.
Command syntax is:
info zigbee_sockets
205
Monitoring capabilities from Connectware Manager
Monitoring capabilities from Connectware Manager
Digi devices can be monitored and managed from Connectware Manager. Examples of
activities from Connectware Manager include:
Displaying detailed state information and statistics about a device, such as
device up time, amount of used and free memory, network settings, Mesh
network overview and detailed information on network nodes
Mobile settings
Monitoring the state of the device’s connection and see a connection report and
connection history statistics.
Redirecting devices to a to a different destination
Disconnecting devices
Removing devices from the network.
See the Digi Connectware Manager Operator’s Guide’s chapters on managing devices
and monitoring device statistics and status.
206
Monitor and manage Digi devices
Monitor/manage Mesh networks from Connectware Manager
Digi’s Connectware Manager provides remote network management of all connected
hardware, including devices on the ZigBee network. In contrast to the one-user-to-one
device model of other Digi device interfaces, Connectware Manager deploys a one-userto-many-devices interface model. From Connectware Manager, you can provision and
configure network hardware, track device performance, remotely set filters and alarms,
monitor connections, reboot devices and reset defaults, and remotely upgrade firmware.
ZigBee extensions to Connectware Manager make it a particularly attractive platform for
managing ZigBee devices behind the gateway. It displays all nodes on the ZigBee network
with the ability to query for node profiles, node descriptors, connected endpoints, radio
configuration settings radio statistics, bindings, and more.
Several views in Connectware Manager are used for viewing and configuring ZigBee
networks:
ZigBee Networks View
Node View
See "Configuring Mesh Networks and Nodes through Connectware Manager" on page
170 for examples of these views.
207
Monitoring Capabilities from SNMP
Monitoring Capabilities from SNMP
Device monitoring capabilities from SNMP include, among other things:
Network statistics, defined in RFC 1213, MIB-II
Port statistics, defined in RFCs 1316 and 1317
Device information, defined in Digi enterprise MIB DIGI-DEVICE-INFO.mib
For more information on the statistics available through the standard RFCs listed above,
refer to the RFCs available on the IETF web site (www.ietf.org). For enterprise MIBs,
refer to the description fields in the MIB text.
208
Administration tasks
Administration tasks
C
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4
This chapter discusses the administration tasks that need to be performed on Digi devices
periodically, such as file management, changing the password used for logging onto the
device, backing up and restoring device configurations, updating firmware and Boot/
POST code, restoring the device configuration to factory defaults, and rebooting the
device. As with device configuration and monitoring, it covers performing administrative
tasks through a variety of device interfaces.
It covers these main topics:
Administration from the web interface
Administration from the command-line interface
Administration from Connectware Manager
209
Administration from the web interface
Administration from the web interface
The Administration section of the web interface main menu provides the following
choices:
File Management: For uploading and managing files, such as custom web
pages, applet files, and initialization files. See "File management" on page 211.
Python Program File Management: For uploading custom programs in the
Python programming language to Digi devices and configuring the programs to
execute automatically at startup. See "Python® program management" on page
164.
X.509 Certificate/Key Management: For loading and managing X.509
certificates and public/private host key pairs that are public key
infrastructure (PKI) based security. See page 212.
Backup/Restore: For backing up or restoring a device’s configuration settings.
See "Backup/restore device configurations" on page 213.
Update Firmware: For updating firmware, including Boot and POST code.
See "Update firmware and Boot/POST Code" on page 214.
Factory Default Settings: For restoring a device to factory default settings.
See "Restore a device configuration to factory defaults" on page 215.
System Information: For displaying general system information for the device
and device statistics. See "Display system information" on page 217.
Reboot: For rebooting the device. See "Reboot the Digi device" on page 217.
These administrative tasks are organized elsewhere in the web interface:
Enable and disable network services. See "Network services settings" on page
82.
Enable password authentication for the Digi device. See "Configure Security
settings" on page 160.
210
Administration tasks
File management
The File Management page of the web interface uploads custom files to a Digi device,
such as the files for a custom applet, or a custom image file of your company logo.
Custom applets allow the flexibility to alter the interface either by adding a different
company logo, changing colors, or moving information to different locations. If custom
applets or the sample Java applet is not used, using this feature is not necessary.
Uploading Files
To upload files to a Digi device, enter the file path and name for the file, or click Browse
to locate and select the file, and click Upload.
Delete files
To delete files from a Digi device, select the file from the list under Manage Files and
click Delete.
Custom files are not deleted by device reset
Any files uploaded to the file system of a Digi devicefrom the File Management page are
not deleted by restoring the device configuration to factory defaults, or by pressing the
Reset button on the device (see "Restore a device configuration to factory defaults" on
page 215). This deletion is prevented so that customers with custom applets and custom
factory defaults can retain them on the device and not have them deleted by a reset. Such
files can only be deleted by the Delete operation, described above.
211
Administration from the web interface
X.509 Certificate/Key Management
The X.509 Certificate/Key Management pages are for loading and managing X.509
certificates and public/private host key pairs that are public key infrastructure (PKI) based
security. There are several pages for managing several certificate databases:
The Certificate Authority (CA) database is used to load certificate
authority digital certificates. A certificate authority (CA) is a trusted
third party which issues digital certificates for use by other parties.
Digital certificates issued by the CA contain a public key. The
certificate also contains information about the individual or
organization to which the public key belongs. A CA verifies digital
certificate applicants' credentials. The CA certificate allows
verification of digital certificates, and the information contained
therein, issued by that CA.
The Certificate Revocation List (CRL) database is used to load
certificate revocation lists for loaded CAs. A certificate revocation
list (CRL) is a file that contains the serial numbers of digital
certificates issued by a CA which have been revoked, and should no
longer be trusted. Like CAs, CRLs are a vital part of a public key
infrastructure (PKI). The digital certifiicate of the corresponding CA
must be installed before the CRL can be loaded.
The Virtual Private Networking (VPN) Identities database is used
to load host certificates and keys. Identity certificates and keys keys
allow for IPSec authentication and secure key exchange with
ISAKMP/IKE using RSA or DSA signatures. The VPN identity
certificate must be issued by a CA trusted by the peer.
The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security
(TLS) databases are used to load host certificates and keys, as well
as peer certificates and revocations.
The Secure Shell (SSHv2) Hostkeys database is used to load host
private keys. SSHv2 host keys are used for authentication with
SSHv2 clients and secure key exchange. A default 1024-bit DSA key
is generated automatically if none exists when the device boots.
212
Administration tasks
Backup/restore device configurations
Once a Digi device is configured, backing up the configuration settings is recommended
in case problems occur later, firmware is upgraded, or hardware is added. If multiple
devices need to be configured, the backup/restore feature can be used as a convenience,
where the first device’s configuration settings is backed u to a file, then the file is loaded
onto the other devices.
This procedure shows how to back up or restore the configuration to a server and
download a configuration from a server to a file or TFTP.
If using TFTP, ensure that the TFTP program is running on a server.
In the web interface:
1
From the Main menu, click Administration > Backup/Restore. The Backup/
Restore page is displayed.
2
Choose the appropriate option (Backup or Restore) and select the file.
213
Administration from the web interface
Update firmware and Boot/POST Code
The firmware and/or boot/POST code for a Digi device can be updated from a file on a PC
or through TFTP.The recommended method is to download the firmware to a local hard
drive. TFTP is supported for those using UNIX systems. Both the firmware and the boot/
POST code are updated using the same set of steps. The Digi device automatically
determines the type of image being uploaded. Before uploading the firmware or the boot/
POST code, it is very important to read the Release Notes supplied with the firmware to
check if the boot/POST code must be updated before updating the firmware.
Prerequisites
These procedures assume that:
A firmware file has already been downloaded the firmware file from the Digi
web site.
If using TFTP, that TFTP is running.
Update firmware from a file on a PC
1
From the Main menu, click Administration > Update Firmware. The Update
Firmware page is displayed.
2
Enter the name of the firmware or POST file in the Select Firmware edit box, or
click Browse to locate and select the firmware or POST file.
3
Click Update.
Important: DO NOT close the browser until the update is complete and a
reboot prompt has been displayed.
Update Firmware from a TFTP Server
Updating firmware from a TFTP server is done from the command-line interface using the
boot command. It cannot be done from the web interface. For details, see "Administration
from the command-line interface" on page 218.
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Administration tasks
Restore a device configuration to factory defaults
Restoring a Digi device to its factory default settings clears all current configuration
settings except the IP address settings and host key settings. In addition, any files that
were loaded into the device through the File Management page such as custom-interface
files and applet files are retained. See "File management" on page 211 for information on
loading and deleting files.
There are two ways to reset the device configuration of a Digi device to the factory default
settings: from the web interface and using the reset button on the Digi device.
Settings cleared and retained during factory reset
The Restore Factory Defaults operation clears all current settings except the IP address
settings and host key settings. This is the best way to reset the configuration, because the
settings can also be backed up using the Backup/Restore operation, which provides a
means for restoring it after the configuration issues have been resolved.
Using the web interface
1
Make a backup copy of the configuration using the Backup/Restore operation,
described on page 213.
2
From the Main menu, click Administration > Factory Default Settings. The
Factory Default Settings page is displayed.
3
Choose whether to keep the network settings for the device, such as the IP address,
and click Restore.
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Administration from the web interface
Using the Reset button
If the Digi device cannot be accessed from the web interface, the configuration can be
restored to factory defaults by using the Reset button.
1
Power off the Digi device by unplugging the power supply.
2
Press the Reset button gently (shown in the illustration below) with a nonconducive, small diameter tool (such as wood or plastic) with a blunt end (NOT
SHARP or the button could be damaged) to hold down the Reset button.
3
Power on the device while holding the rest switch down (about 20 -40 seconds.)
4
The status LED should blink in a 1-5-1 pattern.
5
Release the Reset button. The device should be at factory default settings.
WAN
RESET
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Administration tasks
Display system information
System information displays the model, MAC address, firmware version, boot version,
and POST version of the Digi device. It also displays memory available: total, used, and
free, and tracks CPU percent utilization and the uptime.
From the web interface menu, select Administration > System Information. Select
General, Serial or Network for the appropriate information. For descriptions of the
information displayed on these screens, see page 176.
Reboot the Digi device
Changes to some device settings require saving the changes and rebooting the Digi device.
To reboot a Digi device:
1
From the web interface menu, select Administration > Reboot.
2
On the Reboot page, click the Reboot button. Wait approximately 1 minute for the
reboot to complete.
Enable/disable access to network services
As needed, enable and disable access to various network services, such as ADDP,
RealPort, SNMP, and Telnet. For example, for performance and security reasons, it may
be desirable to disable access to all network services not necessary for running or
interfacing with the Digi device. In the web interface, enabling and disabling network
services is done on the Network Services settings page for a Digi device. See "Network
services settings" on page 82.
217
Administration from the command-line interface
Administration from the command-line interface
Administrative tasks for Digi devices can also be performed from the command line. Here
are several device-administration tasks and the commands used to perform them. See the
Digi Connect Family Command Reference for more complete command descriptions.
Administrative task
Command
Backup/restore a configuration from a
TFTP server on the network
backup
Update firmware
boot
Telnet to the Digi device's command line
interface using a telnet application or
hyperterm.
If security is enabled for the Digi device, a
login prompt is displayed. The default
username is “root” and the default password is
“dbps.” If these defaults do not work, contact
the system administrator who set up the
device.
Issue the command:
#> boot load=tftp-server-ip:filename
where tftp-server-ip is the IP address of the
TFTP server that contains the firmware, and
filename is the name of the file to upload.
218
Reset configuration to factory defaults
revert
or
boot action=factory
Display system information and statistics
info
Reboot the device
boot
Enable/disable network services
set service
Specifications and certifications
Specifications and
certifications
C
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5
This chapter provides hardware specifications, additional feature detail, and regulatory
statements and certifications for Digi devices.
Hardware specifications
Regulatory statements and certifications
219
Hardware specifications
Hardware specifications
ConnectPort X8 specifications
Specification
Environmental
Power requirements
Value
Ambient temperature
-30 to 60C (-22 to 140F)
Relative humidity
5 to 95% (non-condensing)
Storage and transport
temperature
-40 to 85C (-40 to 185F)
Altitude
3657.6 meters (12000 feet)
Serial Port Protection
(ESD)
Serial Port Protection (ESD): +15 kV
human body model
External
100-240V
Input frequency
50-60 Hz
Input current protection
1.0 A / 250 V(Time Lag) rated fuse
Integrated current limiting
protection provided
UL certified
Surge protection
Yes
4 kV burst (EFT) per EN61000-4-4
4 kV isolation input to output
2 kV surge per EN61000-4-5
Dimensions
220
Length
23.5 cm (9.3 in)
Width
26.9 cm (10.6 in)
Depth
4.2 cm (2.1 in)
Specifications and certifications
Regulatory information and certifications
Safety standards
The ConnectPort X8 gateway device complies with the standards cited in this section.
FCC Part 15 Class B
Radio Frequency Interface (RFI) (FCC 15.105)
The ConnectPort X8 gateway device has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for Class B digital devices pursuant to Part 15 Subpart B, of the FCC rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and
if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Labeling Requirements (FCC 15.19)
This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
If the FCC ID is not visible when installed inside another device, then the outside of the
device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the
221
Regulatory information and certifications
enclosed module FCC ID. This exterior label can use wording such as the following:
“Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: MCQ-50M1358/ IC: 1846A-50M1358”.
Modifications (FCC 15.21)
Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Digi may void the
user’s authority to operate this equipment.
Industry Canada
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from
digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian
Department of Communications.
Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites
applicables aux appareils numeriques de la class B prescrites dans le Reglement sur le
brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des Communications du Canada.
Declaration of Conformity
(In accordance with FCC Dockets 96-208 and 95-19)
Manufacturer’s Name:
Digi International
Corporate Headquarters:
11001 Bren Road East
Minnetonka MN 55343
Manufacturing Headquarters:
10000 West 76th Street
Eden Prairie MN 55344
Digi International declares, that the product:
Product Name:
ConnectPort X8
Model Numbers:
50001358-xx
to which this declaration relates, meets the requirements specified by the Federal
Communications Commission as detailed in the following specifications:
Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B equipment
FCC Docket 96-208 as it applies to Class B personal
222
Specifications and certifications
Personal computers and peripherals
The product listed above has been tested at an External Test Laboratory certified per FCC
rules and has been found to meet the FCC, Part 15, Class B, Emission Limits.
Documentation is on file and available from the Digi International Homologation
Department.
International EMC Standards
The ConnectPort X8 meets the following standards:
Standards
Emissions
ConnectPort X8
AS/NZS CISPR 22
VCCI
ICES-003
EN 55022
EN 55024
Immunity
FCC Part 15 Subpart B
IEC60950-1
Safety
UL60950-1
CSA C22.2 No.60950-1-03
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Important Safety Information
Important Safety Information
To avoid contact with electrical current:
Never install electrical wiring during an electrical storm.
Never install an Ethernet connection in wet locations unless that connector is
specifically designed for wet locations.
Use caution when installing or modifying Ethernet lines.
Use a screwdriver and other tools with insulated handles.
Wear safety glasses or goggles.
Do not place Ethernet wiring or connections in any conduit, outlet or junction
box containing electrical wiring.
Installation of inside wire may bring you close to electrical wire, conduit,
terminals and other electrical facilities. Extreme caution must be used to avoid
electrical shock from such facilities. Avoid contact with all such facilities.
Ethernet wiring must be at least 6 feet from bare power wiring or lightning rods
and associated wires, and at least 6 inches from other wire (antenna wires,
doorbell wires, wires from transformers to neon signs), steam or hot water
pipes, and heating ducts.
Do not place an Ethernet connection where it would allow a person to use an
Ethernet device while in a bathtub, shower, swimming pool, or similar
hazardous location.
Protectors and grounding wire placed by the service provider must not be
connected to, removed, or modified by the customer.
Do not touch uninsulated Ethernet wiring if lightning is likely!
External Wiring: Any external communications wiring installed needs to be
constructed to all relevant electrical codes. In the United States this is the
National Electrical Code Article 800. Contact a licensed electrician for details.
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Glossary
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
802.11
The IEEE standard for wireless Local Area Networks. It uses three different physical
layers, 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g.
access control list
See IP filtering.
ADDP
See Advanced Device Discovery Protocol.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
A protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine
address that is recognized in the local network.
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP)
A protocol that runs on any operating system capable of sending multicast IP packets
on a network. ADDP allows the system to identify all ADDP-enabled Digi devices
attached to a network by sending out a multicast packet. The Digi devices respond to
the multicast packet and identify themselves to the client sending the multicast.
alarms
In Digi Connect devices, alarms are used to send emails or issue SNMP traps when
certain device events occur. These events include certain data patterns being detected
in the data stream, and cellular alarms for signal strength and amount of cellular traffic
for a given period of time.
ARP
See Address Resolution Protocol.
autoconnection
A network connection initiated from a Digi device that is based on timing, serial
activity, or serial modem signals.
Auto-IP
A standard protocol that automatically assigns an IP address from a reserved pool of
standard Auto-IP addresses to the computer on which it is installed. The device is set to
obtain its IP address automatically from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
225
(DHCP) server. But if the DHCP server is unavailable or nonexistent, Auto-IP will
assign the device an IP. If DHCP is enabled or responds later or you use ADDP, both
will override the Auto-IP address previously assigned. Also referred to as Auto-IP.
CDMA
CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) protocols are used in wireless
communications. CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to
occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. The
technology is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the
800-MHz and 1.9-GHZ bands and through an analog-to digital conversion enhances
privacy and makes cloning difficult.
CLI
Command-line interface.
COM port redirection
The process of establishing a connection between the host and networked serial devices
by creating a local COM or TTY port on the host. See also RealPort.
configuration management
For Digi devices, configuration management involves managing the files and settings
that contain device configuration information. Configuration management tasks include
copying device configuration files to and from a remote host, upgrading device
firmware, and resetting the device configuration to factory defaults.
coordinator
In Mesh/ZigBee networks, a coordinator is node that has the unique function of forming
a network. The coordinator is responsible for establishing the operating channel and
PAN ID for an entire network. Once established, the coordinator can form a network by
allowing routers and end devices to join to it. Once the network is formed, the
coordinator functions like a router (it can participate in routing packets and be a source
or destination for data packets). Characteristics of coordinators include:
–
One Coordinator per PAN
–
Establishes/Organizes PAN
–
Can route data packets to/from other nodes
–
Can be a data packet source and destination
–
Mains-powered
In the web interface, a coordinator is also referred to as a gateway device.
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CTS
Clear to Send.
device server
A one- or two-port intelligent network device that converts serial data into network
data.
DHCP
See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
Digi Device Setup Wizard
A wizard for configuring Digi devices that is provided on the CD shipped with each
device. The Digi Device Setup Wizard is available in Microsoft Windows or UNIX
platforms. It assigns an IP address for the device, configures the device based on your
description of the device environment, and determines whether you need to install
RealPort. Using the Digi Device Setup Wizard is the recommended and preferred
method for configuration.
DSR
Data Set Ready.
DTR
Data Terminal Ready.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
An Internet protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP.
DHCP can be used to automatically assign IP addresses, to deliver TCP/IP stack
configuration parameters such as the subnet mask and default router, and to provide
other configuration information.
EIA
See Electronics Industry Association.
Electronics Industry Association (EIA) and Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA)
1) The Electronic Industries Association (EIA) comprises individual organizations that
together have agreed on certain data transmission standards such as EIA/TIA-232
(formerly known as RS-232).
2) The Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA) is an alliance of trade organizations that
lobby in the interest of companies engaged in the manufacture of electronics-related
products.
227
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
A routing protocol used to route (tunnel) various types of information between
networks. See also ESP Passthrough.
encryption
The conversion of data into a form, called a ciphertext, that cannot be easily understood
by unauthorized people. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back
into its original form, so it can be understood. Encryption/decryption is especially
important in wireless communications. This is because wireless circuits are easier to tap
than their hard-wired counterparts.
end device
In Mesh/ZigBee networks, end devices are network devices that have no routing
capacity. They must always interact with their parent node (router or coordinator) to
transmit or receive data. An end device can be a source or destination for data packets
but cannot route packets. End devices can be battery-powered and offer low-power
operation. Characteristics of end devices include:
–
Several end devices can operate in one PAN
–
Can be a data packet source and destination
–
All messages are relayed through a coordinator or router
–
Low power end devices are not supported in this release.
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
A faster version of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service, designed to
deliver data at rates up to 384 Kbps and enable the delivery of multimedia and other
broadband applications to mobile phone and computer users. The EDGE standard is
built on the existing GSM standard, using the same time-division multiple access
(TDMA) frame structure and existing cell arrangements.
ESP Passthrough
A method of carrying IP packets for a Virtual Private Network (VPN) setup. In ESP
Passthrough, inbound IPsec ESP protocol traffic is forwarded from to a VPN device
connected to the Digi device’s Ethernet port.
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, or 1xEV-DO)
A wireless radio broadband data standard adopted by many CDMA mobile phone
service providers. It is standardized by 3GPP2, as part of the CDMA2000 family of
standards. Compared to 1xRTT (CDMA2000 1x) networks, or GPRS and EDGE
networks, 1xEV-DO is significantly faster.
228
factory defaults
The default configuration values that are set in a device at the factory.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
A standard Internet protocol that specifies the simplest way to exchange files between
computers on the Internet.
FTP
See File Transfer Protocol.
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
A packet-based wireless communication service based on Global System for Mobile
(GSM) communication that transports data rates from 56 up to 114 Kbps and
continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users. Higher data
rates allow users more flexibility in the media they transmit.
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
A routing protocol used to route (tunnel) various types of information between
networks. See also GRE Passthrough.
GRE Passthrough
A method of carrying IP packets for a Virtual Private Network (VPN) setup. In GRE
Passthrough, inbound IPsec GRE protocol traffic is forwarded from to a VPN device
connected to the Digi device’s Ethernet port.
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)
A digital mobile telephone system that digitizes and compresses data, then sends it
down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates
at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.
GSM
See Global System for Mobile communication.
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
High Speed Downlink Packet Access. a packet-based data service with data
transmission up to 8-10 Mbit/s (and 20 Mbit/s for MIMO systems) over a 5MHz
bandwidth in W-CDMA downlink. HSDPA implementations includes Adaptive
Modulation and Coding (AMC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Hybrid
Automatic Request (HARQ), fast scheduling, fast cell search, and advanced receiver
design.
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HTTP
See HyperText Transfer Protocol.
HTTPS
See HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer.
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
An application protocol in the TCP/IP suite that defines the rules for transferring files
(text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide web
(WWW).
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS)
A secure message-oriented communications protocol designed for use in conjunction
with HTTP. HTTPS encrypts and decrypts user page requests as well as the pages that
are returned by the web server. HTTPS uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) as a
sublayer.
ICMP
See Internet Control Message Protocol.
IGMP
See Internet Group Management Protocol.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
A message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to
the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are
processed by the IP software and are not directly apparent to the application user.
230
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) provides a way for an Internet computer
to report its multicast group membership to adjacent routers. Multicasting allows one
computer on the Internet to send content to multiple other computers that have
identified themselves as interested in receiving the originating computer's content.
Multicasting can be used for such applications as updating the address books of mobile
computer users in the field, sending out company newsletters to a distribution list, and
“broadcasting” high-bandwidth programs of streaming media to an audience that has
“tuned in” by setting up a multicast group membership.
IP filtering
A network configuration that can be enabled to establish rules allowing devices to
permit or deny specific IP addresses, networks, or devices from connection access. Also
known as access control list.
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)
A framework for a set of protocols for security at the network or packet processing layer
of network communication. Earlier security approaches have inserted security at the
application layer of the communications model. IPsec is said to be especially useful for
implementing virtual private networks and for remote user access through dial-up
connection to private networks. An advantage of IPsec is that security arrangements can
be handled without requiring changes to individual user computers.
IPsec provides two choices of security service: Authentication Header (AH), which
essentially allows authentication of the sender of data, and Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP), which supports both authentication of the sender and encryption of data
as well. The specific information associated with each of these services is inserted into
the packet in a header that follows the IP packet header. Separate key protocols can be
selected, such as the ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
231
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)
A protocol that defines procedures and packet formats to establish, negotiate, modify
and delete Security Associations (SAs). SAs contain all the information required for
execution of various network security services, such as the IP layer services (such as
header authentication and payload encapsulation), transport or application layer
services, or self-protection of negotiation traffic. ISAKMP defines payloads for
exchanging key generation and authentication data. These formats provide a consistent
framework for transferring key and authentication data which is independent of the key
generation technique, encryption algorithm and authentication mechanism.
ISAKMP is distinct from key exchange protocols in order to cleanly separate the details
of security association management (and key management) from the details of key
exchange. There may be many different key exchange protocols, each with different
security properties. However, a common framework is required for agreeing to the
format of SA attributes, and for negotiating, modifying, and deleting SAs. ISAKMP
serves as this common framework.
joining
In Mesh/ZigBee networks, joining is the process of a node becoming part of a ZigBee
PAN. A node becomes part of a network by joining to a coordinator or a router (that has
previously joined to the network). During the process of joining, the node that allowed
joining (the parent) assigns a 16-bit address to the joining node (the child).
MAC address
A unique network identifier. All network devices are required to have their own unique
MAC address. The MAC address is on a sticker on your Digi device server. The number
is displayed as 12 hexadecimal digits, usually starting with 00:40:9D.
Management Information Base (MIB)
A formal description of a set of network objects that can be managed using the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
MIB
See Management Information Base.
Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard
A wizard for provisioning Digi Cellular Family products. Provisioning configures the
Digi Cellular Family device with the required configuration used to access the mobile
network.
232
modem emulation
A serial port configuration where the port acts as a modem. The Digi device emulates
modem responses to a serial device and seamlessly sends and receives data over an
Ethernet network instead of a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The
advantage for a user is the ability to retain legacy software applications without
modification and use a less expensive Ethernet network in place of public telephone
lines. Also known as pseudo-modem or pmodem.
NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address
(IP address) used within one network to a different IP address known within another
network through a NAT table that does the global-to-local and local-to-global IP
address mapping. This increases security since each outgoing or incoming request must
go through a translation process that also authenticates the request or matches it to a
previous request. NAT can be statically defined or it can be set up to dynamically
translate from and to a pool of IP addresses. NAT also conserves on the number of
global IP addresses needed and it uses a single IP address in its communication with the
world.
Personal Area Network (PAN)
In Mesh/ZigBee networks, a PAN is a data communication network that includes a
Coordinator and one or more routers/end devices. Network formation is governed by
Network Maximum Depth, Maximum Child Routers and Maximum Children End
Devices.
port forwarding
A serial port configuration that sends data directly to a specific port instead of the path
determined by the router based on traffic.
POST
See Power-On Self Test.
Power-On Self Test (POST)
When power is turned on, POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing
sequence that a computer's basic input/output system (or “starting program”) runs to
determine if the computer keyboard, random access memory, disk drives, and other
hardware are working correctly.
If the necessary hardware is detected and found to be operating properly, the computer
begins to boot. If the hardware is not detected or is found not to be operating properly,
233
the BIOS issues an error message which may be text on the display screen and/or a
series of coded beeps, depending on the nature of the problem.
provisioning
The process of configuring a mobile (cellular) device with the required configuration
used to access the mobile network.
RealPort
RealPort is patented Digi software for COM port redirection. RealPort makes it possible
to establish a connection between the host and networked serial devices by creating a
local COM or TTY port on the host. The COM/TTY port appears and behaves as
a local port to the PC or server. This process of COM port redirection allows
existing software applications like DNP3 and Modbus to work without modification.
Unlike other COM port redirectors, RealPort offers full hardware and software flow
control, as well as tunable latency and throughput. These features ensure optimum
performance, since data transfer is adjusted according to specific application
requirements.
remote login (rlogin)
A remote login to a Digi device’s command-line interface (CLI). rlogin is a Unix
command that allows an authorized user to login to other UNIX machines (hosts) on a
network and to interact as if the user were physically at the host computer. Once logged
in to the host, the user can do anything that the host has given permission for, such as
read, edit, or delete files.
remote shell (rsh)
A Berkeley Unix networking command to execute a given command on a remote host,
passing it input and receiving its output. Rsh communicates with a daemon on the
remote host.
rlogin
See remote login.
router
In Mesh/ZigBee networks, a router is a node that creates/maintains network information
and uses this information to determine the best route for a data packet. A router must
join a network before it can allow other routers and end devices to join to it. A router
can participate in routing packets and is intended to be a mains-powered node.
Characteristics of routers include:
–
234
Several routers can operate in one PAN
–
Routers can route data packets to/from other nodes
–
Can be a data packet source and destination
–
Are mains-powered
RSH
See remote shell.
RSSI
Relative Signal Strength Indicator.
RTS
Ready to Send.
RXD
Receiving Data.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A commonly-used protocol for managing the security of a message transmission on the
Internet. SSL has recently been succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is
based on SSL.
serial bridge
A connection between two serial devices over a network that acts as if they were
connected over a serial cable. Also known as serial tunneling.
serial tunneling
See serial bridge.
Setup Wizard
See Digi Device Setup Wizard.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
A TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-mail. Since it is limited in its ability
to queue messages at the receiving end, it is usually used with one of two other
protocols, POP3 or IMAP, that let the user save messages in a server mailbox and
download them periodically from the server. SMTP usually is implemented to operate
over Internet port 25. An alternative to SMTP that is widely used in Europe is X.400.
Many mail servers now support Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP),
which allows multimedia files to be delivered as e-mail.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A protocol for managing and monitoring network devices. The SNMP architecture
235
enables a network administrator to manage nodes--servers, workstations, routers,
switches, hubs, etc.--on an IP network; manage network performance, find and solve
network problems, and plan for network growth. Digi devices support SNMP Version
1.
SNMP
See Simple Network Management Protocol.
SMTP
See Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
SSL
See Secure Sockets Layer.
static IP address assignment
The process of assigning a specific IP address to a device. Contrast with assigning a
device through Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Automatic Private IP
Addressing (APIPA or Auto-IP).
TCP
See Transmission Control Protocol.
Telnet
A user command and an underlying TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers.
On the web, HTTP and FTP protocols allow you to request specific files from remote
computers, but not to actually be logged on as a user of that computer. With Telnet, you
log on as a regular user with whatever privileges you may have been granted to the
specific application and data on that computer.
TFTP
See Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
TLS
See Transport Layer Security.
236
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A set of rules used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of
message units between computers over the Internet. While IP handles the actual
delivery of the data, TCP handles keeping track of the individual units of data (called
packets) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.
For example, when an HTML file is sent to you from a web server, the TCP program
layer in that server divides the file into one or more packets, numbers the packets, and
then forwards them individually to the IP program layer. Although each packet has the
same destination IP address, it may get routed differently through the network. At the
other end (the client program in your computer), TCP reassembles the individual
packets and waits until they have arrived to forward them to you as a single file.
TCP is known as a connection-oriented protocol, which means that a connection is
established and maintained until such time as the message or messages to be exchanged
by the application programs at each end have been exchanged. TCP is responsible for
ensuring that a message is divided into the packets that IP manages and for
reassembling the packets back into the complete message at the other end. In the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, TCP is in layer 4, the Transport
Layer.
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
A protocol that ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on
the Internet. When a server and client communicate, TLS ensures that no third party
may eavesdrop or tamper with any message. TLS is the successor to the Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL).
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
An Internet software utility for transferring files that is simpler to use than the File
Transfer Protocol (FTP) but less capable. It is used where user authentication and
directory visibility are not required. TFTP uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
rather than the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TFTP is described formally in
Request for Comments (RFC) 1350.
TTY port redirection
The process of establishing a connection between the host and networked serial devices
by creating a local TTY port on the host. The TTY port appears and behaves as a
local port to the PC or server.
See also RealPort.
237
TXD
Transmit eXchange Data.
UDP
See User Datagram Protocol.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS)
A third-generation (3G) broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice,
video, and multimedia at data rates up to 2 megabits per second (Mbps) that offers a
consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no matter where they are
located in the world. Based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication
standard, UMTS, endorsed by major standards bodies and manufacturers, is the planned
standard for mobile users around the world and is at present still being made available.
Once UMTS is fully available geographically, computer and phone users can be
constantly attached to the Internet as they travel and, as they roam, have the same set of
capabilities no matter where they travel to. Users will have access through a
combination of terrestrial wireless and satellite transmissions. Until UMTS is fully
implemented, users can have multi-mode devices that switch to the currently available
technology (such as GSM 900 and 1800) where UMTS is not yet available.
Today's cellular telephone systems are mainly circuit-switched, with connections
always dependent on circuit availability. A packet-switched connection, using the
Internet Protocol (IP), means that a virtual connection is always available to any other
end point in the network. It will also make it possible to provide new services, such as
alternative billing methods (pay-per-bit, pay-per-session, flat rate, asymmetric
bandwidth, and others). The higher bandwidth of UMTS also promises new services,
such as video conferencing. UMTS promises to realize the Virtual Home Environment
(VHE) in which a roaming user can have the same services to which the user is
accustomed when at home or in the office, through a combination of transparent
terrestrial and satellite connections.
The electromagnetic radiation spectrum for UMTS has been identified as frequency
bands 1885-2025 MHz for future IMT-2000 systems, and 1980-2010 MHz and 21702200 MHz for the satellite portion of UMTS systems.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A communications protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are
exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP). UDP is
an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and, together with IP, is
238
sometimes referred to as UDP/IP. Like the Transmission Control Protocol, UDP uses
the Internet Protocol to actually get a data unit (called a datagram) from one computer
to another. Unlike TCP, however, UDP does not provide the service of dividing a
message into packets (datagrams) and reassembling it at the other end. Specifically,
UDP does not provide sequencing of the packets in which the data arrives, nor does it
guarantee delivery of data. This means that the application program that uses UDP must
be able to make sure that the entire message has arrived and is in the right order.
Network applications that want to save processing time because they have very small
data units to exchange (and therefore very little message reassembling to do) may prefer
UDP to TCP. The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) uses UDP instead of TCP.
UDP provides two services not provided by the IP layer. It provides port numbers to
help distinguish different user requests and, optionally, a checksum capability to verify
that the data arrived intact.
In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, UDP, like TCP, is
in layer 4, the Transport Layer.
web interface
The web-based interface for configuring, monitoring, and administering Digi devices.
ZigBee
A specification for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) operating at 868 MHz,
902-928 MHz, and 2.4 GHz. A WPAN is a personal area network (a network for
interconnecting an individual's devices) in which the device connections are wireless.
Using ZigBee, devices in a WPAN can communicate at speeds of up to 250 Kbps while
physically separated by distances of up to 50 meters in typical circumstances and
greater distances in an ideal environment. ZigBee is based on the 802.15 specification
approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association
(IEEE-SA).
ZigBee provides for high data throughput in applications where the duty cycle is low.
This makes ZigBee ideal for home, business, and industrial automation where control
devices and sensors are commonly used. Such devices operate at low power levels, and
this, in conjunction with their low duty cycle (typically 0.1 percent or less), translates
into long battery life. Applications well suited to ZigBee include heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting systems, intrusion detection, fire sensing, and
the detection and notification of unusual occurrences. ZigBee is compatible with most
topologies including peer-to-peer, star network, and mesh networks, and can handle up
239
to 255 devices in a single WPAN.
240
Index
Index
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1
100% CPU utilization 177
A
Access Control Lists (ACL) 163
access permissions for commands 161
Active Opens 182
ADDP
See Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol
address requirements for VPN 101
administration
from command line 218
from web interface 210
administrative user 161
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol (ADDP)
caution on disabling 82
changing password for 162
default port number 84
description 84
enabling and disabling access to 84
feature description 34
alarms
based on cellular data 151
based on serial data pattern matching 151
based on signal strength 151
configuring 149, 167
number supported per device 150
set alarm command 200
Antireplay 106
ARP
See Address Resolution Protocol
Attempt Fails 182
authentication
configuration settings for 160
failure traps 33, 154
for VPN Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
negotiations 107
for VPN manual-keyed tunnels 114
Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA) 65
autoconnection
configuring 144, 167
enabling through TCP Sockets port
profile 139
Auto-IP 32, 39, 65, 76, 118
automatic provisioning 122
B
backup command 218
backup/restore configurations
from command line 218
from web interface 213
Bad Datagrams Received 183
Bad Messages Received 183
Bad Segments Received 182
baud rate 142
boot command 218
boot version
displaying current 177
updating 214
Breaks 180
C
camera settings 147
CDMA
See Code-Division Multiple Access
Cell ID 184
cellular products
configuring 119
information for mobile module 186
mobile connection settings 125
mobile service provider settings 120
provisioning 121
See also mobile settings
setting alarms for amount of cellular
traffic 41, 149
setting alarms for signal strength 41, 149
status and statistics 129, 184
241
Index
cellular traffic 41, 149
certifications 221
client-initiated connections 155
close command 201
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
carrier requirements for VPN 101
description 36
mobile service providers 119
cold start traps 33, 154
COM port redirection 138, 142
command-line interface
accessing 166
administering devices from 218
as a device configuration interface 55, 166
configuring devices from 166
monitoring devices from 198
overview 55
verifying which commands are
supported 166
configuration interfaces 48
configuring Digi devices 63
connect command 201
connection management
from command line 201
from web interface 189
ConnectPort Display
hardware installation 63
ConnectPort specifications 220
ConnectPort WAN VPN
configuring VPN settings 99
ConnectPort X8
camera settings 147
Connectware Manager
alarm forwarding to 41, 149
client- and server-initiated connections 155
configuring connections to 154
configuring devices from 48, 56
connection method 159
HTTP over Proxy settings 159
idle timeout 158
IP addresses 66
242
keep-alive settings 158
Last Known Address (LKA) 156
monitoring devices from 61, 206
Console Management port profile 138
contact information for a device 153
CPU utilization 177
CTS 179
Custom port profile 146
customization
of serial-port settings (Custom port
profile) 142
of user interfaces 43
overview 43
D
data bits 142
Data Received 185
Data Sent 185
Datagrams Forwarded 182
Datagrams Received 182, 183
Datagrams Sent 183
DCD 145, 179
DDNS (Dynamic DNS) service 87
default settings for Digi devices
See factory defaults
default static IP address for Ethernet port 64
Default Time-To-Live 182
default username and password for Digi
devices 69
deleting files from file system 211
destination IP address for SNMP traps 154
Destination Unreachable Messages
Received 183
device description 153
device information
from command line (info device
command) 199
in SNMP 208
in web interface 153
device location 153
device name 153
Index
DHCP
See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
dhcp command 201
Diffie-Hellman
groups 106
protocol description 106
Digi Connect WAN VPN
configuring VPN settings 99
Digi Device Setup Wizard
configuring IP address with 64
overview 49
Digi SureLink
See SureLink
display command 198
display mobile command 167
display provisioning command 168
displaying system information
from command line 218
from web interface 217
DNS
DNS Lookup Test 126, 128, 187
Dynamic DNS Update Settings 87
DSR 143, 145, 179
DTR 179
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) Update Settings 87
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Address Pool 77
as an IP address assignment alternative 39
changing an IP address with 64, 65
description 32
Exclusion Range 77
Grace Period 78
Lease 78
lease management 191
Lease Status values 192
managing DHCP server 190
Options for DHCP client configuration 78
overview 32
Reservation 78
scope 77
server configuration settings 79
terminology 77
E
email messages for alarms 149, 151, 152
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
definition 35
passthrough 35
use in port forwarding 92
Encrypted RealPort 40, 84
encryption
for Cellular Family products 42
for Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
negotiations 107
for VPN tunnels 113
key generation and 100% CPU
utilization 177
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
(EDGE) 37
environmental specifications 220
ESP
See Encapsulating Security Payload
Established Resets 183
Ethernet
configuring parameters (set ethernet) 167
default IP address for Ethernet port 21, 48
duplex mode 118
for Digi Connect WAN VPN 100
speed 118
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO, EVDO, or
1xEV-DO) 38
F
factory defaults
custom files not deleted by device reset 211
for mobile (cellular) configuration
settings 120
restoring from command line 218
restoring from web interface 215
file management 211
firmware
updates from command line 218
viewing current version number 177
243
Index
firmware version
updating 214, 218
flow control 142, 179
Forwarding statistic 182
Framing Errors 180
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) 105
for web interface 69
IFC 179
IMSI 186
Industrial Automation (IA)
configuring from command line 167
info command 218
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 30,
34
G
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 37
General system information page 177
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
as a supported protocol for forwarding 92
definition 35
passthrough 35
Global System for Mobile communication
(GSM)
comparison with Code-Division Multiple
Access (CDMA) 119
GPRS/EDGE APN type needed for
VPN 101
mobile service providers 119
overview 36
GPRS
See General Packet Radio Service
GRE
See Generic Routing Encapsulation
GSM
See Global System for Mobile
communication
H
Hardware Reset Thresholds 125
host name 167
HTTP over proxy settings 159
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 34, 86
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure
Socket Layer (HTTPS) 34, 86
I
Idle Resets 185
idle timeout
for mobile connections 185
244
Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP) 30
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) 35, 107
Internet Protocol (IP)
IP protocols supported in Digi devices 30
statistics 182
IOTA (IP-Based Over the Air) 122
IP address assignment
default static IP address for Ethernet port 64
from command line 66
from Digi Device Setup Wizard 64
testing the configuration 67
using Auto-IP 65, 76
using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) 65, 76, 77
using static settings 76
IP filtering
as a security measure 90, 163
configuring 90
IP forwarding
from command line (set forward) 167
from web interface 91
See also port forwarding and NAT
IP Pass-through 94
IP Security (IPSec) 99
ISAKMP VPN tunnels 109, 115
K
kill command 201
L
LAC 184
Last Known Address (LKA) 156
Index
Lease Status values 192
Line Printer Daemon (LPD) 33, 44, 84
Link Integrity Monitoring 125
link up traps 33, 154
Local Configuration port profile 141
Location Area Code 184
location information for a device 153
login
to a remote system 201
login traps 33, 154
M
MAC Address 177
Management menu 189
managing connections and services 189
manual provisioning 122
manual-keyed VPN tunnel 109, 112
Messages Received 183
mobile device provisioning 121
mobile service providers
CDMA-based 119
GSM-based 119
information required for provisioning and
configuration 119
mobile settings
connection management settings 125
factory defaults for 120
in Digi Device Setup Wizard 68
in web interface 119
provisioning state 120
Service Plan 120
Service Provider 120
username and password 120
mobile status and statistics 167, 184
mode command 201
Model name for Digi device 177
modem emulation
configuring 167
description 44
Modem Emulation Pool (pmodem) network
service 84
network service for (pmodem) 84
port profile for 141
Modem Emulation Passthrough 84
modem information
International Mobile Subscriber Identifier
(IMSI) 186
Mobile Directory Number (MDN) 186
Mobile Identification Number (MIN) 186
modem manufacturer 186
modem model 186
modem revision 186
modem serial number 186
phone number for modem module 186
N
NAT
See Network Address Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) 34, 91,
100, 155, 168
network options 167
network services
ADDP 84
available when IP-passthrough enabled
(pinholes) 86, 96
description 44
enabling and disabling access to 82, 167,
217, 218
Encrypted (Secure) RealPort 84
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 86
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure
Socket Layer (HTTPS) 86
Line Printer Daemon (LPD) 84
managing 190
Modem Emulation Passthrough 84
Modem Emulation Pool (pmodem) 84
port numbers for 83
RealPort 84
Remote login (Rlogin) 84
Remote shell (Rsh) 84
Secure Shell (SSH) 85
Secure Shell (SSH) Passthrough 85
245
Index
Secure Socket Service 85
Secure Web Server (HTTPS) 86
Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) 85
Telnet 85
Telnet Passthrough 85
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Echo 85
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Passthrough 85
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 85
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Passthrough 85
Web Server (HTTP) 86
Network Settings
IP Filtering Settings 90
Virtual Private Network (VPN) Settings 99
network settings
Advanced Network Settings 118
DHCP Server Settings 77
Dynamic DNS Update Settings 87
IP Forwarding Settings 91
IP Pass-through Settings 94
IP Settings 76
Network Services Settings 82
Socket Tunnel Settings 93
newpass command
changing password for administrative
user 162
disabling password authentication 162
enabling login prompt 161
No Ports statistic 183
No Routes statistic 182
O
OFC 179
Overflow Errors 180
Overrun Errors 180
P
parity 142
Parity Errors 180
246
Passive Opens 182
passwords
changing password for administrative
user 162
configuring 160
default for Digi devices 69
enabling and disabling password
authentication 161
for accessing mobile network 120
for Dynamic DNS (DDNS) service 87, 88
for HTTP over Proxy connections 159
for SNMP gets and sets 153
issuing new passwords to users (newpass
command) 162, 168
password authentication 161
resetting administrator password by
restoring factory defaults 215
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) 106
ping command 67, 201
Ping Test 126, 187
pinholes 96
pmodem 44
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
description 34
set pppoutbound command 168
port buffering
configuring from command line (set buffer
command) 168, 200
configuring from web interface 143
description 143
displaying contents of port buffer (display
buffers command) 200
port forwarding 91
port logging
Enable Port Logging setting 143
See also port buffering
port profiles
Console Management 138
Custom 142, 146
Local Configuration 141
Modem Emulation 141
Index
RealPort 138
selecting and configuring 137
Serial Bridge 141
set profiles command 168
TCP Sockets 139, 144
UDP Sockets 140, 146
POST version
displaying current 177
updating 214
power requirements
Digi Connect WAN products 220
PPP
See Point to Point Protocol
pre-shared key (PSK) 116
Primary DNS Address 185
Primary DNS Name 128
private community password for SNMP 153
proposal 117
protocols
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 30
Advanced Digi Discovery Protocol
(ADDP) 34, 84
cellular protocols supported 35
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) 32
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) 35,
92
ESP Passthrough 30
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) 35,
92
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 34, 86
HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure
Socket Layer (HTTPS) 30, 86
Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP) 34
Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP) 30
IP protocols supported 30
Line Printer Daemon (LPD) 33, 84
Network Address Translation (NAT) 34
Point to Point Protocol (PPP) 30
Remote login (Rlogin) 33, 84
Secure Shell (SSH) 30
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 33
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 30
Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) 32, 85
Telnet 33, 85
Telnet Com Port Control Option 33
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 31
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 33
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 31
provisioning
automatic 122, 123
from command line 168
from web interface 121
information required from mobile service
provider 119
manual 122, 123
Mobile Device Provisioning Wizard 121
provision command 168
re-provisioning 124
Pseudo-modem 44
public community password for SNMP 153
Q
quit command 201
R
raw TCP connection 46
raw TLS encrypted connection 46
RCI over Serial 143
RealPort
and serial settings 142
configuration options 168
network service 84
port profile for 138
software 40
rebooting Digi devices
from command line 218
from web interface 217
reconnect command 201
registration status 184
247
Index
regulatory information 221
Remote Login (Rlogin) 33, 84
remote management
and IP Pass-through 97
configuration settings 154
See also Connectware Manager
Remote shell (Rsh) 45, 84
reset device to factory defaults
from command line 218
from web interface 218
restore device configuration to factory
defaults 215
Reverse raw socket 44
Reverse Telnet 33, 44
Reverse TLS socket 44
revert command 218
RFC 1701 35
RFC 1702 35
RFC 2217 30, 33, 139, 142
RFC 2406 35
Rlogin 45, 46, 84
rlogin command 201
root user 161
changing password for 162
description and permissions 161
Routing Discards 182
RSSI 151, 184
RTS 143, 179
RTS Toggle 143, 168
S
SA Lifetime 107
safety information 224
Safety Standards 221
Secondary DNS Address 185
Secondary DNS Name 128
Secure Shell (SSH) Passthrough 85
Secure Socket Service 85
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 33
Secure Web Server (HTTPS) 86
security
248
Access Control Lists 163
changing password for root user 162
configuring features 160
disabling unused and non-secure network
services 163
enabling password authentication 161
features overview 42
IP filtering 163
password for ADDP 162
security policies 107, 116
SSH public key 163
user models and permissions 161
Security Parameter Index (SPI) 113
security policies 116
Segments Received 182
Segments Retransmitted 182
Segments Sent 182
send command 168, 201
Serial Bridge port profile 141
serial data communication over TCP 31, 168
serial data communication over UDP 31, 168
serial interface
configuration profiles for 137
configuring 137, 168
serial port diagnostics 178
serial port information 178
serial port settings
advanced 143
basic 142
baud rate 142
configuring 137, 168
data bits 142
description for port 142
flow control 142
parity 142
port logging (port buffering) 143
port profiles 137
RCI over Serial (DSR) 143
RTS toggle 143
Serial Port Diagnostics page 178
Serial system information page 178
Index
stop bits 142
TCP settings 144
UDP settings 146
serial ports
managing connections 189
serial statistics 180
server-initiated connections 155
session bypasses 187
session consecutive failures 187
session control
from command line 201
from web interface 189
session failures 187
session information (status command) 201
session successes 187
set accesscontrol command 167
set alarm command 167
set autoconnect command 167
set buffer command 168
set commands for SNMP 153
set ethernet command 167
set forward command 167
set host command 167
set ia command 167
set mgmtconnection command 167
set mgmtglobal command 167
set mgmtnetwork command 167
set nat command 168
set network command 66, 167
set pmodem command 167
set profiles command 168
set realport command 168
set rtstoggle command 168
set serial command 168
set service command 167, 218
set snmp command 168
set system command 168
set tcpserial command 168
set udpserial command 168
set user command 168
show command 200
signal strength
for Digi Cellular Family products 41, 149,
151, 184
setting alarms for 149
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 30,
149
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
configuring 153, 168
destination IP address for traps 154
enabling and disabling 153
enabling and disabling traps 153
network service for 85
overview 32
private community name 153
public community name 153
sending alarms as SNMP traps 32, 150
set commands 153
set snmp command 200
supported RFCs and MIBs 32
supported traps 33
Socket ID 144, 146
Socket Tunnel settings 93
SSH public key 163
SSL
See Secure Sockets Layer
statistics
capabilities available in SNMP 208
displaying from command line 199
Ethernet 199
for mobile (cellular) products 129, 184, 185
ICMP 183, 199
IP 182
network 181
network statistics in SNMP 208
port statistics in SNMP 208
serial 199
serial port 180
TCP 182, 199
UDP 199
status information 60, 129, 175, 201
249
Index
status LED 216
stop bits 142
SureLink
configuration settings 125
configuring 125
description 119
statistics 187
use 35
system connections 189
system information 217, 218
System Information page 176
system settings 153
statistics 182
TCP Connection Test 126, 127, 187
TCP Echo network service 85
TCP keep-alives 118
TCP Sockets port profile 139, 144
tcpserial communication 31, 144
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 33
traps (SNMP) supported in Digi devices 33
tunnel 108
tunnels
serial tunneling 141
socket tunnel 93
VPN tunnel 99
T
TCP
See Transmission Control Protocol
Telnet
Autoconnect 33
client 33
command 166, 201
connection 46
network service 85
network service for 85
server 33
Telnet Com Port Control Option (RFC
2217) 139, 142
Telnet Passthrough network service 85
Telnet Com Port Control Option 30
TLS 33
See Transport Layer Security
total bypasses 188
Total Data In 180
Total Data Out 180
total failures 188
total link down requests 188
total successes 187
total used/free memory 178
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
configuration settings 144
network service for 85
overview 31
250
U
UDP
See User Datagram Protocol
Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service
(UMTS) 37
up time 178
uploading files 211
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
configuration settings 146
overview 31
statistics 183
UDP network service 85
UDP Passthrough network service 85
UDP Sockets port profile 140, 146
udpserial communication 31, 146
User FQDN 105
users and permissions
default username 69
overview 161
root user 161
set user command 168
V
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
CDMA carrier requirements 101
configuring 99, 102
described 99
Index
IP address requirements 101
ISAKMP tunnels 115
manual-keyed tunnels 109, 112
purpose 99
settings 102
testing the connection 111
tunnel 108
Tunnel Proposal Configuration 117
vpn command 201
W
web interface
accessing 69
alarm settings 149
application settings 164
applying and saving changes 73
as a device configuration interface 68
canceling changes 73
configuration pages 72
for configuring devices 68
Home page 71, 72
idle timeout for 69
management menu 189
mobile (cellular) settings 119
network configuration 75
network settings 75
online help 73
overview 53
remote management (Connectware
Manager) settings 154
security settings 160
serial port settings 137
system settings 153
user settings 160
who command 201
251
Index
252
Source Exif Data:
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