Digi Rcm4000 Users Manual RCM4000UM

RCM4000 to the manual be873252-217d-46d0-9c8f-1434a1fffe7d

2015-02-04

: Digi Digi-Rcm4000-Users-Manual-513520 digi-rcm4000-users-manual-513520 digi pdf

Open the PDF directly: View PDF .
Page Count: 124 [warning: Documents this large are best viewed by clicking the View PDF Link!]

RabbitCore RCM4000 User's Manual

RabbitCore RCM4000

C-Programmable Analog Core Module

with Ethernet

User’s Manual

019–0157 • 060501–A

RabbitCore RCM4000

Rabbit Semiconductor

2900 Spafford Street

Davis, California 95616-6809

USA

Telephone: (530) 757-8400

Fax: (530) 757-8402

www.rabbitsemiconductor.com

RabbitCore RCM4000 User’s Manual

Part Number 019-0157 • 060501–A • Printed in U.S.A.

Rabbit Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes and

improvements to its products without providing notice.

Trademarks

Rabbit and Dynamic C are registered trademarks of Rabbit Semiconductor.

Rabbit 4000 and RabbitCore are trademarks of Rabbit Semiconductor.

User’s Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

1.1 RCM4000 Features...............................................................................................................................2

1.2 Advantages of the RCM4000 ...............................................................................................................3

1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools......................................................................................................4

1.3.1 RCM4000 Development Kit.........................................................................................................4

1.3.2 Software ........................................................................................................................................5

1.3.3 Online Documentation ..................................................................................................................5

Chapter 2. Getting Started 7

2.1 Install Dynamic C .................................................................................................................................7

2.2 Hardware Connections..........................................................................................................................8

2.2.1 Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development..........................................................................8

2.2.2 Attach Module to Prototyping Board............................................................................................9

2.2.3 Connect Programming Cable......................................................................................................10

2.2.4 Connect Power............................................................................................................................11

2.3 Run a Sample Program .......................................................................................................................12

2.3.1 Run a Sample Program ...............................................................................................................12

2.3.2 Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................12

2.4 Where Do I Go From Here? ...............................................................................................................13

2.4.1 Technical Support .......................................................................................................................13

Chapter 3. Running Sample Programs 15

3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................15

3.2 Sample Programs ................................................................................................................................16

3.2.1 Use of NAND Flash (RCM4000 only) .......................................................................................18

3.2.2 Serial Communication.................................................................................................................20

3.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs (RCM4000 only).....................................................................................22

3.2.4 Real-Time Clock.........................................................................................................................22

Chapter 4. Hardware Reference 23

4.1 RCM4000 Digital Inputs and Outputs................................................................................................24

4.1.1 Memory I/O Interface .................................................................................................................29

4.1.2 Other Inputs and Outputs............................................................................................................29

4.2 Serial Communication ........................................................................................................................30

4.2.1 Serial Ports..................................................................................................................................30

4.2.2 Ethernet Port ...............................................................................................................................31

4.2.3 Programming Port.......................................................................................................................32

4.3 Programming Cable ............................................................................................................................33

4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode ....................................................................33

4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM4000......................................................................................34

4.4 A/D Converter (RCM4000 only)........................................................................................................35

4.4.1 A/D Converter Power Supply .....................................................................................................37

RabbitCore RCM4100

4.5 Other Hardware.................................................................................................................................. 38

4.5.1 Clock Doubler ............................................................................................................................ 38

4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader...................................................................................................................... 38

4.6 Memory.............................................................................................................................................. 39

4.6.1 SRAM......................................................................................................................................... 39

4.6.2 Flash EPROM............................................................................................................................. 39

4.6.3 NAND Flash............................................................................................................................... 39

Chapter 5. Software Reference 41

5.1 More About Dynamic C..................................................................................................................... 41

5.2 Dynamic C Function Calls................................................................................................................ 43

5.2.1 Digital I/O................................................................................................................................... 43

5.2.2 Serial Communication Drivers................................................................................................... 43

5.2.3 SRAM Use.................................................................................................................................. 43

5.2.4 Prototyping Board Functions...................................................................................................... 45

5.2.4.1 Board Initialization............................................................................................................ 45

5.2.4.2 Alerts.................................................................................................................................. 46

5.2.5 Analog Inputs (RCM4000 only)................................................................................................. 47

5.3 Upgrading Dynamic C ....................................................................................................................... 61

5.3.1 Add-On Modules........................................................................................................................ 61

Chapter 6. Using the TCP/IP Features 63

6.1 TCP/IP Connections........................................................................................................................... 63

6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses......................................................................................................... 65

6.2.1 IP Addresses Explained.............................................................................................................. 67

6.2.2 How IP Addresses are Used ....................................................................................................... 68

6.2.3 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses................................................................................. 69

6.3 Placing Your Device on the Network ................................................................................................ 70

6.4 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs.................................................................................................... 71

6.4.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs..................................................................... 72

6.4.2 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect.................................................................... 73

6.5 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program................................................................................................ 74

6.6 Running Additional Sample Programs With Direct Connect ............................................................ 74

6.7 Where Do I Go From Here?............................................................................................................... 75

Appendix A. RCM4000 Specifications 77

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics ........................................................................................ 78

A.1.1 A/D Converter ........................................................................................................................... 82

A.1.2 Headers...................................................................................................................................... 83

A.2 Rabbit 4000 DC Characteristics........................................................................................................ 84

A.3 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit............................................................................................. 85

A.4 Bus Loading ...................................................................................................................................... 85

A.5 Conformal Coating............................................................................................................................ 88

A.6 Jumper Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 89

Appendix B. Prototyping Board 91

B.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 92

B.1.1 Prototyping Board Features ....................................................................................................... 93

B.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Layout ................................................................................................. 95

B.3 Power Supply..................................................................................................................................... 96

B.4 Using the Prototyping Board............................................................................................................. 97

B.4.1 Adding Other Components........................................................................................................ 99

B.4.2 Measuring Current Draw ........................................................................................................... 99

B.4.3 Analog Features (RCM4000 only) .......................................................................................... 100

B.4.3.1 A/D Converter Inputs...................................................................................................... 100

B.4.3.2 Thermistor Input ............................................................................................................. 102

B.4.3.3 A/D Converter Calibration.............................................................................................. 102

User’s Manual

B.4.4 Serial Communication..............................................................................................................103

B.4.4.1 RS-232............................................................................................................................. 104

B.5 Prototyping Board Jumper Configurations ......................................................................................105

Appendix C. Power Supply 109

C.1 Power Supplies.................................................................................................................................109

C.1.1 Battery-Backup Circuits...........................................................................................................109

C.1.2 Reset Generator ........................................................................................................................110

Notice to Users 111

Index 113

Schematics 117

RabbitCore RCM4100

User’s Manual 1

1. INTRODUCTION

The RCM4000 series of RabbitCore modules is one of the next

generation of core modules that take advantage of new Rabbit®

4000 features such as hardware DMA, clock speeds of up to

60 MHz, I/O lines shared with up to five serial ports and four

levels of alternate pin functions that include variable-phase

PWM, auxiliary I/O, quadrature decoder, and input capture.

Coupled with more than 500 new opcode instructions that help

to reduce code size and improve processing speed, this equates

to a core module that is fast, efficient, and the ideal solution for

a wide range of embedded applications. The RCM4000 also fea-

tures an integrated 10Base-T Ethernet port.

The Development Kit has the essentials that you need to design

your own microprocessor-based system, and includes a com-

plete Dynamic C software development system. This Develop-

ment Kit also contains a Prototyping Board that will allow you

to evaluate the RCM4000 and to prototype circuits that interface

to the RCM4000 module. You will also be able to write and test

software for the RCM4000 modules.

Throughout this manual, the term RCM4000 refers to the complete series of RCM4000

RabbitCore modules unless other production models are referred to specifically.

The RCM4000 has a Rabbit 4000 microprocessor operating at up to 58.98 MHz, static

RAM, flash memory, NAND flash mass-storage option, an 8-channel A/D converter, two

clocks (main oscillator and timekeeping), and the circuitry necessary for reset and man-

agement of battery backup of the Rabbit 4000’s internal real-time clock and the static

RAM. One 50-pin header brings out the Rabbit 4000 I/O bus lines, parallel ports, A/D

converter channels, and serial ports.

The RCM4000 receives its +3.3 V power from the customer-supplied motherboard on

which it is mounted. The RCM4000 can interface with all kinds of CMOS-compatible

digital devices through the motherboard.

2RabbitCore RCM4000

1.1 RCM4000 Features

•Small size: 1.84" × 2.42" × 0.77" (47 mm × 61 mm × 20 mm)

•Microprocessor: Rabbit 4000 running

at 58.98 MHz

•Up to 29 general-purpose I/O lines configurable with up to four alternate functions

•3.3 V I/O lines with low-power modes down to 2 kHz

•

Five CMOS-compatible serial ports — f

our ports are configurable as a clocked serial

ports (SPI), and one port is configurable as an SDLC/HDLC serial port.

•Combinations of up to eight single-ended or four differential 12-bit analog inputs

(RCM4000 only)

•Alternate I/O bus can be configured for 8 data lines and 6 address lines (shared with

parallel I/O lines), I/O read/write

•512K flash memory, 512K SRAM, with a fixed mass-storage flash-memory option that

may be used with the standardized directory structure supported by the Dynamic C FAT

File System module

•Real-time clock

•Watchdog supervisor

There are two RCM4000 production models. Table 1 summarizes their main features.

The RCM4000 is programmed over a standard PC serial port through a programming cable

supplied with the Development Kit, and can also be programed through a USB port with an

RS-232/USB converter or over an Ethernet with the RabbitLink (both available from Rabbit

Semiconductor).

Appendix A provides detailed specifications for the RCM4000.

Table 1. RCM4000 Features

Feature RCM4000 RCM4010

Microprocessor Rabbit® 4000 at 58.98 MHz

SRAM 512K

Flash Memory (program) 512K

Flash Memory

(mass data storage) 32 Mbytes (NAND flash) —

A/D Converter 12 bits —

Serial Ports

5 shared high-speed, CMOS-compatible ports:

5 are configurable as asynchronous serial ports;

4 are configurable as clocked serial ports (SPI);

1 is configurable as an SDLC/HDLC serial port;

1 asynchronous serial port is used during programming

1 asynchronous serial port is dedicated for A/D converter (RCM4000)

User’s Manual 3

1.2 Advantages of the RCM4000

•Fast time to market using a fully engineered, “ready-to-run/ready-to-program” micro-

processor core.

•Competitive pricing when compared with the alternative of purchasing and assembling

individual components.

•Easy C-language program development and debugging

•Rabbit Field Utility to download compiled Dynamic C .bin files, and cloning board

options for rapid production loading of programs.

•Generous memory size allows large programs with tens of thousands of lines of code,

and substantial data storage.

4RabbitCore RCM4000

1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools

1.3.1 RCM4000 Development Kit

The RCM4000 Development Kit contains the hardware essentials you will need to use

your RCM4000 module. The items in the Development Kit and their use are as follows.

•RCM4010 module.

•Prototyping Board.

•AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A. (Included only with Development Kits sold for the North

American market. A header plug leading to bare leads is provided to allow overseas

users to connect their own power supply with a DC output of 8–24 V at 8 W.)

•10-pin header to DE9 programming cable with integrated level-matching circuitry.

•10-pin header to DB9 serial cable.

•Dynamic C® CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.

•Getting Started instructions.

•A bag of accessory parts for use on the Prototyping Board.

•Rabbit 4000 Processor Easy Reference poster.

•Registration card.

Figure 1. RCM4000 Development Kit

A Digi International

Company.

Rabbit Semiconductor, Rabbit, Z-World, and Dynamic C are

registered trademarks of their respective holders.

RabbitCore RCM4000

Getting Started

Development Kit Contents

The RCM4000 Development Kit contains the following items:

•RCM4000 module.

•Prototyping Board.

•AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A. (Included only with Development Kits sold for the North American market. A

header plug leading to bare leads is provided to allow overseas users to connect their own power supply

with a DC output of 8–30 V.)

•10-pin header to DB9 programming cable with integrated level-matching circuitry.

•10-pin header to DB9 serial cable.

•Dynamic C®CD-ROM, with complete product documen-

tation on disk.

•Getting Started instructions.

•A bag of accessory parts for use on the Prototyping

Board.

•Rabbit 4000 Processor Easy Reference poster.

•Registration card.

Installing Dynamic C®

Insert the CD from the Development Kit in

your PC’s CD-ROM drive. If the installation

does not auto-start, run the setup.exe

program in the root directory of the

Dynamic C CD. Install any Dynamic C

modules after you install Dynamic C.

PROG

DIAG

Programming

Cable

Getting Started

Instructions Prototyping Board

Accessory Parts for

Prototyping Board

Serial

Cable

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33

UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37UX42UX41

RX63

RX65RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11R12

RX47

RX43

AC Adapter

(North American

kits only)

C20 L1 C21

R10

R11

R12

R13

C10

C11

C12

C13

C14

C15

C16

RP1

JP6

JP5

R20

JP4

TP2

R38 R2

R3 U3

R37

R21

C17

C18

C52

C56

R23

R22

JP3

R41

C53

40 41

User’s Manual 5

1.3.2 Software

The RCM4000 is programmed using version 10.03 or later of Dynamic C. A compatible

version is included on the Development Kit CD-ROM.

Rabbit Semiconductor also offers add-on Dynamic C modules containing the popular

µC/OS-II real-time operating system, as well as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard

(AES), and other select libraries. In addition to the Web-based technical support included

at no extra charge, a one-year telephone-based technical support module is also available

for purchase. Visit our Web site at www.rabbit.com or contact your Rabbit Semiconductor

sales representative or authorized distributor for further information.

1.3.3 Online Documentation

The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the docu-

mentation menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the

menu. If the icon is missing, use your browser to find and load default.htm in the docs

folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.

The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download

from our Web sites as well.

6RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 7

2. GETTING STARTED

This chapter describes the RCM4000 hardware in more detail, and

explains how to set up and use the accompanying Prototyping Board.

NOTE: This chapter (and this manual) assume that you have the RCM4000 Development

Kit. If you purchased an RCM4000 module by itself, you will have to adapt the infor-

mation in this chapter and elsewhere to your test and development setup.

2.1 Install Dynamic C

To develop and debug programs for the RCM4000 (and for all other Rabbit Semiconductor

hardware), you must install and use Dynamic C.

If you have not yet installed Dynamic C version 10.03 (or a later version), do so now by

inserting the Dynamic C CD from the RCM4000 Development Kit in your PC’s CD-ROM

drive. If autorun is enabled, the CD installation will begin automatically.

If autorun is disabled or the installation does not start, use the Windows Start | Run menu

or Windows Disk Explorer to launch setup.exe from the root folder of the CD-ROM.

The installation program will guide you through the installation process. Most steps of the

process are self-explanatory.

Dynamic C uses a COM (serial) port to communicate with the target development system.

The installation allows you to choose the COM port that will be used. The default selec-

tion is COM1. You may select any available port for Dynamic C’s use. If you are not cer-

tain which port is available, select COM1. This selection can be changed later within

Dynamic C.

NOTE: The installation utility does not check the selected COM port in any way. Speci-

fying a port in use by another device (mouse, modem, etc.) may lead to a message such

as "could not open serial port" when Dynamic C is started.

Once your installation is complete, you will have up to three new icons on your PC desk-

top. One icon is for Dynamic C, one opens the documentation menu, and the third is for

the Rabbit Field Utility, a tool used to download precompiled software to a target system.

If you have purchased any of the optional Dynamic C modules, install them after installing

Dynamic C. The modules may be installed in any order. You must install the modules in

the same directory where Dynamic C was installed.

8RabbitCore RCM4000

2.2 Hardware Connections

There are three steps to connecting the Prototyping Board for use with Dynamic C and the

sample programs:

1. Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development.

2. Attach the RCM4000 module to the Prototyping Board.

3. Connect the programming cable between the RCM4000 and the PC.

4. Connect the power supply to the Prototyping Board.

2.2.1 Prepare the Prototyping Board for Development

Snap in four of the plastic standoffs supplied in the bag of accessory parts from the Devel-

opment Kit in the holes at the corners as shown.

Figure 2. Insert Standoffs

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29 CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RX65 RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19 C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11 R12

RX47

RX43

User’s Manual 9

2.2.2 Attach Module to Prototyping Board

Turn the RCM4000 module so that the mounting holes line up with the corresponding

holes on the Prototyping Board. Insert a standoff between the upper mounting hole and the

Prototyping Board as shown, then insert the module’s header J3 on the bottom side into

socket RCM1 on the Prototyping Board.

Figure 3. Install the Module on the Prototyping Board

NOTE: It is important that you line up the pins on header J3 of the module exactly with

socket RCM1 on the Prototyping Board. The header pins may become bent or damaged

if the pin alignment is offset, and the module will not work. Permanent electrical dam-

age to the module may also result if a misaligned module is powered up.

Press the module’s pins gently into the Prototyping Board socket—press down in the area

above the header pins—and “snap” the standoff into the mounting holes.

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29 CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RX65 RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19 C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11 R12

RX47

RX43

R34

C12

C14

C15

C11

R20

C41 R35

DS1

DS2

R37

R36

ACT LINK

C72 Y3

C71

U17

C66

R46

U18

R47

C53

C54

C52

C51

C50

C49

C47

C48

C42

C43

C34

C35

Y1 U5

R25

C33

R24

C20 Q1

C18

C16

C13

R1 R2

R51

C10

U1 R9 R10

JP1

JP3

JP2

C22

C23

RP2

R43

R27

R28

JP4

R33 R32

R31

R48

C55

C56 C46 C45C44

R30

C38

C36

R26

C32

C30

C31

R29

C29

C28

C26

C27

C24

C25

RCM4000/

RCM4010

RCM1

Line up mounting

holes with holes

on Prototyping Board.

Insert standoff

between upper

mounting hole and

Prototyping Board.

10 RabbitCore RCM4000

2.2.3 Connect Programming Cable

The programming cable connects the module to the PC running Dynamic C to download

programs and to monitor the module during debugging.

Connect the 10-pin connector of the programming cable labeled PROG to header J1 on

the RCM4000 as shown in Figure 4. Be sure to orient the marked (usually red) edge of the

cable towards pin 1 of the connector. (Do not use the DIAG connector, which is used for a

normal serial connection.)

Figure 4. Connect Programming Cable and Power Supply

NOTE: Be sure to use the programming cable (part number 101-0542) supplied with this

Development Kit—the programming cable has blue shrink wrap around the RS-232

converter section located in the middle of the cable. Programming cables with red or

clear shrink wrap from other Z-World or Rabbit Semiconductor kits are not designed to

work with RCM4000 modules.

Connect the other end of the programming cable to a COM port on your PC.

NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use

an RS-232/USB converter (Part No. 540-0070) with the programming cable supplied

with the RCM4000 Development Kit. Note that not all RS-232/USB converters work

with Dynamic C.

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29 CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RX65 RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19 C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11 R12

RX47

RX43

R34

C12

C14

C15

C11

R20

C41 R35

DS1

DS2

R37

R36

ACT LINK

C72 Y3

C71

U17

C66

R46

U18

R47

C53

C54

C52

C51

C50

C49

C47

C48

C42

C43

C34

C35

Y1 U5

R25

C33

R24

C20 Q1

C18

C16

C13

R1 R2

R51

C10

U1 R9 R10

JP1

JP3

JP2

C22

C23

RP2

R43

R27

R28

JP4

R33 R32

R31

R48

C55

C56 C46 C45C44

R30

C38

C36

R26

C32

C30

C31

R29

C29

C28

C26

C27

C24

C25

AC Adapter

RESET

3-pin

power connector

Colored

edge

PC COM port

Blue

shrink wrap

PROG

DIAG

Programming

Cable

PROG

User’s Manual 11

2.2.4 Connect Power

Once all the other connections have been made, you can connect power to the Prototyping

Board. Connect the AC adapter to 3-pin header J1 on the Prototyping Board as shown in

Figure 4 above. The connector may be attached either way as long as it is not offset to one

side—the center pin of J1 is always connected to the positive terminal, and either edge pin

is ground.

Plug in the AC adapter. The PWR LED on the Prototyping Board next to the power con-

nector at J1 should light up. The RCM4000 and the Prototyping Board are now ready to be

used.

NOTE: A RESET button is provided on the Prototyping Board next to the battery holder

to allow a hardware reset without disconnecting power.

Other Power-Supplies

Development Kits sold outside North America include a header connector that may be

used to connect your power supply to 3-pin header J1 on the Prototyping Board. The

power supply should deliver 8 V–30 V DC at 8 W.

12 RabbitCore RCM4000

2.3 Run a Sample Program

If you already have Dynamic C installed, you are now ready to test your programming

connections by running a sample program. Start Dynamic C by double-clicking on the

Dynamic C icon or by double-clicking on dcrab_XXXX.exe in the Dynamic C root

directory, where XXXX are version-specific characters.

If you are using a USB port to connect your computer to the RCM4000, choose Options >

Project Options and select “Use USB to Serial Converter” under the Communications

tab. You may have to determine which COM port was assigned to the RS-232/USB

converter.

2.3.1 Run a Sample Program

Find the file PONG.C, which is in the Dynamic C SAMPLES folder. To run the program,

open it with the File menu, compile it using the Compile menu, and then run it by selecting

Run in the Run menu. The STDIO window will open on your PC and will display a small

square bouncing around in a box.

2.3.2 Troubleshooting

If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communi-

cation error message when you compile and load a sample program, it is possible that your

PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum

download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.

•Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Project Options >

Communications menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.

If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can

begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud

rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.

•Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Project Options >

Communications menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.

If you receive the message No Rabbit Processor Detected, the programming

cable may be connected to the wrong COM port, a connection may be faulty, or the target

system may not be powered up. First, check to see that the power LED on the Prototyping

Board is lit and that the jumper across pins 5–6 of header JP10 on the Prototyping Board is

installed. If the LED is lit, check both ends of the programming cable to ensure that it is

firmly plugged into the PC and the programming port on the Prototyping Board. Ensure

that the module is firmly and correctly installed in its connectors on the Prototyping Board.

If there are no faults with the hardware, select a different COM port within Dynamic C.

From the Options menu, select Project Options, then select Communications. Select

another COM port from the list, then click OK. Press <Ctrl-Y> to force Dynamic C to

recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C still reports it is unable to locate the target system, repeat

the above steps until you locate the active COM port.You should receive a message Bios

compiled successfully once this step is completed successfully.

User’s Manual 13

2.4 Where Do I Go From Here?

If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to the sample programs in

Chapter 3 and to develop your own applications. The sample programs can be easily modi-

fied for your own use. The user's manual also provides complete hardware reference infor-

mation and software function calls for the RCM4000 and the Prototyping Board.

For advanced development topics, refer to the Dynamic C User’s Manual, also in the

online documentation set.

2.4.1 Technical Support

NOTE: If you purchased your RCM4000 through a distributor or through a Rabbit Semi-

conductor or Z-World partner, contact the distributor or partner first for technical support.

If there are any problems at this point:

•Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.

•Check the Rabbit Semiconductor/Z-World Technical Bulletin Board at

www.rabbit.com/support/bb/.

•Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.

14 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 15

3. RUNNING SAMPLE PROGRAMS

To develop and debug programs for the RCM4000 (and for all

other Z-World and Rabbit Semiconductor hardware), you must

install and use Dynamic C. This chapter provides a tour of its

major features with respect to the RCM4000.

3.1 Introduction

To help familiarize you with the RCM4000 modules, Dynamic C includes several sample

programs. Loading, executing and studying these programs will give you a solid hands-on

overview of the RCM4000’s capabilities, as well as a quick start with Dynamic C as an

application development tool.

NOTE:

The sample programs assume that you have at least an elementary grasp of ANSI C.

If you do not, see the introductory pages of the Dynamic C User’s Manual for a sug-

gested reading list.

In order to run the sample programs discussed in this chapter and elsewhere in this manual,

1. Your module must be plugged in to the Prototyping Board as described in Chapter 2,

“Getting Started.”

2. Dynamic C must be installed and running on your PC.

3. The programming cable must connect the programming header on the module to your

PC.

4. Power must be applied to the module through the Prototyping Board.

Refer to Chapter 2, “Getting Started,” if you need further information on these steps.

To run a sample program, open it with the File menu (if it is not still open), then compile

and run it by pressing F9.

Each sample program has comments that describe the purpose and function of the pro-

gram. Follow the instructions at the beginning of the sample program.

More complete information on Dynamic C is provided in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.

16 RabbitCore RCM4000

3.2 Sample Programs

Of the many sample programs included with Dynamic C, several are specific to the

RCM4000 modules. These programs will be found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000 folder.

•CONTROLLED.C—Demonstrates use of the digital outputs by having you turn LEDs

DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board on or off from the STDIO window on your PC.

Parallel Port B bit 2 = LED DS2

Parallel Port B bit 3 = LED DS3

Once you compile and run CONTROLLED.C, the following display will appear in the

Dynamic C STDIO window.

Press “2” or “3” on your keyboard to select LED DS2 or DS3 on the Prototyping

Board. Then follow the prompt in the Dynamic C STDIO window to turn the LED ON

or OFF. A logic low will light up the LED you selected.

•FLASHLED1.C—demonstrates the use of assembly language to flash LEDs DS2 and

DS3 on the Prototyping Board at different rates. Once you have compiled and run this

program, LEDs DS2 and DS3 will flash on/off at different rates.

•FLASHLED2.C—demonstrates the use of cofunctions and costatements to flash LEDs

DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board at different rates. Once you have compiled and

run this program, LEDs DS2 and DS3 will flash on/off at different rates.

User’s Manual 17

•LOW_POWER.C—demonstrates how to implement a function in RAM to reduce power

consumption by the Rabbit microprocessor. There are four features that lead to the low-

est possible power draw by the microprocessor.

1. Run the CPU from the 32 kHz crystal.

2. Turn off the high-frequency crystal oscillator.

3. Run from RAM.

4. Ensure that internal I/O instructions do not use CS0.

Once you are ready to compile and run this sample program, use <Alt-F9> instead of

just F9. This will disable polling, which will allow Dynamic C to continue debugging

once the target starts running off the 32 kHz oscillator.

This sample program will toggle LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board. You

may use an oscilloscope. DS2 will blink the fastest. After switching to low power, both

LEDs will blink together.

•TAMPERDETECTION.C—demonstrates how to detect an attempt to enter the bootstrap

mode. When an attempt is detected, the battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM on the

Rabbit 4000 is erased. This battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM can be useful to

store data such as an AES encryption key from a remote location.

This sample program shows how to load and read the battery-backed onchip-encryption

RAM and how to enable a visual indicator.

Once this sample is compiled running (you have pressed the F9 key while the sample

program is open), remove the programming cable and press the reset button on the

Prototyping Board to reset the module. LEDs DS2 and DS3 will be flashing on and off.

Now press switch S2 to load the battery-backed RAM with the encryption key. The

LEDs are now on continuously. Notice that the LEDs will stay on even when you press

the reset button on the Prototyping Board.

Reconnect the programming cable briefly and unplug it again. The LEDs will be flash-

ing because the battery-backed onchip-encryption RAM has been erased. Notice that

the LEDs will continue flashing even when you press the reset button on the Prototyp-

ing Board.

You may press switch S2 again and repeat the last steps to watch the LEDs.

•TOGGLESWITCH.C—demonstrates the use of costatements to detect switch presses

using the press-and-release method of debouncing. LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Proto-

typing Board are turned on and off when you press switches S2 and S3. S2 and S3 are

controlled by PB4 and PB5 respectively.

Once you have loaded and executed these five programs and have an understanding of

how Dynamic C and the RCM4000 modules interact, you can move on and try the other

sample programs, or begin building your own.

18 RabbitCore RCM4000

3.2.1 Use of NAND Flash (RCM4000 only)

The following sample programs can be found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\NANDFlash folder.

•NFLASH_DUMP.c—This program is a utility for dumping the nonerased contents of a

NAND flash chip to the Dynamic C STDIO window, and the contents may be redi-

rected to a serial port.

When the sample program starts running, it attempts to communicate with the user-

selected NAND flash chip. If this communication is successful and the main page size

is acceptable, the nonerased page contents (non 0xFF) from the NAND flash page are

dumped to the Dynamic C STDIO win.for inspection.

Note that an error message might appear when the first 32 pages (0x20 pages) are

“dumped.” You may ignore the error message.

•NFLASH_INSPECT.c—This program is a utility for inspecting the contents of a

NAND flash chip. When the sample program starts running, it attempts to communi-

cate with the NAND flash chip selected by the user. Once a NAND flash chip is found,

the user can execute various commands to print out the contents of a specified page,

clear (set to zero) all the bytes in a specified page, erase (set to FF), or write to specified

pages.

CAUTION: When you run this sample program, enabling the #define

NFLASH_CANERASEBADBLOCKS macro makes it possible to write to bad blocks.

•NFLASH_LOG.c—This program runs a simple Web server and stores a log of hits in

the NAND flash.

This log can be viewed and cleared from a browser by connecting the RJ-45 jack on the

RCM4000 to your PC as described in Section 6.1. The sidebar on the next page

explains how to set up your PC or notebook to view this log.

User’s Manual 19

As long as you have not modified the TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program,

enter the following server address in your Web browser to bring up the Web page

served by the sample program.

http://10.10.6.100

Otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library.

This sample program does not exhibit ideal behavior in its method of writing to the

NAND flash. However, the inefficiency attributable to the small amount of data written

in each append operation is offset somewhat by the expected relative infrequency of

these writes, and by the sample program's method of “walking” through the flash

blocks when appending data as well as when a log is cleared.

•NFLASH_ERASE.c—This program is a utility to erase all the good blocks on a NAND

flash chip. When the program starts running, it attempts to establish communication

with the NAND flash chip selected by the user. If the communication is successful, the

progress in erasing the blocks is displayed in the Dynamic C STDIO window as the

blocks are erased.

Follow these instructions to set up your PC or notebook. Check with your administra-

tor if you are unable to change the settings as described here since you may need

administrator privileges. The instructions are specifically for Windows 2000, but the

interface is similar for other versions of Windows.

TIP: If you are using a PC that is already on a network, you will disconnect the PC

from that network to run these sample programs. Write down the existing settings

before changing them to facilitate restoring them when you are finished with the

sample programs and reconnect your PC to the network.

1. Go to the control panel (Start > Settings > Control Panel), and then double-click

the Network icon.

2. Select the network interface card used for the Ethernet interface you intend to use

(e.g., TCP/IP Xircom Credit Card Network Adapter) and click on the “Proper-

ties” button. Depending on which version of Windows your PC is running, you may

have to select the “Local Area Connection” first, and then click on the “Properties”

button to bring up the Ethernet interface dialog. Then “Configure” your interface

card for a “10Base-T Half-Duplex” or an “Auto-Negotiation” connection on the

“Advanced” tab.

NOTE: Your network interface card will likely have a different name.

3. Now select the IP Address tab, and check Specify an IP Address, or select TCP/IP

and click on “Properties” to assign an IP address to your computer (this will disable

“obtain an IP address automatically”):

IP Address : 10.10.6.101

Netmask : 255.255.255.0

Default gateway : 10.10.6.1

4. Click <OK> or <Close> to exit the various dialog boxes.

20 RabbitCore RCM4000

3.2.2 Serial Communication

The following sample programs are found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\SERIAL folder.

•FLOWCONTROL.C—This program demonstrates how to configure Serial Port D for

CTS/RTS with serial data coming from Serial Port C (TxC) at 115,200 bps. The serial

data received are displayed in the STDIO window.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxD

together on the RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie TxC and

RxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as

shown in the diagram.

A repeating triangular pattern should print out in the STDIO window.

The program will periodically switch flow control on or off to demonstrate the effect of

no flow control.

If you have two Prototyping Boards with modules, run this sample program on the

sending board, then disconnect the programming cable and reset the sending board so

that the module is operating in the Run mode. Connect TxC, TxD, and GND on the

sending board to RxC, RxD, and GND on the other board, then, with the programming

cable attached to the other module, run the sample program.

•PARITY.C—This program demonstrates the use of parity modes by

repeatedly sending byte values 0–127 from Serial Port C to Serial Port D.

The program will switch between generating parity or not on Serial

Port C. Serial Port D will always be checking parity, so parity errors

should occur during every other sequence.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxC and RxD together on the

RS-232 header at J4 using one of the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as

shown in the diagram.

The Dynamic C STDIO window will display the error sequence.

•SIMPLE3WIRE.C—This program demonstrates basic RS-232 serial

communication. Lower case characters are sent by TxC, and are

received by RxD. The characters are converted to upper case and are

sent out by TxD, are received by RxC, and are displayed in the

Dynamic C STDIO window.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxC together on the

RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie RxD and TxC together using the jumpers

supplied in the Development Kit as shown in the diagram.

RxC TxC

GND

TxD RxD

RxC

RxD GND

TxD

TxC

RxC TxC

GND

TxD RxD

User’s Manual 21

•SIMPLE5WIRE.C—This program demonstrates 5-wire RS-232 serial communication

with flow control on Serial Port D and data flow on Serial Port C.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxD

together on the RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie TxC and

RxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as

shown in the diagram.

Once you have compiled and run this program, you can test flow con-

trol by disconnecting TxD from RxD while the program is running. Characters will no

longer appear in the STDIO window, and will display again once TxD is connected

back to RxD.

If you have two Prototyping Boards with modules, run this sample program on the

sending board, then disconnect the programming cable and reset the sending board so

that the module is operating in the Run mode. Connect TxC, TxD, and GND on the

sending board to RxC, RxD, and GND on the other board, then, with the programming

cable attached to the other module, run the sample program. Once you have compiled

and run this program, you can test flow control by disconnecting TxD from RxD as

before while the program is running.

•SWITCHCHAR.C—This program demonstrates transmitting and then receiving an

ASCII string on Serial Ports C and D. It also displays the serial data received from both

ports in the STDIO window.

To set up the Prototyping Board, you will need to tie TxD and RxC

together on the RS-232 header at J4, and you will also tie RxD and

TxC together using the jumpers supplied in the Development Kit as

shown in the diagram.

Once you have compiled and run this program, press and release

switches S2 and S3 on the Prototyping Board. The data sent between the serial ports

will be displayed in the STDIO window.

RxC TxC

GND

TxD RxD

RxC TxC

GND

TxD RxD

22 RabbitCore RCM4000

3.2.3 A/D Converter Inputs (RCM4000 only)

The following sample programs are found in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\ADC folder.

•AD_CAL_CHAN.C—Demonstrates how to recalibrate one single-ended analog input

channel with one gain using two known voltages to generate the calibration constants

for that channel. The constants will be rewritten into the user block data area.

Connect a positive voltage to an analog input channel on the Prototyping Board, and

connect the ground to GND. Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage, and follow the instruc-

tions in the Dynamic C STDIO window. Remember that analog input LN7 on the Prototyping

Board is used with the thermistor and should not be used with this sample program.

NOTE: The above sample program will overwrite any existing calibration constants.

•AD_RDVOLT_ALL.C—Demonstrates how to read all single-ended A/D input channels

using previously defined calibration constants. Coefficients are read from the simulated

EEPROM in the flash memory to compute equivalent voltages, and cannot be run in

RAM.

Compile and run this sample program once you have connected a positive voltage from

0–20 V DC to an analog input (except LN7) on the Prototyping Board, and ground to

GND. Follow the prompts in the Dynamic C STDIO window. Computed raw data and

equivalent voltages will be displayed.

•AD_SAMPLE.C—Demonstrates how to how to use a low level driver on single-ended

inputs. The program will continuously display the voltage (averaged over 10 samples)

that is present on the A/D converter channels (except LN7). Coefficients are read from

the simulated EEPROM in the flash memory to compute equivalent voltages, so the

sample program cannot be run in RAM.

Compile and run this sample program once you have connected a positive voltage from

0–20 V DC to an analog input (except LN7) on the Prototyping Board, and ground to

GND. Follow the prompts in the Dynamic C STDIO window. Computed raw data and

equivalent voltages will be displayed. If you attach a voltmeter between the analog

input and ground, you will be able to observe that the voltage in the Dynamic C STDIO

window tracks the voltage applied to the analog input as you vary it.

•THERMISTOR.C—Demonstrates how to use analog input LN7 to calculate temperature

for display to the STDIO window. This sample program assumes that the thermistor is

the one included in the Development Kit whose values for beta, series resistance, and

resistance at standard temperature are given in the part specification.

Install the thermistor at location JP25 on the Prototyping Board before running this

sample program.

3.2.4 Real-Time Clock

If you plan to use the real-time clock functionality in your application, you will need to set

the real-time clock. Set the real-time clock using the SETRTCKB.C sample program from

the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RTCLOCK folder, using the onscreen prompts. The

RTC_TEST.C sample program in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RTCLOCK folder provides

additional examples of how to read and set the real-time clock.

User’s Manual 23

4. HARDWARE REFERENCE

Chapter 4 describes the hardware components and principal hardware

subsystems of the RCM4000. Appendix A, “RCM4000 Specifica-

tions,” provides complete physical and electrical specifications.

Figure 5 shows the Rabbit-based subsystems designed into the RCM4000.

Figure 5. RCM4000 Subsystems

32 kHz

osc

RabbitCore Module

RABBIT ®

4000

CMOS-level signals

RS-232, RS-485

serial communication

drivers on motherboard

Customer-specific

applications

Level

converter

Ethernet

44.2 MHz

osc

A/D Converter

SRAM

Program

Flash

NAND

Flash

24 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.1 RCM4000 Digital Inputs and Outputs

Figure 6 shows the RCM4000 pinouts for header J3.

Figure 6. RCM4000 Pinout

Headers J3 is a standard 2 × 25 IDC header with a nominal 1.27 mm pitch.

Note: These pinouts are as seen on

the Bottom Side of the module.

+3.3 V_IN

/RESET_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT_EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5/SMODE0

PE7/STATUS

LN1

LN3

LN5

LN7

n.c./VREF

GND

/IORD

/RESET_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6/SMODE1

LN0

LN2

LN4

LN6

CONVERT

GND

n.c. = not connected

User’s Manual 25

Figure 7 shows the use of the Rabbit 3000 microprocessor ports in the RCM4000 modules.

Figure 7. Use of Rabbit 4000 Ports

The ports on the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor used in the RCM4000 are configurable, and

so the factory defaults can be reconfigured. Table 2 lists the Rabbit 4000 factory defaults

and the alternate configurations.

ABBIT®

4000

Port A Port B Port D

Port E

PA0PA7 PB2PB7

PE0PE7

PD0PD7

/RESET_OUT,

/IOWR,

STATUS

SMODE0

SMODE1

Watchdog

11 Timers

Clock Doubler

Slave Port

Real-Time Clock

RAM

Backup Battery

Support

Flash

Misc. I/O

/RES_IN

/IORD

PC4*

PC5*

Port C

(Serial Ports C & D)

Programming

Port

(Serial Port A)

A/D Converter

(Serial Port B)

PB1, PC6

PC7, /RES

PC0, PC2

PC1, PC3

Serial Ports E & F

PC4 and PC5 are

not available on

RCM4100 module.

26 RabbitCore RCM4000

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

1+3.3 V_IN

2GND

3/RES_OUT Reset output Reset input Reset output from Reset

Generator

4/IORD Input External read strobe

5/IOWR Output External write strobe

6/RESET_IN Input Input to Reset Generator

7VBAT_EXT Battery input

8–15 PA[0:7] Input/Output

Slave port data bus

(SD7–SD1)

External I/O data bus

(ID7–ID1)

16 PB0 Input/Output SCLKB

External I/O Address IA6

CLKB (used by RCM4000

A/D converter)

17 PB1 Input/Output SCLKA

External I/O Address IA7 Programming port CLKA

18 PB2 Input/Output /SWR

External I/O Address IA0

19 PB3 Input/Output /SRD

External I/O Address IA1

20 PB4 Input/Output SA0

External I/O Address IA2

21 PB5 Input/Output SA1

External I/O Address IA3

22 PB6 Input/Output /SCS

External I/O Address IA4

23 PB7 Input/Output /SLAVATN

External I/O Address IA5

User’s Manual 27

24 PC0 Input/Output

TXD

I/O Strobe I0

Timer C0

TCLKF

Serial Port D

25 PC1 Input/Output

RXD/TXD

I/O Strobe I1

Timer C1

RCLKF

Input Capture

26 PC2 Input/Output

TXC/TXF

I/O Strobe I2

Timer C2

Serial Port C

27 PC3 Input/Output

RXC/TXC/RXF

I/O Strobe I3

Timer C3

SCLKD

Input Capture

28 PC4 Input/Output

TXB

I/O Strobe I4

PWM0

TCLKE Serial Port B (used by

RCM4000 A/D converter)

29 PC5 Input/Output

RXB/TXB

I/O Strobe I5

PWM1

RCLKE

Input Capture

30 PC6 Input/Output

TXA/TXE

I/O Strobe I6

PWM2

Programming port

31 PC7 Input/Output

RXA/TXA/RXE

I/O Strobe I7

PWM3

SCLKC

Input Capture

32 PE0 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I0

A20

Timer C0

SCLKD/TCLKF

INT0

QRD1B

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations (continued)

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

28 RabbitCore RCM4000

33 PE1 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I1

A21

Timer C1

RXD/RCLKF

INT1

QRD1A

Input Capture

34 PE2 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I2

A22

Timer C2

TXF/SCLKC

DREQ0

QRD2B

35 PE3 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I3

A23

Timer C3

RXC/RXF/SCLKD

DREQ1

QRD2A

Input Capture

36 PE4 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I4

/A0

INT0

PWM0

TCLKE

37 PE5/SMODE0 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I5

INT1

PWM1

RXB/RCLKE

Input Capture

SMODE0 is the default

configuration

38 PE6/SMODE1 Input/Output

I/O Strobe I6

PWM2

TXE

DREQ0

SMODE1 is the default

configuration

39 PE7/STATUS Input/Output

I/O Strobe I7

PWM3

RXA/RXE/SCLKC

DREQ1

Input Capture

STATUS is the default

configuration

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations (continued)

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

User’s Manual 29

4.1.1 Memory I/O Interface

The Rabbit 4000 address lines (A0–A19) and all the data lines (D0–D7) are routed inter-

nally to the onboard flash memory and SRAM chips. I/0 write (/IOWR) and I/0 read

(/IORD) are available for interfacing to external devices.

Parallel Port A can also be used as an external I/O data bus to isolate external I/O from the

main data bus. Parallel Port B pins PB2–PB7 can also be used as an auxiliary address bus.

When using the auxiliary I/O bus for any reason, you must add the following line at the

beginning of your program.

#define PORTA_AUX_IO // required to enable auxiliary I/O bus

Selected pins on Parallel Ports D and E as specified in Table 2 may be used for input

capture, quadrature decoder, DMA, and pulse-width modulator purposes.

4.1.2 Other Inputs and Outputs

The status and the two SMODE pins, SMODE0 and SMODE1, can be brought out to

header J3 instead of PE5–PE7 as explained in Appendix A.6.

/RESET_IN is normally associated with the programming port, but may be used as an

external input to reset the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor and the RCM4000 memory.

/RESET_OUT is an output from the reset circuitry that can be used to reset other

peripheral devices.

40–47 LN[0:7] Analog Input A/D converter

(RCM4000 only)

48 CONVERT Analog Input

49 VREF Analog reference

voltage

1.15 V/2.048 V/2.500 V

on-chip ref. voltage

(RCM4000 only)

50 GND Ground Analog ground

Table 2. RCM4000 Pinout Configurations (continued)

Pin Pin Name Default Use Alternate Use Notes

30 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.2 Serial Communication

The RCM4000 module does not have any serial transceivers directly on the board. How-

ever, a serial interface may be incorporated on the board the RCM4000 is mounted on. For

example, the Prototyping Board has an RS-232 transceiver chip.

4.2.1 Serial Ports

There are five serial ports designated as Serial Ports A, B, C, D, and F. All five serial ports

can operate in an asynchronous mode up to the baud rate of the system clock divided by 8.

An asynchronous port can handle 7 or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address scheme, where an

additional bit is sent to mark the first byte of a message, is also supported.

Serial Port A is normally used as a programming port, but may be used either as an asyn-

chronous or as a clocked serial port once application development has been completed and

the RCM4000 is operating in the Run Mode.

Serial Port B is used by the A/D converter, and is not available for other use off the

RCM4000, but is available on the RCM4010.

Serial Ports C and D can also be operated in the clocked serial mode. In this mode, a clock

line synchronously clocks the data in or out. Either of the two communicating devices can

supply the clock.

Serial Ports F can also be configured as an SDLC/HDLC serial port. The IrDA protocol is

also supported in SDLC format by this serial port.

Table 3 summarizes the possible parallel port pins for the serial ports and their clocks.

Table 3. Rabbit 4000 Serial Port and Clock Pins

Serial Port A

TXA PC6, PC7, PD6

Serial Port D

TXD PC0, PC1

RXA PC7, PD7, PE7 RXD PC1, PD1, PE1

SCLKA PB1 SCLKD PD0, PE0, PE3, PC3

Serial Port B

TXB PC4, PC5, PD4

Serial Port F

TXF PD6, PE6, PC6

RXB PC5, PD5, PE5 RXF PD3, PE3, PC3

SCLKB PB0 RCLKF PD1, PE1, PC1

Serial Port C

TXC PC2, PC3 TCLKF PD0, PE0, PC0

RXC PC3, PD3, PE3 TCLKF PD0, PE0, PC0

SCLKC PD2, PE2, PE7, PC7

RCLKF must be selected to be on the same parallel port as TXF.

User’s Manual 31

4.2.2 Ethernet Port

Figure 8 shows the pinout for the RJ-45 Ethernet port (J2). Note that some Ethernet con-

nectors are numbered in reverse to the order used here.

Figure 8. RJ-45 Ethernet Port Pinout

Two LEDs are placed next to the RJ-45 Ethernet jack, one to indicate an Ethernet link

(LINK) and one to indicate Ethernet activity (ACT).

The RJ-45 connector is shielded to minimize EMI effects to/from the Ethernet signals.

ETHERNET

RJ-45 Plug

1. E_Tx+

2. E_Tx

3. E_Rx+

6. E_Rx

RJ-45 Jack

32 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.2.3 Programming Port

The RCM4000 is programmed via the 10-pin header labeled J1. The programming port

uses the Rabbit 4000’s Serial Port A for communication. Dynamic C uses the programming

port to download and debug programs.

Serial Port A is also used for the following operations.

•Cold-boot the Rabbit 4000 on the RCM4000 after a reset.

•Remotely download and debug a program over an Ethernet connection using the

RabbitLink EG2110.

•Fast copy designated portions of flash memory from one Rabbit-based board (the

master) to another (the slave) using the Rabbit Cloning Board.

Alternate Uses of the Programming Port

All three clocked Serial Port A signals are available as

•a synchronous serial port

•an asynchronous serial port, with the clock line usable as a general CMOS I/O pin

The programming port may also be used as a serial port via the DIAG connector on the

programming cable.

In addition to Serial Port A, the Rabbit 4000 startup-mode (SMODE0, SMODE1), status,

and reset pins are available on the programming port.

The two startup-mode pins determine what happens after a reset—the Rabbit 4000 is

either cold-booted or the program begins executing at address 0x0000.

The status pin is used by Dynamic C to determine whether a Rabbit microprocessor is

present. The status output has three different programmable functions:

1. It can be driven low on the first op code fetch cycle.

2. It can be driven low during an interrupt acknowledge cycle.

3. It can also serve as a general-purpose output once a program has been downloaded and

is running.

The reset pin is an external input that is used to reset the Rabbit 4000.

Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information.

User’s Manual 33

4.3 Programming Cable

The programming cable is used to connect the programming port of the RCM4000 to a PC

serial COM port. The programming cable converts the RS-232 voltage levels used by the

PC serial port to the CMOS voltage levels used by the Rabbit 4000.

When the

PROG connector on the programming cable is connected to the programming

port on the RCM4000, programs can be downloaded and debugged over the serial interface.

The DIAG connector of the programming cable may be used on header J1 of the RCM4000

with the RCM4000 operating in the Run Mode. This allows the programming port to be

used as a regular serial port.

4.3.1 Changing Between Program Mode and Run Mode

The RCM4000 is automatically in Program Mode when the PROG connector on the pro-

gramming cable is attached, and is automatically in Run Mode when no programming

cable is attached. When the Rabbit 4000 is reset, the operating mode is determined by the

status of the SMODE pins. When the programming cable’s PROG connector is attached,

the SMODE pins are pulled high, placing the Rabbit 4000 in the Program Mode. When the

programming cable’s PROG connector is not attached, the SMODE pins are pulled low,

causing the Rabbit 4000 to operate in the Run Mode.

Figure 9. Switching Between Program Mode and Run Mode

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29 CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RX65 RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19 C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11 R12

RX47

RX43

R34

C12

C14

C15

C11

R20

C41 R35

DS1

DS2

R37

R36

ACT LINK

C72 Y3

C71

U17

C66

R46

U18

R47

C53

C54

C52

C51

C50

C49

C47

C48

C42

C43

C34

C35

Y1 U5

R25

C33

R24

C20 Q1

C18

C16

C13

R1 R2

R51

C10

U1 R9 R10

JP1

JP3

JP2

C22

C23

RP2

R43

R27

R28

JP4

R33 R32

R31

R48

C55

C56 C46 C45C44

R30

C38

C36

R26

C32

C30

C31

R29

C29

C28

C26

C27

C24

C25

RESET

3-pin

power connector

Colored

edge

PC COM port

Blue

shrink wrap

PROG

DIAG

Programming

Cable

PROG

RESET RCM4000 when changing mode:

Press RESET button (if using Prototyping Board), OR

Remove, then reapply power

after removing or attaching programming cable.

34 RabbitCore RCM4000

A program “runs” in either mode, but can only be downloaded and debugged when the

RCM4000 is in the Program Mode.

Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information on the pro-

gramming port.

4.3.2 Standalone Operation of the RCM4000

Once the RCM4000 has been programmed successfully, remove the programming cable

from the programming connector and reset the RCM4000. The RCM4000 may be reset by

removing, then reapplying power, or by pressing the RESET button on the Prototyping

Board. The RCM4000 module may now be removed from the Prototyping Board for end-

use installation.

CAUTION: Power to the Prototyping Board or other boards should be disconnected

when removing or installing your RCM4000 module to protect against inadvertent

shorts across the pins or damage to the RCM4000 if the pins are not plugged in cor-

rectly. Do not reapply power until you have verified that the RCM4000 module is

plugged in correctly.

User’s Manual 35

4.4 A/D Converter (RCM4000 only)

The RCM4000 has an onboard ADS7870 A/D converter whose scaling and filtering are

done via the motherboard on which the RCM4000 module is mounted. The A/D converter

multiplexes converted signals from eight single-ended or four differential inputs to Serial

Port B on the Rabbit 4000.

The eight analog input pins, LN0–LN7, each have an input impedance of 6–7 MΩ,

depending on whether they are used as single-ended or differential inputs. The input signal

can range from -2 V to +2 V (differential mode) or from 0 V to +2 V (single-ended mode).

Use a resistor divider such as the one shown in Figure 10 for the analog inputs.

Figure 10. Resistor Divider Network for Analog Inputs

The R1 resistors are typically 20 kΩ to 100 kΩ, with a lower resistance leading to more

accuracy, but at the expense of a higher current draw. The R0 resistors would then be

180 kΩ to 900 kΩ for a 10:1 attenuator. The capacitor filters noise pulses on the A/D

converter input.

The actual voltage range for a signal going to the A/D converter input is also affected by

the 1, 2, 4, 5. 8, 10, 16, and 20 V/V software-programmable gains available on each channel

of the ADS7870 A/D converter. Thus, you must scale the analog signal with an attenuator

circuit and a software-programmable gain so that the actual input presented to the A/D

converter is within the range limits of the ADS7870 A/D converter chip (-2 V to + 2 V or

0 V to + 2 V).

The A/D converter chip can only accept positive voltages. With the R1 resistors connected

to ground, your analog circuit is well-suited to perform positive A/D conversions. When

the R1 resistors are tied to ground for differential measurements, both differential inputs

must be referenced to analog ground, and both inputs must be positive with respect to

analog ground.

LN0

AGND

LN1 ADC

BVREF

CR1

ADC

(RCM4000)

36 RabbitCore RCM4000

If a device such as a battery is

connected across two channels

for a differential measurement,

and it is not referenced to

analog ground, then the current

from the device will flow

through both sets of attenuator

resistors as shown in Figure 11.

This will generate a negative

voltage at one of the inputs,

LN1, which will almost cer-

tainly lead to inaccurate A/D

conversions. To make such dif-

ferential measurements, connect the R1 resistors to the A/D converter’s internal reference

voltage, which is software-configurable for 1.15 V, 2.048 V, or 2.5 V. This internal reference

voltage is available on pin 49 of header J3 as VREF, and allows you to convert analog

input voltages that are negative with respect to analog ground.

NOTE: The amplifier inside the A/D converter’s internal voltage reference circuit has a

very limited output-current capability. The internal buffer can source up to 20 mA and

sink only up to 20 µA. Use a separate buffer amplifier if you need to supply any load

current.

The A/D converter’s CONVERT pin is available on pin 48 of header J3 and can be used as

a hardware means of forcing the A/D converter to start a conversion cycle. The CONVERT

signal is an edge-triggered event and has a hold time of two CCLK periods for debounce.

A conversion is started by an active (rising) edge on the CONVERT pin. The CONVERT

pin must stay low for at least two CCLK periods before going high for at least two CCLK

periods. Figure 12 shows the timing of a conversion start. The double falling arrow on

CCLK indicates the actual start of the conversion cycle.

Figure 12. Timing Diagram for Conversion Start Using CONVERT Pin

Appendix B explains the implementation examples of these features on the Prototyping

Board.

Figure 11. Current Flow from Ungrounded

or Floating Source

2.2 nF

R14

R13

2.2 nF

ADC

AIN0

AIN1



LN0

LN1

Device

CCLK

BUSY

CONV

Conversion starts

User’s Manual 37

4.4.1 A/D Converter Power Supply

The analog section is isolated from digital noise generated by other components by way of a

low-pass filter composed of C1, L1, and C3 on the RCM4000 as shown in Figure 13. The

+V analog power supply powers the A/D converter chip.

Figure 13. Analog Supply Circuit

+3.3 V

2.2 nF

100 nF

38 RabbitCore RCM4000

4.5 Other Hardware

4.5.1 Clock Doubler

The RCM4000 takes advantage of the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler.

A built-in clock doubler allows half-frequency crystals to be used to reduce radiated emis-

sions. The 58.98 MHz frequency specified for the RCM4000 is generated using a

29.49 MHz crystal.

The clock doubler may be disabled if 58.98 MHz clock speeds are not required. Disabling

the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler will reduce power consumption

and further reduce radiated emissions. The clock doubler is disabled with a simple global

macro as shown below.

4.5.2 Spectrum Spreader

The Rabbit 4000 features a spectrum spreader, which helps to mitigate EMI problems. By

default, the spectrum spreader is on automatically, but it may also be turned off or set to a

stronger setting. The means for doing so is through a simple global macro as shown below.

NOTE: Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual for more information

on the spectrum-spreading setting and the maximum clock speed.

1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.

2. Add the line

CLOCK_DOUBLED=0

to always disable the clock doubler.

3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are

in the project file where you defined the macro.

1. Select the “Defines” tab from the Dynamic C Options > Project Options menu.

2. For normal spreading, add the line

ENABLE_SPREADER=1

For strong spreading, add the line

ENABLE_SPREADER=2

NOTE: The strong spectrum-spreading setting is not recommended since it may limit

the maximum clock speed or the maximum baud rate. It is unlikely that the strong set-

ting will be used in a real application.

3. Click OK to save the macro. The clock doubler will now remain off whenever you are

in the project file where you defined the macro.

User’s Manual 39

4.6 Memory

4.6.1 SRAM

RCM4000 modules have 512K of data SRAM installed at U16.

4.6.2 Flash EPROM

All RCM4000 modules also have 512K of flash EPROM installed at U3.

NOTE: Rabbit Semiconductor recommends that any customer applications should not be

constrained by the sector size of the flash EPROM since it may be necessary to change

the sector size in the future.

Writing to arbitrary flash memory addresses at run time is discouraged. Instead, define a

“user block” area to store persistent data. The functions writeUserBlock and

readUserBlock are provided for this. Refer to the Rabbit 4000 Microprocessor

Designer’s Handbook for additional information.

4.6.3 NAND Flash

The RCM4000 model has a NAND flash to store data and Web pages. The NAND flash is

particularly suitable for mass-storage applications, but is generally unsuitable for direct

program execution. The NAND flash differs from parallel NOR flash (the type of flash

memory used to store program code on Rabbit-based boards and RabbitCore modules

currently in production) in two respects. First, the NAND flash requires error-correcting

code (ECC) for reliability. Although NAND flash manufacturers do guarantee that block 0

will be error-free, most manufacturers guarantee that a new NAND flash chip will be

shipped with a relatively small percentage of errors, and will not develop more than some

maximum number or percentage of errors over its rated lifetime of up to 100,000 writes.

Second, the standard NAND flash addressing method multiplexes commands, data, and

addresses on the same I/O pins, while requiring that certain control lines must be held sta-

ble for the duration of the NAND flash access. The software function calls provided by

Rabbit Semiconductor for the NAND flash take care of the data-integrity and reliability

attributes.

Sample programs in the SAMPLES\RCM4000\NANDFlash folder illustrate the use of

the NAND flash. These sample programs are described in Section 3.2.1, “Use of NAND

Flash.”

40 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 41

5. SOFTWARE REFERENCE

Dynamic C is an integrated development system for writing

embedded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is

designed for use with single-board computers and other devices

based on the Rabbit microprocessor. Chapter 5 describes the

libraries and function calls related to the RCM4000.

5.1 More About Dynamic C

Dynamic C has been in use worldwide since 1989. It is specially designed for program-

ming embedded systems, and features quick compile and interactive debugging. A com-

plete reference guide to Dynamic C is contained in the Dynamic C User’s Manual.

You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the static

SRAM included on the RCM4000. The flash memory and SRAM options are selected with

the Options > Program Options > Compiler menu.

The advantage of working in RAM is to save wear on the flash memory, which is limited

to about 100,000 write cycles. The disadvantage is that the code and data might not both

fit in RAM.

NOTE: An application can be compiled directly to the battery-backed data SRAM on the

RCM4000 module, but should be run from the program execution SRAM after the

serial programming cable is disconnected. Your final code must always be stored in

flash memory for reliable operation. RCM4000 modules have a fast program execution

SRAM that is not battery-backed. Select Code and BIOS in Flash, Run in RAM from

the Dynamic C Options > Project Options > Compiler menu to store the code in

flash and copy it to the fast program execution SRAM at run-time to take advantage of

the faster clock speed. This option optimizes the performance of RCM4000 modules

running at 58.98 MHz.

NOTE: Do not depend on the flash memory sector size or type in your program logic.

The RCM4000 and Dynamic C were designed to accommodate flash devices with

various sector sizes in response to the volatility of the flash-memory market.

Developing software with Dynamic C is simple. Users can write, compile, and test C and

assembly code without leaving the Dynamic C development environment. Debugging

occurs while the application runs on the target. Alternatively, users can compile a program

to an image file for later loading. Dynamic C runs on PCs under Windows 95 and later.

Programs can be downloaded at baud rates of up to 460,800 bps after the program compiles.

42 RabbitCore RCM4000

Dynamic C has a number of standard features.

•Full-feature source and/or assembly-level debugger, no in-circuit emulator required.

•Royalty-free TCP/IP stack with source code and most common protocols.

•Hundreds of functions in source-code libraries and sample programs:

XExceptionally fast support for floating-point arithmetic and transcendental functions.

XRS-232 and RS-485 serial communication.

XAnalog and digital I/O drivers.

XI2C, SPI, GPS, file system.

XLCD display and keypad drivers.

•Powerful language extensions for cooperative or preemptive multitasking

•Loader utility program to load binary images into Z-World targets in the absence of

Dynamic C.

•Provision for customers to create their own source code libraries and augment on-line

help by creating “function description” block comments using a special format for

library functions.

•Standard debugging features:

XBreakpoints—Set breakpoints that can disable interrupts.

XSingle-stepping—Step into or over functions at a source or machine code level, µC/OS-II aware.

XCode disassembly—The disassembly window displays addresses, opcodes, mnemonics, and

machine cycle times. Switch between debugging at machine-code level and source-code level by

simply opening or closing the disassembly window.

XWatch expressions—Watch expressions are compiled when defined, so complex expressions

including function calls may be placed into watch expressions. Watch expressions can be updated

with or without stopping program execution.

XRegister window—All processor registers and flags are displayed. The contents of general registers

may be modified in the window by the user.

XStack window—shows the contents of the top of the stack.

XHex memory dump—displays the contents of memory at any address.

XSTDIO window—printf outputs to this window and keyboard input on the host PC can be

detected for debugging purposes. printf output may also be sent to a serial port or file.

User’s Manual 43

5.2 Dynamic C Function Calls

5.2.1 Digital I/O

The RCM4000 was designed to interface with other systems, and so there are no drivers

written specifically for the I/O. The general Dynamic C read and write functions allow

you to customize the parallel I/O to meet your specific needs. For example, use

WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow, 0x00);

to set all the Port E bits as inputs, or use

WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow, 0xFF);

to set all the Port E bits as outputs.

When using the auxiliary I/O bus on the Rabbit 4000 chip, add the line

#define PORTA_AUX_IO // required to enable auxiliary I/O bus

to the beginning of any programs using the auxiliary I/O bus.

The sample programs in the Dynamic C

SAMPLES/RCM4000

folder provide further

examples.

5.2.2 Serial Communication Drivers

Library files included with Dynamic C provide a full range of serial communications sup-

port. The

RS232.LIB

library provides a set of circular-buffer-based serial functions. The

PACKET.LIB

library provides packet-based serial functions where packets can be delimited

by the 9th bit, by transmission gaps, or with user-defined special characters. Both libraries

provide blocking functions, which do not return until they are finished transmitting or

receiving, and nonblocking functions, which must be called repeatedly until they are fin-

ished, allowing other functions to be performed between calls. For more information, see

the Dynamic C Function Reference Manual and Technical Note TN213, Rabbit Serial

Port Software.

5.2.3 SRAM Use

The RCM4000 module has a battery-backed data SRAM and a program-execution

SRAM. Dynamic C provides the

protected

keyword to identify variables that are to be

placed into the battery-backed SRAM. The compiler generates code that maintains two

copies of each protected variable in the battery-backed SRAM. The compiler also generates

a flag to indicate which copy of the protected variable is valid at the current time. This flag

is also stored in the battery-backed SRAM. When a protected variable is updated, the

“inactive” copy is modified, and is made “active” only when the update is 100% complete.

This assures the integrity of the data in case a reset or a power failure occurs during the

update process. At power-on the application program uses the active copy of the variable

pointed to by its associated flag.

44 RabbitCore RCM4000

The sample code below shows how a protected variable is defined and how its value can

be restored.

main() {

protected int state1, state2, state3;

...

_sysIsSoftReset(); // restore any protected variables

The

bbram

keyword may also be used instead if there is a need to store a variable in

battery-backed SRAM without affecting the performance of the application program. Data

integrity is not assured when a reset or power failure occurs during the update process.

Additional information on

bbram

and

protected

variables is available in the Dynamic C

User’s Manual.

User’s Manual 45

5.2.4 Prototyping Board Functions

The functions described in this section are for use with the Prototyping Board features.

The source code is in the Dynamic C LIB\RCM4xxx\RCM40xx.LIB library if you need

to modify it for your own board design.

NOTE: The analog input function calls are supported only by the RCM4000 model since

the RCM4010 does not have an A/D converter.

Other generic functions applicable to all devices based on Rabbit microprocessors are

described in the Dynamic C Function Reference Manual.

5.2.4.1 Board Initialization

Call this function at the beginning of your program. This function initializes Parallel Ports A through E

for use with the Prototyping Board.

Summary of Initialization

1. I/O port pins are configured for Prototyping Board operation.

2. Unused configurable I/O are set as tied outputs.

3. RS-232 is not enabled.

4. LEDs are off.

5. The slave port is disabled.

RETURN VALUE

None.

void brdInit (void);

46 RabbitCore RCM4000

5.2.4.2 Alerts

Polls the real-time clock until a timeout occurs. The RCM4000 will be in a low-power mode during this

time. Once the timeout occurs, this function call will enable the normal power source. The A/D converter

oscillator will be disabled and enabled.

PARAMETERS

timeout

is the duration of the timeout in seconds

RETURN VALUE

None.

SEE ALSO

brdInit

Polls a digital input for a set value or until a timeout occurs. The RCM4000 will be in a low-power mode

during this time. Once a timeout occurs or the correct byte is received, this function call will enable the

normal power source and exit.

PARAMETERS

dataport is the input port data register to poll (e.g., PADR).

portbit is the input port bit (0–7) to poll.

value is the value of 0 or 1 to receive.

timeout

is the duration of the timeout in seconds (enter 0 for no timeout).

RETURN VALUE

None.

void timedAlert(unsigned long timeout);

void digInAlert(int dataport, int portbit,

int value, unsigned long timeout);

User’s Manual 47

5.2.5 Analog Inputs (RCM4000 only)

Use this function to configure the A/D converter. This function will address the A/D converter in

additional addressing and command information.

unsigned int anaInConfig(unsigned int

instructionbyte, unsigned int cmd, long baud);

ADS7870 Signal ADS7870 State RCM3400 Function/State

LN0 Input AIN0

LN1 Input AIN1

LN2 Input AIN2

LN3 Input AIN3

LN4 Input AIN4

LN5 Input AIN5

LN6 Input AIN6

LN7 Input AIN7

/RESET Input Board reset device

RISE/FALL Input Pulled up for SCLK active on rising edge

PIO0 Input Pulled down

PIO1 Input Pulled down

PIO2 Input Pulled down

PIO3 Input Pulled down

CONVERT Input Pulled down when not driven

BUSY Output PE0 pulled down; logic high state converter is busy

CCLKCNTRL Input Pulled down; 0 state sets CCLK as input

CCLK Input Pulled down; external conversion clock

SCLK Input PB0; serial data transfer clock

SDI Input PC4; 3-wire mode for serial data input

SDO Output PC5; serial data output /CS driven

/CS Input BUFEN pulled up; active-low enables serial interface

BUFIN Input Driven by VREF

VREF Output Connected to BUFIN and BUFOUT

BUFOUT Output Driven by VREF

48 RabbitCore RCM4000

PARAMETERS

instructionbyte

is the instruction byte that will initiate a read or write operation at 8 or 16 bits on

the designated register address. For example,

checkid = anaInConfig(0x5F, 0, 9600); // read ID and set baud rate

cmd

are the command data that configure the registers addressed by the instruction byte. Enter 0 if you

are performing a read operation. For example,

i = anaInConfig(0x07, 0x3b, 0); // write ref/osc reg and enable

baud

is the serial clock transfer rate of 9600 to 57,600 bps.

baud

must be set the first time this function

is called. Enter 0 for this parameter thereafter, for example,

anaInConfig(0x00, 0x00, 9600); // resets device and sets baud

RETURN VALUE

0 on write operations,

data value on read operations

SEE ALSO

anaInDriver, anaIn, brdInit

User’s Manual 49

Reads the voltage of an analog input channel by serial-clocking an 8-bit command to the A/D converter

by its Direct Mode method. This function assumes that Mode1 (most significant byte first) and the A/D

converter oscillator have been enabled. See

anaInConfig()

for the setup.

The conversion begins immediately after the last data bit has been transferred. An exception error will

occur if Direct Mode bit D7 is not set.

PARAMETERS

cmd contains a gain code and a channel code as follows.

D7—1; D6–D4—Gain Code; D3–D0—Channel Code

Use the following calculation and the tables below to determine cmd:

cmd = 0x80 | (gain_code*16) + channel_code

len, the output bit length, is always 12 for 11-bit conversions

unsigned int anaInDriver(unsigned int cmd,

unsigned int len);

Gain Code Multiplier

0×1

1×2

2×4

3×5

4×8

5×10

6×16

7×20

Channel Code Differential Input

Lines Channel Code Single-Ended

Input Lines*

* Negative input is ground.

4–20 mA

Lines

0+AIN0 -AIN1 8AIN0 AIN0*

1+AIN2 -AIN3 9AIN1 AIN1*

2+AIN4 -AIN5 10 AIN2 AIN2*

3†

† Not accessible on Prototyping Board

+AIN6 -AIN7 11 AIN3 AIN3

4-AIN0 +AIN1 12 AIN4 AIN4

5-AIN2 +AIN3 13 AIN5 AIN5

6-AIN4 +AIN5 14 AIN6 AIN6

7‡

‡ Not accessible on Prototyping Board

-AIN6 +AIN7 15 AIN7 AIN7*

50 RabbitCore RCM4000

RETURN VALUE

A value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel:

0–2047 for 11-bit conversions (bit 12 for sign)

-1 overflow or out of range

-2 conversion incomplete, busy bit timeout

SEE ALSO

anaInConfig, anaIn, brdInit

User’s Manual 51

Reads the value of an analog input channel using the Direct Mode method of addressing the A/D

converter. Note that it takes about 1 second to ensure an internal capacitor on the A/D converter is

charged when the function is called the first time.

PARAMETERS

channel

is the channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

opmode

is the mode of operation:

SINGLE

—single-ended input

DIFF

—differential input

mAMP

—4–20 mA input

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7 (applies only to Prototyping Board):

RETURN VALUE

A value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel:

0–2047 for 11-bit A/D conversions (bit 12 for sign)

ADOVERFLOW

(defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range

ADTIMEOUT

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout

SEE ALSO

anaIn, anaInConfig, anaInDriver

unsigned int anaIn(unsigned int channel,

int opmode, int gaincode);

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0+AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 +AIN0*

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

1+AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2+AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2*

3+AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3

4+AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4

5+AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5

6+AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6

7+AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

Gain Code Multiplier Voltage Range

(V)

0×1 0–22.5

1×2 0–11.25

2×4 0–5.6

3×5 0–4.5

4×8 0–2.8

5×10 0–2.25

6×16 0–1.41

7×20 0–1.126

52 RabbitCore RCM4000

Calibrates the response of the desired A/D converter channel as a linear function using the two conver-

sion points provided. Four values are calculated and placed into global tables

_adcCalibS

_adcCalibD

, and

adcCalibM

to be later stored into simulated EEPROM using the function

anaInEEWr()

. Each channel will have a linear constant and a voltage offset.

PARAMETERS

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

opmode is the mode of operation:

SINGLE—single-ended input

DIFF—differential input

mAMP—milliamp input

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7:

int anaInCalib(int channel, int opmode,

int gaincode, int value1, float volts1,

int value2, float volts2);

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0+AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 +AIN0*

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

1+AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2+AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2*

3+AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3

4+AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4

5+AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5

6+AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6

7+AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

Gain Code Multiplier Voltage Range*

(V)

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

0×1 0–22.5

1×2 0–11.25

2×4 0–5.6

3×5 0–4.5

4×8 0–2.8

5×10 0–2.25

6×16 0–1.41

7×20 0–1.126

User’s Manual 53

value1 is the first A/D converter channel raw count value

volts1 is the voltage or current corresponding to the first A/D converter channel value (0 to +20 V or

4to 20 mA)

value2 is the second A/D converter channel raw count value

volts2 is the voltage or current corresponding to the first A/D converter channel value (0 to +20 V or

4to 20 mA)

RETURN VALUE

0 if successful.

-1 if not able to make calibration constants.

SEE ALSO

anaIn, anaInVolts, anaInmAmps, anaInDiff, anaInCalib, brdInit

54 RabbitCore RCM4000

Reads the state of a single-ended analog input channel and uses the previously set calibration constants to

convert it to volts.

PARAMETERS

channel is the channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7.

RETURN VALUE

A voltage value corresponding to the voltage on the analog input channel.

ADOVERFLOW (defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range.

ADTIMEOUT

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout.

SEE ALSO

anaInCalib, anaIn, anaInmAmps, brdInit

float anaInVolts(unsigned int channel,

unsigned int gaincode);

Channel Code Single-Ended

Input Lines*

* Negative input is ground.

Voltage Range†

(V)

† Applies to Prototyping Board.

0+AIN0 0–22.5

1+AIN1 0–22.5

2+AIN2 0–22.5

3+AIN3 0–22.5

4+AIN4 0–22.5

5+AIN5 0–22.5

6+AIN6 0–22.5

7+AIN7 0–2‡

‡ Used for thermistor in sample program.

Gain Code Multiplier Voltage Range*

(V)

* Applies to RCM3400 Prototyping Board.

0×1 0–22.5

1×2 0–11.25

2×4 0–5.6

3×5 0–4.5

4×8 0–2.8

5×10 0–2.25

6×16 0–1.41

7×20 0–1.126

User’s Manual 55

Reads the state of differential analog input channels and uses the previously set calibration constants to

convert it to volts.

PARAMETERS

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7.

RETURN VALUE

A voltage value corresponding to the voltage differential on the analog input channel.

ADOVERFLOW (defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range.

ADTIMEOUT

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout.

SEE ALSO

anaInCalib, anaIn, anaInmAmps, brdInit

float anaInDiff(unsigned int channel,

unsigned int gaincode);

channel DIFF Voltage Range

(V)

0+AIN0 -AIN1 -22.5 to +22.5*

* Accessible on Prototyping Board.

1+AIN1 -AIN1 —

2+AIN2 -AIN3 -22.5 to +22.5*

3+AIN3 -AIN3 —

4+AIN4 -AIN5 -22.5 to +22.5*

5+AIN5 -AIN5 —

6+AIN6 -AIN7 —

7+AIN7 -AIN7 —

Gain Code Multiplier Voltage Range*

(V)

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

0×1 -22.5 – +22.5

1×2 -11.25 – +11.25

2×4 -5.6 – +5.6

3×5 -4.5 – +4.5

4×8 -2.8 – +2.8

5×10 -2.25 – +2.25

6×16 -1.41 – +1.41

7×20 -1.126 – +1.126

56 RabbitCore RCM4000

Reads the state of an analog input channel and uses the previously set calibration constants to convert it

to current.

PARAMETERS

channel is the channel number (0–7):

RETURN VALUE

A current value between 4.00 and 20.00 mA corresponding to the current on the analog input channel.

ADOVERFLOW (defined macro = -4096) if overflow or out of range.

ADTIMEOUT

(defined macro = -4095) if conversion is incomplete or busy-bit timeout.

SEE ALSO

anaInCalib, anaIn, anaInVolts

float anaInmAmps(unsigned int channel);

Channel Code 4–20 mA

Input Lines*

* Negative input is ground.

0+AIN0

1+AIN1

2+AIN2

3+AIN3†

† Applies to Prototyping Board.

4+AIN4*

5+AIN5*

6+AIN6*

7+AIN7

User’s Manual 57

Reads the calibration constants, gain, and offset for an input based on their designated position in the

flash memory, and places them into global tables

_adcCalibS

_adcCalibD

, and

_adcCalibM

for

analog inputs. Depending on the flash size, the following macros can be used to identify the starting

address for these locations.

ADC_CALIB_ADDRS, address start of single-ended analog input channels

ADC_CALIB_ADDRD, address start of differential analog input channels

ADC_CALIB_ADDRM, address start of milliamp analog input channels

NOTE: This function cannot be run in RAM.

PARAMETER

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN.

opmode is the mode of operation:

SINGLE—single-ended input line

DIFF—differential input line

mAMP—milliamp input line

root int anaInEERd(unsigned int channel,

unsigned int opmode, unsigned int gaincode);

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0+AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 +AIN0*

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

1+AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2+AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2*

3+AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3

4+AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4

5+AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5

6+AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6

7+AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

ALLCHAN read all channels for selected opmode

58 RabbitCore RCM4000

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7. The gaincode parameter is ignored when channel is ALLCHAN.

RETURN VALUE

0 if successful.

-1 if address is invalid or out of range.

SEE ALSO

anaInEEWr, anaInCalib

Gain Code Voltage Range*

(V)

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

00–22.5

10–11.25

20–5.6

30–4.5

40–2.8

50–2.25

60–1.41

70–1.126

User’s Manual 59

Writes the calibration constants, gain, and offset for an input based from global tables

_adcCalibS

_adcCalibD

, and

_adcCalibM

to designated positions in the flash memory. Depending on the flash

size, the following macros can be used to identify the starting address for these locations.

ADC_CALIB_ADDRS, address start of single-ended analog input channels

ADC_CALIB_ADDRD, address start of differential analog input channels

ADC_CALIB_ADDRM, address start of milliamp analog input channels

NOTE: This function cannot be run in RAM.

PARAMETER

channel is the analog input channel number (0 to 7) corresponding to LN0_IN to LN7_IN.

opmode is the mode of operation:

SINGLE—single-ended input line

DIFF—differential input line

mAMP—milliamp input line

int anaInEEWr(unsigned int channel, int opmode

unsigned int gaincode);

channel SINGLE DIFF mAMP

0+AIN0 +AIN0 -AIN1 +AIN0*

* Not accessible on Prototyping Board.

1+AIN1 +AIN1 -AIN0* +AIN1*

2+AIN2 +AIN2 -AIN3 +AIN2*

3+AIN3 +AIN3 -AIN2* +AIN3

4+AIN4 +AIN4 -AIN5 +AIN4

5+AIN5 +AIN5 -AIN4* +AIN5

6+AIN6 +AIN6 -AIN7* +AIN6

7+AIN7 +AIN7 -AIN6* +AIN7*

ALLCHAN read all channels for selected opmode

60 RabbitCore RCM4000

gaincode is the gain code of 0 to 7. The gaincode parameter is ignored when channel is ALLCHAN.

RETURN VALUE

0 if successful

-1 if address is invalid or out of range.

SEE ALSO

anaInEEWr, anaInCalib

Gain Code Voltage Range*

(V)

* Applies to Prototyping Board.

00–22.5

10–11.25

20–5.6

30–4.5

40–2.8

50–2.25

60–1.41

70–1.126

User’s Manual 61

5.3 Upgrading Dynamic C

Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are available from time to time. Check the Web

sites

•www.zworld.com/support/

•www.rabbitsemiconductor.com/support/

for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.

5.3.1 Add-On Modules

Dynamic C installations are designed for use with the board they are included with, and

are included at no charge as part of our low-cost kits. Z-World offers for purchase add-on

Dynamic C modules including the popular µC/OS-II real-time operating system, as well

as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), FAT file system, RabbitWeb, and other

select libraries.

NOTE: Version 2.10 or later of the Dynamic C FAT file system module is required for

the RCM3365 and RCM3375 models.

Each Dynamic C add-on module has complete documentation and sample programs to

illustrate the functionality of the software calls in the module. Visit our Web site at

www.rabbit.com for further information and complete documentation for each module.

In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year

telephone-based technical support module is also available for purchase.

62 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 63

6. USING THE TCP/IP FEATURES

6.1 TCP/IP Connections

Programming and development can be done with the RCM4000 without connecting the

Ethernet port to a network. However, if you will be running the sample programs that use

the Ethernet capability or will be doing Ethernet-enabled development, you should connect

the RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port at this time.

Before proceeding you will need to have the following items.

•If you don’t have Ethernet access, you will need at least a 10Base-T Ethernet card

(available from your favorite computer supplier) installed in a PC.

•Two RJ-45 straight-through Ethernet cables and a hub, or an RJ-45 crossover Ethernet

cable.

Figure 14 shows how to identify the two Ethernet cables based on the wires in the trans-

parent RJ-45 connectors.

Figure 14. How to Identify Straight-Through and Crossover Ethernet Cables

Ethernet cables and a 10Base-T Ethernet hub are available from Rabbit Semiconductor in

a TCP/IP tool kit. More information is available at www.rabbit.com.

Now you should be able to make your connections.

Crossover

Cable

Straight-

Through

Cable

Same

color order

in connectors

Different

color order

in connectors

64 RabbitCore RCM4000

1. Connect the AC adapter and the serial programming cable as shown in Chapter 2, “Get-

ting Started.”

2. Ethernet Connections

There are four options for connecting the RCM4000 module to a network for develop-

ment and runtime purposes. The first two options permit total freedom of action in

selecting network addresses and use of the “network,” as no action can interfere with

other users. We recommend one of these options for initial development.

•No LAN — The simplest alternative for desktop development. Connect the RCM4000

module’s Ethernet port directly to the PC’s network interface card using an RJ-45

crossover cable. A crossover cable is a special cable that flips some connections

between the two connectors and permits direct connection of two client systems. A

standard RJ-45 network cable will not work for this purpose.

•Micro-LAN — Another simple alternative for desktop development. Use a small Eth-

ernet 10Base-T hub and connect both the PC’s network interface card and the

RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port to it using standard network cables.

The following options require more care in address selection and testing actions, as

conflicts with other users, servers and systems can occur:

•LAN — Connect the RCM4000 module’s Ethernet port to an existing LAN, preferably

one to which the development PC is already connected. You will need to obtain IP

addressing information from your network administrator.

•WAN — The RCM4000 is capable of direct connection to the Internet and other Wide

Area Networks, but exceptional care should be used with IP address settings and all

network-related programming and development. We recommend that development and

debugging be done on a local network before connecting a RabbitCore system to the

Internet.

TIP: Checking and debugging the initial setup on a micro-LAN is recommended before

connecting the system to a LAN or WAN.

The PC running Dynamic C does not need to be the PC with the Ethernet card.

3. Apply Power

Plug in the AC adapter. The RCM4000 module and Prototyping Board are now ready to

be used.

User’s Manual 65

6.2 TCP/IP Primer on IP Addresses

Obtaining IP addresses to interact over an existing, operating, network can involve a num-

ber of complications, and must usually be done with cooperation from your ISP and/or

network systems administrator. For this reason, it is suggested that the user begin instead

by using a direct connection between a PC and the RCM4000 using an Ethernet crossover

cable or a simple arrangement with a hub. (A crossover cable should not be confused with

regular straight through cables.)

In order to set up this direct connection, the user will have to use a PC without networking,

or disconnect a PC from the corporate network, or install a second Ethernet adapter and set

up a separate private network attached to the second Ethernet adapter. Disconnecting your

PC from the corporate network may be easy or nearly impossible, depending on how it is

set up. If your PC boots from the network or is dependent on the network for some or all

of its disks, then it probably should not be disconnected. If a second Ethernet adapter is

used, be aware that Windows TCP/IP will send messages to one adapter or the other,

depending on the IP address and the binding order in Microsoft products. Thus you should

have different ranges of IP addresses on your private network from those used on the cor-

porate network. If both networks service the same IP address, then Windows may send a

packet intended for your private network to the corporate network. A similar situation will

take place if you use a dial-up line to send a packet to the Internet. Windows may try to

send it via the local Ethernet network if it is also valid for that network.

The following IP addresses are set aside for local networks and are not allowed on the

Internet: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to

192.168.255.255.

The RCM4000 uses a 10Base-T type of Ethernet connection, which is the most common

scheme. The RJ-45 connectors are similar to U.S. style telephone connectors, except they

are larger and have 8 contacts.

An alternative to the direct connection using a crossover cable is a direct connection using

a hub. The hub relays packets received on any port to all of the ports on the hub. Hubs are

low in cost and are readily available. The RCM4000 uses 10 Mbps Ethernet, so the hub or

Ethernet adapter can be a 10 Mbps unit or a 10/100 Mbps unit.

In a corporate setting where the Internet is brought in via a high-speed line, there are typi-

cally machines between the outside Internet and the internal network. These machines

include a combination of proxy servers and firewalls that filter and multiplex Internet traf-

fic. In the configuration below, the RCM4000 could be given a fixed address so any of the

computers on the local network would be able to contact it. It may be possible to configure

the firewall or proxy server to allow hosts on the Internet to directly contact the controller,

but it would probably be easier to place the controller directly on the external network out-

side of the firewall. This avoids some of the configuration complications by sacrificing

some security.

66 RabbitCore RCM4000

If your system administrator can give you an Ethernet cable along with its IP address, the

netmask and the gateway address, then you may be able to run the sample programs with-

out having to setup a direct connection between your computer and the RCM4000. You

will also need the IP address of the nameserver, the name or IP address of your mail

server, and your domain name for some of the sample programs.

Hub(s)

Firewall

Proxy

Server

T1 in Adapter

Ethernet Ethernet

Network

RCM4000

System

Typical Corporate Network

User’s Manual 67

6.2.1 IP Addresses Explained

IP (Internet Protocol) addresses are expressed as 4 decimal numbers separated by periods,

for example:

216.103.126.155

10.1.1.6

Each decimal number must be between 0 and 255. The total IP address is a 32-bit number

consisting of the 4 bytes expressed as shown above. A local network uses a group of adja-

cent IP addresses. There are always 2N IP addresses in a local network. The netmask (also

called subnet mask) determines how many IP addresses belong to the local network. The

netmask is also a 32-bit address expressed in the same form as the IP address. An example

netmask is:

255.255.255.0

This netmask has 8 zero bits in the least significant portion, and this means that 28

addresses are a part of the local network. Applied to the IP address above

(216.103.126.155), this netmask would indicate that the following IP addresses belong to

the local network:

216.103.126.0

216.103.126.1

216.103.126.2

etc.

216.103.126.254

216.103.126.255

The lowest and highest address are reserved for special purposes. The lowest address

(216.102.126.0) is used to identify the local network. The highest address

(216.102.126.255) is used as a broadcast address. Usually one other address is used for the

address of the gateway out of the network. This leaves 256 - 3 = 253 available IP

addresses for the example given.

68 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.2.2 How IP Addresses are Used

The actual hardware connection via an Ethernet uses Ethernet adapter addresses (also

called MAC addresses). These are 48-bit addresses and are unique for every Ethernet

adapter manufactured. In order to send a packet to another computer, given the IP address

of the other computer, it is first determined if the packet needs to be sent directly to the

other computer or to the gateway. In either case, there is an Ethernet address on the local

network to which the packet must be sent. A table is maintained to allow the protocol

driver to determine the MAC address corresponding to a particular IP address. If the table

is empty, the MAC address is determined by sending an Ethernet broadcast packet to all

devices on the local network asking the device with the desired IP address to answer with

its MAC address. In this way, the table entry can be filled in. If no device answers, then

the device is nonexistent or inoperative, and the packet cannot be sent.

Some IP address ranges are reserved for use on internal networks, and can be allocated

freely as long as no two internal hosts have the same IP address. These internal IP

addresses are not routed to the Internet, and any internal hosts using one of these reserved

IP addresses cannot communicate on the external Internet without being connected to a

host that has a valid Internet IP address. The host would either translate the data, or it

would act as a proxy.

Each RCM4000 RabbitCore module has its own unique MAC address, which consists of

the prefix 0090C2 followed by a code that is unique to each RCM4000 module. For exam-

ple, a MAC address might be 0090C2C002C0.

TIP: You can always obtain the MAC address on your module by running the sample

program DISPLAY_MAC.C from the SAMPLES\TCPIP folder.

User’s Manual 69

6.2.3 Dynamically Assigned Internet Addresses

In many instances, devices on a network do not have fixed IP addresses. This is the case

when, for example, you are assigned an IP address dynamically by your dial-up Internet

service provider (ISP) or when you have a device that provides your IP addresses using

the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). The RCM4000 modules can use such

IP addresses to send and receive packets on the Internet, but you must take into account

that this IP address may only be valid for the duration of the call or for a period of time,

and could be a private IP address that is not directly accessible to others on the Internet.

These addresses can be used to perform some Internet tasks such as sending e-mail or

browsing the Web, but it is more difficult to participate in conversations that originate

elsewhere on the Internet. If you want to find out this dynamically assigned IP address,

under Windows 98 you can run the winipcfg program while you are connected and look

at the interface used to connect to the Internet.

Many networks use IP addresses that are assigned using DHCP. When your computer

comes up, and periodically after that, it requests its networking information from a DHCP

server. The DHCP server may try to give you the same address each time, but a fixed IP

address is usually not guaranteed.

If you are not concerned about accessing the RCM4000 from the Internet, you can place

the RCM4000 on the internal network using an IP address assigned either statically or

through DHCP.

70 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.3 Placing Your Device on the Network

In many corporate settings, users are isolated from the Internet by a firewall and/or a

proxy server. These devices attempt to secure the company from unauthorized network

traffic, and usually work by disallowing traffic that did not originate from inside the net-

work. If you want users on the Internet to communicate with your RCM4000, you have

several options. You can either place the RCM4000 directly on the Internet with a real

Internet address or place it behind the firewall. If you place the RCM4000 behind the fire-

wall, you need to configure the firewall to translate and forward packets from the Internet

to the RCM4000.

User’s Manual 71

6.4 Running TCP/IP Sample Programs

We have provided a number of sample programs demonstrating various uses of TCP/IP for

networking embedded systems. These programs require you to connect your PC and the

RCM4000 module together on the same network. This network can be a local private net-

work (preferred for initial experimentation and debugging), or a connection via the Internet.

User’s PC

Ethernet

crossover

cable

Direct Connection

(network of 2 computers)

Hub

Ethernet

cables

To additional

network

elements

Direct Connection Using a Hub

RCM4000

System RCM4000

System

72 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.4.1 How to Set IP Addresses in the Sample Programs

With the introduction of Dynamic C 7.30 we have taken steps to make it easier to run

many of our sample programs. You will see a TCPCONFIG macro. This macro tells

Dynamic C to select your configuration from a list of default configurations. You will

have three choices when you encounter a sample program with the TCPCONFIG macro.

1. You can replace the TCPCONFIG macro with individual MY_IP_ADDRESS, MY_NET-

MASK, MY_GATEWAY, and MY_NAMESERVER macros in each program.

2. You can leave TCPCONFIG at the usual default of 1, which will set the IP configurations

to 10.10.6.100, the netmask to 255.255.255.0, and the nameserver and gateway

to 10.10.6.1. If you would like to change the default values, for example, to use an IP

address of 10.1.1.2 for the RCM4000 module, and 10.1.1.1 for your PC, you can

edit the values in the section that directly follows the “General Configuration” com-

ment in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library. You will find this library in the LIB\TCPIP

directory.

3. You can create a CUSTOM_CONFIG.LIB library and use a TCPCONFIG value greater

than 100. Instructions for doing this are at the beginning of the TCP_CONFIG.LIB

library in the LIB\TCPIP directory.

There are some other “standard” configurations for TCPCONFIG that let you select differ-

ent features such as DHCP. Their values are documented at the top of the TCP_CON-

FIG.LIB library in the LIB\TCPIP directory. More information is available in the

Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.

User’s Manual 73

6.4.2 How to Set Up your Computer for Direct Connect

Follow these instructions to set up your PC or notebook. Check with your administrator if

you are unable to change the settings as described here since you may need administrator

privileges. The instructions are specifically for Windows 2000, but the interface is similar

for other versions of Windows.

TIP: If you are using a PC that is already on a network, you will disconnect the PC from

that network to run these sample programs. Write down the existing settings before

changing them to facilitate restoring them when you are finished with the sample pro-

grams and reconnect your PC to the network.

1. Go to the control panel (Start > Settings > Control Panel), and then double-click the

Network icon.

2. Select the network interface card used for the Ethernet interface you intend to use (e.g.,

TCP/IP Xircom Credit Card Network Adapter) and click on the “Properties” button.

Depending on which version of Windows your PC is running, you may have to select

the “Local Area Connection” first, and then click on the “Properties” button to bring up

the Ethernet interface dialog. Then “Configure” your interface card for a “10Base-T

Half-Duplex” or an “Auto-Negotiation” connection on the “Advanced” tab.

NOTE: Your network interface card will likely have a different name.

3. Now select the IP Address tab, and check Specify an IP Address, or select TCP/IP and

click on “Properties” to assign an IP address to your computer (this will disable “obtain

an IP address automatically”):

IP Address : 10.10.6.101

Netmask : 255.255.255.0

Default gateway : 10.10.6.1

4. Click <OK> or <Close> to exit the various dialog boxes.

RCM4000

User’s PC

Ethernet

crossover

cable

IP 10.10.6.101

Netmask

255.255.255.0

Direct Connection PC to RCM4000 Module

System

74 RabbitCore RCM4000

6.5 Run the PINGME.C Sample Program

Connect the crossover cable from your computer’s Ethernet port to the RCM4000 mod-

ule’s RJ-45 Ethernet connector. Open this sample program from the SAMPLES\TCPIP\

ICMP folder, compile the program, and start it running under Dynamic C. The crossover

cable is connected from your computer’s Ethernet adapter to the RCM4000 module’s RJ-

45 Ethernet connector. When the program starts running, the green LINK light on the

RCM4000 module should be on to indicate an Ethernet connection is made. (Note: If the

LNK light does not light, you may not be using a crossover cable, or if you are using a hub

with straight-through cables perhaps the power is off on the hub.)

The next step is to ping the module from your PC. This can be done by bringing up the

MS-DOS window and running the pingme program:

ping 10.10.6.101

or by Start > Run

and typing the entry

ping 10.10.6.101

Notice that the yellow ACT light flashes on the RCM4000 module while the ping is taking

place, and indicates the transfer of data. The ping routine will ping the module four times

and write a summary message on the screen describing the operation.

6.6 Running Additional Sample Programs With Direct Connect

The following sample programs are in the Dynamic C SAMPLES\RCM4000\TCPIP\

folder.

•BROWSELED.C—This program demonstrates a basic controller running a Web page.

Two “device LEDs” are created along with two buttons to toggle them. Users can use

their Web browser to change the status of the lights. The DS2 and DS3 LEDs on the

Prototyping Board will match those on the Web page. As long as you have not modified

the TCPCONFIG 1 macro in the sample program, enter the following server address in

your Web browser to bring up the Web page served by the sample program.

http://10.10.6.100.

Otherwise use the TCP/IP settings you entered in the TCP_CONFIG.LIB library.

•PINGLED.C—This program demonstrates ICMP by pinging a remote host. It will flash

LEDs DS2 and DS3 on the Prototyping Board when a ping is sent and received.

•SMTP.C—This program demonstrates using the SMTP library to send an e-mail when

the S2 and S3 switches on the Prototyping Board are pressed. LEDs DS2 and DS3 on

the Prototyping Board will light up when e-mail is being sent.

User’s Manual 75

6.7 Where Do I Go From Here?

NOTE: If you purchased your RCM4000 through a distributor or through a Rabbit Semi-

conductor or Z-World partner, contact the distributor or partner first for technical support.

If there are any problems at this point:

•Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.

•Check the Rabbit Semiconductor/Z-World Technical Bulletin Board at

www.rabbit.com/support/bb/.

•Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.

If the sample programs ran fine, you are now ready to go on.

Additional sample programs are described in the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual.

Please refer to the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual to develop your own applications.

An Introduction to TCP/IP provides background information on TCP/IP, and is available

on the CD and on Z-World’s Web site.

76 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 77

APPENDIX A. RCM4000 SPECIFICATIONS

Appendix A provides the specifications for the RCM4000, and

describes the conformal coating.

78 RabbitCore RCM4000

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics

Figure A-1 shows the mechanical dimensions for the RCM4000.

Figure A-1. RCM4000 Dimensions

NOTE: All measurements are in inches followed by millimeters enclosed in parentheses.

All dimensions have a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.01" (0.25 mm).

Please refer to the RCM4000

footprint diagram later in this

appendix for precise header

locations.

× 2

0.125 dia

(3.2)

R34

C12

C14

C15

C11

R20

C41 R35

DS1

DS2

R37

R36

ACT LINK

C72 Y3

C71

U17

C66

R46

U18

R47

C53

C54

C52

C51

C50

C49

C47

C48

C42

C43

C34

C35

Y1 U5

R25

C33

R24

C20 Q1

C18

C16

C13

R1 R2

R51

C10

U1 R9 R10

JP1

JP3

JP2

C22

C23

RP2

R43

R27

R28

JP4

R33 R32

R31

R48

C55

C56 C46 C45C44

R30

C38

C36

R26

C32

C30

C31

R29

C29

C28

C26

C27

C24

C25

0.19

(5)

0.10

(2.5)

0.62

(16)

1.84

(47)

0.619

(15.7)

1.84

(47)

1.10

(28)

0.47

(12)

0.11

(2.8)

0.23

(5.8)

0.77

(20)

0.47

(12)

0.11

(2.8)

0.23

(5.8)

0.77

(20)

0.064

(1.6)

0.064

(1.6)

0.37

(9.4)

0.50

(13)

0.72

(18)

2.42

(61)

2.42

(61)

User’s Manual 79

It is recommended that you allow for an “exclusion zone” of 0.04" (1 mm) around the

RCM4000 in all directions when the RCM4000 is incorporated into an assembly that

includes other printed circuit boards. An “exclusion zone” of 0.08" (2 mm) is recom-

mended below the RCM4000 when the RCM4000 is plugged into another assembly.

Figure A-2 shows this “exclusion zone.”

Figure A-2. RCM4000 “Exclusion Zone”

Exclusion

Zone

1.84

(47)

0.51

(16)

0.51

(16)

2.50

(63)

1.92

(49)

0.08

(2)

0.08

(2)

2.42

(61)

80 RabbitCore RCM4000

Table A-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the RCM4000.

Table A-1. RCM4000 Specifications

Parameter RCM4000 RCM4010

Microprocessor Rabbit® 4000 at 58.98 MHz

Ethernet Port 10Base-T, RJ-45, 2 LEDs

SRAM 512K (16-bit)

Flash Memory (program) 512K (16-bit)

Flash Memory

(mass data storage) 32 Mbytes

(NAND flash) —

Backup Battery Connection for user-supplied backup battery

(to support RTC and data SRAM)

General Purpose I/O

19 parallel digital I/O lines:

• configurable with four layers

of alternate functions

25 parallel digital I/O lines:

• configurable with four layers

of alternate functions

Additional Inputs 2 startup mode, reset in, CONVERT 2 startup mode, reset in

Additional Outputs Status, reset out, analog VREF Status, reset out

Analog Inputs

8 channels single-ended

or 4 channels differential

Programmable gain

1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, and 20 V/V

—

•A/D Converter

Resolution 12 bits (11 bits single-ended)

•A/D Conversion Time

(including 120 µs raw

count and Dynamic C)

180 µs

Auxiliary I/O Bus Can be configured for 8 data lines and

6 address lines (shared with parallel I/O lines), plus I/O read/write

Serial Ports

5 shared high-speed, CMOS-compatible ports:

•all 5 configurable as asynchronous (with IrDA), 4 as clocked serial (SPI),

and 1 as SDLC/HDLC

•1 asynchronous clocked serial port dedicated for programming

•1 clocked serial port dedicated for A/D converter (RCM4000)

Serial Rate Maximum asynchronous baud rate = CLK/8

Slave Interface Slave port allows the RCM4000 to be used as an intelligent peripheral device

slaved to a master processor

Real Time Clock Yes

User’s Manual 81

Timers Ten 8-bit timers (6 cascadable from the first),

one 10-bit timer with 2 match registers, and

one 16-bit timer with 4 outputs and 8 set/reset registers

Watchdog/Supervisor Yes

Pulse-Width Modulators —

2 channels:

•synchronized PWM with 10-bit

counter

•variable-phase or synchronized

PWM with 16-bit counter

Input Capture —2-channel input capture can be used

to time input signals from various

port pins

Quadrature Decoder —2-channel quadrature decoder accepts

inputs from external incremental

encoder modules

Power 3.0– 3.6 V.DC, 90 mA @ 3.3 V (preliminary, pins unloaded)

Operating Temperature 0 to +70°C

Humidity 5% to 95%, noncondensing

Connectors One 2 × 25, 1.27 mm pitch IDC signal header

One 2 × 5, 1.27 mm pitch IDC programming header

Board Size 1.84" × 2.41" × 0.77"

(47 mm × 61 mm × 20 mm)

Table A-1. RCM4000 Specifications (continued)

Parameter RCM4000 RCM4010

82 RabbitCore RCM4000

A.1.1 A/D Converter

Table A-2 shows some of the important A/D converter specifications. For more details,

refer to the ADC7870 data sheet.

Table A-2. A/D Converter Specifications

Parameter Test Conditions Typ Max

Analog Input Characteristics

Input Capacitance

Input Impedance

Common-Mode

Differential Mode

4 – 9.7 pF

6 MΩ

7 MΩ

Static Accuracy

Resolution

Single-Ended Mode

Differential Mode

Integral Linearity

Differential Linearity

11 bits

12 bits

±1 LSB

±0.5 LSB

±2.5 LSB

Dynamic Characteristics

Throughput Rate 52 ksamples/s

Voltage Reference

Accuracy

Buffer Amp Source Current

Buffer Amp Sink Current

Short-Circuit Current

Vref = 2.048 V and 2.5 V ±0.05%

20 µA

20 mA

±0.25%

User’s Manual 83

A.1.2 Headers

The RCM4000 uses a header at J3 for physical connection to other boards. J3 is a 2 × 25

SMT header with a 1.27 mm pin spacing. J1, the programming port, is a 2 × 5 header with

a 1.27 mm pin spacing.

Figure A-3 shows the layout of another board for the RCM4000 to be plugged into. These

reference design values are relative to one of the mounting holes.

Figure A-3. User Board Footprint for RCM4000

RCM4000 Series

Footprint

0.050

(1.27)

0.284

(7.2)

0.334

(8.5)

0.875

(22.2)

84 RabbitCore RCM4000

A.2 Rabbit 4000 DC Characteristics

Stresses beyond those listed in Table A-3 may cause permanent damage. The ratings are

stress ratings only, and functional operation of the Rabbit 4000 chip at these or any other

conditions beyond those indicated in this section is not implied. Exposure to the absolute

maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect the reliability of the Rabbit

4000 chip.

Table A-4 outlines the DC characteristics for the Rabbit 4000 at 3.3 V over the recom-

mended operating temperature range from TA = –40°C to +85°C, VDDIO = 3.0 V to 3.6 V.

Table A-3. Rabbit 4000 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Parameter Maximum Rating

TAOperating Temperature -40° to +85°C

TSStorage Temperature -55° to +125°C

VIH Maximum Input Voltage VDDIO + 0.3 V

(max. 3.6 V)

VDDIO Maximum Operating Voltage 3.6 V

Table A-4. 3.3 Volt DC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max

VDDIO

I/O Ring Supply Voltage, 3.3 V 3.0 V 3.3 V 3.6 V

I/O Ring Supply Voltage, 1.8 V 1.65 V 1.8 V 1.90 V

VIH High-Level Input Voltage 0.7 × VDDIO VDDIO + 0.3 V

VIL Low-Level Input Voltage -0.3 V 0.3 × VDDIO

VOH High-Level Output Voltage 0.7 × VDDIO VDDIO + 0.3 V

VOL Low-Level Output Voltage -0.3 V 0.3 × VDDIO

IIO I/O Ring Current @ 29.4912 MHz,

3.3 V, 25°C 12.2 mA

IDRIVE All other I/O

(except TXD+, TXDD+, TXD-, TXDD-) 8 mA

User’s Manual 85

A.3 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit

Unless otherwise specified, the Rabbit I/O buffers are capable of sourcing and sinking

8 mA of current per pin at full AC switching speed. Full AC switching assumes a

29.4 MHz CPU clock with the clock doubler enabled and capacitive loading on address

and data lines of less than 70 pF per pin. The absolute maximum operating voltage on all

I/O is 3.6 V.

A.4 Bus Loading

You must pay careful attention to bus loading when designing an interface to the

RCM4000. This section provides bus loading information for external devices.

Table A-5 lists the capacitance for the various RCM4000 I/O ports.

Table A-6 lists the external capacitive bus loading for the various RCM4000 output ports.

Be sure to add the loads for the devices you are using in your custom system and verify

that they do not exceed the values in Table A-6.

Table A-7 lists the loadings for the A/D converter inputs.

Table A-5. Capacitance of Rabbit 4000 I/O Ports

I/O Ports Input

Capacitance

(pF)

Output

Capacitance

(pF)

Parallel Ports A to E 12 14

Table A-6. External Capacitive Bus Loading -40°C to +85°C

Output Port Clock Speed

(MHz) Maximum External

Capacitive Loading (pF)

All I/O lines with clock

doubler enabled 58.98 100

Table A-7. A/D Converter Inputs

Parameter Value

Input Capacitance 4–9.7 pF

Input Impedance Common-Mode 6 MΩ

Differential 7 MΩ

86 RabbitCore RCM4000

Figure A-4 shows a typical timing diagram for the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor external

I/O read and write cycles.

Figure A-4. External I/O Read and Write Cycles—No Extra Wait States

NOTE: /IOCSx can be programmed to be active low (default) or active high.

Tadr

External I/O Read (no extra wait states)

CLK

A[15:0]

External I/O Write (no extra wait states)

CLK

A[15:0]

/IORD

valid

T1 Tw

T1 Tw T2

valid

/BUFEN

/IOCSx

/IOWR

/BUFEN

D[7:0] valid

Tsetup

Thold

/CSx

/IOCSx

TCSx

TIOCSx

TIORD

TBUFEN

TCSx

TIOCSx

TIORD

TBUFEN

valid

D[7:0]

/CSx

TCSx

TIOCSx

TIOWR

TCSx

TIOCSx

TIOWR

TBUFEN TBUFEN

TDHZV TDVHZ

User’s Manual 87

Table A-8 lists the delays in gross memory access time for several values of VDDIO.

The measurements are taken at the 50% points under the following conditions.

•T = -40°C to 85°C, V = VDDIO ±10%

•Internal clock to nonloaded CLK pin delay ≤ 1 ns @ 85°C/3.0 V

The clock to address output delays are similar, and apply to the following delays.

•Tadr, the clock to address delay

•TCSx, the clock to memory chip select delay

•TIOCSx, the clock to I/O chip select delay

•TIORD, the clock to I/O read strobe delay

•TIOWR, the clock to I/O write strobe delay

•TBUFEN, the clock to I/O buffer enable delay

The data setup time delays are similar for both Tsetup and Thold.

When the spectrum spreader is enabled with the clock doubler, every other clock cycle is

shortened (sometimes lengthened) by a maximum amount given in the table above. The

shortening takes place by shortening the high part of the clock. If the doubler is not

enabled, then every clock is shortened during the low part of the clock period. The maxi-

mum shortening for a pair of clocks combined is shown in the table.

Technical Note TN227, Interfacing External I/O with Rabbit Microprocessor Designs,

contains suggestions for interfacing I/O devices to the Rabbit 4000 microprocessors.

Table A-8. Preliminary Data and Clock Delays

VDDIO

(V)

Clock to Address

Output Delay

(ns) Data Setup

Time Delay

(ns)

Worst-Case

Spectrum Spreader Delay

(ns)

30 pF 60 pF 90 pF 0.5 ns setting

no dbl / dbl 1 ns setting

no dbl / dbl 2 ns setting

no dbl / dbl

3.3 6 8 11 12.3 / 2.3 3 / 4.5 4.5 / 9

1.8 18 24 33 37 / 6.5 8 / 12 11 / 22

88 RabbitCore RCM4000

A.5 Conformal Coating

The areas around the 32 kHz real-time clock crystal oscillator have had the Dow Corning

silicone-based 1-2620 conformal coating applied. The conformally coated area is shown

in Figure A-5. The conformal coating protects these high-impedance circuits from the

effects of moisture and contaminants over time.

Figure A-5. RCM4000 Areas Receiving Conformal Coating

Any components in the conformally coated area may be replaced using standard soldering

procedures for surface-mounted components. A new conformal coating should then be

applied to offer continuing protection against the effects of moisture and contaminants.

NOTE: For more information on conformal coatings, refer to Technical Note 303, Con-

formal Coatings.

Conformally coated

area

R34

C12

C14

C15

C11

R20

C41 R35

DS1

DS2

R37

R36

ACT LINK

C72 Y3

C71

U17

C66

R46

U18

R47

C53

C54

C52

C51

C50

C49

C47

C48

C42

C43

C34

C35

Y1 U5

R25

C33

R24

C20 Q1

C18

C16

C13

R1 R2

R51

C10

U1 R9 R10

JP1

JP3

JP2

C22

C23

RP2

R43

R27

R28

JP4

R33 R32

R31

R48

C55

C56 C46 C45C44

R30

C38

C36

R26

C32

C30

C31

R29

C29

C28

C26

C27

C24

C25

User’s Manual 89

A.6 Jumper Configurations

Figure A-6 shows the header locations used to configure the various RCM4000 options

via jumpers.

Figure A-6. Location of RCM4000 Configurable Positions

Table A-9 lists the configuration options.

NOTE: The jumper connections are made using 0 Ω surface-mounted resistors.

Table A-9. RCM4000 Jumper Configurations

Header Description Pins Connected Factory

Default

JP1 PE6 or SMODE1 Output on J3

1–2 SMODE1 ×

2–3 PE6

JP2 PE5 or SMODE0 Output on J3

1–2 SMODE0 ×

2–3 PE5

JP3 PE7 or STATUS Output on J3

1–2 STATUS ×

2–3 PE7

JP4 Battery Backup for Real-Time

Clock

1–2 Battery Backup ×

2–3 No Battery Backup

JP4

JP1

JP2

JP3

RCM4000

Top Side

90 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 91

APPENDIX B. PROTOTYPING BOARD

Appendix B describes the features and accessories of the Proto-

typing Board, and explains the use of the Prototyping Board to

demonstrate the RCM4000 and to build prototypes of your own

circuits. The Prototyping Board has power-supply connections

and also provides some basic I/O peripherals (RS-232, LEDs,

and switches), as well as a prototyping area for more advanced

hardware development.

92 RabbitCore RCM4000

B.1 Introduction

The Prototyping Board included in the Development Kit makes it easy to connect an

RCM4000 module to a power supply and a PC workstation for development. It also pro-

vides some basic I/O peripherals (RS-232, LEDs, and switches), as well as a prototyping

area for more advanced hardware development.

For the most basic level of evaluation and development, the Prototyping Board can be

used without modification.

As you progress to more sophisticated experimentation and hardware development,

modifications and additions can be made to the board without modifying the RCM4000

module.

The Prototyping Board is shown below in Figure B-1, with its main features identified.

Figure B-1. Prototyping Board

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29 CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RX65 RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19 C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11 R12

RX47

RX43

Power

LED

Reset

Switch

User

LEDs

+5 V, 3.3 V, and

GND Buses

RCM4000

Module

Extension Header

User

Switches

SMT Prototyping

Area

Current-

Measurement

Headers

Through-Hole

Prototyping Area

C53

Analog

I/O

Power

Input Backup

Battery

RS-232

Header

RCM4000

Module

Connector

SMT Prototyping

Area

RCM4000

Standoff

Mounting

User’s Manual 93

B.1.1 Prototyping Board Features

•Power Connection—A a 3-pin header is provided for connection to the power supply.

Note that the 3-pin header is symmetrical, with both outer pins connected to ground and

the center pin connected to the raw V+ input. The cable of the AC adapter provided

with the North American version of the Development Kit is terminated with a header

plug that connects to the 3-pin header in either orientation. The header plug leading to

bare leads provided for overseas customers can be connected to the 3-pin header in

either orientation.

Users providing their own power supply should ensure that it delivers 8–24 V DC at

8 W. The voltage regulators will get warm while in use.

•Regulated Power Supply—The raw DC voltage provided at the 3-pin header is

routed to a 5 V switching voltage regulator, then to a separate 3.3 V linear regulator.

The regulators provide stable power to the RCM4000 module and the Prototyping

Board.

•Power LED—The power LED lights whenever power is connected to the Prototyping

Board.

•Reset Switch—A momentary-contact, normally open switch is connected directly to the

RCM4000’s /RESET_IN pin. Pressing the switch forces a hardware reset of the system.

•I/O Switches and LEDs—Two momentary-contact, normally open switches are con-

nected to the PB4 and PB5 pins of the RCM4000 module and may be read as inputs by

sample applications.

Two LEDs are connected to the PB2 and PB3 pins of the RCM4000 module, and may

be driven as output indicators by sample applications.

•Prototyping Area—A generous prototyping area has been provided for the installation

of through-hole components. +3.3 V, +5 V, and Ground buses run around the edge of

this area. Several areas for surface-mount devices are also available. (Note that there

are SMT device pads on both top and bottom of the Prototyping Board.) Each SMT pad

is connected to a hole designed to accept a 30 AWG solid wire.

•Module Extension Header—The complete non-analog pin set of the RCM4000 mod-

ule is duplicated at header J2. Developers can solder wires directly into the appropriate

holes, or, for more flexible development, a 2 × 25 header strip with a 0.1" pitch can be

soldered into place. See Figure B-4 for the header pinouts.

•Analog Inputs Header—The complete analog pin set of the RCM4000 module is

duplicated at header J3. Developers can solder wires directly into the appropriate holes,

or, for more flexible development, a 2 × 7 header strip with a 0.1" pitch can be soldered

into place. See Figure B-4 for the header pinouts.

•RS-232—Two 3-wire or one 5-wire RS-232 serial ports are available on the Prototyp-

ing Board at header J4. A 10-pin 0.1" pitch header strip installed at J4 allows you to

connect a ribbon cable that leads to a standard DE-9 serial connector.

94 RabbitCore RCM4000

•Current Measurement Option—You may cut the trace below header JP1 on the

bottom side of the Prototyping Board and install a 1 × 2 header strip from the Develop-

ment Kit to allow you to use an ammeter across the pins to measure the current drawn

from the +5 V supply. Similarly, you may cut the trace below header JP2 on the bottom

side of the Prototyping Board and install a 1 × 2 header strip from the Development Kit

to allow you to use an ammeter across the pins to measure the current drawn from the

+3.3 V supply.

•Backup Battery—A 2032 lithium-ion battery rated at 3.0 V, 220 mA·h, provides

battery backup for the RCM4000 SRAM and real-time clock.

User’s Manual 95

B.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Layout

Figure B-2 shows the mechanical dimensions and layout for the Prototyping Board.

Figure B-2. Prototyping Board Dimensions

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

+3.3 V

BT1

RESET

RXD TXD

TXC RXC

GND

UX29

RX81

RX87

CX41

RX83

RX11

CX39

UX30

UX10

UX12

UX14

UX16

RX79

CX29 CX17

RX67

UX45

RX85

GND

R24

R22

R21

R23

CX23 RX77

R27

R28

JP25

CX25

RX75

RX73 CX27

DS3

S3S2

DS2

UX49 UX4

UX47

+5 V

GND

+3.3 V

RCM1

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT

EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1

LN1

PD3

LN3

PD5

LN5

PD7

LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0

LN0

PD2

LN2

PD4

LN4

PD6

LN6

CVT

AGND

JP24

JP23

C14

C12

C10

C11

C13

R10

R20

R18

R16

R14

R13

R15

R17

R29

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

R19

RX57

RX55

RX97

RX49

UX33UX31

RX89

UX3

UX37 UX42 UX41

RX63

RX65 RX61

RX59

R26

R25

C15

C19 C20

C18

C17

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

C16

L1C6

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

R11 R12

RX47

RX43

0.24

(6)

3.80

(97)

0.15

(3.8)

0.15

(3.8)

3.485

(88.5)

0.165

(4.2)

0.15

(3.8)

0.15

(3.8)

3.80

(97)

0.19

(4.8)

0.36

(9.1)

3.10

(78.8)

2.735

(69.5)

1.935

(49.1)

96 RabbitCore RCM4000

Table B-1 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the Proto-

typing Board.

B.3 Power Supply

The RCM4000 requires a regulated 3.0 V – 3.6 V DC power source to operate. Depending

on the amount of current required by the application, different regulators can be used to

supply this voltage.

The Prototyping Board has an onboard +5 V switching power regulator from which a

+3.3 V linear regulator draws its supply. Thus both +5 V and +3.3 V are available on the

Prototyping Board.

The Prototyping Board itself is protected against reverse polarity by a Shottky diode at D2

as shown in Figure B-3.

Figure B-3. Prototyping Board Power Supply

Table B-1. Prototyping Board Specifications

Parameter Specification

Board Size 3.80" × 3.80" × 0.48" (97 mm × 97 mm × 12 mm)

Operating Temperature 0°C to +70°C

Humidity 5% to 95%, noncondensing

Input Voltage 8 V to 24 V DC

Maximum Current Draw

(including user-added circuits) 800 mA max. for +3.3 V supply,

1 A total +3.3 V and +5 V combined

Prototyping Area 1.3" × 2.0" (33 mm × 50 mm) throughhole, 0.1" spacing,

additional space for SMT components

Connectors

One 2 × 25 header socket, 1.27 mm pitch, to accept RCM4000

One 1 × 3 IDC header for power-supply connection

One 2 × 5 IDC RS-232 header, 0.1" pitch

Two unstuffed header locations for analog and RCM4000 signals

25 unstuffed 2-pin header locations for optional configurations

LINEAR POWER

REGULATOR

POWER

10 µF

LM1117

+3.3 V

3DL4003

47 µF 330 µF

+5 V

330 µH

B140

SWITCHING POWER REGULATOR

DCIN

LM2575

C6 C2

10 µF

JP1 JP2

User’s Manual 97

B.4 Using the Prototyping Board

The Prototyping Board is actually both a demonstration board and a prototyping board. As

a demonstration board, it can be used to demonstrate the functionality of the

RCM4000

right out of the box without any modifications to either board.

The Prototyping Board comes with the basic components necessary to demonstrate the

operation of the RCM4000. Two LEDs (DS2 and DS3) are connected to PB2 and PB3,

and two switches (S2 and S3) are connected to PB4 and PB5 to demonstrate the interface

to the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor. Reset switch S1 is the hardware reset for the RCM4000.

The

Prototyping Board provides the user with RCM4000 connection points brought out con-

veniently to labeled points at header J2 on the Prototyping Board. Although header J2 is

unstuffed, a 2 × 25 header is included in the bag of parts. RS-232 signals (Serial Ports C

and D)

are available on header J4. A header strip at J4 allows you to connect a ribbon cable,

and a ribbon cable to DB9 connector is included with the Development Kit.

The pinouts for

these locations are shown in Figure B-4.

Figure B-4. Prototyping Board Pinout

The analog signals are brought out to labeled points at header location J3 on the Prototyping

Board. Although header J3 is unstuffed, a 2 × 7 header can be added. Note that analog

signals are not available from the RCM4010 included in the Development Kit — only the

RCM4000 model has an A/D converter.

+3.3 V

/RST_OUT

/IOWR

VBAT_EXT

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PD1/LN1

PD3/LN3

PD5/LN5

PD7/LN7

VREF

GND

/IORD

/RST_IN

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

PE0

PE2

PE4

PE6

PD0/LN0

PD2/LN2

PD4/LN4

PD6/LN6

CVT

AGND

CVT

LN6IN

LN4IN

LN2IN

LN0IN

VREF

LN7IN

LN5IN

LN3IN

LN1IN

AGND

RCM4100

Signals

RS-232

Analog

Inputs

RxD

TxD

GND

RxC

TxC

GND

98 RabbitCore RCM4000

Selected signals from the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor are available on header J2 of the

Prototyping Board. The remaining ports on the Rabbit 4000 microprocessor are used for

RS-232 serial communication. Table B-2 lists the signals on header J2 and explains how

they are used on the Prototyping Board.

There is a 1.3" × 2" through-hole prototyping space available on the Prototyping Board.

The holes in the prototyping area are spaced at 0.1" (2.5 mm).

+3.3 V, +5 V, and GND traces

run along the top edge of the prototyping area for easy access.

Small to medium circuits

can be prototyped using point-

to-point wiring with 20 to 30 AWG wire between the proto-

typing area, the

+3.3 V, +5 V, and GND traces,

and the surrounding area where surface-

mount components may be installed.

Small holes are provided around the surface-mounted

components that may be installed around the prototyping area.

Table B-2. Use of Rabbit 4000 Signals on the Prototyping Board

Pin Pin Name Prototyping Board Use

1+3.3 V +3.3 V power supply

2GND

3/RST_OUT Reset output from reset generator

4/IORD External read strobe

5/IOWR External write strobe

6/RESET_IN Input to reset generator

8–15 PA0–PA7 Output, pulled high

16 PB0 CLKB (used by A/D converter RCM4000 only)

17 PB1 Programming port CLKA

18 PB2 LED DS2 (normally high/off)

19 PB3 LED DS3 (normally high/off)

20 PB4 Switch S2 (normally open/pulled up)

21 PB5 Switch S3 (normally open/pulled up)

22–23 PB6–PB7 Output, pulled high

24–25 PC0–PC1 Serial Port D (RS-232, header J4) (high)

26–27 PC2–PC3 Serial Port C (RS-232, header J4) (high)

28–29 PC4–PC5 Serial Port B (used by A/D converter RCM4000 only)

30–31 PC6–PC7 Serial Port A (programming port) (high)

32–39 PE0–PE7 Parallel I/O, Output, I0–I7

40–47 LN0–LN7 A/D converter inputs (RCM4000 only)

PD0–PD7 Output, pulled high

48 CONVERT A/D converter CONVERT input (RCM4000 only)

49 VREF A/D converter reference voltage (RCM4000 only)

50 AGND A/D converter ground (RCM4000 only)

User’s Manual 99

B.4.1 Adding Other Components

There are pads for 28-pin TSSOP devices, 16-pin SOIC devices, and 6-pin SOT devices

that can be used for surface-mount prototyping with these devices. There are also pads that

can be used for SMT resistors and capacitors in an 0805 SMT package. Each component

has every one of its pin pads connected to a hole in which a 30 AWG wire can be soldered

(standard wire wrap wire can be soldered in for point-to-point wiring on the Prototyping

Board). Because the traces are very thin, carefully determine which set of holes is con-

nected to which surface-mount pad.

B.4.2 Measuring Current Draw

The Prototyping Board has a current-measurement feature available at header locations

JP1 and JP2 for the +5 V and +3.3 V supplies respectively. To measure current, you will

have to cut the trace on the bottom side of the Prototyping Board corresponding to the

power supply or power supplies whose current draw you will be measuring. Header loca-

tions JP1 and JP2 are shown in Figure B-5. Then install a 1 × 2 header strip from the

Development Kit on the top side of the Prototyping Board at the header location(s) whose

trace(s) you cut. The header strip(s) will allow you to use an ammeter across their pins to

measure the current drawn from that supply. Once you are done measuring the current,

place a jumper across the header pins to resume normal operation.

Figure B-5. Prototyping Board Current-Measurement Option

NOTE: Once you have cut the trace below header location JP1 or JP2, you must either be

using the ammeter or have a jumper in place in order for power to be delivered to the

Prototyping Board.

Cut traces

Bottom Side

JP1

JP2

JP1 (+5 V)

JP2 (+3.3 V)

CURRENT

MEASUREMENT

PWR

DS1

GND

JP1

JP2

L1C6

JP1 JP2

100 RabbitCore RCM4000

B.4.3 Analog Features (RCM4000 only)

The Prototyping Board has typical support circuitry installed to complement the ADS7870

A/D converter on the RCM4000 module (the A/D converter is not available on the

RCM4010 module).

B.4.3.1 A/D Converter Inputs

Figure B-6 shows a pair of A/D converter input circuits. The resistors form an approx. 9:1

attenuator, and the capacitor filters noise pulses from the A/D converter input. The 10 kΩ

inline jumpers allow other configurations (see Table B-6) and provide digital isolation.

Figure B-6. A/D Converter Inputs

The A/D converter chip can make either single-ended or differential measurements

depending on the value of the opmode parameter in the software function call. Adjacent

A/D converter inputs are paired to make differential measurements. The default setup on

the Prototyping Board is to measure only positive voltages for the ranges listed in Table B-3.

Table B-3. Positive A/D Converter Input Voltage Ranges

Min. Voltage

(V)

Max. Voltage

(with prescaler)

(V)

A/D Converter

Gain mV per Tick

0.0 +22.528 111

0.0 +11.264 25.5

0.0 +5.632 42.75

0.0 +4.506 52.20

0.0 +2.816 81.375

0.0 +2.253 10 1.100

0.0 +1.408 16 0.688

0.0 +1.126 20 0.550

100 kW

LN0_IN

AGND

LN1_IN ADC

BVREF =

2.048 V

100 kW

2.2 nF

10 kW

2.2 nF

ADC

(RCM4100)

JP23/JP24

Inline jumpers are

10 kW resistors

User’s Manual 101

Many other possible ranges are possible by physically changing the resistor values that

make up the attenuator circuit.

NOTE: Analog input LN7_IN does not have the 10 kΩ resistor installed, and so no

resistor attenuator is available, limiting its maximum input voltage to 2 V. This input is

intended to be used for a thermistor that you may install at header location JP25.

It is also possible to read a negative voltage on LN0_IN–LN5_IN by moving the 0 Ω

jumper (see Figure B-6) on header JP23 or JP24 associated with the A/D converter input

from analog ground to the reference voltage generated and buffered by the A/D converter.

Adjacent input channels are paired; moving the jumper on JP 23 changes both of the

paired channels (LN4_IN–LN5_IN), and moving the jumper on JP24 changes LN0_IN–

LN3_IN. At the present time Rabbit Semiconductor does not offer the software drivers to

work with single-ended negative voltages, but the differential mode described below may

be used to measure negative voltages.

Differential measurements require two channels. As the name differential implies, the dif-

ference in voltage between the two adjacent channels is measured rather than the differ-

ence between the input and analog ground. Voltage measurements taken in differential

mode have a resolution of 12 bits, with the 12th bit indicating whether the difference is

positive or negative.

The A/D converter chip can only accept positive voltages, as explained in Section 4.4. Both

differential inputs must be referenced to analog ground, and both inputs must be positive

with respect to analog ground. Table B-4 provides the differential voltage ranges for this

setup.

Table B-4. Differential Voltage Ranges

Min. Differential

Voltage

(V)

Max. Differential

Voltage (with

prescaler)

(V)

A/D Converter

Gain mV per Tick

0±22.528 111

0±11.264 25.5

0±5.632 42.75

0±4.506 52.20

0±2.816 81.375

0±2.253 10 1.100

0±1.408 16 0.688

0±1.126 20 0.550

102 RabbitCore RCM4000

B.4.3.2 Thermistor Input

Analog input LN7_IN on the Prototyping Board was designed specifically for use with a

thermistor at JP25 in conjunction with the THERMISTOR.C sample program, which demon-

strates how to use the analog input to measure temperature, which will be displayed in the

Dynamic C STDIO window. The sample program is targeted specifically for the thermistor

included with the Development Kit with R0 @ 25°C = 3 kΩ and β 25/85 = 3965. Be sure

to use the applicable R0 and β values for your thermistor if you use another thermistor.

Figure B-7. Prototyping Board Thermistor Input

B.4.3.3 A/D Converter Calibration

To get the best results form the A/D converter, it is necessary to calibrate each mode (single-

ended or differential) for each of its gains. It is imperative that you calibrate each of the

A/D converter inputs in the same manner as they are to be used in the application. For

example, if you will be performing floating differential measurements or differential mea-

surements using a common analog ground, then calibrate the A/D converter in the corre-

sponding manner. The calibration must be done with the JP23/JP24 selection jumpers in

the desired position (see Figure B-6). If a calibration is performed and a jumper is subse-

quently moved, the corresponding input(s) must be recalibrated. The calibration table in

software only holds calibration constants based on mode, channel, and gain. Other factors

affecting the calibration must be taken into account by calibrating using the same mode

and gain setup as in the intended use.

Sample programs are not yet available to illustrate how to read and calibrate the various

A/D inputs for the three operating modes.

Mode Read Calibrate

Single-Ended, one channel —AD_CAL_CHAN.C

Single-Ended, all channels AD_RDVOLT_ALL.C AD_CAL_ALL.C

Differential, analog ground AD_RDDIFF_CH.C AD_CALDIFF_CH.C

1 kW

LN7_IN

BVREF

Thermistor

JP25

2.2 nF

AGND

ADC

(RCM4100)

Inline jumper is

10 kW resistor

User’s Manual 103

B.4.4 Serial Communication

The Prototyping Board allows you to access five of the serial ports from the RCM4000

module. Table B-5 summarizes the configuration options. Note that Serial Ports E and F

can be used only with the RCM3400 Prototyping Board.

Serial Ports E and F may be used as serial ports, or the corresponding pins at header loca-

tion J2 may be used as parallel ports.

Table B-5. Prototyping Board Serial Port Configurations

Serial Port Header Default Use Alternate Use

AJ2 Programming Port RS-232

BJ2 A/D Converter

(RCM4000 only) —

CJ2, J4 RS-232 —

DJ2, J4 RS-232 —

EJ2 — —

FJ2 — —

104 RabbitCore RCM4000

B.4.4.1 RS-232

RS-232 serial communication on header J4 on both Prototyping Boards is supported by an

RS-232 transceiver installed at U3. This transceiver provides the voltage output, slew rate,

and input voltage immunity required to meet the RS-232 serial communication protocol.

Basically, the chip translates the Rabbit 4000’s signals to RS-232 signal levels. Note that

the polarity is reversed in an RS-232 circuit so that a +3.3 V output becomes approxi-

mately -10 V and 0 V is output as +10 V. The RS-232 transceiver also provides the proper

line loading for reliable communication.

RS-232 can be used effectively at the RCM4000 module’s maximum baud rate for distances

of up to 15 m.

RS-232 flow control on an RS-232 port is initiated in software using the serXflowcon-

trolOn function call from RS232.LIB, where X is the serial port (C or D). The locations

of the flow control lines are specified using a set of five macros.

SERX_RTS_PORT—Data register for the parallel port that the RTS line is on (e.g., PCDR).

SERA_RTS_SHADOW—Shadow register for the RTS line's parallel port (e.g., PCDRShadow).

SERA_RTS_BIT—The bit number for the RTS line.

SERA_CTS_PORT—Data register for the parallel port that the CTS line is on (e.g., PCDRShadow).

SERA_CTS_BIT—The bit number for the CTS line.

Standard 3-wire RS-232 communication using Serial Ports C and D is illustrated in the

following sample code.

#define CINBUFSIZE 15 // set size of circular buffers in bytes

#define COUTBUFSIZE 15

#define DINBUFSIZE 15

#define DOUTBUFSIZE 15

#define MYBAUD 115200 // set baud rate

#endif

main(){

serCopen(_MYBAUD); // open Serial Ports C and D

serDopen(_MYBAUD);

serCwrFlush(); // flush their input and transmit buffers

serCrdFlush();

serDwrFlush();

serDrdFlush();

serCclose(_MYBAUD); // close Serial Ports C and D

serDclose(_MYBAUD);

}

User’s Manual 105

B.5 Prototyping Board Jumper Configurations

Figure B-8 shows the header locations used to configure the various Prototyping Board

options via jumpers.

Figure B-8. Location of Configurable Jumpers on Prototyping Board

Table B-6 lists the configuration options using either jumpers or 0 Ω surface-mount resistors.

Table B-6. RCM3400 Prototyping Board Jumper Configurations

Header Description Pins Connected Factory

Default

JP1 +5 V Current Measurement 1–2 Via trace or jumper Connected

JP2 +3.3 V Current Measurement 1–2 Via trace or jumper Connected

JP3

JP4 PC0/TxD/LED DS2

JP3

1–2 TxD on header J4 ×

JP4

1–2 PC0 to LED DS2

n.c. PC0 available on header J2

JP1

JP2

JP25

UX49

JP23

JP11

JP15

JP19

JP21

JP22

JP20

JP17

JP13

JP16

JP6

JP5

JP12

JP4

JP3

JP14

JP8

JP7

JP18

JP9

JP10

JP24

106 RabbitCore RCM4000

JP5

JP6 PC1/RxD/Switch S2

JP5

1–2 RxD on header J4 ×

JP6

1–2 PC1 to Switch S2

n.c. PC1 available on header J2

JP7

JP8 PC2/TxC/LED DS3

JP7

1–2 TxC on header J4 ×

JP6

1–2 PC2 to LED DS3

n.c. PC2 available on header J2

JP9

JP10 PC3/RxC/Switch S3

JP9

1–2 PC3 to Switch S3

JP10

1–2 RxC on header J4 ×

n.c. PC3 available on header J2

JP11 LN0 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP12 PB2/LED DS2 1–2 Connected: PB2 to LED DS2 ×

n.c. PB2 available on header J2

JP13 LN1 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP14 PB3/LED DS3 1–2 Connected: PB3 to LED DS3 ×

n.c. PB3 available on header J2

JP15 LN2 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP16 PB4/Switch S2 1–2 Connected: PB4 to Switch S2 ×

n.c. PB4 available on header J2

JP17 LN3 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP18 PB5/Switch S3 1–2 Connected: PB5 to Switch S3 ×

n.c. PB5 available on header J2

JP19 LN4 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP20 LN5 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP21 LN6 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

JP22 LN7 buffer/filter to RCM4000 1–2 Connected

Table B-6. RCM3400 Prototyping Board Jumper Configurations (continued)

Header Description Pins Connected Factory

Default

User’s Manual 107

NOTE: Jumper connections JP3–JP10, JP12, JP14, JP16, JP18, JP23, and JP24 are made

using 0 Ω surface-mounted resistors. Jumper connections JP11, JP13, JP15, JP17, and

JP19–JP22 are made using 10 kΩ surface-mounted resistors.

JP23 LN4_IN–LN6_IN 1–2 Tied to analog ground ×

2–3 Tied to VREF

JP24 LN0_IN–LN3_IN 1–2 Tied to analog ground ×

2–3 Tied to VREF

JP25 Thermistor Location 1–2 n.c.

Table B-6. RCM3400 Prototyping Board Jumper Configurations (continued)

Header Description Pins Connected Factory

Default

108 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 109

APPENDIX C. POWER SUPPLY

Appendix C provides information on the current requirements of

the RCM4000, and includes some background on the chip select

circuit used in power management.

C.1 Power Supplies

The RCM4000 requires a regulated 3.0 V – 3.6 V DC power source. The RabbitCore

design presumes that the voltage regulator is on the user board, and that the power is made

available to the RCM4000 board through header J2.

An RCM4000 with no loading at the outputs operating at 58.98 MHz typically draws

110 mA.

C.1.1 Battery-Backup Circuits

The RCM4000 does not have a battery, but there is provision for a customer-supplied bat-

tery to back up the data SRAM and keep the internal Rabbit 4000 real-time clock running.

Header J2, shown in Figure C-1, allows access to the external battery. This header makes

it possible to connect an external 3 V power supply. This allows the SRAM and the inter-

nal Rabbit 4000 real-time clock to retain data with the RCM4000 powered down.

Figure C-1. External Battery Connections

at Header J2

A lithium battery with a nominal voltage of 3 V and a minimum capacity of 165

mA·h

recommended. A lithium battery is strongly recommended because of its nearly constant

nominal voltage over most of its life.

VBAT_EXT

GND

External

Battery

+3.3 V_IN

110 RabbitCore RCM4000

The drain on the battery by the RCM4000

is typically 7.5 µA when no other power is sup-

plied. If a 165 mA·h battery is used, the battery can last about 2.5 years:

The actual life in your application will depend on the current drawn by components not on

the RCM4000 and on the storage capacity of the battery. The RCM4000 does not drain the

battery while it is powered up normally.

C.1.2 Reset Generator

The RCM4000 uses a reset generator to reset the Rabbit 3000 microprocessor when the volt-

age drops below the voltage necessary for reliable operation. The reset occurs between

2.85 V and 3.00 V, typically 2.93 V. The RCM4000 has a reset output, pin 3 on header J2.

165 mA·h

7.5 µA

------------------------ 2.5 years.=

User’s Manual 111

NOTICE TO USERS

RABBIT AND Z-WORLD PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPO-

NENTS IN LIFE-SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS UNLESS A SPECIFIC WRITTEN AGREEMENT

SIGNED BY A CORPORATE OFFICER OF DIGI INTERNATIONAL IS ENTERED INTO BETWEEN

THE CUSTOMER AND DIGI INTERNATIONAL.

No complex software or hardware system is perfect. Bugs are always present in a system of any size, and

microprocessor systems are subject to failure due to aging, defects, electrical upsets, and various other

causes. In order to prevent danger to life or property, it is the responsibility of the system designers, who are

our customers, to incorporate redundant protective mechanisms appropriate to the risk involved. Even with

the best practices, human error and improbable coincidences can still conspire to result in damaging or dan-

gerous system failures. Our products cannot be made perfect or near-perfect without causing them to cost so

much as to preclude any practical use, thus our products reflect our “reasonable commercial efforts.”

All Rabbit and Z-World products are functionally tested. Although our tests are comprehensive and carefully

constructed, 100% test coverage of every possible defect is not practical. Our products are specified for

operation under certain environmental and electrical conditions. Our specifications are based on analysis and

sample testing. Individual units are not usually tested under all environmental and electrical conditions. Indi-

vidual components may be specified for different environmental or electrical conditions than our assembly

containing the components. In this case we have qualified the components through analysis and testing to

operate successfully in the particular circumstances in which they are used.

112 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 113

INDEX

A/D converter

inputs

differential measure-

ments ........................101

negative voltages .........101

single-ended measure-

ments ........................100

A/D converter inputs

access via Prototyping Board

..................................... 100

software

anaIn .............................. 51

anaInCalib ..................... 52

anaInConfig ................... 47

anaInDiff .......................55

anaInDriver ................... 49

anaInEERd ....................57

anaInEEWr .................... 59

anaInmAmps ................. 56

anaInVolts ..................... 54

additional information

online documentation .......... 5

alerts

software

digInAlert ...................... 46

timedAlert ..................... 46

auxiliary I/O bus ...................29

battery backup

battery life ....................... 110

external battery connec-

tions ............................ 109

reset generator ................. 110

use of battery-backed SRAM

....................................... 43

board initialization ................ 45

software

brdInit ............................ 45

bus loading ............................ 85

clock doubler ........................ 38

conformal coating ................. 88

Development Kits ................... 4

RCM4000 Development Kit 4

AC adapter ...................... 4

DC power supply ............ 4

Getting Started instruc-

tions .............................. 4

programming cable ......... 4

digital I/O .............................. 24

I/O buffer sourcing and sink-

ing limits ....................... 85

memory interface .............. 29

SMODE0 .................... 29, 32

SMODE1 .................... 29, 32

software ............................. 43

dimensions

Prototyping Board ............. 95

RCM4000 .......................... 78

Dynamic C .............. 5, 7, 12, 41

add-on modules ............. 7, 61

installation ....................... 7

battery-backed SRAM ...... 43

COM port .......................... 12

libraries

RCM40xx.LIB ..............45

protected variables ............ 43

sample programs ............... 16

standard features

debugging ...................... 42

telephone-based technical

support ...................... 5, 61

upgrades and patches ........ 61

USB port settings .............. 12

Ethernet cables ...................... 63

how to tell them apart ....... 63

Ethernet connections ....... 63, 65

10/100Base-T .................... 65

10Base-T Ethernet card .... 63

additional resources .......... 75

direct connection ............... 65

Ethernet cables .................. 65

Ethernet hub ...................... 63

IP addresses ................ 65, 67

MAC addresses ................. 68

steps .................................. 64

Ethernet port ......................... 31

pinout ................................ 31

exclusion zone ...................... 79

features .................................... 2

Prototyping Boards ..... 92, 93

flash memory addresses

user blocks ........................ 39

hardware connections

install RCM4000 on Prototyp-

ing Board ........................ 9

power supply ..................... 11

programming cable ........... 10

I/O buffer sourcing and sinking

limits ............................. 85

IP addresses .......................... 67

how to set in sample programs

....................................... 72

how to set PC IP address .. 73

jumper configurations

Prototyping Board ........... 105

JP1 (+5 V current measure-

ment) ........................ 105

JP1 (LN0 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ............... 106

114 RabbitCore RCM4000

jumper configurations

Prototyping Board (continued)

JP12 (PB2/LED DS2) ..106

JP13 (LN1 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP14 (PB3/LED DS3) ..106

JP15 (LN2 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP16 (PB4/Switch S2) .106

JP17 (LN3 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP18 (PB5/Switch S2) .106

JP19 (LN4 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP2 (+ 3.3 V current mea-

surement) ..................105

JP20 (LN5 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP21 (LN6 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP22 (LN7 buffer/filter to

RCM4000) ................106

JP23 (analog inputs LN4–

LN6 configuration) ...107

JP24 (analog inputs LN0–

LN3 configuration) ...107

JP3–JP4 (PC0/TxD/LED

DS2) ..........................105

JP5–JP6 (PC1/RxD/

Switch S2) ................106

JP7–JP8 (PC2/TxC/

LED DS3) .................106

JP9–JP10 (PC3/RxC/

Switch S3) ................106

RCM4000 ..........................89

JP1 (PE6 or SMODE1

output on J3) ...............89

JP2 (PE5 or SMODE0

output on J3) ...............89

JP3 (PE7 or STATUS

output on J3) ...............89

JP4 (battery backup for real-

time clock) ..................89

jumper locations ............89

MAC addresses .....................68

onchip-encryption RAM

how to use ..........................17

pinout

Ethernet port ......................31

Prototyping Board .............97

RCM4000

alternate configurations .26

RCM4000 headers .............24

power supplies

+3.3 V ..............................109

battery backup .................109

Program Mode .......................33

switching modes ................33

programming cable

PROG connector ...............33

RCM4000 connections ......10

programming port .................32

Prototyping Board .................92

access to RCM4000 analog

inputs .............................93

adding components ............99

dimensions .........................95

expansion area ...................93

features ........................92, 93

jumper configurations .....105

jumper locations ..............105

mounting RCM4000 ............9

pinout .................................97

power supply .....................96

prototyping area ................98

specifications .....................96

use of Rabbit 3000 signals 98

Rabbit 4000

spectrum spreader time delays

.......................................87

Rabbit subsystems .................25

RCM4000

mounting on Prototyping

Board ...............................9

Run Mode ..............................33

switching modes ................33

sample programs ...................16

A/D converter inputs

AD_CAL_ALL.C ........102

AD_CAL_CHAN.C 22, 102

AD_CALDIFF_CH.C .102

AD_RDDIFF_CH.C ....102

AD_RDVOLT_ALL.C

.............................22, 102

AD_SAMPLE.C ............22

THERMISTOR.C ..22, 102

getting to know the RCM4000

CONTROLLED.C .........16

FLASHLED1.C .............16

FLASHLED2.C .............16

LOW_POWER.C ..........17

TAMPERDETECTION.C

.....................................17

TOGGLESWITCH.C ....17

how to run TCP/IP sample

programs .................71, 72

how to set IP address .........72

NAND flash

NFLASH_DUMP.c .......18

NFLASH_ERASE.c ......19

NFLASH_INSPECT.c ..18

NFLASH_LOG.C ..........18

PONG.C ............................12

real-time clock

RTC_TEST.C ................22

SETRTCKB.C ...............22

serial communication

FLOWCONTROL.C .....20

PARITY.C .....................20

SIMPLE3WIRE.C .........20

SIMPLE5WIRE.C .........21

SWITCHCHAR.C .........21

TCP/IP

BROWSELED.C ...........74

DISPLAY_MAC.C .......68

PINGLED.C ..................74

PINGME.C ....................74

SMTP.C .........................74

serial communication ............30

Prototyping Board

RS-232 .........................104

software .............................43

PACKET.LIB ................43

RS232.LIB .....................43

serial ports .............................30

Ethernet port ......................31

programming port ..............32

software ...................................5

auxiliary I/O bus ..........29, 43

I/O drivers .........................43

libraries

RCM40XX.LIB .............45

readUserBlock ...................39

sample programs ...............16

serial communication driv-

ers ..................................43

writeUserBlock .................39

User’s Manual 115

specifications ........................ 77

A/D converter chip ............ 82

bus loading ........................85

digital I/O buffer sourcing and

sinking limits ................85

dimensions ........................ 78

electrical, mechanical, and

environmental ............... 80

exclusion zone ................... 79

header footprint ................. 83

Prototyping Board .............96

Rabbit 4000 DC characteris-

tics ................................. 84

Rabbit 4000 timing dia-

gram .............................. 86

relative pin 1 locations ...... 83

spectrum spreader ................. 87

subsystems

digital inputs and outputs .. 24

switching modes ...................33

TCP/IP primer ....................... 65

technical support ................... 13

USB/serial port converter

Dynamic C settings ........... 12

116 RabbitCore RCM4000

User’s Manual 117

SCHEMATICS

090-0227 RCM4000 Schematic

www.rabbit.com/documentation/schemat/090-0227.pdf

090-0230 Prototyping Board Schematic

www.rabbit.com/documentation/schemat/090-0230.pdf

090-0128 Programming Cable Schematic

www.rabbit.com/documentation/schemat/090-0128.pdf

The schematics included with the printed manual were the latest revisions available at the

time the manual was last revised. The online versions of the manual contain links to the

latest revised schematic on the Web site. You may also use the URL information provided

above to access the latest schematics directly.

Digi Rcm4000 Users Manual RCM4000UM

RCM4000 to the manual be873252-217d-46d0-9c8f-1434a1fffe7d

Navigation menu

Versions of this User Manual:

Views

Navigation