Welcome To Nokia Solutions And Networks 03_9 Nov_Session 1_Chih Lin I 1 03 9 Nov Session Chih
User Manual: 03_9-Nov_Session-1_Chih-Lin-I-1
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Towards Flexible Network and AI
Dr. Chih-Lin I
CMCC Chief Scientist, Wireless Technologies
CMRI, China Mobile
Designing the Flexible 5G System Architecture
The 2nd Global 5G Summit
Nov. 09, 2016, Roma, Italy
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Green Communication Research
Center established in Oct. 2011,
initiated 5G Key Tech R&D.
Rethink Fundamentals: SDAI + UCN
Rethink Shannon
Rethink Ring & Young
Rethink Signaling & Control
Rethink Antenna
Rethink Spectrum & Air Interface
Rethink Fronthaul
Rethink Protocol Stack
To start a green journey of wireless systems
For no more “cells” via C-RAN (SDN/NFV)
To make network application/load aware
To make BS “invisible” via SmarTile
To enable wireless signal to “dress for the occasion” via SDAI
To enable Soft RAN via NGFI
To enable User Centric Cell and real-time flexible air interface via MCD
Green
Soft
Super Fast
“Towards Green & Soft: A 5G Perspective” IEEE Comm. Magazine, Vol.52, Feb.2014
“5G: rethink wireless communication for 2020+”, Philosophical Trans. A. 374(2062), 2015
“New paradigm of 5G wireless internet”, IEEE JSAC, vol.34, no.3, March 2016
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China Mobile 5G Prototype Demo (2014-2016)
2014.2, Greener and Softer Network 2015.3, C-RAN live carrier migration
& SmarTile based Invisible BS 2016.2 SDAI&SmarTile 2.0, Mini C-
RAN/NGFI
2016.6 SDAI (Multiple Access), Mini C-RAN/MEC
(MWC2014) (MWC2015) (MWC2016)
(MWCS2016) 2016.9 SDAI&Smar Tile 2.0, C-RAN multiple nodes server
(PT/EXPOCHINA 2016)
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The Largest
Scale
146M Base stations
34% of Global LTE base stations
1.5M @2016e
The Biggest
User Base
481M Subscribers
32% of Global LTE subscribers
500M@2016e
World’s Largest 4G Network
The Most
Device Choices
2000+ Types of devices
70% are 1,000-Yuan smartphones
The Most
Popular Network
~1.3B Pop coverage rate
99.7% of national population
End of Sep, 2016
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Ecosystem : Collaborate for an Open and Innovative Platform
Beijing
Qingdao
Chengdu
Stockholm
Shanghai
Zhejiang
Chongqing
Member-
Network
Equipment
Huawei
Ericsson
Nokia
ZTE
Datang
Xilinx
Qualcomm
Intel
Leadcore
Spreadtrum
Samsung
Electronics
MediaTek
Member-
Terminal chips
R& S
Keysight
Cobham Wireless
StarPoint
Anite Telecoms
Member-
Instrument Member-
Vertical Industry
Haier
Hisense
Beijing
Shougang
Automation
InfoTech
Wireless Car
BYD
GAC
ENGINEERING
DJI
Changhong
Neusoft
Goer Tek
SAFT SA
EVE Energy
Jinan Towngas
Qingdao IESlab
Philips Lighting
State Grid Smart
Grid Research Institute
Audi China
OVIPHONE
Polycis
CloudMinds
Energizer
Wapwag
Joint
Innovation
Partner
partners have already joined
5G Innovation Center
39
Joint Innovation
Partner
Member
Beijng: Comm. Infrastructure Lab
Qingdao: IoT, Verticals
Open Lab to drive the research,
test and joint innovation
Communication
Infrastructure Lab
Open Lab 2
Open Lab 1 Open Lab 3 ……
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Tech Prototype Test Completed (IMT2020 PG, Sep, 2016)
2015Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4
Massive MIMO
(128TX) 3D-MIMO in single site (128TX, Huawei,
ZTE)
3D-MIMO pre-commerial
products
Full Dulplex
(Interference
cancellation
102dB)
High Frequency
(6GHz-30GHz)
SDAI
ZTE(@Shanghai,15GHz)、Ericsson(@Beijing,
15GHz), Samsung@Beijing(28G)
Cooperate with Huawei, ZTE, Datang Mobile, Cobham (SDAI)
TI、MACOM、Qorvo、 MURATA
Chipset Device
(3D-MIMO、High
frequency)
Full Duplex Prototype
2016Q4
2015Q4
2016Q4
2016Q4
2016Q4
2016Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3
3D-MIMO in scale
(ZTE @ shenzhen, 2.6GHz, Nokia@Beijing, 3.5GHz,
Datang Mobile@beijing, 3.5GHz)
Multiple Access
(SCMA, PDMA,
MUSA )
ZTE(@shanghai,MUSA)、Huawei(@chengdu,SCMA)、
Datang Mobile(@Beijing,PDMA) 2016Q4
Waveform
(F-OFDM, FB-
OFDM )
ZTE(@shanghai,FB-OFDM), Huawei(@chengdu,F-
OFDM) 2016Q4
UDN
( ≥8 eNBs, ≥ 10 UEs) Datang Mobile (@Beijing, UDN prototype test ) 2016Q4
Channel coding
(Polar code) Huawei(@Chengdu, polar code prototype test)
2016Q4
High Freq Prototype
Ericsson、Nokia、Huawei (UCN)
User Centric
Network
Huawei (Full duplex prototype R&D)
Huawei (@ Chengdu, full duplex prototype test)
Huawei (@ Chengdu, full duplex test on small cell)
CMCC
IMT-2020 PG
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eNB S-GW
MME
P-GW
EPC
Charge
node
BOSS
PTN N/W
Charging
info.
Cache missed
Cache hit
Internet
EPC
MEC
HD live
Video center
Video server
RAN
UE
EPC
MEC
RAN as black box
Non-VIP
users
VIP users Service sensing +
optimized scheduling
Field and Lab trial on Cache
•Scenarios: area without core
network cache
•Solutions: Single-level cache and
Two-level cache
•Advantages: latency reduction &
transmission saving
•Key concerns: Charging, Mobility
management
•Lab trial: 50% saving on latency & 50% increase on DL
•Field trial: 17% hit rate at peak traffic time & 16% saving on transport BW
Demo on video optimization for VIP users of iQIYI
• Packet analysis by MEC to distinguish the service and VIP users, then BS informed
• Differentiated wireless BW and latency guarantee provided by BS
Local breakout: trial of Multi-visual-angle live program of competitive sports
•Scenarios: smart gateway, local content forwarding etc.
•Solutions:
Service delivery by eNB
Service delivery by MEC
•Major advantage: latency reduction
•Key concerns: Security
•More than 90 small cells
•Maximum 100 users in service
•0.5s latency compared to live broadcast
UCN Turbo Charged Edge: MEC Trials
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LTE-V+
MBB
Standalone
• V2N:20MHz@2.6GHz
• V2P/V2V/V2I: 10MHz@2.6GHz
(only for demo in G20)
• RSRP≧-85dBm
• SINR ≧ 20dB
• Seamless coverage
(Inter-site distance ~140m)
Small BS at lamppost
LTE-V
RRU@2.6G
Ant
1 Macro BS, 33 Small BSs
EPC
Current MMB
application
A low latency use case
in 5G Intern
et
Transmission
SGW PGW
HSS MME S6a
S11
EPC
deployed
near the
RAN
E2E latency
5G Trial: ~15ms
4G Network: 22-25ms
OTT: 40-45ms
First Cellular based UAV Trial (Aug, 2016) LTE-V Demonstration in G20 (Sep, 2016)
•Use case of uRLLC. For low latency, EPC deployed near the RAN.
•The first step of distribution and virtualization for the Core Network
•Part of achievement in National Project
Collaboration Demo with Verticals
CMCC, SAIC, Huawei, Ali Initial Cellular V2X standard completed
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3GPP Progress in RAN1
•The following items are put on hold until March 2017 (except for forward compatibility considerations):
•Waveforms above 40GHz
•mMTC
•[Flexible duplex of paired spectrum]
•Interworking with non-3GPP systems
•Wireless relay
•Satellite communication
•Air-to-ground and light air craft communications
•Extreme long distance coverage
•Sidelink
•V2V and V2X
•Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
•Shared spectrum and unlicensed spectrum
•[Location/positioning functionality]
•Public warning/emergency alert
•New SON functionality
NR Acceleration in RAN1 by reducing dedicated meeting time for above items
Waveform/MA/Channel coding indentified for NR
Waveform < 40GHz Multiple Access Channel coding
DL Waveform: CP-OFDM
UL waveform: DFT-S-OFDM + OFDM
• DFT-S-OFDM targeting for link budget limited scenario
• OFDM targeting for high data rate
Filter/window applied for each sub-band to
support mixed numerologies design
Orthogonal Multiple Access
selected as the baseline for NR.
• Non-orthogonal MA will be studied further
in Phase II.
• Unified MA framework agreed for
understanding the non-MA schemes better.
LDPC for eMBB medium/long block
size. For small block size (128<X<1024), to
be identified in RAN1 #87 (Nov 14-18,2016)
• Channel coding on Control, URLLC
,
and mMTC
needs further study
Currently focusing on initial access, control, MIMO design
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Protocol: Control Plane Protocol: User Plane
Mobility: Intra-RAT Mobility: Inter-RAT
EPC NG core
FFS NG core
LTE eNB NR gNB NR gNB
LTE eNB
Scenario1 Scenario2
Two scenarios indentified for inter-RAN mobility
• Network control (DL measurement based):
- w/ RRC involvement, e.g., handover between cells
- w/o RRC involvement, e.g., handover betweens beams in one cell
- waiting for related progress/decision in RAN1
• UE control (DL measurement based)
- Cell selection/reselection
• Discussion on UL measurement based mobility
- reducing UE power consumption on DL measurement
- RRC-active, RRC-inactive, idle
• LTE-NR tight interworking
- Focusing RRC relationship between LTE and NR.
- UE depends on a Master Node
•Discussion on New RRC state
- Besides IDLE and CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE is
introduced.
- DL/UL data transmission allowed in this state
•System Information
- Minimum SI for initial access, like SIB0/SIB1 in LTE
- Other SI, On-demand transmission (periodic in LTE)
LTE
NR
Retrans.(ARQ)
RLC (ARQ)
PDCP (handover, split bearer)
RLC(ARQ)
PDCP (handover, split bearer)
Reorder
RLC (always on)
PDCP(dual connection, LWA)
RLC (TBD);
PDCP (always on)
Concatenation
RLC
Being discussed if this function
transferred into MAC
Segmentation
RLC: FI-based/SO-based
RLC: SO-based
LTE-NR tight interwork on UP is also a hot topic and being discussed.
3GPP Progress in RAN2
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3GPP Progress in RAN3
PDCP Low-
RLC High-
MAC Low-
MAC High-
PHY Low-PHY
PDCP Low-
RLC High-
MAC Low-
MAC High-
PHY Low-PHY
Option 5Option 4 Option 6 Option 7
Option 2
Option 1
RRC
RRC
RF
RF
Option 8
Data
Data
High-
RLC
High-
RLC
Option 3
Non-ideal
fronthaul
optimal option
Massive
MIMO
optimal option
Normal
antenna
optimal option
Non-ideal
fronthaul
optimal option
•For ideal fronthaul
–Normal antenna
:
option8
–Massive MIMO
:
option7
•For non-ideal fronthaul
–Option 3(UP)/5(CP)
NGC
gNB
NG-UNG-C
EPC
LTE eNB gNB
S1-C S1-U
EPC
LTE eNB gNB
S1-C S1-US1-U
NGC
eLTE eNB gNB
NG-UNG-C
NGC
eLTE eNB gNB
NG-UNG-U NG-C
NGC
eLTE eNB
NG-U
NG-C
NGC
eLTE eNB gNB
NG-U
NG-C
NGC
eLTE eNB gNB
NG-UNG-U
NG-C
•RAN-CN Interface: 8 architecture options + NG interface definition
•CU/DU function split: 8 architecture options + NG interface definition
Note: Option1 is LTE connected to EPC (4G); Option 6 is NR connected to EPC (neglected); Option 8 is NR connected to EPC and be anchor for LTE (neglected)
Opt 2 Opt 3 Opt 3a Opt 5
Opt 4 Opt 4a Opt 7 Opt 7a
Standalone
Non-Standalone NR
Non-Standalone NR
CMCC’s preferences:
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NGFI Framework
NGFI 1914 WG
1914.3 ?? 1914.1
Partners
IEEE 1914 WG : http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1914/
•2015.06: 1st NGFI WS,NGFI WP released
•2016.02: Officially approved, CMCC lead
•Sponsor: IEEE COM/SDB
•Objectives: High efficient and flexible FH for 5G
•2016.04:The first meeting
•Potential collaboration with 802.1 CM
•2016.04, 1st meeting : administrative framework, 1904.3 transferred into1914.3, LS with 3GPP & CCSA
•2016.08, 2nd meeting : 802.1 CM, Capability gap analysis, and function split analysis
•2016.10, 3rd meeting : Function split recommendation
1914.1:Used cases, Architecture, and Requirements for NGFI
NGFI (xHaul) since 2014 (Function Partition since 2012)
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3GPP Progress in SA2
UE NG-(R)AN NG-UP
AF
AMF SMF
PCF
UDM
DNNG6
NG-CP NG5
NRF
NEF
NG3
NG2NG4
•NF Repository Function (NRF)
•Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)
•Session Management Function (SMF)
•Policy Control Function (PCF)
•UDM
•NG Core User Plane (NG-UP) function
Interim agreement has been achieved for the overall architecture and the key issues related with the system basis
Current interim agreed architecture (To be updated)
1
Support of network slicing
2
QoS framework
3
Mobility management framework
4
Session management
5
Enabling (re)selection of efficient user plane paths
6
Support for session and service continuity
7
Network function granularity and interactions between them
8
Next Generation core and access - functional division and interface
9
3GPP architecture impacts to support network capability exposure
10
Policy Framework
11
Charging
12
Security framework
13
Broadcast/Multicast Capabilities
14
Support for Off-Network Communication
15
NextGen core support for IMS
16
3GPP system aspects to support the connectivity of remote UEs via relay UEs
17
3GPP architecture impacts to support network discovery and selection
18
Interworking and Migration
19
Architecture impacts when using virtual environments
20
Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting between 3GPP and non-3GPP Accesses
21
Minimal connectivity within extreme rural deployments
22
Support of “5G connectivity via satellite” use case
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•5G need a novel design and leverage NFV/SDN to achieve a well designed 5G network
•NFV/SDN and orchestration are the key enabler of the 5G network. 5G brings the best opportunity to deploy NFV/SDN in
large scale.
•3GPP has setup up the time plan of 5G considering the IMT-2020 requirement. Other SODs that related with 5G system are
encouraged to also take the time plan into account.
•To address the technical challenging, the following issues should be taken into account :
NFV/SDN friendly when 3GPP/ITU design 5G
Enable Scale out performance, achieve cloud style resilience
C/U separation and SDN control mechanism
Modularized function design
5G friendly when NFV related SDO develop NFV
Enable Near 100% reliability, 1 ms latency, >Tb/s high throughput
Collaborated work
Slicing management and Orchestrator
All in all, a service oriented design is the goal to make the network programmable, flexible and profitable
‘
Workshop for Collaborative Development of 5G Network & NFV/SDN (Oct 24-25, 2016, Beijing)
Host: China Mobile, IMT-2020, CAICT
Partners: 3GPP SA2, OPNFV, ITU-T,
IMT-2020 FG, 5GPPP
Summary and Recommendations
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Open-O (Orchestrator) officially announced in GTI, Feb 2016
(China Mobile, Huawei, Linux Foundation)
Open-O Release 1.0 ‘SUN’ Released on Nov 7, 2016
The Open-O 1.0 ‘SUN’ with 2M codes released in Nov 2016
Bridging the gap between SDN and NFV, for both residential and enterprise
virtualized customer premises equipment (vCPE) use cases.
(CMCC, CTC, HKT, Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Intel, Redhat, GigaSpaces, …)
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Base on the independence of research points, it can be split into 5 working groups:
Use case definition: define the radio orchestration requirement, C-RAN networking scenarios.
C-RAN industrial Joint WG (Nov. 18, 2016)
Time schedule
2016.11 white paper published and WG start up
Objective: Aligning with industry partners to unify the understanding of C-RAN, Driving the industry to enhance the maturity of C-RAN fit
for operators’ requirements. standardize the interface of SW/HW, north-interface of MANO for CU. Preparing to Pre-commercial PoC and
Field trial. Partners: Huawei, ZTE, Ericsson, Intel, RedHat, WR, Spirent, BroadCom and etc.
2018.6~ Small-scale Field trial
2017.6 CU basic solution to de -
coupling of SW/HW, Orchestration
MANO: abstraction of RAN
service model to achieve template
extension and def.(NSD, VLD,
VNFD, PNFD, FWGD)
Virtualization layer:
Func. and Perf. enhancement to
support RT-processing of RAN,
definition of test specification
1
VNF Split and function definition:
refine RAN split and
VNF(CU/DU) function definition
and interface requirement
2
Common HW platform:
standardization of accelerator
and common HW spec, to
decouple SW and HW.
3
5
4
2017.12~2018.6 PoC of Pre-
commercial C-RAN
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Summary: Era of CT+IT+DT
•World’s Largest 4G/4G+ Network: ~1.46M BSs, ~481M Subscribers
• Sustainability (5G perspective in 2011): Performance + Efficiency/Agility
•Themes: Green, Soft, and Super Fast
•Technology Pearls: Rethink Fundamentals
•E2E 5G: SDX (UCN + SDAI)
•Enabling Tech: SDN/NFV, UCN (C-RAN/MEC/NGFI), and SDAI/MCD
•3GPP: ( >200 NR submissions from CMCC)
•SA2 (SDN/NFV)
•RAN3/RAN2 (C-RAN/NGFI/MCD)
•RAN1(SDAI/MCD)
•China Mobile 5G Joint Innovation Center: Vertical Industry & Ecosystem
•Gap analysis for NR and LTE-A Pro
•Wild Cards: Open 5G (Open-O) & Big Data (CMCC 7K TB/day)
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Thank you!
icl@chinamobile.com