Welcome To Nokia Solutions And Networks 03_9 Nov_Session 1_Chih Lin I 1 03 9 Nov Session Chih

User Manual: 03_9-Nov_Session-1_Chih-Lin-I-1

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1

Towards Flexible Network and AI

Dr. Chih-Lin I

CMCC Chief Scientist, Wireless Technologies

CMRI, China Mobile

Designing the Flexible 5G System Architecture

The 2nd Global 5G Summit

Nov. 09, 2016, Roma, Italy

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Green Communication Research

Center established in Oct. 2011,

initiated 5G Key Tech R&D.

Rethink Fundamentals: SDAI + UCN

Rethink Shannon

Rethink Ring & Young

Rethink Signaling & Control

Rethink Antenna

Rethink Spectrum & Air Interface

Rethink Fronthaul

Rethink Protocol Stack

To start a green journey of wireless systems

For no more “cells” via C-RAN (SDN/NFV)

To make network application/load aware

To make BS “invisible” via SmarTile

To enable wireless signal to “dress for the occasion” via SDAI

To enable Soft RAN via NGFI

To enable User Centric Cell and real-time flexible air interface via MCD

Green

Soft

Super Fast

“Towards Green & Soft: A 5G Perspective” IEEE Comm. Magazine, Vol.52, Feb.2014

“5G: rethink wireless communication for 2020+”, Philosophical Trans. A. 374(2062), 2015

“New paradigm of 5G wireless internet”, IEEE JSAC, vol.34, no.3, March 2016

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3

China Mobile 5G Prototype Demo (2014-2016)

2014.2, Greener and Softer Network 2015.3, C-RAN live carrier migration

& SmarTile based Invisible BS 2016.2 SDAI&SmarTile 2.0, Mini C-

RAN/NGFI

2016.6 SDAI (Multiple Access), Mini C-RAN/MEC

(MWC2014) (MWC2015) (MWC2016)

(MWCS2016) 2016.9 SDAI&Smar Tile 2.0, C-RAN multiple nodes server

(PT/EXPOCHINA 2016)

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The Largest

Scale

146M Base stations

34% of Global LTE base stations

1.5M @2016e

The Biggest

User Base

481M Subscribers

32% of Global LTE subscribers

500M@2016e

World’s Largest 4G Network

The Most

Device Choices

2000+ Types of devices

70% are 1,000-Yuan smartphones

The Most

Popular Network

~1.3B Pop coverage rate

99.7% of national population

End of Sep, 2016

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Ecosystem : Collaborate for an Open and Innovative Platform

Beijing

Qingdao

Chengdu

Stockholm

Shanghai

Zhejiang

Chongqing

Member-

Network

Equipment

 Huawei

 Ericsson

 Nokia

 ZTE

 Datang

 Xilinx

 Qualcomm

 Intel

 Leadcore

 Spreadtrum

 Samsung

Electronics

 MediaTek

Member-

Terminal chips

 R& S

 Keysight

 Cobham Wireless

 StarPoint

 Anite Telecoms

Member-

Instrument Member-

Vertical Industry

 Haier

 Hisense

 Beijing

Shougang

Automation

InfoTech

 Wireless Car

 BYD

 GAC

ENGINEERING

 DJI

 Changhong

 Neusoft

 Goer Tek

 SAFT SA

 EVE Energy

 Jinan Towngas

 Qingdao IESlab

 Philips Lighting

 State Grid Smart

Grid Research Institute

Audi China

 OVIPHONE

 Polycis

 CloudMinds

 Energizer

 Wapwag

Joint

Innovation

Partner

partners have already joined

5G Innovation Center

39

Joint Innovation

Partner

Member

Beijng: Comm. Infrastructure Lab

Qingdao: IoT, Verticals

Open Lab to drive the research,

test and joint innovation

Communication

Infrastructure Lab

Open Lab 2

Open Lab 1 Open Lab 3 ……

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6

Tech Prototype Test Completed (IMT2020 PG, Sep, 2016)

2015Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4

Massive MIMO

（128TX） 3D-MIMO in single site （128TX, Huawei,

ZTE）

3D-MIMO pre-commerial

products

Full Dulplex

（Interference

cancellation

102dB）

High Frequency

（6GHz-30GHz）

SDAI

ZTE（@Shanghai，15GHz）、Ericsson（@Beijing，

15GHz）, Samsung@Beijing(28G)

Cooperate with Huawei, ZTE, Datang Mobile, Cobham (SDAI)

TI、MACOM、Qorvo、 MURATA

Chipset Device

（3D-MIMO、High

frequency）

Full Duplex Prototype

2016Q4

2015Q4

2016Q4

2016Q4

2016Q4

2016Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3

3D-MIMO in scale

(ZTE @ shenzhen, 2.6GHz, Nokia@Beijing, 3.5GHz,

Datang Mobile@beijing, 3.5GHz)

Multiple Access

（SCMA, PDMA,

MUSA ）

ZTE（@shanghai，MUSA）、Huawei（@chengdu，SCMA）、

Datang Mobile（@Beijing，PDMA） 2016Q4

Waveform

（F-OFDM, FB-

OFDM ）

ZTE（@shanghai，FB-OFDM）, Huawei（@chengdu，F-

OFDM） 2016Q4

UDN

（ ≥8 eNBs， ≥ 10 UEs） Datang Mobile (@Beijing, UDN prototype test ) 2016Q4

Channel coding

（Polar code） Huawei(@Chengdu, polar code prototype test)

2016Q4

High Freq Prototype

Ericsson、Nokia、Huawei (UCN)

User Centric

Network

Huawei (Full duplex prototype R&D)

Huawei (@ Chengdu, full duplex prototype test)

Huawei (@ Chengdu, full duplex test on small cell)

CMCC

IMT-2020 PG

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7

eNB S-GW

MME

P-GW

EPC

Charge

node

BOSS

PTN N/W

Charging

info.

Cache missed

Cache hit

Internet

EPC

MEC

HD live

Video center

Video server

RAN

UE

EPC

MEC

RAN as black box

Non-VIP

users

VIP users Service sensing +

optimized scheduling

Field and Lab trial on Cache

•Scenarios: area without core

network cache

•Solutions: Single-level cache and

Two-level cache

•Advantages: latency reduction &

transmission saving

•Key concerns: Charging, Mobility

management

•Lab trial: 50% saving on latency & 50% increase on DL

•Field trial: 17% hit rate at peak traffic time & 16% saving on transport BW

Demo on video optimization for VIP users of iQIYI

• Packet analysis by MEC to distinguish the service and VIP users, then BS informed

• Differentiated wireless BW and latency guarantee provided by BS

Local breakout: trial of Multi-visual-angle live program of competitive sports

•Scenarios: smart gateway, local content forwarding etc.

•Solutions:

Service delivery by eNB

Service delivery by MEC

•Major advantage: latency reduction

•Key concerns: Security

•More than 90 small cells

•Maximum 100 users in service

•0.5s latency compared to live broadcast

UCN Turbo Charged Edge: MEC Trials

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LTE-V＋

MBB

Standalone

• V2N：20MHz@2.6GHz

• V2P/V2V/V2I: 10MHz@2.6GHz

(only for demo in G20)

• RSRP≧-85dBm

• SINR ≧ 20dB

• Seamless coverage

(Inter-site distance ~140m)

Small BS at lamppost

LTE-V

RRU@2.6G

Ant

1 Macro BS, 33 Small BSs

EPC

Current MMB

application

A low latency use case

in 5G Intern

et

Transmission

SGW PGW

HSS MME S6a

S11

EPC

deployed

near the

RAN

E2E latency

5G Trial: ~15ms

4G Network: 22-25ms

OTT: 40-45ms

First Cellular based UAV Trial (Aug, 2016) LTE-V Demonstration in G20 (Sep, 2016)

•Use case of uRLLC. For low latency, EPC deployed near the RAN.

•The first step of distribution and virtualization for the Core Network

•Part of achievement in National Project

Collaboration Demo with Verticals

CMCC, SAIC, Huawei, Ali Initial Cellular V2X standard completed

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3GPP Progress in RAN1

•The following items are put on hold until March 2017 (except for forward compatibility considerations):

•Waveforms above 40GHz

•mMTC

•[Flexible duplex of paired spectrum]

•Interworking with non-3GPP systems

•Wireless relay

•Satellite communication

•Air-to-ground and light air craft communications

•Extreme long distance coverage

•Sidelink

•V2V and V2X

•Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service

•Shared spectrum and unlicensed spectrum

•[Location/positioning functionality]

•Public warning/emergency alert

•New SON functionality

NR Acceleration in RAN1 by reducing dedicated meeting time for above items

Waveform/MA/Channel coding indentified for NR

Waveform < 40GHz Multiple Access Channel coding

DL Waveform: CP-OFDM

UL waveform: DFT-S-OFDM + OFDM

• DFT-S-OFDM targeting for link budget limited scenario

• OFDM targeting for high data rate

Filter/window applied for each sub-band to

support mixed numerologies design

Orthogonal Multiple Access

selected as the baseline for NR.

• Non-orthogonal MA will be studied further

in Phase II.

• Unified MA framework agreed for

understanding the non-MA schemes better.

LDPC for eMBB medium/long block

size. For small block size (128<X<1024), to

be identified in RAN1 #87 (Nov 14-18,2016)

• Channel coding on Control, URLLC

，

and mMTC

needs further study

Currently focusing on initial access, control, MIMO design

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Protocol: Control Plane Protocol: User Plane

Mobility: Intra-RAT Mobility: Inter-RAT

EPC NG core

FFS NG core

LTE eNB NR gNB NR gNB

LTE eNB

Scenario1 Scenario2

Two scenarios indentified for inter-RAN mobility

• Network control (DL measurement based):

- w/ RRC involvement, e.g., handover between cells

- w/o RRC involvement, e.g., handover betweens beams in one cell

- waiting for related progress/decision in RAN1

• UE control (DL measurement based)

- Cell selection/reselection

• Discussion on UL measurement based mobility

- reducing UE power consumption on DL measurement

- RRC-active, RRC-inactive, idle

• LTE-NR tight interworking

- Focusing RRC relationship between LTE and NR.

- UE depends on a Master Node

•Discussion on New RRC state

- Besides IDLE and CONNECTED, RRC_INACTIVE is

introduced.

- DL/UL data transmission allowed in this state

•System Information

- Minimum SI for initial access, like SIB0/SIB1 in LTE

- Other SI, On-demand transmission (periodic in LTE)

LTE

NR

Retrans.(ARQ)

RLC (ARQ)

PDCP (handover, split bearer)

RLC(ARQ)

PDCP (handover, split bearer)

Reorder

RLC (always on)

PDCP(dual connection, LWA)

RLC (TBD);

PDCP (always on)

Concatenation

RLC

Being discussed if this function

transferred into MAC

Segmentation

RLC: FI-based/SO-based

RLC: SO-based

LTE-NR tight interwork on UP is also a hot topic and being discussed.

3GPP Progress in RAN2

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3GPP Progress in RAN3

PDCP Low-

RLC High-

MAC Low-

MAC High-

PHY Low-PHY

PDCP Low-

RLC High-

MAC Low-

MAC High-

PHY Low-PHY

Option 5Option 4 Option 6 Option 7

Option 2

Option 1

RRC

RRC

RF

RF

Option 8

Data

Data

High-

RLC

High-

RLC

Option 3

Non-ideal

fronthaul

optimal option

Massive

MIMO

optimal option

Normal

antenna

optimal option

Non-ideal

fronthaul

optimal option

•For ideal fronthaul

–Normal antenna

：

option8

–Massive MIMO

：

option7

•For non-ideal fronthaul

–Option 3(UP)/5(CP)

NGC

gNB

NG-UNG-C

EPC

LTE eNB gNB

S1-C S1-U

EPC

LTE eNB gNB

S1-C S1-US1-U

NGC

eLTE eNB gNB

NG-UNG-C

NGC

eLTE eNB gNB

NG-UNG-U NG-C

NGC

eLTE eNB

NG-U

NG-C

NGC

eLTE eNB gNB

NG-U

NG-C

NGC

eLTE eNB gNB

NG-UNG-U

NG-C

•RAN-CN Interface: 8 architecture options + NG interface definition

•CU/DU function split: 8 architecture options + NG interface definition

Note: Option1 is LTE connected to EPC (4G); Option 6 is NR connected to EPC (neglected); Option 8 is NR connected to EPC and be anchor for LTE (neglected)

Opt 2 Opt 3 Opt 3a Opt 5

Opt 4 Opt 4a Opt 7 Opt 7a

Standalone

Non-Standalone NR

Non-Standalone NR

CMCC’s preferences:

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NGFI Framework

NGFI 1914 WG

1914.3 ?? 1914.1

Partners

IEEE 1914 WG : http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1914/

•2015.06： 1st NGFI WS，NGFI WP released

•2016.02： Officially approved, CMCC lead

•Sponsor: IEEE COM/SDB

•Objectives: High efficient and flexible FH for 5G

•2016.04：The first meeting

•Potential collaboration with 802.1 CM

•2016.04, 1st meeting : administrative framework, 1904.3 transferred into1914.3, LS with 3GPP & CCSA

•2016.08, 2nd meeting : 802.1 CM, Capability gap analysis, and function split analysis

•2016.10, 3rd meeting : Function split recommendation

1914.1：Used cases, Architecture, and Requirements for NGFI

NGFI (xHaul) since 2014 (Function Partition since 2012)

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3GPP Progress in SA2

UE NG-(R)AN NG-UP

AF

AMF SMF

PCF

UDM

DNNG6

NG-CP NG5

NRF

NEF

NG3

NG2NG4

•NF Repository Function (NRF)

•Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)

•Session Management Function (SMF)

•Policy Control Function (PCF)

•UDM

•NG Core User Plane (NG-UP) function

Interim agreement has been achieved for the overall architecture and the key issues related with the system basis

Current interim agreed architecture (To be updated)

1

Support of network slicing

2

QoS framework

3

Mobility management framework

4

Session management

5

Enabling (re)selection of efficient user plane paths

6

Support for session and service continuity

7

Network function granularity and interactions between them

8

Next Generation core and access - functional division and interface

9

3GPP architecture impacts to support network capability exposure

10

Policy Framework

11

Charging

12

Security framework

13

Broadcast/Multicast Capabilities

14

Support for Off-Network Communication

15

NextGen core support for IMS

16

3GPP system aspects to support the connectivity of remote UEs via relay UEs

17

3GPP architecture impacts to support network discovery and selection

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Interworking and Migration

19

Architecture impacts when using virtual environments

20

Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting between 3GPP and non-3GPP Accesses

21

Minimal connectivity within extreme rural deployments

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Support of “5G connectivity via satellite” use case

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•5G need a novel design and leverage NFV/SDN to achieve a well designed 5G network

•NFV/SDN and orchestration are the key enabler of the 5G network. 5G brings the best opportunity to deploy NFV/SDN in

large scale.

•3GPP has setup up the time plan of 5G considering the IMT-2020 requirement. Other SODs that related with 5G system are

encouraged to also take the time plan into account.

•To address the technical challenging, the following issues should be taken into account :

NFV/SDN friendly when 3GPP/ITU design 5G

Enable Scale out performance, achieve cloud style resilience

C/U separation and SDN control mechanism

Modularized function design

5G friendly when NFV related SDO develop NFV

Enable Near 100% reliability, 1 ms latency, >Tb/s high throughput

Collaborated work

Slicing management and Orchestrator

All in all, a service oriented design is the goal to make the network programmable, flexible and profitable

‘

Workshop for Collaborative Development of 5G Network & NFV/SDN (Oct 24-25, 2016, Beijing)

Host: China Mobile, IMT-2020, CAICT

Partners: 3GPP SA2, OPNFV, ITU-T,

IMT-2020 FG, 5GPPP

Summary and Recommendations

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Open-O (Orchestrator) officially announced in GTI, Feb 2016

(China Mobile, Huawei, Linux Foundation)

Open-O Release 1.0 ‘SUN’ Released on Nov 7, 2016

The Open-O 1.0 ‘SUN’ with 2M codes released in Nov 2016

Bridging the gap between SDN and NFV, for both residential and enterprise

virtualized customer premises equipment (vCPE) use cases.

(CMCC, CTC, HKT, Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Intel, Redhat, GigaSpaces, …)

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Base on the independence of research points, it can be split into 5 working groups：

Use case definition: define the radio orchestration requirement, C-RAN networking scenarios.

C-RAN industrial Joint WG (Nov. 18, 2016)

Time schedule

2016.11 white paper published and WG start up

Objective: Aligning with industry partners to unify the understanding of C-RAN, Driving the industry to enhance the maturity of C-RAN fit

for operators’ requirements. standardize the interface of SW/HW, north-interface of MANO for CU. Preparing to Pre-commercial PoC and

Field trial. Partners: Huawei, ZTE, Ericsson, Intel, RedHat, WR, Spirent, BroadCom and etc.

2018.6~ Small-scale Field trial

2017.6 CU basic solution to de -

coupling of SW/HW, Orchestration

MANO: abstraction of RAN

service model to achieve template

extension and def.(NSD, VLD,

VNFD, PNFD, FWGD)

Virtualization layer:

Func. and Perf. enhancement to

support RT-processing of RAN,

definition of test specification

1

VNF Split and function definition:

refine RAN split and

VNF(CU/DU) function definition

and interface requirement

2

Common HW platform:

standardization of accelerator

and common HW spec, to

decouple SW and HW.

3

5

4

2017.12~2018.6 PoC of Pre-

commercial C-RAN

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Summary: Era of CT+IT+DT

•World’s Largest 4G/4G+ Network: ~1.46M BSs, ~481M Subscribers

• Sustainability (5G perspective in 2011): Performance + Efficiency/Agility

•Themes: Green, Soft, and Super Fast

•Technology Pearls: Rethink Fundamentals

•E2E 5G: SDX (UCN + SDAI)

•Enabling Tech: SDN/NFV, UCN (C-RAN/MEC/NGFI), and SDAI/MCD

•3GPP: ( >200 NR submissions from CMCC)

•SA2 (SDN/NFV)

•RAN3/RAN2 (C-RAN/NGFI/MCD)

•RAN1(SDAI/MCD)

•China Mobile 5G Joint Innovation Center: Vertical Industry & Ecosystem

•Gap analysis for NR and LTE-A Pro

•Wild Cards: Open 5G (Open-O) & Big Data (CMCC 7K TB/day)

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Thank you!

icl@chinamobile.com