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A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: John H. Bracey, Jr. PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 23: Legal Department Case Files, 1960–1972 Series C: The Midwest Section II: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, West Virginia, and Wisconsin A UPA Collection from BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 23: Legal Department Case Files, 1960–1972 Series C: The Midwest Section II: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, West Virginia, and Wisconsin Project Coordinators Adam L. Beckwith and Christian James Guide compiled by Jeffrey T. Coster A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Papers of the NAACP. Supplement to part 23, Legal department case files, 1960–1972 [microform] / edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and Sharon Harley ; project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. microfilm reels.— (Black studies research sources) Summary: Reproduces the working case files of the NAACP’s general counsel and his staff from 1960 through 1972. The files consist of background correspondence discussing strategic decisions in the litigation process, complaints, briefs, transcripts, depositions, and exhibits. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Daniel Lewis and Jeffrey Coster entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the Papers of the NAACP. Supplement to part 23, Legal department case files, 1960–1972. Contents: ser. A, The South. 1. Alabama, Arkansas, and Florida; 2. Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia; 3. Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas—ser. B. The Northeast. 1. Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island—ser. C. The Midwest. 1. Ohio; 2. Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Iowa. ISBN 1-55655-936-4 (series A, section I)—ISBN 1-55655-900-3 (series A, section II)— ISBN 1-55655-608-4 (series A, section III)—ISBN 1-55655-943-7 (series B, section I)— ISBN 0-88692-633-5 (series C, section I)—ISBN 0-88692-761-7 (series C, section II) 1. African Americans—Legal status, laws, etc—History—20th century—Sources. 2. African Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century—Sources. 3. Civil rights movements—United States—History—20th century—Sources. 4. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People—Archives. I. Title: Supplement to part 23. Legal department case files, 1960–1972. II. Title: Legal department case files, 1960–1972. III. Bracey, John H. IV. Harley, Sharon. V. Lewis, Daniel, 1972– VI. University Publications of America (Firm) VII. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Papers of the NAACP. Supplement to part 23, Legal department case files, 1960–1972. VIII. Series. E185.61 973’.0496073—dc21 2003556749 CIP Copyright © 2006 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-88692-761-7. TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note .......................................................................................... ix Source Note .............................................................................................................. xv Editorial Note............................................................................................................. xv Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... xvii Reel Index Group V, Legal Department Case Files Reel 1 Illinois Group V, Box 728 Aurora Branch of NAACP v. McCoy...............................................................1 Blackwell v. Shapiro .......................................................................................1 Group V, Box 729 Blackwell v. Shapiro cont. .............................................................................. 1 Group V, Box 730 Boswell v. NAACP ........................................................................................ 2 Burris, Vernell ............................................................................................... 2 Chapman v. Watson ..................................................................................... 2 Group V, Box 731 Chesley v. Kerner ......................................................................................... 2 Reel 2 Illinois cont. Group V, Box 731 cont. Choate v. Caterpillar Tractor Co.................................................................... Group V, Box 732 Gwynn v. Caldwell ........................................................................................ Group V, Box 739 Illinois Power Co. v. Randolph ...................................................................... James v. Ogilvie ........................................................................................... Group V, Box 740 Littleton v. Berbling ....................................................................................... Manual, Willard F. ......................................................................................... McNeese v. Blair ........................................................................................... Group V, Box 742 Myart v. Motorola .......................................................................................... iii 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Group V, Box 745 Rajala v. Joliet Grade School District No. 86 ................................................ Spears v. Chicago Transit Authority .............................................................. Springfield, Ill. School Case.......................................................................... Stout v. Construction and Gen. Laborers District Council .............................. Taylor (B.) v. Board of Education .................................................................. Taylor (S.) v. Board of Education .................................................................. In re Thomas................................................................................................. Todd v. Joint Apprenticeship Comm. of Steel Workers ................................ Tometz v. Board of Education ....................................................................... Group V, Box 746 Tramble v. Converters Ink Co. ...................................................................... Group V, Box 775 United States v. School Dist. 151 .................................................................. University of Illinois Black Student Association Cases .................................. Waukegan Demonstration Case ................................................................... Webb v. Board of Education ......................................................................... Indiana Group V, Box 781 Boga-Duvose Kidnap Rape Case ................................................................. Bradley v. State ............................................................................................ Group V, Box 782 City of Gary v. Ayers ..................................................................................... Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp. .......................... 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Reel 3 Indiana cont. Group V, Boxes 782 cont.–783 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp. cont. ................. 5 Reels 4–6 Indiana cont. Group V, Boxes 783 cont.–786 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp. cont. ................. 7 Reel 7 Indiana cont. Group V, Boxes 786 cont. Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp. cont. ................. 9 Group V, Boxes 787 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp. ........................................9 Reel 8 Indiana cont. Group V, Boxes 787 cont.–789 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp. cont. ............................ 10 iv Reel 9 Indiana cont. Group V, Boxes 789 cont.–790 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp. cont. ............................ 11 Group V, Box 794 East Chicago Schools................................................................................. 12 Reel 10 Indiana cont. Group V, Box 794 cont. Fair Share Org. v. Philip Nagdeman and Sons............................................ 12 Group V, Box 816 Muncie School Case ................................................................................... 12 Iowa Group V, Box 842 State v. Coffee ............................................................................................ 13 Kansas Group V, Box 844 Bolden, Alan L. ........................................................................................... 13 Brown v. Board of Education (I) .................................................................. 13 Group V, Box 846 Hemphill v. Moseley .................................................................................... 14 Reel 11 Michigan Group V, Box 981 Bell v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers................................ 14 Group V, Boxes 1040–1042 Bradley v. Milliken ....................................................................................... 14 Reels 12–16 Michigan cont. Group V, Boxes 1042 cont.–1049 Bradley v. Milliken cont. .............................................................................. 15 Reel 17 Michigan cont. Group V, Boxes 1049 cont.–1050 Bradley v. Milliken cont. .............................................................................. Group V, Box 1093 Delude v. Koch ........................................................................................... Group V, Box 1094 Flint Branch of the NAACP v. City of Flint ................................................... Higgins v. Board of Education ..................................................................... 19 20 20 20 Group V, Box 1097 Higgins v. Board of Education cont. ............................................................ 20 v Reels 18–19 Michigan cont. Group V, Boxes 1098–1100 Higgins v. Board of Education cont. ............................................................ 20 Reel 20 Michigan cont. Group V, Boxes 1101–1102 Higgins v. Board of Education cont. ............................................................ Group V, Box 1102 cont. Mack v. City of Flint..................................................................................... Madison v. City of Grand Rapids................................................................. Maher v. Cockrel ......................................................................................... Moody v. Bangor Township Board of Trustees............................................ Morrison v. Breakey .................................................................................... Group V, Box 1133 Parents ex rel Students of Tappan Jr. High Schools v. City of Detroit Board of Education ..................................................................................... People v. Andrews ...................................................................................... Ranjel v. City of Lansing ............................................................................. 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Reel 21 Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1134 Woodard v. City of Detroit ........................................................................... 24 Minnesota Group V, Box 1138 Booker v. Special School District No. 1 ....................................................... Briscoe v. United States ............................................................................. Carter v. Gallagher...................................................................................... Ethier, Robert ............................................................................................. Group V, Box 1139 Wilkins v. Independent School District No. 709 ........................................... In re Young ................................................................................................. Zachary v. Deters........................................................................................ Missouri Group V, Box 1223 Boedecker v. Westview Realty Corp. ......................................................... Group V, Box 1226 Darsey v. United States .............................................................................. Group V, Box 1235 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 1 and Hoel ........................ Group V, Boxes 1237–1238 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. ...................................................................... vi 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 Reel 22 Missouri cont. Group V, Box 1238 cont. Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. cont............................................................... 26 Group V, Box 1293 Newsome v. Mason and Hangar-Silas Mason Co. ...................................... 27 Nebraska Group V, Box 1303 Sharpe v. City of Omaha ............................................................................. 27 West Virginia Group V, Box 2425 Anderson v. Board of Education.................................................................. Barker v. Hardway ...................................................................................... Group V, Box 2426 Barker v. Hardway cont............................................................................... Poindexter v. Beckley City Police Department ............................................ Group V, Box 2427 Skateland Skating Rink............................................................................... State Theatre of Bluefield v. Henderson...................................................... 27 27 27 27 28 28 Wisconsin Group V, Box 2427 cont. Alexander v. Maier ...................................................................................... 28 Reel 23 Wisconsin cont. Group V, Box 2428 Alexander v. Maier cont. ............................................................................ Group V, Box 2497 Craig v. Board of School Directors .............................................................. Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board ........................................ Group V, Box 2498 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board cont................................. Gregory v. Laufenberg ................................................................................ Gregory v. Madison Mobile Homes Park..................................................... 28 28 28 29 29 29 Case Index ................................................................................................................. 31 Principal Correspondents Index .............................................................................. 33 Subject Index ............................................................................................................. 37 vii SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE On August 23, 1967, during a deposition in the case of Copeland v. South Bend Community Corporation, NAACP lawyer and lead attorney for the plaintiffs Lewis Steel posed a critical question to South Bend School Superintendent Charles C. Holt: “Given the racial problems that exist in America today, [is] integration…a desirable result which public officials should be trying to achieve?” Holt’s lawyer, L. C. Chapleau, immediately objected on the grounds that the question raised issues beyond the scope of the matter at hand. “I think we are getting into a philosophy that involves the United States [as a whole],” said Chapleau. “We are involved with the trial of certain issues in this case, and I think that the interrogation of this witness should be confined to these questions only insofar as it affects the subject matter of this litigation.… He can answer this one [question], but I don’t know if we continue in such broad questions whether we will permit him to answer” (Reel 7, Frames 0619–0620). Steel’s question, and Chapleau’s objection to it, point to the dilemma at the heart of the NAACP’s legal challenge to racial discrimination in the Midwestern United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, extensively documented in this edition of Papers of the NAACP, Supplement to Part 23: Legal Department Case Files, 1960–1972, Series C: The Midwest, Section II: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Seventy-seven case files reproduced in this collection provide a montage—of discrete people, places, and events—that serves to establish a regional pattern of racial segregation. The problem for a legal strategy directed at changing the overall racial picture was that it relied on working one issue and one case at a time through the courts. While this occasionally resulted in the establishment of a precedent with broad applications, more often than not it exhausted vital resources—including, at times, public goodwill—in pursuit of much more narrow rulings. Steel’s question was certainly important, but Chapleau’s protest was also valid. In fact, individual communities and local government officials across the country would have to confront the implications of Steel’s question in terms of the institutions and social arrangements of their day-to-day lives. The major legal issues highlighted in these documents are segregation in public schools and discrimination in housing, employment, labor union membership, public facilities, and the administration of justice, mostly in the years immediately following the landmark federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a whole, the collection reveals the breadth of situations throughout the ten states covered in which people sought the legal assistance of the NAACP, as well as the limits to the national organization’s ability to respond effectively to those needs. Many of the smaller case files contain only a portion of the material involved in a particular controversy, indicating that the NAACP Legal Department played only a supplementary or advisory role in addressing a grievance. In some instances, NAACP involvement on behalf of a client proved fruitless. One area of relative success for NAACP legal efforts in the late 1960s was the campaign for fair housing. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did not apply to real estate transactions, leaving the problem of discrimination in the sale or lease of housing without a federal standard. Many local jurisdictions in the 1960s attempted to enact fair housing ix ordinances, usually bringing multiple sets of values directly into competition: the rights of property owners versus the right to nondiscriminatory treatment, and the democratic principle of majority rule versus constitutional protections of minority rights. The files here detail local contests over fair housing in Aurora, Illinois (Aurora Branch of NAACP v. McCoy); Springfield, Illinois (Chapman v. Watson); Flint, Michigan (Flint Branch of the NAACP v. City of Flint); and Lansing, Michigan (Ranjel v. City of Lansing)—all of which involved variations on a basic story line: the attempt to enact and enforce local antidiscrimination laws facing either suits to enjoin their implementation or electoral efforts to overturn them through local referenda. In Aurora, the NAACP actually sued to prevent the application of a clause that would have allowed discrimination by real estate brokers if “so directed in writing by the owner of such real estate” (Reel 1, Frame 0064). In Springfield, two brokers sued to prevent the enforcement of an executive order that would have forbidden state officials from renewing the professional licenses of those who engaged in discriminatory practices. In Flint, a successful drive by opponents of the city’s fair housing law forced a referendum on the issue. In Lansing, the U.S. Court of Appeals overruled a lower court’s decision to block a referendum on a local ordinance; the appeals court, though sympathetic to the fair housing law, could not justify preventing a legal election, albeit one that might register a majority rejecting nondiscrimination in housing. The fair housing issue comes to a climax in these files in the case of Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Company. Joseph Lee Jones and Barbara Jo Jones saw their first suit against the Mayer Company dismissed in 1966 by a judge who claimed a lack of jurisdiction over their complaint. While the company may have refused to sell a lot in a new subdivision outside St. Louis to the African American couple, “plaintiffs do not contend that the state has given any affirmative support whatever to defendants’ racially discriminatory practices,” noted the district court judge, who went on to say that there existed nothing that could “compel an unwilling seller to convey his property to them in the absence of a statute so requiring” (Reel 21, Frames 0936–0937). The National Committee against Discrimination in Housing took up the Jones’s appeal, and famed civil rights lawyer and director of the Legal Department of the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, Sol Rabkin, joined their legal aid team, arguing that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was, in effect, a fair housing law, barring as it did the conditions of slavery, including prohibitions—governmental or private—on a citizen’s right to purchase and own property (Reel 21, Frame 1019). The case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld Rabkin’s argument in June of 1968, albeit two months after Congress passed and President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed the last major civil rights law of the 1960s, prohibiting discrimination in the sale or lease of housing. The Supreme Court’s decision in Jones v. Mayer is reprinted here on Reel 22, Frames 0188–0229 and 0230–0264. The centerpiece of this collection is a series of high-profile school desegregation cases in Midwestern metropolitan areas. Reproduced here—because the lead plaintiff filed suit against the school district of Topeka, Kansas—is the Supreme Court decision of 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education declaring “separate is inherently unequal” and officially putting the federal imprimatur on a policy of ending the assignment of students to public schools based on race. While most immediately affecting the southern states that officially maintained dual school systems, the Brown decree had significant implications for the entire country, including those northern and Midwestern communities where years of inequality and racial prejudice in employment and in the housing market had created residential patterns that effectively produced segregated schools. By the 1960s, the mass migration of middle-class families out of central cities and into suburban jurisdictions had exacerbated those patterns. The legal challenges to segregated x schools in places such as Detroit and Grand Rapids, Michigan; South Bend, Indiana; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, were built on the NAACP’s hopes that the Brown decision could be applied broadly to not merely mandate desegregation, but actively work to produce racially integrated schools. Stretched to its logical limits, the Brown decision established a case for eliminating the racial separation of students whatever the cause. Four sets of case files from Indiana highlight one set of legal tactics for addressing segregation outside the Jim Crow system. In Kokomo, South Bend, Muncie, and East Chicago, the NAACP assisted in lawsuits to block the construction of new school buildings on the basis that the sites chosen would continue to draw students in such a way as to perpetuate and enhance the established patterns of de facto racial segregation in the public school systems. The original complaint in Collier v. Kokomo– Center Township Consolidated School Corporation, for example, presented the argument that the new school would be “located in an area from which Negroes have been excluded. Due to its location, it will be 100% or virtually 100% white attended,” with the side effect that the new attendance zones would “ensure the conversion of [the existing] Kokomo High School into a racially segregated Negro school. Kokomo High will also be an inferior facility as compared to the new white high school” (Reel 3, Frames 0337, 0429–0430). The 1967 court ruling in Collier denied the plaintiffs’ request for an injunction against the new school, citing a lack of evidence of deliberate intent to discriminate in the site selection. The judge did, however, rule against the continued operation of predominantly black elementary schools in the district “with their inferior educational resources, facilities, and programs” (Reel 3, Frame 0865) and found problems with the lack of black employees in the school system. Higgins v. Board of Education, concerning the Grand Rapids, Michigan, school system, involves a similar issue to these Indiana cases. Since public school systems are functions of state governments, the NAACP often had to adjust its legal tactics depending on variations in state laws. The school segregation suits in Illinois reproduced here revolved around that state’s Armstrong Act, a 1963 law that allowed local boards of education periodically to revise school attendance zones to prevent and eliminate segregation. The questions raised in Rajala v. Joliet Grade School District No. 86, Tometz v. Board of Education, and the Springfield school case concern the constitutionality of the Armstrong Act and whether it could be applied to situations of de facto segregation. The circuit court decision in Tometz upheld the act as a legitimate tool “by a State in an attempt to correct or remove segregation or racial imbalance in the public school system,” noting that, since Illinois had outlawed de jure segregation in 1909, a 1963 law could not have been intended solely to prohibit state discrimination (Reel 2, Frames 0492–0493). The Tometz decision allowed the Waukegan, Illinois, school board to redraw its boundaries, though perhaps because of two other specific factors in this case: first, the judge decided that the new attendance zones did not create an unreasonable hardship on anyone, and second, that opponents of the plan offered no viable alternative (Reel 2, Frames 0495–0497). The single most important civil rights case contained in this edition of Papers of the NAACP is Bradley v. Milliken, which grew out of an attempt in 1970 to address the growing segregation of the Detroit, Michigan, public schools at a time when the city itself was undergoing a dramatic demographic shift: the population of Detroit itself became predominantly African American, while most whites in the metropolitan area lived in the surrounding suburbs. After the Detroit school board voted to implement a desegregation plan in 1970, a backlash erupted in the city, leading to the electoral recall of four board members and the development of a determined resistance to busing students across portions of the city for the purpose of achieving racial balance in individual schools. In xi 1971 the first trial in the case resulted in a judicial ruling against the school board’s policies as a “prima facie case of state-imposed segregation in Detroit public schools” (Reel 11, Frame 0891). The resulting metropolitan desegregation plan took the approach that a state system could apply a state remedy and included dozens of suburban school districts along with the city in a complex proposal to transport students in order to integrate area schools. The suburban districts promptly sued that their jurisdictions were being unfairly involved in a conflict that they had not contributed to creating. Supporters of the metropolitan plan argued: “No plan can ‘work’ if it offers a ready avenue for resegregation” (Reel 13, Frame 0116). Opponents of the plan included President Richard M. Nixon, whose March 17, 1972, message to Congress included the Student Transportation Moratorium Act, a legislative effort to forestall court-ordered busing. The NAACP enjoyed a brief moment of triumph in 1972 with the judge’s approval of the metropolitan plan. General Counsel Nathaniel R. Jones noted in an internal memorandum on the Milliken case: “We took a Northern city, made a de jure case out of it, proved it and made it stick, and now we have a Metropolitan order. This is the most significant development in school litigation since Brown” (Reel 13, Frame 0287). During the appeal process, which ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court, Jones wrote to NAACP head Roy Wilkins, “The case is now bigger than Detroit. It has significance for every Northern community” (Reel 15, Frame 0707). Unfortunately for Jones and his allies, in July 1974 the Supreme Court struck down the metropolitan plan as an unconstitutional infringement on the outlying districts that were not legally responsible for the discriminatory practices of the Detroit school system. The ruling essentially determined the legal limit of the federal approach to public school segregation that the Brown decision had begun twenty years earlier: officially sanctioned racial segregation in public schools would be prohibited, but cases of racial imbalance in individual schools and school districts caused by housing patterns would be beyond the scope of federal interference. Desegregation, in a narrow legal sense, and not de facto integration, would remain the extent of federal government policy. In the area of employment discrimination, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 1 and Hoel pitted two core constituencies of the national Democratic Party in the 1960s against each other—unionized white workers and African Americans. The case involved the refusal by the St. Louis, Missouri, Building and Construction Trades Council (BCTC), AFL-CIO, to work alongside non–AFL-CIO labor, in this case, a group of black workers of an independent labor organization (Reel 21, Frame 0684). The NAACP filed a charge of unfair labor practices against the BCTC and a judge enjoined the union from striking until the case could be brought before the National Labor Relations Board for a hearing. James v. Ogilvie and Blackwell v. Shapiro contain material on similar cases involving black workers shut out of public construction jobs by discriminatory union practices in Chicago and Springfield, Illinois, respectively. In the latter, Lewis Steel noted that the NAACP’s strategy must remain aggressive against state discrimination and that “we can’t let those unions off the hook that have not opened their doors” to black members (Reel 1, Frame 0261). Linda Choate’s case represents the only one here involving charges of sex discrimination. A Court of Appeals reversed a lower court’s dismissal on a technicality of her claim that Caterpillar refused to hire her solely because she was a woman (see Choate v. Caterpillar Tractor Company). Sixteen cases in this collection involve problems in the administration of justice. Ezell Littleton was the lead defendant in a suit against the office of the state’s attorney for Alexander County, Illinois, in 1972, claiming that attorney Peyton Berbling, his chief investigator, and two county circuit court judges discriminated against black xii complainants and black witnesses. The defendants cited the doctrine of judicial immunity in seeking a dismissal of the charges, claiming that their roles in the court system protected them from personal liability in the exercise of their official functions (see Littleton v. Berbling). In the case of State v. Coffee, a defendant appealed his murder conviction in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on the basis of racially biased remarks made by a member of the jury. Frederick Freeman Darsey, incarcerated in the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri, filed suit in 1970 against the U.S. Bureau of Prisons for cruel and unusual punishment in his treatment, including constant transfers to other facilities, assault, poor conditions within the prisons, and unnecessary hardship in distancing him from his son (see Darsey v. United States). Darsey never disputed his guilt on telephone harassment charges, but protested the treatment to which he had been subjected for merely a misdemeanor conviction, including transfers to seventeen different facilities in twelve months, six weeks in solitary confinement while awaiting transportation, and, most painfully, being unable to communicate with his family during a period in which his mother died. Darsey’s letters paint a grim picture of prison conditions (see especially Reel 21, Frames 0601–0605). Several of the files in this collection relate to cases that predate the landmark federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. These illustrate the existence of racially discriminatory practices even in northern and Midwestern communities that lacked the formal Jim Crow systems of the old South. Gwynn v. Caldwell concerns a suit by multiple defendants who were arrested for refusing to leave a restaurant in Peoria, Illinois, after they were denied service in 1962. The Civil Rights Act later explicitly prohibited this type of discrimination in public accommodations. James E. Gregory III and his family sued two proprietors in Wisconsin who refused to allow him to rent spaces in their trailer parks in 1963 and 1964 (see Gregory v. Laufenberg and Gregory v. Madison Mobile Homes Park). The interpretation of this case turned on whether a trailer park more closely resembled a public accommodation (and thus covered by civil rights law) or private housing, which did not have federal antidiscrimination protection until 1968. In another notable case, a Dr. Deters in St. Paul, Minnesota, refused to treat a Mrs. Zachary, claiming that taking on black patients would hurt his business with white customers (see Zachary v. Deters). The state board of medical examiners issued an official warning of misconduct to the doctor, but no legal mechanism existed to prevent racial discrimination in the provision of medical care. This edition of Papers of the NAACP represents the seventh section of legal case files microfilmed by LexisNexis focusing on the period after 1965. Other parts of Papers of the NAACP that contain significant documentation on the NAACP Legal Department are Part 23: Legal Department Case Files, 1956–1965; Part 22: Legal Department Administrative Files; and Supplement to Part 16: Board of Directors File, 1966–1970. xiii SOURCE NOTE The documents microfilmed for this edition are held by the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. The files selected for this edition were drawn from Group V, Legal Department, Case Files, of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Records collection. EDITORIAL NOTE LexisNexis compiled this edition of Papers of the NAACP after a thorough survey of the Legal Department Case Files in Group V of the NAACP Records collection at the Library of Congress. Each file selected for this edition has been reproduced in its entirety. xv ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations are used three or more times in this guide. AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People xvii REEL INDEX Following is a list of the folders that compose Papers of the NAACP, Supplement to Part 23: Legal Department Case Files, 1960–1972, Series C: The Midwest, Section II: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. The four-digit number on the far left is the frame at which a particular file folder begins. This is followed by the file title and the date(s) of the file. Substantive issues are highlighted under the heading Major Topics, as are prominent correspondents under the heading Principal Correspondents. Major Topics and Principal Correspondents are listed in the order in which they appear on the film, and each is listed only once per folder. Reel 1 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Illinois Group V, Box 728 0001 Aurora Branch of NAACP v. McCoy, 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business; Aurora Fair Housing Board; discrimination in local government employment, education, and public services; building codes. Principal Correspondents: Robert L. Carter; Donald S. Frey; Emily M. Gibson. 0068 Blackwell v. Shapiro—Background Information, 1967–1968. Major Topics: Springfield Human Relations Commission; discrimination in federal contract construction employment and by labor unions; public antidiscrimination demonstrations; discrimination in housing; Springfield League of Women Voters; Ethridge v. Rhodes (prohibition on discrimination in employment and union membership on Ohio State University construction projects). Group V, Box 729 0106 Blackwell v. Shapiro—General Case Material, March–July 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in state contract construction employment and union membership; International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, Local 46, AFL-CIO; Blackwell v. Watson (parallel case against discrimination in federal contract construction employment). Principal Correspondents: Robert L. Carter; Lewis M. Steel; Charles Fishman. 0199 Blackwell v. Shapiro—General Case Material, August–October 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in state contract construction employment and union membership; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: Charles Fishman; Edward F. Casey; Robert L. Carter; Lewis M. Steel. 0282 Blackwell v. Shapiro—General Case Material, 1969. Major Topic: Attorneys’ fees. 1 0302 Blackwell v. Shapiro—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Contractors and Union Agents, 1966–1970. Major Topics: Discrimination in state contract construction employment; Associated General Contractors of Illinois; equal opportunity employment; discrimination in labor union membership. 0437 Blackwell v. Shapiro—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Defendants, 1967–1968. Major Topic: Discrimination in state contract construction employment. 0451 Blackwell v. Shapiro—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Notes, 1968–1969. Major Topic: Discrimination in state contract construction employment. 0504 Blackwell v. Shapiro—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Plaintiffs, 1967–1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in union membership and state contract construction employment; Arthur Lincoln Blackwell; Ethridge v. Rhodes. 0607 Blackwell v. Shapiro—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Witnesses, 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in union membership, private employment, and state contract employment; April 1968 U.S. riots; discrimination in housing; Springfield City Council. Principal Correspondent: Nelson Howarth. Group V, Box 730 0686 Boswell v. NAACP, 1967–1968. Major Topic: Danville NAACP branch; claim for injury in accident. 0706 Burris, Vernell, 1971. Major Topics: Discrimination at Scott Air Force Base. Principal Correspondents: Vernell Burris; George E. Shipley. 0746 Chapman v. Watson, July 1966. Major Topics: State regulation of real estate business; discrimination in housing; United Citizens’ Committee for Freedom of Residence; Equal Opportunity Brokers Association. Principal Correspondent: Donald S. Frey. 0775 Chapman v. Watson, August–October 1966. Major Topics: State regulation of real estate business; discrimination in housing; land ownership. Principal Correspondent: Donald S. Frey. 0897 Chapman v. Watson, 1967–1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in employment and housing. Principal Correspondent: Donald S. Frey. Group V, Box 731 0904 Chesley v. Kerner, 1964. Major Topics: State legislative districts; Otto Kerner; minority voting rights. 2 Reel 2 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Illinois cont. Group V, Box 731 cont. 0001 Choate v. Caterpillar Tractor Co., 1968. Major Topic: Sex discrimination in employment. Group V, Box 732 0009 Gwynn v. Caldwell, 1962. Major Topics: Discrimination in Peoria restaurant; arrest of John H. Gwynn. Group V, Box 739 0017 Illinois Power Co. v. Randolph, 1963. Major Topics: East St. Louis Coordinating Council for Civil Rights Organizations; public demonstrations; discrimination in state employment. 0039 James v. Ogilvie, 1969. Major Topics: Discrimination in federal contract construction employment and labor union membership; Cornelius E. Toole; Legal Office of the Chicago Metropolitan Council NAACP; minority employment in Chicago area construction industry. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Cornelius E. Toole. Group V, Box 740 0075 Littleton v. Berbling, 1972. Major Topics: Discrimination in provision of equal protection by Alexander County and city of Cairo judges and prosecutors; doctrine of judicial immunity (prohibition on civil suits against prosecutors and judges for their decisions in court). 0101 Manuel, Willard F., 1968. Major Topics: Excessive bail; habeas corpus. Principal Correspondent: Willard F. Manuel. 0129 McNeese v. Blair, 1961. Major Topics: Segregation in Community Unit School District Number 187, Cahokia. Group V, Box 742 0147 Myart v. Motorola, 1964. Major Topics: Illinois Fair Employment Practices Commission; discrimination in employment; employment tests. Group V, Box 745 0157 Rajala v. Joliet Grade School District No. 86, 1966. Major Topics: Tometz v. Board of Education, Waukegan City School District No. 61 (case alleging segregation in public schools); Armstrong Act (Illinois law to alter public school districts to prevent segregation); attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: Raymond A. Bolden; Robert L. Carter. 3 0198 Rajala v. Joliet Grade School District No. 86, 1967–1970 and undated. Major Topics: Armstrong Act; Tometz v. Board of Education, Waukegan City School District No. 61 (Armstrong Act ruled unconstitutional); United States v. School District 151 of Cook County, Illinois (suit brought by U.S. Department of Justice alleging segregation in public schools); attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondent: Raymond A. Bolden. 0300 Spears v. Chicago Transit Authority, [1965–]1966. Major Topics: Illinois Fair Employment Practices Commission; discrimination in local government employment. Principal Correspondent: Robert L. Carter. 0319 Springfield, Ill. School Case, 1971. Major Topics: Segregation of black students and black teachers in Springfield School District 186; protests against busing at school board meeting; Armstrong Act. Principal Correspondents: Jack A. Peterson; Joanne Long; Jessica Weber. 0429 Stout v. Construction and Gen. Laborers District Council, 1963. Major Topics: Discrimination of International Hod Carriers Union local in its job referral system. 0438 Taylor (B.) v. Board of Education, 1964. Major Topics: Segregation in Community High School District No. 302, St. Anne; educational facilities; Illinois State Conference of NAACP Branches. 0463 Taylor (S.) v. Board of Education, 1962. Major Topics: Illinois Fair Employment Practices Commission; discrimination in Chicago public school employment. 0471 In re Thomas, 1970. Major Topic: Police brutality, murder, and fraud in the deaths of Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark. 0477 Todd v. Joint Apprenticeship Comm. of Steel Workers, 1963. Major Topics: Ronald L. Todd; Joint Apprenticeship Committee of the Steel Workers of Chicago; International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers Local Union No. 1; Bethlehem Steel Company; Board of Education of the City of Chicago; discrimination in apprenticeship programs, union membership, and employment. 0485 Tometz v. Board of Education, 1966. Major Topics: Segregation in Waukegan City School District No. 61; Armstrong Act. Group V, Box 746 0498 Tramble v. Converters Ink Co., 1971–1972. Major Topics: Discrimination in employment; legal ethics; Legal Office, Chicago Metropolitan Council, NAACP. Principal Correspondents: Malaciah Tramble; Cornelius E. Toole. Group V, Box 775 0546 United States v. School Dist. 151 [ca. 1967]. Major Topic: Segregation of black students and black teachers in Cook County. 4 0552 University of Illinois Black Student Association Cases, 1968–1970. Major Topics: University of Illinois Black Students’ Association; public demonstrations; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: David N. Addison; Raymond A. Bolden. 0566 Waukegan Demonstration Case, 1966. Major Topics: Waukegan NAACP branch members’ participation in riot; attorneys’ fees. 0572 Webb v. Board of Education, 1963. Major Topic: Discrimination in education. Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana Group V, Box 781 0574 Boga-Duvose Kidnap-Rape Case, 1969–1971. Major Topics: Jesse James Duvose; Clinton Boga; Terre Haute NAACP branch; discrimination in police procedure. Principal Correspondents: Syd Finley; Donald E. Turner. 0596 Bradley v. State, 1965. Major Topic: Discrimination in police and judicial procedure. Group V, Box 782 0610 City of Gary v. Ayers, 1965. Major Topic: Discrimination in housing and public facilities. 0635 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Background Information, 1957–1965. Major Topics: Segregation in housing and public schools; educational facilities; federal aid for elementary social studies curriculum development. 0756 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Background Information, 1966. Major Topics: Public participation in urban development; federal aid for elementary social studies curriculum development. Reel 3 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 782 cont. 0001 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Background Information, 1967–1971. Major Topics: Federal aid for elementary school curriculum development; public school administration; public demonstrations led by Kokomo NAACP branch against segregation in housing and public schools. 5 Group V, Box 783 0208 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Background Information, undated. Major Topics: Public school administration; public housing. 0285 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Exhibits, 1967 and undated. Major Topic: Educational facilities. 0308 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, January–April 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools and housing; discipline of white teacher for verbal and physical abuse of black students. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; John Curry; Brunetta Fowler. 0437 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material May–June 1967. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools and housing. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; William D. Joyner. 0556 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, July 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; abuse of black students by white teachers. Principal Correspondent: Lewis M. Steel. 0673 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, August–September 1967. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Patrick E. Chavis Jr.; Robert L. Carter; Willard Ransom; R. Stanley Lawton. 0771 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, October–December 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; discrimination in employment of black teachers. Principal Correspondent: Lewis M. Steel. 0942 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, January–July 1968. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school administration. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Robert Dalton. 6 Reel 4 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 783 cont. 0001 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, August–October 1968. Major Topics: Kokomo school district desegregation plan; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: Patrick E. Chavis Jr.; Lewis M. Steel. Group V, Box 784 0071 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—General Case Material, 1969–1971 and undated. Major Topics: Kokomo school district desegregation plan; new school construction; public school enrollments; black students. Principal Correspondents: Melvin W. Bolden Jr.; Robert A. Wright. 0135 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Interrogatories, May 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in Kokomo public schools; construction contracts. 0226 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Interrogatories, June– July 1967. Major Topics: Discrimination in employment of public school teachers; educational facilities; public school enrollments; black students. Principal Correspondent: Lewis M. Steel. 0345 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Lawyers’ Drafts and Notes, 1968 and undated. 0455 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1–200, 1967. Major Topic: Psychological research on the effects of segregation in schools. 0655 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 201– 400, 1967. Major Topics: Educational facilities; educational tests; public school enrollments; black students; segregation in public schools. 0854 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 401– 600, 1967. Major Topics: Educational facilities; black students; discrimination in employment of black teachers; educational tests; segregation in public schools; new school construction. 7 Reel 5 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 784 cont. 0001 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 601– 800, 1967. Major Topics: New school construction; black students; discrimination in employment of black teachers; educational facilities; public demonstrations led by Kokomo NAACP branch against segregation in housing and public schools. 0202 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 801– 1000, 1967. Major Topics: Verbal and physical abuse of black students by white teachers; discrimination in housing. Group V, Box 785 0403 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1001– 1200, 1967. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; new school construction; discipline of white teachers for verbal and physical abuse of black students; educational facilities; federal aid to education. 0605 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1201– 1400, 1967. Major Topics: Verbal and physical abuse of black students by white teachers; discrimination in employment of black teachers; federal aid to education; segregation in public schools; new school construction. 0806 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1401– 1600, 1967. Major Topics: Discrimination against black students by white teachers; segregation in public schools; discrimination in employment of black teachers. Reel 6 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 785 cont. 0001 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1601– 1800, 1967. Major Topics: Educational materials; public demonstrations against discrimination in public schools; verbal and physical abuse of black students by white teachers; new school construction. 8 Group V, Box 786 0202 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1801– 2087, 1967. Major Topics: Educational facilities; educational materials; discrimination in employment of black teachers. 0491 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 1–200, 1968. Major Topics: Kokomo school district desegregation plan; black students. 0692 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 201– 400, 1968. Major Topics: Kokomo school district desegregation plan; black students; psychological research on the effects of segregation in schools; educational facilities. 0892 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 401– 600, 1968. Major Topics: Kokomo school district desegregation plan; housing conditions; urban development; educational facilities. Reel 7 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 786 cont. 0001 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp.—Transcript, pp. 601– 851, 1968. Major Topics: Educational facilities; Kokomo school district desegregation plan. Group V, Box 787 0254 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Background Information— Committees, 1963–1966. Major Topics: Discrimination in employment of black teachers; South Bend NAACP branch; segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Daniel E. Peil; Thomas H. Singer. 0300 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Background Information— Education[al] Reorganization Program, May 1968. Major Topic: School desegregation plan. 0323 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Background Information— Newspaper Clippings, 1965–1967 and undated. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; black teachers; new school construction; J. Chester Allen Sr.; educational facilities. 9 0361 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Background Information— South Bend Schools [1963–1967]. Major Topics: Black teachers; curricula; black students; public school enrollments; federal aid to education; school desegregation plan. 0448 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Deposition—Dake, Donald A., 1967. Major Topics: Educational facilities; federal aid to education; black students; segregation in public schools; discrimination in employment of black teachers. 0592 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Deposition—Holt, Charles C., 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; black students; educational facilities; race relations; federal aid to education. 0728 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Exhibits, Alphabetical, B–K, 1966–1967. Major Topic: Statistical data on public school teachers and black public school employees. 0884 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Exhibits, Alphabetical, L–P, 1966–1967. Major Topics: Special education; curricula. Reel 8 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 787 cont. 0001 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Exhibits, Alphabetical, Q–R, 1966–1967. Major Topics: Educational materials; educational finance. Group V, Box 788 0145 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Exhibits: Alphabetical, S–EE, 1966–1967. Major Topics: Educational finance; new school construction. 0254 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Exhibits: Miscellaneous, 1966–1967. Major Topics: Black students; educational facilities; educational materials; special education; educational finance; federal aid to education. Principal Correspondents: Lynne Schneiders; Charles E. “Ed” Noll. 0423 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Exhibits: Numerical, 1966– 1967. Major Topics: Value of South Bend Community School Corporation property; public school employees; curricula; teachers; educational facilities. 10 0512 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, January–May 1966. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; new school construction. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Daniel E. Peil; Charles H. Willis; Robert L. Carter; Lynne Schneiders. 0627 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, June– December 1966. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Daniel E. Peil; Charles H. Wills; Lewis M. Steel; J. Chester Allen Jr. 0704 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, January–February 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; educational facilities. Principal Correspondents: J. Chester Allen Jr.; Charles H. Wills; Lewis M. Steel; Arthur J. Perry; Louis C. Chapleau. 0834 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, March 1967. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Louis C. Chapleau; Lewis M. Steel; Arthur J. Perry; J. Chester Allen Jr. 0916 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, April 1967. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Louis C. Chapleau; Lewis M. Steel; Arthur J. Perry; J. Chester Allen Jr. Group V, Box 789 1008 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, May– July 1967. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Robert Crain; Lewis M. Steel; J. Chester Allen Jr. Reel 9 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 789 cont. 0001 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, August–October 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Pat Berg. 11 0137 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—General Case Material, 1968– 1970 and undated. Major Topic: South Bend NAACP branch reaction to school district desegregation plan. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Louis C. Chapleau; Roy Wilkins; Charles C. Holt. 0210 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Drafts, 1966–1967 and undated. 0331 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Miscellaneous, 1966–1967. 0363 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Notes, 1966–1967. 0436 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Transcript: Vol. I, December 30, 1966. Major Topic: Safety of public school building. 0641 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Transcript: Vol. II, December 30, 1966. Major Topic: Safety of public school building. Group V, Box 790 0814 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp.—Withdrawn Case Material [Transcript, August 28, 1967]. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; educational facilities and materials; black students. Group V, Box 794 0961 East Chicago Schools, 1967–1968 and undated. Major Topics: New school construction; segregation in public schools; East Chicago NAACP branch. Principal Correspondents: Lester A. White; Jessie G. White; Joan Franklin. Reel 10 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Indiana cont. Group V, Box 794 cont. 0001 Fair Share Org. v. Philip Nagdeman and Sons [1963]. Major Topic: Public protest of retail store’s discrimination in employment. Group V, Box 816 0020 Muncie School Case—Background Information, 1961–1968. Major Topics: State civil rights laws; segregation in public schools. 12 0055 Muncie School Case—Document File: Nos. 1–32, 1966–1968. Major Topics: New school construction; urban development; segregation in public schools; Muncie NAACP branch; discrimination in housing. Principal Correspondents: Hurley Goodall; John V. Hamilton. 0191 Muncie School Case—Document File: Nos. 33–111, 1966–1968. Major Topics: New school construction; segregation in public schools; Muncie Human Rights Commission; arrests and expulsion of high school students for fighting. Principal Correspondents: John V. Hamilton; John B. Beasley. 0382 Muncie School Case—General Case Material, 1967. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; educational facilities; new school construction; Muncie NAACP branch; discrimination in employment. Principal Correspondents: John V. Hamilton; T. Frank Yuhas. 0446 Muncie School Case—General Case Material, 1968 and undated. Major Topics: Muncie Human Rights Commission; segregation in public schools; new school construction; Muncie NAACP branch. Principal Correspondents: Hurley Goodall; John V. Hamilton; Joan Franklin; Robert L. Van Lierop. Group V, Legal Department Case Files Iowa Group V, Box 842 0589 State v. Coffee, 1969–1971 and undated. Major Topic: Juror racial prejudice in murder conviction of Hoover L. Coffee. Principal Correspondents: Hoover L. Coffee; Thomas M. Kelly Jr.; James I. Meyerson; Judith Savitz. Group V, Legal Department Case Files Kansas Group V, Box 844 0722 Bolden, Alan L., 1968. Major Topic: Court-martial of Airman Alan L. Bolden for theft at McConnell Air Force Base. 0879 Bolden, Alan L., 1969. Major Topic: Court-martial of Airman Alan L. Bolden for theft at McConnell Air Force Base. Principal Correspondent: J. Francis Polhaus. 0889 Brown v. Board of Education (I), 1952–1954. Major Topic: U.S. Supreme Court decision prohibiting segregation in public schools. 13 Group V, Box 846 0919 Hemphill v. Moseley [1967–1972]. Major Topic: Court-martial of U.S. Army Private Gregory J. Hemphill for automobile theft and assault. Principal Correspondents: Gregory J. Hemphill; Jonathan M. Landers. Reel 11 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan Group V, Box 981 0001 Bell v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 1969–1970. Major Topic: Discrimination in admission to union-run electrical apprenticeship program. Group V, Box 1040 0083 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, 1969. Major Topic: Ford Foundation grant to Detroit public schools. Group V, Box 1041 0144 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, May–August 1970. Major Topic: Segregation in Detroit public schools. Principal Correspondents: June Shagaloff; Nathaniel R. Jones. 0197 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, September 1970. Major Topics: Attorneys’ fees; segregation in Detroit public schools. Principal Correspondents: Louis R. Lucas; Nathaniel R. Jones; E. Winther McCroom; William E. Caldwell. 0299 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, October 1970. Major Topics: Appellate procedure; segregation in Detroit public schools. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0407 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, November 1970. Major Topic: Segregation in Detroit public schools. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Louis R. Lucas. 0466 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, December 1970. Major Topics: Segregation in Detroit public schools; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0607 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, January–February 1971. Major Topics: Detroit Board of Education; appellate procedure. Principal Correspondent: George E. Bushnell Jr. 0722 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, March–June 1971. Major Topics: Appellate procedure; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: William H. Penn Sr.; Nathaniel R. Jones. 14 Group V, Box 1042 0765 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 1971. Major Topics: Segregation in Detroit public schools; attorneys’ fees. 0940 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, August–September 1971. Major Topic: Segregation in Detroit public schools. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. Reel 12 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan Group V, Box 1042 cont. 0001 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, October–November 1971. Major Topics: Segregation in Detroit public schools; school busing; Roy Innes; Coleman Young. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; George E. Bushnell Jr.; Philip A. Hart; William G. Milliken. 0097 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, December 1971. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondents: Louis R. Lucas; Nathaniel R. Jones; Roy Wilkins; Stephen J. Roth. 0268 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, January 1972. Major Topics: School busing; metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; urban development. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; William E. Caldwell; Louis R. Lucas; Stephen J. Roth. Group V, Box 1043 0436 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, February 1–5, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondents: Louis R. Lucas; Stephen J. Roth; Nathaniel R. Jones; William E. Caldwell. 0582 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, February 9–29, 1972. Major Topics: Grosse Pointe public schools; metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; Southfield public schools; Royal Oak public schools; school busing. Principal Correspondents: Louis R. Lucas; Eugene Krasicky; John W. Porter. 0715 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, March 1–13, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondents: George T. Roumell Jr.; Jessie M. Dillard; Richard M. Nixon. 15 0822 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, March 15–21, 1972. Major Topics: School busing; discrimination in education; metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Principal Correspondent: Richard M. Nixon. 0910 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, March 22–30, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Reel 13 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1043 cont. 0001 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, April 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Group V, Box 1044 0086 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, May 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; Southfield public schools; Allen Park public schools; public school enrollments; black students. 0274 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, June 2–18, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0376 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, June 19–30, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; William G. Milliken; school busing. Principal Correspondent: John W. Porter. 0489 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 3–11, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 0621 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 12–17, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 0732 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 19, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Group V, Box 1045 0845 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 20–26, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 16 Reel 14 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1045 cont. 0001 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 27–28, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; Birmingham (Michigan) school district. 0060 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 29–31, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; public school enrollments; black students; school busing. Principal Correspondents: John W. Porter; Nathaniel R. Jones; Mary C. Brown. Group V, Box 1046 0157 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, August 2–13, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 0215 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, August 14, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; educational finance. 0391 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, ca. August 14, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure. 0557 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, August 16–25, 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0649 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, ca. August 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 0826 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, September 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing; Southfield public schools; public school enrollments; public school administration. Group V, Box 1047 0950 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, October–November 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Reel 15 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1047 cont. 0001 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, December 2–7, 1972. Major Topics: Public school administration; educational finance. Principal Correspondent: George T. Roumell Jr. 17 0096 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, December 8–22, 1972. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 0231 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, ca. 1972. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; black students; discrimination in employment of black teachers. 0472 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, January 1973. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure. 0538 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, February–May 1973. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; public school enrollment; discrimination in housing; public school employees. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Paul R. Dimond. Group V, Box 1048 0652 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, June 12, 1973. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. 0692 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, June 14–18, 1973. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Principal Correspondents: Paul R. Dimond; Nathaniel R. Jones. Reel 16 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1048 cont. 0001 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 1973. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; Center for Law and Education, Harvard University; Rockefeller Brothers Fund. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Michael Bennett. 0111 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, August–September 1973. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; public school administration. Principal Correspondents: Louis R. Lucas; Norman Chackin; Paul R. Dimond. 0251 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, October 1973. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0373 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, November–December 1973. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; J. Harold Flannery; William M. Saxton; Paul R. Dimond. Group V, Box 1049 0470 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, ca. 1973. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure. 18 0534 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, January 1–2, 1974. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure. 0654 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, January 3–30, 1974. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0779 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, February 1, 1974. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; appellate procedure; public school enrollments; black students. Reel 17 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1049 cont. 0001 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, February 2, 1974. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; public school administration. 0153 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, February 4–18, 1974. Major Topics: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; public school enrollments; black students. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. Group V, Box 1050 0288 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, March–June 1974. Major Topic: Metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0345 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 1–25, 1974. Major Topics: U.S. Supreme Court decision nullifying metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Jesse F. Goodwin. 0529 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, July 26–29, 1974. Major Topics: U.S. Supreme Court decision nullifying metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondent: Nathaniel R. Jones. 0579 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, August–September 1974. Major Topics: U.S. Supreme Court decision nullifying metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; school busing. Principal Correspondents: Louis R. Lucas; Nathaniel R. Jones; Frank J. Kelley; Jack Dziamba. 0653 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, October 1974. Major Topics: U.S. Supreme Court decision nullifying metropolitan Detroit school desegregation plan; discrimination in housing. Principal Correspondents: William L. Taylor; Martin E. Sloane. 19 0729 Bradley v. Milliken—General Case Material, November–December 1974. Major Topics: Attorneys’ fees; segregation in Detroit public schools; school busing. Principal Correspondents: Jesse F. Goodwin; Paul R. Dimond. Group V, Box 1093 0831 Delude v. Koch [1970]. Principal Correspondent: A. Glenn Epps. Group V, Box 1094 0835 Flint Branch of the NAACP v. City of Flint, 1968. Major Topic: Referendum on Flint fair housing ordinance. 0873 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix Index, 1953–1973. Group V, Box 1097 0880 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiff No. 2, undated. Major Topics: Segregation in Grand Rapids public schools; educational facilities. 0986 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 49, 1968–1973. Major Topic: Public school administration. Principal Correspondent: Louis R. Lucas. 1007 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 50, 1960–[1964]. Major Topic: Public school administration. 1021 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 51, 1968. Major Topics: Housing conditions in Grand Rapids; discrimination in housing; black students. Reel 18 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1098 0001 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 52–54, undated. Major Topic: Public school enrollments. 0005 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 55, 1962–1963. Major Topic: Public school administration. 0027 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 56, 1952. Major Topic: Educational facilities. 0055 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 57, 1972. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. 0058 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 58, 1971. Major Topic: Educational facilities. 20 0264 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 59 (A–E), 1951 and 1958–1960. Major Topic: Public school administration. 0341 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 61, 1955. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. 0343 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 62, 1951. Major Topic: Public school administration. 0396 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 63, 1954. Major Topic: Segregation in Grand Rapids public schools. Principal Correspondent: Alphonse Lewis Jr. 0407 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 64, 1955. Major Topic: Segregation in Grand Rapids public schools. Principal Correspondent: Alphonse Lewis Jr. 0413 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 65, 1958. Major Topic: Discrimination in employment of black teachers. 0416 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 66, 1971. Major Topics: Grand Rapids Educational Park; educational facilities; curricula; educational innovations. 0583 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 73, 1955 and 1963–1968. Major Topics: Grand Rapids Human Relations Commission; Grand Rapids fair housing ordinance. 0593 Higgins v. Board of Education—Appendix: Exhibits, Plaintiffs No. 83, 1940–1954. Major Topics: Public school enrollments; black students. 0614 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: Boundary Changes, 1967 and undated. Major Topic: Segregation in Grand Rapids public schools. 0634 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: Campau Area, 1953 and undated. Major Topics: Segregation in Grand Rapids public schools; psychological research on the effects of segregation in schools. 0685 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: Faculty and Staff, 1954– 1972. Major Topics: Public school employees; black teachers; public school enrollments; black students. Group V, Box 1099 0710 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: General, 1960–1972 and undated. Major Topics: Discrimination by teachers in Grand Rapids public schools; segregation in Grand Rapids public schools; statistical data on population and housing in Grand Rapids. Principal Correspondent: J. V. Williams. 21 0784 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: Optional Zones, undated. 0787 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: School Construction 1972 and undated. Major Topic: Educational facilities. 0800 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: Testimony, 1972–1973 and undated. Major Topics: Public school enrollments; black students; educational facilities. Principal Correspondent: Gordon Foster. 0883 Higgins v. Board of Education—Background Information: Witnesses, 1969–1973 and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination in housing. Principal Correspondent: Jerris Leonard. 0912 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, 1969–1970. Major Topics: Educational tests; segregation in public schools; school busing. Principal Correspondents: Betty Tardy; Nathaniel R. Jones; Louis R. Lucas. Reel 19 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1099 cont. 0001 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, 1971. Major Topics: Discrimination in construction industry employment; low-income housing; school busing; segregation in public schools. 0110 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, January 1972. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; discrimination in housing. 0184 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, February 1972. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school administration; public school employee salaries; public school enrollments; educational materials. Group V, Box 1100 0308 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, March 1972. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school employee salaries; new school construction; public school enrollments; educational materials. 0457 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, April 1972. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school employee salaries and policies; public school enrollments; new school construction. 0627 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, May–June 1972. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school enrollments; new school construction. 22 0748 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, July 1972. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school enrollments; federal aid to education; public school administration; educational facilities. 0882 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, August–October 1972. Major Topics: Educational finance; public school enrollments; segregation in public schools; new school construction. 1007 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, November–December 1972. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Reel 20 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1101 0001 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, January–March 1973. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Louis R. Lucas. 0111 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, April 1973. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; discrimination in public school employment. 0203 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, July 10–13, 1973. Major Topics: Attorneys’ fees; public school employees; enrollments in public school special education programs. 0291 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, July 18–31, 1973. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; public school enrollments; discrimination in housing; new school construction; discrimination in public school employment. 0417 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, August–December 1973. Major Topics: Attorneys’ fees; appellate procedure. Principal Correspondent: Louis R. Lucas. 0474 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, January–February 1974. Major Topic: Appellate procedure. Principal Correspondent: Frank J. Kelley. 0548 Higgins v. Board of Education—General Case Material, March 1974. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. 0598 Higgins v. Board of Education: General Case Material, April–December 1974. Major Topics: Segregation in public schools; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: Paul R. Dimond; Phillip E. Runkel; Nathaniel R. Jones; Betty Tardy. 23 Group V, Box 1102 0699 Higgins v. Board of Education: Lawyers Notes & Drafts, 1970–1974 and undated. Major Topic: Segregation in public schools. 0747 Mack v. City of Flint: Case Files, 1967. Major Topic: Public demonstration in Flint. 0750 Madison v. City of Grand Rapids: Case Files, 1962–1964. Major Topic: Discrimination in police department employment. 0763 Maher v. Cockrel: Case Files, 1968. Major Topic: Contempt of court. 0770 Moody v. Bangor Township Board of Trustees: Case Files, 1970–1971. Major Topic: Federal aid to low-income housing. Principal Correspondent: Ronald S. Haughton. 0800 Morrison v. Breakey: Case Files, 1960–1961. Major Topic: Discrimination in administration of justice. Principal Correspondent: Leo Morrison. Group V, Box 1133 0828 Parents ex rel Students of Tappan Junior High School v. City of Detroit Board of Education—Case Files, 1971 and undated. Major Topic: Poor condition of public school facilities. 0840 People v. Andrews—Case Files, 1966. Major Topic: Discrimination in administration of justice. Principal Correspondents: Huey Andrews; Alfred P. Stuart. 0845 Ranjel v. City of Lansing—Case Files, 1969. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; zoning of low-income housing. Reel 21 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Michigan cont. Group V, Box 1134 0001 Woodard v. City of Detroit—Case Files, 1971–1972 and undated. Major Topics: Southwest Detroit NAACP branch; Capitol Carriage Company; property values; commercial development of publicly owned land in urban residential area. Principal Correspondents: James I. Meyerson; Edward C. King; Roland Nicholson. 24 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Minnesota Group V, Box 1138 0102 Booker v. Special School District No. 1, 1971–1972. Major Topics: Segregation in Minneapolis public schools; discrimination in public school employment. Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel R. Jones; Louis R. Lucas; Charles Quaintance Jr. 0129 Briscoe v. United States, 1970. Major Topics: Appellate procedure; plea bargaining. Principal Correspondents: Carl Briscoe; Melvin W. Bolden Jr. 0209 Carter v. Gallagher, 1971–1972. Major Topic: Discrimination in employment in Minneapolis Fire Department. Principal Correspondent: Arvid M. Falk. 0294 Ethier, Robert, 1972. Major Topic: Discrimination in employment tenure at Winona State College. Principal Correspondent: Robert O. Ethier. Group V, Box 1139 0348 Wilkins v. Independent School District No. 709, 1972 and undated. Major Topic: Segregation in Duluth public schools. Principal Correspondents: James I. Meyerson; J. Harold Flannery. 0382 In re Young, 1966–1967 and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination in graduate studies program at University of Minnesota. Principal Correspondents: Katie Pearl Young; Joan Franklin. 0472 Zachary v. Deters, 1960–1961. Major Topic: Discrimination by a physician in St. Paul. Principal Correspondents: Benjamin F. Zachary; Leonard H. Carter; Donald G. Deters. Group V, Legal Department Case Files Missouri Group V, Box 1223 0487 Boedecker v. Westview Realty Corp., 1968. Major Topic: Zoning laws and urban development in St. Louis. Group V, Box 1226 0494 Darsey v. United States, 1969–1970. Major Topics: Prison conditions; treatment of prisoners. Principal Correspondent: Frederick Freeman Darsey. 25 Group V, Box 1235 0661 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 1 and Hoel, January–August 1966. Major Topics: Discrimination in federal contract construction employment and by labor unions in St. Louis; strike by Building and Construction Trades Council of St. Louis, AFL-CIO and International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 1, AFL-CIO; Congress of Independent Unions; Hoel-Steffen Construction Company; National Labor Relations Board. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hunn; Robert L. Carter; Ina Boon; Lewis M. Steel. 0788 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 1 and Hoel, September–October 1966. Major Topic: Discrimination in federal contract construction employment and by labor unions in St. Louis. 0870 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 1 and Hoel, 1967 and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination in federal contract construction employment and by labor unions in St. Louis. Group V, Box 1237 0895 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 1965–1966. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing; real estate business. Principal Correspondent: Sol Rabkin. 0991 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 1967. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. Principal Correspondent: Sol Rabkin. Group V, Box 1238 1088 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., January 2–16, 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. Principal Correspondents: Sol Rabkin; William L. Taylor; Robert L. Carter Reel 22 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Missouri cont. Group V, Box 1238 cont. 0001 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., January 17–31, 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. Principal Correspondents: Sol Rabkin; Samuel H. Liberman. 0104 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., February–May 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. Principal Correspondent: Sol Rabkin. 0187 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., June–July 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 26 Group V, Box 1293 0270 Newsome v. Mason and Hangar-Silas Mason Co., 1971–1972 and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination in construction industry employment. Group V, Legal Department Case Files Nebraska Group V, Box 1303 0279 Sharpe v. City of Omaha—Background Information—Cases, 1975. Group V, Legal Department Case Files West Virginia Group V, Box 2425 0282 Anderson v. Board of Education, 1963–1964. Major Topic: Segregation in Mercer County public schools. 0298 Barker v. Hardway—Background Information, undated. Major Topics: Rights of college students; Bluefield State College student demonstration. 0322 Barker v. Hardway—General Case Material, 1967. Major Topics: Discipline of students at Bluefield State College for participation in public demonstration. Principal Correspondents: Wendell G. Hardway; Donald D. Craft; Herbert H. Henderson. Group V, Box 2426 0392 Barker v. Hardway—General Case Material, January–July 1968. Major Topic: Discrimination against black students by administration of Bluefield State College. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Herbert H. Henderson. 0456 Barker v. Hardway—General Case Material, August–December 1968. Major Topic: Discipline of students at Bluefield State College for participation in public demonstration. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel. 0593 Barker v. Hardway—General Case Material, 1969 and undated. Major Topic: Discipline of students at Bluefield State College for participation in public demonstration. 0605 Barker v. Hardway—Lawyers Notes, undated. 0672 Poindexter v. Beckley City Police Department, 1970–1972 and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination by Beckley police. Principal Correspondent: Herbert H. Henderson. 27 Group V, Box 2427 0816 Skateland Skating Rink, 1966. Major Topic: Discrimination in public facilities. Principal Correspondent: Robert L. Carter. 0828 State Theatre of Bluefield v. Henderson, 1960–1961. Major Topic: Public protest of discrimination in public facilities. Group V, Legal Department Case Files Wisconsin 0835 Alexander v. Maier, 1965. Major Topics: Public demonstrations; right of assembly. 0859 Alexander v. Maier, August–September 1967. Major Topic: Local regulation of public demonstrations in Milwaukee. Principal Correspondents: Ray A. Alexander; Henry W. Maier; James M. Shellow. 0968 Alexander v. Maier, October–December 1967. Major Topics: Local regulation of public demonstrations in Milwaukee; discrimination in housing. Principal Correspondent: Lewis M. Steel. Reel 23 Group V, Legal Department Case Files Wisconsin Group V, Box 2428 0001 Alexander v. Maier, 1968. Major Topics: Local regulation of public demonstrations in Milwaukee; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondents: Lewis M. Steel; Percy L. Julian Jr. 0077 Alexander v. Maier, 1969–1970 and undated. Major Topics: Local regulation of public demonstrations in Milwaukee; attorneys’ fees. Principal Correspondent: Percy L. Julian Jr. Group V, Box 2497 0123 Craig v. Board of School Directors, 1968. 0125 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Background Information, 1945– 1948, 1959–1966, and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination in housing. 0165 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Background Information, 1967– 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. Principal Correspondent: Ray Ford. 28 0201 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Background Information, 1970– 1971. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. Group V, Box 2498 0259 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—General Case Material, undated. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 0363 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Drafts, undated (1 of 2). Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 0458 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Lawyers Notes and Drafts— Drafts, undated (2 of 2). Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 0551 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Lawyers Notes and Drafts: Notes, undated. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 0656 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Transcripts: 1st Hearing, September 18, 1967. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 0837 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board—Transcripts: 2nd Hearing, March 18, 1968. Major Topics: Discrimination in housing; real estate business. 0946 Gregory v. Laufenberg, 1963. Major Topic: Discrimination in public facilities. 0982 Gregory v. Madison Mobile Homes Park, 1964 and undated. Major Topic: Discrimination in public facilities. 29 CASE INDEX The following index is a guide to the legal cases in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the file containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 22: 0835 directs researchers to Frame 0835 of Reel 22. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, listed in the order in which they appear on the film and only once per folder. Alexander v. Maier 22: 0835–23: 0077 Anderson v. Board of Education 22: 0282 Aurora Branch of NAACP v. McCoy 1: 0001 Barker v. Hardway 22: 0298–0605 Bell v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 11: 0001 Blackwell v. Shapiro 1: 0068–0607 Blackwell v. Watson 1: 0106 Boedecker v. Westview Realty Corporation 21: 0487 Booker v. Special School District No. 1 21: 0102 Boswell v. NAACP 1: 0686 Bradley v. Milliken 11: 0083–17: 0729 Bradley v. State 2: 0596 Briscoe v. United States 21: 0129 Brown v. Board of Education 10: 0889 Carter v. Gallagher 21: 0209 Chapman v. Watson 1: 0746, 0775, 0897 Chesley v. Kerner 1: 0904 Choate v. Caterpillar Tractor Company 2: 0001 City of Gary v. Ayers 2: 0610 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consolidated School Corporation 2: 0635–7: 0001 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corporation 7: 0254–9: 0814 Craig v. Board of School Directors 23: 0123 Darsey v. United States 21: 0494 Delude v. Koch 17: 0831 Ethridge v. Rhodes 1: 0068, 0504 Fair Share Organization v. Philip Nagdeman and Sons 10: 0001 Flint Branch of the NAACP v. City of Flint 17: 0835 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board 23: 0125–0837 Gregory v. Laufenberg 23: 0946 Gregory v. Madison Mobile Homes Park 23: 0982 Gwynn v. Caldwell 2: 0009 31 Hemphill v. Moseley 10: 0919 Higgins v. Board of Education 17: 0873–20: 0699 Illinois Power Co. v. Randolph 2: 0017 James v. Ogilvie 2: 0039 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Company 21: 0895–22: 0187 Littleton v. Berbling 2: 0075 Mack v. City of Flint 20: 0747 Madison v. City of Grand Rapids 20: 0750 Maher v. Cockrel 20: 0763 McNeese v. Blair 2: 0129 Moody v. Bangor Township Board of Trustees 20: 0770 Morrison v. Breakey 20: 0800 Myart v. Motorola 2: 0147 Newsome v. Mason and Hangar-Silas Mason Company 22: 0270 Parents ex rel Students of Tappan Junior High School v. City of Detroit Board of Education 20: 0828 People v. Andrews 20: 0840 Poindexter v. Beckley City Police Department 22: 0672 Rajala v. Joliet Grade School District No. 86 2: 0157, 0198 Ranjel v. City of Lansing 20: 0845 Spears v. Chicago Transit Authority 2: 0300 State Theatre of Bluefield v. Henderson 22: 0828 State v. Coffee 10: 0589 Stout v. Construction and General Laborers District Council 2: 0429 Taylor (B.) v. Board of Education 2: 0438 Taylor (S.) v. Board of Education 2: 0463 In re Thomas 2: 0471 Todd v. Joint Apprenticeship Committee of Steel Workers 2: 0477 Tometz v. Board of Education, Waukegan City School District No. 61 2: 0157, 0198, 0485 Tramble v. Converters Ink Co. 2: 0498 United States v. School District 151 of Cook County, Illinois 2: 0198, 0546 Webb v. Board of Education 2: 0572 Wilkins v. Independent School District No. 709 21: 0348 Woodard v. City of Detroit 21: 0001 In re Young 21: 0382 Zachary v. Deters 21: 0472 32 PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENTS INDEX The following index is a guide to the principal correspondents in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the file containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 2: 0552 directs researchers to Frame 0552 of Reel 2. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, listed in the order in which they appear on the film and only once per folder. Addison, David N. 2: 0552 Alexander, Ray A. 22: 0859 Allen, J. Chester Jr. 8: 0627–1008 Andrews, Huey 20: 0840 Beasley, John B. 10: 0191 Bennett, Michael 16: 0001 Berg, Pat 9: 0001 Bolden, Melvin W., Jr. 4: 0071; 21: 0129 Bolden, Raymond A. 2: 0157, 0198, 0552 Boon, Ina 21: 0661 Briscoe, Carl 21: 0129 Brown, Mary C. 14: 0060 Burris, Vernell 1: 0706 Bushnell, George E., Jr. 11: 0607; 12: 0001 Caldwell, William E. 11: 0197; 12: 0268, 0436 Carter, Leonard H. 21: 0472 Carter, Robert L. 1: 0001, 0106, 0199; 2: 0157, 0300; 3: 0673; 8: 0512; 21: 0661, 1088; 22: 0816 Casey, Edward F. 1: 0199 Chackin, Norman 16: 0111 Chapleau, Louis C. 8: 0704, 0834, 0916; 9: 0137 Chavis, Patrick E., Jr. 3: 0673; 4: 0001 Coffee, Hoover L. 10: 0589 Craft, Donald D. 22: 0322 Crain, Robert 8: 1008 Curry, John 3: 0308 Dalton, Robert 3: 0942 Darsey, Frederick Freeman 21: 0494 Deters, Donald G. 21: 0472 Dillard, Jessie M. 12: 0715 Dimond, Paul R. 15: 0538, 0692; 16: 0111, 0373; 17: 0729; 20: 0598 33 Dziamba, Jack 17: 0579 Epps, A. Glenn 17: 0831 Ethier, Robert O. 21: 0294 Falk, Arvid M. 21: 0209 Finley, Syd 2: 0574 Fishman, Charles 1: 0106, 0199 Flannery, J. Harold 16: 0373; 21: 0348 Ford, Ray 23: 0165 Foster, Gordon 18: 0800 Fowler, Brunetta 3: 0308 Franklin, Joan 9: 0961; 10: 0446; 21: 0382 Frey, Donald S. 1: 0001, 0746, 0775, 0897 Gibson, Emily M. 1: 0001 Goodall, Hurley 10: 0055, 0446 Goodwin, Jesse F. 17: 0345, 0729 Hamilton, John V. 10: 0055, 0191, 0382, 0446 Hardway, Wendell G. 22: 0322 Hart, Philip A. 12: 0001 Haughton, Ronald S. 20: 0770 Hemphill, Gregory J. 10: 0919 Henderson, Herbert H. 22: 0322, 0392, 0672 Holt, Charles C. 9: 0137 Howarth, Nelson 1: 0607 Hunn, Arthur A. 21: 0661 Jones, Nathaniel R. 2: 0039; 11: 0144–0466, 0722, 0940; 12: 0001–0436; 13: 0274; 14: 0060, 0557; 15: 0538, 0692; 16: 0001, 0251, 0373, 0654; 17: 0153, 0288, 0345, 0529, 0579; 18: 0912; 20: 0001, 0598; 21: 0102 Joyner, William D. 3: 0437 Julian, Percy L., Jr. 23: 0001, 0077 Kelley, Frank J. 17: 0579; 20: 0474 Kelly, Thomas M., Jr. 10: 0589 King, Edward C. 21: 0001 Krasicky, Eugene 12: 0582 Landers, Jonathan M. 10: 0919 Lawton, R. Stanley 3: 0673 Leonard, Jerris 18: 0883 Lewis, Alphonse, Jr. 18: 0396, 0407 Liberman, Samuel H. 22: 0001 Long, Joanne 2: 0319 Lucas, Louis R. 11: 0197, 0407; 12: 0097, 0268, 0436, 0582; 16: 0111; 17: 0579, 0986; 18: 0912; 20: 0001, 0417; 21: 0102 Maier, Henry W. 22: 0859 Manuel, Willard F. 2: 0101 McCroom, E. Winther 11: 0197 Meyerson, James I. 10: 0589; 21: 0001, 0348 Milliken, William G. 12: 0001 Morrison, Leo 20: 0800 34 Nicholson, Roland 21: 0001 Nixon, Richard M. 12: 0715, 0822 Noll, Charles E. (“Ed”) 8: 0254 Peil, Daniel E. 7: 0254; 8: 0512, 0627 Penn, William H., Sr. 11: 0722 Perry, Arthur J. 8: 0704, 0834, 0916 Peterson, Jack A. 2: 0319 Polhaus, J. Francis 10: 0879 Porter, John W. 12: 0582; 13: 0376; 14: 0060 Quaintance, Charles, Jr. 21: 0102 Rabkin, Sol 21: 0895, 0991, 1088; 22: 0001, 0104 Ransom, Willard 3: 0673 Roth, Stephen J. 12: 0097, 0268, 0436 Roumell, George T., Jr. 12: 0715; 15: 0001 Runkel, Phillip E. 20: 0598 Savitz, Judith 10: 0589 Saxton, William M. 16: 0373 Schneiders, Lynne 8: 0254, 0512 Shagaloff, June 11: 0144 Shellow, James M. 22: 0859 Shipley, George E. 1: 0706 Singer, Thomas H. 7: 0254 Sloane, Martin E. 17: 0653 Steel, Lewis M. 1: 0106, 0199; 3: 0308–0942; 4: 0001, 0226; 8: 0512–1008; 9: 0001, 0137; 21: 0661; 22: 0392, 0456, 0968; 23: 0001 Stuart, Alfred P. 20: 0840 Tardy, Betty 18: 0912; 20: 0598 Taylor, William L. 17: 0653; 21: 1088 Toole, Cornelius E. 2: 0039, 0498 Tramble, Malaciah 2: 0498 Turner, Donald E. 2: 0574 Van Lierop, Robert L. 10: 0446 Weber, Jessica 2: 0319 White, Jessie G. 9: 0961 White, Lester A. 9: 0961 Wilkins, Roy 9: 0137; 12: 0097 Williams, J. V. 18: 0710 Willis, Charles H. 8: 0512, 0627, 0704 Wright, Robert A. 4: 0071 Young, Katie Pearl 21: 0382 Yuhas, T. Frank 10: 0382 Zachary, Benjamin F. 21: 0472 35 SUBJECT INDEX The following index is a guide to the major topics in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the file containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 1: 0686 directs researchers to Frame 0686 of Reel 1. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, listed in the order in which they appear on the film and only once per folder. Accidents and accident prevention 1: 0686; 9: 0436, 0641 Administration of justice judges 2: 0075 juries 10: 0589 prisons 21: 0494 see also Appellate procedure see also Courts see also Crime and criminals see also Criminal procedure Air Force 1: 0706; 10: 0722, 0879 Alexander County, Illinois 2: 0075 Allen Park, Michigan 13: 0086 Allen, J. Chester, Sr. 7: 0323 American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) Building and Construction Trades Council of St. Louis 21: 0661 International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers 1: 0106; 2: 0477 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 11: 0001; 21: 0661, 0788, 0870 Appellate procedure 11: 0299, 0607, 0722; 14: 0391; 15: 0472; 16: 0251, 0470, 0534, 0654, 0779; 20: 0417, 0474; 21: 0129 Apprenticeship 2: 0477; 11: 0001 Armed services Air Force 1: 0706; 10: 0722, 0879 Army 10: 0919 Armstrong Act (Illinois) 2: 0157, 0198, 0319, 0485 Army 10: 0919 Arrest 2: 0009, 0101; 10: 0191 Assault 10: 0919 Associated General Contractors of Illinois 1: 0302 Associations Equal Opportunity Brokers Association 1: 0746 Attorneys’ fees see Professionals’ fees Aurora Fair Housing Board 1: 0001 Aurora, Illinois 1: 0001 Bail 2: 0101 Bangor, Michigan 20: 0770 Beckley, West Virginia 22: 0672 Bethlehem Steel Company 2: 0477 Birmingham, Michigan public schools 14: 0001 37 Mason and Hangar-Silas Mason Company 22: 0270 Motorola 2: 0147 Philip Nagdeman and Sons 10: 0001 restaurants and restaurant industry 2: 0009 Skateland Skating Rink 22: 0816 see also Construction industry see also Employment see also Real estate business Cahokia, Illinois 2: 0129 Cairo, Illinois 2: 0075 Capitol Carriage Company 21: 0001 Caterpillar Tractor Company 2: 0001 Center for Law and Education, Harvard University 16: 0001 Chicago, Illinois 2: 0039, 0300, 0463, 0477, 0498, 0572 Child abuse 3: 0308; 5: 0202, 0403, 0605; 6: 0001 Civil liberties habeas corpus 2: 0101 voting rights 1: 0904 see also Civil rights see also Right of assembly Civil rights discrimination in health care services 21: 0472 discrimination in public services 1: 0001 prejudice 10: 0589 race relations 7: 0592 rights of college students 22: 0298 sex discrimination 2: 0001 see also Discrimination in administration of justice see also Discrimination in education see also Discrimination in employment see also Discrimination in housing see also Discrimination in labor union membership see also Discrimination in public facilities see also School busing Claims, citizen injuries or damages 1: 0686 Black Americans Black Panthers 2: 0471 voting rights 1: 0904 see also Black students see also Black teachers Black Panthers 2: 0471 Black students 2: 0319, 0546, 0552; 3: 0308, 0556; 4: 0071, 0226, 0655, 0854; 5: 0001, 0202, 0403, 0605, 0806; 6: 0001, 0491, 0692; 7: 0361–0592; 8: 0254; 9: 0814; 13: 0086; 14: 0060; 15: 0231; 16: 0779; 17: 0153, 1021; 18: 0593, 0685, 0800; 22: 0392 Black teachers 2: 0319, 0546; 3: 0771; 4: 0854; 5: 0001, 0605, 0806; 6: 0202; 7: 0254, 0323–0448, 0728; 15: 0231; 18: 0413, 0685 Blackwell, Arthur Lincoln 1: 0504 Bluefield State College (West Virginia) 22: 0298–0593 Bluefield, West Virginia 22: 0298–0593 Boga, Clinton 2: 0574 Bolden, Alan L. 10: 0722, 0879 Building and Trades Council of St. Louis 21: 0661 Building laws 1: 0001 Buildings see Educational facilities Burris, Vernell 1: 0706 Business Bethlehem Steel Company 2: 0477 Capitol Carriage Company 21: 0001 Caterpillar Tractor Company 2: 0001 Converters Ink Co. 2: 0498 electrical industry 11: 0001 and government 1: 0746, 0775; 21: 0472 Hoel-Steffen Construction Company 21: 0661 Illinois Power Co. 2: 0017 Madison Mobile Homes Park 23: 0982 38 Criminal procedure arrest 2: 0009, 0101; 10: 0191 plea bargaining 21: 0129 Curricula 2: 0635, 0756; 3: 0001; 7: 0361, 0884; 8: 0423; 18: 0416 Danville, Illinois NAACP branch 1: 0686 Death and dying homicide 2: 0471; 10: 0589 Department of Justice 2: 0198 Detroit, Michigan 11: 0083; 17: 0729; 20: 0828; 21: 0001, 0348 Discrimination in administration of justice Boga-Duvose Kidnap-Rape Case 2: 0574 Bradley v. State 2: 0596 Littleton v. Berbling 2: 0075 Morrison v. Breakey 20: 0800 People v. Andrews 20: 0840 Poindexter v. Beckley City Police Department 22: 0672 Discrimination in education Anderson v. Board of Education 22: 0282 Aurora Branch of NAACP v. McCoy 1: 0001 Barker v. Hardway 22: 0392 Booker v. Special School District No. 1 21: 0102 Bradley v. Milliken 11: 0083–17: 0729 Brown v. Board of Education (I) 10: 0889 Collier v. Kokomo–Center Township Consol. School Corp. 2: 0635–7: 0001 Copeland v. South Bend Community School Corp. 7: 0254–9: 0814 East Chicago (Indiana) schools 9: 0961 Higgins v. Board of Education 17: 0873– 20: 0699 McNeese v. Blair 2: 0129 Muncie (Indiana) schools 10: 0020– 0446 Clark, Mark 2: 0471 Coffee, Hoover L. 10: 0589 Colleges and universities Bluefield State College 22: 0298–0593 Harvard University 16: 0001 Ohio State University 1: 0068 University of Illinois 2: 0552 University of Minnesota 21: 0382 Winona State College 21: 0294 Commercial law building codes 1: 0001 Congress of Independent Unions 21: 0661 Construction school buildings 4: 0071, 0854; 5: 0001, 0403, 0605; 6: 0001; 7: 0323; 8: 0145, 0512; 9: 0961; 10: 0055, 0191, 0382, 0446; 19: 0308, 0457, 0627, 0882; 20: 0291 Construction industry 1: 0068, 0106, 0199, 0302–0607; 2: 0039; 4: 0135; 11: 0001; 19: 0001; 21: 0661, 0788; 22: 0270 Contempt of court 20: 0763 Contracts construction industry 4: 0135 see also Government contracts and procurement Cook County, Illinois public schools 2: 0198, 0546 Courts contempt of court 20: 0763 courts-martial and courts of inquiry 10: 0722, 0879, 0919 judicial immunity 2: 0075 Supreme Court 17: 0345, 0529, 0579, 0653 Crime and criminals child abuse 3: 0308; 5: 0202, 0403, 0605; 6: 0001 courts-martial and courts of inquiry 10: 0722, 0879, 0919 prisoners 21: 0494 robbery and theft 10: 0722, 0879, 0919 see also Violence 39 Higgins v. Board of Education 17: 1021; 18: 0583, 0883; 19: 0110; 20: 0291 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 21: 0895– 22: 0187 Muncie, Indiana 10: 0055 Ranjel v. City of Lansing 20: 0845 Discrimination in labor union membership Bell v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 11: 0001 Blackwell v. Shapiro 1: 0068–0199, 0302, 0504, 0607 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and Hoel 21: 0661–0870 James v. Ogilvie 2: 0039 Todd v. Joint Apprenticeship Comm. of Steel Workers 2: 0477 Discrimination in public facilities City of Gary v. Ayers 2: 0610 Gregory v. Laufenberg 23: 0946 Gregory v. Madison Mobile Homes Park 23: 0982 Gwynn v. Caldwell 2: 0009 Skateland Skating Rink 22: 0816 State Theatre of Bluefield v. Henderson 22: 0828 Discrimination in public services 1: 0001 Doctors see Physicians Duluth, Minnesota public schools 21: 0348 Duvose, Jesse James 2: 0574 East Chicago, Indiana 9: 0961 East St. Louis Coordinating Council for Civil Rights Organizations 2: 0017 Economic development urban development 2: 0756; 6: 0892; 10: 0055; 12: 0268; 21: 0001, 0487 Education apprenticeship 2: 0477; 11: 0001 elementary and secondary 2: 0635, 0756; 3: 0001 innovations 18: 0416 research 4: 0455; 6: 0692; 18: 0634 Discrimination in education cont. Rajala v. Joliet Grade School District No. 86 2: 0157–0198 Springfield, Illinois 2: 0319 Taylor (B.) v. Board of Education 2: 0438 Tometz v. Board of Education 2: 0485 United States v. School Dist. 151 2: 0546 Webb v. Board of Education 2: 0572 Wilkins v. Independent School District No. 709 21: 0348 In re Young 21: 0382 see also School busing Discrimination in employment construction industry 2: 0039; 19: 0001; 21: 0788–0870 federal 1: 0068, 0106, 0706; 2: 0039; 21: 0661–0870 local government 1: 0001; 2: 0300; 20: 0111, 0291, 0750; 21: 0102, 0209 private 1: 0897; 2: 0001, 0147, 0429, 0477, 0498; 10: 0001, 0382; 11: 0001; 22: 0270 public schools 2: 0319, 0463, 0546; 3: 0771; 4: 0226, 0854; 5: 0001, 0605, 0806; 6: 0202; 7: 0254, 0448; 15: 0231; 18: 0413; 20: 0111, 0291; 21: 0102 state 1: 0106, 0199, 0302–0607; 2: 0017; 21: 0294 Discrimination in health care services 21: 0472 Discrimination in housing Alexander v. Maier 22: 0968 Aurora Branch of NAACP v. Flint 1: 0001 Blackwell v. Shapiro 1: 0068, 0607 Bradley v. Milliken 15: 0538; 17: 0653 Chapman v. Watson 1: 0746–0897 City of Gary v. Ayers 2: 0610 Collier v. Kokomo-Center Township Consol. School Corp. 2: 0635; 3: 0001, 0308, 0437; 5: 0001–0403 Flint Branch of the NAACP v. City of Flint 17: 0835 Ford v. Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board 23: 0125–0837 40 and state law 2: 0157, 0198, 0319, 0485 tests 4: 0655, 0854; 18: 0912 see also Colleges and universities see also Curricula see also Discrimination in education see also Educational enrollment see also Educational facilities see also Educational finance see also Educational materials see also Federal aid to education see also Public schools see also School districts see also Special education see also Students see also Teachers Educational employees pay 19: 0184, 0308, 0457 Educational enrollment Detroit, Mich. 13: 0086; 14: 0060, 0826; 15: 0538; 16: 0779; 17: 0153 Grand Rapids, Mich. 18: 0001, 0593, 0685, 0800; 19: 0184–0882; 20: 0203, 0291 Kokomo, Ind. 4: 0071, 0226, 0655 South Bend, Ind. 7: 0361 Educational facilities Detroit, Mich. 20: 0828 East Chicago, Ind. 9: 0961 Grand Rapids, Mich. 17: 0880; 18: 0027, 0058, 0416, 0787, 0800; 19: 0308–0882; 20: 0291 Kokomo, Ind. 2: 0635; 3: 0285; 4: 0071, 0226, 0655, 0854; 5: 0001, 0403, 0605; 6: 0001, 0202, 0692, 0892; 7: 0001 Muncie, Ind. 10: 0055–0446 South Bend, Ind. 7: 0323, 0448, 0592; 8: 0145, 0254, 0423, 0512, 0704; 9: 0436–0814 Educational finance 2: 0438; 8: 0001, 0145, 0254; 14: 0215; 15: 0001; 19: 0882 Educational innovations 18: 0416 Educational materials 6: 0001, 0202; 8: 0001, 0254; 9: 0814; 19: 0184, 0308 Educational research 4: 0455; 6: 0692; 18: 0634 Educational tests 4: 0655, 0854; 18: 0912 Elections referendum 17: 0835 Electrical industry 11: 0001 Elementary and secondary education curricula 2: 0635, 0756; 3: 0001 see also Public schools Employment apprenticeship 2: 0477; 11: 0001 construction industry 1: 0068, 0106, 0199, 0302, 0437, 0451, 0504, 0607; 2: 0039; 21: 0661 employment tests 2: 0147 federal employees 1: 0068, 0106, 0706; 2: 0039; 21: 0661, 0788, 0870 public schools 7: 0728 see also Labor unions and organizations see also Minority employment see also Occupations see also State and local employees Employment tests 2: 0147 Equal Opportunity Brokers Association 1: 0746 Ethier, Robert 21: 0294 Federal aid to education 2: 0635, 0756; 3: 0001; 5: 0403, 0605; 7: 0361, 0448, 0592; 8: 0254; 19: 0748 Federal aid to housing 20: 0770 Federal employees discrimination in employment 1: 0068, 0106, 0706; 2: 0039; 21: 0661, 0788, 0870 Federal independent agencies National Labor Relations Board 21: 0661 Firefighters 21: 0209 Flint, Michigan 17: 0835; 20: 0747 Ford Foundation 11: 0083 Freedom of association see also Right of assembly 41 Cahokia 2: 0129 Cairo 2: 0075 Chicago 2: 0039, 0300, 0463, 0477, 0498, 0572 Cook County 2: 0198, 0546 Danville 1: 0686 East St. Louis 2: 0017 Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) 2: 0147, 0300, 0463 general 1: 0746, 0775, 0897, 0904; 2: 0001, 0017, 0429, 0471, 0498 Joliet 2: 0157, 0198 Peoria 2: 0009 Scott Air Force Base 1: 0706 Springfield 1: 0068–0607; 2: 0319 St. Anne 2: 0438 State Conference of NAACP Branches 2: 0438 University of Illinois 2: 0552 Waukegan 2: 0157, 0198, 0485, 0566 Independent regulatory commissions National Labor Relations Board 21: 0661 Indiana East Chicago 9: 0961 Gary 2: 0610 general 2: 0596; 10: 0001 Kokomo 2: 0635–7: 0001 Muncie 10: 0020–0446 South Bend 7: 0254–9: 0814 Terre Haute 2: 0574 Innes, Roy 12: 0001 International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers 1: 0106, 2: 0477 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 11: 0001; 21: 0661, 0788, 0870 International Hod Carriers Union 2: 0429 Iowa 10: 0589 Joint Apprenticeship Committee of the Steel Workers of Chicago 2: 0477 Joliet, Illinois public schools 2: 0157, 0198 Judges judicial immunity 2: 0075 Gary, Indiana 2: 0610 Government and business real estate licenses 1: 0746, 0775 Government contracts and procurement federal 1: 0068, 0106; 2: 0039; 21: 0661, 0788, 0870 state 1: 0106, 0199, 0302, 0437, 0451, 0504, 0607 Grand Rapids Educational Park 18: 0416 Grand Rapids, Michigan general 20: 0750 public schools 17: 0873–20: 0699 Grosse Pointe, Michigan public schools 12: 0582 Gwynn, John H. arrest 2: 0009 Habeas corpus 2: 0101 Hampton, Fred 2: 0471 Harvard University Center for Law and Education 16: 0001 Health facilities and services discrimination 21: 0472 Hemphill, Gregory J. court-martial 10: 0919 Higher education see Colleges and universities Hoel-Steffen Construction Company 21: 0661 Homicide 2: 0471; 10: 0589 Housing condition and occupancy 6: 0892; 17: 1021 general 1: 0746, 18: 0710 low-income 19: 0001; 20: 0770, 0845 public 3: 0208 see also Discrimination in housing Human Relations Commission Grand Rapids, Mich. 18: 0583 Springfield, Ill. 1: 0068 Illinois Alexander County 2: 0075 Armstrong Act 2: 0157, 0198, 0319, 0485 Associated General Contractors 1: 0302 Aurora 1: 0001 42 Milwaukee, Wis. 22: 0859, 0968; 23: 0001, 0077 Springfield, Ill. 1: 0607 urban development 2: 0756; 6: 0892; 10: 0055; 12: 0268; 21: 0001, 0487 zoning and zoning laws 20: 0845; 21: 0001, 0487 see also State and local employees Low-income housing 19: 0001; 20: 0770, 0845 Madison Mobile Homes Park 23: 0982 Madison, Wisconsin 23: 0982 Manpower training programs apprenticeship 2: 0477; 11: 0001 Manuel, Willard F. 2: 0101 Mason and Hangar-Silas Mason Company 22: 0270 McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas 10: 0722, 0879 Membership organizations East St. Louis Coordinating Council for Civil Rights Organizations 2: 0017 League of Women Voters 1: 0068 National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing 21: 0895 United Citizens’ Committee for Freedom of Residence 1: 0746 Mercer County, West Virginia public schools 22: 0282 Michigan Allen Park 13: 0086 Bangor 20: 0770 Birmingham 14: 0001 Detroit, 11: 0083; 17: 0729; 20: 0828; 21: 0001, 0348 Flint 17: 0835; 20: 0747 general 11: 0001; 17: 0831; 20: 0763, 0800, 0840 Grand Rapids 17: 0873–20: 0699, 0750 Grosse Pointe 12: 0582 Lansing 20: 0845 Royal Oak 12: 0582 Southfield 12: 0582; 13: 0086; 14: 0826 Juries 10: 0589 Kansas Brown v. Board of Education 10: 0889 general 10: 0919 McConnell Air Force Base 10: 0722, 0879 Kerner, Otto 1: 0904 Kidnapping 2: 0574 Kokomo, Indiana public schools 2: 0635–7: 0001 Labor unions and organizations Building and Trades Council of St. Louis 21: 0661 Congress of Independent Unions 21: 0661 International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers 1: 0106; 2: 0477 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 11: 0001; 21: 0661, 0788, 0870 International Hod Carriers Union 2: 0429 Joint Apprenticeship Committee of the Steel Workers of Chicago 2: 0477 strikes and lockouts 21: 0661 see also Discrimination in labor union membership Land ownership and rights 1: 0775 Land use zoning and zoning laws 20: 0845; 21: 0001, 0487 Lansing, Michigan 20: 0845 Law enforcement police 2: 0471; 20: 0750: 22: 0672 Lawyers legal ethics 2: 0075, 0498 League of Women Voters Springfield, Ill. 1: 0068 Legal ethics 2: 0075, 0498 Licenses real estate business 1: 0746, 0775 Local government Grand Rapids, Mich. 18: 0583 43 Military bases McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas 10: 0722, 0879 Scott Air Force Base, Illinois 1: 0706 Military discipline courts-martial and courts of inquiry 10: 0722, 0879, 0919 Military personnel 1: 0706; 10: 0722, 0879, 0919 Milliken, William G. 13: 0376 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 22: 0859, 0968; 23: 0001, 0077 Minneapolis, Minnesota 21: 0102, 0209 Minnesota Duluth 21: 0348 general 21: 0129, 0382 Minneapolis 21: 0102, 0209 St. Paul 21: 0472 University of Minnesota 21: 0382 Winona State College 21: 0294 Minority employment construction industry 2: 0039 see also Black teachers Missouri general 21: 0494, 0895, 0991, 1088; 22: 0001, 0104, 0187, 0270 St. Louis 21: 0487, 0661, 0788, 0870 Muncie, Indiana public schools 10: 0020–0446 Murder see Homicide NAACP branches Aurora, Ill. 1: 0001 Chicago, Ill., Metropolitan Council 2: 0039, 0498 Danville, Ill. 1: 0686 East Chicago, Ind. 9: 0961 Flint, Mich. 17: 0835 Illinois State Conference of 2: 0438 Kokomo, Ind. 3: 0001; 5: 0001 Muncie, Ind. 10: 0055, 0382, 0446 South Bend, Ind. 7: 0254; 9: 0137 Southwest Detroit, Mich. 21: 0001 Terre Haute, Ind. 2: 0574 Waukegan, Ill. 2: 0566 Nagdeman, Philip 10: 0001 National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing 21: 0895 National Labor Relations Board 21: 0661 Occupations firefighters 21: 0209 physicians 21: 0472 police 2: 0471; 20: 0750; 22: 0672 see also Teachers Ohio State University 1: 0068 Peoria, Illinois 2: 0009 Physicians discrimination 21: 0472 Plea bargaining 21: 0129 Police 2: 0471; 20: 0750; 22: 0672 Prejudice 10: 0589 Prisoners 21: 0494 Prisons 21: 0494 Private clubs and societies League of Women Voters 1: 0068 Professionals’ fees attorneys 1: 0199, 0282; 2: 0157, 0198, 0552, 0566; 4: 0001; 9: 0001; 11: 0197, 0466, 0722, 0765; 17: 0729; 20: 0203, 0417, 0598; 23: 0001, 0077 Professional standards review organizations Wisconsin Real Estate Examining Board 23: 0125–0837 Property land use 20: 0845; 21: 0001, 0487 property value 8: 0423; 21: 0001 Psychological research 4: 0455; 6: 0692; 18: 0634 Public demonstrations general 1: 0068; 2: 0017, 0319, 0552; 3: 0001; 5: 0001; 6: 0001; 10: 0001; 20: 0747; 22: 0298, 0322, 0456, 0593, 0828, 0835, 0859, 0968; 23: 0001, 0077 44 riots and disorders 1: 0607; 2: 0566 student unrest 10: 0191; 22: 0298 Public health accidents and accident prevention 1: 0686; 9: 0436, 0641 Public housing 3: 0208 Public schools Allen Park, Mich. 13: 0086 Chicago, Ill. 2: 0463, 0477, 0572 Cook County, Ill. 2: 0546 Detroit, Mich. 11: 0083; 17: 0729; 20: 0828 Duluth, Minn. 21: 0348 East Chicago, Ind. 9: 0961 Grand Rapids, Mich. 17: 0880; 18: 0396, 0407, 0614, 0634, 0710 Grosse Pointe, Mich. 12: 0582 Joliet, Ill. 2: 0157, 0198 Kokomo, Ind. 4: 0001, 0071, 0226; 6: 0491, 0692, 0892; 7: 0001 Mercer County, W.Va. 22: 0282 Minneapolis, Minn. 21: 0102 Royal Oak, Mich. 12: 0582 South Bend, Ind. 7: 0728; 8: 0423 Southfield, Mich. 12: 0582; 13: 0086; 14: 0826 Springfield, Ill. 2: 0319 St. Anne, Ill. 2: 0438 Race relations 7: 0592 Rape 2: 0574 Real estate business 1: 0001, 0746, 0775; 21: 0487, 0895– 1088; 22: 0001–0187; 23: 0125– 0837 see also Property Referendum Flint, Michigan 17: 0835 Research psychological research 4: 0455; 6: 0692; 18: 0634 Research and development grants Ford Foundation 11: 0083 Restaurants and restaurant industry 2: 0009 Right of assembly general 22: 0835–0968; 23: 0001, 0077 see also Public demonstrations Riots and disorders 1: 0607; 2: 0566 Robbery and theft 10: 0722, 0879, 0919 Rockefeller Brothers Fund 16: 0001 Royal Oak, Michigan 12: 0582 School administration Bluefield State College (W.Va.) 22: 0322–0593 Detroit, Mich. 11: 0607; 14: 0826; 15: 0001; 16: 0111; 17: 0001 Grand Rapids, Mich. 17: 0986, 1007; 18: 0005, 0264, 0343; 19: 0184, 0457, 0748 Kokomo, Ind. 3: 0001, 0208, 0308, 0942; 5: 0403 School busing Detroit, Mich. 12: 0001–17: 0288 Grand Rapids, Mich. 18: 0912; 19: 0001 Kokomo, Ind. 4: 0001, 0071; 6: 0491, 0692, 0892; 7: 0001 South Bend, Ind. 7: 0300, 0361; 9: 0137 Springfield, Ill. 2: 0319 School districts Cook County, Ill. 2: 0198, 0546 Duluth, Minn. 21: 0348 Joliet, Ill. 2: 0157, 0198 Kokomo, Ind. 2: 0635–7: 0001 Minneapolis, Minn. 21: 0102 South Bend, Ind. 8: 0423 Springfield, Ill. 2: 0319 Waukegan, Ill. 2: 0157, 0198, 0485 Scott Air Force Base (Illinois) 1: 0706 Segregation see Discrimination in education see Discrimination in housing Sex discrimination 2: 0001 Skateland Skating Rink 22: 0816 South Bend, Indiana public schools 7: 0254–9: 0814 Southfield, Michigan public schools 12: 0582; 13: 0086; 14: 0826 Special education 7: 0884; 8: 0254; 20: 0203 45 Springfield, Illinois 1: 0068–0607; 2: 0319 St. Anne, Illinois 2: 0438 State and local employees firefighters 21: 0209 Illinois 1: 0001, 0106, 0199, 0302–0607; 2: 0017, 0300, 0319, 0546 Indiana 3: 0771; 4: 0226, 0854; 5: 0001, 0605, 0806; 6: 0202; 7: 0254, 0448 Michigan 15: 0231; 18: 0413; 20: 0111, 0291, 0750 Minnesota 21: 0102–0294 police 2: 0471; 20: 0750; 22: 0672 public schools 2: 0463; 8: 0423; 15: 0538; 18: 0685; 19: 0184, 0308, 0457; 20: 0203 State governments 1: 0746, 0775, 0904; 10: 0020; 21: 0472 State laws Armstrong Act (Illinois) 2: 0157, 0198, 0319, 0485 civil rights (Indiana) 10: 0020 State legislative districts 1: 0904 Statistical data: education 7: 0728 Statistical data: employment 7: 0728 Statistical data: housing and population Grand Rapids, Mich. 18: 0710 St. Louis, Missouri 21: 0487, 0661, 0788, 0870 St. Paul, Minnesota 21: 0472 Strikes and lockouts 21: 0661 Student organizations University of Illinois Black Students’ Association 2: 0552 Students Bluefield State College 22: 0298, 0322, 0456, 0593 high school 10: 0191 rights of college students 22: 0298 see also Black students see also Educational enrollment Student unrest Bluefield State College 22: 0298 Muncie, Ind. 10: 0191 Supreme Court, U.S. 17: 0345, 0529, 0579, 0653 Teachers educational employees pay 19: 0184, 0308, 0457 general 3: 0308, 0556; 4: 0226; 5: 0202, 0403, 0605, 0806; 6: 0001; 7: 0728; 8: 0423; 18: 0710; 22: 0392 see also Black teachers Terre Haute, Indiana 2: 0574 Todd, Ronald L. 2: 0477 Toole, Cornelius E. 2: 0039 United Citizens’ Committee for Freedom of Residence 1: 0746 University of Illinois Black Students’ Association 2: 0552 University of Minnesota 21: 0382 Urban development 2: 0756; 6: 0892; 10: 0055; 12: 0268; 21: 0001, 0487 Urban transportation 2: 0300 Violence assault 10: 0919 homicide 2: 0471; 10: 0589 kidnapping and rape 2: 0574 Vocational education and training see Apprenticeship Voting rights 1: 0904 Wages and salaries see Educational employees pay Waukegan, Illinois 2: 0157, 0198, 0485, 0566 Westview Realty Corporation (Missouri) 21: 0487 West Virginia Beckley 22: 0672 Bluefield State College 22: 0298–0593 Mercer County 22: 0282 Winona State College (Minnesota) 21: 0294 46 Woodard v. City of Detroit 21: 0001 Young, Coleman 12: 0001 Zoning and zoning laws 20: 0845; 21: 0001, 0487 Wisconsin general 23: 0123, 0125, 0165, 0201, 0259, 0363, 0458, 0551, 0656, 0837, 0946 Madison 23: 0982 Milwaukee 22: 0859, 0968; 23: 0001, 0077 47 Black Studies Research Sources Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, Records of Annual Conferences, Major Speeches, and Special Reports, 1909–1970 Part 2. Personal Correspondence of Selected NAACP Officials, 1919–1939 Part 3. The Campaign for Educational Equality, 1913–1965 Part 4. The Voting Rights Campaign, 1916–1965 Part 5. The Campaign against Residential Segregation, 1914–1965 Part 6. The Scottsboro Case, 1931–1950 Part 16. Board of Directors, Correspondence and Committee Materials, 1919–1970 Part 17. National Staff Files, 1940–1965 Part 18. Special Subjects, 1940–1955 Part 19. Youth File Part 20. White Resistance and Reprisals, 1956–1965 Part 21. NAACP Relations with the Modern Civil Rights Movement Part 7. The Anti-Lynching Campaign, 1912–1955 Part 22. Legal Department Administrative Files, 1956–1965 Part 8. Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System, 1910–1955 Part 23. Legal Department Case Files, 1956–1972 Part 9. Discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces, 1918–1955 Part 24. Special Subjects, 1956–1965 Part 10. Peonage, Labor, and the New Deal, 1913–1939 Part 25. Branch Department Files [1941–1965] Part 11. Special Subject Files, 1912–1939 Part 26. Selected Branch Files, 1940–1955 Part 12. Selected Branch Files, 1913–1939 Part 27. Selected Branch Files, 1956–1965 Part 13. The NAACP and Labor, 1940–1965 Part 28. Special Subject Files, 1966–1970 Part 14. Race Relations in the International Arena, 1940–1955 Part 29. Branch Department [1966–1972] Part 15. Segregation and Discrimination: Complaints and Responses, 1940–1955 Part 30. General Office Files, 1966–1972 UPA Collections from LexisNexis® www.lexisnexis.com/academic “Separate is inherently unequal.” —from the Brown v. Board of Education decision T he centerpiece of Papers of the NAACP, Supplement to Part 23: Legal Department Case Files, 1960–1972, Series C: The Midwest, Section II: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, is a series of highprofile school desegregation cases in Midwestern metropolitan areas. Reproduced here is the Supreme Court decision of 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education declaring “separate is inherently unequal” and officially putting the federal imprimatur on a policy of ending the assignment of students to public schools based on race. While most immediately affecting the southern states, the Brown decree had significant implications for the entire country, including those northern and Midwestern communities where residential patterns effectively produced segregated schools. The single most important civil rights case contained in this edition of Papers of the NAACP is Bradley v. Milliken, which grew out of an attempt in 1970 to address segregation in the Detroit, Michigan, public schools. In 1971 the first trial in the case resulted in a judicial ruling against the school board’s policies as a “prima facie case of state-imposed segregation in Detroit public schools.” The resulting metropolitan desegregation plan included dozens of suburban school districts along with the city in a complex proposal to integrate area schools. Opponents of the plan included President Richard M. Nixon, whose March 17, 1972, message to Congress included the Student Transportation Moratorium Act, a legislative effort to forestall court-ordered busing. UPA Collections from LexisNexis® www.lexisnexis.com/academic
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