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1620 GENERAL PROGRAM LIBRARY

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The 141 Data Processing System -An Educational Computer
for Instruction in Basic Programming
13. O. 017
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Short comments may be placed in columns 40 through 55 of the instruction cards. Longer comments may be placed on "Comment Cards". These
cards are identified by an asterisk in column 8. The remainder of
the card, columns 9 through 55, is available for the camment.

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A sample coding sheet is shown on the next page.

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The number of characters need not be specified in the Count
portion of the coding sheet since it is automatically assigned
three storage positions by the processor. If it is desired to
refer to the address of tbe address field, a symbol may be
written in the Label portion of the coding sheet. Column 17
may contain an asterisk thus allowing the assembler to assign
the storage positions or else columns 17 through 20 may cor.tain
the desired storage locations of the low order position for the
address field. The symbol whose equivalent address is to be
the address field is written beginning in column 28 of the
B-operand.

DECLARATIVES

DCW

Define ConstBII.t viith Word Mark

The symbolic operation code DCW causes a constant to be loaded
into storage and sets a word mark in the high-order (left most)
position of the constant field. The number of characters in
the constant field is specified in the Count portion of the
coding sheet, (columns 6 and 7). The symbolic label by which
the constant is referenced is placed in the Label area (columns
8 through 13). The code Dew is placed in columns 14 through 16.
Column 17 must contain an asterisk to indicate to the assembler
that it may choose the location of the constant field or else
columns 17 through 20 must contain the desired storage location
of the low order position (right most) of the constant field.
The constant itself begins in column 24 and may extend through
column 55 giving a m&ximum of 32 characters. If the constant
is to be a signed number, the sign may be placed in column 23.

CONTROL STATEMENTS

Origin

The ORG statement causes the assembler to assign addresses to
the following instructions beginning at the location specified
by the statement. The symbolic operation code ORG must be
placed in the operation field and the absolute address at which
storage assignment is to be made must be written in columns 17
through 20 of the coding sheet.

DC

Define Constant

ORG

The symbolic operation code DC causes a constant to be loaded
into storage without a word mark.
otherwise, it is identical
to the DCW.

Execute

os

Define SYmbol

The EX statement causes the computer to suspend loading of the
object program and execute part of the program prior to continuing the loading process. The symbolic operation code EX
must be placed in the operation field and the symbolic or actual
address of the first instruction to be executed when the loading
process is suspended must be placed in the A-operand portion of
the coding sheet. The card containing the Execute statement
must be inserted at the point in the source program where suspension of loading i~ desired in order to execute the preceeding
portion.

The operation code OS causes the processor to assign equivalent
addresses to labels or to assign storage for work areas. The
DS differs from DC and DCW statements in that neither data nor
word marks are loaded during assembly. The number of positions
to be reserved in storage is specified in the Count portion of
the coding sheet. If it is desired to refer symbolically to
the low order position of the field reserved, then a label must
be placed in the Label field. If the assembler is to assign
the address, an asterisk must be placed in column 17 of the
coding sheet. If it is desired to equate the label to an actual
address, then that address is written beginning in column 17
and the Count field of the coding sheet is left blank. It is
not possible to character adjust DS statements.

&d

mD

The END statement is an indication to the assembler that the
last card of the source program has been processed. The symbolic
operation code END must be placed in the operation field and
the address of the first instruction, either actual or symbolic,
must be placed in the A-operand portion of the coding sheet.

OSA

Define SYmbolic Address

EX.

The OSA statement causes a three character machine language
address which the assembler has assigned to a label to be stored
as a constant when the program is loaded.

- 19 - li-

o

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Field

SECTICN 3

A

Input and Output
Input and Output
Input and Output
Output Only

1 - 6
7 - 11
12 - 14
75 - 80

B

C
D

EXERCISES

Card

Card Columns

Assume that no overflows will occur.
Elcercise 7
Elcercise 1
Write a program that will reproduce a card, that is, will read
a card and punch a card identical to the one read.

vJrite a program that will check the sequence of employee numbers
found in columns 75 - 80 (");f a deck of cards. The program should
stop the machine if it finds any employee number that is not
larger than the one in the previous card.
Elcercise 8

Elcercise 2
Write a program that will read a card and punch a card with the
information from columns 1 - 40 of the card read in columns 41 -SO
of the card punched and the information from columns 41 - 80 of
the card read in columns 1 - 40 of the card punched.

Write a program that will punch consecutive numbers 001 through

015 in columns 78 - 80 of the first 15 blank cards in the punch hopper
and stop automatically before punching a sixteenth card.
Exercise 9

Elcercise 3
Write a program that will reproduce an entire deck of cards.
Elcercise 4

Write a program that will calculate and punch D, where D =
A+ B - C (all values are positive). Provide for decimal alignment, rounding (half-adjustment), and over flow. The card
columns and decimal form of each field is as follows:

Write a program that will read one card and will punch copy after
copy of it until the machine is stopped by the operator.

Input Card

Elcercise 5

Output Card

vJrite a program that will print a directory of telephone extensions from a deck of personnel cards. The cards and directory
forms are as follows:
Card Columns

Field

1 -18
19
20
21 - 60

Name
First Initial
Second Initial
Not used in this program
Telephone Extension
Not used in this program

61 - 64
65 - 80

Print Positions
1 - 18
20
22
28 - 31

Elcerclse 6
Write a program that will read cards containing numeric fields
A, B, and C and will punch corresponding cards that contain
fields A, B, C, and D, where D = A + B - C. The card columns
are shown on the next page.
- 20 -

A
B
C
D

Col.

5 - 8
9 - 12

13 - 14

7 - 10

XXX.X

XX.XX

xx.

XXXX.

Exercise 10
Write a program that will up-date a customer's charge account
after a new purchase has been recorded. A new balance card is
to be punched and a listing of each customer's name, new balance,
and limit is to be printed. If the new balance exceeds the
customer's limit the words OVER LIMIT are also to be printed an
his entry. The card columns and print poSitions are as follows:
Filed
Name
Balance
Charge
Limit
'OVER LU:iIT'

Input Card

Output Card

Listing

1 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
71-80

1 - 20
21 - 30

11 - 30

71 - 80

49 - 58
63 - 72

35 - 44

The Limit field is to be punched with leading zeros.

-21-

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Exercise 6

Exercise 7

f

Start

)

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Gp

Gp

Set Word

Set liord

Set vJord

Set Hord

Mark

Nark

Mark

¥J8.rk

s-G

+-4!J--------(~
~

J

' \ Read a
\

,

Card

L_~

~

J

~
~omparejJ~

Move A, B,
& C to
Punch Area

~~6~~ low

+

high

Calculate D

Store New

and Move to

Punch Area

Elnp. #

8

(

Calculate

t ___
Halt

D

equal
(---Halt

-)

)

Add One

to
Seq. #

G)
Q

8
- 24 -

- 25 -

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
Ex.ercise 10

EXERCI SE 1

c: S'ir' ,)

~
~

Set Word


Bal. to Cr.
L:imit
high

Mark

J.
,

PG LIN

LABEL

OP A-OPERAND

01
01
01
01
01
01
01

START

SW 0001
R
MCW 0080
P
H
Nap
END START

010
020
030
040
050
060
070

B-OPERAND

COMMENTS

0180

DEFINE 80 POS FL
READ ONE CARD
MOVE TO PCH
PUNCH ONE CARD
HAL T
PROVIDE WM

0180
0140

DEFINE FIRST FLO
DEFINE SECOND FL
READ ONE CARD
MOVE TO PCH AREA
MOVE TO PCH AREA
PUNCH A . CARD
HAL T
PROV I DE WM

0180

DEFINE FIELD
READ A CARD
MOVE TO PCH AREA
PUNCH A CARD
BRANCH TO READ

EXERC I SE 2

Calculate

02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02

•
,

~

New Balance

Print a

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090

START

SW
SW
R
MCW
MCW
P
H
NOP
END

0001
0041
0040
0080

START

Line

EXERCISE 3
Move Data

to
Punch Area

03
03
03
03
03
03

,

Cl;~~mIIsg.
.
Pnnt Area
•

Move Data

to
Print Area

010
020
030
040
050
060

START
READ

SW
R
MCW
P
.B
END

0001
0080
READ
START

~

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G
- 26 -

o

- 27 -

o

o

o

o

o
EXERCISE 4
PG LIN

LABEL

OP

A-OPERAND

04
04
04
04
04
04

START

SW
R
MCW
P
B
END

0001

010
020
030
040
050
060

PUNCH

0080

EXERCISE 7
B-OPERAND

COMMENTS

0180

DEFINE FIELD
READ CARD
MOVE TO PCH AREA
PUNCH
REPEAT PUNCH

PUNCH
START

EXERCISE 5
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120

START

READ

SW
SW
SW
SW
R
MCW
Mew
MCW
MCW

w

PG LIN

LA~EL

OP

A~OPERAND

07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07

BEGIN
READ

sw
R
C
B
H
MCW
B
DCW
END

0075

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090

LOOP
6 STORE

DEFINE FIELDS

0001
0019
0020
0061
0218
0220
0222
0231

0018
0019
0020
0064

B READ
END START

READ CARD
ASSEMBLE LINE

PRINT A LINE
RETURN TO READ

B-OPERAND

STORE
LOOP

0080

0080
READ

STORE

COMMENTS
DEFINE EMPNO FLO
READ CARD
CaMP WITH LST CD
ULOOP IF OK
HALT

*

BEGIN

EXERCISE 8
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110

FIRST
PUNCH

HALT
3 LIMIT
lONE
3

sw
P
C
B
A
B
H
DCW
DCW
DCW
END

0178
0180
HALT
ONE
PUNCH

L1MI T
0180

*
*

015
1
001

0180
FIRST

DEFINE FLO
PUNCH
TEST FOR LIMIT
S
STEP SEQ NO
LOOP
HALT

EXERCISE 6
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130

START
READ

SW
sw
SW
R
MCW
MCW
MCW
S
A
MCW
P
B
END

0106
0111
0114
0006
0006
0180

0006
0011
0014
0014
0011
0006
READ
START

- 28 -

Ii

EXERCISE 9

DEFINE FIELDS

0001
0007
0012

READ CARD
MOVE INPUT TO
PUNCH AREA
A-C
A+B-C
MOVE D TO PCH AR
PUNCH CARD
LOOP

09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160

START
READ

SW
SW
SW
R
A
A
S
A
MCW
P
MCW
B

6 ACCUM
6 ZEROS
1 FIVE

0005
0009
0013

DEFINE FIELDS

0008
0012
0014
FIVE
ACCUM ZEROS
READ

DCW *
DCW *
DCW *
END START

ACCUM ACCUM
ACCUM ACCUM 2 0110
ACCUM
000000
000000
5

- 29 -

READ CARD
A
A+B
2 A+B-C
1 HALF ADJUST
MOVE TO 0
CLEAR ACCUM

~

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r-4
orn

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SECTION 4

EXERCISE to
PG LIN
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

LABEL

010
START
020
030
040
READ
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
PUNCH
150
160
170
180
OVER
190
200
210 10 BLANK
220 10 MSG
230

OP A-OPERAND

B-OPERAND

S\-I
R
A

MC\'1
Mal
MCl'/
Mal
MCW
HCW
C
B

0021
0031
0071
0030
0120
0130
0180
0230
0244
0258
0080

0040
0020
0030
0080
0020
0030
0080
0030
OVER

MOVE TO PRINT
TEST FOR HI BAL

0272

PUNCH
\'/RJTE
CLEAR MSG

0272

INSERT MSG

P

MCtJ BLANK
READ
B
Mew MSG
PUNCH
B

DCW *
END START

The following subroutines written in 141 language were contributed by
Hr. Hilson T. Price of Nerritt College, Oakland, California. In preparing these routines, simplicity of arithmetic method, compatability
with the 1401, and compatability with each other were primary considerations. Speed of operation was deemed the least important feature
since students write 141 programs as learming experience and not for
production runs.

READ CARD
CALC NEl." BAL
MOVE TO PCH

T

~I

Dew *

SUBROUTINES

DEFINE FIELDS

SN 0001
S~I
S~I

COMMENTS

THE HULTIPLY SUBROUTINE

TITLE:

Hultiply

NNElvl:ONIC:

OVER LIMIT

HULT

PUill'OSE: To provide the capability of multiplying a number containing
up toB digits by a second number containing up to 8 digits to
form a product up to 16 digits in length.
STORAGE REf"UIREHENTS:
OBI through OB9
091 through 099
181, through 196
197 through 200

Multiplicand
(IvlULTD)
Hultiplier
(NULTR)
Product
(PROD)
Additional work areas
Program

100 additional locations
as assigned by assembler

LINKAGE: Move the multiplicand of In digits to MULTD. This field will
then occupy storage positions (090 - m) through OB9. Nove the
multiplier of n digits to hULTR. This field will then occupy
storage positions (100 - n) through 099. Move the return Branch
instruction to IvlULTX + 3. Branch to !viULT. The linkage is illustrated below:
Mew (Multiplicand)
lv1ULTD
~ruLTR
Mmv (Multiplier)
MCH RE'lUf/JIJ - 1
}1ULTX + 3
B
B

REWRN

}1ULT
REWRN

(next instruction in program)

- 31 - 30-

o

o

o

•

o

o
MULTIPLY SUBROUTINE

After completion of the operation, the product of In + n digits
will be in PROD. Both the multiplicand and multiplier remain in
their respective areas.
Word marks are placed in locations 081, 091, and 181 with
DCW! s during assembly and care must be exercised that they are net
cleared during executior. of the main program.

vJORD l'iARKS:

CLEARING:

Initially all three work areas will be zero, further cleari..'1g is left to the programmer. Blanking or zeroir:g of the multiplicand and multiplier a~eas will only be necessary if t~e new
values contain fewer digits than the previous Quantities which
utilized these areas. Zeroing of the product accumulator will
always be necessary unless it is desired to sum products.

SCALING: Decimal alignmer.t is the responsibility of the progrprmner.
The number of decimal places in the product is equal to the sum
of the number of deci1Jlal places in the multiplicar;d and the multiplier.

- 32 -

PG LIN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
M1
Ml
M1
M1
Ml
I'll
M1
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
M1
Ml
Ml
Ml

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220

LABEL

OP

MCVJ M16
MCW M17
MCvl MUL TR
M3
M4
C 1'119
B
1'19
M6
A MULTO
S 1'118
M4
B
SW M3
M9
A M18
A M18
CW M3
C M3
B M3
MULTX B 0000
03 M16
DCW *
02 M17
DCW *
02 M18
DCW 0198
DCW 0200
02 M19
09 MULTO DCW 0089
09 MULTR DCW 0099
DCW 0196
16 PROD

M3
M6
7 M19
1 M18

MULT

-

+
+

PiWD
M19
+

+
+

COMMENTS

B-OPERAND

A-OPERAND

M6
M3
M6
1 M6
3 MI6

3
6
1
1

U

7
+
+
+
+

4
3
6
4
2
/

092
89
10
00
000000000
000000000
0000000000000000

- 33 -

1.
THE DIVIDE SUBROUTINE

2.

3.
TITLE:

Divide

MNEMOOIC:

The following examples illustrate scaling in the divide subroutine:

DIV

~

1.2

PURPOSE: To provide the capability of dividing a number containing up
to 16 digits by a second number containing up to 8 digits to form
a quotient of up to 8 digits.

~
12

Number
1.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS:
Dividend
Divisor
Quotient
Program

Multiply dividend and divisor by the appropriate power of
ten to clear decimals from divisor.
Muliply dividend and expected quotient by the same power
of ten to obtain greater accuracy.
Upper eight digits (181 through 188) of dividend must be
less than divisor.

Before division

380
12

(DIVD)
(DIVR)
(QUOT)

After division

181 through 196
081 through 089
091 through 099
154 additional locations
as assigned by assembler

2.

I-iCW RETURN - 1
B
DIV

B

RE'lURN

380A O
12

After division

LINKAGE: Move the dividend of m digits to DIVD. This field will then
occupy storage positions (197 - m) through 196. Move the divisor
of n digits to DIVR. This field will then occupy storage positions
(090 - n) through 089. Move the return Branch instruction to
DIVX + 3. Branch to DIV.
HeW (Dividend)
ivlCW (Divisor)

Before division

31
8 (remainder)

3.

3~6
OJ\8 (remainder)

Before division

380J\OO
12

After diVision

3~66

0",08 (remainder)

Location of low
order Eosition
DIVD
DIVR
QUOT
DIVD
DIVD
DIVR
QUOT
DIVD
DIVD
DIVR
QUOT
DIVD

DIVD
DIVR
DIVX + 3

RETURN

(next instruction in program)

After completion of the operation, the quotient will be located at
QUOT and the remainder at DIVD. The divisor remains in DIVR but.
the dividend is lost.
WORD MARKS: Word marks are placed in locations 081, 091, and 181 with
new s during assemblY and care lJlust be taken that they are not
cleared during execution of the main program.
CLEARING: Initially all three work areas will contain zeroes, further
clearing is left to the programmer. Zeroing of the dividend and
divisor areas will be necessary if new values contain fewer digits
then previous quantities which utilized these areas. The high order
position (081) of the divisor must contain~. Zeroing of the
quotient accumulator will always be necessary unless it is desired
to sum quotients.
SCALING: Decimal alignment is the responsibilty of the programmer.
rules to follow are~listed on the next page.

The

- 35 -

- 3l. -

o

o

o

n

o

o
THE SUPPRESS ZERO SUBROUTINE

DIVIDE SUBROUTINE

PG LIN

LABEL

OP

A-OPERAND

B-OPERANO

01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
D2
02

OIV

MCW
MCW
Mew
C

024
025
024
OIVR
07
OIVX
OIVO 026
013
OIVR +
024
08
026
07
+
013
+
024
024
024
024
07
+
013
+
07
0000

07
011
013
OIVO

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090

B
H

07
08

MCW
C
B

011

A
B
MCW
sw
sw

S

013

C

A
A

OIVX
03 024
01 025
10 026
09 DIVR
09 QUOT
16 OIVD

A
cw
cw
B
B
OCr! *
DCW *
Dew *
ocw 0089
Dew 0099
DCW 0196

+
+
+

-

COMMENTS
3
6
6
8

7 D26
1 OIVR

-

7

1 OIVO
1 011

-

7

+

6

+
+
+
+
+

6
3

4

2
2
2
1
4

011
07
011
013
011

Suppress Zero

IvlNEMONIC:

SUPZR

PURPOSE: Given a numeric field of 9 digits or fewer, to suppress leading
zeroes (that is change high order zeroes to blankS).

T

U

1 026
2 QUOT

TITLE:

STORAGE

REQUIR&~NTS:

~]ork area
Program

(SZA.RG)

091 through 099
82 additional locations
as assigned by assembler

LIneAGE: Move the numeric field of m digits to SZARG. The field will
then occupy storage positions (100 - m) through 099. For example,
a three digit field would occupy positions 097 through 099. I·iove
the return Branch instruction to SUPZRX + 3. Branch to SUPZR.
i'lew (Argument)
SZARG
MCW RETURN - 1
oUPZRX + 3
B SUPZR
B
RETURN
RETURN
(next instruction in program)

6
6
6

/

189
2
0000000000
000000000
000000000
0000000000000000

After completion of the operation, the field with leading zeroes
suppressed will remain in its original location. If the entire
field is zero, then one zero will remain.
WORD MARKS: A word mark is set at location 091 during processing by the
assembler. If cleared during execution of the main program it
should be reset.
CLEARING: Initially the work area will be zero, further clearing is
left to the programmer. Zeroing \~ll always be necessary if the
new field contains i'e1,'ier digits than the previous quantity \'Ihich
utilized this area.

- 36 -

- 37 -

THE EDIT SUBROUTINE

SUPPRESS ZERO SUBROUTINE
TITLE:

PG LIN
S1
Sl
S1
Sl
S1
51
Sl
Sl
S1
Sl
Sl
S1
S1
S1
51
51

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160

LABEL

OP

A-OPERAND

SZ3
Mew SZ1S
szs
MCW SZ1S
SZARG - 8 SZ13
C
SZ3
SUPZRX
B
SZARG
MC~I szt 1+
SZS
1 Si.:5
+
SZ3
S~'J
Sl3
S;.:13
A
SIS
A SZ13
cw SZ3 + 1 szs
C SZ3
+ 3 SZ1S
SZ3
B
0000
SUPZRX B
01
02 szn
DCW *
01 SZ14
DCW *
91
02 SZlS
DCW *
000000000
09 SZARG DCW 0099
SUPZR

COMMENTS

8-0PERAND
+
+

3
6
1

-

8

+

4

+
+
+

3

Edit

MNElo10NIC:

EDIT

PURPOSE: To provide the capability to edit a field of up to 8 digits
consisting of dollars and cents. Leading zeroes are suppressed
and a decimal point, a comma (if needed) and a floating dollar
sign are placed in appropriate positions of the field.

T

STORAGE RffiUlREN.lliIJTS:

6

Input field
Output field
Program

4
1
/

(EDIN)
(EDOUT)

081 through 089
181 through 191
127 additional locations
as assigned by assembler

LINKAGE: hove the field of m digits to be edited to EDIN. This field
will then occupy pOSitions (090 - m) through 089. Move the return
Branch instruction to EDITX + 3. Branch to EDIT.
HCW (Argument)
HCW RETURN - 1
B EDIT
B
RETURN

EDIN
EDITX + 3

RETURN

(next instruction in program)

After completion of the operation, the edited field will be located
at EDOUT. The original field remains in EDIN.
WROD MARKS: Word marks are placed in locations 081 and 191 with DCW's
during assembly and care must be taken that they are not cleared
during execution of the main program.
CLEARING: Initially both work areas will be zero, further clearing is
left up to the progr~er. Zeroing of the input area (EDIN) will
be necessary if the new argument contains fewer digits than previous quantities which utilized this area. The output area (EDOUT)
is self clearing.
SCALING: Quantities which are edited must consist of a dollar and cent
amount. The following examples illustrate scaling in the edit
subroutine:
Input field
Output field
12345678
12345
123
12

$123,456.78
$123.45
$1.23
~.12

- 39 - 38 -

o

o

o

•

o

o

ED I T SUBROUTI NE

PG LIN

LABEL

OP

El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
E1
El
El
El
E1
El
E1
El
E1
El
E1
El
El
E1

EDIT

MCW
MCW
MCW
MC\v
MCW
MCW
MCW
MCW
C

010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230

E09
EOll

02
02
04
11
09

EOITX
E019
E020
ED21
EDour
EOIN

A-OPERAND

E020
E020
EOIN
ED21
EOIN
E021
EOIN
E021
EOOUT
B
EOI TX
MCW E021
SW E09
A E019
A E019
cw E09
C
E09
B
E09
B
0000
OCW *
OCW *
ocw *
DeW 0191
ocw 0089

2
1
5
2
9

+

+
+

SECTION 5

8-0PERAND
E09
E011
EOOUT
EOOUT
EOOUT
EOOUT
EOOUT
EOOUT
E019

+
+

COMMENTS

- 2
- 3
- 6
- 7
- 10
1

2 EOOUT 1 E011 +
E09
+
E011 +
1 EOll +
3 f020

Four versions of the 141 SPS Assembler and the 141 Simulator are
available in order to permit maximum utilization of the computer
hardware. These are identified as:
Non-Monitor Versions

T

9

4
3

00$0·00000000
000000000

Version A - Basic 1620
Version B - 1620 with 1443 Printer
Nonitor Versions

6
4

1
/

01
82

OPERATING PROCEDURES

3
6

Version C - 1620 with 1311 Disk Storage Drive and indirect
addressing
Version D - 1620 with 1443 Printer, 1311 Disk Storage Drive,
and indirect addressing
Letters preceeding each procedure statement below identify the versions
to which they apply.

141 SP S A.sSENBLER

Prepare Console
Version
A

C

ABC D
ABC D
CD
ABC D

- 40 -

1)
2)
3)

4)
5)

Set left typewriter margin at 10 and right margin
at 95.
Set. Parity Switch and I/O Switch to STOP.
Set 0 I Flow Switch to PROGRAH.
Set Disk Switch to PROGRM~.
Set Program Switches 1 and 2 according to the
options listed below.

- 41 -

Assemble SPS Programs
Version
1)

AB

CD

2)

ABC D

3)

ABC D

J...)

CD

Place the 141 SPS Assembler deck in the reader
hopper in the 9-edge face-down position.
Place the following Honitor cards in the reader
hopper: "COLD STARTII,
'*' JOB, and,., ,., XEQ 141SPS.
Place SPS source program decks in the reader hopper.
Any number of programs may be stacked for assembly.
The last card of each deck must be an END statement.
\"iUh the machine in HANUi.L mode, press the LOAD key
on t~e 1622 Re4der-Punch unit.

*

141 SIMULATOR

Program Switch Options
Version
ABC D

1)

ABC D

2)

ABC D

3)

ABC D

4)

2)

in the READ hopper at the end of PASS I. Only
those statements in excess of 100 need be processed twice.
Images of the source cards are stored on the disk
and therefore the length of the program does not
effect the operating procedures.

Prepare Console
Version

Switch 1 and 2 off - Object deck will be punched
and program will be listed.
Switch 1 off and Switch 2 on - Object deck will be
punched but program listing will be suppressed exeept for incorrect statements. A program listing
can be prepared from the object program cbrds on an
IBN 407 Accounting I1achine. This option will
greatly reduce assembly time for versions A and C.
Switch 1 on and Switch 2 off - Object deck will be
suppressed and program will be listed on the console typewriter (or printer).
Switch 1 and 2 on - Object deck and program listing
will be suppressed. This combination can be used
as an edit run. Programs from an entire class can
quickly be scanned for errors with onJy incJrrect
statements being listed. The particular op-code or
address that is erroneous will appear as the symbol =. For easy reccgnition, be sure that the
Source cards are numbered in columns 1 through 5
and that the IDENTIFICATION field, columns 76
through 80, is punched.

A

C

1)

ABC D
ABC D

2)
3)

CD

4)

ABC D

5)

Set left margin at 10 and right margin at 95.
Set Parity Switch to STOP.
Set 0 1 Flow Switch to PROGRAM.
Set Disk Switch to PROGRAH.
Set Program Switches 1,2,3, and 4 according to the
options listed at the end of this section.

Load Simualtor
Version
AB

CD
ABC D

1) Place 141 Simulator deck in the reader hopper in
the 9-edge face-down position.
2) Place the following Monitor cards in the reader
hopper: II COLD STAH.TII, '*' :j: JOB, and :j: :j: XEQ U1SIM
3) With the machine in ~~41~AL mode, press the LOAD
key on the 1622 Reader-Punch unit. When the Simulator is loaded the typewriter will automatically
begin typing a li$t of the functions that the simulator will perform and the request words that will
initiate these functions.
Functions Performed

Reauest by Typing

Long Programs;
Version
AB

Load F'rogram From Card Reader
Clear 141 Storage
Alter Storage From Typewriter
Dump Contents of 141 Storage
Begin Execution of Program
.Return to 1620 l'lonitor

1) An SPS assembly is a two pass operation but the 141
BPS assembler only requires that the cards be fed
through once if the number of cards in the source
program does not exceed 100. This reduces the
amount of card handling and permits the stacking of
of programs. If the number of cards in a source
program is greater than 100, images of the first
100 cards are held in storage and copies of the remaining cards are punched for a second pass. These
cards are removed from the PUNCH stacker and placed

EXECUTE
EXIT (C & D only)

- 43 -

- 42 -

o

LOAD
CLEAR
ALTER
DUHP

o

o

o

n

o
Select the Desired Function

f)

Each function, except EXIT, is available in all versions.
a)
b)

c)

The typewriter will type the words REfUE0TED FUNCTION IS and
then stop.
The operator then types the word LOAD, CLEAR, ALTER, DUNF,
EXECUTE or EXIT and presses the RELEASE and START keys on the
console or the RS key on the typewriter.
If a function runs to completion the simulator will automatically request the next function. If the function is interrupted by turning on Program Switch 1, the operator may return to the request statement by pressing, in order, the
RESET, INSERT, RELEASE, and ST"RT keys on the console.

The LOAD Function
Programs that have been assembled by s1's
function.
a) Place the SPS object deck, including
cards and the bootstrap card, in the
b) Type the reouest word LOAD and press
c) Press READER STilRT, if necessary.

can be loaded with this
the two clear storage
hopper.
the RELEA..>E and STiiRT keys.

g)
h)

The typewriter carriage will return for a second line. This
line will indicate the presence or absence of word marks. If
the character above requires a word mark type a 1, if it does
not, strike the space bar. Continue to type lIs and spaces
until the carriage has moved across the entire line above. In
the first position after completion of the word mark line, type
a record mark, and then press the REL~AbE and START keys.
The typewriter will now type the address of the next storage
location that will be altered if steps c) and f) are repeated.
Vihen altering is completed press, in order, the RESET, INSERT,
RELEASE, and START keys. The EXECUTE function can be used to
start the program.

The DUM' Function
\;hen a 141 program is stopped either by a prograr.rrned halt or by an
error condition, it is desirable to be able to II DUlil II the Instruction
Re~ister (I-REG)i the Operation Register (CP-REG) and the storage.
The
DUp~ function wi 1 list the contents of the I-REG, which will be the
address of the next characte~to be accessed, the contents of the OF-REG,
which is the operation code of the last instruction to be executed, and
the contents of the 141 storage as it stood when the program stoppes.
a) Type the request word DUNP and press the RELEhSE and ST1-\RT keys.
b) \Jhen the entire storage is dumped the typewriter will request
the next function.

The CLEAR Function
The 141 storage can be cleared (set to blanks) with this function.
a) Type the request word CLEAR and press the RELEi\0E and START keys.
b) When the clearing operation is completed the typewriter will
request the next function.
The ALTER Function
Instructions and data, incluJing word marks, in the 141 storage
can be altered with this function. This may be used for debugging a
program or entering complete small demonstration programs directly in
machine language.
a) Type the request word ALTiR and press the RELEASE and START keys.
b) The typewriter will type BEGINNING AT.
c) Type the three digit 141 location at which the alteration is
desired and press the RELEASE and START keys.
d) The typewriter will repeat this location to verify it.
e) Type the instructions and data in machine language, disregarding
word marks. This is the only instance where the operator will
have to use the typewriter shift key. For all other entries
the typewriter will automatically be in the proper alphabetic
or numeric shift. At any convenient place, at least one character before the end of the line, cease typing and press the
RELEASE and START keys.

- 44 -

l!i

The EXECUTE Function
Execution of 141 programs can be started with this function.
a) ~e the request word EXECUTE and press the RELEASE and START
keys.
b) The typewriter will type BEGINNING AT.
c) Type the three-digit 141 location of the first instruction
to be executed and press the RELEASE and START keys.
The EXIT Function
In versions C and D this function returns control to the 1620
14onitor.
a) Type the request word EXIT.
b) Press the RELEhSE and START keys.
Program Switch Options
a)

Program Switch 1 - Turning Program Switch 1 on will cause the
program to halt at the end of the execution of the current 141
instruction. The operator may either press STi~T to continue
with the next 141 instruction or he may press RES~T, INSERT,
RSLEASE and START to request a new function.

- 45 -

b)

Program Switch 2 - IJhen Program Switch 2 is off the DUl-iP function
will use the typewriter or printer.. When it is on the DUl!F function
will use the card punch. These cards can be listed on an IBH
407 Accounting Hachine.
c) Program Switch 3 - Cards punched by the DUMP function can be
reloaded with the LOAD function with Program Switch 3 on. \lith
Program Switch 3 off SPS self-loading cards can be loaded.
d) Program Switch 4 - I f Program Switch 4 is on at the time the
simulator is loaded the typing of the list of functions will
be omitted.

c)

Card Dump Format - Cards in this format must be sequentially
nunbered with the odd numbered cards containing the program and
data characters and the even numbered cards containing the word
marks.

Special Notes

~

a) Restarting Programs - 141 programs can be stopped, dumped,
and later restarted by the following procedure:
1) Stop the program by turning Program Switch Ion.
2) Dump the program on cards using the DUN1- function with
Program Switch 2 on.
3) Later re-load the program using the LOAD function with
Program ~witch 3 on.
b)

Loading Machine Language Programs - Machine language programs
can be loaded either by typing them under the control of the
ALTER function or by key punching them in the Card Dump format
and loading them using the LOAD function with I'rogram Switch 3
on.

L- 2
4 - 6

9 - 11

20 - 69

Q!m.
Card Number
Blank
Load address
Program or Data

~

Card Number
Blank except for last card
Blank
lIs for word marks

In an odd numbered card, up to fifty characters to be loaded
are pWlched starting in column 20. In columns 9 through 11 is
punched the address of the location in storage where the character in column 20 is to be stored. In columns 20 through 69
of an even numbered card are punched l' s for the word marks
associated with the characters in columns 20 through 69 of the
previous card. In columns 4 through 6 of the last card (even
numbered) is punched the addre~s at which execution is to be-

Console Lights - When a 141 program is stopped by a program
halt,an error halt, or by turning on Program Switch 1, the
operation code of the instruction just completed can be determined from the DIGIT M~D BRANCH lights on the console. The
1620 display can be converted to a 141 operation code by using
the following table:

gin.

DIGIT
AND
BRANCH

03
04
21
23
41
42
43

141
OP-CODE

J:l

ir )

-L ,

A

B

Q

SPS
OP-CODE

DIGIT
AND
BRANCH

H
CW
CS
SW
A
B
C

53
54
55
62
71
72
74

141
OP-CODE

SPS
OP-CODE

L

LCA
I'1CW
NOP
S
R
W
P

M
if
S
I
~
!i

d)

* ** *

Monitor END OF JOB cards - In versions C and D,
END OF JOB cards may be used to facilitate continuous operation.
In an SPS Assembly, if the last source program deck is followed
by an END OF JOB card control is automatically returned to the
1620 Monitor and the next program, such as the 141 Simulator,
can be called into stcr age for execution.
During the execution of a 141 program using the 141 Simulator,
an END OF JOB card following the data cards will automatically
cause a return to request a new function. This may be any 141
Simulator function, includiri8 the EXIT function which will return
control to the 1620 Monitor.

The address of the next instruction to be executed can be
determined by pressing the DISPLAY HAR key with the HEHORY
ADDRESS REGISTER SELECTOR rotated to the OR-2 oosi tion. The
141 address of the next instruction will be displayed by the
lights of the NEMORY lJ)DRESS REGI::,TER.

e)

1443 Carriage Control - In versions B and D, no prOVisions are
made for control of the 1443 printer carriage except for an
automatic detection of a channel 12 punch which will skip the
paper form to the channel 1 position.

- 46 -

- 47-

o

CJ

o

SQURCE PRCGRAH

~IqT~NG

13. O. 017
- VERSION C -

1620 With 1311 Disk Storage Drive
and

Indirect Addressing

o
C1

~____

.QQ ........:OilLlQ..:....l--.-~.::..,....(~......,-,...,.........._~_.~~. _ ....__.~
00.002

FOR

00 00 3
00 004
00 005

~:;

00 006

/.\S,r~BL Y TEi-':

~:~

.=-.

. CDCi\!T ,0
J ] , Ii! i I.T + ll--_._._. _-_.-

I.E

*+12
IFf"} ER:~CjiT, 0
IFM IMAGt+5,O
SEEK DeTl
TFf'1
ICTR,0333,8
IEtli fV1ADD!<+6, LABEL-l5 _. _____.__ _
BLC

00 009
00 010

00 all
00012
~~-...---=-oo

013
00 014
00 0 1 5

TFM
T 0 ~i

00 0 16

MLA3fL+6,LABEL-18
0 V E R S ~J , 0
I Df: i\J T- 1

CF
~C

BlC NOENU
RAca LAREA

_.__.._..... _. _Q_.0_..--0.:.:;....19_ _ _ _-B-N-R_-=:~-+-'-3-6.....:..,-L~A-R_'_E_A,___---.- __ ._.... _...._

00 020

BNR

00 021

B

79b

CDC),",JT,1,10
E; [\J D+ It , L ARE A+ 3 0

00 024

fvJOD

025
026
027
028
029

030
031
032
00 033

AST,LAREA+14
BE

. ['/jOD

C

CCTL,LAREA+30

BE

tv10D

C

CEX,LAREA+30

BE

~"lOD

C

00 034

BE

00 035

C

CDC t·} - 2 , L ARE A + 2 8
OCDSi<
CDSA-2,LAREA+28
DCDSf!,
CORG,LAREA+30

00 036
00 037

BE

ORGR

C

CB,

BE
C

00 038

, BNE

00 039

C

00
00
'00
00

BE
IFM

040
041
042
04j

00044

00 045
00 046

00 047 INCR
00 048
00 049
00 050
00 051
00 052
00 053
00 054 P7

0:22

00 056 P4
00 057 REPl

._. ._. __._ _ .____.' ...._. __

*+24,LAREA~2

00 022
00 023

QO

1311

IN I T l ALIZ AT I (0) i'J AI'J D S T(] REP RUG RAi,il RCJ UTI f\J E

·00 008

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

c

fj,SSEf'!J8.LER

1620 -

~:~

"...., .__D.o. ...QnL-r-'

00 017
00 018

~41

*

- - . - - - - ._ ... _ - - - - - -

BLANV., LAREA+64
*+36

CNT,B,9
REPL
CNT.O.9

B

rEM

INCR,lAREA+75
INCR,LAREA+76

BO
BO
8

*+24-

AM
C
BNE
C

Ltd~EA+30

~'+nQ

I

CNT,l,10
BLANK, LAREA+64.
P7

BLAN/<,LAREA+42

BNI! . P4

AM
8

CNT,l,lO
REPL

AM

CNT,7,~O

e

.AM

TO

o

REPl
'tNT ,4,10

LAREA+12,CNI

C2
--

- . - - . - -....- ..

~~-

Ib'!N'tt

he.

d

I

t

_e.

IlrY

o.o~

00
00
00
00
00

0
..

0

--

059
060
061
062
063

QU Q6 Lt

00 065
00 066
00 067
00 068
00 069
__ Di2 ___ Q 7 0
DO 071
00 072
00 073
00 074
00 075
00 076
00 077
00 078
00 079
00 080
00 081
00 082
00 083
00 084
00 085
00 086
00 087
00 088
00 089
00 090
00 091
00 092
00 '093
00 094
00 095
00 096
00 097
00 098
- 00 099
00 100
00 101
00 102
00 103
00 104
00 105
QQ lQ6
00 107
00 108
00 109
00 110
00 111
00 112
00 113
00 114

0

'f

II

_______ ~ 1DM

fvl0D

,.,-

.-.

REPLllvi
LOC,ICTR
LTfI,:)L[
Ie It< , Cf\.J I
--- ._ _---" -.-._.--,i'HJ~ ,l;V EI{ Slr-J
LJV F: R:-', , leT R- 3
DCTt
I H,t\ Cl: + 5 , 2 , 1 0
END +f:l-, LAR EA+ 30
PASS2
LC
5,0
IVI L.1\ '1 EL+ 6 , 1 5 , 1 0
i"l ADO l( + 6, 1 5, 1 0
MAnOR+6,LABEL+15*90
LBLF.RR
LAf? E1\+ 13
0, L.Ar:~+(

oivj \1 f)

B

~:~- ~;!t

C

C/t..t_Cl~__".q __ . ., .

BE

t,~-1

C

C2,Ci'JT
TESTS'I'J
Oivl0D+6, LD II\J+24
DMUDr+18,LOIN+23
Or·100 ~ 0
TE STS vJ
L0 I j\J, 5 4, 1 a
TT,CI.:T

Bf\jE

DCWR2

TFM
TFf'-1
8TM
B
TFrv1
C
BL
C
BL

~~+36

BLAf'JK-.I0,CNT
~:'+72

AN

TOM
TF
TF
B
SF
C1'-1
BNE
SF
TFM
A

...

TDr~
TFr~

AAA
DSR

A
TF
TO
TO
TO
C
BE
S
TO
TO
TD
TF
B

..

TFt~

TF
IF
TFM
C

BE
S

SF

IF

TF
B

°

ERR CI'.: T ,1 , 1
ERR S (.j , 1
LOJ i\! + 1 2 , LBS
L0 I r\j +6 , L8 S
TESTSt,!
'LARE/\+43
LAREA+44,20,10
MH\!US+12
LAREI-\+10
MH,I US +6 , LA REA +4 3
MI ,,]US+6, eNT
tv1 I f\!U S+6 , CNT
- .. - -.- -_._ ........ _----_ .. __ ._._._0,5
T2 Lf-,23,9
T24,Cf\jT
LDIN+6,ZERO
LOIN+6,T24
LDli'J+4,T24-1
__ -.-.,
- - - - - - - ._
... ----_.-_ ... _ - - '
LOli'J+2,T24-2
AST,LAREA+32
AAA
ICTR,CNT
LDIN+12,LAREA+38
LDIN+I0 l LAREA+36
-----.----LOIf\J+S,LAREA+34
IDF:NT+16,LOIN+12
TESTSW
LOI N,,55,10
LDIN+28,LD.IN+·12.
I.DIN+12!BRRD
- - - - - - - ------.- LOIN+22,70,10
AST,lAREA+32
*+48
ICTR,CNT
II
LAREA+33

o

A

MINUS

CH:.

I

....

.....

__

..

LDIN+28tLAREA+~~_.

IDENT+16,LDIN+28
TES TSltJ

C6

o

I

1.li

II.

!II,
,
"

'

OQ_2.1t6.J2S.AIL_---.IElL_.LDJ i-~±_6! 72:L6 J8 ___ .___
BAD!')
BTf'~
00 287
LD I ['I.! + 30
00 288
CF
00 289
LAREA+50,LDIN+34
TF
00 290
LDI i\! + 34 , BLAN K- 6
TF
~1 P-Il! S+ 72 00 291
B
00 292. ___ , _______l)C_~-_5t __ 0______._~_. , ____ .______
C;vI CH, LARE A+ 3 a
00 293 TABLE C
00 294
I i\lH
BE
00 295
CR, L/\REA+30
C
00 296
I N1
BE
00 297
CH, Lt\REA+30
C
___________.0 0 228
IN2
BE
CP, L/~REA+30
00 299
C
00 300
BE
IN'+
CSH,LAREA+30
00 301
C
00 302
INCOh
BE
00 303
CCI:J,LAREA+30
C
00 .~04_
INLCJZ
BE
00 305
CA,LAREA+30
C
00 306
H~A
BE
CS _, LI~ REA + 3 0
00 307
C
00 308
BE
INS
CC,LAREA+30
00 309
C
00 310
BE
'INC
CH, L/~.REA+30
00 311
C
00 312
INH
BE
CB, L!\KEA+30
00 313
C
II\IB
00 314
BE
CCS,LAREA+30
00 315
C
00 316
INS L11
BE
__ _
CLCA,LAREA+30
00 317
C
00 318
BE
INL
CNOP,LAREA+30
00 319
C
INf\J
00 320
BE
LDI [\l + 2 2 , LBS - 4
00 321
TF
_____--.-9Q_ 322
B
INLBS+12
00 323 INM
TFH LDIN+22,54,10
00 324
BB
TFM LDIN+22,71,10
00 325 IN1
00 326
BB
00 327 IN2
TFf"" LDIN+22,72,10
BB
00 328
----- _._---"
00 329 IN4
T F~~ LDIi\j+22, 74, 10
00 330
BB
00 331 INCOM TFM LDIN+22,23,10
00 332
BB
00 333 INLOZ TFfvl \ LDIN+22,04,1000 3~4
BB
TFM LDIN+22,41,lO
00 335 INA
00 336
SB
00 337 INS
TFM LDIN+22,62,10
00 338
BB
00 339 INC
TFM LDIN+22,43,lO
00 340
BB
00 341 INH
TFM LDIN+22,03,lO
00 342
BB

0

Cl

------.

.. ...•

----

•

-----;--

----

...

-.---.--- ...... -..

._--- -,,_._".-..._-..._-

c-r
au is : ££(,

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.·

BB

a ______. _.

INSLH

TFM

LDIN+22,21,lO

INL

BB
TFM

LDIN+22,53,lO

BS
T FlvJ
BS
~:(

o

L f) I [,1+ 22, 5?_-1J.p. __ .~ ___ ..._. _____.____._ . _.__ .. _

OMOO ROUTINE

DC
DMOO

5,0
LOIN+36,LAREA+76
LDIN+35,LAREA+75

TO
TO

BB
AODR ES S ROUT I I\JE
5,0
DC
~:(+36, LAREA+54
BADO
BO

):(·B

BD

~:(

BL
C
BNE

AST,LAREA+54

TF
TF

\"J A, I eTR
LOr i\! + 34 ,

+ ? 4 , L ARE A+ 53
INLl3S
B
.-==--::~_ _ _-:::::C_.......--~S~9..L' L /'\R E:;.:.,.A:.-+. ; ;,. 5. . .;.-4_ _ ._ _ _ .___ ..___ . _._. ___ .___ ._

BI[\!.l\CT
~(+

ZER0
LDIN+34,WA
L0 I r·J + 3 2 , ~'J A-I
L 0 I N + 3 a , I~ A- 2

TO
TO
TO

INLBS

BC/\DJ

TFfll

L00 K+ 23, LA, REA +~.~. _____.______._.__ ...
XX+6,LDIN+34
LOOI<
BLAi'JI<-6, LAREA+74

LEXIT+6,BCADJ
LDIf~rf-34,

C

ZERO

BNE
BB

ADJB

TF

L 0 Il'~ + 34 , LBS
ERRCf\T,l,lO

AIII'I

TOM
BB
BINACT TF
TO

ERR S l'; , 1
LDIf~+34,lERO

TO

TD
B

AOJB

o

B
TFM
TF
T FfvJ
8

BCADJ

f:l4

TO
TO
TO
SF

TO
TO
TO
SF

C
BNE
S
B

I

LOIN+34,LAREA+60
LOIN+32,LAREA+58
L 0 I ~J + 30 , L ARE A+ 5 6
BCAOJ
WAJ.,LAREA+72
WAl-l,LAREA+70
v.JAl-2, LAREA+68
WAl-2
l-'J A 2 , L 0 I N+ 3 i ..

WA2-1,LDIN+32
WA2-Z,LDIN+30
WA2-2
BSIGN,LAREA+66
*+36
--------_.WA 2, I',! Al
)~+24

cs

- - - - -.----- - _ _
..

.. ..

o

.0 D.. _4'-'O"'-'OoL.-____Ar=. .___ -..l~A2.t ~Jtl... . ___ .

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

401
CF
WA2
402
TO
LOIN+34,WA2
40 3
TO
L D I I\J -I- 3 2 , WA 2 - 1
404
TO
LDIN+30,WA2-2
405
BB
Lt-,-0=..;6=--:.. . . !'f.A---,----,-AQQg ~. .~S_RQ!J. T I ;; E: _. . . .
407
DC
5,0
408 AADO
BO
*+36,LAREA+32
409
~D
*+24,LAREA+31
410
8
I I'J L r) SA
411
C
S9,LAkEA+32
..412
BL
AI ~\l/\CT·
413
C
AST,LAREA+32
00 414
BNE *+84
00 415
TF
WA,ICTR
00 4 16
TF
L D I i\! + 2 8 , Z ER 0
00 417
TO
LDIN+28,WA
.. OQ..._.418
TD
LD I ;\1+ 26, rJA-:J.n ....
It

00
00
00
00

420
421
422
42 3
4.24
425
4 26
427
428
429
430
431
4 32
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
44 2
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456

.QO

c

19

00

00
00
00
00

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

T0

B
TFM
TF
T F I'll

H P. .

_ _ _ •••

LEXIT+6,ACADJ
LD Ii\I+28, ZERO
L 0 rJ 1-( + 2 3, L ARE A + 4 2
XX+6, LDIf\]+28 ...... _.
LOOK
BLA;\.1 :< - 6 , LARE A+ 5 2
ADJA

TFH
B
ACAD J C
BNE
B8
INLBSA TF
LDIN+28,LBS
8
INLBS+12
AINACT TF
LDIN+28,ZERO
TD
L 0 I!' . .1+ 2 8 , LARE A+ 3 8
TD
LOIN+26,LAREA+36
TD
LOIN+24,LAREA+34
B
ACAOJ
AOJA
TO
WA1,LAREA+50
...----..
TO
WAl-l,LAREA+48
TO
WAl-2,LAREA+46
SF
WAl-2
TD
WA?,LDIN+28
TO
WA2-1,LDIN+26
. TD
~'J A? - 2 , LDI [\J + 2 4
. ____. _....
SF
WA2-2
C
BSIGN,LAREA+44
BNE *+36
S
WA2,WA1
B
*+24
A
\~A 2 , ~'J Al
CF
WA2
TD
LDIN+28,WA2
LDIN+26,WA2-1
TD
LDIN+24,WA2-2
TD
BB
LABEL TABLE LOOK UP
LOOK
TFM *+18,LABEL-3
C
0,0

------'----...:..---:"~-~---!...-----=----

•

_

L D I [\J + 2 4 , WA- 2
ACADJ

--~---.-

.. _. _..... _-_._....... .

*

C9
_ _ hiles ill 1\&44« I:: $

au

t;;MikiM

:1,,,
"I

tn

OQ__ 51~

0

0

0

00 515
00 516
00 517
00 518
00 519
00 52D
00 5?1
00 522
00 523
00 524
00 525
00.526
00 527
00 528
00 529
00 530
00 531
00 532
00 533
00 534
00 535
00 536
00 537
00 538
00 539
00 540
00 541
00 542
00 543
00 544
00 545
00 546
00 547
00 548
00 5Lj· 9
00 550
00 551
00 552
00 553
00 554
00 555
00 556
00 557
00 558
00 559
00 560
00 561
00 562
00 563
00 564
00 565
00 566
00 567
00 568
00 569
00 570

B

EXR2

t

j

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. _.. TE S.lSJL
AA!")!)

BT["1
TF

L[) I I'! + 6 , LD I 1',1 + 2 8
LDI i\l + 2 8 , BLAN 1< - A
LDI Lt 2 , 10
LDI :',1 -I- 1 2 , 13 LAf\J K- 6
I Dr: i',' T+ 16 , f3.LI\!"J I( - 6.

TF
TFf";

I"

TF
TF
B

,

TcSTSh
Lf..\ P f: J\

PR If'! T

Vii, TY

C51

TEST ~; \; + 2 Ll50, , (,08015, 022 () 26 , () 30034, 041 , 045, ().5?) , 05707?, 1 026
DAC
;;"
D..AC____ 3L! ._._._.......
--

RCTY
P>

C52
85

CLOIN
A,5T
CNT~1SG

ENDC
BRRD
ZER(J
C~1C\rJ

CR
C\. ·I
CP
C S~..J
CClrJ
CA
CS
CC
CH
CB
CCS
CLCA
CNOP
CDCt4
CDSA
CDC
CDS
CORG
ceTL
CEX
LBS
TT
T24
S9
BSIGN
~J A
C8
C7
C5
C4
C3
C2
WAI

,
50,LU72116,110106,105117RIOl/999,O?7 6 074028)027800102,
,
3 1 , 7 (H~ 0 2 6 1 099 1 , 0 a 1 1 00 1 1 1 7 I 0

DAC
DAC
DAC 50" (J080 15,022029,056063/056029
,0240671056
DAC 31,
DAC 20,LUU10561056
1 , ~:, , ---_.-._.._._ .._-- ,._-DAC
DAC 23, C)(jO CARDS OOD E RRO RS ~) ,
14,21707070707810
DC
8,71707576
DC
6,707070
DC
A , r5 LI- I!- 3 6 6
DC
DC
_.?L) 9 ~_~OQQ .__..... _
6,66()OOO
DC
6, 5 7() or.) 0
DC
6,626600
DC
6,1+36600
DC
VC
6,410000
6,620000
DC
6,
Lr 30000
DC
6,
Lj-8(jOOO
DC
6 , Ll· 2 () () 0 0
DC
6,/1-36200
DC

;:,--,

(i),

..

DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC

6 , 5 3 L:. 3 !t 1

6 ! 5 5 ~5 6 5 ,7..____
6 , Lj. 4 L;_ 3 n 6
6, !t Lt62 Ll·1

_..... -._._-_ .._._--

_._-_.-

-

...... 0

6,/~44300
6, 4 LI-6 2 00

6,565947
6 , 1+ 36:; ?.l._ ...

.

-_._--_ ..... .-- ---.---..

6, L+56 700

\

6,333333
3,32
3,23
2,69
2!20
3,0
3,n
3,7
3,5
3, !I-

_. __ - .•. ..

...

-------

...

313

..

3,2
3,0

_... __ ..- •.. - -------_.... --.

_..... _-------_...

_- -

._.-

---_ ...----.----- ....--..- - -..- -

ell
•••'IIIIUUI II I " lU

~IU

I "~~,.",,• •

571 \.J A2
DC
572 OV ERS~J DC
573 ERRSW DC
5.74
DcND

QQ.
00
00
00

~.'-~~..

1,0
1 ,0

--,-~--

....

-_

.•...• _,..., ..

0

AS;'·j8L y

.. -

...

-- .... -

.. _ - - , -

---~-~~~--

---.-- _.- ..- - - -...__

.....

....•....•....•.... - - . - - . - -...

. - - - . - -..- - -...••.-

.....

- ._-_•.. -

o

._._---

C/2.

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+IzI+JeiId!!LS

It t

dtrt tt" "j_ttt

riW

H"'

SYMBOL TABLE
141SPS-C

C\
TESTSW
LTABLE
ENDMSG
ADDRAR
ADJA
BLANK
CB
CDC
CEX
CNOP
CS
C2
C8
DSAR
ERRSW
INA
INH
INM
INI
LBS
LOOK
ORGR
PCS
REPL
OWA

09496
03224
05481
04064
09016
04080
10739
10775
10799
10757
10721
10836
10821
07276
10844
07858
07930
07714
07738
10805
09232
03416
05824
03026
10818

REPLIM 03110
LBLr~SG 03381
CNTMSG 10601
AAA
07120
ADJB 08458
BRRD
10667
CC
10727
CDCNT 05442
CH
10733
CNT
04087
CSW
10703
C3
10833
DCDSR 03464
DSR
07144
EXR2 09952
07954
INB
INIT 09844
INN
08026
07762
IN2
02546
LC
MADDR 03308
ORGR2 09856
PRINT 10036
S9
10813
WA1
10839

OVERSW
LBLERR
BINACT
AADD
AST

BS
CCS
CDCW
CLCA
CORG
CS1
C4
OCTL
END
ICTR
INC
INL
INS
IN4
LOIN
MINUS
OVERR
PULIM
TABLE
W.A2

10843
03344
08398
08680
10599
10397
10745
10763
10751
10787
10073
10830
05450
05475
04068
07906
08002
07882
07786
03971
06964
03776
05872
07354
10842

MVADDR
INLBSA
ASt~BL Y
ABSlT
BAOD
BSIGN
CCTL·
CDS
CLOIN
CP
CS2
C5
DCWR2
ENDC
IDENT
INCOM
INLBS
INSLB
LABEL
LEXIT
MOD
OVMSG
P4
TT

XX

09316
08932
02402
03656
08098
10815
10793
10781
10559
10697
10235
10827
06772
10659
04011
07810
08350
09436
04102
09376
03146
05577
03014
10808
09352

MLABF.L
ERRCNT
AINACT
ACAOJ
BCADJ
CA
CC ~J
CDSA
CMCW
CR
C\..J

C7
DMOD
ENDCD
IMAGE
INCR
INLOZ
INSLH
LAREA
LOC
NOEND
PASS2
P7
T24
ZERO

03284
05448
08956
08896
08314
10715
10709
10769
10679
10685
10691
10824
08056
09568
05458
02906
07834
07978
03861
04084
03716
05620
02990
10811
10673

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I

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00
00
00
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002 ~:~
003 ~:c
004
005 ~:~

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-141 - SIMULATOR
FOR 1620 - 1311
INITIALIZER

ROUTINE

c

o

J,999E,ASK+41
006 BE0IN TR
00 .QO ~7~~_~T F -,11,PRELD+ll
,DO 008
SF
17982
CLE:/HZ+24
00 009
BC4
00 010
RCTY
00 011
WATY HE/\f)G
00 012
RCTY

. QQ. -""0'-*1. .3'--_
..
_ _.-=:B;....!.T~M;..,.........,,..:..:t'-l~R~T-4,~·i:..:::::O~R:.:::::.D____~___.;..... _, __. ___ __
00 0 14
BTFI
~..J RT , \; UR0 + 1 0

00 015
BTM
WRT,WDRD+22
00 016
BTM WRT,~URD+34
00 017
BTf~ ~'!R T , :';URD+44
00 0 1 8
B T (vi
hi R T , HUR 0 + 60
o0 0'-"'1~9_ _ _ _-=B'--_~C L F. !\r~ + 24
00 020 v.!RT
BC4 CL E/-,\i!.+24
00 021
RCTY
00 022
WATY Flhl,CT,,2
00 023
BC4 CLEfiF<+24
00 024
WATY -~~r\ T+ 1
_.OQ_ 025
Aiv1
l~ R T + ~ 0 , 80 , 1 0
00 026
BB
00 027 INITZR RCTY
00 028
RCTY
00 029
WATY
00 030
RATY
00 031
SF
00 032
C
00
00
00
00
00
00,

TESTL
TESTL-l
T EST L + 6 , t·J 0 RD+ 6
S.T AR T

033
034
035
036

BE
C

C

TESTL+8,WORD+30

037

BE

A L T El<

038

C

TESTL+6, l-JORD+40

BE

DSTI-~P\T

C
BE

TESTL+12,WORD+56

00 041

00 04'2

C

00 039
00 040

00043

BE

o

ASK

TESTL+8,WORD+18
C LE Ai<

INBRCH

TESTL+6, v-JORD+66
796
BE
WATY INERR
RCTY

00 044
00 045
00 046
RCTY
00 047
B
INITZR
00 048 INBRCH WATY,BGMSG
_ _----'0=-'0"'-·--,0::::...4-,-9~~_ _....:.R...:.N..:...T~Y____T.:....:E::...:S~T.:....:L=----,I=--,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,_______ .__._._._"
00 050
TO
17985,TESTl-l
00 051
TO
17987,TESTL
00 052
TO
17989,TESTL+l
00 053'

, RCTY

00 054

ReTY

00 055

SF

00 056

B'

17990
B

00 057 TESTL

OAC

10,

C/1-

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X

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0

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1

In

OQ .058 HEADG
00 059
00 060 FUr-ICT
00 061
00 062
00 063

00
00
00
00
00

OA8
OA9
070

ASK
no 073 BGMSG
00 074 INERR

DAC
DAC
DAC
OAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
OAC
DAC

00
00
DO
00
00

075

RCTY

. 00

Q6~L._.

. 00 065
00 066 WORD

00 067

071
072

3 6 lE~li\C T I Ol\i S I) F. RF 0 P.f'-1 E D
1 8 , R ~:: (.) I J EST 8 Y T Y P I 1\' G(i) ,
40 ,
L (J /\ D P :~ (] C F), A H F RlJ r'1
4
CLEA. R 1. (f· 1 ST CJ RAGE

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CAR D H E AD E R

ALTER STORAGE FROM TYPEWRITER

40,
40,
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BE G I ['\' F: xr: C.lJ T I U1\ I UF PRUG f~ Ai'.'i
if- a ,
RET U PJ'I T D 1 6 2 0 .~1 D f\J ITO R
5, LUJ\[j(i),
6 , eLi: 1\ R (;) ,
6, !\LTl::Rc;) ,
5,OUiiP;1l,
8 , F: X t: CUT _~~! .

5,F:XITr0,

23,RLQUESTED FUNCTION IS
1 5 , t') E G I j\1 j\j I i'J GAT cJ,

~,

INVALID REQUEST WDRD.@,

24,

~:~

07A ~~ LOADER RUUT
I ;,;~:
.----------.-.. -. 077 ~:~
078 START RCTY

079

BC3 LDU;i i)
00 080
00 081
TF
18161.RLANKS
00 082
~_ _ _ _-:...T...:-F_--=1~8...::;:..1--:..4-=-1 , B LA I\J 1< S

0

00 083
TF
18121,BlANKS
00 OBLt
TF
18101,BlANKS
00 085
TF
180g1,BLANKS
00 086
TF
18061,BLANKS
00 087
TF
18041,BLANKS
00_ ORS
_
_ _ _ _ _ _T_F_--'1"'-S_f.....;.12.:c..;;- ,~B LAN K S-1_____ ._. _._ _ _....._....
00 089
RACD 18003
00 090
TFM FTEST+11,lB002
00 091
B
00 092
00 093 ~:~ INSTRUCTION I~\CCESS RCHJTli\IE
00 094
00 095 f\lE XT I i\J Bi~C 1 ~:~ +6 0
00 096
B T tvl
CVTRl:G,O,10
t.~+35, 179S3
00 097
TF
:~+18, IREG-l
00 098
TF
0,0
00 099
H
J .;;.....,.

... ___ .OD_. 100

•
, !

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

101
102 FTEST
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114

A~'I

BT
BNF
TF

FTFST+l1,2,10
TESTI-II,FTEST+11
':' .... 3 6 , 0 , 7
1 79 (3 L;. , - F TEST - 1 1

TJ\BLE
B
AM \ FTF:ST+l1,6,lO·
TESTHI,FTEST+ll
8T
17990,-FTEST-ll
TF
BNF *+24,-FTEST-l1
B

TABLE

BNE
BO
TF

~:'+72

AM

""+23,1,10

eM

17983,42,~0
~'+60

, 17990

------_._

_

..• ...

_---

~(+35,FTEST+11

CIS
uaEaCi: Uil lie 1&444141#11 . $

aMI 01 ;::;:::;;: ...,

I

:1

_ _......
BJ.,LD_~ ___ ~:~ +2 Lt , U
B
8+ 1.?

OO._ll~_

00
00
00
00
- 00

116
117
118

119
120

00 121

A~'i

o

F T::: S T+ 11 , 2 , 1 ()
TEST i-ll , F TEST + 1 1

BT

BNF *+3h,-FTEST-11
TF
17992,-FTEST-ll
________B ___~-~Al}L-~+2B8

,00 122
00 123
00 124
00 125
00 1 2 6

AM
BT
TF
BNF

17996,-FTEST-ll
*+24,-FTEST-l1

B

T t\ !-: Ll~ + 96

FT~ST+11,4,lO

T EST ;-: I , F TEST + 11

-DO. __ 12.7-L-_____Cw...tI:i- _____.L1.2.B_::;.-2-2 3!.~.o __ _
00 128
bE
SW
00 129
CM
179U3,21,lO
OU 130
BE
CS-6U
00 131
AM
FTEST+ll,2,10
00 132
BT
TESThl,FTEST+ll
00 133
BNF *-24,-FTEST-ll
00 134
TF~ 799-(~:,~-:'F-frsf-l (--------00 135
B
TARL2+288
00 136
TEST FOR WRAP~AROUND OFF HIGH END OF CORE.
00 137
DC
5,0
00 138 TESTHI CM
*-1,20000
00 139
BNl *+24
00 140
BB
00 141
RCTY
00 142
WATY Hli',SC;
00 143
RCTY

*

00 1't-4
00
00
00
00

H

145
146 HIMSG

147
148

00 149

B

D S T !\;", T

DAC

L~ 7

--~------------------------------

, H I l H/i ITO F COR E E XC EED ED.

..

--..--- ---_._. . --- -------

_.-

PUS H S TAR T Tn n U~'1 P • ('J ,

~~

)~

*

TABLE SEARCH Ful~ OPERATIONAL SUBROUTINE
TABLE ORDER - R,W,P,H,SW,A,S,CS,CW,MCW,C,LCA,B,NOP.

00 150 ),'t
00 151 TABLE
00 152

00 153
00 154
00 155
00 156

Cf"
BE
CH
BE
CfVl
BE

17983,71,10
R

17983,72,10
t...J

17983,74,LO
p

_ _~00~=-15~7_ _ _ _Ctv1
;::;.,;...;.._--=-~,;;...;;;:..~~~-.-_ _ _ _..,......,.-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.__________
1 79 F3 3 , 03 , 10
00 .158
H
BE
1798~),23,10
00 159
CM

00 160
00 161
00 162
00 163
00 164
00 165

BE
BE

17983,41,10
I

A

CM

17983,62,10

BE

S

CM

BE

eM

17983,21,10
CS-84·
17983,04,10

BE

CW

00 169

CM

17983,54,10

00 170
00 171

BE
Cfv1

MCv!
1 79 8:? , 43 , 10

o
CI&

-------~------

_

S ~'J

Clv1

00 166
00 167
00 168

----.-------.------.•.

o

!t

tl

ti

ttt"#Hi'-

0<)
00
00
00
00
00
00
. 00
00
00
00
00
00
--- ..• _ ....-------00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

0

112173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
.
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
20B
209
210
211
212
213

_-"b=-=~

CiVI
Bt:
CM
BE

C

'U _ _ _ _ _ _ '

•••

1 79 B3 , 5 3 , 1 0
LC 1\
17983,42,10
8

17983,55,10
BE
i\! tXT I.f\~__ ._ .___ ....
~:, If\JVALID OP CClUt: RDUTII\JE
ERRORI RCTY
C~

~'JATY

fJP"',SC

ReTY
[3

OP[\1SG

DAC

C D~ L I il + 36
'+l,Ir:VALID

IN.~.rRUCTIOf~I

~:,

OPERATIONAL SU::.ROUT Ir.!ES

~(

\~.'

R I T E S 1..J BR C)U T I : : E
TFf-·1
~:'+?3, 18561
--'C"---__Z...:....;E-'--J_)J_J~.___":.S :: 3 flLQ___ __ _
BNE
RE
.
S r~
\. ' + 23 , 2 , 1 0
C ~1
H+ ~ 3 , 1 8 Lt 0 1
BNE
\.!+ 12
B
SECL
RE
Atv1
W+23,2,lO
~:'+4 7, -hl -23
TO
-\tJ-23,400
TO

----=.:----..;_ _ _ _

.-.-.,------'~---'--

00
-_._- --- -_.-_.

0

I· ..

00
-- 00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
'00
QQ /14
00;215
00 216
00 217
00 218
00 219
00 220
00 221
00 222
00 223
00 224
00 225
00 226
00 227
00 228

•

SECL

TDfV\
RCTY
TO
BV
SF
C

-\:J-23,

..

__._ __
..._.

..-

- - - - - - - _..._----

':'+ 12

Tor~

BNE

~:'+36

BV

~:'+2't

B
TO
TO
WATY
TOM

':'+47,18603
18603,400
18563
18603,0

B
-ZEROES DC

----

a

18562
18601,ZEROES
18562,0

Bcrt

•. __ P.V.St-i START TQDUlvlP.(:),

8-2L~

._--

B-.2 L,.

40,0
READ A CARD SUBROUTINE
RACD 18003
R
BNR \ B-24,18003
6NR B-24 ! 18.005

*

'8

*P

796

PUNCH A CARD SUBROUTINE

WACD 18203
8-24
B
HALT SUBROUTINE
H
BTM CVTREG!0!10
TF
*+35,17983
TF.
*+18,IREG-1

*

CIT
=:SUZtltUI.' J : ii_MAgU;;'.

\ .

u;;

..--..............,.---------,,-... ....

...-

,

--..

,~~~-'

".',1
"

1

_ _ _--'-'-H_ _
.___.0 _J.D _
_ OQ. .....-....-L-_
229
B
B ... ?A
00 230
00 231
SET ~v 0 R0 HAR!( ~.~ U BR 0 UTI I\l E
B Ti"'j
C(F·! V T t\
00 232 Sv·J

o

*

00
. 00
00
.00
00
00
00
00

233
23 f t

TF
S ,-1

';'+30,1 7989
':;; .... 1 8 , 1 , 1 0 .

SF
0
2~5
BNF
':~+?Lt, 17990
236
B
j\J E ~< T I j"\;
237
238
BTH CU,·'VT lJ
TF
~:~ + 3 U , 1 7 9 95
239
S~'i
':~+18,1,10
240
SF
0
...... QO 241
00 242
B
I\JE XT I1\!
00 243 ):~ CLEAR WCJRD j"\(.\RI< SUBROUT INE
00 244
B Tfvl
COr·!VT A
00 245
TF
~:'+30, 17989
Sfv'j
):'+18,1,10
00 246
CF
a
--_QQ 247
BNF
):~+24, 17990'
00 248
B
. j\j EXT (j\
00 249
B T {Vi
C0 j'.J VT B
00 250
TF
);'+30, 1 7995
00 251
SM
):'+18,1,10
00 252
CF
O'
00 253
00 254
B
NE XT I hi
00 255 ~:, MOVE CHARACTER TO A OR B FIELD WORD MARK SUBROUTINE
00 256 MCH
CONVTA
B TIVi
00 257
Ivl ov r: + 11 , 1 7989
TF
00 258
(vlUVE+23,17989
IF
00 259
SM
MOVE+23,1,lO
BTr.,., COj\]VTB
00 260
TF
MDVE+6,17995
00 261
00 262
TF
MDVE+18,17995
SM
MOVE+18,1,lO
00 263
00 264
BNF MDVE,-MOVE-18
_ _ _00
~......=...--,-265 _ _ _~T,--D_r_~. .,. -S;;. .F. . . .;C;. . F_+.......;1~,o....;;2~_-.-'
___________.... _..... _.... ___._._._... _
00 266
T 0 r~
t'l 0 V E+ 2 5 , 9
TO
0,0
00 267 ~10VE
00 268
TD
0,0
NOP SFCF-12
00 269
00 270
BNF SFCF+24 r -MOVE-18
_ _---!:"-=---.....~
00 271 _ _ _-'T_p;..:..M.:.--_:.S'_l..F....1::IC'_l..F....;.+......=1'_',_=3~_ _ __ _ . - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _.....___.... _ ....._..._..._ . _._._.._.... _..... _ ......_..
TDM MDVE+25,1
00 272
00 273 SFCF
SF
- fill 0 V E- 1 8 , 0
00 274
a
NEXTIN
'SM
MDVE+6,2,lO
00 275
00 276
SM
,MDVE+ll,2,10
SM
MDVE+18,2,10
00 277
00 278
SM
MDVE+23,2,10
00 279
eM
MOVE+18,18000
00 280
Bl
CORl I tvl
'eM MDVE+23,18000
00 281
aNL MOVE-36
00 282
CORLIM'
RCTY
00
283
------'-----------....--..;....---------..;..-------------------.
00 284
BNR B-24,18003
00 285
B
796

o

o

CIS

CI

00 286
00· 287
00 2RR
00 2R9
00 290
00 -291

~~ A T Y

RCTY

C(J R1'\ S G

BT 1"1

C VT R[ G , 0, 1 a

TF
TF
H

::'+35, 1 7983
::'+1(3,IREG-1
0,0

. ___Q.0 292
B
DSTA!',T
'00 293 CDRMSG GAC
48,LUW LIMIT OF CORE EXCEEDED. PUSH START TO
00 29 Lt- ~:, COtJ1PARE SUBRUUTINE
B T [v)
C [J;'! V T t\
00 295 C
B
Tj\'1
CO::VT
B
00 296
00 297
-1799~,-1798Y
C
00 29H
I:3NH ::'+ 36
-_._. __ .__._---_._ .._-_._._-- - - OU 299 HIGH
SF
HIGH
B
::,+?L,_
00 300
00 301
CF
HIGH
Bf~E
::'+36
00 302
00 303 EQUAL
SF
EQUAL
f3
::,+?LI00 304
---'---------_._-_.00 305
CF
E OlJ!\ L
00 306
B
~·l EXT II \j
00 307 ::' BRAI\JCH SUBRC)lJT I I\JE
00 308
B i\J F
B+ 1 2 , 1 7 98 4
00 309
B
NE:-<--_ _ _ _ _

•

czs
_auwiS::: iii li!l ill 1M: JilM?m;gti.M gq #

,"

QO
00
00
00

00
00
00
~

.00
00
00
00
00

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

685

Ill_ _bU1S_± 6':1

t

it 0 0

_

C[)F:Ri~, \r.!MS+16
BO
686
STFLC+6,TR+6
687
TF
688
W~'lS
SF
H('JiS+l,40,10
689
Ctvl
~:~+ L'r B
690
BE
62J______L~ ____ ~::±3_D_,TF\_Tq__ . --- _ -. -~:,+ 1 B, 101 , 9
692
Af"l
TOM 0,0
693
694
TDfvl ALTSl';,O
cor';;-ILij\J
695
B
1 7 9B j , I.,'H-i S + 3
696 EXEC
TO
697
TO
1 79 fs_l.tYU'1j S +4
---_._ ,.
698
1 79 fVJ , h'r"i S + 5
TD
699
1799U
SF
TFfvl 1. , L~9 , 10
700
701
B
B
702 CDERR WATY CDHSG
RCTY
703
-H
704
705
S Ti\R T
B
706 ALTSW DC
1,0
707 CDrv1SG DAC 38,ScQLJENCE ERRDK.. PUSH START TO RE-LOAD@,
70S FIRST DSC 4,000(;),
709 tiMS
DSS 120
-_..._ _--_ .-.710 BANDC DAC 50,
DAC 30,
711
DEND BEG II':
712
,,_ .•.

C'

..

-

..

"'--~-~."--'--'

~

-------------------

- ----

..

.. -

0

-----------------------------------

-----------------------------

---

--------,-----------

------------------------,------------------

_0
C25

SYMBOL TABLE
141SIM-C

()
ZEROES
STRIPB
INITZR
ERRORI
CONVTB
A
ALTSW
BANDB
BLNKS
CS
EXEC
HEADG
INERR

05501
07434
02654
05008
08816
07014
11618
10283
10563
08408
11498
03035
03769
Mew 05898
OUT
10086
RE
05222
SAVC 09258
START 03816
TESTL 03015
TRM
11006
HORD 03623

TSIGNB
STRIPA
INBRCH
DSTART
CONVTA
ADD
AMSG
BANDC
C
C~~
FIRST
HIGH
INSRM
MOVE
P
READ1
SECL
STFLG
TEST5
TYPE
WR.ITE.

07338
07686
02906
09006
08738
07818
08119
11821
06438
05766
11696
06486
09270
06030
05550
10922
05282
11078
09666
09498
09750.

07590
08256
08323
10634
10982
10567
03693
06954
11570
10627
04068
04579
10607
10814
08972
11150
06102
05634
06858
UPPER 06906
WRT
02570

TSIGNA
POSCNT
FIELOB
CVTREG
COMMON
ADDR1
ASK
BCE
CDERR
DIV
FTEST
HIMSG
IREG
NEXTL
PRELD
RM
SFCF
SW
TINY

_.

TESTHI
NEXTIN
FIELOA
CORMSG
CARONO
ADDR2
B

BEGIN
CDMSG
OMOD
FUNCT
IN
LCA
OPMSG
PWM
S

SLASH
TABLE
TITLE
W

04482
03984
08289
06343
10572
10570
06606
02402
11621
06678
03143
09930
08684
05057
09618
07038
06810
04672
10575
05138

SWENOD
INSRM2
ERROR2
CORLIM
BLANKS
ALTER
BANDA
BGMSG
CLEAR
EQUAL

10564
09882
08070
06222
09004
10754
10123
03739
08888
06534
H
05574
INCR 09702
LOUMP 11210
OPREG 10609
R
05502
SAt"E 06834
SN
07914
TDIG 11030
TR
11342
HMS
11700

C27
_

_"_SUJuan sa iSI! hi Ii l2 Ii 1.. _4 tt.

¥

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t

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he

+rltt:iW+*iW /

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'M!

# 4Mb *ftriritti'''\

OR. JOHN MANIOTES
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY DEpt
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
CALUMET CAMPUS
HAMMOND. IN 4 _

.TIl E

141 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM

C:

-0
COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY
hlCUlII¢

WMH*M'W"t'ttrd'"#rl't'Mtt' te'

we u'

11

II

j

teN

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:

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p

Description

o

The 141 Data Processing System is an abbreviated version of the IBM 1401 Data
Processing System. It is an internally stored program machine with the following
features:
1. Input: IBM Card Reader
2. Output: IBM Card Punch and 100 character per line Printer
3. Storage: lOO..Q..positions of core storage with three digit numerical
addresses
4. Instruction length and date length: Variable.
Each position is designated by a three digit address in the range of 000 through 999
and is capable of storing one character: I a letter of the alphabet a numeric digit or
a special character such as. , / or):(. A group of consecutive storage positions make
up a field. Both data and instruction fields are variable in length so that no storage
space need be wasted with meaningless blanks or zeros.
I

Data
If a field is used for data it is referred to by the address of its low-order (rightmost)
digit position. A special indicator called a word mark is placed in the high-order
(leftmost) digit position to indicate the length of the field. The machine reads a
data field from right to left starting at the addressed low-order position and continuing until a character with a word mark is met. For example, a 5 digit data field
in storage locations 482 through 486 would have a word mark (indicated by an
underline) in position 482 and would be addressed by 486.
7

o

3

4

5

Ins tructions
-When a field contains an instruction it is addressed by the hiqh-order position
(left-most position) of the field. This position contains the operation code character
and a word mark. In addition to the operation code character I an instruction may
also cortain one or two 3-digit addresses and/or a modifying character. An instruction may therefore contain 1,4,5, or 7 characters. The machine reads instructions
from left to right starting with the addressed high-order position and continuing until
it meets the word mark in the high-order position of the next instruction.
Character Coding
Each position of storage is made up of eight ferromagnetic cores - each of which
can hold one "yes-or-no" bit. Four bits are needed to represent the digit portion
of the Hollerith code of the characters;.Jwo bits are needed to represent the zone
portion of the Hollerith code of the characters; one bit is needed to indicate the
presence or absence of a word mark; and one bit is used for checking.
The digit portion is coded in the Binary Code Decimal (BCD) system in which the four
bits have the values of 1,2,4, and 8 respectively. The sum of the "yes bits is
equal to the value of the digit.
II

Digit
1

•

8

4

2

3
4
5
6
7

8
9

o

x

2
X
X

x

X

X
X

X

X

1
X

X
X

X

X

X

X

(1)
.Ut/liff

'b

hbtt"w+tritrtirtkW

I

iw"r-r- 1'#1

The 0 digit is represented by the 8 bit and the 2 bit rather than no bits at all.. In
representing alphabetic and special characters the zone is represented by the lLand
the B bits as follows:

0

Zone
B
12 (A-I) X
11 (J-R) X
o (S-Z)
no (O-g)

A
X
X

The C bit is used for parity checking and is chosen so that the character will contain
the odd number of "yes bits. For example the letter C which is given by the 12 and
3 punches on the IBl\A is represented in the seven-bit alpha'meric code as:
Seven-bit alphameric code
Card Code
Character
C
B A
8421
C
12-3
x X X
X
X
It

C·
I

•
J

N

t.$

h

t' -.t'db#bf"y

TABLE I

0'

Character

Card Code

Blank

Blank
12 - 3 - 8
12 - 4 - 8
12
11
0-1
0-3 - 8
12 - 1
12 - 2
12 - 3
12 - 4
12 - 5
12 - 6
12 - 7
12 - 8
12 - 9
11 - 1
11 - 2
11 - 3
11 - 4
11 - 5
11 - 6
11 - 7
11 - 8
11 - 9
0-2
0-3
0-4
0-5:

.

}:r

&

/
I

A
B

C
D

E
F
G

H
I

J
K

L
l\tl
N
0

P

0

Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X

Y
Z
0
1

2
3
4

•

o-

X
X

8
9

X
X

X
v

X

X

X
X

X
X

X

X
X

1

X

X

X

X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X

X

X

X

X
X

X
X

X

X
X

X

X

X

X

X

X
X

X
X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X

X

X

X

X

.~

X

9

X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X

X

X
X

8
9

X

X

.i~

X

5

X

X

3
4
6
7

2

X

X

5

X

X

0
1
2

6
7

4

X

6

0-7
0-8

o-

Seven-bit Alphameric Code
C*
B
A
8

X

X
X
X

X
X

X
X

X

X

X
X
X

X

X

X
X
X

X
X

X

X

X
X

X

*Check bit to produce odd-parity. Table shows values for positions with no word
mark. Reverse if word mark is present.
-

(3)

X

r:i

1"

t'

t.rt.

ph_drH

.

t

t

Operation Codes
SW

Set Word Mark
-I-aaa
The Set Vvord Mark instruction causes a word mark to be set at the A-address.
Data at this address is undisturbed.

CW

Clear Word Mark
}:( aaa
The Clear Word Mark ins truction causes the word mark at the A-addres s to be
cleared. Data at the A-address is not disturbed.

()

MCVV Move Characters to A or B Vvord Mark instruction causes the data in the Afield to be moved to the B-field. The first word mark encountered stops the
operation. The data at the A-addres s is unaffected by the move operation.
Word Marks in both fields are undisturbed.

•

R

Read a Card
1
The Read a Card instruction causes the information in columns 1 through 80
of an IBM card to be read into storage locations 001 through 080 respectively.
The IIollerith code of each column is converted into s ix-bit alphameric code
as it is read into its position of core storage I according to Table 1. Word
marks are undisturbed. The C check bit of each position is automatically set
to produce an odd parity.

P

Punch a Card
4
The Punch a Card instruction causes the information in storage 101 through
180 to be punched into columns 1 through 80, respectively I of an IBM card.
The s ix-bit alphameric code is converted into Hollerith code according to
Table 1. The information is location 101 through 180 t including word marks
is undis turbed •

I

w

Write a Line
Z
The Write a Line instruction causes the information in storage locations of 201
throu9h 300 to print in the one hundred print positions of one line on the
printer. The information in storage t including word marks I is undisturbed.
The printer takes one automatic space after printing a line.

A

Add
A aaa bbb
The add instruction causes the data in the A-field to be adaed algebraically
to the data in the B-field. The result is stored in the B-field. The defining
word mark of the B-field stops the operation. If the A-field is shorter than
the B-field t a word mark in the A-field will stop the transmission of data
from the A-field, but any resulting carries will be added to the contents of
the B-field until the word mark in the B-field is met.

S

Subtract
S aaa bbb
The subtract instruction causes the data in theA-fi eid to be subtracted
algebraically from the data in the B-field. Word marks control the operation
in the same manner as in the Add operation.

c

Compare
C aaa bbb
The Compare instruction causes the informatiOil1n fields A and B to be
compared character to character. The six-bit configuration of each character
in the two fields is compared. \-Vord marks and check bits do not enter into
the comparison. If two corres ponding characters are not the same I the
Unequal Compare Indicator is turned on; in addition I either the B Field High
or B Field Low Indicators would be turned on according to the results of the
comparison. Each of these indicators may be tested by a Branch if Indicator
On instruction. The indicators are not turned off until the next Compare
instruction. If all indicators are off after a Compare instruction has been
executed I an equal condition may also be tested by a Branch if Ihdicator
On instruction.
(4)
it

It ,

o

The first word mark encountered stops the operation. If the A-field is longer
than the B-field, extra A-field positions beyond the length of the B-field will
not be compared. If the B-field is no longer than the A-field, an unequal
compare results and the Unequal and B-Field High Indicators are turned on.
B

Branch
B 111
The Branch instruction causes the program to branch to the instruction
specified by the I-address.

B

Branch if Indicator On
B
iii d
In the Branch If Indicator On instruction the d-character specifies the
indicator tested. If the indicator is on the next instruction is taken from the
I-address. If the indicator is off the next sequential instruction is taken ~
I

Indicator
Unequal Compare (B~ A)
Equal Compare
(B=A)
Low Compare
(BA)

d-Character
1

S

r

I

Same

T

Top

U

Upper

HHalt
~
The Halt instruction causes the program to start with the next instruction in
sequence •

•

(5)

ClUJ; 2hl'"

II'}'

SECTION 2
1.41 SYr!lbolic Programm.!P9 System

o

The Symbolic Programming System, SPS I has been developed to facilitate logical,
efficient programming with a minumum of actual coding effort It almos t completely
relieves the programmer of the task of assigning actual storage location to the
instructions and data of the program and allows hirn to refer to them by eas y-toremember names of his choice.
0

Ins tructions
Instructions written in SPS contain a Label, an operation code, an A-Operand, a
B-operand I and a d-character. Any 0 f the parts except the operation code may be
left blank.
The Label is the symbolic representation of the location in memory that the instruction will be stored. It may have from one to six alphameric characters I the first
of which must be alphabetic and must be placed in column 8 of the coding sheet.
The Label may be left blank if no reference is made to the instruction in the rest
of the program.
Tpe Operation Code may be either Mnemonic or the Machine-language code
Mnemonic c odes are used from one to three characters starting in column 14.
If the machine-language code is used I it must be placed in column 16.
0

o

If the instruction requires an A-Operand it is written in column 17 through 26. If
no A-Operand is used, those columns may be left blank. The addres s of an operand
may be expressed symbolically or actually. If it is written symbolically I it takes
the same form as a Label. If it is written as an actual location I it must be a
four-digit number with leading zeros where necessary. Although four digits are
written on the coding sheet, only three characters will be used in memory.
Adjusted Address
The address of an operand may be adjusted by placing the number of characters of
adjustn1ent in columns 24 through 26 and the sign of the adjustment must be in
column 23. Leading zeros may be omittedbut the units digit of the adjustment must
be in column 26.
The indexing character (column 27) is not used with the 141.
If the instruction requires a B-Operand I its address is written in the same manner
as the A-Operand. When an instruction requires a d-character I the actual machine
code is placed in column 39.
DGVf - Define Constant with Word lVlark

•

The symbolic operation code DeW causes a constant to be loaded into the area
specified and sets a word mark in the high-order position of the field. The nu mber
of characters in the constant field is placed in the Count portion of the coding
sheet (columns 6 and 7). The symbolic label by which the constant is referred is
placed in columns 8-130 The code DCW is placed in columns 14-16. Columns
1/-20 must contain the actual location of the units position of the field, or an
asterisk must be placed in column 17 to indicate the SPS program is to choose the
location of the field. The constant itself begins in column 24 and may extend
through column 55, a maximum of 32 characters. If the constant is to be signed
numeric constant, the sign may be placed in column 23.
(6)

i:aJJ.4kiU'

End

o

The special symbols END placed in columns 14-15 of the coding sheet signifies to
the SPS program that it is the last line of the program. In the A-operand field of
this line must be placed either the symbolic or actual address of the first executable
instruction of the program. The additional purpose of the END card is to provide a
branch to the beginning of the object program at the end of the loading
0

SECTION 3
Exercises
Exercise 1
Write a program that will reproduce a card I that is I will read a card and punch a
card identical to the one read.
Exercise 2
Write a program that will read a card and punch a card with the information from
columns 1-40 of the card read in columns 41-80 of the card punched and the information from columns 41-80 of the card read in columns 1-40 of the card punched.
Exercise 3
Write a program that will reproduce an entire deck of cards •

o

Exercise 4
Write a program that will read one card and will punch copy after copy of it until
the machine is stopped by the operator.
Exercise 5
Write a program that v.Jill print a directory of telephone extensions from a deck of
personnel cards. The cards and directory forms are as follows:
Card

1 - 18

19
20
21 - 60
61 - 64
65 - 80

Print Pas itions

Field

Column~

Name
First Initial
Second Initial
Not used in this program
Telephone Extens ion
Not us ed in this program

1 - 18
20
22
28 - 31

Exercise 6
Write a program that will read cards containing numeric fields A, B I and C and will
punch corresponding cards that contain fields A, BI C I and D I where D = A + B - C.
The card columns are as follows:

•

Field
A
B

C
D

Card
Input and Output
Input and Output
Input and Output
Output only

Card Columns
1 - 6
7 - 11
12 - 14
75 - 80

As s ume that no overflows will occur.

(7)

Exercise 7

o

Write a program that will check the sequence of employee numbers found in columns
75 - 80 of a deck of cards. The program sbould stop the machine if it finds any
employee number that is not larger than the one in the previous card.
Exercise 8
Write a program that will punch consecutive numbers 001 through 015 in columns
78 -80 of the first 15 blank cards in the punch hopper and stop automatically before
punching a sixteenth card.
Exercise 9
Write a program that will calculate and punch D I where D = A + B - C. Provide for
decimal alignment, rounding (half-adjustment), and overflow. The card columns and
decimal form of each field is as follows:
Input Card
A
B

C

Col. 5-8
9-12
13-14

Output Card
Col. 7-10

D

xxxx.

Exercise 10

o

Write a program that will up-date a custorner's charge account after a new purchase
has been recorded. A new balance card is to be punched and a listing of each
cus tomer's name I new balance, and limit is to be printed. If the new balance
exceeds the customer's limit the words OVER LIMIT are also to be printed on his
entry
The card columns and print positions are as follows:
0

Input Card

field
Name
Balance
Charge
Limit
OVER LIMIT

1-20
21-30
31-40
71-80

Output Card

Lis ti1J.5L

1-20
21-30

11-30
35-44

71-80

49-58
63-72

SECTION 6
141 Simulator Operating Procedures
Adjus t the Typewriter
a) Set left margin at 10
b) Set right margin at 94
c) Set a tab stop at 65 (clearing any other tab)

•

Set Console Switches
a)
b)
c}
d)

Set parity switch to STOP
Set I/O switch to STOP
Set O'Flow switch to PROGRAM
Program s'CNitches #1 and #'2 will normally be OFF. Uses of these switches
will be explained later. Program Switches #3 and 4t:4 are not used.
(8)
a I.!

Load Simulator

o

a) Place 141 Simulator deck in the hopper in the 9 -edge face-down pos ition.
b) With the machine in 1Y1anual pres s the Load button 1 •
c) When the simulator is loaded the typewriter will automatically begin typing.
It may be necessary to press the Reader Start button to enter the last two
cards.
Select the Des ired Function
a) The typewriter will type a list of the five functions that the simulator
will perform and the five request words that will initiate these functions.
FUNCTIONS PERFORIv'IED

REQUEST BY TYPING

LOAD PROGRAM FROM CARD READER
LOAD
CLEAR 141 MElVI0RY
CLEAR
ALTER MEMORY FROM TYPEWRITER
ALTER
DUMP CONTENTS OF 141 MEMORY
DUMP
BEGIN EXECUTION OF PROGRAM
EXECUTE
b) The typewriter will type the words REQUESTED FUNCTION IS and then stop.
c) The operator then types the word LOAD, CLEAR, ALTER, DUMP or EXECUTE
and presses the RELEASE and START buttons on the console or the RS key
on the typewriter.
d) If a function runs to completion the simulator will automatically request
the next function. If the function is interrupted by pressing INSTANT STOP
the operator may return to the request statement by pressing, in order I the
RESET, INSERT I RELEASE, and START buttons on the console.

o

The LOAD function
Programs that have been assembled by SPS can be loaded with this function.
a) Place the SPS object deck, including the two clear storage cards and the
bootstrap card, in the hopper.
b) Type the request word LOAD and pressthe RELEASE and START buttons.
c) Press READER START, if necessary.
d) When the program is loaded the typewriter will type PROGRAM LOADED.
PUSH START TO EXECUTE.
e) Press the START button on the console to begin eicecution of the program.
The CLEAR function
The 141 memory can be cleared (set to blankS) with this function.
a) Type! the reques t word CLEAR.
b) Press the RELEASE and START buttons
c) When the clearing operation is completed the typewriter will request the
next function.

1. Clearing the 1620 memory before loading is unnecessary I since a clear routine
is built into the simulator deck •

•

(9)

The ALTER function

o

Instruction and data I including word marks I in the 141 memory can be altered
with this function. This may be us ed for debugging a program or entering
complete small demonstration programs directly in machine language.
a)
b)
c)
d}

Type the request word ALTER.
Pross the RELEASE and START buttons.
The typeV'lriter will type BEGINNING AT.
Type the three digit 141 location at which the alteration is desired (such
as 333).
e) The typewriter will repeat this location to verify it.
f) Type the instructions and data in machine language I disregarding word
marks. 2
g) At any convenient place I at least one character before the end of the
typewriter line I cease typing and press the RELEASE and START buttons.
h) The typewriter carriage will return for a second line. This line will
indicate the presence or absence of word marks. If the character above
requires a word mark type a I, if it should not have a word mark hit the
s pace bar. Continue to type 11 sand s paces until the carriage has moved
acros s the entire line above In the first character after the line type
a record mark (: I then press the RELEASE and START buttons.
i) The typewriter will now type the address of the next memory location to be
altered if the proces s (f thru i) is continued.
j} Vvhen altering is completed press I in order I the RESET I INSERT, RELEASE
and START buttons. The EXECUTE function can be used to start the program.
0

SECTION 7

o

141 - BPS Assembler Operating Procedures_
Adj us t the typewriter
a) Set left margin at 10
b) Set right margin at 94
Set Console Switches
a) Set parity switch to STOP
b) Set I/O switch to STOP
c) Set O'Flow switch to Program
d) Program Switch =lt2 will normally be off. Program switches 1,3 , and 4 are
not used.
Assemble SPS Programs
a) Place the 141 - SPS ASSEMBLER deck in the reader hopper in the 9-edge
face down pos ition.
b) Place the SPS source program decks in the reader hopper. Any number of
programs may be "stacked" for assembly. The last card of each deck must
be an END statement.
3
c) With the machine in MANUAL press the LOAD button •
d) Press the PUNCH START button.
e} It will be necessary to press the READER START button to enter the last
two cards of the last deck.

•

2. This is the only instance where the operator will have to use the typewriter shift
key. For all other ent ires the typewriter will automatically be in the proper
alphabetic or numeric shift.
3. Clearin9 the 1620 memory before loading is unnecessary I since a clear routine
is built into the assembler deck.
(10)

----~--

.

o

IBM

PRINTED IN U,S,A

CODING SHEET

by

Date _ _ __

2

COUNT
5 6

I 10

LABEL

OPERATION

7 8
1

Identifi cation

L - i . , _ , ___ -"-. _..L...--i

76

(A) OPERAND
LINE

Page No. l_---L_.J ot
i

Programmed

0

. , fORM X24-1152-J

IBM 1401 SYMBOLIC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM

Program

3

o

<)
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

13 14
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CHAR.
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6402250MSP

o

Use of Program Switch 4t2
If Program Switch 4t2 is turned ON the typing of the program listing will be
eliminated. A program listing can be obtained by listing the object deck on
the IBM 407. This alternative will greatly reduce the assembly time.
SECTION 8
Listing Panel for IBM 407
An IBM 407 Accounting Machine control panel for use with the 141 is diagrammed on
the following pages. Three separate functions have been wired into the board the
choice of which is under the control of Alteration Switches #1 and #3 I as follows:
I

TRANSFERRED ALTERATION
SWITCHES

FUNCTION

1

80 - 80 List
DUMP List
SPS Post List

1, 3
None

In each case I single spacing occurs with Alteration Switch 4:F2 normal and double
spacing occurs with it transferred.
The 80-80 list option is useful for printing the results of 141 programs that have
been punched on cards. Since the punch is very much faster than the simulated
printer, teachers with large classes of students will wish them to use punched
card output in pref erence to printer output whenever possible.
The DUMP list option is designed to list the cards that result from dumping the 141
memory with Program Switch #1 on. This is another way of increasing the efficiency
of operations

o

0

The SPS list option will list the output cards from an SPS assembly. Both the highorder and low-order addres ses of each instruction are printed. The clear and bootstrap cards may be left on the deck but they will not print.
If more than one SPS program is to be listed the END card will cause a skip to channel
1 between programs.
The required 407 machine configuration is:
Ten pilot selectors
Eight co-selectors
One digit selector

•
Ii iij

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(II)

tnT!!·

IBM CARD CODING

o

The IBM card provides 80 vertical columns with twelve punching positions in each
column. One or more punches in a single colun1n represents a character. A group
of columns used for the characters that make up a quantity I or a name, is called a
field and is often indicated on the card by printed vertical lines.
The standard IBM card code, often referred to as the Hollerith code I uses the twelve
possible punching positions of a vertical column on the card to represent a numeric I
alphabetic or special character. The twelve punching positions are divided into
two groups: digits and zones. The first ten punching positions from the bottom
edge of the card are the digit punching positions and have assigned numeric values
of 9, 8, 7 I 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0, respectively. The first three punching positions
from the top of the card are the zone punching positions and have zone values of
12, 11 and 0, res pectively. The 0 position is considered to be both a digit and a
zone pos itlon
0

The numeric characters 0 through 9 are represented by a single punch in a column.
For exam.pIe, 5 is represented by a single punch in the 5 position of the column.
Alphabetic characters are represented by two punches in a single column: one digit
punch and one zone punch. The alphabetic characters A through I us e the 12 zone
punch and a digit punch 1 through 9 respectively; J through R use the 11 zone punch
and a digit punch 1 through 9 respectively; and S through Z use the 0 zone punch and
a digit punch 2 through 9 res pectively •
Special characters are represented by one two I or three punches in a single column
in combinations that are not used for either numeric or alphabetic characters.
I

o

For example: '26May' would be represented as follows:

12
11

IJ

ZONES

11

fJ

0

o

1

2
3
4

DIGITS

5
6

7
8
9

i
!

'

a
ay

•

The 12 and 11 zone punches when used by themselves have several different meanings depending upon their usage in the specific problem. They may represent an
and sign (&) and a hyphen (-) I respectively I when used in an alphabetic field.
They may also represent a plus (+) sign and a minus (-), respectively, when used
as the algebraic sign of a numeric field. In this case they are usually punched in
the same column as the units position digit. Still another use of these punches
especially the 11 punch, is that of a control punch to signify that a particular card
is an exception of some kind. When used this way the 11 punch is usually referred
to as an X punch and is placed in some pre-assigned column.
I

(12)

The following is a table of the IBlvr card code for numeric and alphabetic characters.
ZONE

0

0
D

I
G
I
T

1
2

3
4
5
6
7

8
9

•

No

12

11

0
1
2

A

J

3
4

B
C
D

5

E

6

F
G
H
I

7

8
9

a

K

S

L
M

T

N
0
P
Q
R

U
V
W
X

y
Z

Number Systems
Almost all components used in building a dltital computer are best used as bi-state
elements~ that is I devices that have two and only two distinct conditions. Examples
of this are: a switch that is either open or closed, a light that is either on or off I a
punch position in an IB1vl card that is either punched or not, a vacuum tube that is
conducting or cut off, a relay that is transferred or normal, and a magnetic core that
has polarity of N -S or S - N The us e of bi -s tate elements encourages the us e of a
number system that has on Iy two digits instead of the usual ten. These digits would
be 0, usually corresponding to the off status of an element, and 1, corresponding to
its on status. Such a number systerDIs known as the binary s¥stern. It is probably
easiest to understand a new number system by comparing it to the familiar decimal
system.
0

o

I

There are three essential parts to any system. The first is the base of the system.
In the decimal system the base is 10; in the binary system it is 2. The second
essential part is a set of symbols or digits. In base 10 these digits are 0 I 1, 2, 3,
4,5,6,7 ,8, and 9. In base 2 these symbols, often called bits (a contraction of
binary and digits) are 0 and 1. Note that the number of digits in a system is equal
to the base numb er and ranges from 9 ·to one less than the base number. The third
essential part is place value. That is I the value of any digit depends upon it-s-position \l'lithin the number. Starting at the decimal point (or binary point) and
proceeding to the left I the place values are always 1 t the base, the base squared,
the base cubed, etc. In base ten the place values are 1, 10, 100 I 1000 I etc. In
base two they are ;l, 2, 4, 8, etc.

•

The meaning of a number comes from combining these essential parts of its number
system. Therefore, the number 5280 in the decimal system means
5280 ,:;: 5 X 1000' + 2 X 100 + 8 X 10 + 0 X 1
while the number 1101 in the binary system means
1101 2 = 1 X 8 + 1 X 4 + 0 X 2 + 1 X 1
or decimally 13. In the binary system I this reduces to the simple rule that tithe
value of a binary number is equal to the sum of the place values containing l's
In the above case 11012 = 8 + 4 + 1 = 13
II •

•

(13)

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The decimal equivalent of the first 17 binary integers is as follows:

()

Decimal
0
1
2

0

4
5
6

1
10
11
100
101
110

7

III

3

Decimal
-a-

Bln~

9

10
11
12

13
14
15
16

!,.,

,.

Binary
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
10000

RESTR1CTIONS

The following restrictions pertain to the 141 Simulator program
1. The twelve executable instructions are: SW, CVV I MCW', R, P, W, A, S, C, B,
Bi I and H. The Branch if Indicator On instruction includes four d-modifiers: /,

8, T, U.

2. One thousand positions of 141 memory are available I with addresses ranging
from 000 to 999.
3., All instructions must be followed by a word mark.

o

4. No overflow arithmetic is provided. Carries out of the high-order of the B-field
will be lost. They will not become zone bits.
5. In arithmetic operations zones are stripped from all B-field characters including
the high-order character.
The following restrictions pertain to the 141 Assembly program.
1. Only the above-mentioned twelve operation codes and four d-modifiers can be
assembled.
2. The DCW is the only declarative operation and END is the only processor
operation recognized by the assembly program. All programs will automatically
begin at location 333.

f

3. The maximurn number of cards in any 141 8PS program is 100. Images of these
are held in memory to reduce the amount of card handling and to permit stacking
of programs •

&

•

(14)

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..

Problem #1
Calculate and punch C where C = A + B
A, Band C are a 11 5 column fields

Input
Card
A

Output
Card

B

w

/
A

B

C
-

o
Input Cards 3
Output cards 3
Problem No. 2
Calculate and punch D where D
A is a 5 column field
B is a 5
II
II
C is a 6
n
..

Input
Card

,

A

=A + B -

B

C

C
;t

/

•

Output

Card

-

-

I

A

C

B

D
&

(15)

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Problem

mo.

3

Calculate and punch E where, E=A+B+C-D

t

Input:

Column 4-8

9-12
13-14
15-17
Output:

Column 4-8

A

xx. xxx

B
C
D

x.xxx

A
B

9-12
13-14
15-17
21-24

C
D
E

x.x
• xxx

.

xx. xxx
x.xxx

x.x

• xxx

xx.xx

Note: The program must be written so that E is rounded off to two decimal places.
Input cards •••• 5
Output cards ••• 5
Problem No. 4
A program is to be written that will up-date a customer's balance, and compare it
to his credit limit. 1-6
8-14 16-21
55-80
?'
Input
Card
Order
Customer
Old
Limit
Name
Bal.
Amt.

~edit

o

If the sum of the old balance card and the order amount are equal to or less than
the credit limit, an up-dated card is to be punched as follows:

(credit
Limit

55-80

8-14

1-6
Output
Card

J

custome)
Name

New
Bal.

I
t

I

If the s urn of the old balance and the order amount exceed the credit limit, a
printed output for the credit manager follows. He I in turn, will send a letter to
the cus tomer •

Printed
Output

•

1-15

17-41

45-50

52-58
I

Send
Letter to

Credit
Limit

Customer
Narne

!

New

Bal.

Input cards ••••••• 10
Output cards •••••• 10
Printed output ••••• 2 lines
(16)
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