195411

Computers

in

Great

Britain

•

..

Stanley

Gill

Analog

Computers

and

their

Application

to

Heat

Transfer

and

Fluid

Flow

-

Part

I ·

•.

John

E.

Nolan

All-Transistor

Computer

·

..

Neil

Macdonald

Roster

of

Organizations

in

the

Field

of

Computers

and

Automation

(cumulative)

Automatic

Computing

Machinery

-

List

of

Types

sensitive,

rugged,

compact!

Automatic

Electric

PTW

Relay

helpful

technical

data

Make ancl8reak-75%

total

"make"

on

both

contacts

at

60

cycles

per

second

with

.006"

contact

gap

and

23

milliamperes

of

sine

wave

ac.

Simple,

easy

re·adjustment

can

be

made

in

the

field.

Winclings-Fourwindings:

two

line·windings,

each

139

ohms

resistance

and

only

.5

htmry

inductance;

other

two

windings,

each

101

ohms

and

.125

henry.

The

number

of

coil

turns

to

be

placed

in

series

aiding

can

vary

from

1400

to

8400.

Cover-Snap-on

cover

easily

removed

for

inspection

and

adjustment

of

relay.

Mounting-Jack

mountings,

available

for

flush

or

surface

mounting.

Size-2~"

wide,2W'

deep

and

21~"

high

(plus

W'

projection

of

banana

plugs).

For

more

detailed

information,

ask

for

Circular

1821.

Here's

a

new

polar

relay

that

will

soon

be

setting

records

for

long

service life! I

~s

sensitivity

gives

peak

performance

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repeating,

or

for

applications

where

low

current

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transmitted

over

long

lines_

The

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PTW

Relay

is also

recom-

mended

for

line-current

direction

indication

or

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a

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relay

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type

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control.

Advanced

features

include:

simplified

design

and

long

service

life

New

design

eliminates

many

parts

and

adjustments

formerly

required.

Relay

gives billions

of

operations

without

re-adjustment.

extreme

sensitivity

Unit

operates

on

currents

as

low

as

2

to

12

milliam-

peres,

depending

upon

number

and

combination

of

windings

used. Signals

as

low

as

10

milliwatts

through

the

two

line-windings will

Utrigger'~

the

relay.

reduced

bounce

and

wear

A

new

method

of

armature

support

limits

longitudinal

movement.

There

are

no

bearings

to

wear

. . .

the

usual

rocking

motion

in

contact

make-and-break

is

reduced.

Armature

bounce

is

virtually

eliminated;

contacts

last

longer.

improved

characteristics

in

smaller

size

Because

of

increased

magnetic

efficiency,

the

coils

take

_less

space

and

need

fewer

turns.

The

lower

coil

imped-

-ailce

of

this

compact

unit

gives

improved

character-

istics. '

fast

response

Travel

time

is

as

low

as

.9 milliseconds,

depending

upon

contact

gap

and

windings

used.

send

for

circular

For

a small,

fast,

sensitive

polar

relay

that

out-per-

forms

and

outlasts

all

others,

specify

this

new

Auto-

matic

Electric

Series

PTW

Relay·.

For

details

ask

for

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1821.

Write:

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Electric

Sales

Corpo-

ration', 1033

West

Van

Buren

St.,

Chicago 7, Ill.

In

Canada:

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Electric

(Canada)

Ltd.,

Toronto.

Offices

in

principal

cities.

RELAYS

SWITCHES

PRODUCTS

OF

THE

INOUSTRIAl.

DEPARTMENT

OF

~~

AIJTDMATI[

ELE[TRI[

®

CHICAGO

- - 2 - PROE8STING, TAYLOR

INC.

Automatic

Electric

Ad No.

RE-40

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

CYBERNETICS •

ROBOTS

•

AUTOMATIC

CONTROL

Vol. 3,

No.9

November, 1954

-

ESTABLISHED

SEPTEMBER,

1951

_

ARTICLE

Computers

in

Great

Britain

. ••

Stanley

Gill

PAPER

Analog Computers and

Their

Application

to

Heat

Transfer

and

Fluid

Flow

--

Part

1

...

John

E.

Nolan

REFERENCE

INFORMATION

Roster

of

Organizations

in

the

Field

of

Computers and Automation

(

cumulative)

Auto'matic Computing Machinery

--

List

of

Types

Patents

FORUM

Attractive

Computers

Assembly

Line

Control

by

Punch Cards

All-Transistor

Computer

The

Editor's

Notes

Advertising

Index

Editor:

Ecinund

C.

Berkeley

Assistant

Editors:

Eva Di

Stefano,

Neil

Macdonald,

F.L.

Walker

Contributing

Edi

tors:

Andrew

D.

Booth,

John

W.

Carr,

III,

Alston

S.

Householder,

Fletcher

Pratt

Bill

Oanch

George

W.

Patterson

Neil

Macdonald

Advi

sory

Corrmi

ttee:

Samuel

B.

Willi

runs,

Herbert

F.

Mitchell,

Jr.,

Justin

Oppenheim

Publisher:

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

and

Associates

36 West 11

St.,

New

York

11,

N.Y. ---

Algonquin

4-7675

815

Washington

St.,

Newtonville

60,

Mass.

-

Decatur

2-5453

or

3928

Page

6

20

9

24

26

4

26

28

4

33

Effecti

ve

September

1,

1954,

COMPUTERS

AND

AUlOMATION

is

pub1

ished

man

th1

y,

twel

ve

times

a

year.

Copyright,

1954, by

Edmund

Callis

Berkeley.

Subscription

rates:

$4.50

for

one

year,

$8.50

for

two

years,

in

the

United

States;

$5.00

for

one

year,

$9.50

for

~wo

years,

in

Canada;

$5.50

for

one

year,

$10.50

for

two

years

else-

where.

Adverti

sing

rates:

see

page

36.

Entered

as

second

class

matter

at

the

Post

Office,

New

York, N.Y.

- 3 -

THE EDITOR'S NOTES

Crucial

Knowledge

--

the

Knowledge

that

Something

Exists.

Often

when

one

investigates

a

subject,

the

crucial

knowledge

is

finding

out

that

so

met

h

ing

exists

or

can

be

done. For

instance,

if

you

are

investigating

from

whom

to

buy

an

automatic mven-

tory

machine,

the

crucial

knowledge

is

finding

out

who

offers

such machines

for

sale.

A

man

who

has

never heard

that

the

ABC

Company

offers

automatic

inventory

machines

for

sale

is

hardly

in

a posi

tion

to

consider

buying from them.

To

supply

this

crucial

knowledge

of

existence

in

the

field

of computers

and

automation

we

have pub-

1 ished

various

kinds

of

rosters

and

reference

listsj

there

are

now

ten

kinds.

And

in

this

issue

over

11

pages have been used

to

give a cumulative

Roster

of

about

230

organizations

in

the

field

of

computers

and automation.

Yet

one

reader,

whom

we

shall

call

J.

Moines

since

that

is

not

his

real

name,

has

said

to

us

'~ou

should

not

publish

this

valuable

information

for

so

littlej

you

should

restrict

it,

give

it

only

to

ad-

vertisers

perhaps, keep

it

for

your

own

advantage."

and

implications.

An

article

may

certainly

be

controversial

if

the

subject

is

discussed

reason-

ably.

Ordinarily,

the

length

should

be

1000

to

4000 words,

and

payment

will

be

$10

to

$50

on

publication.

A

suggestion

for

an

article

should

be

submitted

to

us

before

too

much

work

is

done.

Technical

Papers.

Many

of

the

foregoing

require-

ments

for

articles

do

not

necessarily

apply

to

technical

papers.

Undefined

technical

terms, un-

familiar

assumptions, mathematics,

circuit

dia

-

grams,

etc.,

may

be

entirely

appropriate.

Topics

interesting

probably

to

only a

few

people

are

ac-

ceptable.

No

payment

will

be

made

for

papers.

IT

a manuscript

is

borderline,

it

may

be

returned

to

the

author

to

be modified

to

become

definite

1 y

either

an

article

or

a paper.

We

don't

agree with

Mr.

Moines.Our

pur-

*--------------------------- *-----------------------------

pose as a magazine

is

to

be

as

useful

Forum:

ATTRACTIVE

COMPUTERS

as

we

can bej and

we

believe

these

ros-

Bill

Danch, Woodstock,

N.Y.

ters

and

lists

help

the

men

in

the

field?

Wha.t

do

you

think?

Address Changes.

If

your address

chan-

ges,

please

notify

us

giving

both

old

and

new

addresses,

and allow

three

weeks

for

the

change.

Back

Copies. See

the

information

on

page 34.

Manuscripts.

We

are

interested

in

arti-

cles

and

papers.

To

be

considered

for

any

particular

issue,

the

manuscript

should

be

in

our hands

by

the

5th

of

the

preceding month.

Articles.

We

desire

to

publish

articles

that

are

factual,

useful,

understandable,

and

interesting

to

many

kinds

of

people

engaged

in

one

part

or

another

of

the

field

of

computers and automation. In

this

audience

are

many

people

who

have

expert

knowledge of

some

part

of

the

field,

but

who

are

laymen

in

other

parts

of

it.

Consequently a

writer

should

seek

to

explain

his

subject,

and

showi~

context

and

significance.

He

should

de-

fine

unfamiliar

terms,

or

use

them

in

a

way

that

makes

their

meaning unmistaka-

ble.

He

should

identify

unfamiliar

per-

sons with a few words.

He

should use

examples~

details,

comparisons,

analo-

gies,

etc.,

whenever they

may

help

rea-

ders

to

understand a

difficult

point.

He

should give

data

supporting

his

argu-

ment

and

evidence

for

his

assertions.

We

look

particularly

for

articles

that

explore

ideas

in

the

field

of computers

and automation, and

their

applications

"The

sponsor

doesn't

want

you

to

pose with

his

computers.

When

you're

in

the

picture,

it

seems

there's

no

product-identification."

- 4 -

Sylvania Offers

You

•.•

A

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DIODE

LINE

Sylvania

Electric Products Inc.,

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19,

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In

Canada:

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University Tower Building, St.

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P.

Q.

Smaller

Size

•••

Greater

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New

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Actual size

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In

keeping

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in set and circuit designs, Sylvania offers a complete quality

line

of

compact crystal diodes with improved stability.

These new components measure only .125 inches in di-

ameter

...

requite only

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At

the same time, due to advanced manufacturing tech-

niques and Sylvania's new automatic precision equipment,

they provide far higher performance records.

With these tiny diodes, you can be assured

of

more uni-

form characteristics

and

closer tolerance limits . . . even

on

large quantity orders.

This new

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For

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Another

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Sylvania!

LIGHTING

•

RADIO

•

ELECTRONICS

•

TELEVISION

5 -

COMPUTERS,

IN

GREAT

BRITAIN

Stanley

Gill

(After

luncheon

talk

delivered

at

the

meeting

of

the

Association

for

Computing Machinery,

Ann

Arbor, Michigan, June

25th,

1954)

'Eleven

lunches

ago I was

looking

through

the

program

for

this

conference,

and I

saw

that

Gordon Welchman

was

due

to

speak

0 n

the

subject

of,

computers

in

'GreatBri

tain.

I

looked

forward

to

the

opportunity

of

meeting

Gordon

for

the

first

time,

and

of

hearing

the

latest

news from back, home.

When

I

got

back

from 1 unch

there

was a

note

on

my

desk:

''Please

call

John

Carr.

'!' I

called

John

and he

sa

i

d,

"Stan,

I'm

in

a

hole.

Gordon Welchman

can't

come;

can

you

give

his

talk?"

So

it

appears

that,

after

all,

I

am

still

the

bearer

of

the

latest

news from

back

home.

However,itis

now

about

a

year

since

I

left

England,

sothls

talk

must

necessarily

have

a somewhat

histori

cal

bias

•.

The

proper

beginning

for

any

historical

survey

of

automatic

computers

is

Charles

Bab-

bage.

Babbage had a

great

effect

on

the

dev-

elopment

of

the

subject.

However,

there

can

be few

here

who

have

not

heard

a good

deal

a-

bout

Babbage and

his

works;

so

I

will

take

up

the

story

in

more

recent

times.

D.

R.

Hartree

A

dominating

personality

in

the

last

few

years

in

Great

Britain

has

been

Profess

or

D.

R.

Hartree,

who

became

interested

in

computing

while

investigating

the

implications

of

the

'

quantum

theory

in

atomic

structure.

The

lat-

ter

remains

his

chief"

interest,

but

his

concern

with

computing

led

to

the

building

for

Manches-

ter

University,

about

1930,

,of a

mechanical

differential

analyzer

of

the

type

Which

had

just

been

developed

by

Vannevar

Bush

at

Mass.

Inst.

of

Technology.

A

similar

machine

was

later

buil

t

for

the

Uni

vers

i

ty

of

Cambridge, and

in-

stalled

in

the

Mathematical

Laboratory

there

when

it

was opened

just

before

the-

war.

Al

though

Professor

Hartree

introduced

the

differential

analyzer

to

Great

Britain,

he has

always

recognized

the

importance

of

developments

in

the

digital

field.

Shortly

after

the

war

he

moved

to

Cambridge, where he

has

been

closely

associated

with

the

work on

the

Edsac

there.

He

has

willingly

accepted

scores

of

invi

tations

to

speak

on

computing

subjects

i

in

this

way,

nnd

by

virtue

of

his

position

on

severa~

influential

commi

t

tees,

he

has

done a

great

deal

to

promo

te

the

research

and

development

of

computers.

In

1947,

after

visiting

many

computing

centers

in

America and

Europe,

he

enunciated

what

has

come

to

be

known

as

Hartree

's

Law.

This

states

that

the

difference

between

the

date

on which any

given

machine

will

b e c om-

pleted,

and

the

date

of,making

the

observation,

is

a

constant

(Hartree's

Constant).

For a

long

time

there

was

very

little

evidence

to

refute

this;

fortunately

later

work

has

shown

that

Hartree

's

Constant

can

vary,

and

may

eve

n

be-

come

zero.

Professor

Hartree

is

best

des

cri

be

din

the

words

used

by

Dr.

E.

C.

Bullard,

at

the

opening

of

the

computer

conference

at

the

Na-

tional

Physical

Laboratory

in

March,

I

95

3 :

"The

ideal

computing

machine

should

be 1

ike

Professor

Hartree:

sweet

and

reasonable

and

always

willing

to

oblige."

A.

M.

Turing

The

first

plans

for

an

electronic

computer

in

Britain

were

laid

at

the

National

Physical

Laboratory,

on

the

formation

of

the

Mathematics

Division

there

immediately

after

the

war.

This

machine was

the

ACE.

Its

broad

features

were

laid

down

by

Dr.

A.

M.

Turing,

who

was

the

first

leader

of

the

project.

Turing

has

been

another

prominent

personality

in

the

computing

field,

and

has

exhibited

an amazing

variety

of

cap-

abilities.-

In

1936 he

published

a

cIa

s

sic

paper

on a

topic

which was

at

that

time

some-

thing

completely

novel:

he

used

the

concept

of

an

ideal

computing

machine

as

a

tool

in

the

study

of

mathematical

logic.

Such

ideal

mach-

ines

have

come

to

be

known

as

"Turing

machines"

--

we

have

heard

them

mentioned

0 n c e

or

twice

at

this

conference.

More

recently

Turing

has

published

papers

on

conventional

numerical

an-

alysis

(errors

arising

in

the

solution

0 f

si-

mul

taneous

linear

equations),

and

on

the

popula r

philosophical

question,

"Can

machines

think?"

In

the

latter

connection

he

suggested

a

cri-

terion

by which

this

question

might

be

set

tie

d

for

any

given

machine.

He

suggested

that

the

machine be

interviewed

by a human

examiner,who

could

communicate

wi

th

it

only

throug

h s 0 m e

suitable

channel

such

as

a

teleprinter

circuit,

and

who

could

not

see

it.

If

the

machine

can

delude

the

examinermto

thinking

that

he

is

in

fact

communicating

with

a

person,

then,

Turing

says,

the

machine

can

think.

Turing's

criterion

- 6 -

CDMPUTERS,

IN

GRFAT

BRITAIN

would

seem

rather

difficult

to

satisfy,

but

if

ranti

machine

was

installed

at

the

University

we

must have a

definite

criterion,

we

co

u 1 d

of

Manchester

in

1951.

It

is

interesting

to

hardly

find

a

better

one. note

that,

although Williams'

store

has

since

Turing

recently

publ ished a

lengthy

treat-

ise

on

morphology,

the

study of biological fol'lll.

He

made

considerable

use

of

an

electronic

'com-

puter

in

a

theoretical

investigation

0 f t

his

subject.

After

watching with

great

in

teres

t

the

wealth and

variety

of

Turing's

wor

k,

i t

came

as a

great

shock

to

me,

and I

am

sur

e

to

very

many

others,

to

hear

of

his

death

only

two

weeks

ago. There

is

no

doubt

that

he

would

have

continued

to

make

invaluable

contributions

to

the

computing

field

if

he

had

lived.

He

was,

I

believe,

only about

40

years

of age.

Unfortunately

Turing

had

an

intol

e

ran

ce

of

those

not

willing

or

able

to

master

all

the

complications

which

he

took

in

hi~

stride.

Thus

the

ACE

has turned out

to

be

a machine demand-

ing

considerable

skill

of

the

programmer;

but

this

fact

has

permitted

great

speed,

simplicity

and

reliability

of

operation.

Also

Turing's

original

des ign was,

at

the

time, over-ambitiws

in

regard

to

size.

The

present

ACE

follows

closely

a simple

logical

design

laid

dow n

by

Dr. Harry Huskey,

who

spent

the

year

1947 with

ths

proj ec

t.

The

Edsac

The

ACE

is

a mercury-tank machine. I n

construction,

it

was

overtaken

by

another

mer-

-

cury-tank

machine:

the

Edsac,

at

the

Cambridge

University

Mathematical

Laboratory.

Dr.

M.

V.

Wilkes,

who

became

Director

of

that

Laboratory

after

the

war,

visited

the

Moore

School

at

the

University

of

Pennsylvania

in

1946,

and

immed-

iately

began

to

plan

his

own

machine.

The

Edsac

first

worked

in

1949 and has worked,

on

and

off,

ever

since.

It

was

in

fact

the

first

,

stored-program

electronic

machine designed

for

practical

computing

to

be

completed.

Its

phil-

osophy

is

opposite

to

that

of

the

ACE:

it

is

easy

to

program,

but

it

was

not

engineered

f~r

very high speed

or

reliability.

Nevertheless

we

have been

able

to

do

a

great

deal

of

useful

work

with

it,

including

a

considerable

amount

of

basic

research

on

programming methods.

The

Laboratory has

held

summer

courses

in

program-

ming

every

year

since

19500

Other Large Computers

Another

great

center

of

computer research

is

the

University

of

Manchester.

Here

Professor

F-.

C.

Williams went

after

the

war

to

deve

lop

his

cathode ray tube

storage

device.

In 1949

the

first

Manchester computing machine

was

built

to

test

this

store.

The

electrical

fir

m 0 f

Ferranti

rapidly

developed

this

machine

into

a

practical

computing

tool,

and

the

first

Fer-

been used

in

many

places,

the

Manchester

mach-

ines

are

the

only ones

in

which

it

is

used

in

a

serial

fashion.

The

Manchester

climate

appears to have

had

a

subtle

effect

on

programming. Eng

la

nd

is

known

throughout

the

world

for

its

damp

and

dismal weather, and Manchester

is

known

among

Englishmen

for

its

damp

and dismal

we

a t

her.

The

Manchester system

of

coding

was

laid

down

by

Turing,

who

moved

there

as Williams

wa

s

completing

his

experimental machine.

Turing's

love

of

mystery

led

to

the

use

of

the

scale

of

32;

26

of

the

digits

are

represented

by

the

let

ters

of

the

alphabet,

and

the

rema i n i n g

6

by

an

assortment

of

characters

to

be

found on

the

upper

shift

of

most

English

typew r i t e r s,

viz:

@,

ct,

:,

",

~,

and

I.

It

so

hap

pen

s

that

zero

is

represented

by

I,

and

since

zeros

are

not

suppressed,

a page

of

coding

consists

of

a

neat

rectangular

array

of

symbols,

ma

n y

of

which

are

/'s.

This reminds

me

of

nothing

more

than looking out

of

a

window

on

a r a i

ny

day.

The

Ferranti

machine has a most

impres~ve

looking

control

console.

At

the

inaugural

con-

ference

in

1951,

Professor

Williams

pointedout

that

this

makes

it

poss

ible

to

play

the

machine

1

ike

an

organ.

However,

Ferranti

ap paren t 1 y

feared

that

the

sight

of

the

console

mig

h t

frighten

away

prospective

customers. They r

e-

sorted

to

a device which

has,

I

believe,

been

used elsewhere: they included

in

the

pictur

e

of

the

console

an

attractive

young

lad

y t 0

divert

the

attention.

*

They

went even

furt

he r

than

that:

to

illustrate

the

ease

with

wh

ich

the

machine

may

be

operated,

the

young 1 a d y

was

taking

hardly

any

notice

of

the

con_

troIs

at

all;

she

was

busy

knitting.

The

Manchester machines were designed fran

the

start

to

use

two

types

of

storage:

electro-

static,

and magnetic drum.

Apart

from

this,

the

development

of

auxiliary

stores

has

be

e n

somewhat slow

in

Britain.

The

magnetic drum

was

in

fact

pioneered

by

Dr.

A.

D.

Booth

at

the

University

of

London,

but

unfortunately

pe

had

difficulty

in

obtaining

enough

financial

sup-

port

to

develop

it

rapidly.

Recently the

Brit-

ish

Tabulating

Machine

Gbmpany,

which marke

ts

IBM-type punched

card

machines,

--has

put

into

production

a

general

purpose medium-sized

co~

puter

based

on

Booth's

designs,

selling

for

a-

bout

£16,000

($45,000).

The

magnetic d

rum

store

has a

capacity

of

1024 words each

of

32

binary

digits.

These computers

are

described

as well

suited

for

mathematical

work

in

an

in-

dustrial

research

laboratory;

the

Company

i s

developing a computer which

will

be

more

suit-

able

for

commercial

applications.

·see

Bili

Danch's

comment,

page

4

- 7 -

COMPtJTERS

IN

The

ACE

has

recently

been

equipped

wit

h

a

magnetic

drum

auxil

iary

store.

Wo

r k

pro-

ceeded

for

a

time

on a drum

for

the

Edsac,

but

this

was abandoned and

the

Edsacnow

uses

mag-

netic

tape.

Both

the

Edsac

and

the

Ferranti

machine,

though

electronic,

are

somewhat

slow

--

much

slower'than

the

ACE.

Nbne

of

these

machines

has

built-in

div-

ision.

Each

has,

on

the

other

hand,

produced

,

offspring.

The

Edsac

has

given

rise

to

Le

0,

built

for

themselves

by

the

firm

of

J.

Lyons

and Company,

who

are

roughly

the

English

equi-

valent

of

Howard

Johnson's.

In

1947

Lyon

s '

decided

to

acquire

an

electronic

computer

for

payroll

calculations,

factory

analyses,

etc.

Finding

that

no

electrical

firm

was

prep

ared

to

build

one,

they

boldly

decided

to

b u i 1 d

their

own

and modeled

it

on

the

Edsac.

.

The

computer

itself

was

working

in

1951 and

has

been

rented

out

for

scientific

applic

ati

ons;

its

use

for

its

intended

purpose

has

been

de-

layed

pending

the

completion

of

special

input

and

output

equipment.

The

Manchester

machine

has

led

to

a num-

ber

of

Ferranti

machines.

The

second

went

to

the

U!liversi

ty

of

Toronto,

the

third

tot

he

Bri

tish

Ministry

of

Supply

and

the

fou

r

th

to

Ferranti's·

own

computing

bureau

in

Lon

don.

These

are

all

substantially

the

same

as

t

he

first

Ferranti

machine

at

Manchester

Universi~.

The

British

Post

Office

has

built

a mach-

ine

(the

MOSAIC)

for

the

Ministry

of

Suppl

y,

based

on

Turing's

original

plans

for

the

ACE.

Lest

i

tshould'

seem

strange

for

a

post

office

to

be found

building

electronic

computers,let

me

remind you

that

the

British

Post

Office

has

a monopoly

'of

means

of

communication,including

telephones,

and

it

maintains

a

large

telephone

research

laboratory

in

London.

It

was

he

r e

that

the

Mosaic was

built.

A

small

machine

of

the

ACE

type

is

also,

I

believe,

being

devel-

oped

for

production

by

the

English

Elec

t

ric

Company,

who

contracted

for

some

of

the

con-

struction

work on

the

parent

machine.

Smaller

Computers

These,

then,

are

the

leading

fami!

ies

of

Bri

tish

computers.

There

are

a

number

of

small-

er

machines

and

proj

ects

in

existence.

Ell

i-

ott

Brothers,

a

firm

with

a

long

established

reputation

for

navigational

instruments,

has

entered

the

electronic

computing

field

to

spec-

ialize

in

machines

for

naval

applications,usllg

"unitized"

and

"ruggedized"

construction.

One

of

their

most

interesting

developments

has

been

the

magnetostrictive

delay

line.

They

have

shown

that

it

is

poss

ible

to

make a

very

effic-

ient

acoustic

delay

element

using

as

a

soun

d

carrier

a

wire,

several

feet

in

length,

coiled

and mounted

in

a

neat

package

t and

acting

as

its

GREAT

BRITAIN

,

own

magnetostrictive

transducer.

Their

mach-

ine'

"Nicholas"

uses

these

elements

for

the

entire

store;

they

have

also

buil

t a mach

in

e

using

a

magnetic

disc

as

the

main

store,

with

short

delay

elements

for

rapid

access

regis-

.

ters.

There

are

two

interesting

low speed mach-

ines

at,

the

Royal

Aircraft

Establ

ishment

and

Atomic,

Energy

Research

Establishment

respect-

ively.

they

each

use

dekatrons

in

the

arith-

metical

unit.

These

are

c9ld

cathode,

gas

filled

tubes,

each

forming

essentially

o,n

E;

stage

of

a

decimal

counter.

The AEREmachine

has

a

small

store

of

dekatrons

for

numbers

rurl

is

sequenced

directly

by a punched

tape.

The

RAE

machine

is

considerably

bigger

and

faster;

it

has

a

large

main

store

on a

magnetic

drum,

and

is

sequenced

by

instructions

in

this

store.

Furthermore

it

bas

buil

t:...in

floating-p

0 i n t

ari

thmetic,

so

that

for

calculations

w h i c h

require

floating

point

it

is

as

fast

as

many

high-speed

machines.

The

Radar

Research

Establ

ishment

has

bull

t

its

own

machine

using

the

Williams

store

--

tre

first

machine

in

Britain

to

use

this

store

in

a

parallel

fashion.

The

second

such

mac h i n e

has

now

been

built

by

Professor

Williams

him-

self

~t

Manchester,

and

christened

MEG.

Al-

though

MEG

has

a

parallel

electrostatic

store

(soon

to

be

supplemented

by a drum)

it

ha

s a

serial

arithmetic

unit

working

at

a

megacycle

(hence

the

name).

Like

the

RAE

machine,

MEG

,

has

built-in

floating-point

arithmetic,

and

is.

probably

the

first

machine

of

this

speed

tob~

so.

equipped.,

Addition

requires

180

microsec-

onds and

multiplication

360

microseconds,

in-

cl

uding

access.

MEG

resembles

the

ORACLE

a t

Oak

Ridge

in

that

transfers

may

occur

in

uni

ts

of

10

bits,

instructions

comprising

two s

uc

h

units

and numbers

comprising

four

(one

for

the

exponent

and

three

for

the

fraction

part).

Work

is

proceeding

at

Cambridge on a

suc-

cessor

(so

far

unnamed)

to

the

Edsac.

The

new

machine

will

have a

parallel

arithmetical

unit

with

built-in

floating-point

arithmetic.

Stor-

age was

to

have

been

by

mercury

tanks,

used

in

parallel

fashion,

but

the

design

has

now

been

swi

tched

to

magnetic

cores.

Details

0 f

the

arithmetical

unit

have

been

settled

and

som

e

construction

has

begun,

but

the

complete

design

is

still

not

fixed.

Dr.

Wilkes

had

proposed

a

"microprogram"

scheme

in

which

the

operatio

n s

of

the

control

unit

are

defined

by a d i 0 d e

crystal

matrix;

but

with

the

advent

of

magnetic

,cores

tbis

plan

needs

some

reconsideration.

Looking

at

any

of

these

machines,

ona

can

see

in

them a

mixture

of

both

British

and

Amer-

ican

ideas.

There

is

no

doubt

that

our

\\Ork

in

Great

Britain

has

been

stimulated

andinfluenc~

to

a

great

,extent

by

developments

in

Americ

a •

On

the

other

hand

there

are

some

aspects

in

wch

(continued

on

page

30)

- 8 -

Roster

of

Organizations

in

the

Field

of

Computers

and

Automation

(Cumulative,

information

as

of

October 3, 1954)

The

purpose

of

this

Roster

is

to

report

organizations

(all

that

are

known

to

us) making

or

de

velop

i

ng

computing machinery,

or

systems, or

data-handling

equipment,

or

equipment

for

automatic

control

and

materials

handling. In

addition,

so

me organiza-

tions

making components

may

be

incl

u

ded

in

some

issues

of

the

Roster.

Each

Roster

entry

when

it

becomes

complete

contains:

name

of the organiza tion,

its

address and telephone number,

nature

of

its

in-

terest

in

the

field,

kinds

of

activity

it

engages

in,

main products

in

the

field,

approximate

number

of

employees, year

establiShed,

and

a

fewcammen~

and

current

news

items.

When

we

do

not have

com-

plete

information,

we

put

down

what

we

have.

We

seek

to

make

this

Roster

as

useful

and inform-

ative

as

possible,

and plan

to

keep

it

up

to

date

in

each

issue.

We

shall

be

grateful

for

any

more

information,

or

additions

or

corrections

that

any

reader

is

able

to

send

us.

Although

we

have

tried

to

make

the

Roster

complete

and

accurate,

we

assume

no

liability

for

any

state-

ments expressed

or

implied.

This

listing

is

cumulative except

for

omission

of

about a dozen companies making components w h i c h

were

pr~viously

listed

but

have

apparently

0 n 1 y

remote

interes

ts

in

the f

iel

d

of

com

put

e r

sand

automationo

Abbreviations

The.

key

to

the

abbreviations

follows:

Size

Ls Large

size,

over 500 employees

Ms

Medium

size,

50 to 500 employees

Ss

Small

size,

under 50 employees

(n

0

e-"

in

parentheses

is

approx.

no.

of

employees)

When

Established

Le

Long

established

organization

(1922

or

earlier)

Me

Organization

established

a

"medium"

time

ago

(1923

to

1941)

Se

Organization

established

a

short

time

ago

(1942

or

later)

(no.

in

parentheses

is

year

of

establishment)

Interest

in

Computers and Automation

Dc

Digital

computing machinery

Ac

Analog

computing machinery

Ic

Incidental

interests

in

computing

machinery

Sc

Servomechanisms

Cc

Automatic

control

machinery

Mc

Automatic

materials

handling machinery

Activities

Ma

Manufacturing

activity

Sa

Selling

activity

Ra

Research and development

Ca

Consulting

- 9 -

Ga

Government

activity

Pa

Problem-solving

Ba

Buying

activity

(Used

also

in

combinations, as

in

RMSa

"research,

man

ufac

t

ur

i n g

and

selling

activity")

*C

This

organization

has kindly furnished

us

wi

th

information

expressly

for

the

purp

oses

of

the

Roster

and

therefore

our

rep

or

t

is

likely

to

be

more

complete and

accurate

than otherwise

might

be

the

case.

(C

for

Checking)

ROS1ER.

Adalia Limited,

Odeon

Bldg., 20

Carlton

St.

East,

Toronto, Ont., Canada / Empire 4-2361

Research and

consulting

services

in

the

ap-

plicatioQ,

design, and'

construction

of

com-

puters.

Ss

Se(1952)

RCa

Addressograph-Mul

tigraph

Corp., 1200 BabbittRoad,

Cleveland 17,

Ohio

/

Redwood

1-8000 / and

else-

where

*C

Addressograph sensing plates,composed

auto-

matically

from punched tape,

which

will automat-

ically

list

and

total

figures.

Data

written

at

speeds

up

to

"30

forty-character

lines per

second; as a byproduct, codes

automatically

punched

into

punch

cards.

Electronic

fac-

simile

printers

for

high-speed

copying

0 f

typed

data

contained

in

unit

card

records.

Ls(8000) Le(1898) Ic

RMSa

Aircraft-Marine Products,

Inc.,

2100

Pa

x

ton

St.,

Harrisburg, Pa. / Harrisburg 4-0101 /

*C

Patchcord programming systems,

patc

h

cords,

automatic wire

terminators.

Ls(1600)

Me

(1941)

Ic

RMSa

Alden

Electronic

and Impulse Recording Equipment

Co., Alden Research Center, Westboro,

Mas

s.

/

Westboro 467 /

*C

Facsimile recording equipment and

facsimile

components; "On-the-Spot

Fact

Finders",

pulse

records,

automatic curve

plotters.

Recorder

t:\::1t

monitors any machine

or

action

and

re-

cords

automatically.

Ms(450?)

Se

Ic

RMSa

Alden Products

Co·.,

117

No.

Main

St.,

Bro c

kton,

Mass. I Brockton

160

/

*C

General

and

specific

components

for

digital

and analog computing machinery;

plug-in

com-

ponents, sensing

and

indicating

components,

magnetic delay

line

units,

magnetic

storage

cores,

etc.

Ms

(300)

Me

(1930)" Ic

RMSa

Alfax Paper

and

Engineering Co., Alden R

esea

r c h

Center, Westboro, Mass. / Westboro 467 /

*C

Electrosensitive

recording

papers.

Ms

Se

(1942) Ic

RMSa

R. C. Allen

Bus

iness

Machines,

Inc.,

678

Front

Av.,

Grand Rapids

4,

Mich. / Glendale 6-8541 /

*C

Adding

machines, bookkeeping machines,

cash

registers,

etc.

Ls (1250)

Me

(1932)

Dlc

RMSa

American Automatic Typewriter Co.,

614

North Car-

penter

St.,

Chicago 22,

Ill.

*C

Pneumatically

controlled

programming

and

test-

ROSTER'

QF

ORGANIZATIONS

ing devices. Automatic s e 1 e c t i v e

typi

n g

equipment

(Autotypist).

Testing machines

for

typewriters,

adding machines,

calcula

tin

g

machines. .

Ms(lOO)

Le(1868) Ic

RMSa

-

American

MachIne

and

Foundry,

Electronics

Division,

1085

Commonwealth

Ave., Boston,

Mass.

/

Algon-

quin 4-4234 /

*C

Magnetic

shift

registers,

digital

data-handlillJ

equipment; servomechanisms to

specificatmns.

Digital

servo with 2

15

quantum

units per revo-

lution

(shaft

to

digital

conversion).

Ls(9QO)

Se(1948)

Dc

RMSa

Amperite Co.,

Inc.,

561

Broadway,

New

York

12,

N.

Y.

/ Canal 6-1446 /

*C

Delay

relays

and

regulators

for

comp

uters,

etc.

Ms(75)

Me

(1923)

Ic

RMSa

Ampex

Elec

tric

Corp.,

934

Charter

St.,

Red

woo

d

City,

Calif.

/

Emerson

8-1471 /

*C

Magnetic recording

of

data.

Ls(550)

Se(194~

Ic

RMSa

Andersen Laboratories,

Inc.,

39-C

Talco t t R 0 a d,

West

Hartford 10,

Conn.

/

Adams

3-4491 /

*C

Solid

ultrasonic

delay

lines,

computer

memo-

ries,

etc.,

for

computer

applications.

Ss

(30)

Se

(1950)

Ic

RMSa

ANelex

Corp., Concord,

N.

H.,

and

150

Causeway

St.,

Boston 14,

Mass.

/

Richmond

2-3400 /

*C

High-speed

printer

(1800

characters

per

sec-

ond), numerical and alpha-numeric up t,o

64

characters

and

line-lengths

up

to

120

c ha

r-

acters.

Ms

Se(1952)

DIc

RMSa

.

Applied Science Corporation of Princeton, P.O.Box

44, Princeton,

N.

J.

/ Plainsboro 3-4141 /

*C

Radio telemetering

and

automatic data conver-

s

ion.

Devices

for

automatic and· semi

-a

u t

0-

matic reduction

and

analysis

of

telemetering

and

radar

data.

Analog

read-in

and

read-out

devices.

Digital

storage

and

computi

n g

elements.

MADA'l

(Mul

tipurpose

Automatic

Data

Analysis Machine).

Ms(85)

Se(1946)

DAc

RCPMSa

Argonne

National Laboratory,

Box

299,

Lemont,Ill./

Bishop 2-2750,

Lemont

800

/

*C

Production

of

big

electronic

automatic digital

computers

for

use of

Atomic

Energy

Commission

only.

?s

Se

Dc

RMa

(>.

Arma

Corp.,

Old

Country Rd., Garden

City,

L.

I.,

";,'

N.

Y.

/

Garden

City

3-2000 /

*C

Electronic

fire-control

apparatus.

A n a

log

computer components including

resolvers,

in-

duction

generators,

etc.

Basic

weapon

and

control

systems, navigational systems,

pre-

cision

remote

control

systems. Automat i c

machine tool

and

material

handling

systems.

Analog

computer components. Ls(6000)

Le

DASc

RMSPa

Armour

Research Foundation,

Illinois

Inst.

of

Tech-

nology, 10

West

35

St.,

Chicago 16,

Ill.

/

Cal-

umet

5-9600 /

*C

Magnetic recording.

Digital,

analog

and

data-

handling equipment. Automatic

control

mach-

inery.

Servomechanisms.

Inst

rumentation

•

Ls(1200)

Me

(1936)

DASCc

RCPa

The

Arnold Engineering Co.,

Marengo,

Ill.

/ Chic-

ago,

Andover

3-6300 /

*C

Magnetic

materials

for

computer

components,

etc.

Ms(425)

Me

(1936)

Ic

RMSa

Askania Regulator Co.,

240

E. Ontario

St.,

Chicago,

Ill.

/ Whitehall 4-3700 /

*C

Hydraulic

and

electronic

automatic

cont.rol

equipment.

Use

analog computers; manufacture

servomechanisms

and

automatic

con

t r 0 1 s •

Ms

(400)

Me

(1930)

SCc

RMSPa

Atomic

Instrument Co.,

84

Mass. Ave.,

Cambri

d ge

39,

Mass.

/

Eliot

4-4321 /

*C

Analog

to

digital

converters,printers,

count-

er

components

and

controls;

shell

velocity

computation

and

recording;

etc.

Ms(lOO)

Se

(1947)

DACc

RMSCa

Audio

Instrument Co.,

Inc.,

133

West

14

St.,

New

York

11, N.'Y. /

Oregon

5-7820 /

*C

Electronic,

mechanical,

and

optical

a n a

log

computers.

Precision

electronic

instruments.

Time-delay-units from

10

to

10,000

millisec-

onds.

Fire

control equipment,

logarithmic

amplifiers.

Specialized

passive com p

uter

which

corrects

for

film

nonlinearity

in

pho-

tometric work,

etc.

Ss(lO) Se(1949)

DASCc

RMSCa

The

Austin Co., Special Devices Division,

76

9th'

Ave.,

New

York

11,

N.

Y.

/ Watkins 4-3630 /

*C

Systems

and

devices

for

automatic

control

in

commerce

and

industry;

analog,

digital,

data-

handling, servo,

electronic,

electr~hanic~

Shaft

position

indicators

and

systems;

cmnode

ray

indicators

and systems.

Ls(division,l25;

company

25,000)

Le

(division,

1943, company,

1878)

DASCMc

RMSa

Automacite Applique,

10

rue

Saulnier,

Paris

ge,

France

Automatic

control

apparatus.

Cc

RMSa

Automatic

Electric

Co.

1033

West

Van

Bure

n

St.,

. Chicago

7,

Ill.

/

Haymarket

1-4300 /

*C

Automatic

electrical

systems, telepmne equip-

ment,

relays,

stepping switches

,_

etc.,

for

computing machinery

and

communications com-

panies.

Automatic

control

components. Ls

(5700)

Le(1892)

ICc

RMSa

Automatic Signal Division,

Eastern

In

dustrie

s,

Inc.,

Norwalk,

Conn.

Automatic volume-density

traffic

controllers.

Me

Ic

RMSa

Automation Consultants,

Inc.,

1450

Broadway,

New

York

18,

N.

Y.

/ Chickering 4-7800 /

*C

Consul

tants

in

electronic

systems

and

devices,

including automatic information-h

and

1 i n g •

Ss

Se(1953)

Dc

Ca

Automation Engineers Co., Division

of

Associated

Industrial

Consultants,

246

West

State

Street,

Trenton,

N.

J.

/ Trenton 3-2603 /

*C

Consul

tants

in

automatic

control

machinery

and

automatic

materials

handling equipment. Ss

(20)

Me

(1942)

DACMc

Ca

Avion

Instrument Co., Division

of

American Car

and

Foundry

Industries,

Inc.,

299

State

Highway

No.

17, Paramus,

N.

J./

Oradell 8-4100 /

*C

Digital

and analog computing machinery.

Mag-

netic

recorders,

amplifiers,

electronic

chop-

pers,

tes

t equi pment, servomechanisms,

aut

0 -

matic

control

machinery,

etc.

Ms(l60)

Se

(1946)

DASCMc

RMSCPa

Baird Associates,

33

University

Road,

Ca

mbridge

38, Mass. / University 4-0101 /

*C

Spectroscopic

analysis

equipment;

scientific

instruments; analog devices, servo-mechanisms;

transistors.

Instrumentation

for

industrial

control.

Research

in

physical

optics.

Ms'

(200)

Me

(1937)

AlSc

RMSa

Barber-Colman Co., Rockford,

Ill.

*C

-

10

-

Automatic

controls,

textile

machinery,

mach-

ine

tools,

etc.

Barber-Colman-Stib

i t z

digital

computer,

operating.

Ls(3OO0)

Le

Dc

RMSa'

ROSTER

OF

ORGAN!

ZATIONS

Beckman

Division,

Beckman

Instruments,

Inc.,

Ful-

Bradley

Laboratories,

Inc.,

168

Columbus

Avenue,

lerton,

Calif.

/ Lambert 5-8241 /

~:cC

New

Haven,

Conn.

/

Main

4-3123 /

*C

Multi-channel

digital

data-handling

systems; Selenium

rectifier

kits,

high

temperature

200

channel

strain

gage

recorder.

Automatic

rectifiers.

Ms

Me

Ic

RMSa

process

control,

digital

data

handling

and

Bri

tish

Tabulating Machine Co.,

Ltd.,

17 Pa r k

recording.

Ls(1800)

Me

(1934)

DAlc

RMSa

Lane,

London

W.

1,

England /

Hyde

Park 8155, /

See

also

Berkeley Division,

Beckman

Instru-

*C

ments. '

Bell

Telephone

Laboratories,

Murray

Hill,

N.

J.

/

Summi

t 6-6000 /

and

463

West

St.,

New

York

14,

N.

Y.

/ Chelsea 3-1000 /

*C

Automatic

switching.

Bell

general

purpose

computers

(relay

and

electronic,

digital

and

analog)

for

government use

and

company's

own

use.

Ls

Le

Dk

RGPa

Bendix Aviation Corporation, Computer

Divi

s

ion,

5630 Arbor

Vitae

St.,

Los

Angeles 45,

Calif.

/

Oregon 8-2128 /

*C

Electronic

information-processing

machines.

Electronic

computers;

data-processing

equip-

ment; automatic

control

systems;

Dec

i

mal

Digi

tal

Differential

Analyzer; general p u

r-

pose

digital

computers

Model

G-15A

and

G-15D.

Ms(150)

Se(1952,

division;

1929, corporation)

DACc

RMSPa

Bendix Aviation Corp.,

Pacific

Division,

Nor

th

Hollywood,

Calif.

*C

Telemetering systems.

Digital

systems, con-

trols,

and

components. Ls(2500) Le(1915,

company;

1937,

this

division)

Ic

RMSa

Benson-Lehner Corp., 2340

Sawtelle

Blvd.,

West

Los

Angeles 64,

Calif.

/

AR-93723,

BR-21197

/

*C

Automatic

and

semi-automatic devices

(b

0

th

analog

and

digital)

for

computing,

data

an-

alyzing,

data

reduction,

optical

measuring,

guided

missile

analysis,

etc.

Oscillogra

m

trace

readers,

plotters,

etc.

Com

mer

cia

1

applications

of

industrial

control

devices.

Ms(118)

Se(1950)

DAc

RCMSa

Berkeley Division,

Beckman

Instruments, Inc.,2200

Wright Ave., Richmond,

Calif.

/ Landscape

6-7730

EASE

computer

(Electronic

Analog S i m u

lating

Equipment)

for

solving

equations,

simulating

systems,

etc.'

Se

Ac

RMSa

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

and

Associates,

36

West

11

St.,

New

York

11,

N.

Y.

/ Algonquin 4-7675 / and,815

Washington

St.,

Newtonville 60, Mass. / Decatur

2-5453

or

2-3928 /

*C

Logical

design,

applications,

marketing,

etc.,

of

automatic information-handling machinery.

Publisher

of

"Computers and

Automa

t

ion"

•

Small

one-of-a-kind

computers

(Simon)

and

robots (Squee);

more

under

constru

c t

ion.

Courses,

publications.

sse

8)

Se(1948)

Dc

RCMSa

Berkshire

Laboratories,

732

Beaver

Pond

Road,Linc-

oln,

Mass. /

Waltham

5-7000 /

*C

Special computer components.

Ss

Se(1949)

lAc

RMCa

Birkbeck College,

University

of London,

21

Torring-

ton

Sq.,

,London

W.C.

1,

England /

Langham

1912 I

*C

Maker

of

ARC,

APEXC,

and

SEC

digital

computersi

electronic

digital

computers. Ss(lO

to

20)

Se(1946)

Dc

RCPa

Boeing Airplane

Company,

Industrial

Products Div-

ision,

Seattle

14,

Wash.

/

Mohawk

4444

/

*C

Boeing

Electronic

Analog Computer. Associa-

ted

non-linear

equipment. Complete

lin

e

of

auxiliary

equipment,

including

function

gen-

erator

and

electronic

multiplier.

Ls(37,OOO)

Le(1916)

Ac

RMSa

-

11

-

Punched card machines.

Dc

RCPMSa

Ls

(4500)

Le

(1908)

Brush

Electronics

Co.,

3405

~erkins

Ave.,

Cleve-

land 14,

Ohio

(formerly Brush Development Co.)

*C

Recording

analyzers.

Magnetic

tape,

heads,

and drums. Computer components. Ls(1300)

Le(1921) Ic

RMSa

Bull

S.

A.

Compagnie

des Machines,

94

AvenueGam-

betta,

Paris

20e, France /

MEN

8158

/

*C

Punch

card machines. Commercial

electronic

computers and card-programmed

scientificco~

puters.

Producing about 10

electronic

com-

puters

a month; 100

currently

in

operation.

Ls(2500)

Me

(1931)

Dc

RMSa

Bureau of

the

Census, Washington 25,

D.

C.

/

*C

, Tabulation

of

statistical

data

by

s

pe

cia

1

machines designed

and

built

for

own

use,

by

commercial punch-card equipment,

and

by

el-

ectronic

computing system (the Univac).

Ls

(1100

in

Machine Tabulation Division)

Le

(1890

in

punch

card

field)

Dc

Ga

Burlingame

Associates,

103

Lafayette

St.,

New

York

13,

N.

Y.

/ Digby 9-1240 /

*C

Analog computers, servo

analyzers,

se

r v 0 -

control

devices,

digital

voltmeters,

etc.

Ss

(35)

Me

(1928)

Alc

Ca

Burroughs Corporation HUIIaedy BULLouyhs-AdcH-ng·

-Maehfne-€(J."')

6071

Second Ave.,

Detroit,

Mich. /

Triangle

5-2260 /

--...fIeadquartersi-,-,,~Rur<r~oughs

-G&rporat'iun-Research""Center-.(formerl

y."Rese

arch'"

...Ll.ilr.is.ion1...""Paoli,~"Pa"'i<,,,and"·elsewhere

/

*C

Automatic

electronic

digital

computer,

UIEC.

Adding

machines, bookkeeping machines,

~e

t c •

Burroughs Laboratory Computer,

an

eiectronic

digital

test

computer, assembled from

puIs

e

control

units.

Fast

access magnetic

cor

e

memory.

Pulse

control

components, s e r v 0

--

mechanisms,

etc.

This

company

owns

Con

tro1

Instrument

Co.

Ls

(18,000)

Le

(1896)

DScRMSla

California

Computer Products,

3927

West

Jefferson

Blvd.,

Los

Angeles 16,

Calif.

Digital

point

plotter

(CCP

701)

and

other

e-

quipment.

DAc

RMSa

Cambridge Thermionic Corporation,

445

Concord

Av.,

Cambridge 38, Mass. / Trowbridge 6-2800 /

*C

Components

for

computers.

Ms(150)

Me(1940)

Ic

RMSCa

Clary

Multiplier

Corp.,

408

Junipero

St.,

San

Gab-

riel,

Calif.

*C

,

Adding

and

calculating

machines, cash

regis-

ters,

electronic

counters,

analog-d i g

ita

1

converters,

input

and

output equipment

for

computers,

data-reduction

systems. Ls(1500)

Me

(1939)

DAc

RMSa

Coleman

Engineering Co.,

6040

West

Jefferson

Blvd.,

Los

Angeles 16,

Calif.

/

Vermont

9-7549 /

*C

Digital

data

handling systems and components;

"Digi

tizer",

dev

ice

for

converting

rotational

shaft

positions

into

electrical

contact

set-

tings;

etc.

Ms

(l00)

Se

(1951)

Dlc

RMSa

Commercial Controls Corp •• 1 Leighton Ave., Roch-

ester

2,

N.

Y.

/ Culver 5800 /

Mailroom equipment. ''Flexowri

ter"

electri

c

typewriter

with punched paper

tape

con

trol.

Ls

Le

Ic

RMSa

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

Commonwealth

Scientific

and

Industrial

tion,

Radiophysics Division, Sydney,

Wales,

Australia

Orga

niz

a-

plications.

Basic

and

industrial

rese

arc

h

New

Sou

thin

servomechanisms,

air

research,

we

a

the

r

Maker

of

CSIRO

Mark

I

electronic

digital

com-

puter

of

Inst.

for

Advanced

Study

type.

DAc

RCGPa

Computer

Company

of

America, Division

of

Bruno-New

York

Industries

Corp., 149 Church

St.,

New

York

7,

N.

Y.

1

Cortlandt

7-1450 (formerly

Canp.

Corp.

of

America)

*C

Analog computers,

differential

analyzers, spec-

ialized

computers

and

accessories.

Ms(125)

Se

(1942)

DAc

RMSPa

Computer Control Co.,

92

Broad

St.,

Babson

Park 57,

Mass. 1 Wellesley 5-6220 1

and

1429

Pr

0 men ade

Highway,

Santa Monica,

Calif.

1

*C

Computers and computer components, digital data-

handling systems,

solid

delay-line

acou

st

ic

memory,

computer

test

equipment,

dual

beam

conversion

kits,

specialized

systems

and

in-

strumentation.

Operating

and

servicing

Raydac

at

Pt.

Mugu,

Calif.

Ss(35) Se(1952)

Dc

RMSCa

Computer Research Corporation, Hawthorne,

Cal

if.:

Has

become

"The

National

Cash

Register

Co.

,

.

Electronics

Division",

which

see.

Computing Devices

of

Canada, Lim., P.

O.

Box

508,

Ottawa,

Ont.,

Canada 1

Parkway

2-6541 1

*C

Custom-buil t

digital

and

analog

com

put

e r s ,

automatic

navigation

systems,

electronic

lab-

oratory

test

equipment,

simulators,

servomech-

anisms. Research

and

development

in

instru-

mentation, automatic

control,

bus i

nes

sand

scientific

sorting,

systems

analysis.

Ms

(200)

Se

(l948)

DASCc

RCPMSa

Computyper Corp.,

subsidiary

of Friden Calculating

Machine Co.,

Inc.,

San Leandro,

Calif.

See Friden

Calculating

Machine

Co.

Consolidated Engineering Corp.,

300

N.

Sierra

Madre

Villa,

Pasadena

8,

Calif.

1 Sycamore 6-0173

I*C

Digital

and

analog data-handlingandconversion

systems (Sadic,

Millisadic,

etc.).

Automatic

translator

magnetic tape

to

punched

car

d •

Computers

now

manufactured

by

their

affiliate,

Electro

Data Corp., which

see.

Ls

(1400)

Me

(1937)

Dc

RMSa

Control Instrument Co.,

67

35th

St.,

Brooklyn,N.Y.

1

Sterling

8-0658 1

*C

Fire-control

equipment.

1000-line-a-minute

tabulator.

Digital

and

analog machi

ne

sand

components.

Now

a

subsidiary

of

Burr

0 u

ghs

Corporation. Ls(1200)

Me

(1934)

DAc

RMSa

Convair, a Division

of

General DynamicsCorp.,

Gen-

eral

Offices:

San Diego 12,

Calif.

1 Cypress

6-

6611 1

*C

Research

and

development

in

the

missile,

el-

ectronics,

and

airframe

fields.

The

Charactron,

a computer output device

for

"debugging",

tac-

tical

display,

etc.,

converting coded inform-

atioa

into

tabular

or

graphic

alphanumeric

information

on

a cathode ray tube screen. Dig-

i

tal

automatic

control;

analog t 0

dig

ita

1

conversion

units.

Large analog

computer

in-

stallations.

Ls(44,000)

Me(1925)

Ic

DAIcRdSa

Cook

Research

Laboratories,

Division

of

Cook

Elec-

tric

Co.,

2700

Southport Ave., Chicago 11,

III

•

(mail

address),

8100 Monticello Ave., Sko k

ie,

Ill.

(location)

/ Keystone 9-2060 and Orchard 3-

9200 1

*C

Magnetic

data-recording

systems;

digital,

ana-

log,

and

hybrid

information-processing

systems

--

particularly

for

aircraft

and

airborne

ap-

reconnaissance, guided

missiles,

etc.

Ms

(380)

?e

DAlc

RCa

Curta

Calculator

Co.,

3851

West

Madison

St.,

Chi-

cago 24,

Ill.

Eight-ounce, hand-powere.!i, rotary

''brief-case''

calculator;

adds,

subtracts,

multiplies,

di-

vides;

totals

to

15 decimal

places;

made

in

Lichtenstein.

Ss(lO) Se(1952)

Dc

Sa

Daco

Machine

Co.,

Brooklyn, N.

Y.

1 Ulster

5-83501

Computing

controls

for

machine tools.

Cc

RMSa

The

Daven

Company,

191

Central

Ave.,

Newark

4,

N.

J.

1 Mitchell 2-6555 1

*C

Precision

resistors,

rotary

switches

and

at-

tenuators.

Ms(490)

Me

(1929)

Ic

RMSa

Davies

Laboratories,

Inc.,

4705

Queensbury Road,

Riverdale,

Md.

1 Appleton 7-1133 1

*C

Automatic

data-reduction

equipment. Magnetic

tape

data

recorders.·

Ms

(85)

Se

(1946)

Ac

RMSCa

The

de

Florez

Co., 116

East

30

St.,

New

York, N.

Y.

1

Murray

Hill

6-5730 1

Magazine

subscription

fulfillment

probl

em,

etc.

Ss

Se

DAc

RCa

Digital

Control Systems,

Inc.,

Top

of

Mount

Sole-

dad, P.

O.

Box

779,

La

Jolla,

Calif.

1 Glencove

5-6109

1

*C

Design

and

construction

of

laboratory

models

of

many

types

of

digital

computers

and

con-

trol

systems.

Ss

Se(1951)

Dec

RMSa

Digital

Products

Inc.,

7852

Ivanhoe Ave.,

La

Jolla,

Calif.

I

*C

.

Digital

computers, etched

circuitry,

magnetic

heads,

memory

drums.

Ss

Se(1952)

Dlc

RMSa

Doelcam

Corp., 1400

Soldiers

Field

Rd., Boston

35,

Mass. 1 Algonquin 4-5200 1

Servomechanisms,

amplifiers,

etc.

Ls(800?)

Me

SIc

RMSa

Eckert-Mauchly

Di

v.,

Remington Rand,

Inc.,

374 7

Ridge Ave.,

Philadelphia,

Pa. 1 Baldwin

3-73001

and

elsewhere 1

*C

All purpose

electronic

digital

com p u

te

rs.

Univac

Factronic

System. Ls(600) Se(1946)

Dc

RCMa

Also

see

Remington Rand,

Inc.

Thomas

A.

Edison,

Inc.,

Instrument

Division,

22

Lakeside

AvEf-.,

West

Orange, N.

J.

1

Orange

3-

6800 1

*C

Automatic

control

components, time delay relays.

Ms(360

in

division;

4000

in

company)

Le(l888)

Ic

RMSa

~

Electro-Data

Corporation,

717

North

Lake

Ave.,

Pas-

",~

adena 6,

Calif.

1 Sycamore 8-6761,

Ryan

1-8335

1

*C

Automatic

electronic

digital

computers.

El-

ectronic

data-processing

equipment

for

sci-

entific'

industrial

and

commercial

applica-

tions.

Affiliate

of

Consolidated Engineering

Corp., which

see.

Ms(150)

Se(1950)

Dc

RMSPa

Electronic

Associates,

Inc.,

Long

Branch,

N.

J.

1

Long

Branch 6-1100 1

*C

General purpose

precision

analog

computers,

special

purpose analog computers, analog

com-

puter

components,

digi

tal-to-anal

og

converter,

digital

plotting

system

(Dataplotter).

Auto-

matic

control

of

all

machine

tools.

Ms(360)

Se(1945)

DACc

RMSa

Electronic

Computer Div.

of

Underwood

Corp.,

35-

10 36th Ave.,

Long

Island

City

6,

N.

Y.I

Exeter

2-3400

1

*C

-

12

-

Constructing

five

types

of

electronic

digital

computers

(ELECOM-IOO,

-120A, -125, -200,and

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

a

data-handling

computer). Delay

lines,

dec-

ade

delay

lines,

pulse

transformers,magnetic

recording

heads, magnetic drums, D.C.plug-in

amplifiers.

Ms

(200)

Se

(1949)

Dc

RMSa

Electronic

Control Systems,

Inc.,

2138

Westwood

Blvd.,

Los

Angeles 25,

Calif.

I Arizona

7-02441

*C

Special purpose computers

for

military

and

industrial

use;

industrial

process and mach-

ine

control

systems; automatic

test

equipment.

Ss

(20)

Se

(1953)

DASCc

RMCSa

Electronic

Engineering Co., 180

South

Alvarado

St.,

Los

Angeles 57,

Calif.

I Dunkirk 2-7353 I

Analog computing machinery. Analog-Urdigital-

to-analog

converters.

Polar-to-rectangular-

to-polar

converters.

Servomechanisms.

Ms

Se

DAc

RMSa

Elliott

Addressing Machine Co., 143 Al

ban

y

St.,

Cambridge 39, Mass. I Trowbridge 6-2020 I

';'C

Addressing

stencils,

with

selection

controlled

by

punched

holes

in

cardboard margin.

Ls

(1000)

Le

(1900)

Ic

RMSa

Elliott

Bros.

(London)

Ltd.,

Century-Works, Lewis-

ham,

London,

S.E.

13, England, and

Com

put

in

g

Machine

Division,

Elstree

Way,

Borehamw 0 0

d,

Herts.,

England I Tideway 3232,

Elstree

2040

I

*C

Digital

and analog computers; servomechanisms;

components,

instrumentation

and co

nt

r

01

for

process

industries.

Ls(3500) Le(1800)

DASCc

RMSCPa

Engineering Research

Associates,

Div.of

Remington

Rand,

Inc.,

1902

West

Minnehaha Ave.,

St.

Paul,

Minn., and-GlO 10th

St".

Southt-Arl-ingto~

I

Nestor .9601,

St.

Paul I

';'C

Automatic

digital

computers;

ERA

1101, 1102,

1103

electronic

digital

computers; S

pee

d

Tally;

CAA

Flight

Plan Storage Systems;

the

Logistics

Computer. Magnetic storage systems,

including

magnetic heads, magnetic drums,etc.

Shaft

position

indicator

systems,

self

-record-

ing

accelerometers,

analog magnetic recording

systems,

data-handling

equipment, s p e

cia

1

purpose communications equipment, pulse

trans-

formers. Ls(1050) Se(1946)

Dc

RMCPSa

Also

see

Remington Rand,

Inc.

Engineers Northwest,

2835

Nicollet

Ave., Minneap-

olis

8, Minn. I

Re

5541

I

*C

Test-scoring

machines and equipment. Ss(20)

Se(1945)

DAt

RCMa

English

Electric

Co.,

Stafford,

England.

*C

Manufacturers

of

fully

engineered

versions

of

ACE

(see National

Phys

i

cal

Laboratory).

Ls

Le

Dlc

RMSa

Epsco,

Inc.,

126 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass.

I

Kenmore

6-0601 I

Magnetic

shift

registers,

transistors,

delay

lines,

and

other

components

for

computers,

systems, automatic

control,

etc.

Ss(20)

Se

(1954)

Dlc

R~iSCa

E-Z

Sort

Systems,

Ltd.,

45

Second

St.,

San

Francis-

co 5,

Calif.

I

Garfield

1-8005 I

'~

Edge-punched

cards

for

filing

and

sorting

data.

Special

cards

for

correlation

of

facts.

Ms

(267)

Me

(1935)

Ic

RMSa

Fabrica

Addizionatrice

Italiana

S.S.,

Viale

Umbria

36, Milan,

Italy.

Desk

calculators

to

add,

subtract,

multiply,

divide,

print.

Dc

RMSa

Facit,

Inc.,

500

5th

Ave.,

New

York

36,

N.

Y.

(sub-

sidiary),

Stockholm,

Sweden

(headquarters),

and

elsewhere I

*C

Calculators,

adding machines,

typewriters,

etc.

(in 1390 A.D., copper mining).

Ls

(4000)

Le

(1390

A.D.)

Dc

RMSa

Fairbanks

Associates,

248

Greenwich Ave.,

Green-

wich,

Conn.

I Greenwich 8-7155 I

*C

Consul

tants

in

application

and

installati

0 n

of

electronic

systems

in

clerical

met

hod

s

and

procedures;

evaluation

of

proposed s a

v-

ings;

operations

research.

Ss(7) Se(1952)

Dlc

RCPa

Farrand

Optical

Co., Bronx Blvd. and

238

St.,

New

York

70,

N.

Y.

I Fairbanks 4-2200 I

*C

Gunfire

control

apparatus,

rangefinders,

op-

tical

and

electronic

sighting

equipment, auto-

matic

trackers,

infrared

search

and scanning

systems,

analog-digi

tal

converters,

a n a

log

computers,

etc.

Ls(800) Le(1918)

DASCa

RMSCa

Federal Telephone

and

Radio Co., Division

of

Intern

'1

Tel.

and

Tel.,

100 Kingsley Rd.,

Clifton,

N.J,.I

Nutley 2-3600 I

*C

Vacuum

tubes,

selenium

rectifiers,

germanium

diodes,

contact

protectors,

coaxial

cables,

magnetic

amplifiers;

radio

and

telep

ho

n'

e

systems, microwave systems, and

ass

oc

ia

ted

components. Ls(6500) Me(194l)

ISCc

RMSPa

Fel t and

Tarrant

Mfg.

,Co., Cemptometer

Div.,

1735

No.

Paulina

St.,

Chicago 22,

Ill.

I Brunswick

8-

5000 I

*C

Adding-calculating

machines,

key-driven,

el-

ectric

and

non-electric.

Comptometer.

Elec-

tronic

dictating

machines. Ls(1700) Le(1886)

Dc

RMSa

Ferranti

Electric,

Inc.,

30

Rockefeller

Plaza,

New

York

20,

N.

Y.

I

Cir~le

7-0911 I agent

for

Fer-

ranti

Electric

Ltd.,

Moston, England, and

Mount

Dennis, Toronto, Canada.

';'C

Complete

electronic

digital

computers

(Fer-

ranti;

also

called

''Manchester

Un

i ve r

sal

Electronic

Computer"). High-speed ph 0 t

0-

electric

tape

reader,

which can

rea

d up

to

200

characters

per second. Magnetic

drum

and

electrostatic

storage

components,

etc.

Ls

(10,000)

Le

(1896)

Dc

RMSa

Ferroxcube Corporation of America,East'Bridge

St.,

Saugerties,

N.

Y.

I

Saugerties

1000 I

*C

Ferrite

core

materials,

including

pot

cores,

cup

cores,

recording

heads,

and

microminiature

toroids

with square

hysteresis

loop.

Magnadur

permanent magnet

materials.

Ms(150)

Se(1950)

Ic

RMSa

Fischer

and

Porter

Company,

330

Warminster

Roa

d ,

Hatboro, Pa. I Osborne 5-6000 I

*C

Automatic

instrumentation,

including:measure-

ment

of a

variable

at

the

pOint

of

p r oce s

s;

transmission

of

data,

central

collection,

and

display;

data

reduction

systems using a mech-

anical

digital

converter

(Digi-Coder);

tabu-

lated

digital

data

output,

etc.

Automatic

multiple

readout systems,

converters,

comput-

ers.

Ls(850)

Me

(1937)

DACc

RMSa

Ford Instrument Co., Div. of

The

Sperry Corporation,

31-10

Thomson

Ave.,

Long

Island

City

1,

N.

Y.

/

Stillwell

4-9000 I

*C

Gunfire

control

apparatus.

Analog computers

and components, magnetic

amplifiers,

s e r v 0

motors,

differential

and

integrator

elements.

Instruments

for

shipborne

and

airborne

arma-

ment and

navigational

control.

Ls(3800)

Le

(1915)

ASc

RMPCSa

The

Franklin

Institute

Laboratories

for

Research

-13 -

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

and

Development, 20th

St.

&

Benj

amin

Fran k 1

in

Parkway, .

Philadelphia

3,

Pa. / Locust 4-3600/

*C

Fire-control

equipment. Special purpose analog

computers,

large

and

small

scale.

Digi

tal

computer components. Prototype construction.

Ms

(325)

Se

(1946)

Dk

Ra

Friden

Calculating

Machine Co.,

Inc.,

San

Leandro,

Calif.

*C

Desk

calculating

machines. Computyper.

Add-

Punch

machine. Automatic equipment for

punch-

ing codes

in

tape.

Ls(2oo0)

Me(1934)

Dc

RMSa

General Ceramics Corporation, Keasbey,

N.

J.

(near

Perth

Amboy)

/ Valley 6-5100 /

*C

Magnetic cores and

ferrites.for

computer

com-

ponents;

toroidal

ferrite

cores a s

memo

r y

devices

for

computers, as used

in

Whirlwind

(MIT)

computer

new

rapid

memory;

tec

h n i

cal

ceramics,

insulators,

etc.

Ls(500) Le(1906)

Ic

RMSa

General

Controls,

801

Allen Ave., Glendale

1,

Cal-

if.

*C

Automatic

controls

(pressure,

temperature,

level,

flow).

Ls

Cc

RMSa

General Cybernetics

Associates,

P.O.

Box

987,Bev-

erly

Hills,

Calif.

/

Vermont

9-0544 /

*C

Industrial

automation, computers, instrument-

ation,

communication,

industrial

electronics;

linear

displacement

transducers,

digital

oon-

verters,

punch-card-to-tape

devices,

electron-

ic

gages

for

automation

processes,

me

d

ic

a 1

electronics

research

and

development;

etc.

Ss(18) Se(1953)

RMSCa

General

Electric

Co.,

Tube

Department, Schenectady,

N.

Y.

L Schenectady 4-2211,

XI027

/

*C

Electronic

tubes.

Ls

(15,000+)

Le

(1878)

Ic

RMSPa

Gerber

Scientific

Instrument Co., 89 Spruce

St.,

Hartford

1,

Conn.

/

Ch

6-8539 /

*C

Graphical computer "Graphanalogue". Ss

Se

(1946)

Ic

RMSa

G.

M.

Giannini & Co.,

Inc.,

Laboratory

Appa

r

atus

Division,

918

Green

St.,

Pasadena,

Calif.

/ Ry-

an 1-7512 /

*C

Digitizing

analog

devices,

etc.

Ms(lOO)

Se

(1952)

Dk

RMSa

Goodyear

Aircraft

Corp.,

Dept. 931,

Akron

15

, o-

hio

/ Republic 3-6361 /

*C

Goodyear

electronic

differential

analyzer

s,

(GEDA

line

of

analog computing

equipmen

t).

Ls

Me

AI:,

RMSa

HaUer,

Raymond,

and

Brown,

Inc.,

State

College,

Pa. /

Ad

7-7611 /

*C

Electronic

digital

computer

for

solution

of

up

to

1200

simultaneous equations

,_

using

mag-

netic

drum

and

tape.

Research

and

developm~

on

computer components, analog computers,

el-

ectronic

and

electromechanical systems.

En-

gineering

analys

is,

operations

res

ear

c h,

electronic

development.

Ms

(200)

Se

(1947)

Dc

Ra

Hamann

Calculating

Machine Co.,

2118

La n d

Title

Bldg.,

Philadelphia

10, Pa.

Adding,

subtracting,

multiplying

desk

calcu-

lators.

Dc

MSa

Hammarlund

Mfg.

Co.,

Inc.,

460

West

34

St.,

New

York

1,

N.

Y.

/ Longacre 5-1300 /

*C

Remote

supervisory

control

and

industrial

telemetering

equipment. Ls(500) Le(1910)

ICc

RMSa

Harvard

University,

Harvard Computation

Laboratory,

Cambridge 38, Mass.

*C

Harvard

Mark

I,

II,

III,

IV

calculators

fo

r

Navy,

Air Force,

and

own

use.

Ms

Se

Dc

RPMa

Helipot Corporation,

916

Meridian Ave., South

Pas-

adena,

Calif.

/

PY

1-2164 /

*C

Precision

potentiometers,

single-and-mul t i -

turn,

linear

and

non-linear,

turns-count

in

g

dials.

Ls(600) Se(1943) Ic

RMSa

Hillyer

Instrument Co.,

54

Lafayette

St.,

New

York

13,

N.

Y.

/

Digby

9-4485 /

*C

Simulators, servomechanisms, sensing,comput-

ing,

and

actuating

systems. Automatic mach-

ine

controls.

MsCIOO)

Se(1945)

DAICs

RMSa

Hogan

Laboratories,

155

Perry

St.,

New

York

14

~

N.

Y.

/ Chelsea 2-7855 /

Circle

computer, completed

and

under t

est;

manufactured

by

this

company.·

Digital

high-

speed

printers.

Associated

wit

h Nucle a r

Development

Associates.

Ms

(60)

Me

'(1

929)

Dc

RMSa

Hughes

Research

and

Development Lab

or

a

tor

fe

s,

Hughes

Aircraft

Co., Culver

City,

Calif.

/ Tex-

as

0-7111 /

*C

Automatic

data-handling

systems

for

commer-

cial

and

~ilitary

applications.

Industrial

control

systems.

SmaU",

automatic electronic

digi

tal

and analog computers

for

airborne

use.

Fire-control

equipment.

Aircraft

control.

Guided

missiles.

LsC15,000company; 4,000

Res.

and

Devt. Labs, 400 computers)

Me(1937)

Dk

RMSa

Imperial College, Mathematics Dept.,

Computer

Sec-

tion,

Huxley

Bldg.,

Exhibition

Road,

So.

Kensing-

ton,

London, England

Automatic

digital

relay

computer

construc~ed

and

in

operation;

constructing

a second

com-

puter

with neon tube

storage.

Ss

Le(1922)

Dc

RMa

Institut

Blaise

Pascal,

Laboratoire de Calcul

An-

alogique,

Paris,

France:

Combined

with

the

Institut

Blaise

Pascal,Lab-

oratoire

de Calcul Mecanique, which

see.

Institut

Blaise

Pascal,

Laboratoire

de Calcul

Me-

canique, 25,

Avenue

de

la

Division

Le

C 1 e r c ,

Chatillon-sous-Bagneux (Seine), France.

*C

Constructing a

digital

calculator.

Ss(9)

Me

(1939)

Dc

RPa

Institute

for

Advanced

Study,

Princeton,

N.

J.

Big

fast

electronic

digital

calculator,

fo

r

own

use.

Dc'

RPMa

Intelligent

Machines Research Corp.,

1101

Lee

High-

way,

Arlington,

Va.

/ Jackson 5-6400 /

*C

Devices

for

reading

characters

on

paper,etc.

Pattern

interpretation

equipment.

Sensing

mechanisms.

Digital

computer elements.

Ss

(l'l)

Se

(l951)

Dc

RCMSa

International

Business Machines Corp. ,590 Madison

Ave.,

New

York

22,

N.

Y.

/ Plaza

3:-1900

/

an

d

elsewhere.'

*C

Punch

card machines.

Type

650, Magnetic

Drum

Calculator.

IBM

Electronic

Data

Processing

. Machines,

Type

701,

Type

702

and

T y P e

704

(magnetic

tape,

magnetic drum,

electrostatic

storage).

Card

Programmed

C.alculator.

El-

ectronic

calculating

punch

Type

604

and

Type

607. Data

processing

equipment. Automatic

Source Recording Equipment. Ls(42,000) Le

(1911)

Dc

RMSa

International

Rectifier

Corp.,

1521

East Grand

Ave.,

-

14

-

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

El Segundo,

Calif.

/ Oregon 8-6281 /

*C

Manufacturer

of

germanium

diodes,

sele

n i

um

diodes, selenium

photocells,

selenium

recti-

fiers.

Ms

(286)

Se

(1948)

Ic

RMSa

International

Resistance

Co., 403 North Broad St.,

Philadelphia

8,

Pa. / Walnut ,2-2166 /

*C

Fixed

and

variable

resi

tors,

r e c t

if

i e r s ,

chokes. Ls(1500)

Me(1924)

Ic

RMSa

International

Telemeter Corp.,

2000

Stoner

Ave.,

Los

Angeles 25,

Calif.

/ Arizona 8-7751 /

*C

Systems

and

devices

for

clerical

and

control

applications.

High-capacity

rapid-a

c c e s s

ferrite

core memories. High-density photo-

graphic information

storage.

Communi

t y

TV

system equipment; pay-as-you-go

TV.

Ms(2oo)

Se(195l)

Dec

RMSa

International

Telephone

and

Telegraph

Corp.,

67

Broad

St.,

New

York

4,

N.

Y.

/ Bowling Green

9-

3800 /

*C

Equipment

for

automatic

control

of

repetitive

processes,

clerical

or

industrial

work, such

as

inventories.

Fully

automatic

pneumatic

tube system,

by

dialing.

Ls(96,OOO)

Le

DASCMc

RMSCPa

Jacobs Instrument Co., 4718 Bethesda Ave.,

Bet

h-

esda 14,

Md.

*C

High-speed

small,

compact

digital

computers

(Jaincomp

A,

B,

Bl,

B2,

C). Pulse

transfor-

mers, delay

lines,

magnetic

storage

systems.

Input

and

output

devices.

Complete

instru-

ment

systems.

S5

(30?)

Se

(1948)

DASCc

R~&l

Jet

Propulsion Laboratory,

California

Institute

of

Technology,

4800

Oak

Grove Drive, Pasade n a 3,

Calif.

*C

Analog,

digital,

and

data-handling

systems.

Research

and

development

in

jet

propu

1 s ion

and

missile

guidance.

Ls(lOOO;

about 50

on

computers)

Me

(1942)

DAc

RCPa

Kearfott

Co.,

Inc.,

Clifton,

N.

J.

/

Gre

g 0 r y

2-

1000 /

*C

.

ADAC

(Analog-digital-analog-converter:

servoed

and

direct

drive);

etc.

Ls(3000)

Le(191@

ISc

RMSa

Ketay Manufacturing Co., 555 Broadway,

New

York

12,

N.

Y.

/

Digby

9-2717 /

and

elsewhere

*C

Augomatic

control

systems; synchros,

servo-

motors,

resolvers;

magnetic,

electronic,

and

resolver

amplifiers.

Electronic

equipment;

servomechanisms;

gears

and components.

Ls

(2000)

Se(1943)

CISc

RMSa

A.

Kimball Co.,

307

West

Broadway,

New

York

13,N.

Y.

/ Canal 6-2300 /

*C

Machine

for

printing

and

punching

garment

tags

and

specific

type

tickets.

Input mechanisms.

Ms(200)

Le(1876) Ic

RMSPa

The

Kybernetes Corp.,

Division

of

Self-Windi

n g

Clock Co., 1100

Raymond

Blvd.,

Newark

5,

N.

J./

Mitchell

2-0957 /

*C

Devices employing high-speed

television

tech-

niques

for:

making

printed

coded

characters

on

paper with

automatically

translatable

cod-

ing; reading

printed

code

and

translating

it

into

signals;

sorting

media

carrying

printed

codes,

etc.

Systems

for

mUltiplexing,

scan-

ning,

telemetering,

timing,

television,

etc.

Ms(150)

Le(1886,

parent

company)

ICc

RMSCa

Laboratory

for

Electronics,

75

Pitts

St.,

Boston

14,

".

Mass. /

Richmond

2-3200 /

*C

Analog

and

digital

computers,

special

comput-

ers

to

suit

customer requirements, delay lines

(mercury,

quartz),

plug-in

packages

for

com-

puter

applications,

etc.

Ls(700) Se(1946)

Dk

RMSa

Lanston

Monotype

Machine Co.,

B~ett

Adding

Mach-

ine

Div.,

24th & Locust

5ts.,

Phila.

3, Pa. /

Locust 7-4614 /

Adding,

subtracting,

and

printing,

desk

cal-

culators.

Dc

RMSa

Leeds and Northrup,

4901

Stenton

Ave.,

Philade

1-

phia 44, Pa. / Michigan 4-4900 /

*C

Automatic

recorders

and

controls.

Ls(3150)

Le(1899)

Cc

RMSa

L'Electronique

Industrielle,

55 Blvd de 1a Repub-

lique,

Livry-{;argan,

Seine-et-oise,

France

Automatic

electronic

measurement,

counters,

controls.

Cc

RMSa

Librascope,

Inc.,

808

western Ave.,

Glendale,Cal-

if.

/

Ch

5-2677 /

*C

Mechanical and

electrical

computers. Comput-

ing

and

controlling

equipment

for

mil

ita

ry

applications

and

for

banking,

departme

n t

stores,

inventory

and

production

control,

etc.

Airborne

digital

computers. General purpose

computer under

construction.

All phases

of

data-handl

ing.

Ls

(1200;, approximately

350

on

digital

computers)

Me

(1937)

DASc

RMSa

Arthur

D.

Little,

Inc.,

30

Memorial Drive,

Cam-

bridge

42, Mass. /

University

4-9370 /

*C

Analog

digital

converter,

"Automatic

Digital

Recorder of Analog Data"

(ADRAD).

Conversion

and

input

devices.

Ls(800) Le(1886)

Ic

RCa

Log

Abax

S.A.R.L., 146

Avenue

des

Champs

Elysees,

Paris

8,

France / Elysees 61-24 /

*C

Collaborating

with

Institut

Blaise

Pascal

on

computing

devises.

99

register

aut

0

mat

i c

accounting machine.

Ms(400)

Se(1949)

Dc

RMSa

Logistics

Research,

Inc.,

141

So.

Pacific

Ave.,

Re-

,dondo Beach,

Calif.

/ Oregon 8-7108 /

*C

Digital

computers and computing systems (AL-

WAC).

'Data-reduction

and

data-handling

sys-

tems,

input

and

output

equipment;

automatic

graph-plotters;

automatic curve

followers;

large

scale

magnetic memories with

"air-float-

ing

It

magnetic heads,

etc.

Ss

(33)

Se

(1952)

Dlc

RMSa

W.

S.

Macdonald Co.,

Inc.,

33

University

Road,

Cambridge, Mass. / Trowbridge 6-8130 /

*C

Digital

business

and

inventory machines using

magnetic

drum

memory

for

10,000

registers,

etc.

Ss

(12)

Se

(1946)

Dc

RMSa

Marchant

Calculators,

Inc.,

Oakland

8,

Calif.

*C

Automatic

electric

calculators

(de s k

type).

Marchant-Raytheon

Binary-octal

Calc

ul

at

0 r

(desk

type).

Marchant "Miniac"

electronic

digital

computer. Computer components. Data

processing equipment. \LS(2500) Le(19l0)

Dlc

RMSa

Marchant Research,

Inc.,

1475

Powell

St.,

Oakland

8,

Calif.

(subsidiary

of

Marchant

Calculators,

Inc.)

/ Piedmont 5-7453 /

*C

Electronic

digital

computers

(including

Min-

iac).

Magnetic

storage

systems,

ma

g

net

i c

heads,

data

processing

equipment

inc

1 uding

analog-to-digi

tal

converter,

computer

compon-

ents.

Ss(55

this

division)

Se(1950

this

division>

Dc

RMSa

'

Massachusetts

Institute

of

Technology, Digital

Com-

puter

Laboratory,

211

Mass.

Ave.

/

Eliot

4-331V

also

Center

of

Analysis; Cambridge 39, Mass.

''Whirlwind''

electronic

digital

computer.

Ms

(300+)

Se

(1945?)

Dk

RCPa

Mathematisch Centrum,

2e

Boerhaavesstraat

49,

Am-

-

15

-

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS'

sterdam, Netherlands.

*C

Relay computer

in

use;

electronic

com

pute

r

under

construction.

Ms(60)

Se(1946)

Dc

RCPa

The

W.

L.

Maxson

Corp., 460

West

34

St.,

New

York

I,

N.

Y.

I Longacre 5-1900 I and elsewhere

Servomechanisms, analog computers,

and

digi-

tal

computers

for

fire

control,

navigat

ion,

etc.

Automatic

control

machinery. Ls(3000)

Me

(1935)

DASCc

RMSa

Mechanical Handling Systems,

Inc.,

4600

Nancy

Ave.,

Detroit

12, Mich.

Automatic conveyors

for

moving

separate

art-

icles,

large

or

small,

heavy

or

light,

etc.,

in

manufacturing

processes.

Ls

Me

Mc

RMSa

Mellon

Institute

of

Industrial

Research, Multiple

Fellowship

on

Computer Components, Umversity of

Pittsburgh,

Pittsburgh

13, Pa.

*C

Ss

(6)

Se

(1950)

Dc

RCa

Mid-Century

Instrumatic

Corp.,

611

Broadway, New

York

12,

N.

Y.

I Spring 7-4016 I

*C

Analog computers;

six-channel

recorders;

el-

ectronic

function

generators;

e 1

ec

t

ron

i c

multipliers,

etc.

Ss(27) Se(1950)

Ac

RMSa

William

Miller

Instruments,

Inc.,

325

No.

Halstead

Ave., Pasadena 8,

Calif.

Milac analog computer.

Electronic

instruments

for

precision

testing

and

measurement.

Ac

~

Minnesota

Electronics

Corp.,

3101

East

4

St.,

Min-

neapolis,

Minn.

I

*C

Digital

and

analog computers. Magnetic

com-

ponents, magnetic

decision

elements.

Da

t a

reduction

systems,

telemetering.

Ss(35)

Se

(1946)

DAle

RMSa

Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.,

Indu

s

trial

Division,

4580

Wayne

INe.,

Philadelphia

44,

Pa.1

Michigan 4-8300 I

*C

Automatic

controllers.

Brown

Ins

truman t

s.

Servo components used

in

computers. RecordUg-

and

indicating

instruments

and

control

equip-

ment,

etc.

Amplifiers,

converters,

bruancing

motors,

potentiometers,

etc.

Ls(3500)

Le

(1859)

RMSa

Monrobot Corp., Morris

Plains,

N.

J.

I Morristown

4-7200

I

*C

Monrobot automatic

electronic

digital

comput-

ers.

Subsidiary of

Monroe

Calculating

Mach-

ine

Co.

Ss(32) Se(1952)

Dc

RMSa

Monroe

Calculating

Machine

Company,

Orange,

N.

J.I

Orange 3-6600 I

and

elsewhere.

*C

-

Desk

calculating

machinery

for

adding,

cal-

culating,

and

bookkeeping., See

also

Monrobot

Corp. Ls(4000) Le(19l2)

Dc

RMSa

Moore

School

of

Electrical

Engineering,

Univ.

of

Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia,

Pa. I Evergreen

6-

0100,

X9811

*C

Place where Eniac

and

Edvac

electronic

digital

computers were

constructed.

Analog

and

dig-

ital

equipment;

simulators.

Ms(80)

Me

(1923)

DAc

RCPa

F.

L.

Moseley Co.,

409

North

Fair

Oaks, Pasadena,

Calif.

I

Ryan

1-8998 I

*C

"Autograf"

X-Y

Recorder,

point

plotter,

curve

follower,

etc.

Ss(30)

Se(l95l)

Ic

RMSa

Mountain Systems,

Inc.,

94

Lake

St.,

White Plains,

N.

Y.

I White

Plains

9-0714 I

Data processing systems

and

digital

computer

systems.

Ss

Se

Dc

RMSCa

National Bureau of Standards, Applied Mathematics

Division,

Washington 25,

D.

C.

I

Em

2-4040 I

*C

(D

Numerical Analysis

Section:

Ss

(10)

Se

(1954)

Dc

RGa

-

16

-

(2)

Computation Laboratory:

SEAC

(Bureau of

Standards

Eastern

Automatic Computer)

'.

Ms(50)

Me

(1938)

Dc

CPGa

(3)

Statistical

Engineering Laboratory:

Ss

(20)

Se(1946)

Dc

RCPGa

(4)

Mathematical Physics

Section:

Ss(lO)

Se

(1954)

Dc

CPGa

National Bureau

of

Standards,

Electronics

Divisio~

Electronic

Computers Laboratory, Washington 25,

D.

C.

*C

Digital

computers,

data

processing

sy

stems,

input-output

devices.

Storage

elemen~,tran

sistors,

diodes, delay

lines,

etc.

Have

de-

signed

and

assembled Seac

and

Dyseac electron-

ic

digital

computers,

etc.

Ms(llO)

Se

(1946)

Dc

RCMBGa

The

National

Cash

Register

Co., Electronics

Divis-

ion,

3348

West

El Segundo

Blvd.,

Hawth 0 r n e ,

Calif.

I Osborne 5-1171 I

*C

Digital

computers,

data

processing

machines,

decimal

digital

differential

analyzers,

com-

puter

components,

input-output

devices,

com-

puting

systems.

CRC

102-A

and

102-0 general

purpose computers

and

other

computers.

Ms

(350)

Se

(1950)

Dc

RCMSa

National Co.,

Inc.,

61

Sherman

St.,

Malden, MassJ

Malden 2-7954 I

Communications

receivers;

some

computing

e-

quipment. Ls(700) Ic

RMSa

National Physical Laboratory, Control Mechanisms

and

Electronics

Division,

Teddington, Midllesex,

England.

*C

Digital

computers,

electronic

simulators,data

recording.

Designer

and

builder

of

the

Pi!

ot

Model

of

ACE

(Automatic Computing

Eng

i n

e)

•

Collaborates

with English

Electric

Co.

Ls

(1000;

this

division,

40)

Le(1900)

Dlc

RCPMa

Northrop

Aircraft

Co., Hawthorne,

Calif.

*C

Computing

center;

develops,

maintains,

oper-

ates

own

computing equipment.

Digital

plot-

ter.

Data

reduction

and

analysis.

Develop-

ment

of

computing systems

on

order.

Ms(70

this

project)

Se

(1950

this

project)

DAc

RCPa

Notifier

Manufacturing Co.,

239

South

11

St.,Linc-

oln

8,

Nebraska I Lincoln 5-2946 I

*C

Automatic

control

machinery

for

fire

alarms.

Automatic

control

circuits,

computer

circu-

its,

switching

circuits.

Memory

and

pul

se

storing

devices,

transistor

devices.

Ss(35)

Se(l949) Clc

RMSCa

Nuclear Development

Associates,

80

Gra

n d

St~,

White

Plains,

N.

Y.

I

White

Plains

8-5800 I

*C

Circle

Computer design

and

sales;

s

pe

cia

1

purpose

data-handling

systems,

and

sys

t e m

design.

Associated with

Hogan

Laboratories.

Ms(lOO)

Se(1948)

Dlc

RMSa

Olivetti

Corp. of America, 580

Fifth

Ave.,

Ne

w

York

36,

N.

Y.

/ Judson 2-0637 I and

In

g.

C.

Olivetti

&

C.,

S.P.A.,

Ivrea,

Italy.

*C

Desk

adding,

calculating,

and

printing

mach-

ines.

Fully

automatic

printing

calculators.

Ls(6000) Le(1908)

Dc

RMSa

Ortho

Filter

Corp., 196 Albion Ave.,

Paterson

2,

N.

J.

I Mulberry 4-5858 I

*C

Pluggable

units

for

computers,

ca

th

0

de

ray

amplifiers,

power suppl

ies,

wiring

of

com-

plete

racks,

etc.

Ss(43) Se(1946)

Ic

RMSa

Panellit,

Inc.,

7475

North

Hamlin

Ave.,

Skoki

e,

Ill.

I Orchard 5-2500 I

*C

Equipment

for

automatic

control:

coordinated

and graphic

control

panels

for

process

vari-

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

abIes;

multiple-point

scanning sys tems, a

n-

nunciator

systems.

Ms(375)

Se

ISCMc

RCMSPa

Pennsylvania

State

College,

X-Ray

and

Solid

State

Lab.,

Dept. of

Physics,

State

College, Pa.

*C

X-RAC

computer

for

crystal

elec·tron

density.

functions.

S-FAG

for

structure

factor

inter-

pretations.

Ms(55)

Se(1947)

Ac

RPa

George

A.

Philbrick

Researches,

Inc.,

230

Congress

St.,

Boston 10, Mass. /

Liberty

2-5464 /

*C

Philbrick

electronic

analog computing

equip-

ment

and

components. Ss(5) Se(1946)

Ac

RCMSa

Phillips

Control Corp.,

Joliet,

Ill.

/

Joliet

3-

3431

/

*C

Relays

for

computers,

etc.

Ms(350)

Se(194@

Ic

RMSa

Photon,

Inc.,

58

Charles

St.,

Cambridge 38, Mass./

Trowbridge 6-1177 /

*C

Machinery

for

composing type

by

photographs.

First

photographically-composed book has

been

published.

Ms(lOO)

Me

(1940)

DIe

RCMSa

Pitney-Bowes,

Inc.,

Stamford,

Conn.

*C

Postage

meters.

Tax-stamping

meters.

'~ick

ometer" counting

and/or

imprinting

machines.

Ls(3000) Le(1920) Ic

MSa

Potter

Instrument Co.,

115

Cutter

Mill Rd., Great

Neck,

N.

Y.

/ Great

Neck

2-9532 /

*C

Electronic

counters.

Magnetic

tape

handler;

digital

pr1nter.

Shift

registers.

Magnetic

core

memory.

Random

access

memory.

Hig

h-

speed

printer

(''Flying Typewriter

").

Analog-

to-digital

converter.

Ms(IOO)

Se(1942)

Dc

RMSa

Powers-Samas Accounting Machines,

Ltd.,

Engla

n

d.

Punch

card

tabulating

equipment using

small,

medium,

and

standard

cards.

Agency

is

Under-

wood

Corp., which

SEE.

Ls(6000) Le(1916)

Dlc

RMSa

Productions

Electroniques,

8,

rue

Laugier,

Paris

17, France

Collaborating

with

Institut

Blaise

Pascal

on

magnetic

recording

devices.

Ic

RMSa

Radio Corporation

of

.America,

Tube

Di

vi

s

ion,

415

South 5

St.,

Harrison,

N.

J.

/

Humboldt

5-3900/

*C

Tubes,

transistors

for

computers.

Ls

Le

Ic

RMSa

Ramo-Wooldridge Corp.,

6214

Manchester

Blvd.,

Los

Angeles 45,

Calif.

Digital

computers

and

components,

etc.

?s

Se

(1954)

Dlc

RMSa

The

Rand

Corporation, 1700

Main

St.,

Sant a

Monica,

Calif.

*C

Electronic

digital

computer (Johnniac) c

on-

structed

and

operating.

Ls(600) Se(1946)

DAlc

RCPa

Raytheon Manufacturing Co.,

Waltham,

Mass. / Wal-

tham 5-5860 /

*C

Electronic

computer systems

for

genera

1

ac-

counting

and

data-processing

operations,

and

for

general

scientific

applications

(RAYDAC).

Magnetic-core

coincident-current

matrix

mem-

ory systems, magnetic

shift

registers,

binary

and

decade

counters,

magnetic core

log

i

cal

components and subsystems, tape-handling

mech-

anisms, magnetic

recording

heads,

magneti

c

amplifiers.

Computing

services

to

a n a 1 y

ze

and

process problems

in

operations

re

search,

applied

mathematics,

engineering,

and

general

business accounting

by

digital

com

put

e

r.

Machine

control,

radar,

sonar, communications,

fire

control,

microwave

and

telemet

e r i n g

equipment,

power

and

receiving

tubes,

diodes,

transistors.

Ls(20,000)

Me(1925)

DAc

RMSPa

J.

B.

Rea

Co.,

Inc.,

1723

Cloverfield

Blvd.,

San-

ta

Monica,

Calif.

/ Exbrook 3-7201 /

*C

Automatic

control

systems i high-speed analog-

to-digi

tal

converter

(Reacon); analog

and

di-

gital

computing

facility;

etc.

Ms(60)

Se

(1951)

DSCc

RMSCa

Reeve

sIns

trumen t Co.,

215

East

91

St.,

New

Yo

r k

28,

N.

Y.

/

Trafalgar

6-6000 / .

Fire-control

equipment.

''REAC'·

electronic

analog computers.

Ls

Me

Ac

RMSa

Remington Rand,

Inc.,

315

4th

Ave.,

New

York

10

,

N.

Y.

/ Spring 7-8000 /

and

else~here

/

*C

Digital

computers (Univac System,

ERA

1101

Electronic

Computer System,

ERA

1103

EI

e

c-

tronic

Computer System); analog

com

puters;

special

purpose computers. Card-to-tape.

and

tape-to-card

converters.

Servomechanisms,

magnetic

drum

storage

systems, input

and

out-

put

devices.

Adding

and

calculating

machines.

Punched-card accounting machines

and

othe

r

accounting machines,

etc.

SEE

also

Eckert-

Mauchly

Division

and

Engineering Rese

arc

h

Associates

Division.

Ls(over 30,000; 1800

on

computers)

Le

DA'5c

RCMSa.

Robotyper Corporation,

125

Allen

St.,

Henderson-

ville,

N.

C.

/ Hendersonville 4246 /

Automatic typing equipment

that

can

be

assoc-

iated

with

any

electric

typewriter,

using a

record

roll

pneumatically

operated.

Ic

RMSa

Servo Corporation

of

America,

New

Hyde

Park, N.Y./

Fieldstone

7-2810 /

*C

Servomechanisms. Automatic

controls.

Anal-

ysis

and

synthesis

for

controls

manufactu r -

ers.

Temperat4re

controls

by

infra-red

radi-

ation.

Industrial

controls.

Servo

components

and

test

equipment. Analog

and

digital

co~

puters.

Ms(350)

Se(1946)

DA'5Cc

RMSa

Servomechanisms,

Inc.,

Post & Stewart Ave., West-

bury, L

•.

1.,

N.

Y.,

and

316

Washington

St.,

El

Segundo,

Calif.

/ Westbury 7-2700 and El

Segumb

1517 /

*C

Automatic

electronic

and

electro-mec

h a n:ical

control

systems

and

components,

analog

com-

puters,

instrumentation.

Ls(700) Se(1946)

AS

ICc

RMSa

Shepard

Laboratories,

Summit,

N.

J.

High-speed

typer

(up

to

1800

characters

per

second).

Ss

Se(1950)

Dlc

RMSa

Societe

d'Electronique

et

d'Automatisme,

138

Blvd

de Verdun, Courbevoie, Seine, France / Defen

se

41-20 /

'*C

Analog

and

digital

computers and components.

Servomechanisms;

electronic

equipment

for

machine

tools;

electronic

recorders.

Analog

computer

OME-L2.

General purpose digital

com-

puter

CAB

2.022.

Ms(320)

Se(1948)

DA'5c

RMSa

Societe

des Servomechanismes

Electroniques,

1 rue

Chanez,

Paris

16e, France

Sc

RMSa

.-

Soroban Engineering,

Inc.,

Box

117,

Melbourne,

Fla.

Electronic

digital

computers

of

the

FLAG

and

SEAL

type; computer

auxiliaries

such as mgh-

speed tape

perforators

(240

characters

per

second), coded automatic keyboards, automatic

format

tabulators,

etc.

Ss

Se(1953)

Dc

RMSa

Southern

Electronics

Corporation,

239

West

Orange

Grove Ave., Burbank,

Calif.

/

Victoria

9-3193 /

*C

-

17

-

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

Precision

polystyrene

capacitors.

Se(1951) Ic

RMSa

Ss(55) Telecomputing Corp., 133 E. Santa Anita Avenu.e,

Sperry Gyroscope Co., Great

Neck,

N.

Y.

/

Field-

stone

7-3600 I

*C

Ordnance;

fire-control

equipment. Automatic

controls.

Navigation equipment,

sea

and

air.

Radar, Loran,

gyrocompass~s,

precisi

0 n

in-

struments.

Ls(18,000) Le(1910)

Ac

RMSa

Sprague

Electric

Co.,

377

Marshall

Street,

North

Adams,

Mass.

*C

Capaci

tors:

miniature,

and

low

diele

c t

ric

hysteresis

loss

,for

computer

applications.

Standard

capacitors;

precision

and

power

type

resistors;

pulse

transformers;

radio

inter-

ference

filters;

printed

circuits.

Ls(5OO0)

Le(1926) Ic

RMSa

Swedish Board

for

Computing Machinery,

Drottning-

gatan

95A,

(P.

O.

Box

6131), Stockholm 6,

Swed-

en I Stockholm

23

55

90

I

*C

State

central

institution

for

research,

dev-

elopment,

and

computation

service

on

large-

scale

machines. Operates

two

computers,

BARK

and

BESK,

designed

and

buH t

by

the

Bo

a

rd.

They

have run commercially,

BARK

since

Ju

1 y

1950,

and

BESK

since

March

1954.

BARK

is

a

binary,

automatic

relay

computer,

orders

set

up

on

a plug-board,

parallel-operating,three-

(four-) address system.

BESK

is

a

binary,

electronic

sequence computer,

storing

orders

and

data

in

a

parallel

Williams

memory

or

in

a magnetic

drum

memory,

one-address

sys

te

m,

parallel-operating.

Research

on

nume

ric

a 1

analysis;

development

of

new

computers.

Ss

(30)

Se(1949)

Dc

RMCPa

Sylvania

Electric

Co~,

Radio

and

Television

Div.,

70

Forsyth

St.,

Boston 15, Mass. I

Kenmore

6-

8900 I

and

elsewhere.

*C

Electronic

digital

computers us

in

g

printed

circuit

techniques.

Subassemblies

of

diodes

and

triodes

•.

Computer components. Ls(22oo;

this

division

190) Le<l9Ol;

this

division

1949)

DAc

RMSa

Taller

and

Cooper,

75

Front

St.,

Brooklyn,

N.

Y.I

Ulster

8-0500 I

*C

Data recording

and

conversion system,

print-

ers,

perforators,

analog

to

digital

convert-

ers.

Function

generators,

computers.

Mech-

anical

function

generator

control

of

machine

tools

and

allied

mechanisms.

Toll

equipment

for

bridges,

highways,

turnpikes.

Ms

(350)

Me

(1926)

Dlc

RMSa

Tally

Register

Corp., 5300 14th

Ave.

N.W.,

Seattle

7, wash. I Dexter 5500 I

*C

Special

purpose

business

machines;

electro-

magnetic pulse

counters

and

pulsed

re

1

ay

s;

high,.-speed

data

reduction

systems

for

tel

e -

metering

applications;

digital-input,

multi-

ple-symbol

X-Y

plotter

with continuous

gr

i d

printing;

numeric

printing

tape

punch;

print-

ing

transfer

key

punch. Ss(15) Se(1948)

DICMc

RMSCa

Taylor Instrument Co., Rochester,

N.

Y.

Automatic

controllers.

Ls

Le

Cc

RMSa

Technitrol

Engineering Co.,

2751

North 4 St., Phila-

delphia

33, Pa. I

Garfield

6-9105 I

~'C

Computing

and

control

equipment.

Com

pIe

te

digi

tal

systems. Components,

pulse

transfor-

mt:!rs.

Electrical

and

acoustic

delay

lines.'

High-speed memories.

Time

serial

computers.

Ms

(90)

Se

(1947)

DAc

RMSa

-18 -

Burbank,

Calif.

I

Charleston

0-8161 I

*C

Automatic

data

reading,

recording,and

plot-

ting

equipment. Automatic business

data

ac-

cumulation

and

analysis

equipment;

multiple

access

storage

systems.

Ms(250)

Se(1947)

DCMc

RMSPa

Telequipment Corporation, Sea

Cliff,

N.

Y.I Glen

Cove

4-2900 I

Equipment

for

attaching

to

an

electric

type-

writer

so

that

it

may

produce punched paper

tape

simultaneously with

typing.

Ss

Se

Ic

RMSa

Teleregister

Corp.,

445

Fairfield

Ave., Stamford,

Conn. I Stamford 48-4291 I

*C

Digital

and

analog

special

purpose computers.

Data inventory systems

for

special

applica-

tions:

travel

reservations,

flight

data

pro-

cessing,

stock

market

quotations,

etc.

Mag-

netronic

Reservisor,

in

use

at

American

Airlines

reservations

center.

Magnetronic stock quo-

tation

sys1;.em

in

use

in

Toronto Stock Ex-

change.

Ms(275)

Me

(1928)

Dlc

RMSa

Teletypesetter

Corporation,

2752

Clybourn

Avenue,

Chicago 14,

Ill.

I Graceland 7-5250 land

else-

where I

*C

Tape

perforators

and

operating

units for local

or

distant

automatic

control

of

Linot

y

pes

and

Intertypes.

Ms(57)

Me

(1929) Ic

RMSa

Tobe

Deutschmann Corporation,

921

Providence

High-

way,

Norwood,

Mass. I

Norwood

7-2620 /

*C

Capacitors

for

computers,

etc.;

electronic

noise

suppression

products

(interfere

n c e

fil

ters)

•

Ls

(500+)

Le

(1922)

Ic

RMSCPa

Transistor

Products,

Inc.,

241

Crescent St., Wal-

tham

54, Mass. I

Waltham

5-9330 I

*C

Transistors,

diodes.

Ms(150)

Se(1952) Ic

mISa

Ultrasonic

Corp., 640 Memorial

Drive,

Cambridge,

Mass. I

University

4-5400 I

*C

Automatic

control

using feedback:

cmrelopnent,

equipment. Computing

controls

for

mach

ine

tools.

Etc.

Ls(700) Se(1945)

DASc

RMSa

Underwood

Corp.,

One

Park Ave.,

New

York

16,

N.yj

Lexington 2-7000 / General Research Lab., 5 6

Arbor

St.,

Hartford 6, Conn.; and elsewhere.*C

Accounting machines, adding machines,

type-

writers.

Elliott-Fisher

and

SundstrandM~

ines.

Underwood

Samas

punched

card

account-

ing machines and systems.

Underwood

electric

typewriters,

used

in

Harvard

Mark

II

calcu-

lator.

ELECOM

electronic

computers.

SEE

also

Electronic

Computer

Division

of

Under-

wood

Corporation.

Ls(company 10,000;

lab-

oratory,

100) Le(1895) Dlc

RMSa

Union

Switch

and

Signal

Co.,

Division

of Westing-

house Airbrake,

Pittsburgh

l8,and

Sw~svale,Pa.

Railroad

signaling

and

control

systems.

Ls

(4000)

Le

Ic

RMSa

U.

S. Air Force, Aeronautical Research Laboratory,

System

Dynamics

Analysis Branch,

Wr

i 9 h t

Air

Development

Center,

Wright-Patterson

Air Force

Base, Dayton, Ohio I

KE

7111,

X28235

I

*C

Has

Oarac,and

analog equipment.

Ms(65)

Se

(1948)

DAc

RCGPa

U.

S. Air Force, Cambridge Research

Center,

230

Albany

St.,

Cambridge 39, Mass. / Universi

ty

4-

4720 I

Developed the

ABC

(Automatic

Binary

Canputer) •

Has

a Computer Research Corp-l02.

Ms

Me

DIc

Ga

ROSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

U.

S. Air Force,

Inst.

of

Technology,

Wright-Pat-

terson

Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio,

*C

Electronic

strategy

machine, conceived

by

L.

I.

Davis.

Philbrick

and

Reac

equipment

on

hand.

Ms(300)

Se(1946)

DAle

Ga

U.

S.

Army,

Ballistic

Research

Laboratories,

Aber-

deen Proving Ground, Aberdeen,

Md.

*C

Has

Bell,

Edvac, Eniac, Ordvac computers

and

others.

Developing supplementary rurl modern-

izing

components.

Ms

Le

DAc

Ga

U.

S.

Naval Proving Ground, Computation and

Bal-

listics

Department, Dahlgren,

Va.

/

X627

/

*C

Has

three

digital

computers

--

Harvard Aiken

Relay

(Mark

II),

Aiken Dahlgren

Electronic

(Mark

III),

and

will

have Naval Ordnance Re-

search

Calculator

(NORC).

Ms(llO) Se(1942)

Dc

RCPGa

U.

S.

Naval Research Laboratory,

Washington

25,

D.

C.

*C

Making

NAREC

digital

computer.

Ls(3000)

Me

DASc

RCGPa

U.

S.

Navy,

Office

of

Naval Research, Sp e

cia

1

Devices

Center,

Port

Washington,

New

York/

Port

Washington 7-2800 /

*C

Ls(500) Se(1943)

DASMc

RMCGBa

Univ.

of

California,

Berkeley,

Calif.

*C

Constructing

CALDIC,

California

Digital

Com-

puter.

Ss(lO) Se(1947)

DAc

RPa

University

of

Illinois,

Urbana,

Ill.

Built

electronic

digital

computer Ordvac

for

Ballistic

Research Laboratory, Aberdeen.

Has

finished

computer

Illiac

on

same

design,

but

wi

th

faster

input-output

using a IiIotoelectric

reader.

Dc

RCPa

University

of Manchester, Mathematical Laboratory,

Manchester, England.

*C

Has

automatic

electronic

digital

compute

r

buil

t

by

Ferranti

Electric,

Ltd.

This 1

ab-

oratory

developed

much

of the

design.

Ss(8)

Se(1947)

Dc

RPa

Univ. Mathematical Laboratory, Free School

Lane,

Cambridge, England

Has

EDSAC

electronic

digital

calculator.

Dc

RCPa

Univ.

of

Michigan, Willow

Run

Research

Center,

Willow

Run

Airport,

Ypsilanti,

Mich. /

Ypsilanti

5110 /

*C

Digi

tal

computers, both

special

purpos

e

and

general

purpose,

inel

uding

electronic

and

el-

ectromechanical analog computers; simulators.

Data-processing systems,

analysis

and compu-

tation

using

Midac

and

Midsac;

instruction

in

programming

and

numerical methods; s:imulation,

etc.

Ls(500) Se(1946)

DAc

RCPa

University

of

Sydney, Dept. of

Electrical

Engrg.,

Sec

tion

of Mathematical

Instruments,

S y d n e y ,

New

South Wales,

Australia

Analog computers.

Ac

Ra

Uni

v.

of Toronto, Computation

Centre,

Tor

0 n

to,

Canada / Walnut 3-1327 /

*C

Digital,

electronic

computers.

Now

operating:

a

Ferranti

Electric

automatic computer;

punch

card

machines. Ss(15) Se(1947)

Dc

RPCa

Vaucanson,

11

rue

de

Surmelin,

Paris

20e, France

Calculating

machines.

Dc

RMSa

Victor

Adding

Machine Co., 3900

No.

Rockwell

St.,

Chicago 18,

Ill.

*C

Adding

machines. Ls(1600) Le(19l8)

Dc

RMSa

VISlrecord,

Inc.,

Copiague, L.

I.,

N.

Y.

/ Amity-

ville

4-4900 /

Filing

systems

for

computer punched

pap

e r

tape,

etc.

~Is

(100)

Ie

RMSa

-

19

-

Wallind-Pierce Corp., 1928

Pacific

Coast

Highway,

Lomita,

Calif.

*C

Digi

tal-to-anal

og, and anal

og-to-d

i g

ita

1

translators.

Digital

and analog computers,

magnetic

amplifiers,

etc.

Ss(18) Se(195D

DASc

RCMSa

Wang

Laboratories,

37

Hurley

St.,

Cambr i d g e

39,

Mass. / Trowbridge 6-1925 /

Magnetic

delay-line

memory

units.

Digital

signal

generators.

Multiple

scalers.

Static

magnetic

memory

systems

and

other

dev

ice

s.

Ss

Se(195l)

Dc

RCMSa

The

George Washington Univ.,

Logistics

Research

Proj

ect,

707

22nd

St.,

Washington

7,

D.

C. /

Sterling

3-4539 /

*C

ONR

relay

computer with magnetic

dru

m

mem-

ory. Data-handling machines.

ONR

electronic

digital

computer with magnetic

drum

memory.

Ms(50)

Se(1950)

.Dc

RCPa

Watson

Scientific

Computing Laboratory,

612

West

116

St.,

New

York,

N.

Y.

/

Monument

6-9600/*C

The

pure

science

department

of

International

Business Machines Corp. Simultaneous

linear

equation

solver.

Astronomical

plate

measur-

ing machine.

IBM

punch card machin e

s.

Re-

search

and

instruction.

Constructing

NORC.

Ms(lOO)

Se(1945)

DAc

RCPa

Wayne

University,

Cass Ave.,

Detroit

1,

Mich.

/

Temple

1-1450 /

*C

Computation

laboratory.

5300-word magnetic

drum

computer

built

of Burroughs

pulse

con-

trol

equipment.

Has

Mass.

Inst.

of Technology

Differential

Analyzer

No.1.

Acquiring

dig-

ital

differential

analyzer

and

ele

c

tr

onic

analog equipment.

Instruction

and

training

•

Ss(30) Se(1950)

DAc

Ra

Jervis

B.

Webb

Co.,

8951

Alpine Ave.,

Detroit

4,

Mich. / Webster 3-8010 /

*C

Conveyor

engineering

and

manufact

uri

n g •

Servomechanisms, automatic

control

machinery,

automatic

materials

handling machinery.

Ls

(600)

Le(19l9)

SCMc

RMSa

Weems

System

of

Navigation,

227

Prince

Ge

or

g e

St.,

Annapolis,

Md.

Automatic

navigation

systems.

Me

Ic

RCPMSa

Westinghouse

Electric

Corp.,

Industry

Engineering

Dept.,

East

Pittsburgh,

Pa~

*C

Analog computers

for:

mechanical

and

elec-

trical

problems;

regulating

systems;

servo-

mechanism behavior; flow

of

heat,

oil,

0 r

gas;

other

purposes.

DC

and

AC

calculating

boards,

ANACOM

computer.

Ls

Le

DASc

RMSCPa

Wharf

Engineering

Labs.,

Fenny

Compton,

Warwick-

shire,

England / Fenny

Compton

30

/

*C

Magnetic drums,

recording

heads,

transform-

ers.

Ss

(15)

Se

(1949)

Ic

RMSa

Zator Co.,

79

Milk

St.,

Boston

9,

Mass./

Liberty

2-4624 /

*C

Digi

tal

equipment and systems

for

cod

i n

g,

filing,

and

finding

information (Zato

cod-

ing

systems).

High-speed

sele

ct

0 r s

for

notched

~ards.

Methods

for

use oi

digital

computing machines

to

recover

i

nf

0 r m a

tion.

Ss

Se(1947) Ic

RCSa

Zeuthen & Aagaard

Ltd.

,6

Esplanaden, Copenhagen,

Denmark

/

Central

3795

/

*C

Portable

adding machine (Contex);

dictating

m3chine (Rex-Recorder) with magnetic record-

ing

on

plastic

disc

using impregnated

part-

icles

and

permitting

more

than

10,000

re-

uses;

duplicating

machines,

etc.

Ls

Le

Ic

R~\lSa

(eontinued

on

page

30)

Analog.

Computers

and

their

Application

to

Heat

Transfer

and

Fluid

Flow

-

Part

1

(Later

Parts

and

Bibliography

will

be

published

in

forthcoming

issues)

John

E.

Nolan

Westinghouse

Electric

Corporation,

Pittsburgh

30,

Pa.

The

purpose of

this

paper

is

to

sur

v e y

the

field

of analog computers with

particular

reference

to

their

application

to

heat

trans-

fer

and

fluid

flow problems

and

t.o

nresen

t a

bibliography.

A computer

is

an

information proces

sing

device.

It

has been

defined

as a "device

which

accepts

quantitative

information,

may

arrange

it

and

perform mathematical

and

logical

oper-

ations

on

it,

and

makes

available

the

resulf-

ing

quantitative

information

as

an

output".

5

(The

superscript

number

is

the

number

of the ref-

erence

listed

in

the

bibliography.)

This

is

a

broad

definition

which

includes

slide

ru

1 e

s,

desk

calculators,

differential

analyzers,

in-

dustrial

controllers,

telephone exchanges,and

large-scale

digital

computers.

Computers

are

.generally

classified

as

dig-

i

tal,

.analog,

or

a combination

of

both.

Digi-

tal

computers

are

discrete

variable

de

vic

e s

which

represent

numbers

by

counting

discrete

obj

ects

in

space

or

discrete

events

in time

such

as

holes

in

a paper

card

or

tape,

the

teeth

of

a

gear

wheel,

or

electric

pulses

in

a

circuit.

Fundamentally, they are machines which perform

ari

thmetical

operations

on

numbers,

such

as

desk

calculators

or

telephone exchanges. A n a

log

computers

are

continuous

variable

devices which

represent

numbers

by

measuring

some

p hy

sic

a 1

quantity

such as

shaft

rotation,

vol

tage,

r

e-

sistance,

or

position

of

a:

hand

on

a s

cal

e.

•

Slide

rules.

differential

analyzers,

and

indus-

trial

controllers

are

analog computers. A com-

puter

which employs both

digital

and

a n a

log

computing

devices

would

also

include

converte~

to

change information from

one

formw

another.

History

In

order

to

gain

a

proper

perspective,

it

would

be

good

to

briefly

review

the

history

of

computers .15

One

of

the

oldest

forms

of

comput-

ers

is

the

abacus

of

ancient

times.

The

seven-

teenth

century

saw

the

slide

rule

and

an

adding

machine invented

by

Pascal

to

assist

his

father

in

checking accounts. During the

first

halfof

the

nineteenth

century

the

planimeter

came

into

being

and

Charles Babbage worked out the

concepts

of

digital

machines. In 1876 a

ball-and-disk

integrator

was

invented

by

James

Thomson

and a

harmonic

analyzer

was

conceived

by

his

brother

Lord Kelvin. In

the

last

half

of

the

nineteenth

century,

adding machines, comptometers,

calcu-

lating

cash

registers,

and

billing'

mac

h i n e s

were developed. In

World

War

I appe

are

d

the

application

of

rudimentary

electrical

comput-

ing techniques

to

anti-aircraft

fire

control.

In 1925

the

first

large

differential

analyzer

was

made

by

Vannevar

Bush

at

the

Mass·achusetts

Insti

tute

of

Technology. Various e

Ie

c t

ric.

bridges,

field

plots

by

means

of poorly

co

n-

dueting

liquids

and

potential

probes,

and

ap-

plications

of

d-c

and

a-c

network anal y

zer

s

were

made

during

the

1920's.

In the

1930

' s

occurred the development

of

servo methods,po-

tentiometers,

resolvers,

and feedback

amplif-

iers

which gave impetus

to

eleGtrical

analog

computation.

Today

there

are

a number

of

large

s

cal

e

digital

and

analog computer

installations,

a

number

of

simple

differential

analyzers

on

the

market,

many

available

components which a user

can assemble

to

fit

his

own

needs,

and

a b

e-

wildering

variety

of

small

special

pur

p 0 s e

computers

for

process

control

and

other

co

m-

puting

-purposes. Analog

and

digital

techniques

are

used

now

to

supplement each

other;

a simple

analog computer

to

understand

the

problem

and

a

digital

computer

for

detailed

investigation

of

areas

of

the

problem

are

a powerful combin-

ation.

Computers

in

Design and Research

Computers have been a

vi

tal

factor

in

the

revol

utionary

progress

in

the

level

of

complex:-

i

ty

of

practical

science

and

engineering

during

the

past

century.

They

make

it

poss

ibl

e

to

solve

problems

faster,

to

handle problems

whkh

formerly

required

more

effort

than could

eco-

nomically be expended, and

to

find

solutions

to

problems which were

previously

incapable

of

solution.

Today

the

computer

is

well established

along with

the

slide

rule,

balance,

and

test

tube as an

essential

tool

of

the

industr

ia

1

researcher.

The

technique

of

simulation

is

a p·owerful

aid

to

the

system

designer.

One

form

of

simu-

lation

is

the

study

of

a system

by

the

cut

and

try

examination

of

its

mathematical

represent-

ation

by

means

of

an

analog

or

digital

computer.

A modified program

of

system

design

would

prob-

ably

include

the

following

steps

:11

(1)

descrip-

tion

of

system

inputs,

(2)

first

order

design,

(3)

component

analysis,

(4)

experiments for

re-

quired

parameters,

(5)

systems

analysis,

(6

)

system

simulation,

and

(7)

modification

toward

an

optimum

design

by

a

repetition

of

steps

(2)

through

(6).

-20 -

ANALOG

CQ\iPUTERS

The

competitors

of

simulation

are

the

math-

ematical

analysis

and

the

"build

and

discard"

techniques.

When

systems

are

complicated, smr

ulation

shows

definite

advantages 0

ve

r

the

other

two

techniques.

The

building

and

testing

of

prototypes

is

costly

and

time consum

in

g •

The

use of the mathematical

analysis

technique

can

result

in

a

disproportionate

expenditure

of

engineering

time

on

extensive

calculations

and

in

tests

to

prove

the

assumptions

under-

lying

these

calculations.

When

applied

prop-

erly,

computers can supply adequate

solutions

to

the

problems

at

hand with a saving

in

time,

money,

and

engineering

personnel.

Analog Computers

By

applying

the

principle

of

ana

log

y ,

whereby

various

simple laws

of

nature

and

var-

ious parameters

in

different

physical

systems

can

be

each

other,

a

designer

can

translate

a given problem from

one

p hy

sic

a 1

system

in

which

design

computations

are

diffi-

cult

and

test

models expensive,

to

another

physical

system

in

which low-cost models with

continuously

variable

parameters can

be

quickly

produced

and

tested.

38

A

physical

system

is

an

assemblage

of

physical

elements

which

may

include

mechanisms,

electric

circuits,

chemi-

cal

processes,

heat

processes,

etc.

With i n

the

range

of

operating

conditions

in

which

known

laws of design apply

and

by

the proper

appli-

cation

of conversion

factors,

data

obtained

in

the

analogous system

are

applicable

in

the

or-

iginal

system.

A

physical

system can be

represented

by

a

physical

analog

or

by

an

operational

analog.38

If

each element

or

component

in

an

originalsys-

tem

is

replaced

by

its

analogous eleme n

tor

component

in

the

model system, and

if

all

in-

teractions

between elements

are

appropriately

expressed so

that

the

dynamic performance char-

acteristics

of

the

two

systems

are

similar, then

the

model

system

is

the

physical

or

direct

an-

alog of

the

original

system.

The

chief advantage

of

this

direct

technique

is

that

the

engineer

does not have

to

write

explicit

equations

for

ei

ther

system, which would

be

impos"sible t 0

write

for

very complex systems.

It

is

only

necessary

that

the

analog be a

true

and

valid

model

and

that

the

applied

forces

and

boundary

conditions

be

known.

Data obtained

by

running

tests

on

the

analog,

when

directly

translated

back

into

terms

appropriate

to

the

orig

ina

I

system,

will

establish

the

performance

of

the

original

system.

For example, a

delta

area

in

California

has

the

ocean

on

its

west,

the

Sacramento

River

entering

from

the

north,

the

San

Joaquin

River

entering

from

the

south,

and

the

Mokelumne

Ri-

ver

entering

from

the

east.

A

pumping

pIa

n t

lifts

the water out

of

the

channels

at

too south

end

of

the

del

ta

to

supply the San J 0 a

qui

n

Valley.

An

old network

of

channels

carr

i e s

the

flow through

the

delta.

The

problem

arose

of

how

to

bring

the

Sacramento River

water

a-

cross

the

delta

to

the

San Joaquin

side

while

maintaining

a

pattern

of

flow

in

the

channels

which

will

hold

intrusion

of

ocean

salinity

in

check and thereby permi t

the

transfer

t 0

be

made

without danger

of

contamination.

An

an-

alog computer

was

set

up

to

study

this

pro

b-

lem.

144

The

analogous

hydraulic

and

electri-

cal

relationships

were developed

and

quantity

of

flow

was

represented

in

the

analog

by

elec-

tric

current,

water

surface

elevations

we

r e

represented

by

voltage,

inertia

by

inductance,

storage

by

capacitance,

frictional

drag by"re-

sistance,

and time

by

time.

However,

the

an-

alog

runs through

five

hundred days of

actual

tide

changes

in

each second of

operating

time.

The

analog can reproduce

the

square-law

rela-

tion

between

friction

and

velocity

tha

tis

characteristic

of

fluid

flow. Gate

keeper

s

are

represented

by

rectifier

circuits.

Stream

flows and

currents

are

represented

by

c 0

n-

trolled

d-c

currents

added

to

and

subtracted

from

certain

points

in

the

analog

ne

two

r k •

The

wave

motions

associated

with

tides

are

rep-

resented

by

a-c

voltages

of

specified

magnitude.

Net

current

flows

are

read

on

d-c milliammeters

and

tidal

amplitudes

and

phase

differences

are

read

on

cathode ray

oscilloscopes.

The

analog

has proved

to

be

an

effective

means

for exped-

iting

the

work

of

finding

the

flow distribution

patterns

in

a network

of

channels.

It

is

part-

icularly

effective

when

tidal

effects

must be

included

in

addition

to

gravity

flows.

The

results

obtained with

the

analog have checked

well with

those

obtained

by

other

means.

It

is

not always

necessary,

arrl

frequently

not

desirable,

to

replace

each

individual

el-

ement

of

an

original

system with an equivruent

in

the

analog system. Analog models can often

be

greatly

simplified

and

their

usefu

1 n e s s

broadened

if

they reproduce only the functional

operations

of

the

original

system.

Thi

s

ap-

proach

is

particularly

appropriate

if

the

per-

formance

of

the

original

system can

be

formu-

lated

mathematically.

A

model

system

which

can

reproduce

the

mathematical

operations

implicit

in

the

mathematical

formulation

of

the

original

system,

without

regard

to

the

actual

nature

or

elements

of

that

system,

is

an

operational

an-

alog.

The

building

blocks

of

this

operational

analog

may

be

actual

physical

elements with near

ideal

performance

or

relatively

complex devices

developed

specifically

to

perform

certain

math-

ematical

operations.

Differential

analyzers,

mechanical

or

electronic,

are

one

type

of

op-

erational

analog which have been

put

to

a

great

multitude

and

variety

of

uses.

The

dynamic performance

of

mechanicru, hy-

draulic,

thermal, magnetic, and

acoustic

sys-

tems and complex systems

containing

components

-

21

-

ANALOG

(l)MPUTERS

in

several

of

these

fields

can

often

be repro- . ClSlon

of

10-

3

or

possibly

10-

4

is

normal and

duced with simple analogous

electrical

systems. 10-5

is

obtainable

under

highly

restric

ted

Electrical

models

are

used

more

often

than other condi

tions.

type models, such as

air-flow

or

water-f

low

models, because

they

can

be

produced

at

low

cost

in

minimum

time, and, once assembled,they

can

easily

be

modified with

the

many

electric~

components mass-produced

to

fill

radio,

tele-

vision,

industrial

control,

and

armed

services

requirements.

Also,

the

computational and

re-

cording

devices

now

available

are

designed

to

accept

the

output

signals

of

voltage

~nd

cur-

rent

produced

in

electrical

models i

com

pIe

x

sensing

and conversion

devices

are

required

if

equivalent

measurements

are

to

be

made

in

mech-

anical,

thermal,

or

fluid

systems. Many

im-

portant

mathematical manipulations such

asal-

gebraic

summation,

trigonometric

resolution,

differentiation,

integration,

and

other

data-

processing

steps

can be

carried

out

rapidly

with

electrical

analogs

of

the

mathematical

operations.33,

47, 55 .

Planimeters,

slide

rules,

automobil

e

speedometers,

industrial

controllers,

1 i

near

equation

solvers,

fire

control

computers,

net-

work

analyzers,

and

differential

analyzers

are

examples

of

analog computers. The y

can

be

applied

to

a

great

variety

of

problems.

They

can be used

to

solve

abstract

mathematical

e-

quations.

They

can be used

to

find

solutions

to

systems

of

linear

simultaneous

equation

s

where

the

speed

of

solution

is

essential.

In

the

form

of

pneumatic, mechanical,

electrical,

electromechanical,

or

hydraulic

industrial

reg-

ulators

they

solve

continuously

,day

afte r day,

equations

expressing

the

desired

behavio

r

of

processes

or

plants

under

control.

In

the

automatic

control

field,

they

serve

as low-cost

bench-type

prototypes

which can

be

tested

con-

veniently

in

the

laboratory

under a

variety

of

conditions.

They

may

be

used

to

represent

a

part

of

an

over-all

system (such as

an

airplare

and

its

aerodynamic

controls)

while the

actual

piece

of

equipment

to

be

tested

(s

u c h as

an

autopilot)

completes

the

system

to

be

studied.

They

can be used

to

test

systems

or

de

vic

e s

whose

equations

or

transfer

functions

are

known

but

which have not

yet

been

built.

They

can

be used

to

determine

transfer

functionsofsys-

tems

built

up

from

physical

analogs.

By

gen-

erating

or

displaying

a

large

number

of

solu-

tions

for

instant

examination

on

cathode

ray

tubes

or

other

graphic

recorders,

0 p

tim

urn

system parameters can

be

determined.

They

can

be used

to

solve

a wide

variety

of

pr

ob

lems

whose

boundary

or

initial

conditions

or

both

are

complex, such as occur

in

the

flow

ofheat

in

irregularly

shaped bodies

or

the

flo

w

of

.

fluids

in

reservoirs.

The

accuracy

to

which an analog computer

answer

is

obtained

is

limited

by

the

precision

to

which

physical

displacements,

angles,

volt-

ages,

currents,

etc.,

can

be

measured. A pre-

Some

of

the

advantages of analog comput-

ers

are

that

they

are

simple enough

sot

hat

many

can

be

built

to

solve

special

problem s ,

that

an

engineer

can keep

close

track

on

the

physical

significance

of

the computation, and

that

a broad

pattern

of

solutions

representing

many

different

combinations

of

conditions

can

be

obtained

in

a

short

time.

They

are

b

est

for

problems where

engineering

acc u r a c y i s

sufficient

and

are

the

simplest

type

of

c

<>

m-

puter

for

problems

in

which

the

precision

0 f

the

computer

is

greater

than

the

accuracy

of

the

input

data.

They

can handle almos

tal

I

dynamic problems because

the

information needed

is

the

presence

of

instability

or

the

design

of

devices

to

prevent

instability

and

not

the

numerical

solutions.

The

limitations

of analog computers

ar

e

that

the

equations

for

the

original

system

or

the

transfer

functions

of

the

elements

or

com-

ponents

of

the

original

system must

be

known,

that

a

considerable

amount

of

time m

us

t b e

allowed

for

setup

of

the

computation schedule

and

analysis

of

results,

and

that·

the

comput-

ing

elements themselves, even though they

may

possess amazing

versatility,

have

phys

i c a I

1 imi

tations.

Some

problems

are

not complicated

enough

to

justify

treatment

by

such

an

elabor-

ate

means.

First

cost

is

a

consideration

but

the

first

cost

of analog computers

is

low

a-

mong

computers. Analog computers

are

funda-

mentally

calculus

machines and

are

therefore,

of

course,

inappropriate

for

basically

arith-

metical

calculations

such as census

taking

or

cost

accounting.

Some

Large-Scale

Computers and

Their

Applications

Large-scale

general-purpose

computers

in-

cl

ude

the

differential

analyzer

at

the

Mas

s-

achusetts

Institute

of

Technology, various

d-c

and

a-c

network

analyzers,

and

similar

analog

computers

operated

by

the

Westinghouse Electric

Corporation and

the

California

Institu

teo

f

Technology.

The

MIT

differential

analyzer

is

use

d

primarily

for

evaluatin~

solutions

of

ordinary

differential

equations.

5

It

is

a mechanical

device

and

the

values

of

the

variables

involved

are

represented

by

positions

of

rotating

shafts

or

by

shaft

rates.

It

has been used

for

solu-

tions

to

problems

in

many

branches

of

enginee~

ing and

science

and

has

stimulated

activit

yin

the

fields

of

mathematical

effort

where p r

0-

cesses

of

analysis

are

inadequate.

Network

analyzers

have been used

to

solve

-22 -

,A~ALOG

COMPUTERS

quickly

the

many

and

various

problems concerned

with

the

operation

of

power systems.

44

They

are

practical,

adj

ustable

miniature

pO\\er

sys-

tems.

They

can be used

to

analyze

re

suI

t s

during

the

progress

of

a system

stu

d y

and

therefore

play

an

active

part

in

system

plan-

ning as well as checking

the

perform

an

c e

of

completed systems.

The

electrical

analog computers

at

Cal

Tech

and

at

Westinghouse (the

Anacom)

were con-

structed

after

a

two

year

survey.

30

Vario u s

types

of

auxiliary

equipment has been designai

for

use

with

these

computers and

the

computers

themsel ves

are

made

up

of

many

specially

devel-

oped components.45 A block diagram

of

a

typi-

cal

computer

setup

for

solving

a problem could

consist

of

three

blocks.

37

The

first

would

be

the

steady~state

or

trans

ient

forcing

functions.

Electrical

voltages

are

generated

and

applied

to

the

analog which

are

equivalent

to

the forces

applied

to

the

actual

physical

system.

The

sec-

ond

block

is

the

electrical

analog

of

the

sys-

tem

studied.

Many

analogs of

different

problems

are

already

known

and methods have been

devel-

oped

for

systematically

determining

new

one s •

The

third

block

is

the

measuring e

qui

pment ,

which

includes

oscillographic

apparatu

s

for

transient

problems.

The

exact

type of measur-

ing

equipment

will

vary with each

individual

analysis.

These computers have been us e d

to

sol

ve a wide

variety

of

proglems

inc

1 u

din

g

magnetic

amplifier

studies,

nonlinear

mech-

anics

and

servomechanisms

inve8ti

gati

0 n,

95

transient

~ibration

problems, 7

re

g u 1 a

tor

problems

,2

the

study

of

a

steel

mill

drive,

35

and

the

study

of

a.lubrication

system.45

D-C

Electronic

Analog Computers and

Their

Applications

Computations, which

are

too

extensive

to

be

undertaken manually and not so

elaborate

as

to

justify

using

the

facilities

of

a

computa-

tion

laboratory,

can

be

handled

easily

and are·

quately

by

small,

compact d-c

electronic

ana-

log

computers. Such computers can

be

COnstIUC-

ted

or

~lJn

be

purch~fe~ifrom

manufacturers like

Reeves, Goodyear, '

Philbrick.

and

Boein~

They

are

easy

to

operate,

easy

to

maintain

and

service,

and

relatively

inexpensive.

The

para-

meters can

be

changed

easily

and

the

time

re-

quired

for

setup

is

short

in

comparison

with

other

types

of

computers.

Additional

uni~

can

be added

easily

to

extend

the

capacity

of

the

machine and

make

it

more

versatile.

Such a

machine permits

convenient

and economical

test-

ing

by

straightforward

techniques

and

is

an ef-

fective

tool

in

the

hands

of

those

who

under -

st~nd

i~~

capabilities,

advantages,

and

limit-

atlons.

.

In

general,

the

following

steps

should

be

followed

in

handling

a problem:

33

(1)

Obtain a complete

statement

of

the

problem. This would

include

the

equations

to

be

solved,

the

ini

tial

conditions,'

the

par

a-

meters

to

be

varied,

any

available

solutionsor

checks, numerical

values

of

the

.parameters,

mrl

the

estimated

ranges of

the

variables

and

ilieir

derivatives

if

possible.

Since

this

computer

is

an

operational

analog, a given system c

an

be

studied

only

if

its

response

equations

ar

e

known.

(2)

Determine

tentative

scale

factors

for

each

variable

and

set

up

the

trans

for

mat

ion

e'luations.

These

equations

express

the

rela-

tionship

between

the

problem

variables

am the

computer

variables.

(3)

Choose

the

time

scale

and

write

the

transformation

equation

for

the

independe

n t

variable

(time).

The

computer time mayre equal

to,

slower

than,

or

faster

than

real

time.

Do

not

forget

to

transform

initial

conditions,

li-

miting

levels,

etc.,

to

computer

variables.

(4)

Establish

the

machine

equations

and

draw a computer block diagram.

(5)

Interconnect

the

computing eleme n t s

by

patch cords

to

perform

the

operations

re-

quired.

(6)

Set

potentiometers,

initial

values,

limiting

levels,

and

function

generators

accor-

ding

to

the

block diagram.

Set

or

check

re-

corder

calibration.

(7)

Make

the

computing

devices

operative

and thereby

force

the

voltages

in

the

machine

to

vary

in

the

manner

prescribed

by

the

machine

equations.

The

vol

tage

variations

with

ti

me

are

recorded and

constitute

the

solutions

0 f

the

problem.

The

machine

is

stopped

at

a time

chosen

by

the

operator.

The

maximum

allowable

computing time

is

usually

determined

by

the

1 imi

tations

of

the

computing

elements.

Chec

k

operation

for

consistency

by

means

of

standard

built-in

test

signals.

(8)

Reset

the

machine

for

the

with changed

coefficients,

initial

conditions,

etc.

(9)

Obtain

all

the

data

required.

(10)

Reduce,

the

data

and analyze and

report

the

test

results.

-

TO

BE

CONTINUED

-

-23 -

Automatic

Computing

Machinery

-

List

of

Types

(Edition

1,

cumulative,

information

as

of

Oct.

3,

1954)

The

purpose

of

this

list

is

to

report

types

of

machinery

that

may

well

be

considered

automctic

computing

machinery,

that

is,

automatic

mach-

inery

for

handling

information

or

data,reasonOOly.

No

objective

criterion

as

to

whether

or

not any

particular

type

should

or

should

not be included

has

yet

been

determined.

We

shall

be

grateful

for

any comments,

corrections,

and

pro

p 0

sed

additions

or

deletions

which any

reader

may

be

able

to

send

us.

LIST

Accounting-bookkeeping

machines,

which

takein

numbers

through

a

keyboard,

and

print

them

on a

ledger

sheet,

but

are

control

1 e d by

"program

bars"

t which

according

to

the

colllIl1

in

which

the

number

belongs,

causes

the num-

ber

to

enter

positively

or

negatively

in

any

one

of

several

totaling

counters,

which

can

be

optionally

printed

or

cleared.

Analog

computers,

which

take

in

numerical

in-

formation

in

the

form

of

measurements 0 f

physical

variables,

perform

arithmetic

a 1

operations,

are

controlled

by

apr

og

ram,

and

give

out

numerical

answers.

Astronomical

telescope

aiming

equipment,which

adjusts

the

direction

of

a

telescope

in

an

observatory

so

that

it

remains

p()int

e d

at

the

small

section

of

the

heavens which a n

astronomer

intends

to

study.

Automobile

traffic

light

controllers,

that

take

in

indications

of

the

presence

of

mot

0 r

cars

from

the

operation

of

treadles

in

the

pavement

or

in

other

ways, and g i v e 0 u t

signals,

according

to

a program of

response

to

the

volume and

density

of

traffic.

Control

systems

for

handling

connected

or

flow-

ing

materials,

which

will

take

in

indications

of

flow,

temperature,

pressure,

volume,liq-

uid

level,

etc.,

and

give

out

the

settings

of

valves,

rollers,

tension

arms,

etc.,de-

pending

on

the

program

of

control.

Control

systems

for

handl

ing

separate

materials,

which

will

move

heavy

blocks,

long

rods,

or

other

pieces

of

material

to

or

from

stations

and

in

or

out

of

machines,

while

taking

in

indications

furnished

by

the

locations

of

material,

the

availabil-

i

ty

of

the

machines,

etc.,

all

depending on

the

program

of

control.

Data

sampling

systems,

which

will

take

ina

continuous

voltage

or

other

physical

vari-

able

and

give

out

samples,

perhaps

onc

e a

second

or

perhaps

a

thousand

times a

second;

this

machine

may

be combined with an

analog-

to-digital

converter,

so

that

the

reporton

the

sample

is

digital

not

analog.

Digital

computers,

which

take

in

numerical,al-

phabetic,

or

o'ther

information

in

the

form

of

characters

or

patterns

of

yes-noes,

etc.,

perform

arithmetical

and

logical

operations,

are

controlled

by a

program,

and

pu

t 0 u t

.

information

in

any

form.

Digital-to-analog

converters,

which

will

take

in

digital

numbers and

give

out

a n a

log

measurements.

Facsimile

copying

equipment,

which s

can

s a

document

or

picture

with

a

phototube

1

in

e

by

line

and

reproduces

it

by making

little

dots

with

a moving

stylus

or

with

an

elec-

tric

current

through

electrosensitive

paper.

Flight

simulators,

which

will

take

insimulated

conditions

of

flight

in

airplanes,

and

the

actions

of

airplane

crew

members, and show

the

necessary

results,

all

for

purposes

of

training

airplane

crews.

Fire

control

equipment,

that

takes

in

indica-

tions

of

targets

from

optical

or

radarper-

ception

and

puts

out

directions

of

bearing

and

elevation

for

aiming

and

time

of

firing

for

guns,

according

to

a program

that

cal-

culates

motion

of

target,

motion

of

the

firing

vehicle,

properties

of

the

air,

etc.

File-searching

machines,

which

will

take

in

an

abstract

in

code

and

find

the

reference

al-

luded

to.

Game-playing

machines,

in

which

the

mac

h i

ne

will

play

a game

with

a human

being,

either

a

simple

game

such

as

tic-tac-toe

or

n i m

(which

have

been

buil

t

into

special

machines)

or

a more

complicated

game

such

as

checkers,

chess

or

billiards

(which have

been

pro-

grammed on

large

automatic

digital

computers.

Inventory

machines,

which

will

store

as

man

y

as

ten

thousand

totals

in

an

equal

numbe r

of

registers,

and

will

add

into,

s

ubtr

act

from,

clear,

and

report

the

contents

of

any

called-for

register

(these

machines

app

1 y

to

stock

control,

to

railroad

and

airline

reservations,

etc.).

Machine

tool

control

equipment,

which

takes

in

a program

of

instructions

equivalent

to

a

blueprint,

or

a

small

size

model,

or

the

pat-

tern

of

operations

of

an

expert

machinis

t ,

and

controls

a machine

tool

so

that

a

piece

of

material

is

shaped

exactly

in

accordance

with

the

program.

-

24

-

AUTOMATIC

OOMPl~ING

MACHINERY

Nav

igation

and

piloting

sys

terns, whi c h

will

take

in

star

pos i

tions,

time,

radio

be

a m

signals,

motion

of

the

air,

etc.,

and

de-

liver

steering

directions.

Printing

devices

of

high

speed,

which

will

take

in

punched

cards

or

magnetic

tape

and

put

out

printed

information

at

rates

from

600

to

2000

characters

per

second.

Punch

card

machines,

which

will

sort,

class

ify,

list,

total,

copy,

print,

and do

many

other

kinds

of

office

work.

Railway

signaling

equipment,

which

for

example

enables

a

large

railroad

terminal

to

sched-

ule

trains

in

and

out

every

20 seconds duriDJ

rus

h h

ours

wi

th

no

acc

idents

and almos t n 0

delays.

Reading

and

recognizing

machines,

which

sea

n

a

printed

figure

or

letter,

observe

a

pat-

tern

of

spots,

route

the

pattern

th

r 0 u

gh

classifying

circuits,

recognize

the

figure

or

letter,

and

activate

output

devices

ac-

cordingly.

Spectroscopic

analyzers,

which

will

vaporize

a

small

sample

of

material,

ana

1 y z e

its

spectrum,

and

report

the

presence

and

th

e

relative

quantities

of

the

chemical elements

in

it.

Strategy

machines,

which

enable

military

offi-

cers

in

training

to

play

war games and

test

strategies,

in

which

electronic

de

vic

e s

automatically

apply

attrition

rates

to

the

fighting

forces

being

used

in

the

gam

e ,

growth

rates

to

the

industrial

potential

of

-

the

two

sides,

etc.

Telemetering

transmitting

and

receiving

devices,

which

enable

a

weather

balloon

or

a

'guided

missile

to

transmit

information

detected

by

instruments

within

it

as

it

moves;

the

in-

formation

is

recorded

usually

on

magnetic

tape

in

such

fashion

that

it

can

late

r

'be

used

for

computing

purposes.

Telephone

equipment

including

switching,

which

enables

a

subscriber

to

dial

anothe

r s

ub-

scriber

and

get

connected

automatically.

Telephone

message

accounting

systems,

which

re-

cord

local

and

long

distance

telephone

calls,

assign

them

to

the

proper

subscriber's

ac-

count,

and compute and

print

the

telephone

bills.

Test-scoring

machines,

which

will

take

in

a

test

paper

completed

with

a

pencil

rna

kin

g

elec-

trically

conductive

marks,

and

will

give

out

the

score.

Toll

recording

equipment,

which

will

r e

cor

d,

check,

and summarize

tolls

for

bridges,high-

ways and

turnpikes.

Typing

machines

of

high

speed,

which

will

store

paragraphs,

and combine them

according

t 0

instructions

into

correspondence

0 r

form

let

ters,

stopping

and

waiting

for

man

u a 1

"fill-ins"

if

so

instructed.

(continued

on

page

30)

-25 -

Applied

to

the

design,

development

and

application

01

Digital

Computer

Techniques

Electronic Business Systems

Military

Radar

Fire

Control Systems

Aircraft Control and

Navigation Systems

The successful application

of

Hughes airborne digital computers to high

speed aircraft fire cOlltrol problems has

opened lip

lIll

entire new area for these

digital compllter techniques.

Similar equipment is

now

under development

in the

Advanced

Electronics Laboratory

to apply such digital

computer

systems

to

modern

business information handling.

LOGICAL

DESIGN

I

COMPONENT

DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMMING

Areas

include I

MAGNETIC

RECORDING

CIRCUIT

DESIGN

INPUT

&

OUTPUT

DEVICES

SYSTEMS

ANALYSIS

Hughes developments in these fields

are creating new positions in the

Advanced

Electronics Laboratory.

Exceptional

men

in the

fol/owing spheres 0/ endeavor

are invited to apply:

Engineers

-------f

and

Physicists

Computer

activities embrace systems planning

and analysis, design

and

development, system

engineering

and

component development. Experi-

ence in these areas. as well as in application

of

electronic digital computers.

is

desirable but

not

essential. Analytically inclined men with back-

grounds in systems work are required for this

phase.

SCientific

and

Engineering

Staff

Hughes

RESEARCH

AND

DEVELOPMENT

LABORATORIES

Culver

City,

Los

Angeles

County,

California

Assurance

is

required

that

relocation

of

the

applicant

will

not

cause

disruption

of

an

urgent

military

project.

PATENTS

Hans

Schroeder

Milwaukee,

Wisconsin

The

following

is

a

compilation

of

patents

pertaining

to

computers and

associated

equip-

ment from

the

Official

Gazette

of

the

United

States

Patent

Office,

dates

of

issue

as

indi-

cated.

Each

entry

consists

of:

patent

numberl

inventor(s)

1

assignee

1

invention.

August

3,

1954

(issue

now

received):

2,685,4071

A A Robinson, Scunthorpe, England 1 Natl Re-

search

Development Corp, London,

Eng

1 Multi-

plying

circuit

for

binary

numbers

2,685,409 1 F G S

English,

Chipstead,

and M

C P Hewitt, Workingham, England 1

Powers-

Samas

Accountg Machines, Ltd, London,

Eng

1

Machine

for

sensing

ferromagnetic

marks

on

statistical

record

cards

August 24, 1954: 2,687,474 1 W F Richmond,Jr,

Towson,

Md

1 Glenn L Martin

Co,

Middle

River,

Md

1

Integrating

circuit

using

vacuum

tubes

in

conjunction

with

an

R-C

circuit

2,687,492 1 C S Szegho and W 0 Reed, Chicago,

III

1 Rauland

Corp

1 Cathode ray type

signal

storage

tube comprising a two-sided t

arg

et

and

two

electron

guns

2,687,503 1 G M

Attura,

Levittown, N Y 1 Servo-

mechanisms,

Inc,

Mineola, N Y 1

Modulating

device

and

amplifier

for

electric

servo

sys-

tem

August 31. 1954: 2,687,850 1 D Gold,

Washing-

ton,

D C 1 -I Computer

for

determining

gun

aim

September

7,

1954: 2,688,440 1 J W

GraY,Whlte

Plains,

and E B Hales, Hawthorne, N

YI

Gen-

eral

Precision

Laboratory, Inc 1 E 1 e c t

ro-

mechanical

great

circle

computer

2,688,442 1 M E Droz,

New

York, NY, and

WRoth,

Cambridge,

Mass

1

USA,

Secy

of

the

Navy

1

Electromechanical computer

for

continuous

summation

of

vector

quantities

2,688,681 1 E Nyyssonen

(sic),

Watertown,Massl

USA

Secy

of

the

Air Force 1

Wirewound

po-

tentiometer,

resistance

of

which

varies

with

the

square

of

the

displacement

of

the

slider

2,688,695 1 A D

Odell,

Aldwych, London,

Eng

1

IntI

Standard

Electric

Corp, NY, N

Y/Elec-

trical

switching

circuit

using a

vacuum

tube

2,688,696 1 P E Reeves, Midland,

Mich

/ - 1

'Pulse

generating

circuit

2,688,697 1 J L Lawson, Schenectady, N

Y,

L B

Linford,

Belmont, Mass, and H L

Johnson,De~

ver,

Colo 1

USA,

Secy

of

the

Navy

1

Pulse

stretcher

circuit

2,688,.723 1 D T Kadushin, Brooklyn,

and

H

Kaplan,

New

York, N Y 1 Sperry Corp 1 Two-stage

mag-

netic

amplifier

2,688,724 ;. W H Newell,

Mount

Vernon,

NY/Sper-

ry

Corp / Magnetic

amplifier

2,688,739 1 R Hofgaard, Nordstrandshogda,

near

Os

1'0

,

Norway

1 - / Process and apparatus

for

the

code

recording

and

the

sens ing of d a t a

on

record

cards

having a metal

film

surface

September 14, 1954: 2,689,300 1 R M M

Oberman,

and A

Snijders,

The

Hague, Netherlands 1 -1

Voltage

interval

multiplier

2,689,301 1 A M

Skellett,

Madison, N J 1 Nat 1

Union

Radio Corp,

Newark,

N J 1 Cathode

ray

type

signal

storage

device

2,689,319 1 W W

Shannon~

Glenwood

Landing,R F

Redemske, Huntington

Bay

Hills,

and'G M At-

tura,

Levittown, N Y 1 Servomechanisms,

Inc,

Mineola, N Y 1 Servo system

2,689,320 1 J P

Aloisio,

Somerville,Massl

Ray-

theon

Mfg

Co,

Newton,

Mass

1

DC-motor

speed

control

system using

saturable

reactors

:0:

---------

:0:

---------

*

Forum

ASSEMBLY

LINE

CONTROL

BY

PUNCHED

CARDS

George

W.

Patterson

Burroughs

Corp.,

Paoli,

Pa.

To

the

Editor:

In

connection

with your

bibliography

on

automation,

YO,u

might

be

interested

in

the

in-

teresting

assembly-line

control

by

pun

c h e d

cards

which has been

installed

at

the

Au

s

tin

Motor

Company

in

England.

The

punched-c a r d

equipment

was

supplied

by

British

Tab u

lating

Machines,

Ltd.

Literature

references

are

as

follows:

''The Machine Takes Charge", publ

ish

ed

in

Scope, Magazine

for

Industry

for

Sep-

tember, 1952.

Creative

Journals

Ltd.,

9 Grosvenor

Street,

London, W.l, Eng.

"The

New

Technique Synchronizes Feeder

Conveyors

With

Main

Production Line

by

Punched Card

Control",

published

in

Mech-

anical

Handling.for

October, 1951.

The

Baynard

Press,

London

S.W.

9, Eng.

"A

Maj

or

Development

in

Conveyor Tech-

nique

and

Stock and Production Control",

published

in

The

Machinist

for

Septem-

ber

8,

1951. (Geo.

W.

King

Ltd.,

Hitch-

in,

Herts,

Eng.

source

of

reprint).

-

26

-

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-21 -

Forum

ALL-TRANSISTOR

COMPUTER

Neil Macdonald

New

York

On

October 7

in

Poughkeepsie,

N.

Y.,

In-

ternational

Business Machines

Corporation

ex-

hibi

ted

to

the

press

their

new

experime

n t

al

electronic

computer using

transistors.

The

transistor

computer

is

about

one

half

the

size

and

requires

only a

twentieth

of

the

power

of

a

simila

r

vacuum

tube compu t e

r.

The

new

computer

is

comparable

in

capacity

to

the

IBM

Type

604

electronic

computer (of which

over 2000

are

now

in

use).

The

speed of

the

new

machine

is

comparable

to

the

speed

of

the

Type

604.

The

experimental

engineering

model

is

believed

by

IBM

to

be

the

first

fully

oper-

ating

transistorized

computer having automatic

input

and

output.

It

contains

over 2200

tran-

sistors,

many

of

them

of

a

design

develo

pe d

by

the

IBM

engineers

to

meet

certain

operatlig

characteristics

required

in

computer

circuits.

A

transistor's

longer

life

than

a

vacuum

tube

is

another

expected

saving.

Printed

circuits

express

a

great

deal

of

the

wiring

of

the

transistorized

computer,and

it

contains

595

printed

wiring

panels.

Man y

of

them

show

in

the

accompanying photographs.

*.-----------------------------------------*-----------------------------------------*

Figure

1.

IBM's

new

experimental

transistorized

computer

is

composed

of

a high-speed punching

unit,

left,

and

the

transistorized

calculating

unit

at

right.

The

calculating

unit

is

uncovered

to

show

the

bank

of

printed

wiring

panels

on

which the

transistors

are

mounted.

-28 -

Figure

2.

This bank of

printed

wiri

ng

panels

in

IBM's

experimental

"all-transis-

tor"

computer

replaces

much

of

thewiring

required

for

the

computing

circuits

of

conventional

computers.

Mounted

on

t~

panels

are

many

of

the

more

than

2,2

00

transistors

used

in'the

machine.

FORUM

-29 -

Figure

3.

These

printed

wIrIng

panels,

used

in

IBM's

experimental

transistor

computer

to

s impl

ify

produc

ti

on

and

maintenance,

also

reduce space

~quired.

Devices mounted

on

the

panel held

in

the

hand

incl

ude

trans

istors

(at

the extreme

left),

diodes,

and

resistors.

The

model

contains

595

of

these

panels.

Konrad

Zuse,

Germany

POSTER

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

(continued

from

page

19)

Kreis Htinfeld

No.

69,

Neukirche

n,

COMPUTERS

IN

GREAT

BRITAIN

(continued

f~om

page

8)

we

have been

privileged

to

lead

the

way.

Electronic

digital

computers.

Has

Model

IV

and

V computers. Ss(90)

Dc

RMSa

made

Zuse

Se

(1949)

Speaking

personally

for

a

moment,

I have

been impressed

by

the

warmth

of

the

personal

friendships

on

both

sides

of

the

Atlantic,and

across

the

Atlantic,

that

have

grown

up

within

this

computing

fraternity.

The

only

regr

e t

that

can be expressed

is

that

the

Atlantic

is

so wide.

-

END

-

*-----------------------*------------------------*

AUTOMATIC

COMPUTING

MACHINERY

(continued

from

page

25)

Vending machines, which

will

accept

different

coins,

make

change, give out

coffee,

soft

drinks,

sandwiches, candy,

stockings,

and

a

host

of

other

articles,

or

else

allow

somebody

to

play a

game

for

a

certain

num-

ber

of

plays,

etc.

-

END

-

-00-

*----------------------------------------------------------*-----------------------------------------------------*

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Read

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instructions

on

page

2

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Managing

editor

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nQlle

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owner

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corporation,

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and

address

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percent

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more

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stock.

If

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If

owned

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name

and

address,

as

well

as

that

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each

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member,

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Name Address

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Q~

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___

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..

_.

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_______

._3p

__

!!~§]

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11_Jtt;_~~

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Nm!

__

X'Qr&

__

.l.l~.-N.aY

....

------

3.

The

known

bondholders,

mortgagees,

and

other

security

holders

owning

or

holding 1

percent

or

more

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total

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bonds,

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or

other

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are:

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are

none,

so

state.)

Name Address

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"

..

none.

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_________

....

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______

._._

4.

Paragraphs

2

and

3 include,

in

eases

where

the

stockholder

or

security

holder

appears

upon

the

books

of

the

company

as

trustee

or

in

any

other

fiduciary

relation,

the

name

of

the

person

or

corporation

for

whom

such

trustee

is

acting;

also

the

statements

in

the

two

paragraphs

show

the

affiant's

full

knowledge

and

belief

as

to

the

circumstances

and

conditions

under

which

stockholders

and

security

holders

who

do

not

appear

upon

the

books

of

the

company

as

trustees,

h~ld

stock

and

secu-

rities

in

a capacity'

other

than

that

of

a

bona

fide

owner.

5.

The

average

number

of

copies

of

each

issue

of

this

publication

sold

or

distributed,

through

the

mails

or

otherwise,

to

paid

subscribers

during

the

12

months

preceding

the

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shown above

was:

(This

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daily,

weekly; semiweekly,

and

triweekly

newspapers

only.)

___

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_~

_________________________

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~~C_~'

------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------

(ShrnBture

of

editor,

publisher.

bUlln.s.

manager,

owner)

Sworn

to

and

subscribed

before

me

this

--------'-~~

____

••

_.

__

~day

of

•

______

~_~.P~_~R_~_~

___

.

_________

.

___

.,

19

__

~

[SEAL]

_____

.

________

l_~Ang._g.Q}t~JL

_____

...

___

..

____

... ,

____

.

___

~

_____________

_

Notary

Fubl1o,Stateof"

New

York, No.

24-57~9800

(My

commission

expires

••••

_MAI'~tL~Q

___

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____

•

19~_.)

-30

andersen

SOLID'

ULTRA-SONIC

DELAY

LINES

Andersen

engineers

will

be

glad

to design

delay

lines

to

meet

your

specifications,

or

assist you with special research.

Andersen solid ultrasonic

delay

lines

offer

proven

advantages

for

pulse

storage

in

digital computers

and

special instruments.

DELAY

TIMES:

1

to

3300

microseconds.

BANDWIDTHS:

Up

to

100%

of

the carrier frequency

in

some cases.

INSERTION

LOSSES:

Usually specified

between

25

and

60

db.

CARRIER

FREQUENCIES:

From

5 to

70

mc.

Specifications for a typical computer line,

in

production:

384.6

microseconds

delay;

30

mc.

carrier, with 7

mc.

bandwidth;

insertion

loss

48

db,

with all spurious signals down

at

least

34

db

with

respect to desired signals.

Do

you

have

a problem

in

ultrasonics? Write

today

for new bulletin

on solid ultrasonic

delay

lines.

39-C Talcott Road

WEST

HARTFORD 10, CONN.

Phone

ADams

3-4491

*----------------------------------------------- * -------------------------------------------- •

-31-

PUBLICATIONS:

Symbolic

Logic,

Computers,

Robots,

etc.

DRIEF -FILLED

WITH

INFORMATION

-

CLEAR

-

SCIENTIFIC

-

RETURNABLE

W ITIUN

WEEK

FOR

FULL

REFUND

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can

see

them

for

the

asking

--

Why

not

take

a look

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them?

P 5:

BOOLEAN

M..GEBRA

(THE

lECHNIQUE

FOR

MANIPULAT~

ING

'AND', 'OR', 'NOT',

AND

CONDITIONS)

AND

APPLI-

CATIONS

TO

INSURANCE:

also

DISCUSSION.

Reprint

•.

Explains

in

simple language: what Boolean

algebra

is;

how

to

recognize

the

relations

of

Boruean

alge-

bra

when

expressed

in

ordinary

words; a nd

how

to

calculate

with

it.

Contains problems,

solutions,

comments,

discussion.

•

••••

$1.50

P 4: A

SUMMARY

OF

SYMBOLIC

LOGIC

AND

ITS

PRACTICAL

APPLICATIONS.

Report.

Rules

for

calculating

with

Boolean

algebra.'

Other

parts

of symbolic

log

i c."

Applications

of

Boolean

algebra

to

computing

mach-

inery,

circuits,

and

contracts.

Many

complete

problems

and

solutions.

•

••••

$2.00

P 14:

CIRCUIT

ALGEBRA

--

INmODUCTION.

Report.

Explains simply a

new

algebra

(Boolean

algeb

r a

modified

to

include

time)

that

applies

to

on-off

circuits,_using

relays,

electronic

tubes,

rectifi-

ers,

gates,

flip-flops,

delay

lines,

etc.

Covers

both

static

and

sequential

circuits.

Applications

to

control,

programming,

and

computing. Problems

and

solutions

involving

circuits.

•

••••

$1.90

-------------------------------------------------

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

and

Associates

815 Washington

St.,

RI05,

Newtonville 60, Mass.

Please

send

me

your

publications

circled

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-

32

-

Mathematical

Analyst

Keith Kersery loads

jet transport flutter problem into one

of

Lockheed's two

701

'so

On order: two

704's to help keep Lockheed in fore-

front

of

numerical analysis and pro-

duction control data processing.

New

701's

speed

Lockheed

research

in

numerical

analysis

The

first

airframe

manufacturer

to order and receive a

701

digital

computer, Lockheed has now received a second

701

to handle a constantly increasing computing work load.

It

gives Lockheed the largest installation of digital computing

machines in private industry.

Most of the work in process

is

classified. However, two significant

features to the career-minded Mathematical Analyst are:

1)

the

wide variety of assignments caused by Lockheed's diversification

and

2)

the advanced nature of the work, which consists mainly

of developing new approaches to aeronautical problems.

Career

Opportunities

for

Mathematical

Analysts

Lockheed's expanding development program in nuclear energy,

turbo-prop and jet transports, radar

sem-ch

planes, supersonic aircraft

and other classified projects has created a number

of

openings for

Mathematical Analysts

to

work on the 701'8.

Lockheed offers you attractive salaries; generous travel and moving

allowances; an opportunity to enjoy Southern California life; and an

extremely wide range of employee benefits which add approximately

14% to each engineer's salary in the form of insurance,

retirement pension,

siCk

leave with pay, etc.

Those interested are invited to write E. W. Des Lauriers for a brochure

describing life and work

at

Lockheed and an application form.

LOC

K H E

ED

A

IRe

R

AFT

COR

PO

RAT

ION

BURBANK

CALIFORNIA

-33 -

COMPUTERS

AND

AUT,O.M,ATION-

Back

Copies

&

Reprints

ARTICLES:

March.

1953:

Gypsy,

Model

VI,

Clau

d e

Shannon,

Nimwit,

and

the

Mouse

--

George

A.W.

Boehm

Water

and

Computers -

Henry

M.

Paynter,

Jr.,

Mass.

Inst.

of

Technology, and Neil

Macdonald

The

Concept of Automation

--

E.C.

Berkeley

The

ERA

1103

Automatic

Computer

--

Neil

Macdonald

April:

The

Art of Solving Secret Ciphers,

and

the

Digital

Computer

--

Fletcher

Pratt

Avenues

for

Future Developmen t

in

Com

pu

ti

n g

Machinery

--

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

Hungarian Prelude to

Automation

-

Gene

J.

Hegedus

Ms,I.:Compiling Routines

--

Grace

M.

Hopper, R em-

ington

Rand

Mechanical

Translation

-

Andrew

D.Booth, Birk-

beck College,

London

Medical Diagnosis -Marshall Stone, University

of Chicago

July:

Machine

Translation

--

Y.

Bar-Billel,

Mass.

Inst.

of Technology

Robot

Traffic

Pol

icem e n - George,

A.

W.

Boeh

m

How

to

Talk

About

Computers

-Rudolf

Flesc

h,

Author of "Art of

Plain

Talk"

September:

The

Soviet

Union:

Automatic Dig i

tal

Computer

Research -

Tommaso

Fortuna

Digital

Computer

Questionnaire

--

La

wrenc

e

Wainwright

"How

to

Talk

About

Computers": Discussion

--

G.

Hawley

and

Others .

October: Computers

in

the Factory

--

David

W.

Brown

The

Flood of Automatic

Computers

--

Neil

Macdonald

The

Meeting of the

Association

for

Computing

Machinery

in

Cambridge,

Mass.,

September,

1953

-E.

C.

Berkeley

November:

Who

Will

Man

the

New

Digital

Computers?

--

John

W.

Carr

III

Electronic

Equipment Applied

to

Periodic

Bill-

ing

--

E.

F. Cooley

Air-Floating: A

New

Principle

in

Magneti c

Re-

cording of Information -Glenn E.

Hagen

December:

How

a Central

Computing

Laborarory

Ca

n

Help Industry

-~

Richard F. Clippinger

"Combined"

Operations

in

a Life Insurance

Com-

pany

Instead of

'~ractured"

Operations -

R.

T.

Wiseman

"Can

Machines Think?": Discussion

--

J.L.Rogers

and

A.

S. Householder

January. 1954:

The

End

of

an

Epoch:

The

Joi

n t

Computer

Conference, Washington,

D.

C.,

De

c-

ember,

1953

--

Alston S. Householder

Savings

and

Mortgage Division,

American

Bankers

Association: Report of

the

Committee

on

Elec-

tronics,

September, 1953

--

Joseph

E.

Pe

r r y

and

Others

AutomatioR

in

the Kitchen

--

Fletcher

Pratt

February:

Language

Translation

by

Machine: A

Re-

port

of the

First

Successful

Trial

--

N e i 1

Macdonald

Reflec

ti

ve

Thinking

in

Machines

--

Ell

i 0 t L.

Gruenberg

'Glossary of

Terms

in

Computers

and

Automation:

Discussion -Alston S. Householder

and

E.

C.

Berkeley

March:

Towards

More

Automation

in

Petroleum

In-

--dustries

--

Sybil

M.

Rock

Introduc.irJJ

CanIllters to Beginners

--

Geoffrey

Ashe

Subroutines:

Prefabricated

Blocks

for

Building

--

Margaret

H.

Harper

Glossaries

o~

Terms:

More

Discussion

--

Nath-

aniei

Rochester,. Willis

H.

Ware,

Grace

M.

Hopper

and

Others

.&!ill:

Processing Information Using a Common

Machine

Language:

The

American

~anagement

Association Conference, February,

1954

Neil

Macdonald

The

Concept of Thinking -

Elliot

L. Gruenberg

General Purpose Robots

--

Lawrence

M.

Clark

May:

Ferrite

Memory

Devices

--

Ephraim GelbaIdmd

William

01

ander

Flight

Simulators

--

Alfred

Pfanstiehl

Autonomy

and

Self

Repair

for

Computers

--

Elliot

L. Gruenberg

A Glossary of

Computer

Terminology -

Grace

M.

Hopper

July:

Human

Factors

in

the

Des

i g n of

Electronic

Computers -John Bridgewater

What

is

a Computer?

~-

Neil

Macdonald

September:

Computer

Failures

--

Autcrnatic

Internal

Diagnosis

(AID)

--

Neil

Macdonald

The

Cos

t of

Programming

and

C<x:Ii.ng

--

C.C.

Got!

ieb

The

Development

and

Use

of

Automation

by

Fo

r d

Motor

Co.

--

News

Dept., Ford Motor

Co.

Reciprocals

--

A.

D.

Booth

October:

Flight

Simulators: A

New

Field

-Al-

fred

Pfanstiehl

Robots I

Have

Known

--

Isaac

Asimov

The

Capacity of Computers

Not

to

Think

--Irving

Rosenthal, John

H.

Troll

REFERENCE

INFORMATION

(in

various

issues):

Roster of Organizations

in

tle

Field

of

Computers

and

Automation / Roster of Automatic

Canputing

Services /

Roster'of

Magazines Relatedto

Com-

puters

and

Automation /

List

of Auto

mat

i c

Computers / Automatic

Computing

Machinery

--

List

of

Types

/

Who's

Who

in

the

Fie

1 d 0 f

Computers

and

AutomatiDn

/ Automation

--List

of Outstanding

Examples

/

Book

sand

Oth e r

Publications

/ Glossary /

Patents

Price

of back copies,

if

available,

$1.25 each.

A

subscription

(see

rates

on

page

4)

may

be

spec-

ified

to

begin with

any

issue

from

Oct.,

1954,

to

date.

REPRINTS:

Index

No.1

(from December, 1953,issuw

-

20

cents

-34 -

Glossary

of

Terms

in

the

Field

of

Computers

and

Automation (from

three

1953

issues)

--

60

cents

MUTE

TO:

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

and

Associates

Publishers of

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

36

West

11

St.,

New

York

11,

N.

Y.

First

so-called

"giant

brain"

on

the

market-first

in large-scale production

-first

·electronic computing system to

satisfy

the

diverse needs of business

management-it's

the

Remington Rand

Univac, acknowledged

leader

of

the

electronic computing field.

Univac

is

the

only system

with

ex-

clusive self -checking features which

ensure complete reliability

and

accu-

racy, handling alphabetic

and

numeric

data

with

equal

ease.

N ow

that

the

amazing

speed

of elec-

tronic computing has

been

made

prac-

tical

for

commercial

use,

Univac

is

being

put

to such down-to-earth, every-

day tasks as turning

out

payrolls

and

controlling inventories.

For

these,

and

its many other uses, Univac is the logi-

cal choice of such users as General

Electric, Franklin Life, Metropolitan

Life,

the

National

Tube

Division

of

U.

S.

Steel,

and

many

governmental

agencies.

And

your

company

too-large

or

small-may

well profit from

Univac-if

not

through

purchase,

then

through

lease of

equipment

or

use of

our

s~rv

ices.

For

further

information, write. to

Room 2184, Remington

Rand

Inc.

ELECTRONIC COMPUTER DEPARTMENT,

B~",;n9'!!p-

Band

315

FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 10, N. Y.

-35-

ADVERTISING

IN

~~COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION~~

'Iemorandum from Edmund C. Ber!<.eley

and

Associates

Publishers

of

CO~IPUTEnS

AND

AUTO"ATION

36 West

11

St.,

New

York

II,

N.

Y.

1.

What

is

"mMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION"?

It

is

a monthly magazine

containing

articles

and

,ref-

erence

information

computing mach-

inery~

robots,

automatic

controllers,

cyber-

netics,

automation,

etc.

One

important

piece

of

refererice

information

published

is

the

"Ros-

ter

of

Organizations

in

the

Field

of

Computers

and Automation".

The

basic

subscription

rate

is

$4.50

a

year

in

the

United

States.

Single

copies

are

$1.25.

The

magazine

was

published

monthly except June and August between March,

1953,

and

September, 1954;

prior

to

March

1953

it

was

called

''The Computing Machinery

Field"

and

published

less

often

than fen times a year.

2.

What

is

the

circulation?

The

circulation

incl

udes 1200

subscribers

(as of

Aug.

3);

over

300

purchasers

of

individual

back

copies;

and

an

estimated

1500 nonsubscribing

readers.

The

logical

readeJ;s

of

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMAT

10 N

are

some

3500

or

4000 people concerned

with

the

field.

of computers

and

automation.

These

inclucE

a

great

number

of people

who

will

make

recom-

mendations

to

their

organizations

abou

t

pur-

chasing computing machinery,

similar

machinery,

and components,

and

whose

decisions

may

involve

very

substantial

figures.

The

print

order

for

the

Nov.

issue

was

2000

copies.

The

overrun

is

largely

held

for

eventual

sale

as back

cop-

"ies,

and

in

the case of

several

issues

the OVEr-

run has been exhausted through such

sale.

A

mailing to

some

2000

nonsubscribers

in

Decem-

ber,

1953

(wi

th

173 responses

up

to

March,

1954)

indicated

that

two-thirds

of

them

saw

the

mag-

azine

(library,

circulation,

or

friend's

copp

and

of

these

two-thirds

over

93;10

"1

iked

it".

3.

What

type of

advertising

does

COM

PUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

take?

The

purpose of

the

mag-

azine

is

to

be

factual"and

to

the

point.

For

this

purpose

the

kind

of

advertising

wanted

is

the

kind

that

answers

questions

factually.

We

recommend

for

the

audience

that

we

reach,that

advertising

be

factual,

u~eftil,

iriteresting,

understandable,

and

new

from

issue

to

issue.

4.

What

are

the

specifications

and

cos

t

of

advertising?

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

is pub-

lished

on

pages

8~"

x 11"

(ad

size,

7"xlO")

and

produced

by

photooffset,

except

that

print-

ed

sheet

advertising

may

be

inserted

and

bound

in

with the magazine

in

most

cases.

The

clos-

ing

date

for

any

issue

is

approxima

tel

y

the

. 10th of the

month

preceding.

If

possible,

the

company

advertising

should produce finru copy.

For

photooffset,

the

copy

should

be

exa

c t 1 y

as

desired,

actual

size,

and

assembled,'

and

may

include

typing,

writing,

line

drawi

ng,

printi

ng, screened

half

tones,

and any 0 t

her

copy

that

may

be

put under

the

photo

off

set

camera

without

further

preparation.

Unscreened

photographic

prints

and

any

other

copy

requir-

ing

additional

preparation

for

photooffs

e t

should be

furnished

separately;

itwill

be

pre-

pared,

finished,

and charged

to

the

~dvertiser

at

small addi

tional

costs.

In

the

cas

e

of

printed

inserts,

a

sufficient

quantity

for

the

issue

should

be

shipped

to

our

printer,

address

on

request.

Display

advertising

is

sold

in

unit

s

of

full

pages (ad

size

7"

by

10",

basi

c

rate,

$130)

and

half

pages

(basic

rate.

$70);

ba

c k

cover,

$250;

inside

front

or

back

cover,

$160.

Extra

for

color

red

(ftill

pages only and only

in

cer-

tain

positions),

35%.

TWo-page

printed

insert

(one

sheet),

$220;

four-page

printed

insert

(two

sheets)

,$400.

Classified

advertising

is

sold

by

the

word

(40

cents

a

word)

with a min-

imum

of

ten

words.

We

reserve

the

righ

t no t

to

accept

advertising

that

does

not

meet 0 u r

standards.

5.

Rate Change.

Commencing

January

1.

1955,

the

basic

rate

(full

page)

will

change

to

$170,

and

other

rates

will

change

accordingly.

The

new

rates

will

apply

to

advertising

contracts

received

after

December

1;

the

old

rates

will

apply

until

March

1

to

advertising

contracts

received

before

December

1.

6.

Who

are

our

advertisers?

Our

advertisers

in

recent

issues

have

included

the

following

companies,

among

others:

-

36-

The

Austin

Co.

Automatic

Electric

Co.

Burroughs

Corporation

Consolidated

Engineering Corp.

Electronic

Associates,

Inc.

Federal

Telephone

and

Radio Co.

Ferranti

Electric

Co.

Ferroxcube Corp.

of

America

General Ceramics Corp.

Hughes

Research and Development Lab.

International

Business Machines Corp.

Ketay Manufacturing

Co.

Laboratory

for

Electronics

Lockheed

Aircraft

Corp.

Logistics

Research,

Inc.

The

Macmillan Co.

Monrobot Corp.

Potter

Instrument

Co

•

Raytheon

Mfg.

Co.

Reeves Instrument

Co.

Remington Rand,

Inc.

Sprague

Electric

Co.

Sylvania

Electric

Products,

Inc.

Telecomputing Corp.

*------------------------------------------------*---------------------------------------------- •

.

Control

devices

that

supervise processes,

make

computations

based

on

process conditions,

and

adjust

the

process

according

to

the

computations.

The

computing

sections

of

Austin

Computrols

can

be

analog

or

digital.

Computrols

are

designed

for

specific

applications

using

Austin

Standard

Components

alone

or

combined

with

specially designed units.

They

provide

a

new

degree

of

automatic

control,

promising

additional

dividends

in

the

form

of

more

product

at

less cost

over

present

control

methods.

Automation

is

the

business

of

the'

Austin

Special Devices Division.

Austin

engineers

are

trained

and

experienced

in

the

fields

of

mechanical,

electrical,

and

electronic

engineering.

The

Division

can

provide

specialized

engineering

service

in

all

types

of

construction,

in-plant

labor

saving

sur- .

veys,

reports,

systems

engineering,

development,

and

manufacture

to

sup-

plement

Computrol

applications

in

your

operation.

Austin Engineers are

available

for special problems

in

automa-

tion systems,

computers~

and

automatic

data

processing, plotting, and

recording.

*

COMPLETE

INTEGRATED

SYSTEMS

*

DIGITAL

OR

ANALOG

COMPUTATION

*

CONTINUOUS,

INTERMITTENT,

OR

IRREGULAR

OPERATION

*

OUTSTANDING

ACCURACY

AND

RELIABILITY

*

COORDINATED

ENGINEERING

SERVICE

THE

AUSTIN

COMPANY

m SPECIAL DEVICES

DIVISION

'

76

NINTH AVENUE

AU,flN

""HOD

NEW

YORK

11,

N.

Y.

-37 -

ADVERTISING INDEX

--

NOVEMBER,

1954

The

purpose

of

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

is

to

be

factual,

useful,

and

understandable.

For

this

purpose,

the

kind of

advertising

we

de-

sire

to

publish

is

the

kind

that

answers ques-

tions,

such

as,

What

are

your products?

What

are

your

services?

And

for'each

product,

What

is

it

called?

What

does

it

do?

How

well

does

it

work?

What

are

its

main

specHi

cat

ions?

We

reserve

the

right

not

to

accept

advertis

-

ing

that

does not meet our

standards.

Following

is

the

index

and

a

summary

of adver-

tisements.

Eachi

tem

contains:

nare

and

address

of

the

advertiser

/

subject

of

the

advertise-

ment / page

number

where

it

appears /

CA

num-

ber

in

case

of

inquiry

(see note below).

Andersen

Laboratories,

Inc.,

39-C

Talcott

Rd.,

West

Hartford 10,

Conn.

/

Solid

Ultrasonic

Delay Lines

/page

31

/

CA

No.

93

The

Austin Co.,

76

Ninth Ave.,

New

York

11,

N.

~

/ Computrols / page

37

/

CA

No.

94

Automatic

Electric

Co., 1033

West

Van

Buren

St.,

Chicago,

Ill.

/

New

Polar

Relay / page 2 /

CA

No.

95

Computer Control Co.,

Inc.,

106 Concord Ave.,

Belmont, Mass. / Computers

and

Components

/

page

31

/

CA

No.

96

Computers

and

Automation, 36

West

11th

St.

,

N:w

York

11,

N.

Y.

/

Back

Copies,

Adverti-

slng,_Reply

Form

/ pages 34, 36,

38

/

CA

No.9,

.

'Edmund

C.

Berkeley &

Associates,

815 Washing-

ton

St.,

Newtonville 60, Mass. / Publicatiom

/ page

32

/

CA

No.

98

Monrobot Corporation, Morris

Plains,

N.

J.

/

Monrobot Computer / page

39

/

CA

No.

102

Raytheon

Mfg.

Co., Foundry Ave., Waltham,

Mas~

/ Magnetic

Shift

Register

/ page

32

/

CA

No.

103 •

Remington Rand,

Inc.,

315

4th

Ave.,

New

York

10,

N.

Y.

/ Univac / page

35

/

CA

No.

104

Sprague

Electric

Co.,

377

Marshall

St.,

North

Adams,

Mass. /

Wire-Wound

Resistors;

Pulse

Transformers / pages 27, 40, back

cover

/

CA

No.

105

Sylvania

Electric

Products,

Inc.,

1740 Broad-

way,

New

York 19,

N.Y.

/

Type

T-l

Diodes /

page 5 /

CA

No.

106

If

you

wish

more

information about

any

of

the

products

or

services

mentioned

in

one

or

more

of

these

advertisements,

you

may

circle

the

appropriate

CA

No.

's

on

the

Reader's

Inquiry

Form

(see page 32) and send

that

form

to

us

(we

pay

postage;

see

the

instructions).

We

shall

then

forward your

inquiries,

and

you

will

hear from

the

advertisers

direct.

*---------------------------------------- *

---------------------------------------

*

REPLY

FORMS:

Who's

Who

Entry;

Reader's

Inquiry

Paste

label

on

envelope:~

Enclose

form

in

evelope:!

~

- -

-------

--

--~

-·-lrDENi'ITICATION----

~---~-

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C

I

I Nome (please p'in.) .............................................................................................. ,

~~:::;:O.i~~{~~d~:~:~)~:::::::::::::::::

)

Please

fill

ir.

completely

\110

'S

WHO

ENTRY

FORM

MAIN INTERESTS:

( ) Design

( ) Construction

( )

Applications

)

Sales

) Electronics

)

Mathematics

) Business

Year

of

Birth? ................ .

( )

Programming

( )

Other

(specify):

College

or

last

school

? ............................................................................................................... : .......... .

Year

of

entering

the

computing

machinery

field ? ........................................................................ .

Occupation?

...

___________

..

______

.

_______________

._

.. _ ..

______

._

..

_____

.

__

....

___

._._

..

____

....

_._...

(Enclose

more

. Info,rmation

about

yourself

if

you

wish -it will

help

in-

your

listing.)

READER'S

INQUIRY

FORM

Please

send

me

additi~n~1

informatfon

on

the

following

subl~cts

for

which I

have

circled

the

CA

number:

'~!

1 2 3 4 5

26

'0

28 29

30

51

52

53

54 55

76 77 78

79

80

101

102

103

104

105

126

1'0

128 129

130

6 7 8 9

10

31

32 33

34

35

56 57

58

59

60

81

82

83

84 85

106 107

108

109

110

131

132

133

134 135

11

12

13

14 15

36

37

38

39

40

61

62

63

64

65

86 87 88 89

90

111

112

113

114 115

136

137138

139

140

16

17

18 19

20

41

42

43

44 45

66

67

68

69

70

91

92 93 94

95

116

117

118119

120

141

142143

144

145

21

22

23 24

25

46 47

4849

50

71

72

73

74 75

96

97 98

99

100

121

122 123 124

125 146

147 148 149

150

t

___________

_

__

---'------

- - -------- -

--

----~----

-

38

-

~NROBOT

ELECTRONIC

CALCULATOR

The

MONROBOT

is

a

general

purpose

digital

computer,

compact,

ruggedized,

reliable

and

reasonably

priced.

In

the

MONROBOT,

decimal

numbers

are

used.

Since

twenty

digits

are

available,

with

a

centrally

located

decimal

point,

there

is

no

need

for

scaling

or

setting

of

decimal

point.

Neither

overflow

nor

translation

techniques

are

necessary.

Orders

are

wri

tten

-for

the

calculator

in

virtually

their

original

algebraic

form.

Neither

highly

trained

personnel

nor

extensive

training

effort

are

needed

for

the

MONROBOT.

Keyboard

and

automatic

tape

operations

are

counterparts

of

the

simple

programming

procedures.

Average

office

personnel

become

familiar

with

MONROBOT

operation

the

first

day.

It

prints

out

results

on

8-1/2"

wide

paper

roll,

or

perforates

a

paper

tape

as

desired.

MONROBOT

V

is

complete

in

one

desk-size

unit,

ready

to

plug

in

and

perform.

MONROBOTS

can

be

supplied

with

capacities

to

suit

special

requirements,

avoiding

excess

investment

for

unnecessary

facilities.

MONROBOT

CORPORATION

MORRIS

PLAINS

NEW

JERSEY_

A

SUBSIDIARY

OF

MONROE

CALCULATING

MACHINE

COMPANY

-

39

-

As a new li'ne

of

reliable components for

digital computers, Sprague ,has

introduced

and

is

in

production

on

pulse ' transformers

of

a new type.

This

transformer

line is prin-

cipally directed to

high

speed, low

power

computer circuits,

with

some designs also

finding application

in

blocking oscillator

circuits, memory

ring

drivingdrcuits,

etc.

Two

major

types are offered: a miniature

transformer,

Type

10Z,

for

0.05

to

0.5

microsecond pulse circuits,.

and

a

larger

transformer,

Type

20Z,

for

handling

pulses

up

to 20 microseconds

in

length.

Inter-

mediate sizes

and

plug-in units are also avail-

able

for

special customer requirements.

Basic

data

on

the

high

reliability min-

iature

tr~nsformer

is

tabulated

at

right.

Complete details are

in

Engineering

Bul-

letin

M 502. A copy will be sent you

on

letterhead request

to

the

Sprague Electric

Company,

377

Marshall

Street,

North

Adams, Massachusetts.

BASIC

CHARACTERISTICS

OF

TYPE

lOZ

PULSE

TRANSFORMERS

Pulse

.OS

to

O.S

microseconds.

Duration

,

flipflop

circuits

•

buffer

circuits

Applications

pulse

amplifier

circuits·

gating

cir-

cuits

•

other

circuits

with

pulse

lengths

up

to

about

O.S

microseconds.

Hermetically

sealed.

Housed

in

cor

·

rosion-resistant

can

with

glass-to-

Physical

metal

solder-seal

terminals

at

each

end.

Can

length

is

JA"

and

diameter

Description

is

1f2".

Transformers

can

be

mounted

and

supported

by

lead

wires

in

most

appl

ications.

Ratio

1:1

-

Cat-No.

lOZ3

Ratio

2:1-

Cat.

No.

10ZS

Ratios

Ratio

3:1

-

Cat.

No.

10Z4

Offered

Ratio

4:1

-

Cat.

No.

10Z2

Ratio

S:1

-

Cat.

No.

lOll

Special

Ratios

Available

,

Maximum

Fora

pulse

length

of

0.1

microsec·

Repetition

ond,

pulse

repetition

rates

up

to

2

Rate

megacycles

per

second

can

be

em-

ployed.

Pulse

Normally

used

in

circuits

whose

pulse

Amplitude

amplitude

varies

up

to

60

volts.

Maximum

working

voltage,

300VDC.

D-C

Flash

tested

between

windings

at

Rating

600VDC.

May

be

life

tested

at

4S0

VDC

between

windings,

8SoC,

for2S0

hours.

May

be

operated

between

-SsoC

and

Temperature

+8SoC.

Higher

temperature

units

available

on

request.

Insulation

20,000

megohms

minimum

between

Resistance

windings,

measured

at

2S0C

and

180

Volts

DC.

WORLD'S

LARGEST

S P R n G U E

CAPACITOR

MANUFACTURER

. H

195411

195411 195411

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