196107

196107 196107

User Manual: 196107

Open the PDF directly: View PDF .
Page Count: 48

Download
Open PDF In Browser	View PDF

"Open Shop" Programming Speeds Research and Production
Automa"
The Trouble 'It'
The Cc ~

JULY
1961

•
VOL.

10 - NO. 7

"'''~ching

' . Compilers

.._-----

. -tv

I

I

TQ THE ENGINEER

who needs the magic of mercury

AE

CAN
D~O

If you're stymied by switching problems in
data processing, automatic control or highspeed keying, then consider the unusual
attributes of AE's Series V51 mercurywetted contact relay.
This fleet switcher can be driven at speeds up to
100 operations per second, completely free from
contact bounce. It requires no maintenance within
its life of over a billion transfers. The contacts
can switch dry circuits or handle loads up to 250
volt·amperes. Operate and release time is approximately 3 milliseconds.

Contact and armature assemblies of the V51
are hermetically sealed in a glass capsule
with a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere.
Mercury wetting continuously renews the
contacts, eliminates wear, erosion, welding
and sticking. Operating sensitivity is 250
milliwatts, minimum.
AE engineers will be glad to aid in applying
the V51 to your designs. Ask for Circular
1988 covering full specs on the V51. Write
the Director, Control Equipment Sales, Automatic Electric, Northlake, Illinois.

AUTOMATIO ELECTRIO
Subsidiary of

'. ~:~ OlNFRJlPTELEPHONE & ELECTRONICS

.Alli
2

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

CON:

l11klin,
Regu\.n in-

YOU CAN SPREAD ACOMPUTER
ALL

Park,
N. Y.
1.,

OVER
THE
MAP!

Pa.

Del, /

ImpIe·
~rnon,

, New
)inary
TisOll,
Iy the
se reting.
'}ushYork,
York,
d apwyne,
and
perry
phase
Cam·
Lab.,
; core
Ger.
; sigignal

.ville,
: syswork

inna·
unty,
own,
r the
l1ized

Tex.
Tex.
ana·
stan,
vIass.
stan,

8 /

toga

s. /
ages
Llter

3 /

9 /
lrY,
1. /

1961

NOW ... company-wide data processing integrated into
one efficient systenl. A Phil co 2000 electronic data processing system at headquarters is tied through a Philco Data
Link system, using Philco Microwave or leased lines, to
remote Philco input-output' systems. Data from remote
stations as well as local computer inputs are coordinated
and pre-processed by a Philco 2400 Data Handling System
to produce new heights of computer efficiency.
For more complete information write:

PH lorI LCD.".
[P~I

yanwmJ

~ t/ze 2//orilt (!)lICr

PHILCO DATA LINK SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS
Inputs: any combination of
data link and local inputs.
Checking: matrix parity on each
variable·length message.
Transmission direct between
core storage memories;
stored program correction
of transmission error.
Direct conversion between any two
devices and code formats.
Data rates: up to 1 million bits
per second.

®

PHILCO CORPORATION • GOVERNMENT & INDUSTRIAL GROUP • COMPUTER DIVISION, 3900 WELSH ROAD. WILLOW GROVE. PA.

N]

COMPUTERS

RA

atld AUTOMATION

Ford
Corp.

COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSORS, AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION,
APPLICATIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS, INCLUDING AUTOMATION
Volume 10
Number 7

Established
September 1951

JULY, 1961

EDMUND C. BERKELEY
NEIL D. MACDONALD
MOSES M. BERLIN
PATRICK J. MCGOVERN,
BARRY F. SHEPPARD

Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant

Editor
Editor
Editor
Editor
Editor

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
ANDREW D. BOOTH
NED CHAPIN
JOHN W. CARR, III
ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER
. ADVISORY COMMITTEE
MOR TON M. ASTRAHAN
HOWARD T. ENGSTROM
GEORGE E. FORSYTHE
RICHARD W. HAMMING
ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER
HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR.
SA LES AND SERVICE DIRECTOR

EDMUND C. BERKELEY
815 Washington St.
Newtonville 60, Mass.
DEcatur 2- 54 53
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES

Los Angeles 5

\VENTWORTH F. GREEN
439 So. Western Ave.. DUnkirk 7-813 5
San Francisco 5
A. S. BABCOCK
605 Market St.
YUkon 2-3954
Elsewhere
EDMUND C. BERKELEY
. 815 Washington St.
DEcatur 2-5453
Newtonville 60, Mass;

News of Computers and Data Processors:
:~

ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK

Th
of pa
and a
"Offic
ent (
cated,
num1:
inven
ents n
Comr
ton 2
each.
J
2,969,5
N.):

inserted between pages 16 and 17

An
and
2,969,5

FRONT COVER
M~mory for a Pneumatic Digital Computer

toW)

1, 6

ARTICLES
"Open Shop" Programming at Rocketdyne Speeds Research and Production, D. J. BREHEIM
Automated Teaching, E. F. COOLEY
.
The Trouble With Commercial Compilers, JOHN H.
HUGHES
........
The Coming Technological Society, DR. SIMON RAMO

8
10
13
15

2,969,/
N. "

A (

chin
2,969,~

terb
Yorl
carr

READERS' AND EDITOR'S FORUM
Computers in Nuclear Engineering, DR. JAN PAUL.
Computers and Armaments, CARL H. GROOM and
THE EDITOR .
.
.
.
.
..
Restless Giant, WALTER BRANDENBERG .
Calendar of Coming Events.

6
22
22

REFERENCE INFORMATION
Who's Who in the Computer Field (Supplement) .
Books and Other Publications, MOSES M. BERLIN
New Patents, RAYMOND R. SKOLNICK .

24
28
29

INDEX OF NOTICES
Advertising Index
Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide
see May,
Frequency of Computers and Automation see May,
Glossary of Terms
see April,
Manuscripts
see Feb.,
Reference and Survey Information
see May,
Who's Who Entry Form.

Mk
neti

6

2,969,~

and
Cali
Cit)
shif
tal.
2,970,~

/ S
A I:

2,970,!
Ma~

/ }

regi
page
page
page
page
page

30
24
12
28
12
24
9

2,970,:

N.
/ }
ory
2,970,

Par
N.
for

2,970,
T01

_ _ _~_ _ _ _ _ _-=-C=-O_M_P_U--.TERS and AUTOMATION is published monthly at 815 Washington St.,
Newtonvill~Yl3erkeleyEnterpnses, Inc. Pfintea-inU~S:-A-.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - SUBSCRIPTION RATES: United' States, $15.00 for 1 year, $29.00 for 2 years, including the June Directory issue; Canada, add 50c a year for postage; foreign, add $1.00
a year for postage. Address all Editorial and Subscription Mail to Berkeley Enterprises,
Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60, Mass.
ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER at the Post Office at Boston, Mass.
POSTMASTER: Please send all Forms 3579 to Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington
St., Newtonville 60, Mass.
.
Copyright, 1961, by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: If your address changes, please send us both your new address
and your old address (as it appears on the magazine address imprint), and allow three
weeks for the change to be made.
4

COMPUTERS lInd AUTOMATION for July, 1961

We
bm
2,970,
an(
---rou

gra
teri
2,970,

Pet
N.
kee

N.
~.970J

Ma

Pa.
Ac
2,970

En
Ge
Ca:
log

COl\1

:ribuns in
The
es of
Value
I Aginto
lifIer-

JOHNSON/S

In
"WORLD'S LARGEST MANUFACTURER
OF WAX POLISHES"

mtecl
Wein-

ullllaInc.,
Y.

I

backoducrleral,
eulal'.
is a
~ntire
~rarn­

mong
Subltput,
,trucstern) ,
'e in-

6 au: the
v-Hill
New
6 pp,
atheIs are
as a
livers in·
'd in
lysics.
atical
ding:
:ons,"
Jtotic
Itistiudes:

, "Inand

"The
Procnena,
ry of
Proband
)m

I

sand
Inc.,
Y. I
,cope,
leary,
mner

e. In
lude:
and
and
'iable
!ntial
~orne-

Nutions,
tbers.
Lbout
IrnbilS of

~~

~*

,

304 Data Processing System

has proved to be a highly profitable investment!"
-5. C. JOHNSON & SON, INC., Racine, Wisconsin
"The National 304 enables us to know
today where we are today. For example,
we can now bill customers on the same
day items are shipped from warehouses
anywhere in the United States. This
has enabled us to pick up working capital equivalent to three days' sales-an
important saving.
"We can now take action today on
inventory requirements based on last
night's actual inventory and unfilled
orders position. As an initial result, we
have, reduced. finished inventories by
10%, with the potential of greater reductions in the near future.

"Our manufacturing and production
scheduling are now more closely coordinated with sales needs than ever before. And, our field warehouses are
stocked more intelligently, enabling us
to serve our customers better.
"Fundamentally, the National 304
has given us faster and more accurate
control over sales efforts, production,
inventory, credit, and customer billing.
It has sharpened management reflexes,
enabled us to harness data in time to
be used most profitably, and meets our
demands for the factual data necessary
to make management decisions in time

to be most effective.
"At this stage of our installation
progress it is difficult to assign a definite money value to all these advantages. However, we know their value
represents a highly profitable return on
our investment."

President'

S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

"leading manufacturer of wax polishes and other
fine products for home, industry and agriculture."

I the
loga~essel

THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY,

rldex.

1039 OFFICES IN 121 COUNTRIES • 77 YEARS OF HELPING BUSINESS SAVE MONEY

1961

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

Dayton 9, Ohio
5

Readers~

and

FRONT COVER: MEMORY FOR A
PNEUMATIC DIGITAL COMPUTER
The front cover shows a laboratory prototype of a
component for a pneumatic digital computer, under
design by Kearfott Division, General Precision, Inc.,
Little Falls, N. J. This component contains 2 bistable
elements or flip-flops and has the capacity for 4 more.
The "piping" consists of holes drilled in the layers.
Connections to the flip-flops are made through the
screwholes at the top and bottom. The component is
created by clamping the layers together.
Each chamber containing a little ball has two inlets
and two outlets for gas either under high pressure or
low pressure. Pulses of pressure operate the pneumatic
components.
The entire size of the prototype component shown
is a little over an inch ·long and a little over half an
inch thick. Much smaller sizes are possible. An eventual component density is indicated of 2,000 to 4,000
bistable elements per cubic inch. Under these conditions, a medium-size general-purpose digital computer
will occupy a slab approximately 5Y2 inches square
and one inch thick. Operating speed indicated is in
the range of 10 to 100 kilocycles. Operating temperature can be well over 1000 0 F.
All digital operations can be considered to be combinations of three basic functions: counting, switching (also called logic), and memory; and these three
basic functions can all be represented with pneumatic
components. In addition, signal conversion is possible
from pneumatic to electronic (for example, by sensing
electrically the position of the little metal balls) and
from electronic to pneumatic (for example, by electromagnetic impulsing of the little balls).

•
COMPUTE.RS IN NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
Dr. Jan Paul
Nuclear Consultant
2617 Lynn Street, Bakersfield, Calif.

'There are a number of individual applications for
computers in nuclear engineering. Some of the more
important are data logging, alarm scanning, on-line
computation, sequencing, data reduction, automatic
control, and reactor monitoring. All are important,
but perhaps the most important single application is

Editor~s

Forum

· ing and timing equipment, and input-output equipment for the computers.
The basic principle behind the system is quite
simple; any kind of break or fault will cause an
increase in the level of radioactivity in the reactor
cooling system. It is essential that this increase be
detected before it can become harmful to personnel
or equipment. The radiation detectors in the system
are placed in the cooling channels and connected to
the binary counters, which in ,turn, are scanned
continuously by the computers. The computers use
the data obtained to calculate a radioactivity level
for ea~h ch~n?el and compare it against a predetermIned lImIt. If the calculated level thus obtained
exceeds the limit, alarm and warning devices are
automatically activated.
The computers are operated in parallel to assure
uninterrupted protection. Both machines therefore
receive all input data, and make all calculations; however, only one operates the automatic typewriters and
alarm devices. They are systemed, however, so that
should either computer stop, break down, or make an
err~r, the remaining machine takes over all output
deVIces. Each computer checks itself once a minute.
Of the seven typewriters in the system, five print
~o~puted rad.ioactivity values. One does nothing but
IndIcate eqUIpment failure, while the remaining
machine logs reference values.
This particular reactor installation has 1,148 cooling
system channels, which, for the purpose of scanning,
are divided into 287 groups of four. Twelve channels
are scanned per minute, so that a total scanning
cycle takes 24 minutes. In the event of an abovenormal reading, all four channels in the group are
switched to a "fine" scanning system through which
the computers can calculate a normalized level for
each separate channel. If any of these exceed normal,
warning devices go into action.
A careful evaluation of this, and similar computer
monitoring systems indicates that thes"e systems make
possible the continuous calculating of radioactivity
levels over an ~xtensive channeling system with a
maximum reliability factor and a minimum of alarm
error. The safety factor for both personnel and
equipment is also greatly increased.

Del

RC

'60)

'53,
Schne

Iyst
Spr
Un:
Schni

Sysl
Cer

St.
terr
Schwc
COl

Del
'21,
Sheltc
COl

Bal

wes
eng
Simm

GP
and

/

Cm
Cor
IRI
Spark

RC
Fla
'52)
Stagg,
Seci
Cor
/

j

tern
(M!
Mb
out:
art]
Stewa
Lea

terr
San

Stal
Stoian
Gas
S ,

Pet
Spe
leu
Tolpi
thel
Un

Warli
De\
Flig
305
Uni

eng:
mal
YOt

Mei

Lai

•
COMPUTERS AND ARMAMENTS

_ _ _~in_ceactQr_mQnitQring,_for_in_such_an_application~t.----------.r------w-.
~s possible for. the computer to monitor radioactivity
I. F'rom CarI---U:-Groom
In the reactor through a hook-up with the cooling
Arlington, N. J.
and heat-transfer systems.
To the Editor:
Perhaps one of the most interesting computer
With reference to your article "Armaments and
applications is at the Electricite de France power
Computer People" in the May issue, I believe you
plant near Chinon, France. The installation is of
leave out of account a rather important fact. This is
particular interest in a discussion of applications,
that every arms race recorded in history has resulted
because its computer system, while primarily for
in a war. There are formidable odds, therefore, that
monitoring, actually combines a number of important
the present arms race wi11 result in war. Therefore,
uses. The system consists of two RW-300 computers,
the major task of patriotic computer people, other
seven automatic typewriters, a paper tape punch and
scientists, and in fact everybody in the United States,
reader, radiation detectors, binary counters, sequenc(Please Turn to Page 22)
6

Schne

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

707
Warn
tim
sear

tral
timl
of

Pro
mat
Ass(
Ass(
White
Can

Frat
Phi
com

and
Ord
Wrigh
and
tem~

COM

'athcBox
udue

, Ep~40

E
eeo-

~high

Data
City
AB /

Univ,

pt of
iv of

pt of
L

eh i

t '60)

ImturaI
PostSept,

I

In of

,lysis,
, Vol
I '59;
ropie
,c of

'59
Eleerotor
)ear~easi­

ouri,
elecShell
PO
LMP
speoved
)'ram

For men of vision

RSA
adal
ebee
terns
2500
if /
Univ
lE
Mannel

D C

~rtns

'55,
Llls,"

ppa,
.lyst,
'ous~LP,

City
&

1,

iean
ssoc,

thur
I'ork
Jniv,
Lpter
~MS

)OK
~RY

:1 &
~ago

~s

/
robions
~ngr

, Pa
DL,
itate
logi-

961

Waiting for you at Burroughs Corporation are some of the industry's most challenging and rewarding career opportunities. An extensive and purposeful research and development program has spurred the introduction of several major
systems this year-including the pace setting new B 5000, the first computer specifically designed to implement problem
oriented languages. There are more to come. A planned program of future releases will insure continuing growth
opportunities. Substantial opportunities now await qualified personnel in the following positions:

Special computer representatives: To promote the sale of' this advanced data processing equipment, working
with experienced account representatives. Opportunities to advance are wide open because of Burroughs practice
of developing management personnel from within. Salary plus override will be attractive to experienced computer
sales representatives.
Sales technical representatives:

To assist sales representatives in technical aspects of sales presentations and
guide installations of systems. You will receive progressively more challenging assignments in either scientific or
business data processing. You'll qualify with strong magnetic tape installation experience or sound punch card systems
background, and receive a salary commensurate with experience.

Openings are available in major cities thoughout the U.S. Call the manager of our office near you,
or write in confidence to L. D. Staubach, Director of Marketing Placement, Burroughs Corporation,
Detroit 32, Michigan.
Burroughs-TM

All qualified applicants will rf'cpiv(> considpration for pmployment
without regard to rac(>, cn-eu, color or national origin.

Burroughs
Corporation

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

7

~~Open Shop~~

Programming at Rocketdyne
Speeds Research and Production
D.

J. Breheim

General Supervisor, P)'ogramming
Rocketdyne, a division of North American Aviation, Inc.
Canoga Park, Calif.

'rex
put
Bensel
Leac
Tun
Cali
State

Chesis
near
tam;
1011,

ingt,

Coole)
sean
Ne\\

Engineers Writing Programs for Themselves
Computer usage is high, engineering problems are
solved quickly and completely, and design and production benefit accordingly, with "open shop" programming of scientific problems at this division.
Some 400 of our engineers, at least one in every
engineering group, write computer programs for themselves and their fellow engineers by using a formula
translator which enables them to address the computer
in more or less familiar language. A "monitor" system we have coupled to the computer allows us to
run a tremendous volume and variety of their problems quickly and efficiently. Thus, we have placed in
the hands of our creative engineers a "super slide
rule."
Fully as important, our engineers are in direct contact with our computers, an IBM 709 and a 7090.
Thus they are familiar with what these machines can
do and tend to program onto them the "total" problem, not just a piece of it at a time.
.

shop, the traInmg time for a programmer has been
cut from 60 hours to just 20 hours. And, our engineers can and do write usable programs as soon as
they've completed their 20-hour course. Without
FORTRAN, a graduate of the 60-hour course used
to spend six to eight months learning to write sophisticated programs.
Thus, the goal of our open shop is not to produce
a relatively few, highly sophisticated programs. It is
to encourage engineers to solve the largest number of
problems via workable computer programs, with the
end result of getting the best product built, most economically, in the shortest possible time.
While this has always been a desirable goal throughout industry generally, it is particularly pertinent to
the missile industry. Any discussion of the missile
race is superfluous, of course. Even the most casual
scanner of headlines knows we are in it, and may believe that the very survival of the United States may
hinge upon the outcome.

Expediting Solutions
This, too, expedites the solutions to design problems and, eventually, speeds production itself.
In rocketry, of course, problems that stand in line
awaiting solution quickly become so dated they aren't
worth solving. We are convinced that "closed shop"
programming, in which our engineers would bring
their problems to full-time programmers, would tend
to create bottlenecks.
For one thing, an engineer can write his own program in one-fourth as long as it would take him to
give it to a programmer and get it checked out. Even
more important is the problem of communication.
For example, a programmer might think he understood a problem when actually he did not. Reprogramming then would become necessary.
This is understandable, because no one person can
master the fields of stress, heat flow, aeronautics, etc.,
and the other incredibly diverse uses for which our
computers must be programmed. Even when a programmer understands the field generally, he often
lacks the "feel" for a specific problem which the engineer himself has.
In addition, making the computer available to the
engineer, either through his own ability to program,
or that of a fellow worker, encourages him to use itencourages the "let's try it" attitude so valuable in
creative engineering.

Rocketdyne's Background
Rocketdyne's contribution toward high-thrust
rocket engines and advanced forms of propulsion for
use in space date back to 1946.
Missiles and research vehicles powered by our engines include the Army Redstone) medium-range missile; the Air Force Thor and Army Jupiter) first intermediate-range ballistic missiles; the Air Force Atlas)
our nation's first intercontinental ballistic missile, and
many of our nation's space probes, including the Redstone-boosted Explorer satellites in 1958; advanced
space probes by the Air Force and Army, the Dis·
coverer series of polar satellites, etc.
Our main offices, plant and data processing center
are located at Canoga Park, near Los Angeles, California. We also have plants at Neosho, Missouri, and
McGregor, Texas; and a Propulsion Field Laboratory
for research, development and production testing in
the Santa Susana Mountains, near Canoga Park.
Our two IBM 709's are in operation 24 hours a day,
seven days a week. About 90 per cent of their usage
is scientific. Of this, about three-fourths is for Rocketdyne and about one-fourth for Atomics International,
another division of North American Aviation.
In addition, our data communications system enables us to handle overflow work from North American, in Los Angeles.

Shortening of Training Time
Also, through the use of FORTRAN, IBM's standanI formula translator which implements our open

Nature of Computing Load
Our computing includes quite a bit of test data reduction, performance analysis programs, trajectory

8

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

ods
DiCosl
COr]

tem
;);),

Drove
Ana
Shel
caib

vers
Duke,
Prgl
Erv;
Tex
com
Ehren
lant
folk
enti
Tra
Fegan
icc,

late
'99,
'59,

/ lV
Dir
vVh
Feitle
eral
ton
apll

eng
tern
Cot
Dat
An;
Flemi
n101

Me:
Stal

Fones
Ins
Ins
Ha
Freefi
Prg

En
anc
De~

'57
Fretz,
Prg
hot
152

'47,
Gillis
AP
/ Gior~

En!

/

'

lisl
vise

An
tiD I
Goer!
vai
32C

/

~

Hall>

bn
Ch
COM

Elecnc
Stevens
mach

/ '35,
/ '37,
Texas,

lorado
J~fP

/

~rgmr,

prgmr
ABLP

LP /
rgmr
/ '25,
LP /
>rgmg
,BP /
Iyst
LP /

lin St,

•LMP
,Int &

. . /
rgmg

lalyst
r p s,
New
Inst
U. S.
ward
ivark,
'31,

programs, reliability studies, etc. We process more
than 200 jobs a day on the 709's.
As indicated, a large percentage of these are from
the 400 engineer-programmers we have encouraged to
use the machines. It is necessary, of course, to handle
these jobs quickly and efficiently, or we lose the value
of open shop.
As set up, if an engineer gets a routine problem to
us by late afternoon, the results are on his desk early
the following morning. If he gets it to us in the morning, he has his results by afternoon. And, on a priority order, we give him fast enough service so he can
have two or three shots at the 709's on the same day.
Our goal is a "turnaround" time of three hours
on routine work, exclusive of keypunching, and two
hours for a priority job. Rush work, such as acceptance tests, is handled much more rapidly, of course.
Ten minute service is about average.

The Monitor System
The monitor system, mentioned earlier, and careful
channeling of incoming work, enable us to process our
high volume quickly and efficiently.
vVe call the monitor our "Load and Go" system.
Developed here in 1958, it was subsequently used by
IBlVI as the basis for the SHARE-STANDARD system, now widely used with FORTRAN. The monitor
enables us to group jobs efficiently on the same tape,
with the machine doing most of the controlling.
vVhen an engineer has completed a program, he
sends his data sheet to data processing in a special
gray envelope, used only by DP. The data sheet may
be accompanied by a program deck, or we may already have the deck on file .
A receiving clerk checks the sheet for legibility,
then routes it to an IBlVI Card Punch Operator, who
produces a data deck from it. Next stop is the set-up
section, where the deck is checked and placed in back
of the proper program deck.
The program and set-up decks are sent to a dispatcher who assigns several jobs to each tape, in most
cases, and sends them into the 709 room. There, the
cards are loaded onto one of two card-to-tape conver-

WHO'S WHO IN THE

Hlity
uite,
1961

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

MinAve,
, '52,
Div,
lours
tcms

liens
:orp,
1684,
, rc'53,
)ple-

Elimination of Duplication
One of the traditional problems of the open shop
is duplication of effort. To eliminate this as much
as possible, we have published all programs devised
here, and distributed them through North American
Aviation.
We do not envision the day when every engineer
will write programs, or when full-time programmers
will be eliminated, of course. We still have the
equivalent of 50 of them busily at work on a variety
of jobs, including teaching FORTRAN, debugging
programs, handling complex programming, and programming commercial work via COMFORT, our
version of commercial FORTRAN.
But, we do believe that the open shop educates our
engineers in the maximum use of the computing tools
available to them, and encourages them to use these
tools properly, not on a hit-or-miss basis.
The result is that more programs are written, more
problems are solved, and more products are built,
faster, better and more economically. This, of course,
is the major goal of all of Rocketdyne.

Name? (please print) .................... ..
Your Address? .................................. ..
Your Organization? ...................... ..
I ts Address? ...................................... ..
\' our Title? ...................................... ..
Your Main Computer Interests?
( ) Applications
( ) Business
( ) Construction
( ) Design
( ) Electronics
( ) Logic
( ) lVIathematics
( ) Programming
( ) Sales
( ) Other (specify):

COMPUTER FIELD
From time to time we bring up
to date our "Who's Who in the
Computer Field." We are currently
asking all computer people to fill
in the following Who's Who Entry
Form, and send it to us for their
free listing in the vVho's Who that
we publish from time to time in
Computers and Automation. \Ve
are often asked questions about
computer people-and if we have
lip to date information in our file,
we can answer those questions.
If you are interested in the computer field, please fill in and send
us the following Who's Who Entry
Form (to avoid tearing the magazine, the form may be copied on
any piece of paper).

PIng,
chell
Univ
dept
,s on
toll

sion units, and the information from them is reproduced on magnetic tape.
The tape then goes to whichever of the 709's is
open. The operator loads it onto a tape unit, starts
the program and just monitors the time on each job.
If there were any errors in programming, the 709
prints out a notice and the specific program is shunted
off the machine.
'Vhen all the jobs on the input tape have been run,
the operator removes the computed data, on just one
output tape, and places it on an off-line Tape-to-720
II-Printer to produce a hard copy of the results at 500
lines a mill ute.
'Vhen the program calls for it, the 709 also produces
a second output tape, from which a deck of output
cards is punched.
The computed data sheets, and any output cards,
go into a gray envelope, and back to the originator
by special courier.

Year of birth? .................................. ..
College or last. school? .................. ..

Year entered the computer field? .. ..
()ccupation? ..................................... .
Anything else? (publications, distinctions, etc. .. ................................ ..

',Vhen you have filled in this
entry form please send it to: Who's
\/Vho Editor, Computers and Automation, 815 'Vashington Street,
Newtonville GO, :Mass.

Mid
tion
TEl

AUTOMATED TEACHING

Sept.
atia
Dal
An:

E. F. Cooley
Director of Methods Research
The Prudential Ins. Co. of America
Newark I, N.

Ch;

J.

lanl
mal

(Based on a talk given at a Personnef Management Conf ertmce,
in Mobile, Ala., February, 1961)

Automated teaching is an important subject. It is
important because the new methods currently being
developed offer real hope of reducing waste, and waste
reduction is always important. The waste in this case
is the waste of time of students and trainees, and this
waste means waste of the money of schools and of
employers.
The purpose of this report is to give a general survey in elemen tary terms.
Hazards in Ordinary Class Training
Training is ususally done in classes of 15 to 25 people. 'l\Thenever you have a group that big in any activity, there is bound to be compromise of some kind.
The place, the time, the instructor, all are compromises to some extent. A class as it is usually run
means more compromise. Some students can' go
faster than others, and often a class of trainees is
slowed to the pace of the slowest. Sometimes two or
three individuals dominate the class, ask and answer
all the questions.' The instructor never knows if the
other students are learning until he sees the results
of the first test.
Now there are tests and tests. At best, they cover
only a sample of the facts the trainees should have
learned. So a test may in some cases show how much a
student has learned and in other cases it will not.
There are other hazards which prevent rapid and
thorough learning. One of the most common is a
poorly chosen instructor, one who does more to confuse than to clarify the ~ubject. Instructors are chosen
very often because they know the subject, without regard for whether they have any ability to explain and
teach it. I believe that a teacher must know his subject, but also that knowing the subject does not necessarily make a good teacher.
Private Tutoring
Perhaps some of you have had the experience of
receiving private tutoring from a good tutor, one who
really knows his subject and knows how to teach. Then
you were the sole object of his attention, and every
question he asked was yours to answer. The good tutor soon knew whether you had a good grasp of the
subject or not, and developed his remarks and questions accordingly. He adjusted his presentation so
that you were able to learn at your own pace. You
were neither held back by other students who learned
more slowly nor pressed to go faster than you could, by
the progress of more advanced students in your class ..
Now I will not go so far as to claim that any teachIII

Hil
Sept.
Tel
Bas

ing machine is as good as a good tutor. But for some
subjects a well-planned text presented in a good machine approaches the situ~tion of having a private tutor. Especially is this true when the students are well
motivated, are really anxious to learn. Certainly this
is the situation in a big company when we carefully
choose candidates for a new endeavor in the organization, and they know that a raise or promotion depends on how quickly they learn the new work and
become productive on it.
Essential Features of the Teaching Machine Idea
The terms, "teaching machine," "autom,ated learning," and "programmed text," need some clarificadon.
At first it is easy to think that the machine is the allimportant feature of the new technique. However,
this is not the case, in my opinion. A mechanical device may be very helpful but it is not the necessary
element.
The essential features are two. First in importance
is the carefully developed sequence of questions or
statements called the "program." The learner must
make a definite response to each step before proceeding to the next.
Second is the fact that the learner is told immediately whether his answer is right or wrong. There is
evidence that the most effective program is one to
which the learner responds correctly at every step. The
reward of being right constitutes "reinforcement" of
the fact in his mind. Since the steps or "increments"
of knowledge are small and many, each requiring individual response, there is opportunity for almost continuous reinforcement.

Sept.
for
Cal
ran

W.
Sept.

Cr1
Th
Ba~

Sept.
fer

Bil
Ca
31.

Sept.
Tu

CUSTI

ificaf
tion
systel

Trair
SALEl

ence

Programs
An incremental presentation, properly constructed,
leads to more complete learning. It brings the student along to a gradual mastery of the subject as he
progresses from simple to increasingly difficult increments. :Meticulous text preparation leaves no gaps
or ambiguities to impede understanding.
This sort of text called a program may be presented in book form or by certain types of mechanical
devices. But in either case the important thing is the
preparation of the text, however it may be presented.

Math
Writ]

The
315l
work

hand
istic

Scrambled Book Approach
1'd like now to describe some of the forms of presentation.
First, let's consider the "scrambled book." Let us
consider a few pages from a book called "The ArithCOMPUTERS and

AUTO~IATION

for July, 1961

CO~

out,

berg

and

of

r

slein,

:om-

dical
Bio.,
: Dr.

)1 of

ation
Vane In836,

;isco,
No.

1.aIog

ation

ionaI
~uto­

lavia.

:c

on

~uage

gton,
1961

metic of Computers," prepared by :Mr. Norman
Crowder for use in training programmers at the Systems Development Corporation, and published by
Doubleday. This book is intended as the student's
first introduction to this subject, not an auxiliary to
other texts which have to be read first.
The purpose of the book is to provide the reader
with a useful knowledge of the number systems used
in electronic computers. The presentation is as nearly
as possible a set of alternative conversations between
a teacher and his pupil. But it is not an ordinary
book; although the pages are numbered in the usual
way, they are not read consecutively. The book offers
information in rather small units, and tests the reader's understanding by means of multiple choice questions; and each answer is tagged with a page number.
The reader must answer the question in order to
proceed further in the book. After the reader chooses
an answer, he goes to the page corresponding to the
answer he chose, and there finds out if he was right or
wrong. A wrong answer leads to more discussion of
the same point of information and refers him back to
make another choice. A right answer leads the student
to the pext unit of information and the next question.
This may be enough explanation to show how the
"scrambled book" or "TutorText," as :Mr. Crowder
calls it, may be used. Besides the book, a machine
has been designed to take the place of the book. I t is
a projector for 35 mm. film. Each page goes on a single frame and may be projected on the screen. A single
roll of film will hold 10,000 frames or pages, which is
the equivalent of several books. The book, for instance, has 472 pages and is about an inch and a half
thick. So 10,000 pages would be lies
op~ady

kies
i to
con-

han

e a
d it
syslany
and
ities
ra, In.t is
tical
profed
llere
~ by
her.
.ints
the
and
.herIfall
r' afwe
tion
and

~

A number of artificial languages (technically called
"source languages") have been designed to make it
easy to describe business processes in such a way that
the description is susceptible to computer translation
into the computer's instruction language (technically
called the "object language"). Some of the source
languages bear the names FLOWlVIATIC, COMTRAN, FACT, COBOL. The computer translation
takes place under the control of a program called a
"compiler."
These artificallanguages have one thing in common:
they all make use of English words and sen tences. It
is my contention that this is not, as is often claimed,
their principal virtue. On the contrary, it my thesis
that the chief weakness of commercial "English lan~
guage" programming systems is, in fact, their att em pted use of English.

Should You Write Programs in English?
Let us consider for a moment the principal claimed
advantage of English language for source programs.
English is spoken, written, and understood by practically everyone who matters to the manufacturers of
large-scale computers. So, computer marketers would
have us believe, it is unnecessary for the user of a
large-scale computer, with its associated English language compiler, to learn a new programming language
-he can write his programs in good old familiar
English. In fact, the English "understood" by computers is not the English spoken by you and me. It is
comprehensible to us because it uses some of the same
words and some of the same grammatical structures.
But we cannot claim to have a "speaking" knowledge of this language until we have learned its restrictions. Here a conscious effort of learning is required, just as a conscious effort is required to learn,
for example, that other artificial segment of English
called Basic English, the simplified English using a
basic 850 words devised by C. K. Ogden, of Oxford
University. In learning Basic English, a foreigner has
a marked advantage over a native English-speaking
person, in that he is never tempted to use English
words that lie outside the permissible vocabulary,
because he does not know them. But if you or I try
to speak Basic English, we must make a constant effort
to avoid words which lie outside its vocabulary but
which are temptingly convenient, concise, and precise.
Computer English, then, does -require learning. It is
simply not true that an untrained person can sit right
down and start programming a large-scale computer
by using an English source language.

an
the

Redundancy of English
Another feature of spoken or written English is its
high degree of redundancy. Of the possible combinations of letters or sounds, only a very small

1961

COMPUTERS a1/d AUTOMATION for J.uly, 1961

proportion constitute allowable combinations. For
this reason misspellings and mispronunciations, while
they may cause an emotional reaction detrimental to
communication, present no serious technical block.
U cn rd nd unnerstan a sntnce ritn Iyk ths wun w ev
bit s much accrcy as th prev sentnce. This is because
you have an ability as yet scarcely within the reach of
computer programs, to recognize common phrase and
spelling patterns and to compensate for the distortions
that may be present. To program a computer to be
insensitive to bad grammar and spelling is conceptually possible, but probably a waste of time. So,
"computer English" loses the advantage of ordinary
English's redundancy, i.e. the ability to communicate
reliably despite noisy channels, while retaining its
disadvantage, lack of the conciseness which could be
achieved if the size of the universe of possible messages
were restricted.
Looking at the matter of language from the point
of view of the computer programmer, then, computer
English fails on two counts: it is difficult to write
precisely enough for comprehension by the translator
(compiler) program and it takes too much writing to
express a simple command.

Length of Program
The program, once reduced to computer English,
must be transferred to a machine-readable form (cards,
paper tape, or magnetic tape) for the translation program to operate on it. Again, the same failings plague
us. The great length of the source program increases
the probability of transcription error, while the requirement for precision makes such errors costly.
The Illusions of Upper Echelons of Management
With the limitations I have described so hampering
its usefulness and efficiency as a source language, how
has English language programming (computer English) reached the position of importance it now
occupies in programming technology? Sad to say, I
believe this has happened because most of the people
who have to make decisions about the purchase of
computer equipment for commercial use do not have
the faintest idea what they are doing. (This is because
the computer business is so young that hardly anyone
has yet had time to move through a work experience
of practical programming into a position of executive
responsibility.) To them, the illusion that by obtaining a computer with an associated English Language
Compiler they can avoid selling their company down
the river to a bunch of technicians has enormous sales
appeal. So they decide to go ahead, using FACT or
FLOWMATIC or COMTRAN or COBOL. And the
programmers suffer. Those who are of necessity
trained in machine, or ncar-machine, language are
agonizillgly aware of the sacrifices ill progralll efficiency
13

that are made to achieve a compiler that can be implemented. Those who write in the source language soon
become aware of the sacrifices in programming efficiency that are made to achieve a language which
"members of the upper management echelons can
read and understand."
Do these "members of the upper management
echelons" really gain anything from the use of "English" Source Programs? I doubt it very much. The
source programs are still written in a degree of detail
that should be of no concern to upper management.
The essential facts about a system must still be presented to upper management in broad-brush terms
having little relationship with the computer English of the source program.
How about the immediate supervisor of a programming group? If he knows his business thoroughly,
the English language is likely to irritate him by its
inefficiency. He may approve the use of an English
Language Compiler because it allows him to get
working programs~ written by programmers whose
machine language efforts might well be no more
efficient, or because it lessens somewhat the need for
programmers with the rare turn of mind and personality that can enjoy making a computer "sit up
and talk." He is unlikely to be happy with the sacrifices that must be made, and he will recognize tha t
the power of such a compiler arises not of but in
spite of its use of English as a source language.

Progress by Abandoning Computer English
The FACT Compiler, of Computer Sciences Corporation, which is being imp!emented for the Honeywell
800 computer, overcomes partially the disadvantages
of the English language by abandoning it for the
expression of the, input editing and report writing
requirements of a system. The next logical step,' I
believe, is to abandon it in favor of a less redundant
code for the intermediate phases of the system.
I should like to propose here, then, that the efforts
of the Applied Programming Groups now working on
English langu<,lge compilers be diverted to working on
compilers for a new language designed to have the
advantages of English without its disadvantages.
For example, the new language should avoid the
use of unnecessary connectives (those implied by
verbs). It should have a vocabulary of verb abbreviations easy to learn but not readily confused with their
true English counterparts. The vocabulary should
include verb abbreviations for common data processing
actions for which no single verb today exists. To
satisfy the demand, such as it is, for program records
in computer English, the implementation of the new
language translator could include a retro-translation
into unabbreviated regular English.
No Sacrifice of Real Advantages
The following very real advantages that English
language (and other) compilers have need not be
sacrificed ill the implementation of this new compiler.
f. It is generally true that English language compilers require the programmer to describe the
file organization or "layout" in a fairly concise
"language" defined for the purpose. At the time
of file description, the correspondence between
II

fields in the file and their English names as used
by the programmer in his English language
programming is established. In naming the fields
the programmer can decide for himself whether
he wishes to use full names or abbreviations.
The important advantage gained is that the file
description is available to the compiler during
compilation of any run using the given file. The
programmer does not have to consider the layout
in detail and can refer to fields by name with the
assurance that generators within the compiler
framework will provide addressing and masking
as required. There is rnothing in this process
that is peculiar to an English language compiler,
although the problems of implementing an
English language compiler gave impetus to its
invention.
2. The vocabulary of English language compilers
can include verbs representing operations which
involve many machine instructions, e.g., "GET
next A-file item." That "GET" covers a multitude of sins. This is merely to sa·y that the
commands of the English source language are
Macro-instructions, but Macro-instructions are
by no means peculiar to English language
compilers.
3. The fairly concise non-redundant methods used
for expressing input and output edit requirements which some "English Language" compilers
resort to can and should be retained.
Finally, a b.usiness oriented compiler should permit
facile inclusion' of machine, or near-machine, code.
There will continue to exist functions which are
practically impossible to generalize efficiently. Table
storage is an outstanding example; most tables can be
stored far more efficiently if the word structure of the
particular machine is understood and taken advantage
of, and the increase in efficiency may amount to a
factor of five.
The title .of this paper is, to catch your eye, "The
Trouble With Commercial Compilers." The trouble
is not, as I think you can see, a basic one. But let's
stop deceiving ourselves that the English language has
any virtue of its own as a language for writing source
programs, and let us concentrate on designing a
source "language" whose redundancy is only as great
as may be helpful in making it easy to learn.
COMPILER: A computer program which directs a
compufer to translate a program written in a problem9riented or process-oriented "Source Language" (the
Source Program) into a program recorded in machine
language (the Object Program).
PROGRAMMING SYSTEM: 'A programming language plus the compiler or assembler needed to translate the source program into machine language.
REDUNDANT: A message is redundant, if it contains more information than is needed for the recipient
to distinguish which member of the universe of
possible messages is intended. Any message which can
be shortened without loss of intelligibility is
redundant.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

T
loss
info
men
tem:
will
atio
chal
set
tion
une:
hun
dict:
is tb
able
putt
C

(su(
are
tem:
of tl
inte
of h
elec
tion
o tIlt:
one
whi4
natt
tean
dou
tive~

up f
bina
alon
T

char
part
ture
cien
Hnh
cons
theil
all t'
peril
of 1<

T
the I
proa
of tl
lncre
sour
decr,
a ter
hum
Clan'
rout
more
hum
thin:
spee l
COM

them
iberaIe for
build
y curEven
!cords
louse,
entify
t and
ly do
blems
an siswipe
~ will
n the
:mes.)
'lines,
:ellecdngly
f the
) step
Ilting
~erva­

;iving
tare
st. It
~ our
nent,
thing
;erva111 in
cs. It
~ any
'e apHowl volcomrorld,
e in-

rgent
ships
hings
clear
pilot,
obile
lmic,
, the
rtery.
antalatial
'edicand
will
::>t be
etely
rhich
leedy
; his
, 1961

The COIning Technological Society
Dr. Simon Ramo
Executive Vice President
Thompson Ramo Wooldridge, Inc.
Los Angeles, Calif.
(Based on an address delivered at the University of California, Los Angeles, May 1, 1961)

We are all aware today that we are in rapid transition to a new, highly technological society. The possibilities that will unfold and the pr0blems that will
arise in this new age ahead will present many challenges to the scientist and engineer. However, these
challenges will not begin to compare with the new
opportunities that scientific advance will open up
to society as a whole.
The New Technological Society
What will the new technological society be like?
There is already a gross imbalance between technological and sociological progress. In view of this, will
the transition to .the new society be orderly or chaotic? Civilization will have to absorb the impact of
science and technology. We do not really have a
"take it or leave it" choice. For one thing, the increasingly fast-paced, complex, and interacting world,
with its rapidly expanding population,. urgently requires solutions to the problems of its physical operations of production, communication, transportation, and resources control and distribution. Because
technological creativity and scientific advance are able
to do so, they are furnishing the answers to these
kinds 01 problems. In other words, on the material
front, a match between the need for solutio~s and the
ability to formulate solutions exists, so science and
society are through with their courtship and are now
getting marr~ed. Will it be wedded bliss, with the
offspring sources of pride and joy, or will it be a
shaky, unstable partnership?
, Technology has clearly become one of the dominant
factors in determining the' nature of the world. Of
course, we cannot expect to completely understand
the world ahead by viewing it solely from a technological point of view. Yet, in this lecture, I shall be
doing just that, looking at the future from the admittedly narrow viewpoint of a technologist. This is
useful to us, I submit, only if we agree at the outset
that there is much more to it, and that the ultimately
needed projection is one that will include the sociological factors as well. And look ahead we must,
because despite the fact that much of what will happen is fixed and, in a sense, beyond our control, there
s~ill remains that great fraction that we can do something about. To a considerable extent, we can have a
better world in the future if we know what we want,
or if we recognize what we might otherwise get.
The Hydrogen Bomb
The H-bomb is the established symbol of the growing disparity between rapid scientific change and the
lagging adjustment of society. We need to note only
that we have learned how to release quickly such
tremendous amounts of energy as to be able to destroy all civilization in a world that has not yet produced an accepted, respected mode of conduct to
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

preclude the use of force. On the other hand, control of tremendous amoun~s of energy suggests great
benefits for society. We should be able even to influence the earth's weather and the gross features of
its terrain.
Of course, aside from the fact that large-scale energy release has peaceful as well as warfare applications, the bomb is not the best example of the impact
of technology. It emphasizes the military side of the
world's problems, whereas, even if no war danger
existed, disorder would still threaten if we should
fail to assimilate the technological revolution.
Outer Space
Outer space is the newest symbol of the influence
of science on world affairs. We are preparing now for
a period ahead in which we shall eventually become
a "three-dimensional-space" civilization, rather than
being limited as now to the thin film of air over the
surface of the earth. Today, all of the things we are
doing in space, either for military or for peacetime
pursuits, are no more than extensions of our surface
civilization. We orbit equipment around the earth to
assist us with our t~sks of control of the operations of
our present civilization. Or, in reaching out to more
distant space, we are merely probing to learn the facts
about it.. But surely no one doubts that this is the
beginning of a new chapter in· the history of man
which must include, before many more pages are
written, the ability of man to colonize in a limited
way the moon and the near planets if he chooses. And
if we put ourselves into a science-fiction frame of
mind, he may even succeed in creating artificial, inhabited, permanent planets in vario,us orbits about
the sun as preferred by. their adventurous dwellers.
Outer space, as the latest major example of the impact potentials of scientific advance, illustrates not only
technological innovation but t~e problems of adjustment in our pattern of HIe on earth that come with
it. For instance, where in space do national boundaries end? How will the world go about judging the
contest for use of the limited radio spectrum, as satellite communication repeaters make possible the wholesale interconnection of wodd communications ,into a .
single, endless, earthwide web? What political bodies
and agreements will decide how space technology and
meteorology will be applied, not only to predict but
ultimately to influence the earth's weather by using
nuclear energy? How can international cooperation,
which seems so sensible for proper exploration and
exploitation of space, be arranged?
Intellectronics
Nuclear energy developments and outer space conquest will change our way of life. So also will new
chemical and biological discoveries. Large increases
in man's life expectancy llIay concei\'ahly occur be15

fore the twentieth century is over. But, meanwhile,
there is another area of science and technology already emerging, I submit, as the most influential and
important for the next decade or two. It will use the
greatest fraction of our technical resources, will be
most determining in international competition, peace
or war,' and will very probably emphasize even more
the inequality between technological and social advance. A discussion of this area will thus help usespecially well to understand the nature of the,coming
technological society.
The rest of this century will see the gross extending
of the human intellect and senses by application of
science and technology. In every intellectual pursuit
in which man is engaged, be it in the professions, in
production, in military command, in teaching-everywhere-when we analyze what we do with our minds,
we find a part that is best assigned to electronic machines. Reduce the intellectual activity to stored and
incoming information, to logical processes, sorting,
deciding; and the part that is well understood, that
involves rates and quantities too large for the human
mind, assign to the machine. This frees the human intellect for the more complex aspects of the intellectual
task, above the routine work of the electronic partner.
Give human beings the Great Pyramid to build
without machines, and you will have a thousand
slaves pulling a huge stone, an activity at once beneath man's dignity and his remarkable physical
dexterities, and yet at the same time quantitatively
above him. One man simply cannot produce more
than a token part of the energy that is needed. Similarly, give a human being a series of single digit
numbers to add, and he can perhaps do one or two
combinations a second, and within a few seconds he
will be so tired or bored that mistakes will be numerous. Just as a fleet of bulldozers, a huge electric motor, or an H-bomb can surpass by millions or billions
of times the energy-producing capability of a human
system, so electronic devices can outdo by millions or
billions of times the capabilities of human beings fdr
sim pIe, repetitive, intellectual processes.
The human brain consists of the equivalent of perhaps ten billion electron tubes or transistors in a
cleverly flexible and reliable, interconnected array.
The human mental apparatus is a million times more
brilliant intellectually than any machine that has so
far been built or even conceived. Clearly, such a versatile intellectual capacity should not be applied to
tasks that do not require it and that are satisfied by a
relatively stupid intellectual machine that specializes.
Obviously, we are not talking about "automation,"
the replacement of the factory worker. The words
"automatic control" and "computer" are also inadequate and narrow. We are speaking of a new manmachine partnership in the powerful domain of the
in tellect. I like the new word, "intellectronics," because it says in one word: extending the "intellect"
by "electronics."
To show how deeply significant are the possibilities
of electronics in basically routine intellectual activities,
let us take some brief examples. They will be a bit
futuristic, but even where I shall use some exaggeraI ion to make a point, a serious underlying basis will
always exist.
Iii

The Practice of Law
Consider the practice of law, or at least law as it
might be practiced if intellectronics is used to the
fullest. Two or three decades from now, every practicing attorney might have in his office a means for convenient electronic connection to a huge national central repository of all the laws, rulings, regulations,
and procedures, and commentaries upon them, that he
needs. He or his assistant will be able to que'ry the
central repository by operating an electronic input
device looking a little like a typewriter. Almost immediately, there will be displayed to him on a special
viewing screen any information that is available on
his particular question. And this display will cover
not just the few possibilities that an unaided, though
trained, human brain might have produced in a few
days of research in a law library. Instead, the intellectronics system will scan, select, and present in a few
seconds the equivalent results of dozens of trained
searchers covering many decades of records over the
entire nation.
you can see that the intellectronics system-and we
know how to design such systems today-will elevate
the lawyer's intellect to the more complex intellectual
tasks by giving him better tools with which to work.
It will speed up a substantial fraction of legal practice. Even on the nonroutine, the more intellectual,
legal questions, the attorney will be able to consult
with the equivalent of a host of informed fellow attorneys. His request to the system for similar cases
will yield an immediate response from the central
repository, together with comments filed by other attorneys on those cases, even as he himself may later
add his experience and ideas into the system for future
use by all.
Legislating
The national intellectronics network to serve the
legal profession can serve the law-making bodies of
government as well, not only in the conventional
fashion I have just described, but in two additional
important ways. First, since any intellectronics system
has to be based upon some kind of logical indexing
of the information in its memory so that the information can be retrieved, the initial analysis of the input
data for indexing purposes can be expected to emphasize any conflicts or omissions that may exist in the
laws and regulations. Second, the intellectronics system can readily accommodate the mass of data available on the results of enforcement of the existing laws
and regulations. Such comprehensive statistical data
should disclose where existing laws and regulations
are ineffective, and thus be of prime aid to our lawmaking bodies. The world is becoming ever more
complicated, every action interacts with more, other
actions; so the rules of our society are correspondingly
becoming highly detailed and the procedures increasingly lengthy. Something new to cope with this situation, like an intellectronics system, seems imperative,
not just desirable.
Medical Consultation
How many physicians can your doctor consult with?
A practical answer wouln most often be: maybe two
or three. The physician in the future technologIcal
age, towards which we are in such rapid transition,
(Please turn to page 18)
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

You

I

Whet
rate -

to us
and,
our (
stres
what

us

C(

COMI

NEWS

of

Computers

~~ACROSS

THE

and

Data

EDITOR'S

Processors

DESK"

"AUTOPROMT", NEW ADVANCE IN NUMERICAL CONTROL FACTORY PRODUCTION
International Business Machines Corp.
590 Madison Ave.
New York 22, N.Y.
A new computer language, designed to
broaden the use of numerically-controlled
machine tools for automated production of
complex parts, was demonstrated on June 14
by this company.
Called AUTOPROMT (AUTOmatic PROgramming
of Machine !ools), the computer language enables the user to describe the surfaces of
the three-dimensional shape to be milled, in-

stead of describing each path the tool must
follow to machine the part. The program
leaves to a computer the task of automatically generating the required tool paths on
the basis of a simple description, in
English-like terms, of the part to be milled
and the tool to be used.
A "flying crane" helicopter's large
gearbox cover with 20 shaped depressions be-

Figure 1 -- At the right is the helicopter gear box part, a large round slab
of aluminum, with some of its depressions already machined. At the left is
the operator's console. Not shown in this picture is the punched paper tape
reader which controls,the tool paths.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

IB

tween ribs was machined in the demonstration,
using a Pratt & Whitney Numeric-Keller, a
tape-controlled continuous-path milling machine, and a ball-pointed drill.
Deduced from a blueprint, 180 one-line
statements in the AUTOPROMT language were
written to describe the part completely.
Then a solid-state IBM 7090 computer -- using
this information and controlled by the AUTOPROMT master program -- generated more than
8,000 tool path instructions. They provided
the Numeric-Keller with every tool motion
required to machine one of the 20 depressions.

The computer's instructions, converted
to perforated tape for use by the machine
tool, enabled the milling job to be completed
in about one-fourth the machining time previously required to mill the same part with
conventional methods.
The saving in lead time is even greater.
To produce. this part by conventional methods
required three months from blueprint to production. With AUTOPROMT, any part of similar
complexity can be put into production in two
weeks, one-sixth the lead time normally
required.

SETPT =POINT/12.,O.,4.9
HOLE =CONE,IN/APIO.,O.,O.I,APIO.,O.,l.I,SPI14.625056B46,O.,4.971,
SURFPTI7.952l66554,O.,l.051
BASE =PLANE,+Z/NORMIO.,O.,l.I,DISTI2.31
START =POINT,LGX/INT OF IHOLE,TUBE2,SIDEll
TUBE2 =CYL,IN/AXIS PTIO.,O.,O.I,AP/O.,O.,I.I,RADI12.211
SIDE2 =PLANE,+Y/NORMI.309017,.9510565,O.I,DISTI.501
TUBEl ~CYL,OUT/APIO.,O.,O.I,APIO.,O.,l.I,RADI7.721
SIDEl =PLANE,-Y/SURFPTIO.,-.50,O.I,SPIl.,-.50,O.I,SPIl.,-.50,1.1

$

REMI SIKORSKY
REGION 3
FROM/SETPT
REGION/SEQIHOLE,BASEI
XATI START,-y DIRECT, RIGHT
START BOUND I HOLEITUBE21
CBI HOLEISIDE21 BASEISIDE2, TUBEI, SIDEll, HOLEISIDEll
ZIGZAG
GO TO/SETPT
STOP
REFPT

abl'
pos
stu!
tio

det
a r
ity
The
wea
and
a m
met
tur
orne
the
(b)

cal
the
ly
ins
vel
con
fOI

hun
mee
art

TUBE1

de1
tic

In
usc
Figure 2 -- At lower left is a drawing of one of the depressions in the gear
box cover. At lower right is a plan of the depression showing the names assigned to the surfaces. At upper left is a selection of the AUTOPROMT program showing the way in which the IBM 7090 computer is instructed in a relatively simple language so that it will produce the tool path specifications
to control the machine tool.

ApI
the
bUJ
thl
tel
a1.

2B

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

CO

th

NEW AIRLINE DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
TO HANDLE 180,000 RESERVATIONS PER DAY
The Teleregister Corp., Stamford, Conn.;
United Airlines, Denver, Colo.;
North American Philips Co., New York, N.Y.

.e
:al

.
"

InlS

e

erar,

ics

ren

Lons

The largest integrated electronic data
processing system in the business world was
officially put into service on June 2 by
United Air Lines.
The system, which has been named "Instamatic," provides one of the fastest and most
accurate reservations service so far developed.
3000 United Airlines sales agents in 100 locations from coast to coast can make reservations under conditions in which 80 per cent
will be handled in less than one second.
Formerly it required up to 45 minutes for
each transaction.
The system was produced by The Teleregister Corporation. In size, it is exceeded
only by the United States government "s early
warning defense system.
The first phase, systemwide space availability information, went into effect June 2.
The second phase, which will provide for space
inventory records, flight information, and
other capabilities, is to become operational
in September.
Eventually the system will handle reservations at the rate of 180,000 per day. It
took 33 months to build and install and cost
approximately $16,000,000.
The equipment includes three solid-state
electronic data processors, 827 counter-top
sales agent sets, and 150 tons of communications equipment. This equipment is linked by
12,000 miles of communications circuits.

ri

le
the
~ysio-

The three data processors (Telefiles),
are located at United Airlines' new $700,000
Reservations Control Center in Denver, Colo.

s,
sk,
ept.
e

e

J61

Information on the availablility of
seats on each United flight up to one year
in advance can be stored by the Telefiles on
magnetic drums.
The central processors will be capable
of instantly relaying information to sales
agents regarding the on-time status of
flights -- whether a flight is on time or
late and if late, how many minutes and the
reason for the delay. They also will be
capable of automatically keeping records on
magnetic tape of all transactions and producing reports for evaluation of traffic.
Such questions as when to add extra sections
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

to flights, or when to reschedule flights as
required by traffic demands will receive immediate answers.
The high speed communications units are
located at reservations centers in 15 major
cities interspersed on the 12,000-mile network. This equipment, supplied for Teleregister by North American Philips Co., Inc.,
automatically routes the reservations data to
and from the Telefiles at Denver and the sales
agent sets. The data travels at a rate equivalent to 1,300 words per minute via high speed
American Tel. and Tel. telephone lines.
Intricate communication devices included
in the network automatically check errors, determine message destinations, locate operating
irregularities, and reroute traffic in case of
line failures. The system is interconnected
by 12,000 miles of leased circuits.
The new transmission and switching system is one of the most advanced of its kind in
existence and provides a very high degree of
reliability. Approximately 500,000 transistors, 40,000 printed circuits, and 2,000,000
ferrite cores were used.
To assure maximum accuracy, the entire
high speed communication system checks itself
regularly every second. Should a fault occur
in anyone of the circuits, it is quite probable no agent would be aware of the situation,
because re-routing to functioning.lines is extremely fast.
Major equipment is duplicated. The
standby principle of operation provides instant changeover; alarm devices indicate the
exact location of the trouble. The design
eliminates a great proportion of flight booking errors made up till now -- this permits
greater seat occupancy at all times.
Inquiries from passenger stations on
the main loops receive answers via the Norelco
units in an average time of 1 secnnd. On tributary lines which are tapped to the loops at
certain points, the process takes 5~ seconds.
The high speed data transmission and
switching stations are called concentrators.
Each passenger-booking location has a pushbutton desk-set that is connected to a concentrator only during the momentary period
required for (he inquiry and reply. Each
concentrator can serve up to 150 such agent
sets. The system is capable of further expansion to handle the requirements imposed
when United Air Lines absorns Capital Airlines.
The system can detect errors in messages
that are being transmitted. In such cases,

3B

the equipment sends back an error reply to the
agent set from which the inquiry originated -or it can send back a repeat request -- depending on the type of message. The double check
provides a highly effective method for detecting all types of ~ransmission errors. Concentrators also operate in seconds to cut out
a faulty section of line in a loop, rerouting
the traffic via the good section of line on
each side of the fault. When trouble is eliminated, the concentrators immediately close
the loop and return to the normal operating
arrangement.
The new system can accommodate many types
of transmission codes, including five-level
teletype, six bit computer code, and those
commonly employed for punched card, operations.
Speed of transmission depends on the codes
used, message length, and other factors. Line
loading on the new United Air Lines flight
reservation system will probably not exceed
60% and the time needed to get a response to
an inquiry at concentrator locations will
average one second or less.
"TRAGIC WASTE" DUE TO "MODEL T" MANAGEMENT
OF INFORMATION ON
CURRENT FEDERAL RESEARCH INDICATED
United States Senate
Committee on Gov~rnment Operations
Subcommittee on
Reorganization & International Organizations
Washington 25, D.C.
The Federal Government's "Model T" methods of managing scientific information contribute to unknowing duplication and "tragic
and intolerable waste of men, money and material," Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, (D., Minn.)
declared in April.
He urged Federal Agencies to master the
"scientific revolution" in information control. He made the recommendation in personal
conclusions to a 278 page report, issued by a
Senate Government Operations Subcommittee of
which he is Chairman.
Efficiency in $8.1 Billion in Spending Involved
The report states that there ~ no indexed
inter-agency inventory of an estimated 160,000
projects, involved in $8.1 billion of current
Federally-financed research and development
projects.
Various Agency Information Systems are
designed to cover at least part 6f thi~effort.
B!Jt the systems are a "hodge-podge" -- "overlapping, :underplan,ned, under-no uri shed and
under-used," Humphrey states.

4B

For the Federal Government to rely on
present methods, he said "is no way to run a
railroad or a race for survival."
Information Control Key to Man-in-Space
No administrator or scientist, however
competent, can attempt to know personally
about all current work in progress which is
related to his field, the Report states. Yet,
Senator Humphrey observes, "Knowledge of work
in progress is a key to effectiveness in many
fields -- to man-in-space, to control of the
weather, probing the ocean depths, drilling
into the earth's crust, bombarding the nucleus
of the atom, deciphering the code of life, or
unlocking the secrets of why plants are green."
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has no central index of all its "inhouse" and extra-mural research and develop:'"
ment projects, now in process, the Report
observes.
Science Information Exchange
It adds that partly because of the Senate
Committee's urging, several Federal agencies,
including NASA and the Defense Department, have
organized a Science Information Exchange for
the registration of "all" current research
projects. However, the Exchange has hardly
begun operations in the physical, social, engineering and mathematical sciences. Previously, the Exchange has registered 30,000 current projects in the biological and medical
sciences. But, the Report states, agencies
have not used even the medical coverage to
its fullest potentiality.

wi t
ph
ten

tYI

St;:
loc
COL

in~

19E
th(
cor
SO)

pur

pal
eql
in~

of
peJ
Hi~

fre

im
po~

vel

The Report criticizes "lost effort" and
unknowing duplication in Federal research and
development: -"Sufficient attention has not yet been
given to the problem of salvaging results
from vast investment in contracts and subcontracts which are canceled prior to producing
finished hardware. More than $2 billion of
such contracts and subcontracts were canceled
in the last 3 fiscal years •.. Another of the
important phases of the information problem
concerns duplication of effort -~ either on
an intentional or unintentional basis. The
Department of Defense does not have a reliable
study on the extent of unintentional duplication, but some estimates run as high as 10
percent."

12(
fOl

ch(
to
ra1
di~

del
ch(
a r:
ov€
aD(

mal
abJ

st(

New.procedures to salvage information
from canceled contracts and to prevent unknowing duplication were urged by Humphrey in
letters to the new Administration, shortly
after the January 1961 changeover. At that
time, the Commi t tee on Government Operations
approved the key points in the Subcommittee's
report.

ch€
30

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COM

ti(
aD(

1

hal
10~

SOLID-STATE TUNNEL TRIODE

tnd
I

Bendix Corporation
Research Laboratories Div.
Northwestern & l~ Mile Road
Southfield (Detroit), Mich.

at
the
~ther

le in

and
lrd
11-

:; ,
11
~a-

et
dep

tion
anged
,
ed
unter
at,
1

ons
s
d,
rs
with
e of

Introduced for the first time in May, at
the Bendix Research Laboratories Division's
Symposium on "Information Processing and Computer Technology" was a new solid state
"tunnel" device by Dr. H. F. Matartf, Research
Laboratories scientist.
The new tunnel "triode" represents a
major step forward in the use of high-speed
tunnel-diode techniques, which have permitted
computer memories to achieve extremely high
speeds.

to companies of all sizes, and selling in
this market requires the adoption of a highly
flexible technique for marketing by adequate
demonstration the complex data processing
equipment, even if small-scale. The Computeramas will provide demonstrations to executives of electronic computing and data processing equipment. Two Royal Precision computers and data processors, one LGP-30 and
one RPC-4000, are housed in each trailer.
They will be taken literally to the doorsteps of businesses, research, and scientific organizations, government agencies,
and universities throughout the United States.
About 500 Royal Precision computer installations have been made to date.

In the earlier use of tunnel diodes as
memory elements, the act of retrieving the
information stored in the diode caused the
memory state to be erased, whenever the computer sought to determine the stored information. This required the "re-conditioning" of
the diode each time in order to restore it to
its original memory state.
The new tunnel triode technique permits
"non-destructive readout", because the third
terminal can be used to sense the binarystate condition of the triode without affecting its memory content.

FREE DATA-PROCESSING TRAINING COURSES

The triode described by Dr. Matare makes
use of certain properties of unipolar transistors invented and developed by him several
years ago. This tunnel triode, or "unipolar
tunnel transistor", appears to constitute a
marked improvement over previous devices which
attempted to sense the state of the tunnel diode. Previous methods were limited in speed
(which is the main advantage of the tunnel
diode) because of two effects known as carrier
storage and relaxation. The unipolar tunnel
transistor will be relatively insensitive to
these effects and will, therefore, retain the
high speed advantage of the tunnel devices.

A three day seminar, designed specifically as an introductory course to data processing, has been scheduled for July 5, 6
and 7 by this division. The sessions will
be held from 8:30 A.M. to 10:30 A.M. Eastern
Daylight Time in the Computer Division's
facility at 3900 Welsh Road, Willow Grove.

MOBILE COMPUTER DEMONSTRATIONS FOR EXECUTIVES
Royal McBee Corporation
Port Chester, N.Y.

Philco Corporation
Computer Division
Willow Grove, Pa.

The course is primarily designed for
operating, supervisory and secretarial personnel to acquaint them with the basic elements of data processing. There is no charge
for the seminar. Enrollment can be made by
writing to C. A. Leventhal, manager of customer education, Philco Computer Division.

Three Royal McBee officials were on hand
at the end of April for the dispatching of the
first of four, mobile, 50-foot-long "Computeramas" , which are now beginning a 100,000 milea-year tour of American cities. The market
for electronic computing equipment now reaches

~61

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

5B

MERGING OF PLANT AND OFFICE AUTOMATION
George M. Muschamp
Vice President, Industrial Proqucts Group
Minneapolis Honeywell Regulator Co.
Minneapolis, Minn.
(Based on a paper given at the 5th Conference
on Manufacturing Automation, Purdue Univ.,
Lafayette, Ind., April 17, 1961)
A new era in industrial automation, in
which a'utomatic controls in the plant will be
"married" to data processing equipment in the
office, is in the offing for U.S. industry.

While automatic operations for a whole
enterprise can become complex, they can be
built step-by-step. An example is provided
by one of the nation's largest electric companies, Philadelphia Electric.
The company is installing an on-line
digital computer whose primary function will
be to direct the network control system to
make certain that power is always produced
at minimum cost. But the computer also will
perform a secondary function by obtaining
basic data for billing of power exchanged
between interconnected companies.

The effects of this marriage will be to
produce more goods more economically, to provide more of the types of jobs that can be
done better by people, and to require more
education to fit people for these jobs.
The issue may prove to be the most i~
portant confronting every major industrial
enterprise. For management, it will mean
more work, if we are to bring this wedding
off as an economical union and not as a costly collision.
Automatic operations in plants and
offices already have attained a high degree
of development. It is possible now to merge
these two massive developments.
We can reorganize the paper work -- the
present end product of most automatic office
equipment -- so that the information, in addition to serving as a record, can be fed automatically into plant control systems.
We can automatically acquire from the
process both the information needed for automatic control and the information needed for
accounting. We can automatically feed the
necessary information back to the process
for automatic control. This will lead to
parallel automatic operations in place of the
present man-machine serial operations.

drj

thj

ne~

nie
atj

MEETING ON COMPUTER STORAGE ALLOCATION
The successful consummation of this marriage could constitute the greatest industrial
event of the 1960's.

sec

in1

A. w. Holt
Chairman, Storage Allocation Committee
Association for Computing Machinery
c/o Applied Data Research, Inc.
759 State Road
Princeton, N.J.
The Storage Allocation Committee of the
Association for Computing Machinery held an
open technical meeting in Princ@ton, N.J., on
June 23 and 24, 1961, under the sponsorship
of Applied Data Research, Inc. The purpose
of the committee is to faci 1 i tate and encourage the exchange of information and to
stimulate new work on the subject. The
storage allocation problem is the problem of
finding computational methods for carrying
out part or all of the assignment, use, and
control of all forms of information retention
available in the environment of a computing
system.

rat

ma~

and

in1
fil
inf

cal
of
req

cat
fie
of
age
fro

con:
cal
a1.

$10

cap

At the Princeton meeting, technical
papers were presented on automatic storage
allocation techniques and their applications
to real-time systems. Discussion on the subjects, "Toward a Definition of the Storage
Allocation Problem," and "Pre-planned vs.
Dynamic Methods of Storage Allocation," were
held.

pre

It is becoming more and more difficult
to draw a clean line of separation between
automatic control in the plant and automatic
data processing equipment in the office.
The immense challenge before management
is to minimize the intolerable and costly
overlapping which will occur if we continue
the separate pursuit of plant and office
automation.
6B

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COM

MICROMINIATURE COMPUTER UNIT:

PARALLEL ADDER

General Electric Co.
Receiving Tube Department
Oweftshoro, Ky.
A microminiature computer unit about the
size of a package of cigarettes was demonstrated in March by this company.

ons
c
nman
rn-

The tiny computer showed the feasibility
of using General Electric's TIMM (Thermionic
Integrated Micro Module) concept for data processing systems.

cin-

~

ach
gy

The developmental model displayed was a
three-bit parallel adder containing 16 NOR
modules. The TIMM components themselves,
arranged in stacks of four, are about the
size of four cigarettes.
The TIMM components are radiation tolerant. They withstand both pulse and steadystate radiation with little or no effects,
during or after exposure. Also TIMM circuits
need very little power, only 240 milliwatts,
in the case of the 98-tube display computer.

rs.
etic
e
s
c-

The TIMM concept is especially useful
for applications requiring high-componentdensity equipment where radiation is encountered. These include computers used for guidance in missile" for nuclear reactor controls
and for satellite applications.

e
)lit-

:>

rlcy
Designed to operate at 580 degrees C.,
TIMM circuits make use of the heat that
would normally cause malfunction in transistorized computers.

rl-

IS

Each of the 16 modules in the demonstration computer contained a triode, five diodes
and two resistors. Thus, the three-bit parallel adder contained 130 components.

ls

no•
\~
"

Although the demonstration unit was not
packaged in optimum form, its component density is about 43,OOO'per cubic foot. Considerably higher component density is possible.
The entire unit could be built. into a space
of 1.8 cubic inches which would represent an
operating density of 125,000 per cubic foot.
This estimate is based on a predicted packing
factor of 30 per eent, including leads.
Weight of the 130 components, plus spacers,
was only 1.38 ounces.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COMMERCIAL DATA PROCESSING SERVICE
ESTABLISHED BY A BANK
The Waterbury National Bank
Waterbury, Conn.
and
Bendix Corporation
Bendix Computer Division
5630 Arbor Vitae St.
Los Angeles 45, Calif.
The Waterbury National Bank announced in
March that it has signed an agreement with
The Bendix Corporation for lease of data .processing equipment manufactured by the company's Computer Division. The bank is beginning a data processing project unique to
banking in the United States, and is believed
to be the first national bank to establish a
commercial data processing service. This
'pilot-plan' operation has been authorized by
supervisory authorities. Experience gained
in this project may be used as a guide for
the 13,000 commercial banks in this country.
To facilitate development of the service
bureau, the Automated Accounting Center of
Connecticut was organized as a division of
The Waterbury National Bank. This division
will furnish data processing services to companies, which, like the bank, can not afford
to set up an installation exclusively for
their own use.
The center's service will be sold on a
time and fee basis to any business in the
state, and in certain areas in bordering
states. The bank will not furnish the services free in exchange for deposit accounts
or increases in deposit balances. The service will be priced to be profitable to the
bank, as well as economical to even small
business firms.
To familiarize businessmen with the
center's operation, a series of special data
processing seminars will be conducted by the
bank. These sessions will serve to introduce
the new technology to many organizations which
do not have computing machinery. The bank is
hopeful that the project will stimulate the
economic growth of the community and the
state •
The data processiRg system is in the
medium-price range (50,000 to 500,000 dollars~
and will be linked into a magnetic-ink sorterreader. In addition to processing information
from punched paper tape and magnetic tape, the
computer will process data read directly from
magnetic-ink symbols and numbers pre-printed
OR checks, deposit slips, and any other paper
of workable size and weight.

78

When all components of the system are
fully integrated, two-thirds of the computing
center's time will be used to process large
quantities of business and industrial data.
The remaining time will be utilized by the
bank for its accounting work.

the card is inserted and the operating lever
is pushed, the punched holes have closed
switches and the unpunched holes have open
switches. The unit thus lends itself to automatic control of machinery, for example, where
patch board programming has been found insufficient.

It is expected that the Automated Accounting Center of Connecticut will serve the following types of btisinesses: manufacturing
concerns of all types and sizes; paper, brass,
and textile mills; wholesale supply houses
(industrial, building, food, drug, etc.);
accountants; supermarkets; department and
clothing stores; publishers; engineering firms;
all businesses with delivery routes; utilities;
insurance agencies; hospitals; banks; and many
others.

Uni'
bee
aim

age

f

I

1000 CONTROLLABLE SWITCHES IN LESS
THAN ~ CUBIC FOOT

adv
ver
an
ic
mac
Inf
Ele

Taurus Corporation
Lambertville, N.J.

pac
and

A new punched card switch has been developed by this company. The model K-IOOO punched
card switch provides 1000 switches operable
from a card supplied by the company having
twenty rows by fifty columns. There is a
separate switch for each hole position. After

inf
in
Boc
mo~

cn

Many previous units of this type made by
this company have been cycled over 100,000
times without failure. Units used constantly
for over four years are still giving reliable
and trouble-free service. This reliability
is attributed to gold plating used over silver plating in the switch contacts.

es1
am

ha~

ate

(I:
(2:
rna'
WOI

pu
fa
of
ac

In

co
8B

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

CC

APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION TO LIBRARIES
TO BE STUDIED

~ver

~n

Verner W. Clapp, President
Council on Library Resources, Inc.
1025 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington 6, D.C.

autowhere
lsuf-

A $50,000 grant to the Library of the
University of Illinois Chicago Division has
been made by this council, for a project
aimed at helping university libraries in the
age of automation.

h
f

t

The purpose of the project is to apply
advanced data processing techniques to university library procedures, and to develop
an over-all system using the latest electronic equipment, as well as to adapt business
machines for library use.
The research staff will work with the
Information Systems Division of the General
Electric Co. on the project.
Many library procedures have not kept
pace with the increasing number of patrons
and the tremendous increase in the amount of
information now available.
The number of titles published annually
in the U.S. has increased 46% since 1929.
Books classified as technical, which are those
most used in university libraries, have increased 94% in the same time.

o

e by

In the field of periodicals alone, it is
estimated that more than 50,000 are published
annually in 60 different languages.

ntly
able
ty
il-

The unprecedented growth in libraries
has not been matched by the output of graduate library schools.
The subj ects of the study include:
(1) mechanization of cataloging procedures;
(2) determination of the advisability of automatic compilation of a book catalog which
would have general distribution on the campus; (3) dissemination of information to
faculty and research staff; (4) microstorage
of library materials; (5) an investigation of
acquisition and circulation procedures.

i}

;11
:;

similar large retail establishments was described by this company at a recent convention
of the National Retail Merchants Association.
This system is based on the "jacket concept", which uses a transparent plastic jacket
to carry the original document or sales slip
through the entire process.
All the information required for processing is coded on a strip of magnetic tape
fastened to the jacket. Once an operator encodes information on the strip, the document
is automatically inserted into the jacket and
all subsequent operations are completed without manual processing.
The next operation is to sequence the
jacket by account number in the classifier,
which merges at a speed of 10 per second and
sequence~ up to 3 or 4 per second. Again re-.
cognizing the information recorded on the strlp
of magnetic tape, the jacket reader transfers
the data to a computer at a speed of 5 items a
second.
The data processor: (1) calculates cyclic
and control totals and various taxes; (2) updates the accounts receivable file; (3) produces aged account receivable reports; (4)
prints customer statements; (5) processes
changes to the accounts receivable file; and
(6) produces management reports. It can also
be used for payroll, accounts payable and inventory control.
When the information on the jacket has
been fully processed, the document is automatically removed from its plastic protective
envelope and stacked sequentially for later
inclusion in the customers' statement.
Intelex points out that the new system
requires no new sales floor procedures, retains "Country Club" billing methods, retains
the present paper sales check, and provides
the current credit status of individual
accounts.
Another advantage lies in the fact that
the original source document travels throughout the original system with its related electronic coding for reference and audit-trail
purposes.

AUTOl\JATIC DOCUMENT SORTING AND ACCOUNTING
USING PLASTIC JACKETS
International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. (ITT)
67 Broad Street
New York 4, N.Y.
An automatic document sorting and accounting system for department stores and

961

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

9B

DIGITAL COMPUTERS USED TO PREDICT
TIlE QUALITY OF METAL CASTINGS

INVESTMENT FIRM USES COMPUTER
TO PROJECT STOCK EARNINGS

Ellis Foster and B. L. Fletcher
Battelle Memorial Institute
Columbus 1, Ohio

Radio Corporation of America
New York, N.Y.

Digital computers can now be used to
eliminate trial-and-error experiments in predicting the quality of metal castings.
The key to computer analysis of castings
is a method of accurately predicting the patterns of heat removal from a solidifying
casting. With this established, almost every
variable of the casting process can be evaluated on the basis of its effect on solidification and soundness of the ingot.
The first step in studying casting problems by computer is to describe the physical
situation in terms of a mathematical model
which can be used to predict the thermal behavior overtime of a casting under specified
conditions. Once the computed predictions
have been checked by experimental work, the
mathematical model can then be used to predict the effects of altered casting procedures or shapes without further experimentation.
Computer analysis is especially valuable
for intrinsically expensive cast metals like
uranium and for cast metals like niobium and
molybdenum which are easily affected by defects in the castings.
This analytical technique could also be
applied to continuous casting, where it is
inconvenient to vary conditions experimentally because of the large-scale operation; to
developing specifii'ca,tions for shapes and sizes
of risers by evaluating mold materials, pouring temperatures, and metal properties; and
to heat treating by evaluating how long and
at what temperature metal should be kept in
furnaces or baths to achieve a desired result.

An electronic computer is at work performing the detailed statistical calculations
of investment analysis for the Lehman Corp.
In cooperation with the RCA Electronic
Systems Center at 45 Wall Street, N.Y., Lehman
Corp. is projecting future common stock earnings for some 200 public utility companies.
The earnings projection is one of the principal factors, among many others, used by management in making investment decisions.
The investment company provides the
Center with twenty coded punch cards for each
utility, containing 175 items such as energy
unit sales, rate base, capital structure,
rates of return, and cash flow, among others.
This information is converted to magnetic
tape and introduced into the computer. The
computer projects the common stock earnings
for each company for the next four years according to a formula. To achieve the same
results by conventional means would require
a total of approximately 400 man-days.
Earnings projections of the various companies need be calculated simultaneously to
be meaningful. So 8 new factor of efficiency
has been introduced in the decision-making
process affecting this important area of investment.
In prOjecting the COmmoB stock earnings
both a rate base method and a unit iales
method is used. Once the analytical work is
programmed, it will be possible to feed updated information into the data processing
system at any future time and print out the
desired results in minutes.

size
stra

of u
Inte
cess
thrE
modL
arrc:
SiZE

ant.
sta1
durj
nee(
in 1
for
denl
erec
ancl
and
TIMl
wou.
tor.
tio
and
all
pac
ity
era
The
of
ope
Thi
lac
Wei
was

Fabrication precesses also bave characteristics that CBn he studied by the techniques. For example, the temperature attained
by a forging is the product of the metal properties, the energy imparted in forming, the
metal's illiti-al tellperature, aM the heat
losses by conduction, convection, and radiation. The mechanical properties also vary
with teaperature aDd the ability of a material to be formed may lie withiR a certain tempecature range.

lOB

MICR

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COM

MICROFILM SEARCH AT 100 PAGES A SECOND
Ie
e

ed
om-

ill
o
d

ill

FMA, Inc.
142 Nevada St.
El Segundo, Calif.
A new machine which can automatically
search a 32,000-page file and present desired
information in less time than it takes to
drink a cup of coffee has been developed by
this company.
Called FileSearch, the machine combines
new advances in optical and electronic techniques, and is able to retrieve stored information from micro-filmed files at the fastest
rate yet known.

the
an
, on
ip
se
o
I

The system stores 32,000 standard-sized
magazine pages on a single reel of microfilm,
and can accommodate over 1,600,000 pages of
information, enough to crowd 40 four-drawer
file cabinets, in a single file cabinet. When
information is desired, the machine automatically searches the microfilm reels at the rate
of 100 pages a second, making copies of the
requested material.
With this machine, a researcher can locate in a few minutes all the data on a specific subject from an accumulation of thousands
of pages of reports or documents. In an average working day he can obtain selected data
from over three million pages on file.

of

,g

nd
Ition
ng

The machine has been designed to meet the
commercial need for an economical and practical system of information storage and retrieval. The price of the system, slightly over
$100,000 is far below that of any other system
capable of automatically performing such comprehensive information storage and retrieval.

Ie

ons
subre

This company has establisked production
schedules for the machine. The first system
has been sold to the Navy's Bureau of Ships,
Washington, D.C., with delivery scheduled
within the next month.
The system is basically composed of a
recording unit and a retrieval unit. The
recording unit photographs files of documents
along with a description of each document's
contents which is coded in the form of opaque
spots. These are stored together on reels of
microfilm.
The machine, from its request card input
to its printed hard copy or film output, is
integrated into a single console (71x55x50
inches) except for a recording camera and
simple indexing machine. No associated units
such as computers, card readers, etc., are
required.
The retrieval unit searches for and
finds the facts desired. It can check 6,400
standard pages (~xll) on film per minute,
and select out for viewing or printing, hard
copy or film, any of those pages containing
the type of information requested. Requests
for information originally are fed into the
machine by punched cards. The system can
handle up to six requests simultaneously.
Th& facts requested from the masses of
information stored on film may be projected
on the machine's screen for viewing by the
requestor. If permanent, usable records on
paper are required, the machine then produces
an immediate hard-copy print of the document.
120 BUSINESSMEN PLAY MASS "MANAGEMENT GAME"
Radio Corporation of America
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York 20, N.Y.
If an electronic computer can evaluate
all the variables of a national election and
accurately forecast the winner, then it should
be able to predict sales trends for a business.

,ere

Operating on that premise, 120 midwest
executives -- divided into 20 six-man teams
competed with each other at the RCA Electronic
Data Processing Center in Chicago on March 18
iii "management game", to demonstrate their
ability to manage a business with the aid of
modern forecasting methods. The game was
staged for the eighth annual Midwest Conference.
The game, designed especially for the
conference by RCA, used the techniques developed in RCA's successful forecasting of the
961

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

lIB

1960 presidential election. It dealt with
management problems such as: sales forecasting, inventory management and profit optimization.
All the competing teams were assigned to
operate the same imaginary company over a
period of three years with the goal of turning
it into the most profitable concern in the industry. The company" executives" were required
to base inventories on their sales needs during the three-month period beyond the date of
the forecasts.
Forecasting techniques similar to those
used by ~CA in predicting the Kennedy victory
were employed to provide market data to the
management teams. Armed with this information, each team made its own decisrons regarding future inventories -- the primary factor
in measuring profit or loss.
Seven factors that might influence the
imaginary company's sales were fed into the
501 computer, along with management's decisions. They were:
Current bank interest rates.
Federal spending.
Employment level.
Consumer spending on certain luxury
items.
Income lost due to strikes.
Average farm spending.
Retail automobile sales.
Programming had been done in advance;
the computer required only 40 seconds to provide each sales forecast. Programming of a
sales forecasting method similar to the one
used in the game for the average company requires six man-months of work; but once it
is done it is permanent.
In contrast, a man working with a desk
computer would require three months to arrive
at the information needed for each forecast
and virtually all of his work would have to
be repeated for each period of operation.

HOW FINGER-TIP COUNTERS
KEEP AHEAD OF HAT SALES
Veeder Root Inc.
70 Sargeant St.
Hartford 2, Conn.
Finger-tip counters have saved time and
money by replacing laborious book and card
systems for recording sales of boy's hats at
the Pekett Headwear Company, New York.
This 50-year-old firm was faced with the
problem of keeping tabs on orders for some
300 different styles of hats, with the further
complication of having each style available in
five or six colors.
At first, a card system was devised, and
this was then discarded in favor of standard
books. Both of these methods, however, involved thumbing monotonously through lists,
papers, and pages before a single notation
could be made, causing both delays and occasional inaccuracies.
Finally, Sam Strauss, Office Manager,
decided to try banks of multiple-unit reset
counters, known as the "Vary-Tally" system.
These are mechanical, four-digit counting devices which advance one unit at finger-tip
pressure on a front lever.
Pekett's present Vary-Tally installation
consists of 1152 individual counters, arranged
in banks (see photo). There are 12 banks,
each consisting of individual units mounted
six tiers high and sixteen wide. Each counter
is marked with the style and color of a hat,
such as "Red 357," "Royal 1386," "Charcoal
237," "Willow 449," etc. These designations
are changed approximately every ~ix months
when a new line is introduced.
When a purchase order has been filled,
a secretary goes to the Vary-Tally counters
and "presses off the sale" in accordance with
the order. Each digit represents the sale of
one-half dozen hats.

In the "game" played Saturday, 30 minutes
were allowed for each management operation
covering one quarter of a year. The entire
game lasted from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., with an
hour's break for lunch.

the
Sym]
put~

"tUl

Lab~

majl
tUI)

corn]
spe,
mem
inf'
mem
put
tio
the
its
"no
ter
sta
ing
use
ist
yea
tUll

mar
att
OdE

(wh
die
ste
trc
thE
hi~

MOl

It was the final event of the conference,
which was co-sponsored by the Chicago chapter
of the American Statistical Association and
the Chicago Association of Commerce and
Industry.

at

fil
am.

a-;
fo:

12B

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COM]

n

n a

e

er

is
Yet,
Nork
nany
the
og
cleus
, or
reen."

imin"in-

)p-

lnate
.es,
have
~or

y
enicurl

s

nd
and
n

onng

f

led
e

n

n

e
able
:a-

in

1S

~' S

]61

BANK GOES TO EDP FOR DEPOSIT, INSTALLMENT
LOAN, CORPORATE TRUST, AND PERSONAL
TRUST ACCOUNTING
Pittsburgh National Bank
P. O. Box 777
Pittsburgh 30, Pa.
Contracts have been signed by this bank
with the General Electric Company for two complete GE 225 all-transistorized computer systems. The new equipment, the first of its
type to be installed in the Eastern United
States, will be used for deposit, installment
loan, corporate trust and personal trust accounting.
The first of the electronic data processing systems will be installed in the summer of
1962. The second system will be instafled by
the end of that year. The total system will
consist of two GE 225 computers, four document
sorter-readers, ten magnetic tape units, a
punched-card reader and punch, a punchedpaper reader and three high-speed printers.
One of the GE 225 computers will be
equipped with a magnetic tape system for storing and maintaining the account files for each
of the applications. The second computer will
perform all the data conversion operations.
High-speed printers will convert information
from the computers to printed form.
For customers' checking accounts, for
instance, magnetically encoded checks and deposit tickets will be "read" by the data conversion computer at an effective rate of
120,000 documents per hour. A battery of
four Document Sorters will then arrange the
checks in proper order for giving information
to the computer, each fine-sorting at the
rate of 14,000 checks an hour.
The file processing computer will then
digest the information. For the bank's demand
deposit accounts the computer will calculate
changes and post accounts at the rate of 1,500
a minute. To post checks, deposits, rejects,
overdrafts, stop payments, watch for holds,
and perform other steps, the computer will
make 16,000 calculations a second.
Finally, each high-speed printer will be
able to turn out 1,500 complete customer
statements perhour~

Upon completion of the second installation,
the combined system will handle all deposit
and check processing for the bank's 170,000
checking accounts, representing a total volume of approximately 190,000 items per day.
Corporate Trust, Personal Trust and Transit
Operations will then be converted to the new
electronic data processing system.
The system was designed by the bank's
Automation Development Division and a team
of specialists on computer systems from the
management consulting firm of Booz, Allen &
Hamilton.
READING AND WRITING ON MAGNETIC TAPE
AT 1200 BITS PER INCH
Potter Instrument Co.
Sunnyside Blvd.
Plainview, N.Y.
A new standard high-density, high-precision tape handler system has been developed
by this company. The unit is named the
PHD-1200 High Density System and includes the
90611 High Density Tape Handler used in the
Bendix G-20 System.
This high density magnetic ~igital tape
recording system offers the ability to read
and write tapes at packing densities of 1200
bits per inch with extreme reliability.
Transient error rates are fewer than I bit
in 108 ; permanent error rates are less than
I bit in 10 10 • More than 20,000 passes of
the same tape can be made without losing information or increasing the transient dropout
rate.
Dropouts are fewer than I in 10 billion
at 1200 bits per inch. More than 20,000
passes of the tape can be made without losing
information or significantly increasing the
reading error rate.
The tape transport operates at a tape
speed of 100 inches per second with a packing density of 1200 bits per inch, and a
rewind speed of 200 inches per second. The
one-inch wide tape contains eight information
channels, one block marker channel, and one
parity channel.

When the first system goes into operation, it will be used to process all checks
and deposits for the bank's 60,000 deluxe
checking accounts,which represent about
30,000 items a day. In addition, it will
handle the transactions for approximately
105,000 time-plan consumer-loan accounts.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

13B

MODEL OF COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
"TV STATION OF THE FUTURE" SHOWN
Radio Corporation of America
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York 20, N.Y.
A fully-automated television station,
with both broadcast programming and station
business procedures under complete control
of a computer system, has been developed for
the broadcasting industry. It was exhibited
in May be RCA at the meeting of the National
Association of Broadcasters in Washington,
D.C.
This equipment makes possible television
stations entirely controlled by an integrated
electronic system.
C. H. Colledge, Division Vice President
and General Manager, RCA Broadcast and Television Equipment Division, said the RCA concept represented "the ultimate in television
station automation -- a goal toward which the
industry is moving rapidly."
"A business as complex as a television
station, with its technical side, its sales
operation, billing, news, traffic and many
other aspects, can realize substantial efficiencies from automated control,n Mr. Colledge
said.
"We visualize the broadcaster approaching
full automation not all at once but in a threestep process: first, modernization of his
technical equipment; next, simplification of
operational controls; and finally, the integration of all station operations."
With the television industry's rapid
growth function upon function has been added
to station broadcast operations, greatly co~
plicating the control problem and creating a
confusing array of buttons to push and knobs
to turn.
Equipment improvements have been introduced to speed the march toward automatic
control, with its benefits of greater efficiency and the reduction of the chance of
human error. In station modernization programs, the use of such equipment is a first
stride toward automation.
Some of the most recent improvements in
this direction include a continuous loop for
film projectors, semi-automatic live cameras,
random access tape with automatic cue, and
an "automatic announcer".

and its TP-7 slide projector, providing a
complete sequence of slides synchronized with
a recorded announcement. The unit may be
operated by push button or by a signal cue
from other equipment.
Total automation enV1S1ons the complete
integration of the broadcasting and technical
functions with those of the business office,
using electronic data processing both for onthe-air switching and for such activities as
time availabilities, adjacencies, schedules
and billing, among others.
3rd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON CYBERNETICS,
NAMUR, BELGIUM, SEPT. 11-15, 1961
Secretariat
Association Internationale de Cybern€tique
13, rue Basse-Marcelle
Namur, Belgium
The 3rd International Congress on Cybernetics, called by the International Association for Cybernetics, will be held at Namur,
Belgium, September 11 to 15, 1961.
Five main themes will be considered:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

The bases and methods of cybernetics
Semantic machines
Automation: technical aspects
Automation: economic and social
aspects
Cybernetics and life

A general opening lecture will be given
by Mr. Georges Villiers, President of the
French National Employers Council.
General lectures followed by discussions
will be given also as follows:
"Cybernetics and Biology" by Dr. Henri
Laborit, principal physician of the
French National Navy, Director of the
Eutonological Laboratory of the PhysioBiological Research Section, Paris,
Sept. 12.
"Cybernetics of Evolution and SelfOrganization" by Mr. Gordon A. Pask,
System Research Ltd., Richmond, Sept.
13.
"Variability and Specificity" by Mr.
Fran~ois Bonsack, Professor at the
Federal Polytechnic High School,
Zurich, Switzerland, Sept. 14.
For further information, please write
to the Secretariat.

Th
Nor

proc
offi
Unit
mati
accu
3000
tioll
tiol1
will

Forn
each
istE
onl)
wan

abiJ
The
inve
othl
in ~
vat:
tool
app
ele
sal
tio
12,
are
Res
sea
in
mag

of
age
fU
la1

ret
cal
ma~

due

The "automatic announcer" is a combination of RCA's RT-7 cartridge tape recorder
14B

SUI

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COM

ed
eted
eth

DETERMINATION OF WEATHER VARIABLES
USING NEW DEVICES AND A COMPUTER
Armour Research Foundation
Illinois Institute of Technology
35 West 33rd St.
Chicago 16, Ill.

The digital computer reduces the large
quantity of measurement data to condensed
answers.
The proposed system would help fill the
present gap in the measurement of micrometeorological variables .

.ter.
ods
Iro-

lilar
two

Accurate determination of weather variables in areas up to 25 miles away is now
possible without venturing into the area under
study, according to scientists at this foundation.
A study indicates that it is possible to
determine the following weather variables at
a remote point: temperaturej relative humiditYj air pressurej wind directionj wind speed.
The proposed system also can determine these
weather factors at heights up to 5,000 feet
and, using an accompanying computer, provide
a meteorological profile.
Here is how the system would work: two
methods would be used for measuring temperature by passive means: (a) a microwave radiometer to measure the emission from oxygen in
the 60 KMC region of the microwave spectrumj
(b) a radiometer to measure the emission from
carbon dioxide in the 4.3 micron region of
the infrared spectrum. One means is primarily a radar instrument, the other an optical
instrument.
These radiometer readings would be converted to temperature-height profiles, and
complement one another providing fuller information.
The technique for measuring relative
humidity is similar to the technique for
measuring temperaturej the main differences
are in frequencies of the radiometers.
Wind information would be obtained by
detecting acoustic disturbances along a vertical line by an array of ground stations.
In this method, rocket grenades would be
used to produce the acoustic disturbances.
Appropriately placed stations would detect
the time and angle of arrival of each sound
burst.

TRANSISTORIZED DESK CALCULATING MACHINE
Electrosolids Corp.
13745 Saticoy St.
Panorama City, Calif.
A fully transistorized solid-state desk
calculator with instant response and no moving
parts is being developed by this company.
Called "TAC" (Transistorized Automatic Calculator), it is designed to compete in price
with conventional mechanical machines. Higher reliability is expected from the fact th.at
electrons can transfer information instead of
gears and cams. Since electrons travel at
the speed of light, the new calculator performs addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division almost instantaneously while
mechanical machines require several seconds
to work out some of their functions.
The sales in the desk calculator business
today is estimated at $60,000,000 to $75,000,00)
per year. However, no machines currently mark- '
eted are transistorized. The new desk computer is expected to enter the market late in
1961.
Comparable ten-column calculators cost as
high as $695. The new computer is expected to
sell for $495.
Computron Corp., a subsidiary of Electrosolids, will manufacture the new computers.
The subsidiary will be under the direction of
Dr. Stanley Frankel.
A former consultant of General Electric
and Packard-Bell, Dr. Frankel has been active
in the field of electronic computers since
1947. He formerly taught at California
Institute of Technology.

This data, coupled with information of'
the position of the explosions, atmospheric
temperature, relative humidity, and density
allow the wind structure to be deduced.
Using knowledge of air pressure at the
ground, and the temperature and relative
humidity data from the radiometers, the
pressure-height profile is easily constructed
by a computer.

961

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

15B

HIGH SPEED TESTING OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS BY "SATE"
General Precision, Inc.
Lihrascope Div.
Glendale 1, Calif.
A new system for high speed testing of
electronic components has been introduced by
this company.
The system, called SATE for Semi-Automatic Test Equipment, is designed to replace
tedious manual testing now necessary to check
component reliability.
The system will evaluate components for
combinations of ten parameters and accept or
reject each at a machine rate of 1800 co~
ponents per hour.

broe

mad

coml
by t

One of the first systems is in use testing transistors, and is providing a saving of
96% over the cost of performing the equivalent
manual tests.

of ~
abl(
the

Each module in the electronic console
controls one of ten test stations in the mechanical handling console, shown in the picture at the right. The modules contain
binary-type logic circuitry for making go/nogo decisions.
Each module is provided with controls
for setting test conditions and establishing
parameter limits.
An operator inserts components in a revolving table in the mechanical handling console. The table carries the component to
each of the ten test stations. At each station the component is tested for a different
parameter and is automatically rejected if it
fails to meet predetermined limits.
Plug-in modular circuitry incorporated
in the design of SATE permits flexibility in
application for immediate uses and adaptation
to changes in the state-of-the-art in the
electronic component industry.
SATE automatically performs continuing
self-checking during operation to insure
testing accuracy.

l6B

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

COMP

as it
) the
acticconeen:ions,
at he
f the
nput
t imleeial
e on
:over
Dugh
~ few

You can solve your computer problems quickly and economically by using our 32K-word storage IBM 704.
Whether you need long or short runs, they can be readily scheduled on our machine at the same attractive
rate for every shift-$275 per hour, including all peripheral equipment and operators - Bring your program
to us and work in our Client's Room between runs-or mail us your program with instructions for running it
and we will mail back the printout within 24 hours-or simply leave your entire problem in the hands of
our capable mathematical analysts and programmers whose skills can be relied upon - If you need pipe
stress, structural stress, flow analysis, or curve fitting, one of our general programs might well be just
what you are looking for _ To take advantage of our prompt, efficient computer services, write, wire or call
us collect, Hilltop 5-4321, extension 1449.

ELECTRIC BOAT GE~E~~~S6~~A~CS GIIIIIIIID

~llec­

ADD

. few
,jnecl
. the

INFINITUM

d we
~vate

::tual
mrk.
practual,
lsult
v atcases
ltral
r atlater
.lure

the
:s of
anal
anal
item
xing
:malput
phathe
sysvaillaws
:lata
IOns
lawlOre
lher

19ly
"eas-

ii luive,

ilh?
lWO

iral

ion.
1!I(il

COMPUTERS alld AUTOMATION for .July, 19GI

17

THE COMING TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(Continued from page 16)
will also routinely introduce his data on a patient
into a network of "consultative wisdom." The patient's
entire history, the results of all tests, the symptoms
and complaints, and a statement of the family background of inherited tendencies-all this will be efficiently introduced into the medical intellectronics
system. The system will quickly react to give the doctor key portions of the equivalent of many consultations with other physicians. It will call out questions
and possibilities our physician may not have considered. It will give statistical probabilities (it will
have the amassed data to do so) of the relative effectiveness of various treatments-with numerous variations
and warnings to account for corollary possibilities and
complications. All of this will be automatically turned
up by the machine, triggered by the specific, detailed
data that the physician introduced about his patient.
Notice that with diseases nationally monitored the
statistical approach to medical practice will take on an
entirely new stature. Cause and effect relationships
will be studied on a large and rapid scale, tying ailment to treatment. And again, the system will raise
the intellectual effort of the users-the physicians.
Missile Design
The engineering field has already been revolutionized by intellectronics. The intercontinental ballistic
missile would today be many years away if we had not
extended the brains of the designer by electronics.
Thousands of flights would have been needed in a
clumsy trial-and-error approach. Instead, mere dozens
of actual flights have been sufficient to finalize the
engineering and prove out the design. The thousands
of flights took place in the simulation laboratories,
and the selection of the right combination of design
parameters out of the myriad of possibilities-too huge
a task for human comparison and sorting alone-was
made by a man-machine partnership.
Library Organization
We observe that one of the things we can do with
electronics is to create a library of information that is
both mammoth and yet almost instantly accessible.
But the memory extension is far from the total effect.
The properly designed artificial intelligence works on
the library's information. It has built into it a set
of logical rules chosen by the human partner. With
this logic, and with the information in its memory,
the machine can handle the low intellectual tasks of
the first sorting, the categorizing, the comparing, the
selecting, and the presenting. These tasks, done well,
require typically that tremendous volumes of data be
processed quickly. The machine member of the partnership does this high-quantity, high-rate part of the
intellectual job, allowing the higher intellect of the
human partner to concentrate on the more subtle,
less predictable, less routine aspects-the conclusiondrawing, decision-making, judgment phases of the
in tellectual task.
Money and Banking
Take money and banking, and the wbole proccss of
kceping track of who owns what, where it is, and who
owcs whom. How absurd that for this kind of work
we still have millions of people engaged all day in
IH

putting little marks on pieces of paper, reading thcm
off, entering them-without much need for delibcration in the process. Most of this is as unsuitable [or
the human intellect as pulling huge stones to build
the pyramids was for human muscles. Some day currency and coins will be for the rural areas. Even
checks and most other forms of today's original records
may become extinct. If you buy a necktie or a house,
your thumb before an electronic scanner will identify
you, and the network will debit your account and
credit the seller. The system will automatically do
the routine accounting and will call out any problems
in the transaction. (Of course, occasionally, a transistor burning out in Kansas City may accidentally wipe
out someone's fortune in Philadelphia. There will
continue to be some dangers and risks in life in the
period ahead, although many will likely be new ones.)
Reservations
How about the making of reservations-airlines,
hotels, and the like-and the waste in human intellectual capacity which is entailed in this increasingly
important aspect of keeping the operations of the
world going? In the future, we should be able to step
up to a telephone-like device and, after consulting
something much like a telephone book, dial a reservation request. The instrument will respond by giving
a "no'~ answer, or will display alternatives that are
available, or indicate an acceptance of our request. It
will print out the ticket, automatically charging our
account, avoiding errors, confusion, disappointment,
and poor use of available accommodations,
So far as technology is concerned, there is nothing
a bout the library or the money or banking or reservation problems that requires any new invention in
pure science for the application of intellectronics. It
does take a great deal of engineering to achieve any
one of the specific advances we might cite, and we apparently can do without any given one today. However, in each instance, we see that the increased volumes and rates, and, again, the interactions and complexities of our growing information-controlled world,
are pressing for new systems for handling these intellectual processes.
Control of Moving Things
It is hard to find a better example of the urgent
need for man-machine, intellectronics partnerships
to handle thinking tasks than the control of things
moving in the sky and even on the ground. It is clear
that a human brain unaided-whether that of a pilot,
an airport controller, or a Los Angeles automobile
driver-cannot integrate all of the changing, dynamic,
split-second facts to make decisions leading to the
smoothest, safest, maximum use of a traffic artery.
Intellectronics measurements . are needed instantaneously on the nature, quantity, rate of change, spatial
spread, and interrelation of traffic. Automatic predictions then need to be made as to consequences, and
directions issued to control the flow. Not only will
the handling of airplanes and the role of the pilot be
drastically changed with time, but it is not completely
ridiculous to imagine automobiles of the future which
go on electronic control as they enter a crowded, speedy
freeway-the driver limited to push-buttoning his
chosen exit.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1%1

W(
lion
sibili
arise
lenge
challl
oppo
to SOl

Wl
Ther
logic
the t
otic?
scien
"tak(
creas
with
quiT(
erati,
tion,
techl
to d
kind
fronl
abili
socie
getti
offsp
shak
~

Ti

facte
cour
the'
logic
doin
mitt
lIsef;
that
neee
ciol(
beca
pen
s~ill

thin
bett
or i:
T

ing
lagg

that
trCl1

stro
due
COl'

s used
guage
! fields
lether
ltions.
he file
luring
. The
layout
th the
npiler
Isking
,rocess
Ipiler,
Lg an
to its
Lpilers
which
'GET
multiIt the
~e are
LS are
guage
i used
quirepilers
lermit
code.
h are
Table
an be
)f the
ntage
to a

"The
ouble
t let's
~e has
ource
ng a
great

!cts a
blem(the
chine
lantransconpient
ie of
1 can
y IS
.I!)(il

..

Management
The average business can shift between profit and
loss positions easily, by just raising or degrading the
information available for decision-making by management. We are working on management control systems in which information as to what is happening
will be electronically compared with the plan. Deviations will automatically produce directives for
changes in operation in accordance with "stored" logic
set in by management to cover many possible situations; or the system will call out warnings, when the
unexpected happens, to the higher intellect of the
human supervisors who are kept free for the unpredictable, more difficult, nonrecurring situations. This
is the same as having additional and more knowledgeable managers, and it also helps toward the goal of
putting management on a scientific basis.
Language
Clearly, most of the physical operations of the world
(such as production, transportation, communication)
are candidates for passing under intellectronics systems control. It is also significant to note that many
of these operations involve world-wide integration and
interconnection. In the coming years, many millions
of human beings-and their extensions in the form of
electronic devices with electronically coded information-will be increasingly in direct contact with each
other across the world's language barriers. No wonder
one of the most interesting intellectronics areas in
which we are engaged is the automatic translation of
natural languages. Again, the machine member of the
team provides the crude first cut. It also identifies
double meaning possibilities and weighs the alternatives based on what has preceded. It assists and sets
up for the more brainy human partner, and the combination turns out a far better performance than either
alone.
.
The concept of what language is will probably
change drastically in the years ahead. The machine
partners in the universal electronic systems of the future will want the facts and the rules in the most efficient form possible. They will create pressure for a
universal, purely informational, completely logical and
consistent kind of language. Natural languages, with
their origins in earlier nontechnical ages, do not satisfy
all these conditions. The technological, intellectronics
period of the future may force on the world a new kind
of language reform.
Education of Human Brains
The most truly intellectual activity of all must be
the education of the human brain. Now, we are approaching a crisis in education because, while the needs
of the more complicated, more populous world are
increasing rapidly, our ability to place human resources behind the educational system is apparently
decreasing. But an intellectronics system could make
a tenfold change in the effectiveness of education. The
human educator can have tools analogous to the physician's X-ray machines and electrocardiographs. The
routine material can be machine-presented, leaving the
more difficult concepts for the higher intellect of the
human educator. Programmed machines can stimulate
thinking of the student. An electronic presenter can
speed up or slow down, add more explanations, skip
COMPUTERS

(I1ld

AUTOMATION for .July, 1961

steps, even as it makes the presentation-all as a result
of continually noting the student's push-button responses to questions and then automatically changing
the material or its pace to correspond to the student's
apparent comprehension.
An intellectronics system can be built to remember
the progress of any number of students, even in the
millions if that is desired. It can compare their tested
learning with the plan. It can measure and report
deviations. Yet, that same system can immediately
recognize an individual student and give him an accelerated or other special presentation or test-all by
a virtually instantaneous scan of his record and by
following rules that have been set in by the wiser
human educator.
When the educator discusses a student's progress, he
can have before him broad records of plans and performance for that student, as well as complete statistics
on much of the whole educational process.
Such a future educational system would involve
new large industries employing experts in the subjects
to be taught, in the design of programs, and in the
design and production of the devices and the systems.
There will be new professional groups within an
augmented educational profession to provide for statistical study and planning, diagnosis, and generally
for the matching of the synthetic intelligence of the
machine with the human brain to achieve the fullest
utilization of both in an educational system really
suited to the coming technological age. The human
educator will be able to rise to a higher level of intellectual endeavor, relieved of much of the volume of
routine intellectual work so much a part of the teaching profession today.
Military Command
In assuring the defense of our nation, it IS some
years now since the first priority was to create the
force, exemplified by the bomb, to provide the necessary military might for defense purposes. We now are
already passing through the next phase, where we are
providing the capability of delivering the force wherever it is needed on any part of the earth's surface in
a very short time. The coming, urgent, highest priority
area in the application of technology to the military is
in the intellectual aspect of the military problem-in
control and command, observation and communications. In a world in which one nation can inflict decisive damage on another in a few minutes, even though
they are separated by half the earth, sound military
action requires knowing what is going on everywhere.
And this tremendous amount of diverse, confusing,
and continually shifting warnings and other information must be put together into sound conClusions ready
for major all-out decisions, with minor ones made automatically and rapidly in accordance with some prearranged plan. A man-machine, intellectronics partnership is the only answer in sight to this problem.
Brain Power
In the world ahead, brain power is going to be the
secret of success-the source of stature, of adjustment,
of security-whether for nations or for the world as a
whole. But brain power in the future will clearly be
reckolled as the sum of natural human intelligence
plus electronic intelligence. And that nation will be
I!J

most influential and secure in the future that has the
greatest total of developed brain power. This means
the maximum development of its natural human intelligence and the greatest exploitation of science and
technology to produce synthetic intelligence. There
is a snowballing effect here. The greater the synthetic
intelligence, the more it will help to develop and increase the usefulness of natural intelligence; the
greater the human intelligence, the more certain we
will be to have the highest state of development of
the artificial intellectronics systems and the better
will be the match.
So far, we have seen some major technological possibilities of the society of the future in relation to certain specific functions. It is time now to widen our
view and look at what some of the consequences might
be in some of the broader aspects of life-freedom and
democracy, international cooperation, our understanding of the universe, even art and music. Perhaps just
to mention these words suggests a presumptuous departure on my part from the narrow and more proper
goal I set for myself as a technologist at the beginning.
Yet, the next remarks are not really inconsistent with
the desire to keep my comments to my special field. It
is simply that it may be of aid to those who are skilled
in these other fields if some points are offered by the
technologist for their consideration.
Not a Regimented Future
To start with, we have the problem that as a result
of the preceding description some may take away with
them one very wrong impression; namely, that the
world of the future will be an automated, robot-like,
regimented world, with man-even though the controller and originator-no more than an anonymous
cog. The world will be one in which freedom, democracy, the creative spirit-all such concepts-will be
pushed into the background as a mad complex of
men, machines, communications, and vehicles interacts to produce, move, and keep track of everything
that makes up the material aspects of life.
Greater Democracy
I want to stress that this is not only an unnecessary
consequence, but that it is an unlikely one. Let me
use another example, one which is certainly an exaggeration to prove a point, but which, as with all of the
previous examples, has a technologically valid basis.
Suppose we want to achieve the greatest possible participation by the people of the world in determining
plans and policies. We want greater democracy. We
want to insure that we are all occupied with thinking
about the issues that control our lives. Now, imagine
that the delibera tive bodies, the congresses, of the
world are exposed to every home continuously by a
special television-like unit. Suppose also that it is the
practice in the technological society of the future for
a large fraction of the issues to come up for a vote,
not just by the congress, but by the people. For emphasis, let us imagine a somewhat extreme situation,
doubtlessly beyond either practicality or desirability,
in which it is the custom for the registered voters
several Limes a day to identify themselves to the home
voting machine (with their scanned thumbprints) and
to put in a "yes" or a "no," or a vote for "A," "B," or
"C." The national system then automatically registers,

checks, adds up, determines, and immediately announces to the nation the majority viewpoint. Clearly,
the highly technological society of the future can he
one in which communications are so widespread and
efficient that frequent voting is easy, participation is
virtually guaranteed, interest is heightened, and apathy
and ignorance are virtually eliminated.
In short, to those who are skilled in political science, it is worth suggesting that one of the characteristics of the technological society ahead of us is that we
can have as much participation by the average citizen
in the affairs of the world as we choose to have, within
the limits of his interest in the issues. Technology
makes possible, obviously, more than any practical
arrangement of society will permit us to use. After
all, we could not operate stably if too many voters oscillated from day to day in their choice of chief executive, something which technology makes possible
but which is hardly acceptable as a political reality.
International Cooperation
By the year 2000, the pressures must certainly be
enormous for international cooperation on a scale that
we cannot hope to detail today, and those who study
world social forces will want to give new emphasis to
the technological aspects. We have previously pointed
out the pressure that the machine partner will create
for uniform language, at least language as it applies
to information transmittal to keep the world's operations going. As another instance, we have already
become reconciled to the increasing traffic in the skies
and in space, both in numbers and in speed, and to
the need for world-wide navigation and traffic control, if the situation is to be an orderly one rather than
a nerve-racking one.
Weather Control
As a. future example, we can hardly imagine a
world-wide weather control system, unless indeed it
is one that involves world cooperation. Picture a system involving simultaneous measurements at many
places on the earth's surface, in the atmosphere, and
out in space, recording all of the important quantities
(such as pressure, temperature, humidity, winds, radiation) required to predict weather. All of this information is brought to central points, where it is
computer-processed, with the aid of mathematical
equations based on past weather conditions, to provide up-to-date forecasts. These forecasts are then fed
into another part of the intellectronics system where
decisions are made, some automatically and some by
the human partner, on what to do about the weather.
Energy and matter are then released at various points
on the surface or in the sky in order to alter the
weather to something that will be different from and
better than that which the system tells us would otherWIse occur.
But all weather interacts. Increasing the rainfall
in the Sahara Desert, for example, may adversely affect the weather of Canada or Mexico. Clearly, we
need not only technical cooperation, but cooperation
by governments to arrange for common goals and
rules of operation.
Communications
The situation is not unlike the need for having an
integrated telephone system. We long ago saw in the
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 19(il

A

111

" sourc

easy tc
the de
into tl
called
langue
TRAl'
takes
"comF
The
~hey a
IS my
their 1
that t
guage'
temptl

..

S
Let
advan
Englis
cally I
large-5
have
large-5
guage
-he
Engli5
puten
comp]
words
But
edge
stricti
quire(
for e)
called
basic
Univc:
a ma
persol
word5
becau
to spe
to £lV,

whid
Comr
simpl
down
by us
An
high
binat
C01\11

I

any

Ie recaren 111
show
with
prolt the
gramI peoth 42
g the
Len tal
hours
86%
"perieport
~

D furteachthat
form
ching

~w re, and
withback
i, our
luced.
novel'
. The
~, but
rning
pIe is
~ into

~rnize

rtant.
~t me
nmed
~laser,

strucLgton,

, 724
>rtant

~fined

prot just
.ather
10uld
~come

more
erical
time
ining

"

I!)61

.,.

United States that we could not hope to develop a
practical large-scale telephone system if we had different telephone companies competing in the same area.
The average business or home in such communities
would have had to have a different telephone for each
system. The answer was to provide for integrated,
government-monitored common systems. Indeed, com:
municlI ions is a continuing example into the future.
The very extension of world-wide telephone service by
way of space satellites brings into play all of the problems of "arrangement-making"-the job of government-chairmanning to decide what shall be done, who
shall do it, and who shall run it when it has been
brought into existence. And again, international
agreemen ts are involved.
\IVe have already noted that in the intellectual professions an electronically accessible library of information can step up greatly the quality and speed of
effort. Here too, intellectronics presses for wider and
wider interconnection, so that, finally, what may be
desired are means for interconnecting the separate
libraries of the individual countries, and even perhaps for all countries to be able to tie into a "United
Nations" repository of facts, statistics, and records.
Progress Towards More Accurate Concepts
vVith intellectronics bringing rapid, yet mammoth,
quan tilies of statistical information to bear on the
operations of the world, the result is that those operat ions become more scientific. They are less speculative. It becomes possible to be more exact and quantitative about everything that is under consideration.
:Moreover, automatic processing requires that we pinpoint the logic behind our actions. The impartial,
purely logical analysis that must precede the use of
in tellect roni cs sys tems should therefore lend support
in many cases to those who are working toward new
and more accurate concepts. vVhether the field is
medicine or law or engineering or, indeed, government itself, intuitive feelings can be replaced by facts
and analysis. Nloreover, the systems to some extent
are self-criticizing; inconsistencies in operations may
be disclosed by the very systems that attempt to insure
consistency. They automatically may show us where
we must make changes in our ways of doing things.
The Year 2000
Let us grow bolder in a final view of the relationship
between the new technology and the social forces of
the future. What will be our feelings in the year 2000
about the goals of mankind, about what constitutes
happiness and security, about the definition of freedom? On one hand, man will be faced with the evidence all about him of an infinitely intricate, busy,
fast world consisting of a multiple-interconnected Neb
of people, vehicles, machines, and communications.
Always there will be the fear of man's being lost as a
free soul. Great concern will exist about retaining
freedom and flexibility, and minimizing tight rules
clnd stiff controls.
But, on the other hand, man will become conscious
of the enormity of the universe. We shall be talking
daily about distances between planets and between
stars. The words "billions of years" will appear in common conversations. \'Ve shall be talking about traveling
at speeds ncar the velocity of light, and, in detail, about
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

the nature of life on other planets. \tV e may indeed be
engaged in intensive work to decipher intelligent
transmissions from outer space that we have received.
In short, in some ways our life will seem to have
the tendency of closing in on us, but at the same time
other aspects of life will have opened bigger doors
than man ever before looked through. Perhaps to depict the infinite detail of our existence on the one hand
and the enormity of the unconquered vistas on the
other, music and art will ask for more dimensions. \I\Te
shall commence, for instance, to fill in the musical
tones between the "half steps." Our ears will become
. accustomed to increasingly detailed differences. The
composer will find them necessary, the listener excitingly satisfying. A typical painting or symphony
may involve almost subvisual and subaural intricacies
of detail, and yet at the same time these art form~
must have a new gross magnitude, boldness, a new
mystery, taking in the whole universe.
\IVe face endless involvement and crowded containment, yet we shall have infinite scope in space and
time. \I\That a paradox for the philosophers, the artists, and the sociologists to work on at the turn of
the cen tury.
Having sketched some of the technological highlights of the world toward which we are in transition,
and then having suggested some of the broader, nontechnical aspects which technology will influence, we
are still left after this brief exploration with many
more fascinating, important, and even fundamental
questions: How shall we enhance, even retain, creativity in a world which seems to require so much coordination? How will man's incentive for accomplishment and service to his fellowmen be caused, hopefully,
to flourish? How do we insure freedom to do as we
please when it does not interfere with the rights of
others? How do we maintain freedom of thought and
true unfettered thinking in an environment of highly
integrated planning?
Really, all of these questions are part of bigger
questions: 'Vill the transition to the new, highly technological society be orderly or chaotic? Will sociological development be accelerated to catch up with
scientific development?

Accelerating Social Progress
The real bottleneck to progress, to a safe, orderly,
and happy transition to the comi~g technological
age, lies in the severe disparity between scientific and
sociological advance. Having discussed technology,
with emphasis on the future extension of man's intellect, we should ask: Will intellectronics aid in
removing the imbalance? Will technology, properly
used, make possible a correction of the very imbalance
which causes technology to be in the lead? I believe
that the challenging intellectual task of accelerating
social progress is for the hUllIan llIind and not his
less intellectual electronic partner. But perhaps there
is a hope. If the llIachines do llIore of the routine,
everyday, in tcllectual tasks and insure the success of
the material operations of the world, man's work will
he elevated to the higher mental domains. He will
have the time, the intellectual stature, and hence the
illclination to solve the world's social problems. We
1I1ust believe he has the capability.
21

READERS' AND EDITOR'S FORUM
(Continued from Page' 6)

is to prepare to try to survive and win a war that will
certainly come, sooner or later. Besides, it is better
to die than to live under some conditions.

II.
From the Editor
'I\Te value readers' discussion and argument on the

controversial subject of computers and arms control.
A great many ideas need thoughtful consideration
before a rational consensus develops among the people
of a coun try.
One reader says "Only by the action A can we break
the condition B." Logically such a statement is open
to question, because it is very hard to show that there
exists only one way (A) and no others for accomplishing something (breaking up B).
Another reader says "All C's in history have resulted
in D. Therefore we can expect D, and we should
adjust to that." This argument also is to be distrusted,
because in history some conditions D stop. For example, human slavery has stopped, which was not
true when the Constitution of the United States was
written.
One of the main problems of computer people is
living up to their social responsibilities as computer
people-actions to help avoid the destruction of millions and millions of people from the use of nuclear
weapons guided by computing mechanisms.

•
RESTLESS GIANT
Walter Brandenberg
Lake Mahopoe, N. Y.

Thunk, Thunk, Thunk,
Steel jaws clattering,
Gulping cards by the hundreds,
Digesting every perforated fact.
Keep that hopper full,
Not a minute's rest.
Swish, Swish, Swish,
Like an angry Python,
Darting in amongst the whirling disks,
Striking with deadly precision.
A miss would be tragic,
Not a second's rest.'
Whirr, Whirr, Whirr,
Load that tape,
Characters by the thousands,
Reels twitching nervously,
Tape quivering with tension,
Not a millisecond's rest.
Flip, Flip, Flip,
Cores switching row on row,
Hysterically pursuing the elusive flux.
Memories from which to pick and choose,
Following tortuous windings to a random bi t.
Not a microsecond's rest.
22

Think, Think, Think,
Bits, Bytes, Characters, and Words
Records variable and fixed.
Serial, Parallel, Random data pouring In and out,
Calculations by the millions,
Not a millimicrosecond's rest.
Hum, Hum, Hum,
Rolling on with high-pitched whine,
Spewing out broadsides of magnetic moment,
Heads gliding along on flying disks,
Minute ripples and sinus currents,·
Not a microsecond's rest.
Clatter, Clatter, Cl~tter,
Cascades of rippling paper,
Rows of hieroglyphics,
A language called compu terese,
Keep that paper flowing,
Not a millisecond's rest.
Kerchunk, Kerchunk, Kerchunk,
Angry teeth biting a new pattern,
Checking it when all is done,
Spitting out chips that have no further meaning,
Tiny windows shedding light on the unknown,
Not a second's rest.
Watching, Watching, Watching,
Anxious eyes their vigil keep,
Time is such a trifle-deci, milli, micro,
But the cost is astronomic-centi, kilo, mega.
Pushing bu ttons, throwing swi tches,
Not a minute's rest.
TIValter Brandenberg

•
CALENDAR OF
COMING EVENTS
July 13-14, 1961: Conference on Data Acquisition and
Processing in Biology and Medicine, University of
Rochester, Rochester 20, N. Y.; contact Kurt Enslein,
Dir. of Research, Brooks Research, Inc., 399 W. Commercial St., P. O. Box 271, E. Rochester, N. Y.
July 16-21, 1961: 4th International Conf. on Medical
Electronics & 14th Conf. on Elec. Tech. in Med. & Bio.,
Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York, N. Y.; contact Dr.
Herman P. Schwan, Univ. of Pa., Moore School of
Electrical Eng., Philadelphia 4, Pa.
July 21-22, 1961: 1961 Northwest Computing Association
Annual Conference, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Can.; contact Conference Information, Northwest Computing Assoc" Box 836,
Seahurst, Wash.
Aug. 22-25, 1961: WESCON, 'Cow Palace, San Francisco,
Calif.; -contact E. W. Herold, c/o WESCON, No.
Calif. Office, 701 Welch Rd., Palo Alto, Calif.
Sept. 4-9, 1961: Third International Conference on Analog
Computation, organized by ·the International Association
for Analog Computation and the Yugoslav National
Committee for Electronics, Telecommunications, Automation and Nuclear Engineering, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Sept. 5-8, 1961: The First International Conference on
Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language
Analysis, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington,
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1%1

metic
Crow
terns
Doub
first i
other
Th
with
in ele
as po
a tea,
book;
way, .
infon
er's u
tions;
The
proce
an ar
answ(
wronl
the sa
make
to th(
Th
"scral
calls
has h
a pro
gle fr:
roll 0
the e
stano
thick .
four j
Wi
tain I
the k
spms
pose,
turne
venle

mOVl1

of rig
certai
Th
this Il
and r
that 1
now (
pact"
Th
maIn
traini
clear!
been

Th
proac
Skinn
"cons
that t
than

CO~II'

ternational Congress of Automation, 1, Piazza Belgioioso,
Milan, Italy.

Middlesex, England; contact Mr. John McDaniel, National Physical Lab., Teddington, Middlesex, England,
TED ding ton Lock 3222, Ext. 138.

Oct. 10-13, 1961: USE Meeting, Warwick Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact J. W. Nickitas, Sec'y, USE, Remington Rand Univac, 315 Park Ave. So., New York 10,

Sept. 5- 8, 1961: 16th National Conference of the Association for Computing Machinery and 1st International
Data Processing Exhibit, Statler-Hilton Hotel, Los
Angeles, Calif.; contact Benjamin F. Handy, Jr., Gen.
Chairman, Litton Systems, 5500 Canoga Ave., Woodland Hills, Calif.; E. Floyd Sherman, Exhibits Chairman, Control Data Corp., 8421 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly
Hills, Calif.

N. Y.
Oct. 11-13, 1961: Conference on Application of Digital
Computers to Automated Instruction (sponsored by
System Development Corp. and the Office of Naval
Research), Dept. of Interior Auditorium, C St., between 18th and 19th Sts. N.W., Washington, D. C.;
contact Washington Liaison Office, System Development
Corp., 1725 Eye St. N.W., Washington 6, D. C.

Sept. 6-8, 1961: National Symposium on Space Elec. &
Telemetry, Albuquerque, N. M.; contact Dr. B. L.
Basore, 2405 Parsifal, N.E., Albuquerque, N. M.

some
l ma:e tuwell

this

T

:fully

deand

Sept. 11-1 5, 1961: The Third In terna tional Congress on
Cybernetics, Namur, Belgium; contact Secretariat of
The International Association for Cybernetics, 13, rue
Basse Marcelle, Namur, Belgium.

Idea
earntion.

Sept. 11-15, 1961: ISA Fall Instrument-Automation Conference & Exhibit and ISA's 16th Annual Meeting, The
Biltmore Hotel and Memorial Sports Arena, Los Angeles,
Calif.; contact William H. Kushnick, Exec. Dir., ISA,
313 6th Ave., Pittsburgh 22, Pa.

~n1Za-

1

e allever,
1 de-

Oct. 12-13, 1961: The Univac Users Association Fall Conference, Warwick Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Walter Edmiston, Sec'y, Univac Users Association, Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia 12, Pa.

Sept. 6-8, 1961: 1961 Annual Meeting of the Association
for Computing Machinery, Statler Hotel, Los Angeles,
Calif., contact Benjamin Handy, Chairman, Local Ar,rangcments Committee, Litton Industries, Inc., 11728
W. Olympic Blvd., W. Los Angeles, Calif.

Oct. 25-26, 1961: 1961 Computer Applications Symposium, Morrison Hotel, Chicago, Ill.; contact Benjamin
Mittman, conf. programchmn., Armour Research Foundation, 10 W. 35 St., Chicago 16, Ill.
Oct. 3 O-Nov. 3, 1961: 8th Institute on Electronics in
Management, The American Univ., 1901 F St., N.W.,
Washington 6, D. c.; contact Dr. Lowell H. Hattery,
Dir., 8th Institute on Electronics in Management, The
American Univ., 1901 F St. N.W., Washington 6, D. C.
Dec. 12-14, 1961: Eastern Joint Computer Conference,
Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D. c.; contact Jack
Moshman, C-E-I-R, Inc., 1200 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington 2, Va.

Sept. 24-26, 1961: International Congress of Automation,
Turin Polytechnic, Turin, Italy; contact Secretary, In-

ssary
.ance
LS or
must
pronedire is
e to
The
:" of
~nts"

g incon-

cted,
stulS he
Ingaps

prelical
i the
Ited.

Opportunities in Electronic Data ProceSSing
AUTO-CODING ... SITE REPRESENTATiVE .... TECHNICAL WRITING
Systems and Sales

Centers: New York • Dayton • Los Angeles

CUSTOMER SITE REPRESENTATIVE:

Locations will vary. Qualifications require broad experience in programming, operation and systems analysis. Must have worked with tape
systems and be familiar with computer-user problems.
Training given at Dayton prior to installation assignment.
SALES SUPPORT: At least 2-4 years of programming experience plus B.S. or M.S. in Business Administration or
Mathematics. Opportunities include: Programming, Manual
Writing, Systems Analysis, Research, Instructing.

newest contribution to the business field is its
modern and complete data processing centers. These centers, no matter where they now exist or where they will
exist in the future, answer the everyday needs of the small
or the large business in the area of electronic data processing. To fulfill this function-service to business-we need
men of above-average ability who are trained and experienced in tape system computer programming or operations.
In most cases~ a college degree is preferred.

The NATIONAL line of EDP systems including the 304,
315 and 310 provides the basis for interesting and effective
work in any operation wherever money or merchandise is
handled. Stability and growing responsibility are characteristic of the climate at NATIONAL whether your work is in

one of our Data Processing Centers or with our Data
Processing Systems and Sales group in support operations.
General qualifications for p'resent openings are a college
degree and experience with a tape system applied to business
or financial functions.

NATIONAL'S

If qualified and interested, please respond promptly and in complete confidence.
All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment regardless of
race, creed, color, or national origin. Write to: T. F. Wade, Technical Placement,
The National Cash Register Company, Main & K Streets, Dayton, 9, Ohio.

I) res-

THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY,

t us
rith-

ONE

(%1

OF THE WORLD'S

MOST

SUCCESSFUL

DAYTON

9, OHIO

CORPORATIONS

*TRADE MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF.

*
ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
ADDING MACHINES. CASH REGISTERS
ACCOUNTING MACHINES
NCR PAPER

77 YEARS OF HELPING BUSINESS SAVE MONEY
COl\IPUTERS a1/d ,\UTOMATION for July, 1961

(No CARBON REQUIRED)

Who's Who in the Computer Field
(Supplement)
A full entry in the "Who's Who
in the Computer Field" consists of:
name / title, organization, address
/ interests (the capital letters of
the abbreviations are the initial
letters of Applications, Business,
Construction, Design, Electronics,
Logic, Mathematics, Programming,
Sales) / year of birth, college or
last school (background), year of
entering the computer field, occupation / other information such as
distinctions, publications, etc. An
absence of information is indicated
by - (hyphen). Other abbreviations
are used which may be e as i I Y
guessed like those in the telephone
book.
Every now and then a group of
completed Who's \,yho entry forms
come in to us together from a single
organization. This is a considerable
help to a compiler, and we thank
the people who are kind enough to
arrange this. In such cases, the
organization and the address are
represented by ... (three dots).
Following are several sets of such
\,yho's Who entries.
The Babcock and 'Vilcox Co. Research
Center, Alliance, Ohio
Ralston, Edward L / Aplns Repr, ... / A
/ '20, Columbia Univ. '55,Tamanaha, Hideko Miss 1 Prgmr-Oper,
... / P 1 '31, John Carroll Univ, '58,Burroughs Corp, Electro Data Div, 585
University St, Montreal Ave, Montreal,
Que
Baudot, John A / Techl Repr, ... / AMP
/ '29, McGill Univ, '56,Scully, George V / Compr Specialist, . . .
1 AS / '18, McGill Univ, '56, sell e1ecnc
dig compg systems
Computing Center, Univ of Ky, Ky
Hamblen, John W / Dir, ... / AMP, Instruction 1 '24, Indiana Univ (AB), Purdue Univ (MS, PhD), '56, compg ctr
admn and consltnt
Lotz, Carol J / Mach Supv, ... / ABP 1
'31, Univ of Louisville, Univ of Ky, '58,
mach supv
Navarro, Silvio 0 / Asst Dir, . . . /
ADELMP 1 '27, Univ of Houston (BS),
Texas A &: M (MS, PhD), '56, res and
teaching 1 FAST Prgmg Sys, A form address to SOAP, translator for IBM 650
Tarpey, Paul R 1 Data Prcg Chief, . . .
/ .\ HP, Instruction 1 '33, Oklahoma St
Ulli\' (BS, ~fS), '59, data prcg chief
Hospilal Service Association of 'Vestern
1)01, Union Trust Bldg, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Killg, Dewey 1 Prgmr, . . . 1 ABP / '29,
Uni\' of Pittsburgh, '57, systems analyst,
prgmr

Moore, Joan / Prgmr, . . . / ABMP / '36,
Univ of Pittsburgh, '58, systems analyst,
prgmr
Schuler, Robert / Prgmr, . . . / ABP /
'35, Univ of Pittsburgh (Grad. Schl, '59),
'57, systems analyst, prgmr
Zack, William W / Mgr, Elecnc Data
Prcg, . . . / ABP / '30, Univ of Pittsburgh (Grad Schl, '59), '57, systems
analyst, prgmr
Imperial Oil Limited, 300 9th Ave W, Cal·
gary, Alberta, Can
Hodson, Bernard A / Prgm Analyst, . . .
/ MP, Lecturing / '28, Manchester Univ,
'55, mathn / Pubshed paper on Gas
Turbine Dsn, won Royal Aeronautical
Society Award
Kemp, E M / Prgm Analyst, . . . / BP 1
'34, Univ of 'Western Ontari~), '59, engr
Logistics Systems Development Section, Systems Development Branch, Statistical
Services Div, ComptrIr, Ogden Air Material Area, Hill Air Force Base, Utah
Painter, Dean C / Mgm Analyst (Dig
Comptr Systems), . . . / ABCP, Systems
Desn and analysis for Business ~lgm and
Logistics Systems / '25, Weber Junior
ColI, '55, systems analyst
Plant, Thomas E / Mgm Analyst (Dig
Comptr Systems), . . . 1 ABCP, Systems
Desn and analysis for Business ~rgm and
Logistics Systems / '29, Univ of Utah,
'56, systems analyst
Pomeroy, Charles E / Mgm Analyst (Dig
Compr Systems), Proj Ofcr, . . . / ABP,
Sys Desn and analysis for Business Mgm
Aplns & Logistics Systems / '23, Univ
of Utah, '55, systems analyst
Minneapolis-Honeywell, Datamatic Div,
1825 Conn Ave N W, Washington, D. C.
Crawford, Lyle C / Aplns Analyst, . . . 1
AB / '32, Univ of Arkansas, '57,Findling, Irwin H / Methods Analyst, . . .
1 AB, Retail Aplns / '33, New York
Univ, '56, systems analyst
Kirkland, Byron E / Methods Analyst, ...
/ ABPS, Graphic aids to educ in the
compr field / '32, Strayer College of
Accountancy, '54,Lovvorn, Homer B, Jr, / Methods Analyst,
. . . / ABP 1 '32, Georgia Tech, '58,
methods analyst
Mullinax, Roy Paul/Methods Analyst, ...
/ AMP 1 '28, Furman Univ, '53, systems
analyst
Thompson, Sam H / Methods Analyst, ...
1 AS / '35, Univ of Tennessee, '7>7,
methods analyst
The National Cash Register Co, 50 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y.
Fokens, Henry / Mgr, Elecnc Mach Sales,
. . . / ASP 1 '14, State Teachers Coll of
N J, '55, elecnc mach sales, NCR 304
Hundt, Frank J 1 Sales Repr, Elecnc Mach
Sales, . . . / APS / '17~ Pace Inst, '58,
elecnc machine sales, NCR 304
~Iisdom, Walter E 1 Aplns Repr, Elecnc
~rach Sales, . . . / APS / '34, Stevens
Jnst of Technology, '55, elecnc mach
sales, NCR 304
Rude, John F / Aplrls Repr, Elecnc Mach
Sales, ... / APS / '30, Seton Hall Univ,
'55, clecnc mach sales, NCR '304

Saeger, William T / Aplns Repr, Elecnc
Mach Sales, . . . / APS / '31, Stevens
Inst of Technology, '57, elecnc mach
sales, NCR 304
R. A. D.

c., Rome, N. Y.

~rotto,

Richard / Mathn, ... / PM / '35,
Utica CoIL "7>6, mathn
Squire, Clark / Mathn, . . . / PM 1 '37,
Prairie View A &: M College of Texas,
'56, mathn

System Development Corp, 2500 Colorado
Ave, Santa Monica, Calif.
Brown, Kenneth W / Prgmr, ... / LMP 1
'35, N. C. State CoIl, '59, prgmr .
Cottman, Norman C, Jr / Compr Prgmr,
/ ABLMP / '28, UCLA, '58, prgmr
Fearing, Edward A / Prgmr, . . . 1 ABLP
1 '32, Univ of Calif, '58, prgmr
Fletcher, James M / Prgmr, . . . / LP /
'28, Compton, CoIl, UCLA, '56, prgmr
Jackson, Wm R / Prgmr, . . . / P / '25,
Univ of Mo, '50, prgmr
McVeigh, Douglas H / Prgmr, ... / LP 1
'31, San Francisco State CoIl, '59, prgmg
~felink, Nicholas / Pnrmr, . . . / ABP /
'35, Univ of Calif, '59, prgmr, analyst
Pontelle, Gloria J / Prgmr, . . . / LP
'39, Purdue Univ, '59, prgmg
Toche, Catherine E (Mrs) / Prgmr,
/ LMP / '33, UCLA, '59, prgmr
Texaco Canada Limited, 1425 Mountain St,
Montreal Que
Kerr, Douglas, Jr / Proc Engr, ... / ALMP
1 '33, McGill Univ, '58, prgmg conslnt &:
analyst
Loucks, Robert B / Proc Engr, . . . 1
ALMP 1 .'33, McGill Univ, '58, prgmg
conslnt &: analyst

Abrams, 'Valter G / Systems Analyst
Prgmr, U. S. Army QM Cor p s,
USAQMSC. Box 31, APO 169, New
York. N Y / ABP 1 '32, Georgia lnst
of Technology,-, military ofcer, U. S.
Army
Addis, Roland TIRes Analyst, Howard
Savings Instn, 251 Plane St, Newark,
N J / AP, Elecncs in banking 1 '31,
Dartmouth, '57, res analyst
Aghib, Edward G 1 Mgr, Product 1>lng.
Monroe-Litton Industries. 555 Mitchell
St, Orange, N J 1 ABDEPS / '22, Univ
of Lausanne (IE, '45), Switz, '47, dept
mgr, engr 1 author several reports on
automatic eqpm for toll rds and toll
systems
Anderson, Robert F 1 Branch Mgr, Minneapolis-Honeywell, 1825 Conn Ayc,
Washington, D C 1 AS 1 '27, MIT, '!i2.
sales mgr
Beaton, Hugh R / staff engr, Constr Di\',
Engrg Dept, E I du Pont de Nemours
& Co, Wilmington, Del 1 ABP, systems
desn I' '26, Harvard, ',154,Belan, Edward F / Supr, Communicns
and Maintenance, Telecomputing Corp,
Engrg Services Div, POBox IG1H,
Vandenberg AFB, Calif 1 ACDEL, remote operatn and input 1 '22,-, '53,
select/desn EDP systems and supplemntry devices
Belser, George R 1 Prgmr, Commodity
Credit Corp, 4706 Motley. Mesquitc,

COMPUTERS and

AUTO~IATION

for July, l!)(il

progr
than
As
the 41
use tl
these
of op
As
us by
the f(
ing, ]
ority
have

au
on re
houn
ance
Ten
Th
cham
high

W(
Deve
IBIVI
tem,
enah
with
\;\T]
send~

gray
be al
read)
A
then
prod
secti<
of th
Tl
patel
cases
card~

Fr
to d
Com
askir
in th
Forn
free
we I
Com
are
C0111]
IIp

t

we c
If
plIte
us tl
Forr
zinc,
all)'
C()~I

been
enIn as
hout
used
lis ti-

duce
It is
~r of
the
eco-

ughtt to
issile
lsual
r be-

may

trust
for

l

. enmis-

in-

t

tlas,

and
Redlced
Dis-

nter
=::ali-

and
tory

g in

day,
sage
:ketmal,

'rex / P, quality contr of compr Olltput / '2S, Univ of Tex, '58, acctnt
Bertsch, Louis J Jr / Compg Group
Leader, So Calif Cooperative 'Vind
Tunnel, 950 S Raymond, Pasadena,
Calif / AB~fP / '32, Los Angeles
State College, '54, compg analyst
Chesis, Sheldon / Methods Analyst, ~Iin­
neapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co, Datamatic Div, IS25 Conn Ave, 'Vashington, D c: / AB~fP / '34, George Washington IJniv, '57, methods analyst
Cooley, Elllerson F / dir Methods Research, Prudential Ins Co of America,
Newark, N J / ABl', Educational :\fethods / '()!I, Dartmouth, '47,DiCostanzo, John A / Staff Engr, IBM
Corp, Kingston, N Y / ADPR, system testing / '28, Holy Cross College,
'55, prgmg project coordinator
Drove, Charles C V / Senior Systems
Analyst and Compr Prgmr, Compania
Shell de Venezuela, Apartado 19, Maracaiho, VeneZllela / ABP / '20, University Europe, '56, economist
Duke, Mrs Jane Thomas / Dig Compr
Prgmr, Commodity Credit Corp, 500 S
Ervay St, Dallas, Tex / ALP / '20, East
Texas State Teachers College, '58, dig
compr prgmr
Ehrenherg, Dennis F / Compr Prgmr, Atlantic FIt Opconcenter, Cinclant, Norfolk II, Va / ABP / '34, Univac Scientific 1l03A Systems Operations
Training, '59, prgmg, US:'Il
Fegan, Albert A / Pres, State Sound Service, 17 W Magnolia St, Calif / ACE:\I,
latest illl J>rovemen ts elecnc controls /
'99, (have not stopred going to school),
'59, installation and maint genl opern
/ Member IRE, AES, S:\IPTE, Nuclear
Dir AIME, Who's Who in Calif, Who's
'Vho in the vVest
Feitler, Joseph / Assoc Engr, IBM-Federal Systems Div, CPO Box 120, Kingston, N Y / ADEMP, Analog compr
aphIs / '~5, CCNY, Columbia Univ, '47,
engr analytical techniques group, systems depl / Talk at Eastern Simulation
Council (10/59) on "An Automated
Data Comparison Procedure for an
Analog Computer"
Fleming, Jim / Dig Compr Prgmr, Commodity Credit Corp, 12007 Gaiter Dr,
Mesquite, Tex / ALP / '30, N Tex
State, '5!I,Fonesca, John R / Dept Head, Banking,
Ins, and RE, j\lohawk Valley Techl
Inst, Utica, N Y / P Education / '25,
Harvard Law,-, colI adm
Freefield, Rowena W / Dig Compr
Prgmr, Commodity Credit Corp, 500 S
Ervay, Dallas, Tex / BD, Transptatn
and Traffic Mgm AphIS and Systems
Desn / '17, Southern Methodist Univ,
'57 frt traffic ofcr
Fretz, William L Jr / Supr, Analysis and
Prgming, Data Procg Section, Westinghouse Atomic Power Lab, PO Box
1526, Pittsburgh 30, Pa / ABP / '29,'47, opel'
Gillis, James W / Engr, Bendix Radio,
APO 925, San Francisco, Calif / ELP

This logic array has been developed in the Remington Rand Univac Mathematics
and Logic Research Department. In simplified form, each circle represents a film
element that AND's the bits from the horizontal and vertical lines to produce an
output on the diagonal line. The input word is therefore left-circular shifted S places
in passing to the output. Such matrixes can produce arbitrary right or left shifts,
either circular or open-ended, in a single clock period for full length computer words.
Film logic arrays open a new field of high speed, high density logic devices.

No where in the computer industry will qualified
applicants find greater opportunity for both personal and
professional reward than they will today at Univac. Highly
significant positions involving work such as that outlined
above are now available. You are invited to investigate
them immediately.

SAINT PAUL, MINN.
o MiLITARY SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
• COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS
• COMPUTER LOGICAL DESIGNERS
• ENGINEER WRITERS
• COMPUTER APPLICATIONS ANALYSTS
For the above positions in our St. Paul, Minn., laboratories,
send resume of experience and education to:
R. K. PATTERSON
Remington Rand Univac • Univac Park • st. Paul, Minnesota

SAN DI EGO, CALI F.
o

For data extraction and reduction, debugging of equipment,
and systems integration.

/ -,-,-,-

tory

Giorgi, Oliver J / Systems Reliability
Engr, RCA, Camden, N J / Reliability
/ '32, PWT Inst, '56, sr desnr / Published summarys on Reliability, Devised New Methods of Component
Analyzing, Desnd proper documentation to accept reliability inform
Goertz, James J / Compr Prmgr, Convair-Div of General Dynamics Corp,
3201 Pacific Highway, San Diego, Calif
/ MP / '34, San Diego State ColI, '59,Halbrecht, Herbert / Pres, Herbert Halbrecht Assoc, Inc, 332 S Mich Ave,
Chicago ·1, III / AB, Personnel Re-

1961

COMPUTERS al/d AUTOMATION for July, 1961

en-

len-

1

re-

COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS
• MILITARY SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
o SYSTEMS TEST & EVALUATION ENGINEERS

The above positions are now available at Remington Rand Univac
in San Diego. Send resume of experience and education to:
WILLIAM LOWE
Remington Rand Univac • P. 0, Box 6068 • San Diego 6, Calif.
All qualified applicants will be considered regardless of race, creed, color or national origin.

~

7Iond...Unbac.

DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION

There are also immediate openings in all areas
of digital computer development at our other
laboratories. Inquiries should be addressed to:

F.E. NAGLE
Remington Rand Univac

P.O. Box 500

Blue Boll, Pa.

J.R.STAHL
Remington Rand Univac
315 Fourth Avenue
Now York 10, New York

25

new Soundcraft MAGNA·SEE Kit
makes magnetic tracks visible!
Track placement
• Head alignment· Pulse definition
(size and width)
• Drop-out areas and
other trouble-spots

Checks for: •

Magna-See Kit
contains: ~ pint
Magna-See Solution • Plastic bath
• Eye-piece magnifier • Pressure
sensitive tape
• 5 glass slides for
permanent copies
of tracks, and complete instructions.
For free MAGNA·SEE
brochure, write

REEVEsSOUNDCRAFTcORP,
GREAT PASTURE ROAD, DANBURY, CONNECTICUT

cruitment, Deptmntl Organzatln Analysis / '27, Univ Chicago, MBA, '57,
mgm mnsltnt / Article for American
Business, VP Chgo Chptr Inst of Mgm
Sciences
Hans, M William /. Aplns Engr, Princeton Computation Center, PO Box 582,
Princeton, N J / AMP / '28, Queens
College, '57, aplns engr
Healy, Edward B Jr / Systems Analyst,
Atlantic Terminal Transit Command,
1 First Ave, Brooklyn, N Y / ABP / '
'33, Columbia Univ, '57, logistics
Henry, Michael J / Business Systems
Analyst, GE Co, PO Box 988, Huntsville, Ala / ABP, engrg documentation
/ '32, Spring Hill College, '54, systems
analyst / Published a paper, GE Techl
Informn Series entitled, "Parts Generation"
Hessler, Wm Q / Development Engr,
EDPM Progrms, Western Electric Co,
Hawthorne Sta, Chicago 23, III / ABP
/ '26, Purdue Univ BS, Northwestern
Univ M Bus Ad, '58, engr / Publication, Self Initializing Counter, Hawthorne Computerama, Issue No. 33, May
12, '59 / Alpha Kappa Pse, Eta Kappa
Nu, Delta Sigma Phi
Holley, Wm Carl Jr / Methods Analyst,
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co,
Datama'tic Div, 1825 Conn Ave, NW,
Washington, D C / ALP / '29, American Univ, '56, prgmr
Holmes, E A III / V P, Industrial Products, Autonetics, a div of North American Aviation, Inc, 9150 E Imperial
Hwy, Downey, Calif / ABCDELMPS /
'21, MIT, '57, mgr mkt pIng
Horton, Dr Thomas R / Mgr, 700-7000
Systems Mkting, IBM Corp, 112 E Post
Rd, White Plains, N Y / APS / '26,
Univ of Fla, '54,Howell, John R / Prgmr, Stat Section,
Ag Exp Sta, Univ of Fla, Gainesville,
26

Fla / EMS / '30, Univ of Fla, - ,
prgm statistical probs
Imislund, Charlotte A / Dig Compr
Prgmr, Commodity Credit Corp, 2505
Klondike Dr, Dallas 28, Tex / ALP /
'29, Kahler School of Nursing, '58,
prgmr
Irby, Jack G / Chief Prgmg Staff, U. S.
Dept of Agr, 500 S Ervay St, Dallas I,
Tex / BP / '21, LaSalle, '57, suprvsn
of prgmg staff using 705-II1 compr
James, D L / Systems Engr, Itek Corp,
1605 Trapelo Rd, Waltham 54, Mass /
ABLMP / '28, MIT, '53, engr mgr
Jones, Walter T Jr / Compr Dept Mgr,
Queen Knitting Mills Inc, 2701 N
Broad St, Phila, Pa / BP / '26, Drexel
Inst of Tech, '58, acctat
Kalbach, John F / Assoc Dir, Engrg, Burroughs Corp, Pasadena, Calif / D, Reliability / '14, Univ of Washington, '51,
engr
Kinnison, Frank D Jr / Techl Asst, Numerical Analysis Group and Mathn,
Aerojet General Corp, Box 1947, Sacramento, Calif / '29, Calif State Polytechnic Col, '59, mathn, prgmr, techl
advisor
Kirby, Clifford / Supr of Tele-Comm,
Delta Airlines, Atlanta Airport, Atlanta, Ga / AB, Gen purp for airline
oprns and res use / '14,-, '55, communicatns
Kobe, S P / Mgr Radio and Teletype
Systems, Capital Airlines Inc, Washington National Airport, Washington,
D C / ADP / '16, Keystone Radio
Inst, '58, Koerner, Horst G /Physicist, AVCO Electronics Research Labs, 750 Commonwealth Ave, Boston 15, Mass / ADELP,
Informn retrieval / '32, Northwestern
Univ, '59, physicist
Korsun, M / Dir of Data Procg, Shahmoon
Industries, Inc, 55 Liberty St, New York
5, N Y / ABLMP / '10, - , '56, LaHood, Joseph Jr / Staff Engr, Systems
Developmt, Bendix Systems Div, 3300
Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, Mich /
ALMP / '30, Univ of Mich, - , systems engr
Langhorne, Thomas Churchill / Systems
Reviewer, Prudential Ins Co, Newark,
N J / ABP / '31, Citadel, Rutgers,
'57, LaRoche, Francis Edward / Techl Writer,
Stanford Univ Graduate School of Business Research Center, 560 Alvarado
Row, Stanford, Calif / techl writing
and editing in the compr apln field /
'28, Univ of Mich, '54, techl writer
Larrabee, Robert W / Aplns and Prgrng
Analyst, Monroe Ca:lculating Machine
Co, Electronics Div, 555 Mitchell St,
Orange, N J / ABP / '30, Texas Techl
College, '53, Lucke, Lt Col CE W N / Dir, Engr Data
Procg Center, Office of the Chief of
Engrs, Washington 25, D C / ABCDELMP / '15, Harvard, '56, Lt Col, U S
Army
Martasin, Lt Col W N / Officer in Charge,
Systems Engrg Section, Statistical and
Acctg Branch, TAGO, Pentagon, Washington 25, D C / ABP / '16, Ohio State
Univ, MBA, '59, Lt Col, U S Army
McCall, J C / Mathn-Mbr of Techl and
Scientific Staff, Computation Lab, Army
Ballistic Missile Agency, Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Ala / AMP / '27,
Univ of Ill, '55, civ serv, appln of IBM
7090 to engring problems, library subroutine investigations, etc
McInnis, D P / Cust Engr, IBM Corp,
1111 Conn Ave, Washington, D C /
ADELMP / '29, N C State College, '57,
cust engr

Miller, William F / Dir, Applied Mathematics Div, Argonne Nat! Lab, Box
299, Lemont, III / DLM / '25, Purdue
Univ, Ph.D, '55, physicist, mathn
Morton, Walter B Jr / Project Mgr, Epsco-West, a Div of Epsco Incorp, 240 E
Palais Rd, Anaheim, Calif / EM, economics / '26, Carnegie Tech, Lehigh
Univ, '51, elec engr
Moss, Judith / Chief, Integrated Data
Prcg Div, City of Philadelphia, 802 City
Hall Annex, Philadelphia 7, Pa / AB /
- , Vassar College, BA, Columbia Univ,
MA, '55,Naruoka, Masao / Dr of Engrg, Dept of
Civil Engrg, College of Engrg, Univ of
Ill, Urbana, III (to Sept '(0), Dept of
Civil Engrg, Yoshida Han mac hi
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan (after Sept '(0)
/ '18, Dept of Civil Engrg, Kyoto Imperial Univ, '57, Prof of Structural
Analysis, Kyoto Univ (Japan), Postdoctral Fellow in Civil Engrg (to Sept,
'60) / Publication, On Application of
Digital Compr to Structural Analysis,
Proc of Japan Soc of Civil Engrs, Vol
43, No 12 and Vol 44, No 1, '58 and '59;
Digital Compr Analysis of Orthotropic
Parallelogram Plate, Mem of Fac of
Engrg, Kyoto Univ, Vol 21, No 2, '59
N asmch, Salim J / Systems and Electronic Data Procg Analyst, Ford Motor
Co, MEL Div, 3000 Schaefer Rd, Dearborn, Mich / ABP, Installation, Feasibility Studies / '22, Univ of Missouri,
BJ '51, MA '54, '55, systems and electronic data prcg analysis
Nichols, Joe E / Research Mathn, Shell
Oil Co, Houston Research Lab, PO
Box 2527, Houston, Tex / ABDELMP
/ '30, Univ of Houston, '56, 0 R specialist / Paper entitled "An Improved
Multiple Regression Analysis Program
for the IBM 650" presented at ORSA
150th Nat'! Meeting, May 15, '59
Pelletier, Hermel / Asst Supr, Provincial
Government, Dept of Agrcltr. Quebec
/ AMP / '34, St Jean Baptiste, - , Perstein, Millard H / Compr Systems
Spec, System Development Corp, 2500
Colorado Ave, Santa Monica, Calif /
MP, Data Procg Research / '25, Univ
of Calif, '55, - / Secretary SHARE
Peterson, Norman D / Chief of the Machine Statistics Unit, Army Personnel
Research Branch, Washington 25, D C
/ ALMP, apln to stat psych & opertiis
res / '28, State CoIl of Wash (MS), '55,
mathn / artl "702 Prgng Aid & Pitfalls,"
Compg News, July, '56; Phi Beta Kappa,
Psi Chi
Petrover, Lothar Leopold / Analyst,
Broadview Research Corp, 1811 Trousdale Dr, Burlingame, Calif / ABLP,
Economics, Militry Adm / '31, City
CoIl, N Y (BA), '56, analysis, desn, &
prgmg specs / Mbr Soc of American
Military Engrs, Reserve Ofc's Assoc,
American Mgm Assoc
!)omeroy, Richard W / Sr Consltnt, Arthur
Young & Co, 165 Broadway, New York
6, N Y / ABP / '22, Columbia Univ,
-, Mgm Consltnt / Contributed chapter
on "Systems Charting" for SYSTEMS
AND PROCEDURES, A HANDBOOK
FOR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
(Prentice-Hall '59)
Rees, John H / Snr Engr, Lago Oil &
Transport Co., Ltd, P.O. Box 311, Lago
Colony, Aruba, Netherlands Antilles /
Aplns to technl, industrial, engrg problems, mathl techniques, and operations
analysis / '24, MIT, '53, chemical engr
Russo, Roy L / Instr in Elec Engring, Pa
State Univ, University Pk, Pa / ADL,
educ of logical desn engrs / '35, Pa State
Univ, '57, Instr in elec engring and logical Desn Engr

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

Fo

Waiti
tuniti
systel
orien1
oppor

Speci

with
of de'
sales

Sales
guide
busin

back~

Open
or wr
Detr<

All qual
without

COl\11

luip-

luite
~
an
lctor
~ be
nnel
stem
d to
Ined
use
level
preined
are

,sure
!fore

[lOW-

and
that
e an
tput

teo

>rint
but
ning

)ling
ling,
mels
ning
loveare
hich
for
mal,

,uter
[lake
ivity
:h a
larm
and

and
you
:is is
Llted
that
[are,
,ther
ales,

1%1

Schneider, Franz W / Research Asst, Math
Dept, Univ of Chicago, Chicago 37, Ill;
RCA Labs, Princeton, N J (after June,
'60) / ALMP / '32, Univ of Chicago,
'53, mathn
Schneidewind, Nonnan / Data Prcg Analyst, Title Ins and Trust C(), 433 S
Spring St, Los Angeles, Calif / AP / '28,
Univ of Calif. '56, elec engr
Schnittger, Harry F / Dir, Data Procg and
Systems, Beech Aircraft Corp, 9709 E
Central Ave, Wichita, Kan / ABP / '23,
St. Louis Univ, '57, data procg and systems
Schwartz, Jack M / Dept Head, Chrysler
Corp, Missile Div, P. O. Box 2628,
Detroit 31, Mich / AD, EDP Systems /
'21, Univ of Detroit, '60, engr
Shelton, Russell 0 / Dir, Current Aplns,
Compg Dept, Phillips Petroleum Co,
Bartlesville, Okla / AMP / '24, Northwcstern Univ, Okla State Univ, '51, chem
engr
Simmons, F P /Staff Scientist, Link Div,
GPI, Binghamton, N Y / AD / '26, MIT
and George Washington Univ, '50, engr
/ Patent, Polar Analog Navigation
Cmptr; Publication, Solid State Analog
Comptr for Automatic Gas Flow Compns,
IRE Int') Convention, 3/60
Sparks, B W / Mgr, Data Prcg Planning,
RCA Missile Test Proj, Patrick AFB,
Fla / ABLM / '20, Purdue Univ (PhD
'52), '52, planning engr
Stagg, Glenn W / Head, Compr Aplns
Section, American Electric Power Service
Corp, 30 Church St, New York 8, N Y
/ ABP, simulation studies of elecnc systems / '23, MIT (BSEE '49), NYU
(MSBA, '55), '52, compr apln engr /
Mbr AlEE, Eta Kappa Nu award for
outstanding elec engr, '57, papers and
artls on compr aplns
Stewart, William A, Jr / Sector Prgmg
Leader, Detroit Air Defense Sector, System Develop Corp, 2500 Colorado Ave,
Santa Monica, Calif / P / '24, Ohb
State Univ, '56, occupation teacher
Stoian, E1iodor / Data Procg Engr, Oil and
Gas Conservation Board, 603 6th Ave
S W, Calgary, Alberta, Can / A, P in
Petroleum Engrg / '21, Mech Engrg,
Special Petroleum Section, '58, petroleum engr
Tolpin, Gerald / Procdrs Analyst, Raytheoll, Maynard, Mass / AB / '29, Boston
Univ, '5!i, pgrmr / Mbr, ORSA
Warlick, Charles H / Mgr, Mathl Aplus
Developmt, G E Co, Compns Operation,
Flight Propulsion Lab, G E Co, Bldg
305, Cincinnati 15, Ohio / AMP / '30,
Univ of Maryland, '52, mgr of a group
engaged in res in numerical and applied
mathl analysis / Co-author with D ~1
Young: On the Use of Richardson's
Method for the Numerical Solution of
Laplace'S Equation, BRL Mem Report
707, '52
Warren, Leland C / Methods Analyst, Baltimore &: Ohio Railroad, Methods Research & Procdrs Dept, B & 0 RR, Central Bldg, Baltimore & Charles Sts, Baltimore, Md / ABP / '26, Wharton Schl
of the Univ of Pa, '58, Systems and
Procdrs Analyst and Prgmr for DATAmatic 1000 / Mbr, Systems & Procdr
Assoc of America, American Statistical
Assoc.
White, Patrick J / Chief, Data Prcg Branch,
Compt's Office, Army Ordnance Corps,
Frankford Arsenal, Tacony & Bridge Sts,
Phila 37, Pa / ABLMP / '30,-,'5\ dig
compr sys adm / developed first payroll
and leave acctg comptr apln for Army
Ordnance Corps
Wright, John H / Mgr of Customer Serv
and Educ, Daystrom, Inc, Control Systems Div, ,1<155 Miramar Rd, La Jolla,

Calif / A, Customer Trning, Customer
Educ / '25, MIT, '59, serv mgr.
Wrigley, Charles F / Prof of Psychology,
Dept of Psych, Mich State Univ, East
Lansing, Mich / '17, Univ of London
(PhD), '51, Univ Prof / "Usc of an
Elecnc Compr in Principal Axes Factor
Analysis" J Educ Physchol '55
Young, William E L / Chief, Data Procg
Ctr, Ohio Dept of Finance, Columbus,
Ohio / BP / '16, Capital Univ, Ohio
State Univ, Case Inst, Industrl College of
Armed Forces, '42, punched card / Participating author of "Punched Card Annual," (Gille· Assoc), author of magazine
articles and lecturer on ADP
Zagor, Herbert I / Engrg Scientist Consultant, RCA, 75 Varick St, New York, N Y
/ ALM / '16, New York Univ, '46,
physicist /Publications in reliability, sys
analyst, nllclr physics, operations res,
Consltnt at Convair, San Diego, Calif &
G E Co, Santa Barbara, Calif

Are
you
tliis ?
man.
SR. COMPUTER SCIENTIST:
H()neywell's Applied Research Group
offers a challenging career opportunity
to an individual qualified to conduct
applied research in advanced digital
computer ()rganizations and computing meth()ds for real time application.
Work involves developing original
concepts to take advantage of new
and future digital components. Extensive experience in Logic Design, Computer organizati()n, Digital Systems,
C()mputer Pr()gram Analysis, Number
Systems. All qualified applicants will
receive c()nsiderati()n for empl()yment
without regard to race, creed, color or
national origin. Send resume to: Mr.
Clyde W. Hansen, Technical Director, Honeywell Aer(), 2600 Ridgway
R()ad, Minneap()lis 40, Minnes()ta.

Honeywell
~~tJ~~

Only DI-AN offers a combination of core
memory and core logic that drastically
reduces the semiconductor count in the
circuitry required for control, address,
drive, decoding, format conversion, and
fullness control. Everyone of DI·AN's
264 standard sequential-access buffer
designs employs this exclusive feature.
You will find, therefore, that these
buffers are remarkably compact, significantly lower in cost, and far more
reliable than ordinary equipment designed for equivalent performance.

DI·AN buffers can do more, too. The
unique flexibility of magnetic logic, as
applied by the most experienced digitalmagnetic engineering staff in the field,
can route more data, in more complex
formats and programs - per dollar, per
waU, and per cubic inch.
Write for details. Your name will automatically be added to the list that
receives our newest "textbook" - a
handbook on the theory and application
of sequential·access buffers ... off the
press next month.

@§). :~IL~~er£~~.!~~~~' .I~~:
!!!Egpefic digital/analog systems and comp()nents

COMPUTERS mul AUTOMATION for July, 1961

•

8-7700

TWX DORCH 1057
27

BOOI{S AND
OTHER
PUBLICATI()NS
Moses M. Berlin
Allston, Mass.

We publish here citalions and
brief reviews of books and other
publications which have a significant relation to computers, data
processing, and automation, and
which have come to our attention.
We shall be glad to report other information in future lists if a review
copy is sen t to liS. The plan of each
entry is: author or editor / title /
publisher or issuer / date, publication process, aumber of pages,
price or its equivalen t / comments.
If you write to a publisher or issuer, we would appreciate your
mentioning C~;mputers and Automation.
Ackoff, Russell L., editor I Progress in
Operations Research, Vol. I I Jolm Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, New
York 16, N. Y. I 1961, printed, 505 pp,
$11.50.
This book contains a great deal of information on technical progress in the
field of Operations Research, with emphasis on applications, unsolved problems and
the "state of the art." The first of eleven
chapters, by the editor, discusses "The
Meaning, Scope, and Methods of Operations Research_" Subsequent chapters
include: "Dynamic Programming," "Sequencing Theory," "The Theory and Application of Simulation in Operations Research" and "Military Gaming." Philip M.
Morse, of M. 1. T.'s Computation Center,
discusses "Dynamics of Operational Systems: Markov and Queuing Processes."
Author and subject indices.
Rees, Paul K., and Fred W. Sparks I Col·
lege Algebra, Fourth Edition I McGrawHill Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42 St.,
New York 36, N. Y. I 1961, printed,
428 pp, $6.50.
This edition includes the information
presented in the third edition with revisions of certain material to satisfy the
latest technological needs. In addition,
new articles have been added on brokenline functions, solutions of problems by
means of simultaneous equations, effective
rate and determination of the periodic
payment, term and rate. The book includes twenty-two chapters, beginning
with "The Four Fundamental Operations"
and pro c e e din g to "Exponents and
Graphs," "Ratio, Proportion, and Variation," "Higher-Degree· Equations," "Determinants," etc. An appendix includes
answers to problems given throughout the
text, a glossary and mathematical tables.
Index.
Langer, Rudolph E., editor, and 19 authors I
Partial .Differential Equations and Continuum Mechanics I University of Wisconsin Press, 430 Sterling Court, Madison 6, Wise. I 1961, photo offset, 397 pp,
$5.00.
The nineteen lectures which were delivered at the International Conference of
the Mathematics Research Center, University of Wisconsin, June, 1960, are here

28

puhlished. Among the titles and contrihutors: Aspects of Differential Equations in
Mathematical Physics, Claus Miiller; The
Angular Distribution of Eigenvalics of
Non Self-adjoint Elliptic Boundary Value
Problems of Higher Order, Shmuel Agmon; Finite Deformation of Plates into
Shells, B. R. Seth; Atypical Partial Differential Equations, Hans Lewy; etc. In
addition, forty-two ahstracts of contrihuted
papers are included. Index.
Leeds, Herbert D., amI Gerald M. 'Veinberg I Computer Programming Fundamentals I McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
330 West 42 St., New York 36, N. Y. I
1961, printed, 368 pp, $8.50.
For those with little technical backgTound this book is an excellent introduction to ,computer programming in general,
and IBM 7090 programnling in particular.
Following a first chapter on "What is a
Computer?", the authors discuss the entire
programming process from flow diagramming to machine production runs. Among
the eleven chapters are: Indexing, Subroutines, Introduction to Input-Output,
and Arithmetic. Lists of 7090 instructions and SOS (Share Operating System)
pseudo-operations, and an index, are induded.
Beckenbach, Edwin F., editor, and 16 authors I Modern Mathematics for the
Engineer, Second Series I McGraw-Hill
Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42 St., New
York 36, N. Y. I 1961, printed, 456 pp,
$9.50.
The applications of advanced mathematics to current technological needs are
discussed in sixteen papers, given as a
series of lectures-1958-59 at the University of California. The applications in·
clude mathematical techniques used in
hiology, economics, sociology and physics.
The first part of the hook, Mathematical
Methods, consists of five papers including:
"From Delta Functions to Distributions,"
"Integral Transforms," and "Asymptotic
Formulas and Series." Part two, Statisti(:al and Scheduling Studies, includes:
"Chance Processes and Fluctuations," "Information Theory," "Formulating and
Solving Linear Programs," and "The
Mathematical Theory of Inventory Processes." Part three, Physical Phenomena,
includes: "Applications of the Theory of
Partial Differential Equations to Problems of Fluid Mechanics." Name and
subject indices.
Korn, Granino A., and Theresa M. Korn I
Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and
Engineers I McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
330 West 42 St., New York 36, N. Y. I
1961, printed, 943 pp, $20.00.
This handbook, encyclopedic in scope,
presents reviews of important theory,
formulas and definitions in a manner
which allows for quick study and use. In
twenty-one chapters, the authors include:
Real and Complex Numbers, Plane and
Solid Analytic Geometry, Functions and
Limits, Vector Analysis, Complex Variable
Theory, Ordinary and Partial Differential
Equations, Matrices, Differential Geomctry, Probability Theory, Statistics, Numerical Analysis, and Special Functions,
e.g., Bernoulli polynomials and numbers.
Six appendices include information about
trigonometry, permutations and combinations, tables of Fourier expansions of
indefinite and definite integrals, and the
standard mathematical tables, e.g., logari thms, trigonometric functions, Bessel
functions. Glossary of symbols and index.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 19(il

{yj
ha:
"The
today

we ca
day i1
anyw
has e:
ital el
impOl

"W
inven
night'
orderi

have
10%,
ducti(

THE
1039
CO~I

I

NEW PATENTS
RAYMOND R. SKOLNICK
Reg. Patent Agent
Ford Inst. Co., Div. of Sperry Rand
Corp., Long Island City 1, New York

)N,
)N

shed
1951

The following is a compilation
of patents pertaining to computer
and associated equipment fro~ the
"Official Gazette of the U. S. Patent Office," dates of issue as indicated. Each entry consists of patent
number / inventor(s) / assignee /
invention. Printed copies of patents may be obtained from the U. S.
Commissioner of Patents, Washington 25, D. C., at a cost of 25 cents
each.
January 24, 1961 (Cont'd)

l7

1, 6

2,969,526 I Genung L. Clapper, Vestal,
N. Y. I 1.B.M. Corp., New York, N. Y. I
A method and apparatus for handling
and storing binary data.
2,969,528 I Tung Chang Chen, Havertown, Pa. I Burroughs Corp., Detroit,
~Iicll. I A read-write circuit for magnetic recording.

January 31, 1961
8
10

13
15

6
6
22
22

24
28
29

30

;e
;e
;e
;e
;e

24
12
28
12
24
9

--

,1!I(il

2,969,730 I Lyle W. Brehm, Endicott,
N. Y. I I.n.M. Corp., New York, N. Y. I
A data translation and printing machine.
2,969,912 I Andrew C. Reynolds, Jr., Waterbury, Conn. I 1.B.~r. Corp., New
York, N. Y. I An error detecting and
correcting circuit.
2,969,913 I Alvin A. Cherin, Torrance,
and Rohert R. Johnson, Altadena,
Calif. I Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver
City, Calif. I Circuits for selectively
shifting, extracting, and inserting digital information.
2,970,293 I John P. Eckert, Jr., Phila., Pa.
I Sperry Rand Corp., a corp. of Del. I
A binary coun ter.
2,970,294 I Sadia S. Guterman, Dorchester,
Mass. I Raytheon Co., a corp; of Del.
I A mag-netic control circuit for shift
registers.
2,970,296 I Paul V. Horton, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y. I I.B.~r. Corp., New York, N. Y.
I A printed circuit ferrite core memory assembly.
2,970,297 I John A. Kauffmann, Hyde
Park, N. Y. I I.B.~r. Corp., New York,
N. Y. I A magnetic branching circuit
for handling binary information.
2,970,298 I Frank J. Prines, Penn Hills
Township, Allegheny County, Pa. I
Westinghouse Electric Corp., East Pittsburgh, Pa. I A bistable circuit.
2,970,299 I Herman Epstein, West Chester,
and Oscar B. Stram, Paoli, Pa. I Burroughs Corp., Detroit, Mich. I Electrographic recording with magnetic material.
2,970,300 I Victor R. Witt, Poughkeepsie,
Peter 1. Prentky, \Vappingers Falls,
N. Y., and Erwin K. Dudek, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. I I.B.M. Corp., New York,
N. Y. I A skew elimination system.
:!,970,306 I Henry E. Zieman, Lexington,
Mass., and Juhus I. Woolf, Levittown,
Pa. I Research Corp., New York, N. Y. I
A digital to analogue decoder circuit.
2,970,308 I George A. Stringfellow and
Erwin J. Emkjer, San Diego, Calif. I
General Dynamics Corp., San Diego,
Calif. I A para]]cl digital to A.C. Analog convertcr.

peTTER

COMPUTERS alld AUTOMATION for July, 1961

(~)

INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC., PLAINVIEW, NEW YORK

29

2,971,056 I Alan J. Deerfield, Franklin,
Mass. I Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co., Minneapolis, Minn. I An information handling apparatus.

~--

..
.

I.,

.

.,

.,..

.

. .
CRT DISPLAY

We are far out in front in the design and construction of airborne
systems which utilize display consoles. Scientists and engineers
who are interested in digital display, video,. and deflection circuit design for these consoles will find profit in writing to our
Mr. S. L. Hirsch.

rn

LITTON SYSTEMS, INC. Tactical Systems Laboratory
Canoga Park, 'California

,

J

.

~

2,970,309 I William B. Towles, Timonium, Md. I U. S. A. as represented by
the Sec. of the Navy I An analog to
digital .converter.

February 7, 1961
2,970,759 I Walter C. Lanning, Plainview,
N. Y. I Sperry Rand Corp., a corp. of
Del. I An absolute value reversible
counter.
2,970,761 I Raymond Beranger, Paris, Fr.
I North American Philips Co., Inc.,
New York, N. Y. I A digit indicator
employing a shift register.
2,970,763 I Herbert Freeman, Great Neck,
N. Y. I Sperry Rand Corp., a corp. of
Del. I A predetermined pulse selector.

:

. '

2,970,764 I William J. Deerhake, Dumont,
Byron L. Havens, Closter, and Kenneth
E. Schreiner, Harrington Park, N. J. I
I.B.M. Corp., New York, N. Y. I A
checking
circuit
for . determining
whether a multi-decimal position word
expressed in binary-decimal notation
and the indicator of said work are in
accord.
2,970,765 I Raymond Bird, Letchworth,
Eng. I International Computers and
Tabulators Lim., a British Co. I A
data translating apparatus.
2,970,766 I Herman Epstein, Wesl
Chester, Pa. I Burroughs Corp., Detroit,
Mich. I A binary multiplier employing
a delay medium.

February 14, 1961
2,971,696 I Robert A. Henle, Hyde Park,
N. Y. I I.B.M. Corp., New York, N. Y.
I A binary adder circuit.
2,972,060 I Robert D. Torrey, Phila., Pa.
I Sperry Rand Corp., a corp. of DeL I
A logic circuit for producing complement output signals.
2,972,062 I Orner P. Clark, New Vernon,
N. J. I Bell Telephone Lab., Inc., New
York, N. Y. I A transistor binary
counter.
2,972,063 I Arthur W. Carlson, Harrison,
Maine I U. S. A. as represented by the
Sec. of the Air Force I An impulse responsive circuit for binary counting .
2,972,082 I Hartmut P. Kallmann, Flushing, and Barnett Rosenberg, New York,
N. Y. I. Research Corp., New York,
N. Y. I A data storage method and apparatus.
2,972,128 I John P. Eckert, Jr., Gladwyne,
John C. Sims, Jr., Springhouse, and
Herbert F. Welsh, Phila., Pa. I Sperry
Rand Corp., New York, N. Y. I A phase
modulated pulse recording system.
2,972,130 I Robert C. Minnick, Cam·
bridge, Mass.· I Bell Telephone Lab.,
Inc., New York, N. Y. I A magnetic core
storage circuit.
2,972,131 I Gerhard Dirks, Frankfurt, Ger.
I ............ I Apparatus for sorting signals recorded on a magnetisable signal
carrier.
2,972,136 I Luther P. Giesler, Rockville,
Md. I ............ I A data handling system and magnetic switching network
therefor.
February 21, 1961
2,972,718 I Norman N. Alperin, Cinna·
minson Township, Burlington County,
and Warren A. Mulle, Morrestown,
N. J. I u. S. A. as represented by the
Sec. of the Navy I A synchronized
sampled data digital servo.
2,972,733 I J. Fred Bucy, Jr., Dallas, Tex.
I Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, Tex.
I A method and apparatus for ana·
lyzing data.
2,972,735 I Harrison W. Fuller, Boston,
and Robert C. Kelner, Concord, Mass,
I Lab. for Electronics, Inc., Boston,
Mass. I A data processing system.

ADVERTISING INDEX
Following is the index of advertisements. Each item contains: Name and address of the advertiser / page number
where the advertisement appears / name of agency if any.
Aeronutronic Div. Ford Motor Co., Newport Beach, Calif.
/ Page 32 .I Honig-Cooper & Harrington
Automatic Electric, Northlake, Ill. / Page 2 / Kudner
Agency, Inc.
Burroughs Corp., Detroit 32, Mich. / Page 7 / CampbellEwald Co.
DI/AN Controls, Inc., 944 Dorchester Ave., Boston 25,
Mass. / Page 27 / Keyes, Martin & Co.
Electric Boat, a Div. of General Dynamics, Groton, Conn.
/ Page 17 / D' Arcy Advertising Co.
Honeywell Aero, Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co.,
2600 Ridgway Rd., Minneapolis 40, Minn. / Page 27 /
Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc.
30

Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City, Calif. / Page 28 /
Foote, Cone & Belding
Litton Systems, Inc., Tactical Systems Laboratory, Canoga
Park, Calif. / Page 30 / Compton Advertising, Inc.
The Mitre Corp., P.O. Box 2'08, 5-MU, Bedford, Mass. /
Page 3 1 / Deutsch & Shea, Inc.
The National Cash Register Co., Dayton 9, Ohio / Pages
5, 23 / McCann-Erickson, Inc.
Philco Corp., Government & Industrial Group, Computer
Div., 3900 Welsh Rd., Willow Grove, Pa. / Page 3 /
Maxwell Associates, Inc.
Potter Instrument Co., Inc., Plainview, N. Y. / Page 29 /
Gamut, Inc.
Reeves Soundcraft Corp., Great Pasture Rd., Danbury,
Conn. / Page 26 / The Wexton Co., Inc.
Remington Rand Univac, Univac Park, St. Paul, Minn. /
Page 25 / Mullen & Associates, Inc.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

MITRE is a 11011profit

system el1gilleeritlg
oroal1izatioll ellgaged
ill the design,
dCl,elopment and
Cl'alllatiol1 of
COlll11lal1d alld
cOlltrol
systems.

ENGINEERS and SCIENTISTS
SATIN is an example of MITRE's pioneering
efforts in large control systems. Excellent
opportunities are currently available in this
program for well-trained engineers, mathematicians, and
physicists with active, inquiring minds. If you have an interest in
computers, communications, control systems or aircraft and like
to put new ideas to work, there may be a place for you in MITRE's
expanding Air Traffic Control activities. Openings are also available
at MITRE's facility in Montgomery, Alabama.
Inquiries may he directed in confidence to
VICE PRESIDENT - TECHNICAL OPERATIONS

I

1961

A brochure more fully
describing :M11'RE
and its activities is
available upon request.

THE

:"." .:..: ...... ::.:::.::: ..... :. :....

."

MITRE

.+(lIIIX;i40)it+iliK~)gl$ll

Post Office Box 208, 5-MU-Bedfonl, 1Hass;trlillsetts

All qualified app1ical1ts will receive cOl1sideration for emploYlllellt withollt regard to Race, Creed, Color or 'Natiollal Origill.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1961

31

CO

AP

BIAX MEMORIES are the answer
Aeronutronic's BIAX INSTRUCTION MEMORIES will
increase the speed of your computer, data handler,
or control system. These remarkable memories operate at high speed, with non-destructive read, low
power, and high reliability.
BIAX MEMORIES offer access time of 0.4 ,usec and
cycle time of 1.0 ,usec without need for regeneration.
These advanced memory systems will give you the
necessary speed and reliability for all your program
storage.
Specifications
Up to 1024 words
Up to 36 bits per word
Read cycle time: 1.0,usecond
Access time: 0.4 ,usecond
Loading: From paper tape or your equipment
at rates up to 200 kc
Power: Less than 50 watts
Temperature: O°C to 50°C

BIAX MEMORIES are available in several standard
sizes or can be built to your specifications on a fixed
price basis. Their low power requirements plus high
reliability over a broad range of environmental conditions assure dependable performance.
For further information regarding BIAX MEMORIES'
applicable to your requirements you are
invited to write or call: Manager of Marketing, Computer Products Operations, Department 27.
capabilitie~

.t

AERONUTRONIC
DIVISION

NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA

--



---

Source Exif Data:

File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.3
Linearized                      : No
XMP Toolkit                     : Adobe XMP Core 4.2.1-c043 52.372728, 2009/01/18-15:56:37
Producer                        : Adobe Acrobat 9.1 Paper Capture Plug-in
Modify Date                     : 2009:03:18 21:29:41-07:00
Create Date                     : 2009:03:18 21:29:41-07:00
Metadata Date                   : 2009:03:18 21:29:41-07:00
Format                          : application/pdf
Document ID                     : uuid:7ffb401e-462d-4cc6-b3a8-4e8f56f85400
Instance ID                     : uuid:5adcbe70-e705-4e02-97c2-87d406ff2fa8
Page Layout                     : SinglePage
Page Mode                       : UseNone
Page Count                      : 48

EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools