196302
196302 196302
User Manual: 196302
Open the PDF directly: View PDF 
.
Page Count: 52
| Download | |
| Open PDF In Browser | View PDF |
-:F ebruary, 1963
CD
A Computer in the Hand Is Worth. . . ?
I
/,
Super Phone
It's an apt name for a DATA· PHONE data set; for it can
telephone machine talk as well as people talk.
It gives business machines a voice to send great volumes of data anywhere there are regular telephone lines.
Anything that can be put on punched cards or tape can
be telephoned automatically and accurately-16 times
faster than people talk in normal conversation.
DATA· PHONE service can save time and money for your
business ... give you tight control of operations. Talk to
one of our Communications Consultants about it. Just
call your Bell Telephone Business Office and ask for him.
Bell Telephone System
This Control Data 160-A peripheral processif/g [llIckag('
II'iH
,llIcce,Hflllly dell/of/Jtmti-" thwl/gllOl/t tl",
II'(-ek
of October 22, 1962.
Lower cost, higher off-line output with
Control Data's new peripheral processing package
Many users are searching for an inexpensive method for
processing an extremely large, daily volume of card and
listing operations-one that does not require two, three,
even four small-scale computer systems. A single desksize Control Data 160-A Computer is the answer.
• Automatic parity checking, automatic re-read on parity
error (errors indicated on "hard copy").
• Continuous operations-all equipment operating whenever data exists and equipment is "ready."
• High "turn around."
BASIC SYSTEM-The Control Data 160-A Computer can • Blocked or unblocked print records.
function as an off-line control unit in a processing pack- • Expandability allows up to eight or more tape-to-printer
age which operates four printers at a rate of up to 4000
pairs with simultaneous dual card-to-tape or tapelines/minute while simultaneously performing card-to-tape
to-card operations.
operations at the maximum rate of the card reader.
. With the Control Data 160-A Computer, the entire EXPANDED SYSTEM-An expanded version of the basic
process is under continuous program control without the peripheral processing package includes the Control Data
need for an operator at the computer console. All tape-to- 169 Auxiliary Memory Unit. This system allows a combiprinter, card-to-printer pairs will operate continuously as nation of any two card-to-tape or tape-to-card operations
determined by their "ready" conditions. If at any time while driving from one to eight or more tape-to-printer pairs.
From a programming point of view, the expanded sysone pair is receiving operator attention (for instance,
changing tape, supplying additional cards, loading paper, tem utilizing the auxiliary memory unit can handle blocked
or maintaining equipment), the remaining pairs continue print records of any number of lines per print record
to operate. In brief, the peripheral processing package because of the external buffer channel and additional
will continue to operate at full capability as long as core storage.
If you need fast, daily servicing of your large-scale
information exists to be processed.
Here's an inexpensive, efficient, high":speed way to computer output, but have been processing this data at
accomplish daily listing without tying up the time and the expense of productive computer time, check Control
Data's new peripheral processing package. Write today
capability of your large-scale computer.
for pUblication IIBR9 (11-62) or contact your nearest
This peripheral processing package features:·
Control Data representative.
• Simultaneous, full-speed operation (up to 4000 lines Offices: Albuquerque • Beverly Hills
• Birmingham •. Boston • Chicago
per minute; single line spacing).
• Operation without console supervision.
•
tape format compatibility:
High 556 bits/in. and/or low 200 bits/in. densities.
IBM
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
• Cleveland. Dall:ls. Dayton. Denver
• Detroit. Honolulu. Houston. Ithaca
• Minneapolis • Newark • Norfolk
• Orlando • Palo Alto • San Diego
• San Francisco • Washington, D.C.
• Wilmington
CONTROL DATA
)
CORPORATION
8100 34th AVENUE SO .• MINNEAPOLIS 20. MINN.
3
Broad acceptance of our product line coupled with the fact
that so many Potter "specials" are now industry standards
NEW PRINTER DIVISION
has resulted in such dr~matic growth that we have increased
our plant and production capacity by more than 65%
henefit you through faster delivery'
This new production capability can directly
For example, we ctln deliver our standard transports in 4 weeks,
and standard printers in 12 weeks from receipt of order
If you require fast delivery- with no
sacrifice in performance or reliability, write us today.
POTTER INSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.
TAPE TRANSPORT DIVISION 151 Sunnysiq,e Boulevard. Plainview,
PRINTER DIVISION East Bethpage Road. Plainview, New York
New York
T.M.
4
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
The "Computer in the Hand" this month
is one of the six modules
of a new thin-film,
microtonic computer
performing 125,000 additions per second
in a space less than 0.2 cubic feet.
Story and more pictures on page 40.
,
..
FEBRUARY, 1963 Vol. XII, No.2
computers and data processors:
construction, applications,
and implications,
including automation
editor and publisher
EDMUND C. BERKELEY
associate publisher
PATRICK J. MCGOVERN
In This Issue
10
MOSES M. BERLIN
NEIL D. MACDONALD
L. LADD LOVETT
production manager
15
22
A SURVEY AND STUDY OF THE COMPUTER FIELD, PART 2
by Industrial Securities Committee,
Investment Bankers Association of America
JOHN LOVELL
advisory committee
.,.
T. E. CHEATHAM, JR.
GEORGE E.FORSYTHE
RICHARD W. HAMMING
ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER
HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR.
circulation manager
VIRGINIA A. NELSON, 815 Washington st.
Newtonville 60, Mass., DEcatur 2-5453
In Every Issue
across the editors desk
31
San Francisco 5, A. S. BABCOCK
605 Market St., YUkon 2-3954
Elsewhere, THE PUBLISHER
815 Washington st., DEcatur 2-5453
Newtonville 60, Mass.
COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER
readers' and editor's forum
6
6
6
7
American Computers -
44
46
49
A View from Poland
A History of Writing. Compilers- Comment
Association for Computing Machinery, 1963 Annual Meeting
Calendar of Coming Events
reference
informati01~
Monthly Computer Census
Books and Other Publications, by Moses M. Berlin
New Patents, by Raymond Skolnick
index of notices
advertising representatives
Los Angeles 5, WENTWORTH F. GREEN
439 So. Western Ave., DUnkirk 7-8135
INSTRUMENTATION AND THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS REVOLUTION
by Gi Ibert W. Kinr.
art director
ANDREW D. BOOTH
NED CHAPIN
JOHN W. CARR, III
ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER
PETER KUGEL
TO CATCH A CRIMINAL
by Thomas H. Giske
ANN B. BAKER
contributing editors
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR A GIGACYCLE COMPUTER
by Omar S. Goode
assistant editors
50
48
50
48
30
Glossary of Computer Terms
52
Who's Who in the Computer Field
Advertising Index
Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide
Manuscripts
Reference and Survey Information
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE 60, MASS., BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. PRINTED IN U.S.A. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: UNITED STATES,
$15.00 FOR 1 YEAR, $29.00 FOR 2 YEARS, INCLUDING THE JUNE DIRECTORY ISSUE; CANADA, ADD SOc A YEAR FOR POSTAGE; FOREIGN, ADD $1.50 A YEAR FOR POSTAGE. ADDRESS ALL EDITORIAL AND
SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE 60, MASS.
POSTMASTER: PLEASE SEND ALL FORMS 3579 TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE 60, MASS. COPYRIGHT, 1962, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: IF YOUR ADDRESS CHANGES, PLEASE SEND US BOTH YOUR NEW ADDRESS AND YOUR OLD ADDRESS (AS IT APPEARS ON THE MAGAZINE ADDRESS IMPRINT), AND ALLOW THREE WEEKS rOR THE
CHANGE TO BE MADE.
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION, FOR FEBRUARY, 1963
'a nd
Readers Editor's Forum
"AMERICAN COMPUTERS-A VIEW
FROM POLAND"-CORRECTION
Dr. Wladyslaw Turski
Computation Centre
Polish Academy of Sciences
Warsaw, Poland
I feel greatly honored by your 'Publication of my
comments made while I was attending the Conference
of the ASRociation for Computing Machinery in Syracuse in September, in the report which appeared on
page 8 of the October issue of your widely read
monthly.
I'd like to take this occasion to say that the paper I
presented there was written jointly with Dr. M. Greniewski; this is not clear from the report you have
published in "Computers and Automation."
Also, although this is far less important, the correct
spelling of my name is "Tursk1i"; and I am not rela1ted to the famous Polish mathematician and logician
Professor A. Tarski.
"A HISTORY OF WRITING COMPILERS"
-COMMENT
Margaret H. Harper
tribute to the professional growth and enlightenment
of his contemporaries. The program committee recognizes that all serious endeavors are worthy of reporting. The final acceptance will, of course, be based
primarily upon the content and significance of the
contribution in an effort to present to the membership
papers of the highest possible quality. Each member
of the computing community is invited and encouraged
to participate professionally in this 18th national
meeting of the ACM.
Contributed papers are encouraged on any computerrelated topic. Each person wishing ,to contribute a
paper to the program must send four copies each of a
100-word abstract and an 800-word summary by April
15, 1963, to: Fred P. Venditti, Program Chairman,
1963 ACM National Conference, University of Denver,
Denver 10, Colorado.
The time for presentation of each contributed paper
will be 10 minutes followed by 5 minutes for discussion.
Papers must have a specific title. The author's name
and affiliation must appear on each page of all copies
of both abstract and summary. The abstract and summary must represent the true content of the pwper. The
abstract will be included in the printed program of the
meeting, and will be the only information published
by the conference concerning the' paper.
Drexel Hill, Pa.
Donald E. Knuth's article in your December 1962
issue titled "A History of Writing Compilers" overlooks some eady history.
In early 1953 Dr. Grace M. Hopper had a mathematical compiler called "A-Zero" running on Univac I
at that time.
The IBM 650 did not even exist in 1953; so it is
unlikely that Dr. Perlis had written IT at Ithat time.
EDP -
IN 25 WORDS OR LESS
ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY,
1963 ANNUAL MEETING, AUGUST 27.30,
DENVER, COLORADO
(Based on information from W. H. Eichelberger,
General Chairman, 1963 ACM National Conference,
University of Denver, Denver 10, Colorado.)
The Association for Computing Machinery will hold
i,ts 18th Nat"ional Conference August 27 to, 30, 1963, at
the Denver Hilton Hotel in Denver, Colorado. Continuing the policy of the past two years, there will be
an International Data Processing Exhibit as a part
of the conference. The University of Denver is Host
Institution for this conference. Program Chairman is
Fred P. Venditti.
Call for Papers
The ACM National Meeting presents each member
of the computing community the opportunity to C'3n6
"Explain how it works -
but briefly"
CQMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 196.3
CALEN,DAR OF COMING EVENTS
Feb. 4-8, 1963: ASTM Committee Week~ Queen Elizabeth
Hotel, Montreal, Canada
Feb. 11-15, 1963: 5th Institute on Information Storage
and Retrieval of the School of Government and Public
Administration of The American University, International Inn, Washington, D. C.; contact Dr. Lowell H.
Hattery, Director, Center for Technology and Administration, The American University, 1901 F St., N.W.,
Washington 6, D. C.
Feb. 20-22, 1963: International Solid State Circuits Conference. Sheraton Hotel and Univ. of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pa.; contact S. K. Ghandi, PhiIco Scientific Lab., Blue Bell, Pa.
Mar. 6-7, 1963: Disc File Symposium, Hollywood Thunderbird Inn, Hollywood Calif.; contact Dr. Walter' F.
Bauer, Informatics Inc., 8535 Warner Dr., Culver City,
Calif.
Mar. 15-16, 1963: Pacific Computer Conference, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.; contact
Dr. E. J. Schubert, Systems Division of Beckman 1nstruments, Inc., 2400 Harbor Blvd., Fullerton, ~alif.
Mar. 19-21, 1963: Symposium on Biomcs, sponsored by
Aeronautical Systems Div. of fhe Air Force Systems
Command, Wright-Pa'tterson Air Force Base, Ohio, Biltmore Hotel, Dayton, Ohio; contact Commander, Aeronautical Systems Div., Attn.: ASRNEB-3, Lt. Col.
1. M. Butsch, Jr., Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
Ohio
May 13-15,1963: National Aerospace Electronics Conference (NAECON), Biltmore Hotel, Dayton, Ohio;
contact IEEE Dayton Office, 1414 E. 3rd St., Dayton,
Ohio.
May 17-18, 1963: Symposium on Artificial Control of
Biology Systems, Univ. of Buffalo, School of Medicine,
Buffalo, N. Y.; contact D. P. Sante, 4530 Greenbriar
Rd., Williamsville 21, N. Y.
May 20-22, 1963: National Symposium on Microwave
Theory and Techniques, Miramar Hotel, Santa Monica,
Calif.; contact Irving Kaufman, Spa,ce Tech. Labs., Inc.,
1 Space Park, Redondo Beach, Calif.
May 20-22, 1963: National Telemetering Conference,
Hilton Hotel, Albuquerque, N. M.; contact T. J.
Hoban, NTC Program Chairman, Sandia Corp., P. O.
Box 5800, Albuquerque, N. M.
May 21-23, 1963: Spring Joint Computer Conference,
Cobo Hall, Detroit, Mich.; contact Dr. E. Calvin Johnson, Bendix Aviation Corp., Detroit, Mich.
June 11-13, 1963: National Symp. on Space Electronics
and Telemetry, Los Angeles, Calif.; contact John R.
Kauke, Kauke & Co., 1632 Euclid St., Santa Monica,
Calif.
June 19-21, 1963: Joint Automatic Control Conference,
Univ. of Minn., Minneapolis, Minn.; contact Otis 1.
Updike, Univ. of Va., Charlottesville, Va.
June 23-28, 1963: ASTM 66th Annual Ml'Cting, Chalfonte-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, N. J.
Mar. 23, 1963: 7th Annual Symposium on Recent Advances in Computer Technology, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio; contact R. K. Kissinger, Publicity Chairman, c/o Nationwide Insurance Companies,
246 No. High St., Columbus, Ohio.
June 25-28,1963: Data Processing Management Association's 12th International Data Processing Conference
and Business Exposition, Cobo Hall, Dctroit, Mich.;
contact DPMA Headquarters, 524 Busse Highway, Park
Ridge, Ill.
Mar. 25-28, 1963: IRE International Convention, Coliseum and Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York; contact
Dr. D. B. Sinclair, IRE Headquarters, 1 E. 79th St.,
New York 2'1, N. Y.
Apr. 16-18, 1963: Optical Masers Symposium, United Eng.
Center, New York, N. Y.; ,contact Jerome Fox, PIB
Microwave/Res. Inst., 55 Johnson St., Brooklyn 1, N. Y.
July 15-17, 1963: 3rd Annual Rochester Conference on
Data Acquisition and Processing in Medicine and Biology,
Whipple Auditorium, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, N. Y.; contact Kurt Enslein, 42 East
Ave., Rochester 4, N. Y.
Apr. 17-19, 1963: International Conference on Nonlinear Magnetics (INTERMAG), S h 0 r e ham Hotel,
Washington, D. C.; con:tact J. J. Suozzi, BTL Labs.,
Allentown, Pa.
Apr. 11-19, 1963! Southwestern IRE Conference and.
Elec. Show (SWIRECO), Dallas Memorial Auditorium,
Dallas, Tex.; contact Prof. A. E. Salis, E. E. Dept.,
Arlington State College, Arlington, Tex.
April 23-25, 1963: The Eleventh National Conference on
Electromagnetic Relays, Student Union Bldg., Oklahoma
State University, Stillwater, Okla.; contact Prof. Charles
F. Cameron, Technical Coordinator of the N ARM,
Oklahoma State University School of Electrical Engineering, Stillwater, Okla.
April 24-26, 1963: Power Industry Computer Application Conference, Hotel Westward Ho, Phoenix 4, Ariz.;
contact E. J. Lassen, 453 E. Lamar Rd., Phoenix 12,
Ariz.
May 7-9, 1963: 1963 Electronic Components Conference,
International Inn, 14th & M Sts., N.W., Washington 5,
D. C.; contact J. E. Hickey, Chilton Co., Chestnut &
56th Sts., Philadelphia 39, Pa.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
July 22-26, 1963: 51th IIl!ternational Conference on Medical
Electronics, Liege, Belgium; contact Dr. 1. E. Flory,
RCA Lahs., Princeton, N. J.
Aug. 4-9, 1963: International Conference and Exhibit on
Aerospa,ce Support, Sheraton-Park Hotel, Washington, D. C.; contact F. K. Nichols, Air Defense Div.
Directorate of Operations, DSC/O Hdqs., USAF, Washington 25, D. C.
Aug. 20-23, 1963: Western Elec. Show and Conference
(WESCON), Cow Palace, San Francisco, Calif.; contact
WESCON, 1435 La Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif.
Aug. 27-Sept. 4, 1963: 2nd Congress, International Federation of Automatic Control, Basic, Switzerland; contact
Dr. Gerald Weiss, E. E. Dept., Polytechnic Inst., 333
Jay St., Brooklyn 1, N. Y.
Sept. 9-11, 1963: 7th National Convention on Military
Electronics (MIL-E-CON 7), Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D. c.; contact 1. D. Whitelock, Exhibits Chairman, 5614 Greentn:e Road, Bethesda 14, Md.
Sept. 24-27, 1963: International Telemetering Conference,
London, England; contact 1. 1. Rauch, Univ. of Mich.,
Dept. of Aero Engrg., Ann Arbor, Mich.
7
••••• ••
••
•
•
•••
•
•
•
•• •• •••
•• •••• ••
•• • •
•••
BECAUSE YOU BUY NO MORE THAN YOU
NEED AND NO LESS THAN WILL DO THE JOB
new PHILCO IJD8©upricing
Now computer pricing
has caught up with the computer age
through Philco PACT Pricing.
(PACT: Pay Actual Computer Time)
It's pricing that's as up-to-date as 1963 ..•
pricing that saves you money when you use your computer
and when you don't use your computer.
For a minimum investment
PACT gives you maximum computer time.
It allows you to use the computer by the hour •••
not by the day.
For Philco 4000 Series users
PACT ends the 176 hours-per-month
sacred cow of the computer industry ...
And why not?
With PACT you can now tie the cost of your computer
to throughput ... and PACT gives the benefits of efficiency
to the one who deserves them ... the user.
It makes a real difference
If you have an application with peak loads
(and who doesn't) ...
or if you feel you need a real computer
but can't make the 176-hour gamble.
I
Low basic charges
'"
I III I
I II
PACT pricing brings you a new 4000 Series computer
with 8-thousand characters of memory
and four magnetic tapes,
a printer, a card reader and punch for less than •••
$4000 per month
plus approximately $22 an hour.
Of course, you get more than the computer.
This price includes the extensive 4000 software package
and Philco service and back-up support.
PACT couldn't be better
even if you worked out the plan yourself
it's today's most sensible pricing
for today's most sensible computer.
8
I
~
1:1!J;l 11~1~!J;~\'M'-rlliW (!HI
"":_:? I~I:?\'.'I I~: •• ~~ PACT ,;":l_!JW.!l / /1
______________________________________
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
~/L
!
IS WHAT WE DESIGNED IN ...
NOT WHAT WE LEFT OUT
You need the BEST computer available
Which is the best?
The one that fills your needs ... sensibly.
So if you need real capability and real flexibility
plus low cost
we're pretty sure a Philco 4000 Series computer
will qualify as the best for you.
To begin with it's fast ...
(effective memory access time: 3 microseconds)
fast enough to do almost any job.
And that's not all .••
within the Philco 4000 Series you can choose
some of the fastest
and some of the slowest input-output devices ...
it depends on your needs and your pocketbook.
More flexibility
There's been a lot of debate
about fixed and variable word length computers.
With the Philco 4000 Series there's no need to debate.
It works fixed or variable word length ...
whichever fits the individual program best.
I
II
Everyman's computer?
I
I
I
/
;,/
//
/
We wish it were.
If you need a small special purpose computer,
a Philco 4000 probably has too much stuff.
And if you need fantastic power,
we recommend a Philco 2000 Series computer.
/
But if you're in the middle
/
PH I Leo
"....,.~~~
COMPUTER
DIVISION
616 Pennsylvania Ave., Ft. Washington, PL
(and most of us are these days) we think
a Philco 4000 will measure up to your unique needs
for scientific or business applications, or both.
Because the 4000
is today's most sensible computerwith today's most sensible pricing.
Mitchell 6-8600
To prove our point we would appreciate an opportunity
to measure Philco 4000 cost and performance
in terms of your specific needs.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
9
DESIGN CRITERIA
Omar S. Goode
Circuit design, input/output, and programming requirements for a computer clocking a billion cycles a
second.
T
HE TIMING and speed of the internal electronic
operations in an electronic computer are governed
by an electric current oscillating at a stated frequency. This fundamental frequency, often referred
to as the clocking frequency, was measured in kBo-
cycles per second (1,000 cps) in the early computers.
One of the most dramatic advances in computer design
has been a steady increase in the clocking frequency,
since a faster clocking frequency will obviously result
in faster electronic operations within the computer,
if all other things remain equal. Most of the computers currently being built are governed by a clocking frequency measured in megacycles per second
(1,000,000 cps). The upward trend in clock frequency
shows 110 sign of weakening. In fact, a new term,
"gigacycles" (1,000 megacycles) has been introduced
by computer design engineers! to accommodate the
frequencies of future computers.
Granted that not all the electronic techniques for
such extreme speeds have been mastered, the essential
consideration is that a new 'generation of computers
is on the horizon. Perhaps it would be well to examine
the criteria of computer design to determine how this
new potential in speed can best be utilized.
Input-Output
Input-output operations impose 'a practical limit for
computer operating speed. The conventional off-line
readers and printers are no solution because inputoutput operations from magnetic tape into a gigacycle
computer would require a major portion of computer
10
Ohio State University
time in all except the most highly involved mathematical applications. Therefore, i,t would be nonsense
to suggest that the present-day computer be constructed with "tunnel diodes" and "molectronic" components simply to increase its speed 1,000-fold.
Dollar cost, except for a few isolated instances, is
the final factor which will determine whether or not a
computer may be used. Since all new developments are
costly, and since many computer installations are now
marginal from a cost standpoint. one can question
how the new generation of computers can be introduced. Surely many new computer designs will be
stillborn unless the trend toward ever increasing complexity, resulting in a higher cost, can be reversed. It
does not necessarily follow that if a computer is faster
it must be more complex. Therefore a natural solution
to the dilemma is a re-evaluation of design criteria
with a greater emphasis on simplicity. In short, if the
electronic components of a computer are pared to absolute essentials, a gigacycle computer could be built to
hold its own costwise.
Computer Instructions
Before proceeding with specific suggestions, it may
be well to mention the "Turing Machine" which is often
cited as the ultimate in simpHfied design. The device
was proposed by an English mathematician, Mr. A. M.
Turing 2 , in the mid 1930's. Essentially, the system
consists of two (pr more) tapes, on which it is possible
to indicate binary- numbers by means of a series of
spaces and marks, with a method of sensing and erasing the marks or spaces, and also a method of controlling the motion of the tapes. Turing and others 3
working with variations of the system have proven
that any desired computation can be performed by
such a machine. The principle of the Turing Machine
CQMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
FOR A GIGACYCLE COMPUTER
Columbus 10, Ohio
may be restated as follows: Any desired numerical
computation can be performed by a series of operations
belonging to Boolean algebra slightly extended. In
other words, every computer which includes the instructions "Logical And," "Logical Or," the usual
"shift" and "branch" operations, and a method of
complementing a number, is also a Turing Machine.
Thus it is possible to build a computer with a very
limited repertoire of electronic commands. But the
trend in contemporary computer design is exactly the
a computer with a very limited number of commands
will be somewhat more than for a computer with an
extensive set of commands, but at 1,000 megacycles
this is an academic consideration. On the other hand,
if running time is important, a computer with automatic indexing, and also having a convenient reference
for subroutInes, but limited to the arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction could compete in
running time with a computer with the most extensive
repertoire of commands if the proper set of sub-
opposite, as evidenced by the sales literature from
computer manufacturers, listing a large number of
commands in their machines. It is granted that the
variety of available commands, (provided with much
effort and expense on the part of the design engineer)
is useful. Yet, unfortunately, most programmers prefer to use compilers or interpretive routines rather
than the machine language, or the machine-related
symbolic language. Furthermore, the trend is toward
a greater use of automatic programs. This process is
self-defeating. While computers are being designed
with increasing command capacities, programs are
being developed to evade the use of these built-in
capacities. So vitally important are the programming aids, referred to as software, that the manufacturer who neglects this area is courting disaster. Unquestionably, computer operations are very complex.
However, the complexity that is spared in design can
be accommodated by programming techniqueg that
have been adopted by every successful manui'adurer
of computers. An additional advantage of building
complexity into programs rather than circuitry is the
flexibility of the programming aids. A set of subroutines chosen for the specific problem to be programmed is the greatest possible programming aid.
It is obvious that the running time for a problem on
routines were available. For example, only one type
of multiplication is usually available as an electronic
operation. If, on the other harid, multiplication is
performed by a set of subroutines, the exact type of
multiplication needed for each particular application
could be chosen, resulting in faster operation in spite
of the absence of the multiply operation as a specific
electronic command. In short, neither speed nor programming ease need be sacrificed in order to use a
very fast computer with a limited set of electronic
commands.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
Parallel Operation
Most of the megacycle computers are desis.nlcd to
operatc in parallel in ordel· to achieve an acecptable
opcrating speed. By parallcl OPCl":ltioll, we mean that
all the binary digits of a numbel' are opel·ated on
simultaneously by the use of parallel circuits. Therefore, most of thc circuit elements al·C rcpeated many
times, for example 35 repetitions are necessary in a
computer designed to operate on a 36-digit binary
number.
This extension of complexity should be avoided in
the gigacycle computer by the use of serial operations.
That is, only one circuit would be used and the digits
in the binary number would be operated on in se-
11
quence. Obviously, the time required to complete an
electronic command is greater in a serial machine than
in a parallel "machine if they have the same clock
frequency; but this is one example of how we are
proposing to utilize the speed potential of gigacycle
system. Therefore, the circuitry of the gigacycle computer can be greatly simplified by the use of the serial
mode.
Word Format
We have shown that computer design can be simplified by restricting the number of electronic commands
and by performing operations s.erially rather than' in
parallel. A ,third and more fundamental specification
which greatly affects the complexity of the computer
is the word format. Generally speaking, two formats
are being used: binary, and binary coded decimal.
Circuitry is more complex for binary coded decimal
operations because the binary integers must be set
up in subgroups within the word format, and the
configuration of bits in each subgroup must be checked
for numeric entries for each arithmetic operation.
Also, complexity is an incirect result of inefficient use
of the binary integers jn binary coded decimal operation. For example, 12 binary digits are required to
represent the decimal numbers 00 through 99 in many
computers using the binary coded decimal format. On
the other hand, 12 binary digits can represent the numbers 0000 through 4095, a range of almost 41 times
that for the binary .coded decimal mode. The BCD
mode is utilized because programming in machine
language, or in symbolic language (which is machinerelated), is s'implified. The programming aid is especially important for input-output operations. However,
as was observed in the case for a restricted set of electronic commands, complexity can just as well be accommodated, and in some instances can be better
accommodated by the use of programming techniques
than by circuitry. In other words, the dollars invested
in the binary coded decimal components of a computer
are entirely lost when automat'ic, that is, machinewritten, programs are used.
Sign and Redundancy
Obviously, a gigacycle computer should be designed
to use the binary word format. It is almost a unive,rsal
practice to use one of the binary digits as a sign bit.
While this practice is very convenient for the program~er using ~achine or symbolic language, it
neceSSItates a conSIderable amount of specialized circuitry to provide for automatic si'gn tests, automatic
complements, etc. Again, we have 'an instance of complexity be~ng handled by circuitry rather than by
programmmg. A negative number can just as well be
handled as a complement, which is indicated by the
presence of a "one" in the left-most position of the
binary number. Incidentally, some programming would
be simplified, because the illogical "minus zero" could
not occur. Therefore, the word format for the gigacycle computer should s'imply be a specified number of
bits representing an unsigned binary number. It would
be well to extend the word format by one ,position to
inclu~e a redundancy bit. The redundancy test, that is
countmg the number of "ones" in a binary number and
checki~g for a pre-established odd (or even) count,
would mcrease the complexity, but the distinction is
that in this instance the complexity could be accom~
modated by programming techniques in only a very
superficial manner.
12
Generality
All design problems are matters of compromise. As
noted in the preceding paragraph, simplicity in design
should be compromised for the criterion of reliable
operation by including redundancy checks and any
other feasible self-checking system. Also, simplicity
could become an intolerable strait jacket unless it is
tempered with the companion criterion of generality.
The importance of generality as a design criterion is
implied in the fundamental concept of computer design
which was enunciated by John Von Neumann, namely;
a computer 'is essentially a means of storing numbers,
each of which is addressed, and each capable of being
used as an operator or an operand. A glance at the
flow chart of the central processing unit in any modern computer manual, with its maze of special purpose
registers and special interdependent relationships, is
witness to the violation of the prinC'iple of generality.
The contents of every register in ,the computer, with
the possi'ble exceptions of the program register 4 and
the address registers which control the switch settings,
should be available to the programmer as an operator
or an operand. In short, the accumulator, the index
registers, the location counter, and any other s'pecial
purpose registers should be a part of general storage,
and available to the programmer.
Buffering
In order that the speed of the gigacycle computer be
utilized, it is essential that all input-output operations
be buffered. This is another instance of compromising
the criterion of simplicity, but this time for a very
good reason. Incidentally", because of the binary word
format, the input-output buffers will simply register
the card image.
Facsimile Printer
A new output medium, facsimile printing, has been
introduced which is very well adapted for the gigacycle
computer. The printing is achieved by a series of very
small dots caused by an electric discharge. The dots
are spaced 100 per inch horizontally, and the vertical
spacing is regulated by successive discharges in relationship to paper travel, which could be set at 100
per inch by proper programming. Several advantages
of this proposal are immediately apparent. The scheme
is extremely simple. The only moving parts 'are those
concerned with paper travel. Multiple copies could be
printed without the use of carbon paper by regulating
the strength of the discharge. The scheme is extremely versatile. Pre-printed forms could be obviated
by super-imposing the output content on a stored output form. Also, the output could be in the form of
maps' (a weather map with isobM's superimposed on
the stored geographic map) charts, curves of any tYlpe,
etc. The output would be extremely fast. Gigacycle
operations would allow ample programming time for
paper travel at the rate of 10 inches or so per second
(6,000 lines at 6 lines per inch per minute).
Photoelectric Scanner
The introduction of the facs'imile printer as an output medium, suggests the inverse, a photoelectric
scanner as an input device. The output form, suggested in the preceding paragraph, could be read (or
scanned) and placed in computer storage. Another
wide-spread use of facsimile input would be the possibility of using typewritten or printed matter as an
input medium, directly into the computer. Prior scanCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
ning of a formal sample of the type font for any such
printed or typed materials could be programmed to set
up code relationships, achieving a very wide range of
applications.
Integrated Computer
In view of the s'implified card reader and facsimile
printer, it would be well to consider the possibility of
an integrated computer. This is a more important consideration for the gigacycle computer, because as the
clock frequency is increased, the physical limit of the
she, of the electronic components is decreased. Therefore, the basic integrated computer consisting of a
card reader, facsimile printer, the storage medium,
and the central processing unit, should be included in
a single unit. Of course, provision could be made for
auxiliary input-output media such as magnetic and
paper tapes, card punch, a facsimile reader, and any
other useful devices. Off line input-output devices
which are generally associated with large scale computers are a necessary strategy to justify the very
expensive computer. In contrast, multiple units of a
simplified integrated computer, each capable of reading data and printing reports would be much more
flexible.
Basically, nothing new has been suggested in the
preceding paragraphs. o'n the contrary, the concept of
micro-programming, which has seemingly been discarded, should be re-examined as a computer technique. The increased potential speed, resulting from
the increased clock frequency, should be applied to a
simplified 'integrative design, resulting in reduced cost
and a greater reliability and flexibility than has been
possible in computers presently available.
1 Gigacycle Computer Sy~tcms,
Publication S·} :.\6, published by:
American Institute of Electrical Engineers, :145 Ellst ·17th Street, New
York 17, N. Y.
2 A. M. Turing, "On cOlllvutable numbl'rs, with 1111 appliclltion to the
Entscheidungs·problem." Proc. London ~Iath. Society (2), ·12 (1936·7),
2,30.265; with a correction Ibid. 43 (1947),544·546.
3 Two articles in the October 1961 issue of the Journal of the Asso·
ciation for Computing Machbery, Vol. 8, No.4: Michael Arbit, "Turing
Maehines, Finite Automata and Neural Nets"; ,shigel'u Watanabee,
"S·Symbol, 8·State and S·Symbol, 6·State Universal Turing Machines."
4 Storing a number in the program register could be a possi~le
method of indexing, illustrated by the following:
World Cycle 1: Contents of the location, addressed by the location
counter, i~ added to the program register.
'Vorld Cycle 2: a. Address registers and operation registers are set up;
b. Program register is set to zero;
c. Location counter is stepped by one.
World ,Cycle 3: The operation as set up is performed. (Note that if
a number is loaded into the program register as a result of the
currently specified operation, the next operation is indexed.)
World Cycle 4:' Repeat cycle I, thus continuing the specific program.
COMPUTER CROSS STRATEGY
INFORMATION
HANDLING:
FIRST PRINCIPLES
BY PAUL W. HOWERTON
Chapter I
Information System Theory as the
of Practical Design
Foundation
Chapter II
File Organization: Principles and Practices for
Processing and Maintaining the Collection
Chapter III
Indexing in Depth:
Practical parameters
Chapter IV
Optimizing Information Searches
Chapter V
Feedback from the User: Sine qua non
Chapter VI
The Role of the Information System Executive
Chapter VII
Organization for a Science Information Service
Chapter VIII
Selection and Training of Information
Personnel
Center
Chapter IX
Criteria
tion
for Total Information
System
Evalua-
Cloth bound, illustrated, 192 pages, $6.00
nol itt ..,1
all 01/',.,.
hoot 011
programmillg compul"I'J, hul 1/'"
fil'Jl clear accounl
0/ how
lhe
/aJleJl, mOJl power/ul ''..JJiljhofevel ofanfjuafjeJ" work; how
Ihey are uJed, and how Ihe
reader can creale Ihem
/01'
hiJ
own compuler.
MACHINE-INDEPENDENT
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
By Maurice H. Halstead,
Naval Electronics Laboratory
Since Its publication only months ago, this book
has served as the basis from which Neliac compilers have been developed for several new com.
puters by independent groups throughout the
country.
CONTENTS INCLUDE:
Introduction to Machine.lndependent Computer
Programming; How to Read Neliae or Algol; Publication Algol; How to Writo in the Languaga:
Input·Output, Program tasting or Debugging; Dasle
Concepts of Solf·Compllers; Load Programs; Pro.
ccuinn Noun Lists; Co·No Tobl(,,; GIlncrators;
Compillno Compilers and Complier Systoms; Input.
Output; Decompilin\) with D·Naliac.
Cloth bound, Illustrated, 288 pages, $6.50
It's a special NORAD caffeebreak routine
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
13
"Why we chose the NCR 390 Computer."
SOULE STEEL COMPANY
A major manufacturer and erector of steel and reinforced concrete structures. Headquarters, San Francisco.
"In our opinion 'experience is a good
teacher.' This may be an old cliche but
we feel it is a good one. We have used
NCR Accounting Machines for years. We
have always found the equipment to equal
or better the standards specified by NCR
representatives. Our experience with the
NCR 390 is no exception.
"Two major factors dominated our
thinking and planning for the 390: ONE:
We were able to modify existing equipment and utilize it to provide input for the
computer. We are able to continue processing daily transactions and as a byproduct provide punched paper tape for
high-speed processing of volume distribution data into summary form. This enables
us to speed closing of cost records and
provide management with faster reports.
"TWO: The NCR 390 utilizes a record
that can be processed electronically and
at the same time furnishes a historical
record for reference. We like records that
can be readily referred to for cost informa-
tion and other data necessary in estimating
and bidding on contracts.
"We now consolidate accounting work
that was previously done in the field and
other branch locations. We feel the NCR
390 is a practical, low-cost answer to our
data processing needs."
NCR PROVIDES TOTAL SYSTEMS-FROM ORIGINAL ENTRY TO FINAL REPORTTHROUGH ACCOUNTING MACHINES, CASH REGISTERS OR ADDING MACHINES. AND DATA PROCESSING
The National Cash Register Co. ·1,133 offices in 151 countries ·79 years of helping business save money
14
Edward Lee Soule, Jr., President
Soule Steel Company
INlclRI
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
"to catch a thief":
the automatic retrieval of relevant
crime reports
Document
C~~
Cit; Date Number
Mo
ndex
~ Cd~
~ D'l
.. ",
=00 -0 000
o -~ !o -;
~
ct Fact Fact Fact Fact "Facl! Fact Fact Fact Fact
3
4
10
2
5
8
9
6
7
dm
TCd ~ Cd i?A
TCd ~
TCd W
T Cd ~
TCd
~ Cd m
T Cd ~Cd ~
T
Fi
Y/:!J
0000 00000 00000 00000 00000
000 0
.~~ 00000
III USN ~~ ~
IU "S" III:,
I " a....
"I "'" ~, ~,~I!. ., .... "
11111 1111 1111111 1111111111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 III I : :
",
UJ 1.11 If'
0000000000 0001 01 DOl!
,J",,,u.nlUtl$, "'''lU
Ut •• S051
151.NI"
0
.J 22
2 2n 22
2 2 22222"2222 2 22 2 22 2 2211 2222 22222 22222 22222 2222222 22 2222 222
]0
l
3 3 333333333
«:1 44
4 444
.JH
5 555
~61
6 666
66
<1117
1 117
I
III
~
-s::
:~
19IJ"I
333
33
3333
3 33
3 33
33333 3333333
3333 333 33333
3 33
3333 33l
l ie>
8 18 8 8
44
4 4 444444444
5 5 5 555555H5
BIll 8 8
4 4444
5 55
44 4
5 55
441
44444 44444 4 44 44 444
4 44
6 6 66666 6 6 6 6 666 BG 6 66 6 66 666 BG 6666666 6666 666 66666
I
I
171717177 1717
81 1 81 . . a18 8 8 88 81
U9999 9999991 9 911 998999999[ 9999
4 44
44 4 4
44 4 ~
5 55 5 55 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 555 5
C>
~
&:
6 6666 666 6666
1 17 1 17 1117 117 11 11111 11111 11111 ill11 11111 11 J J
8 888 811 88
18
aa8 88888 88 ;J88 88888 88818 38888 88888 8888
9 999 99991 99999 99999
I I ) t I ' ~!: ~ III III 111 UIIIIJlIIUnJt"li 21111,.' Jl
_
"mE JlE .... 4'. "'I:
In the past year Computers and
Automation has reported how the
computer is assisting the traffic
cop, the tax collector and the health
official. This report spotlights an
interesting new public servico application--the establishment of crime
patterns, and the identification of
the criminal.
One of the most fascinating and
complex areas of information retrieval can be found in the -law enforcement field-fascinating because of the manifold techniques
employed in criminal detection, and
complex because of the variety of
indices by wtich a given file may
be searched.
This article deals with one of the
retrieval problems faced by all law
enforcement agencies, from the local police department to the Federal Bureau of Investigation: Specifically, it involves the coding,
filing, and retrieval of crime reports using the long established
correlation techniques of Modus
Thomas H. Giske
Associate Systems Engineer
IBM Data Processing Division
Sacramento, California
' 11:
'
"5051
~ ~ 9 9999 99999 9999
9,~ ~!! 99999 9,"9 :."
" ''' ill''''
liot .611'1
111. " U
Operandi. Assumptions and conclusions contained herein are based
upon direct contact with the California Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation. Their
cooperation and encouragement,
especially that of Everett Chamberlin, who is the Bureau's Assistant
Supervisory M. O. Analyst, is
deeply Rlppreciated.
Modus Operandi
Modus Operandi, which may be
referred to as simply M. 0., can be
defined as the development of a
pattern of behavior according to
which a crime is committed. M. O.
factors are those specific criminal
actions whose presence, absence
and relation to one another make
up that pattern. M. O. procedures
enCDmpass the searching of files
containing many such patterns in
order to retrieve crimes whose patterns correlate to a given pattern.
The objective of an M. O. search
may be: to establish a list of suspects for an unsolved crime; to determine a series of crimes which
may have been committed by an
individual arrested for one particular crime; or to determine a
series of unsolved crimes which appear to have been commi tted by the
same unknown criminal, thus offering further insight into the investigation of those crimes.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
Through the years, M. O. operations have resulted in considerable
insight into criminal behavior,
which is essentially controlled by
factors common to all human action. As an example, before a
crime takes place there must first
be an opportunity to commit it.
This may be accidental, in that
exis. ting circumstances may offer
the temptation for an immediate
criminal act, or it may be created
by a careful attempt to predetermine such factors as place and
time in order to reduce the -risk of
discovery.
Obviously, the crime committed
on the spur of the moment as a result of accidental opportunity is less
apt to be attempted again in a
similar pattern, than the crime
committed as a result of created
opportunity. Other psychological
faciors such as desire, motive, intent, need, knowledge, habit, and
penwnality of the criminal are of
comdderable import to the analys'is
of a given crime and the pattern
associated with that crime.
A definitive pattern to a given
crime cannot be derived merely on
the basis of the absence or presence
of specified actions which occurred
during the completion of that
crime; in other words, psychological factors must also be taken into
account. Such factors may in them-
15
selves classify a given crime as unsuitable for M. O. analysis; for
example, the crime committed as a
result of accidental opportunity is
unlikely to develop a pattern which
can be correlated against other
crimes.
The behavior of a criminal during the completion of a crime will
most likely indicate an order to the
factors which make up the pattern
of that crime; that is, factors will
be of unequal importance in the
successful completion of a given
crime. Consideration of these facts
much be made during analysis of a
given crime. Since the success of
Modus Operandi techniques depends upon such an analysis, any
attempt to automate M. O. should
utilize the insight of the experienced crime analyst. Attempts to
simplify Modus Operandi by reducing it to a completely objective
state are direct contradictions to
criminal behavior itself, which is
subjective in nature.
Objectives of an Automated
M. O. Procedure
Granting the need and value of
the M. O. analyst, the basic problem
is evident: How can computer techniques be employed to facilitate the
work of the analyst?
Historically, M. O. procedures involved the following:
1. The establishment of a
master file containing the M. O.
characteristics of known criminals, usually indexed by type of
crime (homicide, rape, robbery,
aggravated ass a u I t, burglary,
larceny, etc.) and maintained as
a file drawer. Data concerning
,new criminals was added to the
fi'le as it became known.
2. The master file was available to department investigators
as a source for obtaining suspects
for unsolved crimes as they occurred.
Th~ majority of M.O. files have
become RO voluminous that it is
both impractical and unprofitable
to search them manually. Punched
card approaches have therefore
been adopted and have helped to
reduce search time, but important
limitations remain. Any computer
approach must eliminate, or at
least reduce, these limitations. Thus
the technique about to be described
has the following objectives:
1. To establish an indexing
scheme to the master file such
that data contained in it can be
easily retrieved on a selective
basis during a single pass of the
master file.
16
2. To design the master file in
such a way that it may be easily
maintained; that is, we must include the ability to make additions, deletions, and changes to
data already contained in the file.
3. To include the ability to
batch inquiries against the file;
that is, make multiple inquiries
during one pass of the master
file.
4. To incorporate the analyst's
experience into the search itself;
that is, accomplish more than
merely checking for the absence
or presence of specified M. O.
factors.
5. To produce an output from
the search easily interpreted by
the analyst, in a format which
will facilitarte his final analysis.
Organization of Master File
Two types of information may be
stored in an M. O. file-information about a known criminal and
information about an unsolved
crime. It is arpparent that a complete physical description of the
criminal could be included with the
first, but not necessadly with the
second. This is of extreme significance when one begins to apply
varying degrees of emphasis to the
type of information. If a description of the individual committing a
crime is known, then it becomes
the object of greatest emphasis
when searching for a possible suspect. If a description is not known,
then the M. O. factors themselves
become the object of greatest
emphas-is.
Experience has shown that this
approach is not necessarily the best,
especially as it applies to Modus
Operandi searches. For the following reasons the author has chosen
to emphasize, regardless of the
type of information, the crime
being committed rather than the
criminal committing the crime:
1. Modus Operandi techniques
were devised and have proven
successful as a method of correlating crimes where the description of the criminal is unknown.
2. If his description is known,
other more complete files are
available for the determination
of suspects.
3. Descriptions, as given by
victims and witnesses, usually
vary greatly from the reality;
therefore, the use of such data
for machine searching is limited.
4. The pattern by which a
crime is committed can very
often be determined, regardless
of the presence of victims or
witnesses.
Therefore, it is recommended
that M. O. files be crime-oriented
rather than criminal-oriented.
All crimes where sufficient information is known for M. O. correlation will be entered into the
file as separate records. It is assumed here that the original source
will be a descriptive crime report
submitted to the M. O. analyst for
analysis and coding by a law enforcement officer or agency. Such
a document must contain an identifying number which will be entered
into the master file as a reference,
so that the original document may
be retrieved if necessary.
When 'a given crime is solved, the
name of the criminal and his description will be added to the record
of that crime containe<:t'"in the file,
and will, therefore be available
when that crime is retrieved. With
no attempt made to consolidate
multiple crimes committed by the
same individual into one file record,
the individuality of all crimes is
maintained. This is important, because all inquiries against the file
are indi vid ual crimes whose patterns of M. O. factors are best correlated against other individual
crimes.
It is realized at this point that
such a file will necessarily be larger
than one containing consolidated
information by criminal. However,
the increased speeds by which computers operate are sufficient to
handle such files, especially if contained on compact storage media
such 'as magnetic tape or random
access discs.
It is further recommended that
the master file be subdivided by
type of crime-homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary,
larceny, etc. It is much easier to
classify crimes on such a basis than
criminals, and it should now be
apparent that multiple crimes committed by the same criminal may be
located in different subdivisions of
the master file. Inquiries will be
made against only that portion of
the master file which is appropriate (burglaries against burglaries,
etc.) .
A master file of crimes, subdivided by type of crime, will have
each crime stored with an identifying number of the original document by which the crime was reported, the M. O. pattern (in coded
form) by which the crime was committed, and the name and description of the criminal committing the
crime, if known.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
BURGLARY MODUS OPERANDI
-- CODING SHEET (IN PART)
Crime No. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Map
Area~
DATE~
_______________
____________________________________
Country-City__________________________________
Offense_______________________________________
TIME OF ATTACK
38-1 Sunrise to sunset (daylight)
38-2 Sunset to midnight (evening)
38-3 Midnight to sunrise (early AW
38-4 Funer al
38-5 Vacation
38-6 Holiday
38-7 Weekend
38-12 Series Burglar (5 or more)
OBJECT OF ATTACK
39-0 Ammunition
39-1 Animals
39-2 Auto Accessories
39-3 Auto Parts
39-4 Barber & Beauty Supplies
39-5 Binoculars
39-6 Boats
39-7 Books
39-8 Building Material
39-9 Cameras
39-11 Canvas
39-12 Cash Registers
43-12 Blank checks or money orders
PERSON ATTACKED
44-6 Jewelry Salesman
PROPERTY ATTACKED
100-A
45-0 Airplanes
45-1 Ambulance
45-2 Armored Car
45-3 Auto
45-4 Boat
45-11 Church
45-12 School
46-3
46-4
46-5
100-C
Brewery. Distillery. Winery.
Food processing, bakery. cannery. frozen food, meat plant
Machine shop or foundry
Manufacturing plant
100-0
Aircraft Hanger
Auto Accessories & Parts
Auto Wash
47-1
47-2
47-3
47-4
47-5
100-E
Distributor (beer. food. etcJ
Freight lines
Misc. sheds or storehouses
Produce sheds
Tool sheds
46-0
46-1
46-2
47-7 Cafe
47-8 Hot Dog or Food Stands
NOTE:
47-9 Ice Cream Stands
47-11 Night Club
47-12 Tavern
100-G
48-0 Boarding or Rooming House
48-1 Dormitory
48-2 Fraternity or Sorority
48-3 Hospital or Sanitarium
48-4 Hotel
lOO-H
48-9 Apartment-orJflat
100-S
57-3 Building Supplies (Lumber.
roofing. etc.)
57-4 Construction Co.
100-X
57-5 Government Reservations
57-6 National Guard Armories
100-Z
57-0 Unclassif~
ENTRY
57-9 Attic or Ceiling
57-11 Conccalment
57-12 Door Front
50-9 Adjaccnt Building
58-11 Transom
HOW ATTACKED
58-12 Bores Holes
59-0 Breaks Glass
59-1 Cuts Glass
59-2 Attacks moulding (cuts. pries.
removes. etc.)
MEANS
60-8 Axe. Hatc~r Hammer
60-9 Bodily Force
62-2 Rope. Garden Hose. Cable.
Wire. etc.
TRADEMARK
62-4 Alarm Conscious. disconnects
or bypasses
62-5 Alibi
62-6 Assaults Victim
62-7 Ate or Drank on Premises
62-0 Barefoot
65-1 Exit prepared
65-2 Suspect wounded or injured
VEHICLE USED
65-4 License seen
65-5 Rents Car
65-6 Stolen Auto taken before or
after burglary
This is a partial listing of the code sheet. For a copy of the
full coding sheet. please write to the author.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
Coding of M. O. Factors
Within each subdivision of the
master file, there is a definite number of possible M. O. factors. These
have been developed through e~peri
ence; no attempt is made here to
justify those presently being used
or to establish a list which should
be used. The only assumptions
made by the author are that the
number of possible M. O. factors
for a given type of crime will be
less than 1,000 and, in fact, should
be less than 400; and each type of
crime (subdivision of the master
file) will have its own set of possible M. O. factors. Therefore, a
three-digit code is sufficient to define each possible M. O. factor.
In most punched-card procedures
the column binary techniques is
employed; that is, each hole punched
in 'a card refers to a specific M. O.
factor. (Several holes may be
punched in one column.) Each hole
punched indicates tthe presence of
that par,ticular M. O. factor durinag
the completion of a given crime.
In a computer approach it would
be of significant value if, in addition to the indication of the presence or absence of a particular
M. O. factor, the importance of
each factor to the successful completion of a given crime could also
be indicated. Therefore, a weighting Heheme waH deviHcd in order to
es,tublh;h both an order of importance to factors within a crime, and
a level of importance as compared
to an absolute scale.
Thus, each coded factor would be
tagged with a weight. Arbitrarily,
the range of weights was chosen to
vary from zero to fifteen. A zero
weight indicates that the M. O.
code to which it is tagged must not
appear ina correl'ated crime; a
weight of fifteen indicates that the
M. O. code to which it is tagged
must appear in a correlated crime;
and a weight from one through
fourteen indicates the relative importance of the M. O. code to
which it is tagged.
In order to incorporate this approach, the column binary technique must be discarded, as no
method iH evident for applying
weights to single holes in a card.
However, no change in the coding
itself is necessary, for the eard
column and digit within that column (as previously employed) can
be combined to form a three-digit
code for computer use. Any threedigit coding scheme is sufficient.
Thus, five digits are necessary to
define completely any given M. O.
factor; three for the coded fador
17
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::::::::
(illust. approx.
112 actual size)
.......... ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
The ideal solution to your readout indicator problem:
lated crimes on a selective basis.
That is, the crime contained in the
master file which best matches the
inquiry can be retrieved first, the
second best second, etc.
I admit that some subjectivity
is necessarily a product of any
weigh ting scheme. I further realize
that the same factor in the same
crime may not be given the same
wei~htby two independent analysts, or even by the same analyst
on two different occasions. It is
important to note, however, that
these two facts in no way jeopardize the results of a computer M. O.
search. The correlation required to
match two crimes is determined by
the presence or absence of the
coded M. O. factors independent of
the attached weights; the weights
only offer a degree of correlation
which determines the selective
basis upon which crimes are retrieved from the master file.
In any M. O. procedure, whether
manual or automated, this selectivity is performed, usually by the
analyst himself. Thus, the analyst
is employing the computer to perform this selectivity.
MULTIPLE
INDICATORS
in a compact "package" - ready
to install in a minimum of space!
nfn
·
d
. I nee d's, a
D eSlgne
to ·
meet your speCla
~r
~~~;Ig;~1~ii:~:f4~~~ ~I
\~
the panel or strip to order; punch the requi red holes and mount the DIALCO
Cartridge Holders. We furnish the
Lamp Cartridges with lenses hotstamped or engraved with legends. The
Cartridge Holders accommodate
DIALCO'S own Neon or Incandescent
Lamp Cartridges which are available
;:::a:~~~~~:;~'aa~:o:~:=f ~'c~~~,~Ylin-
Data Matrix No. DM-7S38-40
A DATA MATRIX or STRIP contributes
to improved design, reduced bulk, economy, and ease of maintenance in computers' data processing equipment,
automation, and miniaturization.
Write for a-page Datalite Brochure L-160C.
(3~
.
~.
.k
(~
(6U~
!(8~)5
'~1
~J
~r5
~j
Data Strip
No. DSV-7S38-10
Indexing to the Master File
Included in any information retrieval system is the problem of
determining a method of indexing
to the desired area of the file from
which data 'is to be retrieved. The
three objectives previously stated
are critically affected by whatever
indexing technique is employed.
With this in mind, the following
technique is recommended:
1. Sequence the master file in
numerical ascending order by
M. O. factor code. Each crime
added to the file will be inserted
in its proper place.
60 STEWART AVE., BROOKLYN 37, N.Y. • Area Code 212, HYacinth 7-7600
and two for the attached weight.
For example: (code) 64-3, (weig'lht)
14. This indicates that the fac!
that the criminal "rented the adjacent room" (code) was of "extreme importance" (weight) to the
completion of this crime.
The analyst now has a greater
degree of flexibility, which he can
incorporate into his coded description of a given crime. He can indicate specifically which factors are
most likely to recur in another
crime committed by the same individual. At the same time he can
indicate factors which could not
possibly be a part of a crime pattern pertaining to that individual.
The most significant value of such
an approach is achieved by the computer itself. Through a mathematical analysis of the weights which
are attached to matching factors,
the computer can retrieve corre-
SAMPLE OUTPUT FOR MODUS OPERANDI CORRELA TIONS
MODUS OPERANDI CORRELATION
INQUIRY
MATCH til
MATCH 112
MATCH N3
MATCH .4
MATCH #5
MATCH #6
MATCH #7
MATCH #8
MATCH M9
A-15216
62-442-344441781
A-75216
62-461148 747097
REPORT #8 62-450727 51695
P
4 670 P 1 411 P 7411 C 3 637 P
7 411 P 7 019 P 3 631 P 1 411
1
05-03-62 04-07-62 05-03-62 05-02-62 04-30-62 03-25-62 03-22-62 04-01-62 05-01-62
40-0
60-5
54-6
59-0
58-1
59--
18
13
11
10
08
01
06
40-0
54-6
58-1
60-5
59-0
12
12
12
12
10
40-0
54-6
58-1
59-0
13
12
08
08
40-0
54-6
51-f.
59-0
15
14
11
10
64-5
40-0
54-6
64-38-1
58-1
60-8
63-6
15
14
14
10
09
09
08
05
40-0
54-6
38-7
58-7
61-5
41-1
14
13
09
08
08
07
54-6
40-0
59-0
61-9
14
13
11
09
40-0
46-2
57-f.
58-1
59-0
10
08
08
08
08
54-6
40-0
57-&
59-0
61-5
13
10
08
08
08
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
2. The M. O. factors which
collectively make up the pattern
for a given crime have been
ordered by their res pee t i v e
weights. The factor defined as
the most important will be selected as the index to the file for
all inquiries. This most important factor will hereafter be
referred to as the M. O. index
code.
3. It is now assumed that, in
order for a crime contained in
the master file to correlate with
an inquiry, the M. O. factor defined as the most important to
the inquiry must be found in the
master file crime as either first,
second, third or fourth most important. (This assumption has
proven valid for all studies thus
far undertaken.) Each crime contained in the master file will,
therefore, be filed in four different locations-most important
M. O. factor, second most important, third most important,
fourth most important.
Therefore, within each M. O.
code classification of the master
file, the file will contain, in order,
all crimes where that particular
M. O. factor was most important
first, second most important second,
third most important third, and
fourth most important last. Consider the following example:
Crime A CrimeB Crime C CrimeD Crime
Factor
Wt.
41·7
64·8
62·7
61·5
58·7
60·2
54·1
13
12
11
10
08
06
02
Factor
Wt.
47·5
57·9
59·6
41·7
38·3
64·8
61-5
65·7
14
14
13
10
08
08
05
02
Fa,ctor
Wt.
47·8
56·1
41-7
61·5
62·7
64-8
10
10
09
06
05
05
Factor
Wt.
47·6
41-7
58-7
64·8
59-3
38-2
38-3
60-9
14
12
12
12
11
10
10
05
}.\
Computing and Data Processing Newsletter
t't'Across the Editor's Desk"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
New Applications
New Contracts.
New Installations
Organization News .
People of Note.
. 31
.32
.33
.35
. 35
NEW
Computing Centers
New Products
Automation.
Business News
Monthly Computer Census
. 36
. 37
.42
.43
.44
APPLICATIONS
20 MILLION BITS PER SECOND OVER 40-MILE LINK
Computer data has been flashed
at 20 million bits of information
a second (33 million words per
minute) over a 40-mile experimental high-quality television link
between Yorktown Heights and I/arriman, New York, by IBM Corp. engineers. This is equivale~t to
transmitting more than 1,500,OUU
words in a typical encyclopedia
volume in just three seconds.
Ur. Emil Hopner, computer
communications manager of IBM
Advanced Systems Development
Division, is shown above with
the experimental system. The
system uses a binary feedback
technique, and simple and
flexible signal detection
equipment. Modulation of
computer signals for transmission is not required.
Most" long-distance" communication of data in business systems
today is by common carrier Lele-
graph (up to 75 bits per second)
and telephone lines (up to 2400
bits per second). Dr. Hopner said
the TV channel offers possibilities
for higher speed computer communications not only because it is far
broader in bandwidth than the
telephone line, but ;llso because
it is designed for transmission of
pulses that are similar to the
binary signals of computer language.
For this reason, simple equipment
can be used to translate signals
between computers and television
channels.
The speed of data communication over voice lines has been
limi ted up to now by '~delay" di stortion affecting computer signals
but not noticeable to the human
ear, and the great variety of
lines. A solution to this problem
has also been demonstrated by another IBM system operating at the
highest rate of transmission reported to date over telephone
lines. In this test, data was
transmitted over an experimental
high quality telephone channel at
8000 bits per second between the
IBM laboratory in Yorktown Heights
and the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company station at Harriman, New York. The system,
shown in the picture at the upper
right, being operated by IBM Engineer Il.L. Funk, makes high transmission speeds possible by compensat-:ing for telephone line distortion.
Sample signals are sent over the
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
line at the beginning of transmission so that the transmitter can
produce a pre-distorted w;lve form
automa tically, which cornpens:1 tes for
the phase and amplitude distortion
of the line. In addition to the
automatic compensation for line
distortion, higher transmission
rates are obtained by the use of
a simple vestigial sideband phase
modulation system which almost
douhles the capacity of the voice
chanlwl. Further increases in
transmission rate are made possibIl! hy carryinu the information
in both polarity (positive or
negative to ground) and amplitude
(two possible values) of the
data signal.
31
COMPUTER WILL "WRITE" DATA
INTO NAVY "ORBITING ALMANAC"
A satellite navigational system (which will be operational in
the near future) is expected to
make navigation many times more
accurate than it now is using conventional equipment. Earth satellites traveling in precisely known
orbits are used in conjunction
with radio equipment and highspeed electronic computers to calculate a ship's exact position to
an accuracy of a few hundred feet.
A TIUV-l:30 (AN/UYK-l) digital
computer has been de livered to
the Navy at Point Mugu, Calif., by
the RW Division of Thompson Ramo
Wooldridge Inc. The computer will
automatically "write" almanac-type
data into the memories of orbiting
Navy navigational satellites as
they pas~ over Point Mugu. The
satellites, continuing in their
polar orbits, will transmit the
data to specially equipped ships
at sea for use in locating their
positions on the globe.
In the system, four tracking
stations in the United States
will continuously monitor the
changing orbital paths of the
satellites and feed this information into a computing center at
Point Mugu. A large digital computer at the center will calculate the present orbit of each
satellite and predict exactly
where it will be during the next
twenty-four hours. This information will then be given to the
smaller TRW-130 computers for
later transmission to the satellites via a 60-foot antenna 10catect on Laguna Peak. After receiving the information from the
larger computer, the TRW-130 makes
the necessary format conversions
and codings, locks onto the ~atel
lite signal, and then clocks out
the latest orbital information.
The computer operates so fast that
there is time during one pass of
the satellite to ask it to repeat
what it was just told. in order to
be sure that no errors were made.
If any errors are detected, it is
possible to transmit a complete
set of data as many as three
times during the few minutes a
satellite is within range of the
transmitting equipment.
As the globe rotates on its
axis, every point on it will be
underneath a satellite at least
once every two hours. A ship at
sea can "sight" these satellites
with radio equipment (a doppler
radio system) and the Unavigator"
(a ship-borne computer) on the
32
ship calculates the ship's exact
position from the data stored in
the satellite memories.
use in the TITAN II program will
play a key role in insuring success when the TITAN II is used to
boost a team of Project GEMINI
astronauts into a low earth orbit.
DETECTING FAILURES
BEFORE THEY HAPPEN IN THE TITAN
At Martin Company's Denver
Division in Colorado, a computerarmed "detective" squad is a key
factor in the successful flight
testing program of the Air ForceMartin TITAN ICBM. Martin-Denver
systems engineers and a group of
failure-reporting experts have
compiled a 200-mile-long paper
history of the TITAN. During the
past five years more than two
million punched cards have been
used to create a case history on
every part in every missile built
at Martin-Denver. These cards
have been converted onto several
small reels of magnetic tape for
quick computer reference.
Once a month, the manager of
systems engineering, J. L. Burridg~
receives a book prepared by the
IBM 7090 which shows the performance of the TITAN over an eightmonth period. The performance
curve drawn by the computer indicates potential trouble areas.
The staff of engineers then is
able to correct or redesign a
part which has started to drop in
reliability. Recognizing trouble
before it happens prevents failures in flight. The term "failure"
doesn't necessarily mean that the
missile failed to attain its flight
objectives. It might just be a
loose wire, a plugged hole or a
minor drop in voltage recorded by
radio signals as the missile flew
to its target as planned.
When a failure occurs, Martin
scientists and engineers calion
their IBM computer to sift millions
of clues to pinpoint the cause.
Once this has been established,
the 7090 looks into the history of
every past missile to see if
there's a pattern of failure. If
so, the computer alerts the engineering staff and corrections are
made. Trouble areas have been
traced from such things as a loose
wire on a diode, up to problems
requiring changes in manufacturing
ptocesses of a missile part in a
factory thousands of miles away.
The IBM 7090 spends twelve
hours a month keeping the TITAN
history up to date and preparing
the monthly engineering parts profile. It would take the working
lifetimes of seven men to prepare
just one of these reports. The
computer reporting system now in
NEW
CONTRACTS
I
MACHINE TOOL MODIFICA TION
WITH NUMERICAL CONTROL
Thompson Ramo Wooldridge will
undertake a $178,000 machine tool
modification program for LockheedGeorgia Company as part of the
modernization of equipment in the
U.S. Air Force. The TRW order
will be handled by the Michigan
City, Indiana, plant of TRW and
consists of: l) three TRW-3000
all-solid state numerical control
systems to replace existing controls on three Cincinnati profile
milling machines; 2) modific3tion of the machine tools themselves to accommodate the TRW-3000
numerical control systems; and
3) extensive equipment testing.
-- Three numerical control systems for machine tools - the
major part of a $178,000 order
from Lockheed-Georgia Company
- are shown here in various
stages of assembly at the
Thompson Ramo Wooldridge plant
in Michigan City, Indiana.
Lockheed-Georgia will use the
newly equipped machine tools
(scheduled to be ready in the
fall) in production of Air Force
aircraft such as the prop-jet
C-130 Hercules, the C-140 Jetstar,
and the new Turbofan C-141 Starlifter.
DATATROL AWARDED $78, 000
Datatrol Corporation has been
awarded a $78,000 contract by the
National Science Foundation. The
firm will compile a dictionary of
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1%3
equivalents for the indexing vocabularies of three major federal
scientific and technical information centers: the Atomic Energy
Commission; the Defense Department's Armed Services Technical
Information Agency; and the National Aeronautics and Space Agenc~
Accompanying each term from one
agency in the indexing vocabulary
will be the closest indexing
equivalent used by the other two
agencies.
The new dictionary will make
it easier for the nation's research and development community
to exchange needed information.
GENERAL PRECISION RECEIVES
CONTRACT FOR COMPUTERS
FOR GEMINI TRAINERS
Link Division, Simulation &
Control Group, General Precision,
Inc., Binghamton, N.Y., is the recipient of a letter contract for
more than one million dollars from
McDonnell Aircraft Corporation for
two computers to be used on two
Gemini space-mission trainers.
The trainers are being built to
train astronauts for two-man orbital flights. The contract also
calls for the development of computer programs which will accurately and completely simulate the
various phases of space flight.
The specially designed Link ~~rk
I Digital Computers will provide
real-time simulation computations
for all phases of a normal mission.
DUKE POWER COMPANY
ORDERS G. E. COMPUTER SYSTEM
•
Dllke Power Company , Charlotte,
North Carolina, has purchased a
GE 412M computer system and associated control equipment from
General Electric. Installation
will he made at Plant "Marshall",
now under construction near
Charlotte .
Two 35-mw turbine-generators
will go on-line at the new plant
in 1~65. The system represents
the first computer application for
startup and shutdown of two turbines with sequence monitoring of
boiler and auxiliaries in a coalfired plant.
l\lULTIMILLION CONTRACT TO
ELECTHO-MECHANICAL RESEARCH
The National Aeronautics and
Space Administration has announced
the ilward of a $7,376,379 contract
to Electro-Mechanical Research,
Inc., Sarasota, Fla., for the manufacture, test, and installation
of telemetry PCM ground stations
for the NASA World Wide Range.
The EMR Sarasota Products Division will supply ground data processing stations to be installed
at NASA manned spacecraft tracking stations throughout the world.
Each of the stations to be supplied consists of 15 racks of
electronics designed specifically
to acquire PCM telemetry signals
rapidly, and to convert the signals into various forms suitable
for transmission, display, and
further computation.
In addition to system design
and installation, EMR will perform site surveys at each of the
NASA world wide range stations;
will conduct training courses for
NASA personnel; and will provide
technical assistance in running
simulated missions to familiarize
NASA personnel with the operation
of the new universal PCM ground
stations.
TWO RCA 301 COMPUTERS LEASED
BY OHIO UNEMPLOYMENT
COMPENSATION BUREAU
The Ohio Bureau of Unemployment Compensation, Columhus, Ohio,
has signed a contract for the
leasing of two RCA :HH ED!' syst(!IIlS
to speed up the handling of claims
and printing of checks and expand
the Bureau's research and reporting services. The RCA 301 systems
have been specially tailored to
meet the Bureau's precisely defined needs for computer equipment. A training program has
been started for the selected
bureau personnel who will operate
the system after it is installed
next JUly.
.NEW
FIRST BANK COMPUTER IN ALASKA
The First National Bank of
Anchorage has Alaska's first
bank computer in operation -a Burroughs Corporation B251
which is being used initially for
demand deposit accounting. The
Alaskan bank, which doubled its
deposits between 1952 and 1962,
has been involved in a concentrated MICR encoding program for
nearly a year. It maintains a
correspondent relationship with
23 other banks and operates 11
branch offices in Alaska.
ESQUIRE ORDERS
NEW ELECTRONIC COMPUTEH
Es qui f(! ,In G., New Yo 1'1(, N. Y. ,
will use a UNIVAC 111 this year
to speed copies of HI national
publications to the homes of subscribers. Esquire's Data Processing Center is used by fifteen
national magazines (including
Popular Science, Vogue, Outdoor
INSTALLATIONS
COMPUTER WILL BE INSTALLED
FOR HIGH SCHOOL EDP EDUCA TION
Des Moines Technical High
School, Des Moines, Iowa, will
have a Burroughs Corp. B260 for
use in a comprehensive data processing education program for a
high school. The new solid-state
system is scheduled for delivery
next summer. It wi 11 be the
heart of a new course designed
to develop computer operating
personnel from among the city's
5000 high school business
students.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
The data processing curriculum will include courses in computer programming, system development and design, and business
simulation. Training in operation
of keypunch and, tabulating equipment is also included. Students
from the city's four other high
schools may enroll in specified
data processing classes without
transfer. In addition to classroom use, the computer will be
used for school administrative
tasks.
Life, etc.) plus the company's
own publications. The UNIVAC III
will replace three older UNIVAC
computers in use at the Esquire
Center for the past five years.
Delivery of the new system is
scheduled for .July.
BANK EXPANDING EDP EQUIPMENT
The Colonial Bank and Trust
Co., Waterbury, Conn., is planning to install a Burroughs Corp.
B270 system this spring to suc-
ceed the B251 which has been in
operation about a year. With the
B251, Colonial automated its highvolume check collection and redistribution job. The installation of the larger B270 system
means that Colonial will now extend its EDP to include savings
accounts, installment loans,
Christmas and vacation clubs,
Ready Credit, dividend check preparation, trust, check reconciliation and others, as well as check~
ing accounts. The new system will
include a high-capacity, solidstate central processor, an electronic sorter-reader, high-speed
card reader, card punch, four
magnetic-tape transports and a
high-speed, wide-line printer.
COMPUTER WILL MONITOR BOILER
AND TURBO-GENERA TOR SET FOR
BELGIAN POWER STA TION
All Argus 108 Computer has
been ordered by Electrobel (Belgium) for installation in the extension to the Monceau Power Statioll lIear Charleroi of the Societe
Intercommunale Electricite BeIge.
The computer, made by Ferranti
Electric, Inc., will monitor and
compute data to achieve optimum
operation of a Sultzer oncethrough boiler. The computer will
also monitor remaining items of
the plant including an Escher
Wyess 125 MW turbo-generator set.
A new use of the computer is the
direct control of the blade angle
of one of the circulating water
pumps to enable condenser conditions to be maintained at their
optimum.
Another Argus computer from
the Ferranti 100 series is to be
used on-line for the guidance and
control of a new radio telescope
to be installed .at Jodrell Bank
during 1963. It will also log
astronomical data obtained with
the telescope, which will then be
passed by data linK to the Atlas
computer at Manchester University
for interpretation.
WEIZMANN INSTITUTE TO INSTALL
COMPUTER SYSTEM
The Weizmann Institute of
Science in Rehovoth, Israel, has
contracted for the installation
this month, of a Control Data
1604-A and 160-A computer system.
Either computer will command and
control a wide range of peripheral
equipment also to be installed -including twelve new Control Data
606 magnetic tape units, a 1000-
34,
line-a-minute printer, a cardreader and card-punch system, and
additional magnetic core memory
and arithmetic units.
The Control Data 1604-A/160-A
Computer complex is expected to be
useful to most research departments
of the Weizmann Institute.
FIRST TEST UNITS
FOR MOON PROJECT
SHIPPED TO NASA
The Pacific division of The
Bendix Corporation, North Hollywood, Calif., has delivered the
first units of 20 telemetry transmitting systems for use in the
research and development phases of
Project Apollo to the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas. These will
be installed on test models of
the Apollo spacecraft -- designed
to carry astronauts to the moon
and back to earth. The transistorized systems will transmit to
tracking stations on earth more
than 100 individual types of data
concerning environmental conditions, including structural measurements, temperatures and pressures. Bendix engineers described
the system as a pulse amplitude
modulated FM/FM system using 16
subcarrier channels.
FIRST NEW HAVEN NA TIONAL BANK
INSTALLS TWO B270 SYSTEMS
The First New Haven National
Bank, New Haven, Conn., has completed installation of the first
of two Burroughs Corporation 8270
financial data processing systems
for the full range of bookkeeping
and accounting functions. The
remaining units will be installed
by March.
The bank plans initially to
transfer its transit operations
to computer processing. Other applications scheduled for computer
processing include savings, installment loans, payroll and trust
accounting.
The system installed includes
a central processor, two MICR
sorter-readers, two magnetic tape
units, punched card reader, and a
six-tape lister. The second system will include four tape transports, line printer, central processor, two card readers and one
card punch.
WESTINGHOUSE STARTS
COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
TELETYPE NETWORK
Westinghouse Electric Corporation, last month, began operating
what is said to be the world's
first computer-controlled Teletype system. A recently-installed
UNIVAC 490 Real-Time Computing
System has taken over the automatic routing of Teletype messages
from one company location to another. The company has a communications system serving almost 300
locations throughout the United
States. A semi-automatic switching center which was formerly
used, handled about 20,000 messClges a day. Robert C. Cheek,
Director of the Tele-computer
Center, being completed outside
Pittsburgh, predicts a 100 per
cent increase in volume by 1965.
The computer is able to "read"
the message destination by certain
ch~racters at the beginning of the
Teletype. Incoming information is
automatically switched to the
proper location. If the Teletype
lines to that location are in use
when the message comes in, the
computer will store the message
until a line is free. It will
then send the Teletype to the
proper plant or office.
NEW UNIVAC BANK PROC ESSOR
SYSTEM ORDERED BY FEDERAL
RESERVE BANK, SAN FRANCISCO
The Federal Reserve Bank of
San Francisco will replace its two
UNIVAC-NDP Bank Processor System
prototypes with a new UNIVAC Bank
Processor I system. A major improvement in the new system is its
ability to sort finally the San
Francisco bank's documents in
1.7 passes compared to 2.9 passes
in the prototype system. This
makes it possible for the San
Francisco bank to handle its work
load with the one Bank Processor
I instead of two.
Specifically designed for
high-speed processing of the
proof and/or transit operation,
the Bank Processor I is capable
of inproofing, establishing controls for further processing, and
outproofing with cash letter preparation. The system consists of
a Document Sorter, System Controller, and Audit Lister.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
DEERE AND COMPANY INSTALLS
CONTROL DA TA 160-A
The Tractor Engineering Center of Deere and Company, Waterloo,
Iowa, has replaced an electron
tube computer with a solid-state
lbO-A. Installation of this highspeed computer is expected to provide faster service for design
engineers and permit new programs
to be written, tested, and added
to the library. The Control Data
IbO-A will handle problems in
transmission design, camshaft deflections, oil line bending as
well as other engineering and
scientific calculations.
DETROIT BANK INSTALLS COMPUTER
Public Bank, Uetroit, Mich.,
has installed a Burroughs Corp.
B251 EDP system to keep equipment
capacity ahead of its growth. The
Uetroit bank's assets have climbed
from $9 to $65 million in five
years operation. The B251 system
is being assigned to process
checks and records for demand deposit (checking account) customers.
The computer has also been programmed to provide account reconciliation as an additional service
for commercial accounts.
as well as brokerage houses and
other financial institutions.
Programs developed and presently
being used by S.C.I. in the fields
of banking, brokerage accounting,
student grade reporting and scheduling and other computer applications will also be offered.
CUBE ELECTS OFFICERS
The newly merged and expanded
computer users group, Cooperating
Users of Burrough s Equipment (CUBE),
has chosen a slate of officers for
its first year of operation. They
are: President -- Victor Whittie~
Dow Chemical Co., computer specialist; Vice President -- F. E.
Langenfield, Northern Natural Gas
Co., vice president; SecretaryTreasurer -- Richard Frick of
Abbott Laboratories; Dr. Alan
Batson, Univ. of Virginia, and
Irving Werner, Dept. of the Interior, directors; and A. P.
Jensen, Georgia Institute of Technology, editor of quarterly newsletter.
R. E. Menick, Allstate Insurance Company, and Joseph Perrett,
First Pennsylvania Banking and
Trust Company, were elected to
two-year terms as CUBE directors.
CUBE
includes rI~p
of Burrouuhs 20:, and
220 comput(~r users and is open to
present and future users of the
company's B20U und U5000 systems.
1I)(~mh(~rship
resentatjv(~s
OI{(;ANIZATION
NEWS
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTERS, INC.
DUYS COMPUTER CENTER
.,
Scientific Computers, Inc.,
of Minneapolis, Minn. has purchased, for an undisclosed amount
of S.C.I. stock, the computer
center operated by Channing Corporation at 85 Broad Street, New
York, N.Y. Mr. James E. Peterson,
pf(~sident of S.C.I., indicated the
N(~\V York Center would be equipped
initially with an IBM 1401 fourtilpe computer system, a complete
punched card tabulating system,
and programming and systems personnel able to offer services in
the ilpplication of digital computers in the fields of business,
enuineering and scientific data
processing. S.C.I. will also
offer management services in systems analysis and operations
reseilrch.
Acquired with The Channing
Center were personnel and programs
to provide complete service to
maniluers, investment counselors,
ilnd custodians of mutual funds,
SYSTEM SCIENCES
DIVISION FORMED
A separate Systems Sciences
Division has been formed by the
Auerbach Corporation, Philadelphia,
Pa. This new division will provide all the services required in
complex systems work, from system
synthesis and mathematical analysis to the design of all system
logic, hardware, and software.
NCA HAS NEW BANKING CLIENT
Princeton Ba~k and Trust Co.
of Princeton, N.J. has entered
into an agreement with National
Computer Analysts Inc. Princeton,
N.J., to perform its demand deposit accounting at the new NCA
Princeton Datacenter, which is
scheduled to begin operations in
March. Princeton Bank and Trust
becomes the third banking client
of NCA. The new Datacenter will
be equipped with one of the largest of the RCA 301 systems.
COlvlPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
A UERBACH AND BASIC SYSTEMS
ANNOUNCE AGREEMENT
The Auerbach Corporation,
Philadelphia, Pa. and Basic Systems, Inc., New York, N.Y., have
announced an agreement that gives
Uasic Systems full commercial
marketing rights to the Required
COUOL-I961 Self-Teucher. Th is
progrummed instruction text was
developed by the Auerbuch Corporation on the Common Uusiness Oriented Lunguuge for computer
programming.
Basic Systems, Inc., has
offices in Los Angeles, Cambridge,
Mass., and Berkeley, Calif. It
specializes in the design and application of programmed instruction material for industrial and
government training, as well as
academic education.
PEOPLE
OF
NOTE
DIREC TOR OF GENERAL PRECISION
RESEARCH CENTER
Robert A. Dietrich has been
ilppointed director of the Reseurch
Center of General
Pf(~cision' s
newly formeu
Information
Systems Group.
The Reseurch
Center conducts research
and development
programs in
basic and applied areas of
computer and
informationsystems technology. Dietrich was
formerly director of technical
planning for General Precision's
Librascope Division, which is now
a unit of the Information Systems
Group.
RCA EDP APPOINTS R. G. DEE
Hohert G(~orge Dee has been
appointed Manager, Product and
Market Planning, Radio Corporation
of America Electronic Uata Processinu. Mr. Dee will have responsihility for product planning
und prieinu analysis for HCA Electronic Data Processing. Prior to
his appointment, Mr. Uee served
as Munager, Industry Marketing
Operations in the RCA data processing organization.
35
PACKARD BELL ELEC TRONICS
NAMES EXECUTNE VICE PRESIDENT
EXECUTNE VICE PRESIDENT
AT COMPUTER DYNAMICS CORP.
Dr. Wendell B. Sell, group
vice president and member of the
board of directors of Packard
Bell Electronics, has been named
to the newly created post of
executive vice president, according to an announcement by Robert
S. Bell, president.
Computer Dynamics Corp. has
announced the appointment of
John S. MacKay
as Projects
Director of
the Programming
and Applications Division.
In this position, Mr. MacKay
is responsible
for management
and development of complex
government and
industrial data
processing applications on a wide range of computers. He is a specialist in
multi-computer problems requiring
extensive systems analysis and
design planning.
Dr. Sell has directed three
divisions of the company as group
vice president. In his new position he will be the chief operating executive supervising all
line and staff managers of the
company. The position of group
vice president will be eliminated,
Mr. Bell said.
ITT PROMOTES TWO EXECUTIVES
Dr. William M. Duke has been
elevated to general ,manager - defense operations for ITT. In his
new capacity he will serve as
deputy to C. M. Mooney who heads
the U.S. Defense Group. He also
will continue as president of ITT
Federal Laboratories, Nutley,
N.J., a position he has held
since February, 1962.
George A. Banino was appointed executive vice president of
ITT Federal Laboratories. He
also continues as division president of ITT Kellogg Communications Systems, a post he has held
since August, 1962.
R. W. O'KEEFE PROMOTED AT IBM
Robert W. O'Keefe has been
promoted to controller of the
General Products Division of the
IBM Corp.
This division
operates four
plants and
three laboratories for
the company
and is charged
with developing and manufacturing intermediatesized data processing systems,
which include the IBM 1401 and
IBM 1440 ,computers. Mr. O'Keefe
was-formerly manager of financial
planning and controls for the
Data Systems Division of the
company.
36
PERSONNEL APPOINTMENTS
AT data products corporation
W. Edwin Boyette has been
appointed Director of Manufacturing, Midwest Operations, data
products corporation, St. Paul,
Minn. This facility manufactures
the DISCfILE, a mass randomaccess memory.
William F. Winget has been
appointed as Director of Contract~
also Midwest Operations.
1. S. S. NAMES
PAUL MARGOLIN VICE-PRESIDENT,
DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Paul Margolin has been named
to the post of Vice-President of
Digital Systems by Information
Storage Systems. Mr. Margolin
will be directly responsible for
all activities rela.ting to systems analysis, logical design,
circuit design and coordination
of all study, research and development, and corporate-sponsored
programs on digital computer systems. Before joining 1.5.5., he
was Project Engineer at A. B.
DuMont Laboratories.
ment Division, Military Electronic
Computer Division, Military Field
Service Division, Control Instrument, Defense and Space Systems
Marketing, and Contract Administration.
GD/E ANNOUNCES APPOINTMENT
General Dynamics/ElectronicsSan Diego has announced the appointment of O. F. Hamann as design specialist for data products.
In this position, Mr. Hamann will
do advanced product planning and
development for GD/E's high speed
printers, cathode ray tubes, and
various systems and devices which
display and record information
from computers or communications
links. During his seven years
with General Dynamics, he has
held several research and engineering positions and assisted in
the design of the CHARACTRON ®
Shaped Beam Tube and associated
components which are used in the
SAGE air defense system.
NEW GENERAL MANAGER, VP
FOR TELECOMPUTING
Telecomputing Corporation has
named Monson Hayes. Jr., corporate
vice president and general manager
of its Electronic Systems
and Data Instruments Divisions. Mr.
Hayes was manager of the
Computer Division, Ground
Systems Group,
Hughes Aircraft, prior
to his ap_pointment. Mr. Hayes has applied
for 12 patents in the field of
analog and digital computing
techniques and is a senior member
of the Institute of Radio Engineers.
COMPUTING
CENTERS
UCLA COMPUTER "TALKS"
OVER LONG DISTANC E
GROUP EXECUTNE NAMED
Dr. Irven Travis, president
of Burroughs Labs and corporate
vice president, has been named as
group executive of the new Burroughs integrated corporate-wide
Defense and Space Group. The new
group includes Burroughs Labs,
Defense and Space Systems Manage-
An educational computer cenlinking six western schools by
telephone and auxiliary transmission devices, is now operating.
The center's machine is an IBM
7090 in the Western Data Processing Center (WDPC) of the Univ. of
California at Los Angeles. The
te~
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
six institutions that can "talk"
directly with the 7090 in Los
Angeles are: the Air Force Academy (Colorado Springs, Colo.);
Culifornia Institute of Technology; University of California,
Sun Diego; Stanford University,
University of Southern Californi~
and University of Utah (Salt Lake
City). Some of the~e schools have
computers of their own, which can
be linked directly with the 7090
at WOPC.
n"~l
Philadelphia, Pa. The facility
will analyze such problems as
(1) variables in a mathematical
model of a cancer cell, and (2)
the flow of energy through an
animal system from plant to ultimate predators. The medical
community of the Philadelphia
area will have access to the
facility.
The equipment consists of a
desk-sized central computer, four
magnetic tape units, and a large
variety of other equipment to receive, store, and transmit information. The equipment will be
designed and programmed to "talk"
the language of medicine and chemistry, rather than accounting,
insurance, or other fields.
VA RESEARCH SUPPORT CENTER
The Veterans Administration
Hospital at Sepulveda, Calif.,
last month inaugurated a VA Research Support Center, the culmination of a pilot project carried
on at System Development Corp.,
Santa Monica, Calif. Under the
direction of Dr. Reed Boswell, a
VA experimental psychologist. the
new center will help research
workers from universities. industry. and other places working in
the VA Department of Medicine and
Surgery. The center will give
information and assistance in nonmedical aspects of research projects. The help will include experimental design. mathematical
and statistical advice. data hand 1ingand computation. electronic
instrumentation consultation, and
a variety of other specialized
services.
NEW PRODUCTS
-- Arnold Somkin, off-campus
program consultant in UCLA's
Western Data Processing Center, takes final information
before turning on Teleprocessing machine which will receive
data from computer on one of
six other campuses in telephone computer network.
The WOPC at present serves
77 other colleges and universities
in twelve western states by mail,
but plans to expand its telephone
network to a total of a dozen
participants during the year.
WOPC is oriented toward business
research, but the cooperating
schools use the computer network
for teaching and research problems.
The center's IBM teleprocessing
unit is able to record on tape
immediutely a problem received
ov(!r a line, and hold it for
uvailable time on the machine.
Answers ure usually returned within a few hours in contrast to the
several days required by mail.
MEDICAL COMMUNITY
SEHVED BY COMPUTER CENTER
A computer facility adapted
to iI medical school is being built
hy Control Data Corp. of Minneapolis, Minn., in the Johnson Foundat.ion of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Digi tal
, ~c.c.c.c. ~
~.
-
0 c;
.....
-
tc.~c..,
.~ ..
----:---
'-:c., •
UNIVAC ANNOUNC ES
A NEW l\llLITAHY COMPUTER
UNIVAC Oiv. of Sperry Rand Corp.
315 Park Avenue South
New York 10, N.Y.
The UNIVAC 1218 Military Computer. developed by this company,
has an extremely wide range of
military applications. It is a
stored-program. medium-scale.
general-purpose digital computer.
It has an l8-bit-word ferrite-core
memory. a 4 microsecond cycle
time. and a memory capacity of
4000 to 16.000 words. The basic
4096-word memory is expanded by
simply adding memory modules;
electronic or mechanical modifications are not required.
The computer may be used with
a wide variety of on-site or remote standard peripheral devices
or as an independent complete
general-purpose system. Also. it
will operate as a satellite computer with larger systems. to supply off-line processing or associated on-line operations.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
IJNIVAC I:!W computer occupies slightly 1I10re floor
space than u filinU cabinet.
Rapid input and output is
provided with eight input and
eight output channels. Arithmetic
and input-output operations may be
performed on single-length 18-bit
37
words or on double-length 36-bit
words. The channels may be linked
in pairs to provide 36-bit parallel input or output.
Internal high speeds and a
repertoire of 98 instructions permit rapid processing of large
amounts of complex data. An average multiply instruction takes
38 microseconds; an add instruction is executed in 8 microseconds.
The computer includes an extensive software or programming
package consisting of a mnemonic
(abbreviated English) assembler,
floating point arithmetic, table
manipulation, and utility and
debugging routines.
Analog
Memories
Input - Output
MASS DA TA STORAGE
IN NEW COMPUTER SUBSYSTEM
ELEC TRONIC READER OF TYPE
OF MANY FONTS
UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand Corp.
315 Park Avenue South
New York 10, N.Y.
This company has developed an
electronic device for the storage
of large masses of business data,
which can be retrieved by an electronic computer in 92 thousandths
of a second. The device is known
as the UNIVAC 490 Fastrand Mass
Storage Subsystem. These units
have a storage capacity of 64
million characters of information
each. Theoretically, as many as
96 of the units may be used at one
time with the company's UNIVAC 490
Real-Time Computing System.
Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
Applied Research Laboratory
Waltham, Mass.
An electronic multi-font
print "reader", which converts
what it "sees"" into data on
punched cards or tape at the rate
of 700 characters per second, has
been developed by this company.
Speeds up to 20,000 character
conversions per second are feasible, based on principles established during development work
on the current model.
NEW FLIGHT SIMULATOR
Carco Electronics
1180 O'Brien Drive
Menlo Park, Calif.
A three-axis flight simulator
has been developed by this company, to provide extended lowvelocity operation, dynamic range,
and large load capabilities. It
is available wi th space or earth
coordinates.
The flight simulator, called
Model S 450A, is programmed by an
analog computer, or a function
generator, to duplicate the angular rotational motions of an actual missile, space capsule, or
aircraft. The equipment has a
controlled dynamic velocity ratio
of over 1,750,000 to I, with maximum rates in excess of 700 degrees
per second and minimum rates of
less th~n one-tenth the earth's
rotati onal rate. High angular
controlled acceleration5 exceed
50,000 degrees per second squared,
with a frequency response over 27
cycles per second with rated loa~
--The equipment shown in the
photograph above is installed at
McDonnell Aircraft Corp. for use
on their Gemini spacecraft program.
38
I
-- Engineers give final checkout to a UNIVAC 490 Fastrand
Mass Storage Subsystem.
Each unit consists of two
drums revolving at 870 revolutions
per minute. 64 flying heads
mounted on flexure springs are
used to search the rotating drums
for desired facts. Only one movingpart is used to position all
64 heads in each unit. Positioning is accomplished through the
use of a linear transducer directly coupled to the positioning
carriage on which the heads are
mounted. Only nine bearing surfaces are used in each Fastrand
unit. Two motors, one integrally
mounted to each drum, are used to
drive the system, which is completely self-contained with its
own power supply.
Company officials stated that
the new SUb-system is specifically
designed for use by companies that
require up-to-the-minute information on large ammounts of data, in
order to keep on top of rapidly
changing business conditions. Existing programming packages for
the UNIVAC 490 Real-Time Computer
will operate the subsystem.
-- At the left a page of typewritten copy is removed from
the reader's scanning unit,
which starts the reading process. At the right the punched
tape output is being scanned;
it can be fed into a computer
for processing or a flexowriter for display.
The machine reads up to 20
different type faces from 1/12inch to 1/2-inch in height, and
reads either printed or typewritten'~ocuments;
Modifications
can be made to accommodate additional type fonts. The reading
of many fonts is done through the
use of a light spot generated by
a cathode ray tube, similar to
those used in television sets.
The reflection of the spot moving
along the surface of the printed
page is converted to electrical
signals for character recognition.
The electrical signals are matched
against a large number of coded
reference characters compactly
stored in a recognition unit.
Recognition is achieved by obtaining the best match between the
character being read and the character stored in the machine.
The reader has a number of
military uses including machine
translation of foreign language
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1%.\
The printer may have 4, 8,
12, or 16 printing positions.
Each position is capable of printing 0 through 9 in addition to 5
symbols, plus, minus, decimal,
A and B (standard). The printer
is of modular construction with a
self-contained regulated power
supply, timing circuitry, and a
conversion matrix for the acceptance of 4 line codes.
memories, has been developed by
this company.
BANK TELLER TERMINAL
IBM Corporation
Data Processing Division
White Plains, N.Y.
Above, the digital control logic unit is being
checked; it matches electrical signals given off by
printed characters against
the stored coded referenced
characters. The over-all
recognition process requires
less than 50 millionths of a
second.
documents, proofreading, accounting and optical-pattern recognition. With modifications, the
machine could be used for photo
interpretations and for map
reading.
A communications terminal
which places financial information
about customer accounts at the
fingertips of a bank teller has
been developed by this company.
The new IBM 1062 terminal enables
a teller to relay a transaction to
a central computer for processing
and have the new balance printed
out at his station in seconds.
The 1062 terminal, which can
be shared by two tellers, has a
keyboard for manually entering
data; an insertion chute for passbooks, checks, money orders and
receipts; and a printing unit that
records all transactions in
printed form for audit purposes.
It also posts replies from the
computer on iI passbook or other
documen t.
NEW DIGITAL PRINTER
Monroe Calculating Machine Co., Inc.
Electronics Components Div.
San Francisco 5, Calif.
This company has announced
its Monroe DATA/LOG MC 10-40 digital printer. This printer is a
solid state, 4 line, coded input
strip printer. It prints at the
rate of 1040 lines per minute.
Impressions are made by permanently timed hammers, cam driven,
striking through a ribbon and
agl.d ns t a constantly revolving
character drum.
The "shmoo" shape of the
transfluxor gives electrical characteristics, such that in the
saturated state for "Read" or
"Write" the unsaturated area of
the transfluxor is very small.
This shape also gives simplified
orientation of "Read" and "Wri te"
holes during automatic grading.
The physical and electrical characteristics of the "Read" hole of
the" shmoo" transfluxor can be
matched with those of a standard
50 mil toroid; this enables construction of both a non-destructive coincident-current memory
and a destructive-read" scratch
pad" memory, us i ng the same
desiun of drive circuits.
NEW CATHODE HAY TUllE
FOR ALPHANUMEHIC SYMBOLS
Litton Industries
Electron Tube Division
San Carlos, Calif.
Data from a terminal is transmitted over communications lines
to the computer through the IBM
1061 control unit and the IBM 1448
transmission control unit.
Components
"SHMOO" SHAPED TRANSFLUXOR
Electronic Memories, Inc.
9430 Bellanca Ave.
Los Angeles 45, Calif.
A new two-hole" shmoo"-shaped
transfluxor, for application in
coincident-current non-destructive
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
A new cathode-ray tube is
being produced by this company
with dual deflection, high resolution and high light output. It
is denoted C21C4. A special gun
design provides high-resolution
capabilities of magnetic focus,
and a set of high-speed electrostatic-deflection plates with
equal deflection sensitivity on
both axes. This enables character
generation. Symbol positioning
and conventional line-scan operation are provided by magnetic deflection. The electrostatic
deflection system may be used to
scan a small raster for character
formation. Appropriate wave
forms fed to the plates will also
generate alpha-numeric and other
symbols. The display tube has a
21" rectangular screen. It is
useful for computer read-out,
traffic control, message display,
and monitor operations.
39
FRONT COVER STORY
ASTRODA TA EXPANDS
LINE OF MODULAR
COMPUTER AMPLIFIERS
Astrodata, Inc.
240 East Palais Rd.
Anaheim, Calif.
A new series of modular amplifiers, Models 113 through 116,
constructed on plug-in etched
circuit cards, has been announced
by this company.
The new models all have 100
megohms input impedance, and are
chopper-stabilized. Models 113
and 114 are unity gain amplifiers
with a bandwidth from dc to 1
megacycle (3 db point). These
models have a power supply isolator system which seeks to provide true floating amplification
in multi-channel operations.
Model 115 has a bandwidth from dc
to 150 kc with gain adjustable
from 1 to 200. Model 116 is a
narrow-band, fixed-gain amplifier.
The computer consists of four
basic sections: the central computer (arithmetic and control section), 2Yz x 2Yz x lYz inches high;
the memory, 4 x 4 x 4 inches; power
supply, and input-output section.
NEW AEROSPACE COMPUTER
FEA TURES CIRCTTTT rrCHIPsrr
AND THIN-FILM MEMORY
UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand Corp.
2121 Wisconsin Ave. N.W.
Washington, D.C.
What is called the "biggest
li t tIe computer" on the market
was recently demonstrated to
officials of the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
Designed for aerospace applications, the computer is six inches
square, seven inches high and
weighs less than 17 pounds. It
dissipates only 53 watts of electrical power, less than that consumed by a small table radio.
UNIVAC says the Microtronic
Aerospace Computer, Model 1824, is
"the fastest aerospace computer
available today." In a single
second, the computer can perform
125,000 additions or subtractions,
mUltiply 30,000 times, divide
15,000 times, or compute 8000
square roots on 24-bit data words.
-- The six modules which comprise the central processor and
the input/output section mounted
around the thin-film memory.
It contains a total of 1952
parts, including 1243 integrated
circuits, plus the memory stack.
Integrated circuits are solid
state circuit semiconductor networks that integrate all of the
computer's 18,000 transistors, diodes, capacitors and resistors -and their associated interconnections -- into tiny semiconductor
wafers. One integrated circuit
may include up to 18 transistors.
UNIVAC claims the 1824 is the
only microtronic, thin-film computer in operation ••• the first to advance beyond the research and development phase. It represents the
first successful "marriage" of magnetic thin films and semi-conductor
integrated (microtronic) circuits
to produce a working computer.
Fabrication techniques allow UNIVAC
to produce the computer using a
batch production method at the rate
of three per week in their St. Paul,
Minnesota plants. The 1824 costs
about $100,000 per unit in orders
of 12 or more.
o
This new series is for use
in data systems, analbg-to-digital
converters, analog computers, and
control systems.
The input-output section,consisting of five input and eleven
output channels, may be expanded
to as many as 156 channels in situations requiring that much computer capability. This modular or
"building block" design technique
applies also to other sections of
the computer, where either the
memory or logic circuit modules
may be expanded as easily.
FERRITE MEMORY CORES
Electronic Memories, Inc.
9430 Bellanca Ave.
Los Angeles 45, Calif.
This company has developed a
range of square-loop ferrite memory cores in 30 mil sizes for use
in coincident-current memories.
The cores have a swi~ching time
of less than 0.4 microsecond obtainable with a drive of less
than 600 milliamperes, making
them useful in 1.5 to 3 microsecond coincident-current memories.
40
The memory section contains
74,000 bits of information which
are deposited in the form of miniature magnetic dots on glass substrates. Switching time between
the dots is measured in nanoseconds.
The 1824 requires three microseconds
to °gain access to a stored bit of
information.
A reliability of at least
20,000 hours is forecast for the
1824. By January 20th, the first
1824 had accumulated over 275
hours of operational air time.
-- Ted Sammis, microtronic project engineer at UNIVAC, examines the 1824 computer, which
weighs less than 17 pounds and
occupies less than 0.2 cubic
feet.
CQMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
Data Transmitters
and
AID
Converters
BI-DIRECTIONAL DATA CONVERTER
General Dynamics/Electronics
1400 North Goodman St.
Rochester 1, N.Y.
A new bi-directional data
converter has been developed by
this company, the SC-332. It is
a "translator" that converts one
kind of "computer talk" to a different "language" at high speeds.
Data is converted from magnetic
tape to punched paper tape, from
punched paper tape to magnetic
tape, and from punched paper tape
in one code to punched paper tape
in a different code.
The device has a speed of
500 churacters per second when
operating in the magnetic tape
mode. When converting data to
paper tupe, it has a speed of 250
characters per second. Five, six,
seven, or eight-level paper tape
codes can be accommodated, with
or without parity. On the magnetic tape application, the converter operates with either the
IBM 729 III IV binary, or binary
coded decimal low density format.
Code translation, formating, and
error-checking are performed automatically.
HIGH AND LOW SPEED
DA TA TRANSMISSION
WITH NEW COMMUNICA TIONS UNIT
IBM Corporation
Data Processing Division
White Plains, N.Y.
This company has announced a
data transmission device which
makes it possible for computers
to exhange information over long
distances at either high or low
sJleeds.
This data communication device, called the IBM 7710, transmits information between the magnetic core memories of two IBM
1401 computers at all speeds for
which broad-band common carrier
equipment is available -- up to
5100 characters a second. At
lower speeds -- 150, 250 or 300
characters a second -- the new
device uses standard, voice-grade,
telephone lines, making possible
low cost communication with card
and magnetic tape transmission
units, as well as computer
memories.
A 7710 can operate at either
high or low speeds under switch
control. Data collected over
telephone lines at low speed can
be retransmitted by the same 7710
at high speed over broad-band
facilities. The 7710 operates
under control of the 1401 to which
it is linked. Data to be ~rans
mitted is transferred from the
computer to the communication
unit where each character is converted from a seven-bit computer
code to a four-for-eight code for
serial transmission. At the receiving end each character is
checked for accuracy by the 7710,
reconverted to computer code and
transferred to the 1401's core
storage for processing.
High-speed 7710's can be
used for load-shilring between remote data processing installations
in such activities as the aerospace i ndust ry, manufac turi ng,
petro-chemicals and in government.
UNIVAC 1050 - NEW SUBSYSTEM
UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand Corp.
315 Park Avenue South
New York 10, N.Y.
A new subsystem, the UNIVAC
1050, that performs off-line data
processing functions has been announced by this company. This
solid-state, character-addressable
computing subsystem has a basic
magnetic core memory of 8192 sixbit alphanumeric characters that
can be expanded in modules of 4096
characters to a maximum capacity
of 32,768 characters. Memory cycle
time is 4.5 microseconds.
cludes conversion of data from
punched cards to magnetic tape
and from magnetic tape to punched
cards or printed hard copy.
Operator checks console on
Central Processor of UNIVAC
1050 during concurrent operation of this new subsystem for
UNIVAC large-scale computers.
High-speed reader (left) senses
cards at a rate of 1000 per minute. Card punch unit (to right
of operator) punches cards at
a 300 per minute rate. Buffered
solid-state printer (extreme
right) produces 922 one hundred
and twenty-eight character lines
per minute.
NEW HIGH-SPEED DA TA SYSTEM
FOR A/D CONVERSION
Non-Linear Systems, Inc.
J) e 1 Mu r, Cill if .
This company has developed a
new data system which automatically measures DC voltages to 0.01%
precision, at rates of up to 1000
readings per second, and records
the measurement in digital form
on magnetic tape. The data system
is designated NLS 24216. The Model
24216 has a transistorized analogto-digital COngerter with a digitizing time of 67 microseconds
far.a four-digit conversion
(decimal system).
A program-interrupt technique
permits the UNIVAC lOSO to handle
both a card-to-tape operation and
a tape-to-printer operation concurrently.
This device gives udditional
off-line capacity to users of parallel-processing, large-scale
UNIVAC systems; the capacity in-
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
41
The data system can rapidly
convert electrical measurements or
physical quantities, such as temperature, stress, strain, flow
rate, pressure or vibration, into
a form suitable for digital computers, digital printers or automatic control or testing systems.
The standard tape format is fully
compatible for direct use with the
IBM 7090 computer using a standard
six character word in binary coded
decimal form. The format includes
addressing, labeling, record gap,
vertical and longitudinal parity,
and end of file instructions.
Formats for other computers, tape
readers and tape to card converters
are also available.
AUTOMATION
AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED POWER-LINKING
OF UTILITY GROUPS
A new automatic control system is the nerve center for operations linking the utilities of the
Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland
Interconnected System (PJM) and
two other groups of utilities:
Alleghany Power System (APS) and
CANUSE (Canada-U.S.-Eastern Interconnection). These utilities are
involved in the recently announced
350 million dollar expansion plan
for construction of additional
high voltage lines and generating
plants.
Information on generating costs
of the neighboring systems is received by the interconnection dispatcher to enable him to compare
them with those of his own system.
As a result, he may decide to
receive from or deliver power to
the other systems, which he does
by altering his schedule controlling the amount of power flowing on the interconnecting lines.
The interconnected systems
provide the means for: speedy
DP SYSTEM FOR BANK OPERATIONS
IBM Corporation
Data Processing Division
White Plains, N.Y.
A data processing system has
been designed by this company,
exclusively for high-speed handling
of bank transit operations. It is
called the IBM 1420 bank transit
system; it was developed specifically for Federal Reserve banks and
commercial banks where check handling of unusually high volume is a
problem.
The system consists of three
solid-state, interconnected units:
a bank transit processing unit, a
card read-punch, and a printer
with selective tape listing.
The processor combines the
reading-sorting features of a magnetic character reader with the
instruction and storage control
features of a general purpose computer. It has 4000 to 16,000 positions of internal information
storage. Core storage cycle time
is six microseconds. Processing
can take place at the same time
checks are being read.
The system can sort MICRencoded checks and documents at a
rate of up to 1600 checks per minute and can also read 51-column
cards, such as postal money order~
at speeds up to 1900 a minute. A
special endorsing feature imprints
the bank's endorsement during processing with no reduction in speed.
The printer prints either
eight detail tapes or a master
(control) tape and six detail tapes.
Maximum output of the printer is
1285 lines per minute. Both numeric dollar listings and alphabetic
cash letters can be printed at 600
lines per minute.
42
-- Power flows of the net amount of electricity on
five tie lines to CANUSE and seven tie lines to
the APS are shown on the recording meters of
L&N's automatic control system in PJM's headquarters.
The system, manufactured by
Leeds e Northrup Company, Philadelphia, is located at PJM's headquarters in the Philadelphia Electric Company building in Philadelphia. The L&N control system receives data, displayed on a recorder board showing the quantity
of power flowing from five tie
line connections to CANUSE and
seven to the members of the PJM.
transfer of electricity from surplus areas to those in need due
to sudden, unexpected demands;
provide increased reliabili~y for
all the participating utilities;
and improve voltage and frequency
regulation. Interconnection is
spreading rapidly in all sections
of the United States; it is expected that the country will be
tied together from coast-to-coast
in the not-too-distant future.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 19G3
F
Col~
'sity
BUSINESS
NEWS
RCA ANNOUNC ES RECORD SALES
AND EARNINGS IN 1962;
OPERA TING PROFIT
UP 40% OVER 1961
RCA achieved record sales
and profits in 1962 for the best
twelve-month period in its 43-year
history, Chairman David Sarnoff
announced recently.
RCA's 1962 sales will approach $1,700.000,000 and its operating profit after taxes will
exceed $50,000,000, representing
gains of at least 10 per cent and
40 per cent, respectively, over
the 1961 levels, he pointed out.
General Sarnoff called RCA's
1962 performance that of an "industrial pacesetter" in relation
to the movement of the national
economy as a whole. He cited as
two principal elements contributing to the company's success
in 1962:
1: Growing strength in RCA's
electronic data processing operations, reflected in the more than
doubling during 1962 of revenue
from domestic and international
sale and rental of commercial systems, and the continued substantial reduction of related costSj
2: Continued advances in space
and defense electronics, dramatized oy the unprecedented 100 per
cent effectiveness of the six RCAdeveloped TIROS weather satellites
that have so far been launced and
operated by the National Aeronautics and Sp'ace Administration.
General Sarnoff said that
RCA's EDP-program "is proceeding
toward the development of a profitable growth busines~'. He added that the company has shipped
more than 280 electronic data processing systems to government and
commercial users in this country
and overseas, and that foreign
orders for RCA systems rose to 158,
a l2~ per cent increase over the
1961 year-end total. He disclosed
also that the first RCA 601, a
large computer for industrial and
scientific use, was placed in
operation in December at the New
Jersey Bell Telephone Company.
IBM SALES UP 15%
IBM has announced its preliminary results for the year 1962.
Thomas J. Watson Jr., chairman of
the board, reported that IBM's
gross income for the year 1962
from the sale, service and rental
of its products in the United
States amounted to $1,925,221,857,
compared with $1,694,295,547 in
the year 1961.
Net earnings for the year
ended December 31, 1962, after
U.S. federal income taxes amounted
to $241,387,268. This compares
with net earnings after taxes for
the year 1961 of $207,227,597.
BENDIX REPORTS
PEAK PEACETIME SALES VOLUME
The Bendix Corporation for
the fiscal 1962 year had the highest peacetime sales in its histor~
Sales volume amounted to
$788,100,000 for the year ended
September 30, 1962, an increase of
4.7 per cent over the total of
$752,800,000 in 1961. Net income
for the fiscal year amounted to
$22,545,524. Earnings from operations in fiscal 1962 were ~ per
cent higher than the preceding
year, Bendix repor~ed.
Bendix sales during the fiscal year were divided 72 per cent
military and 28 per cent commercial products, virtually unchanged
from last year in this respect.
Dollar volume in the space and
missile field rose to $227,574,00~
up from $197,160,000 a year ago,
and space projects accounted for
more than $60,000,000 in 1962.
55% SALES INCREASE,
PROFITABILI'IY IMPROVEMENT
SEEN BY C-E-I-R
An increase in sales of
C-E-I-R, Inc., from $10,940,358 in
fiscal 1961 to a record high of
$16,989,878 in its ninth fiscal
year ending September 30, 1962,
were announced by Dr. Herbert W.
Robinson, president and chairman
of the board.
Sales were 55% higher in fiscal 1962 than in fiscal 1961, Dr.
Robinson saidj and sales in the
second half were 63% higher than
in the second half of fiscal 1961.
Dr. Robinson pointed out that
expenses of the company's expansion program had continued for
much of the year at the high levels
reached during the last quarter of
fiscal 1961. While the pattern of
development of sales, earnings,
and cash flow over the year con-
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
formed generally to expectations,
sales from" seasoned" operations
at the C-E-I-R Centers lagged
somewhat behind, and this caused
a continuation of losses into the
second half of the fiscal year,
Dr. Robinson said. The expansion
program will have increased
C-E-I-R's total computer capability six and a half times between
Fall 1960 and Spring 1963.
Losses on operations for the
fiscal year were $1,149,996, compared with $967,862 for fiscal
1961.
C-E-I-R has undergone a comprehensive reorganization, and
has initiated a widespread profit
improvement program, with the aid
of Cresap, McCormick and Paget,
management consultants. Due for
completion this month, these measures have already yielded results
which should accelerate the profitability improvement of the
second half in fiscal 1963.
C-E-I-R is an international
organization devoted to problem
solving, analytical and computer
services, with corporate headquarters in Washington. Regional
Centers are located in Washington.
New York, and Los Angeles, and
Centers are operated in Boston,
lIouston, San Francisco, Mexico
City, London, and Paris.
RCA AND PHILCO
ANNOUNCE AGREEMENT
RCA and the Philco Corporation, a subsidiary of Ford Motor
Company, announced jointly, an
agreement which resolves their
long-standing dispute in the
patent license field. The agreement provides that RCA will receive non-exclusive licenses under
all present Philco and Ford United
States patents and patent applications relating to radio purpose
apparatus (including color television), transistors, and data
processing equipment. These licenses will run for the full lives
of the patents.
In addition, for the next
five years, RCA will be free to
use any domestic color TV patent
issuing to Phi lco on an application filed after the date of the
agreement.
For the rights received under
this agreement, RCA has paid
$9 million to Philco.
43
MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS
The number of electronic computers installed, or
in production at anyone time has been increasing at
a bewildering pace in the past several years. New
vendors have come into the computer market, and
familiar machines have gone out of production. Some
new machines have been received with open arms by
users -- others have been given the cold shoulder.
To aid our readers in keeping up with this mushrooming activity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this monthly report on the number of
American-made general purpose computers installed or
on order as of the preceding month. We update this
computer census monthly, so that it will serve as a
"box-score" of progress for readers interested in
following the growth of the American computer industry.
Most of the figures are verified by the respective manufacturers. In cases where this is not so,
estimates are made based upon information in the
reference files of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION. The
figures are then reviewed by a group of computer
industry cognoscenti.
.~
Any additions, or corrections, from informed
readers will be welcomed.
AS OF JANUARY 20. 1963
NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
Addressograph-Multigraph
Corporation
NAME OF
COMPUTER
SOLID
STATE?
AVERAGE MONTHLY DATE OF FIRST NUMBER OF
RENTAL
INSTALLATION INSTALLATIONS
NUMBER OF
UNFILLED
ORDERS
EDP 900 system
y
$7500
2/61
]0
12
ASI 210
ASI 420
y
y
$2850
$12,500
4/62
1/63
5
4
1
1
RECOMP II
RECOMP III
y
y
$2495
$1495
1l/58
6/61
135
8
~O
20
Bendix
G-15
G-20
N
y
$1700
$15,500
7/55
4/61
360
18
5
6
Burroughs
205
220
EIOl-103
8250
B260
B270
B280
85000
N
1/54
10/58
1/56
1l/61
1l/62
7/62
7/62
2/63
83
58
x
y
y
y
$4600
$14,000
$875
$4200
$3750
$7000
$6500
$16,200
Advanced Scientific
Instruments
Autonetics
N
N
y
y
Clary
DE-60/DE-60M
y
$675
2/60
Computer Control Co.
DDP-19
DDP-24
.sPEC
y
y
$3500
$3000
$800
6/61
160/160A
924
1604
3600
6600
Y
Y
PDP-l
Y
PDP-4
Y
El-tronics, Inc.
ALWAC IIIE
N
General Electric
210
225
Y
Y
General Precision
LGP-21
LGP-30
RPC-4000
Control Data Corporation
Digital Equipment Corp.
Honeywell Electronic Data
Processing
44
H-290
H-400
y
y
y
y
$ 2000/$3500
$10.000
$35,000
$52,000
$120,000
5/60
5/60 & 7/61
9/61
1/60
4/63
170
X
X
40
15
10
35
45
6
16
o
82
1
;w
'J
~
2
o
1
10·
2
215
55
4
3
40
15
o
o
2
1
12/59
35
10
8/62
6
7
$2500
2/54
32
X
$16,000
$7000
7/59
1/61
6;)
104
10
88
Y
semi
Y
$725
$1300
$1875
12/62
9/56
1/61
400
32
20
61
!U
y
$3000
$5000
6/60
12/60
34
y
Sold only
about $175,000
Sold only
about $ 75,000
4
11
v
3
65
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1%~
I
~I
I
I'
NAME OF
COMPUTER
SOLID
STATE?
AVERAGE MONTHLY
RENTAL
Honeywell EDP (cont'd.)
H-800
H-1800
DATAmatic 1000
Y
Y
N
$22,000
H-W Electronics, Inc.
HW-15K
Y
HRB Singer, Inc.
SEMA 2000
IBM
305
650-card
650-RAMAC
1401
1410
1440
1620
701
702
7030
704
7040
7044
705
7070, 2, 4
7080
709
7090
7094
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Information Systems, Inc.
NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
I
~~
9
2
X
$500
3/63
0
2
Y
$700
1/62
18
20
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
$3600
$4000
$9000
$2500
$10,000
$1800
$2000
$5000
$6900
$300,000
$32,000
$14,000
$26,000
$30,000
$24,000
$55,000
$40,000
$64,000
$70,000
3/62
11/54
11/54
9/60
11/61
4/64
9/60
4/53
2/55
5/61
12/55
6/63
6/63
11/55
3/60
8/61
8/58
11/59
1~/62
925
735
262
4390
140
0
1350
4
5
8
89
0
0
160
320
38
45
213
1
X
X
X
4200
400
550
320
X
X
1
X
37
8
X
250
28
X
144
5
151-609
Y
$4000
2/58
22
1
ITT
7300 ADX
Y
$35,000
7/62
6
4
Monroe Calculating Machine Co.
Monrobot IX
Monrobot XI
N Sold only-$5800
$700
Y
3/58
6/60
165
210
7
150
National Cash Register Co.
NCR - 102
- 304
-310
- 315
- 390
Y
Y
Y
Y
$14,000
$2000
$8500
$1850
1/60
5/61
5/62
5/61
30
30
32
40
295
X
0
42
128
225
Packard Bell
PB 250
Y
$1200
12/60
133
24
Philco
1000
2000-212
-210, 211
4000
Y
Y
Y
Y
$7010
$68,000
$40,000
$6000
-/63
1/63
10/58
-/63
0
1
23
0
12
12
25
10
Radio Corp. of America
Bizmac
RCA 301
RCA 501
RCA 601
N
Y
Y
Y
-/56
2/61
6/59
11/62
4
$6000
$15,000
$35,000
180
90
1
X
320
12
7
Scientific Data Systems Inc.
SDS-9l0
SDS-920
$2190
$2690
8/62
9/62
10
Y
3
11
5
TRW Computer Co.
RW530
Y
$2500
8/61
15
7
UNIVAC
Solid-state 80,
90, & Step
Y
Y
Solid-state II
490
Y
1107
Y
III
Y
LARC
Y
1100 Series (except 1107)
N
I & II
N
File Compu ter s
N
60 & 120
N
1004
Y
$8000
$8500
$26,000
$45,000
$20,000
$135,000
8/58
9/62
12/61
10/62
8/62
5/60
529
2
4
1
4
2
154
34
12
16
68
X
$35,000
$25,000
$15,000
$1200
$1500
12/50
3/51 & 11/57
8/56
-/53
2/63
32
62
77
907
0
X
X
1
19
1200
13,718
9,008
~
•
I
j
NUMBER OF
UNFILLED
ORDERS
49
0
5
I
J.
NUMBER OF
INSTALLATIONS
12/60
-/63
12/57
I
--/
DATE OF FIRST
INSTALLATION
X -- no longer in production
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
y
y
$~~O,OOO
up
N
Y
TOTALS
11,5
PERGAMON announces an
important new scientific
journal . ..
~Offer....
,
INFORMATION STORAGE
AND RETRIEVAL
,
COVERING ALL THE PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE!
•
•
•
CLOTHBOUND AND JACKETED!
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED!
ATTRACTIVE EDITORIAL FORMAT!
•
OVER 300 PAGES!
=
Published quarterly. Annual subscription rates: "A" to libraries and other institutions, $30.00; "B" to individuals,
$20.00.
SampLe copy on request.
PERGAMON
,
Now you can order the
PROCEEDINGS 0 f the
F ALL J 0 I N T CO MPUTER CONFERENCE ...
and if ordered now we
will extend a 25% discount!
Editor-in-Chief: J. Farradane, Institute of Information Scientists,
London. Assisted by an International Board of Regional Editors.
INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL, now published, is an international medium for the rapid publication
of original work on the theory and techniques of information
storage and retrieval, with emphasis on scientific information
and the intellectual problems involved.
On the theoretical side, papers discuss innovations in indexing, classification and notation, and the recording and dissemination of information. The journal also covers applications
of experimental psychology, semantics, linguistics, logic and
information theory in this area. Reports on techniques include transmission of information, punched card methods,
mechanical and electronic selectors and mechanical translation.
International news of general interest to information scientists, librarians and other specialists concerned with information problems, as well as book reviews, are included.
.
ONLY $6.00
-
SEND ORDERS
DIRECTLY TO:
PRESS,· INC.
BOOKS
Dept. CA 1, 122 East 55th Street
New York 22, N. Y.
Oxford
London
Paris
WASHINGTON. 12. D C,
BOOI{S AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Moses M. Berlin
Allston, Mass.
We publish here citations and
brief reviews of books and other
publications which have a significant relation to computers, data
processing, and automation, and
which have come to our attention.
We shall be 'glad to report other information in future lists if a review
copy is sen t to us. The plan of each
entry is: author or editor / title /
publisher or issuer / date, publication process, number of pages,
price or its equivalent / comments.
If YOll write to a publisher or issuer, we would appreciate your
mentioning Computers and Automation.
Chu, Yaohan I Digital Computer Design
Fundamentals I McGraw Hill Book Co.,
330 West 42 St., New York 36, N. Y. I
1962, printed, 481 pp, $15.00.
This useful and informative book is an
out~rowth of a course given since 1953 for
seniors and graduate students in engineerin~ and science who are interested in the
logic and circuit aspects of electronic digital
cOlllputers. No previous acquaintance with
the subject is needed, but knowledge of
college mathematics and a general under-
standing of electronics is essential. The
first four chapters deal with digital arithmetic & Boolean algebra. Chapters 5 to 9
cover various types of logic circuits. Chapters 10 to 12 deal wi~h digital computer
logic and design. Additional sources of
information ,are found ·in the references
at the end of each chapter. Problems accompany most chapters. An index is included.
Saxon, James A., and William S. PIette I
Programming the IBM HOI: A SelfInstructional Programmed Man u a I I
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
N. J. I 1962, printed, 208 pp, $9.00.
Although this useful work is entitled a
"self-instructional programmed manual,"
the book docs not contain material of the
usual Skinnerian type of programmed learning organized as a succession of steps: itemframe, immediate response, immediate reenforcement. What it docs contain is information very carefully organized and presented in small lessons, followed by several
questions or quizzes for which the answers
have to be constructed, followed by the
statement of the answers on the back side
of the page. The author says, "There is
nothing to keep the student from cheating
by looking at the correct answer before
attempting to work the problem except the
realization that he will not learn to program
if he does this."
The book looks as if it can be effectively
used by beginners for programming of the
IBM 1401. There are 42 lessons (each
titled) gathered into 10 units (not titled).
Some of the lessons are "Machine Storage,"
"Symbolic Programming," "Special Features
of Tape Processing," etc. Index. Erratum:
on page 3, line 4 from bottom, under the
lett~r "F" 'in the outlined box "FINAL,"
replace small "406" by small' "906."
Coulson, John E., editor, and 29 authors I
Programmed Learned and ComputerBased Instruction I John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, New York 16,
N. Y. I 1962, printed, 291 pp, $6.75.
Based on the proceedings of the COllference on Application of Digital COIllputers to Automated Instruction, held in
Washington, D. C., Oct. 10-12, 1961, this
book presents 21 papers expressing the
current findings and forecasts of future developments in computer-related instruction
by scientists and educators in the field. Pan
I, "Theory and Experimentation in Programmed Learning," represents a state-ofthe-art summary of knowledge regardin~
the basic variables and methods of aulllinstruction. Part II, "Computer-Based Instructional Systems," describes current attempts to apply computing machinery to
automated instruction. Part III, "COlllputer Technology in Automated Teaching,"
presents discussions on problems and op·
portunities in the application of computers
I
46
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 19())
to instruction. ,rany references are given
at the ends of papers. Index, pp. 289-291.
,,/'.
Hollitch, Robert S., and Benjamin Mittman, editors, and 18 contributors I Com·
puter Application-1961 I The Macmillan
Co., 60 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N. Y. I
1962, printed, 198 pp, $8.95.
This hook is based on the Proceedings of
the 1961 Computer Applications Symposium, October 25-26. 1961, sponsored by
;\nllour Research Foundation of Illinois
Insl. of Tech. It reports new developments
in the application and expanding uses of
digital computers in management, business,
engineering and scientific research. .\mong
Ille papers included are the following:
"\Ianagcment of Records in a Large·Scale
Collauorati\e Research Program (Honeywell 8UO)," ".\utomation of Library Opera·
tions," "Description of the \Jercury Real·
Time Computing System," and "Scientific
:\pplications for the U~IVAC L.\RC."
:\lso included are two panel discussions:
"Business and Management Applications"
and "Engineering and Scientific .\pplica·
tions."
Berge, Claude, translated from the French
by Alison Doig / The Theory of Graphs
and its Applications I John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 440 Park Ave. South, New York
16, N. Y. I 1962, printed in Great Britain,
247 pp, $6.50.
This book is a study of the theory of
graphs, in the sense of groups of points
joined by lines or arrows. The book aims to
provide a mathematical tool useable in the
behavioral sciences, cybernetics, games, transport networks, etc. The first chapter includes "General Definitions," and some gen·
eral mathematical rules. The remaining
twenty chapters include: "Thc Ordinal
Funclioll and the Grundy Function Oil an
Infinite Graph," "Games on a Graph,"
"The Matrix Associated with a Graph,"
"Trees and Arborescences," "Euler's Problelll." "Semi-Factors," and "Planar Graphs."
Two appendices include notes on the general theory of games and on transport probiellls. List of symbols, index of terms used,
and a hibliography.
Natiollal Radio Institute, Staff of / RadioTelevision-Electronics Dictionary I John
F. Rider, Publisher, Inc., 116 West 14 St.,
New York 11, N. Y. I 1962, printed, 168
pp, .$3.50.
This dictionary defines briefly and directly more than 5,000 terms and expressions in electricity, electronics, radio,
computers, and allied fields. Phrases are
listed alphabetically by the first word in
the phrase.
There are five appendices,
illcluding charts of "Vacuum Tube Sym~ols," and "Transistor Symbols."
Clarke, Emerson / How to Prepare Effecth'e Engineering Proposals / TW PubIbhers, River Forest, Illinois I 1962,
printed, 212 pp, $?_
This hook tells how to prepare effective
l'lIgillt'l'ring proposals, based on the thesis,
"The cngineering proposal is the key to
a $10 hillion annual market." It describes
the forlll and content of typical proposals,
alld slIggests many procedures for increasing
the dliriellc), with which proposals are pre·
p:lIl'd. Pan One is entitled "The Form and
COlltl'lIt of the ProposaL" Part Two "Meth·
()d~ fOi the Efficient Production of Pro·
posals." and Part Three "Topics for
Rl'view." The book also provides a number
of topic lists to ensure that topics vital to
pl'. suasioll are not overlooked. Cartoons by
Jamcs Curnock. No bibliography.
Hughes-Fullerton R&D in Southern California
has unusual opportunities immediately available for Computer Engineers experienced in
associative
computer techniques
In a comprehensive prooram, underway since 1961 at
HUGHES-FULLERTON. unique Associative Memory lechniques have beon dovelopecl which will ultimately lead to n
truly Associative Computer.
To capitalize on technological advances made, a few
qualified engineers are needed in the following Associative
Memory areas:
MECHANIZATION AREA
Engineers with at least two years'
experience in the design of high-speed
ferrite core memories-or with design
experience in multi-aperture memory
or logic systems. Background in the
design of transistorized memory peripheral circuitry would be useful.
Advanced degree in E.E. or Physics is
highly desirable.
SYSTEMS AREA
Associative Memory Applications:
To help formalize specific requirement~of associative memories to work
with conventional computers in solving problems such as track correlation, air traffic control. target
signature detection, sonar data
processing, etc. Must be familiar with
current problem solving methods in
these areas.
Associative Computer Develop ..
ment: To work with a small group of
engineers in studying the problems
of building an Associative Computer.
Will be expected to contribute new
concepts in data processing using
associative techniques.
Requirements: A minimum of three
years of systems/logical design experience on high-speed, parallel computer systems and a knowledge of the
application areas of this class of computer. Advanced degree in E.E. or
Mathematics preferred.
U. S. CITIZENSHIP REQUIRED
Foradditional information on these outstanding assignments, please airmail your confidential resume to:
MR. HAROLD HORSLEY
Professional Staffing
HUGHES-FULLERTON R&D
P.O. Box 3310
Fullerton, California
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 196·3
Creating a new world with Electronics
r---------------------l
•
HUGHES
•
I
·
,
t ________________________ I
'111(.111
~ ~111t:IIA'
,
"I)I·II'~"Y
FULLERTON R Be 0
IN THE COMPUTER FIELD
Who? What? Where?
Answers,
Basic Source Information,
Available to You from
COMPUTERS
and AUTOMATION
DIRECTORY:
The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1962, 160 pages long (the
June 1962 issue of COMPUTERS
AND AUTOMATION), containing
the following reference information:
Roster of Organizations in the Computer Field
Roster of Products and Services: Buyers' Guide
to the Computer Field
Survey of Computing Servicrs
Survey of Consulting Services
Descriptions of Digital Computcrs
Survcy of Commercial Analog Computers
Survey of Special Purpose Computers
and Da"ta Processors
Automatic Computing MachineryList of Types
Components of Automatic Computing
Machinery - List of Types
Over 500 Areas of Application of Computers
Computer Users Groups - Roster
Roster of School, Collegc, and Univcrsity
Computer Centers
Robots - Roster of Organizations
Roster of Computer As~ociations
Directory •
$12.00
CLOSSARY OF TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS IN THE COMPUTER FIELD:
Over 860 careful, clear, understandable
definitions. 5th cumulative edition . . . $3.95
( 10 or more copies, 20% discount)
BACK COPIES:
For eleven years of publication: $1. 50 each,
except Directory issucs, J lInc 1955 to June
1961, $ 5.00 each.
,SUBSCRIPTIONS:
U.S.A. one year, $15.00; two ycars, $29.00;
add 50c per year for Canada, $1. 50 pcr year
elsewhere.
BULK SUBSCRIPTIONS:
These rates apply to prepaid subscriptions
to COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION
coming in together direct to thc publisher.
Lytel, Allan I ABC's of Computer Programming I Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.,
4300 West 62 St., Indianapolis 6, Indiana I
1962, printed (paperbound), 128 pp,
$1.95.
Presents the fundamentals of digital
computer programming with actual examples of programming methods. Actual
computer-instruction repertoires are listed
showing their use in solution of problems.
The six chapters include: "What Is Programming?", "Fundamentals of Programming," "Program Instructions," "Programming for the Computer," "Programming
for the Problem," and "Programming Algebra." Glossary and index included. Erratum: page 110, line 4, word 5, correct
to read "acronym."
WE ARE interested in articles,
papers, reference informat 1(m, and
discussion relating to computers
and automation. To be considered
for any particular issue, the manuscript should be in our hands by
the first of the preceding month.
Hall, J. A. P., editor, and 21 contributors I
Computers in Education I a Pergamon
Press Book, The Macmillan Co., 60 Fifth
Ave., New York 11, N. Y. I 1962, printed,
122 pp, $7.50.
This book is based on papers presented
at the Proceedings of a Conference on "The
Computing Laboratory in the Technical
College" held at Hatfield College of Technology, England, May 27-28, 1960. The
aim was to exchange ideas on the purpose,
equipment, and use of a computing laboratory in a technical college, with particular
reference to the effect of computing machines on mathematics today. Some of the
papers included are: "Applied Mathematics
and Computing Machines," "The New
Significance of Computation in Technological Education," and "Industrial Requirements for Computer Staff." A concluding
statement by the editor, two appendices,
and an index are included.
Consequently, a writer should seek to
explain his subject, and show its context
and significance. He should define unfamiliar terms, or use them in a way that
makes their meaning un~istakable. He
should identify unfamiliar persons with
a few words. He should use examples,
details, comparisons, analogies, etc., whenever they may help readers to understand
a difficult point. He should give data
supporting his argument and evidence
for his assertions.
La Salle, Joseph P., and Solomon Lefschetz,
editors, and 12 contributors I Recent
Soviet Contributions to Mathematics I
The Macmillan Co., 60 Fifth Ave., New
York 11, N. Y. I 1962, printed, 324 pp,
$8.75.
A panel of mathematicians make a very
important report of their 1959 study of
recent Soviet contributions to the following
fields: algebra, control and stability theory,
functional analysis, numerical analysis,
partial differential equations, probability
and statistics, and topology. The first part
"A General Appraisal of Mathematics in
the U.S.S.R." expresses views on the state
and status of Soviet mathematics. The next
eight parts are devoted to surveys of
individual mathematical fields by panel
members. The final part is a survey and
checklist of Russian journals which publish
mathematical papers, and also includes a
limited Russian-English glossary for understanding their names. References are listed
at the end of each section. A thorough
index (six pages long) is included.
BULK SunsCiuPTION RATES
(Unilccl Siales)
Rates for Each
Number of
Subscription, and
Simultaneous
Resulting Saving:
Subscriptions
One Year
Two Years
7ormore
$11.40-24%
$20.00-31%
4 to 6
12.60 - 16
22.00 - 24
3
13.65 9
24.30-16
14.25 5
26.40 9
For Canada, add 50 cents for each year; outside of thc United States and Clnada, add
$1. 50 for each ycar.
Smd prepaid orders or reqlles/s lor
1I10re i"lor1lla/io" 10:
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION
815 Washington St., Newtol'\ville 60, Mass.
If not salisfaclor)', returnable in seven days
for full refund.
48
Hamilton, Nonnan, and Joseph Landin /
Set -Theory and the Structure of Arithmetic I Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 150 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. I second printing,
May 1962, printed, 264 pp, $7.75.
Evolved from lecture notes for a course
at the Univ. of Illinois intended for high
school mathematics teachers, this book aims
first to answer the question "What is a
number?" Secondly, and of greater importance, is the authors' wish to provide a
foundation for the study of abstract algebra,
elementary Euclidean geometry and analysis. The book is the first in a series of
three volumes. Chapter I, "The Elements
of the Theory of Sets," presents the rudiments of set theory in an intuitive rather
than logical manner. The rest of the text
concerns the construction of the natural
number system, and ends with a construc-
MANUSCRIPTS
ARTICLES: We desire to puhlish articles
that are factual, useful, understandable,
and interesting to many kinds of people
engaged in one part or another of the
field of computers and automation. In
this audience are many people who have
expert knowledge of some part of the
field, but who are laymen in other parts
of it.
We look particularly for articles that
explore ideas in the field of computers
and automation, and their applications
and implications. An article may certainly be controversial if the subject is
discussed reasonably.
Ordinarily, the
length should be 1000 to 3000 words. A
suggestion for an article should be submitted to us before too much work is
done.
TECHNICAL PAPERS: Many of the foregoing requirements for articles do not
necessarily apply to technical papers. Undefined technical terms, unfamiliar assnmptions, mathematics, circuit diagrams,
etc., may be entirely appropriate. Topics
interesting probably to only a few people are acceptable.
REFERENCE INFORMATION: We desire to
print or reprint reference information:
lists, rosters, abstracts, bibliographies, etc.,
of use to computer people. We arc interested in making arrangements for systematic publication from time to time of
snch information, with other people besides our own staff. Anyone who would
like to take the responsibility for a type
of reference information should write us.
NEWS AND DISCUSSION: We desire to print
news, brief discussions, arguments, announcements, letters, etc., anything, in
fact, if it is likely to be of substantial interest to computer people.
PAYMENTS: In many cases, we make small
token payments for articles, if the anthor
wishes to be paid. The rate is ordinarily
Ih¢ a word, the maximum is $15, and
both depend on length in words, whether
printed before, etc.
All suggestions, manuscripts, and inquiries about editorial material should
be addressed to: The Editor, COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, 815 lVashillgtoll Street, Newtonville .6Q, Mass.
COl'.1PUTERS and AUTOMAT!ON for February,
196.~
.'.
! ..
tion of the real numbers. The remaining
fOllr chapters are: "The Natural Numbers,"
"The Integers and the RaLional Numbers,"
"The Real :"JullIbers," and "The Deepel
Study of the Real Numbers." An index is
included.
Salzer, Herbert E., and Nonnan Levine I
Table of Sines and Cosines to Ten DeciIllal Places at Thousandths of a Degree I
a Pergamon Press book, The Mamlillan
Co., 60 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N. Y. I
1962, printed (in Poland), approx. 930
pp, $10.00.
This present table is intended to be the
most extensive of all existing tables of the
sine and cosine using decimal subdivisions
of the degree. The table offers improvements over existing tables in lhat it is a
len·decimal table with degrees subdivided
by thousandths- Furthermore, the sine and
cosine are tabulated side by side, each
entry has all digits, and, finally, it is somewhat easier to use a table where all entries
rtm vertically instead of horizontally. A
useful discussion of accuracy in interpolation and direct and inverse interpolation
with illustrations, is given on pages v to xiv.
AN INVITATION TO
COMPUTER
PROGRAMMERS
interested in vital, advanced work with the
STRETCH
7 0 90's
'140'1 1 9
NORC
Naval Ordnance
Research Calculator
NEW PATENTS
RAYMOND R. SKOLNICK
Reg. Patent Agent
Ford Inst. Co., Div. of Sperry Rand
Corp., Long Island City I, New York
The following is a compilation
of patents pertaining to computer
and associ;ned equipment from the
"Official Gazette of the U. S. Patent Office," dates of issue as indicated. Each entry consists of patent
number / inventor(s) / assignee /
invelllion. Printed copies of patQllls may be obtained from the U. S.
Commissioner of Patents, Washington 25, D. C., at a cost of 25 cents
each.
December 4, 1962
3,Oliti,Hli5 / Martin Ziserman, Hartsdale,
and Frank S. Preston, Tarrytown, N. Y. /
United Aircraft Corp., East Hartford,
Conn., a corp. of Delaware / Arbitrary
Function Analogue-To-Digital Converter.
3,O(iG,8()(i / Hermann Kittel and Willy
Schclli~, Villingen, Black Forest, GerlIIany / Firma Kienzle Apparate G.m. b.H.,
Villillgen, Black Forest, Germany / Adding Apparatus.
3,OGli,807 / Charles A. Krause, Gardeha,
and :\Iarvin R. Emerson, Rolling Hills,
Calif. / United Aircraft Corp., East Hartford, Conn., a corp. of Delaware / Digital
Comparator and Digital-To-Analogue
Converter.
3,067,·108 / William A. Barrett, Jr., Madison, ;\J. J. / Bell Telephone Labs., Inc.,
New York, N. Y., a corp. of New York /
:\Iagnclic Memory Circuits.
December II, 1962
:1.I)liH,·I!i1 / Warren W. Bolander, Scotia,
N. Y., and Burnette Paul Chansse, RoalIoke, Va. / General Electric Co., a corp.
of New York / Data Storage Register and
Control System.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1963
The Naval Weapons Laboratory operates one of the most
complete and advanced government computing centers in
the country. Computer programmers are needed to work
in the following broad areas:
• Mathematical analysis and programming for a wide
range of scientific programs, including :u;tronautics,
ballistics, aerodynamics, geodesy, engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, and management science.
• Programming languages and systems including assemblers, compilers, and executive systems.
• Programming research in artificial intelligence, pattern
recognition and learning procedures.
• Computer programs for real time systems.
At NWL you will associate with many of the pioneers in
the computer field in a stimulating intellectual environment on large-scale programs of national significance ...
and, you'll have to admit, with the finest facilities of their
kind. NWL is located right on the Potomac River about
55 miles below Washington, D. C., in an attractive semirural community where living costs are low and recreation
opportunities high.
A math degree is required. Experience is desirable in such
fields as numerical analysis, ordinary and partial differential equations, mathematical logic, and real and complex
variable theory. Starting salaries range from $6,465 to
$12,845, plus the exclusive benefits of Career Civil Service.
For further information,
write to the
Industrial Relations Director.
u.s. NAVAL
WEAPONS
LABORATORY
Dahlgren, Virginia
New York, N. '1.'., a corp. of Delaware
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMS
Computers and Automation's Fifth Edition of the
Glossary of Terms in Computers and Data Processing
96 pages long, this edition contains over 860 computer terms and expressions
with their definitions, EXPLAINED so that people new to the computer field can
understand them. (Our previous edition, October, 1956, contained 490 terms.)
This is an invaluable guide to "understanding your way around" the computer
field. Returnable for full refund within 10 days if not satisfactory.
. $3.95
·'1111.11.111111.11111111
MAIL THIS COUPON, OR A COpy OF IT
.1111.11.11.11 . . . . . . . . . . :
To: COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
815 'Vashington St., RI17, Newtonville 60, Mass.
o
Please send me the Glossary. I enclose $3.95.
Name ............................................................................................................... .
Address ............................................................................................................ .
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• r-
3.068,452 / George P. Sarrafian, Dallas,
Tcxas / Tcxas Instrumcnts Inc.. Dallas.
'I'cxas, a corp. of Delaware / \lcl11ory
~fatrix Systcm.
3.068,45!J / Cehcrn B. Trimhlc, Dayton.
Ohio I ="ational Cash Rcgistcr Co., Dav·
ton. Ohio, a corp. of \faryland / Mag·
netic Dl'lIlll Storage Systems.
3.068.462 I Joseph L. \[edolf, ~ewton.
\[ass. / :\.\'co \[anllfacturing Corp ..
Cincinnati. Ohio, a corp. of Delaware I
\nalog-To-Digital Com'erter.
3.068.464 / Hidetoshi Takahashi and Hiroshi Yamada, Tokyo, Japan / Fuji
Tsushiniki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha, Kawasaki. Japan. a company of Japan /
Code Conversion Circuitry.
December 18, 1962
3,069,Oii / \[ario Rosati, ~IiIan, Italy /
Lagomarsino F.:\.l., \Iilan, Italy IRe·
peat Storing Device for Computing \lachines.
3,069,079 I Karl Wilhelm Steinbuch, Fellbach, vVlIrttemberg, and Hermann Enores, Stuttgart-Muhlhausen, Germany /
International Standard Electric Corp.,
I
.-\utomatic Charactel' Recognition Mcthod.
3,069,085 I Roderick .-\. Cooppcr, Hydc
Park, and Joseph J. Moyer, Wappingcrs
Falls, N. Y. / I.B.M. Corp., New York,
;\I. Y., a corp. of New York / Binary
Digital Ylultiplier.
3,069,086 I Maurice Papo, Paris, France /
I.B.M. Corp., New York, N. Y., a corp.
of New York / Matrix Switching and
Computing Systems.
3,069,566 I Roy W. Reach, Jr., Sudbury,
~rass. / Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co., Minneapolis, Minn., a corp. of
Delaware / Synchronous Logical Circuil.
3,069,658 / Charles Mark Kramskoy, Ealing, London. England I Electric & Musical Industries Limited, \Iiddlesex. England, a company of Great Britain / Matrix Storage Devices.
3,069,659 / Harry A. Skovmand and Kenneth R. Skovmand, San Jose, Calif. /
I.B.M. Corp., New York, N. Y., a corp.
of New York I Data Processing Systems.
3,069,660 / Esmond Philip Goodwill
Wright, Desmond Sydney RicHer, and
Alexander Douglas Odell, all of London,
England I International Standard ElecCorp., New York, N. Y. / Storage of
Electrical Information.
3,069,661 I Umberto F. Gianola, Florham
Park, N. J. / Bell Telephone Labs., Inc.,
New York. N. Y., a corp. of New York /
Magnetic Memory Devices.
3,069,662 / Harold K. Kaiser, Los Altos,
Calif. / Lockheed Aircraft Corp .. Burbank, Calif. / Low Power Magnetic Core
Shift Register.
3,069,663 / Anthony Galopin. Arlington,
and Joseph L. MedoH;. Cambridge, Mass. /
Radio Corp. of America. a corp. of Delaware / Magnetic Memory System.
3.069.664 / Robert T. Adams. Short Hills,
N. J., and Barry M. Mindes, New York,
N. Y. / International Telephone and
Telegraph Corp., Nutley, ~. J., a corp.
of Maryland / Magnetic Storage Systems.
3.069,66!J / Andrew H. Bobeck, Chatham,
N. J. IBeH Telephone Lahs., Inc., Ne\\
York. N. '1.'., a corp. of ~ew York /
Magnetic Memory Circuits.
3,069,666 / Kenncth L. .-\ustin, Grapevine,
Tex. / Burroughs Corp., Detroit, \rich.,
a corp. of \Iichigan / \lagnetic Tape
Storage System.
ADVER TISING INDEX
Following is ,the index of advertisements. Each item contains: Name and'address of the advertiser / page number
where the advertisement appears / name of agency if any.
American Telephone & Telegraph Co •• 195 Broadway,
New York 7, N.Y. / Page 2 / N.W. Ayer & Son. Inc.
Bendix Computer Div •• 5630 Arbor Vitae St •• Los
Angeles 45. Calif. / Page 51 / John B. Shaw
Co •• Inc.
Control Data Corp •• 8100 34th Ave., So., Minneapolis
20, Minn. / Page 3 / Erwin Wasey, Ruthrauff &
Ryan. Inc.
Dialight Corp •• 60 Stewart Ave., Brooklyn 36. N.Y.
/ Page 18 / H.J. Gold Co.
Hughes Aircraft Co., Fullerton, Calif. / Page 47 /
Foote. Cone & Belding
International Business Machines Corp., Federal Systems Div., Bethesda 14, Md. / Page 21 / Benton
& Bowles. Inc.
Litton Systems, Inc •• Guidance and Control Systems
Div., 5500 Canoga Ave., Woodland Hills, Calif. /
Page 20 / Ellington & Co., Inc.
National Cash Register Co •• Main & K Sts., Dayton
9, Ohio, Page 14 / McCann-Erickson. Inc.
50
Packard Bell Computer Corp., 1905 Armacost Ave ••
W. Los Angeles, Calif. / Page 29 / Bertrand
Classified Advertising Agency
Pergamon Press. Inc •• 122 East 55th St •• New York
22, N.Y. / Page 46 / Promotion Consultants. Inc.
Philco Corp •• Computer Div •• 515 Pennsylvania Ave.,
Ft. Washington. Pa. / Pages 8, 9 / Maxwell
Associates. Inc.
Potter Instrument Co., Inc •• E. Bethpage Rd., Plainview, N.Y. / Page 4 / Gamut, Inc.
Rheem Electronics. 5200 W. 104 St •• Los Angeles.
Calif. / Page 19 / M.R. Crossman Co.
Spartan Books. 6411 Chillum Pl., N.W., Washington
12. D.C. / Pages 13. 46 / -Systemat. Div. of National Personnel Center, 2446
Reedie Dr •• Silver Spring. Md. / Page 29 / Spectra
Associates
U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory. Dahlgren. Va. / Page
49 / M. Belmont Ver Standig. Inc.
COMPUTFRS
ancl
AUTOMATION for February. 1963
"
I
1
I,
MEETS SPECIAL-INTEREST NEEDS ... PRODUCES TOTAL-ORGANIZATION RESULTS
From every point of view within your organization, the Bendix G-20 makes immediate dollar-savings sense.
Technical management benefits, for instance, because the Bendix G-20 incorporates the latest hardware and
software techniques ... because it offers the speed, precision and reliability they require. Accounting and Systems
management benefits because the communications-oriented Bendix G-20 provides multiprocessing capability,
maximum total-system utilization ... programming ease and compatibility. By meeting the needs of both these
special interests, the Bendix G-20 assures Top management of its ability to produce total-organization results on
the complete range of computer system applications ... now and for years to come. The proven productivity of the
G-20 at installation after installation ... the extensive services of one of the nation's largest, most respected corporations are additional reasons for investigating the Bendix G-20 .. .from every point of view. Call your nearest
Bendix Computer sales office. Or write to: Bendix Computer Division, Los Angeles 45, California, Dept. D-45.
T~no'Y
CORPORATION
Bendix Computer Division
0./,--
TIlt
At last the long awaited comprehensive edition of the "WHO'S WHO IN THE COMPUTER FIELD" is available. This is
the first edition in over five years. All entries are complete and accurate as of January, 1963. This handsome, clothbound book is the standard biographical reference on over 5000 leaders in computer applications/ design/ education/ logic/ mathematicsj marketing/ programming/ systems analysis
L_._ _ _ .___._____. ___________.____._________
'c_.__..___ .._ ... _. ____._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._. ___.______ .____._ _ _ _.______ ._______ ._._____
J
j
This is the answer book for such questions as:
Where did he get his degree?
How do you spell his name?
What is his home address?
Where is he working?
What is his job title?
What are his interests in the computer field?
What papers has he given recently?
What books has he written or edited?
To what societies does he belong?
A limited press run is being made of this valuable volume. Only the first 1000
orders can be filled at this time. To order your copy send your check or
purchase order for $24.95 to:
Who's Who in the Computer Field, Attn: Order Department,
815 Washington Street, Newtonville 60, Mass.
;:P·\:~)f:~I:?Pfji::!{rf/; -:.:i~: -
'~~........
,
I
I
~~~;:-~~\~
I
!
I
I
I
!
f;f!S';. ·:;~~!:,;iyr;::!:: -':,7i: ~I h2~
!" .... hi., ,,;. fIr.: 110, III .. J
',u.'o,..'"': 1.,t.I:~l4."J~
J
,.:
JI. t I l "fl'''J ....
...
II.,
-d.
.<>~..~. ~:~:
Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF
File Type Extension : pdf
MIME Type : application/pdf
PDF Version : 1.3
Linearized : No
XMP Toolkit : Adobe XMP Core 4.2.1-c043 52.372728, 2009/01/18-15:56:37
Producer : Adobe Acrobat 9.1 Paper Capture Plug-in
Modify Date : 2009:03:19 19:56:01-07:00
Create Date : 2009:03:19 19:56:01-07:00
Metadata Date : 2009:03:19 19:56:01-07:00
Format : application/pdf
Document ID : uuid:cf7d9b80-ca9b-44c6-8f80-c92f3d220456
Instance ID : uuid:8c4a6664-c013-4e3a-ae9b-e16f63117314
Page Layout : SinglePage
Page Mode : UseNone
Page Count : 52
EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools