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· September, 1966

~rs

and automation
£Gtt5 lV)
l 'n. ,

A ""IVA

\1N33\1~

"'va

-'fd

Simulator for computer operation

~
I

Clark Equipment Company gets data
from 127 sales offices, 4 manufacturing plants,
and a major warehouse as soon as it's recorded

Bell System communications is the vital link

Bell System data communications services link
Clark's'distant locations to a centralized computer
center at Buchanan, Michigan. The result is better
management control of all activities-sales, inventory,
purchasing, production, payroll and accounting.
With current and accurate information, Clark management can quickly adjust to changing marketing
conditions. Important orders get priority scheduling
for production and shipment. And yet, purchasing,
production and inventories stay at optimum levels.
An integrated information system of this size uses
computer switching with store and forward capabilities.
The fully automatic Clark system polls satellite stations,
receives and transmits messages, assigns priorities,
and converts different speed and code formats to

one standard code. Other features of the switching
unit provide the necessary supervisory control of the
network.
Consider the economies a real-time, integrated
information system can bring to your business with
automatic data processing linked with fast, reliable
communications.
Today's dynamic competition requires many companies to consider organizing for data processing in
some phase of their operations. It's important to start
organizing communications at the same time.
So when you think of data communications, think
of the Bell System. Our Communications Consultant
is ready and able to help you plan an integrated
information system.

A n& T@

"BeIiSystem

~

American ~elephone & T,elegraph
and Associated Companies

Treadcarefu ~Iy through the
jungl eot. roari ng prom ises •. Y~u ca n
get nipped on some Fortran IV
claims.
ButyoucanJrekonconfidently
with·· NCR's Fortran··IV,··You. have
rnoremathematical formulation flex~
ibility with NCR's one-pass Fortran
1\1 than with anyother version. And
our customers .. haveestablishe~;r·~
cost·per~statement of onlythree~
tenths of ·a . cent,
SpecificaHy. NCRoffersun~
limited variable name structure:
Useas many characters as you like
in cornmands. You don't hcweto ab~
br~'1iate. In fact, every . individual
elementof NCR's Fortran IV meets
or exceeds standards . . established
by ASAX3.4.3. ··like· N-dimension
subscribing.
An.·Executive monitor systemse.

quences read, compile, library, and
run· processing without·· operator
control •or. intervention, and per~
forms them in any order. And handles the assignment in jig time. On
the RMC, you compile at 250 statements per minute.
NCR is the king of the jungle in
other areas of scientific software
too; It's no empty roar when we say
we have off-the-shelf linear programrning,multiple regression analySis,
time series analysis, PERT, sales
forecasting and order analysis, sta·
tisticslibrary, engineering library,
and Fortran II. And we have them to·
day,right now, for theRMC, the
315,andthe 315·100.
.
So get the real story. Call your
NCR man, Of write NCR, Dayton,
Ohio 45409 for full information.
Don't let the paper tiger get you ..
>

THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY, DAYTON, OHIO 45409

®

Designate No. 4

on Redders )ervice Card

Support!
Usually, when you buy a reel of precision magnetic tape from somebody,
they thank you and wish you lots of luck.
When it comes to using it, you're on your own.
Not so at Computron. We have a selfish interest in making sure that
Computape gives you a maximum performance in every application. That's
why qualified data recording engineers are available, in every Computron
regional office across the country, to give practical, technical advice and
assistance to Computape users ..
We support Computape users all the way ... and vice versa.
We would like to tell you more about Computape and Computron engineering support. Write today for the full story.
Designate No. 5 on Readers Service Card

A PRODUCT OF COMPUTRON INC.
122 CALVARY ST .. WALTHAM. MASS. 02154

The front cover shows a simulator which
duplicates the operation of an IBM System 360, Model 30
computer console. It is used in the training of
customer engineers. For more information,
see page 43.

SEPTEMBER, 1966 Vol. 15, No.9

editor and publisher
EDMUND C. BERKELEY

associate publisher

In This Issue

Special Feature:
Jobs and Careers in Data Processing
12

PATRICK J. MCGOVERN

MORE TRAINING PROGRAMS NEEDED AT ALL LEVELS TO AVERT PERSONNEL
SHORTAGE
by Fred R. Raach

What industry, government and educational institutions can do to meet
the challenge of the explosion of needs for trained personnel in the data
processing industry
.

assistant editors
MOSES M. BERLIN
LINDA LADD LOVETT
NEIL D. MACDONALD

16

DATA PROCESSING CAREERS DEMAND NEW APPROACHES
by Harold Jarrett

How a user can give technical training to his own selected employees
contributing editors
JOHN BENNETT

20

ADVANCED DATA SYSTEMS FOR PERSONNEL PLANNING AND PLACEMENT
by

ANDREW D. BOOTH

w.

J. Pedicord

An integrated computer-based personnel data system for 115,000 employees, to improve the effectiveness of management of personnel

DICK H. BRANDON
JOHN W. CARR, III
NED CHAPIN
ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER

24

JOBS AND CAREERS IN DATA PROCESSING
by Dick H. Brandon

PETER KUGEL

The extent and diversity of careers and jobs in the field of data processing

ROD E. PACKER

32
advisory committee

TRAINING PERSONS FOR MARKETING DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AND
SERVICES
by Paul F. Smith

The goals and the methods for developing loyal field representatives, who
are professional, versatile, and oriented towards marketing

T. E. CHEATHAM, JR.
JAMES J. CRYAN
RICHARD W. HAMMING
ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER
HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR.

In Every Issue

VICTOR PASCHKIS

across the editor's desk
37

art director

editorial

RAY W. HASS

7

fulfilment manager
WILLIAM J. MCMILLAN, 815 Washington St.
Newtonville, Mass. 02160, 617-DEcatur 2-5453

Chicago 60611, COLE, MASON AND DEMING
737 N. Michigan Ave., 312-SU 7-6558
Los Angeles 90005, WENTWORTH F. GREEN
300 S. Kenmore Ave., 213-DUnkirk 7-8135
San Francisco 94105, A. S. BABCOCK
60S Market St., 415-YUkon 2"3954
Elsewhere, THE PUBLISHER
815 Washington St., 617-DEcatur 2-5453
Newtonville, Mass. 02160

Bootstrapping a Career in the Computer Field

market report
10

Computer Customer Loyalty Study Indicates
Customers to Competitors

IBM,

Univac,

Have Net Loss of

capital report

advertising representatives
New York 10018, BERNARD LANE
37 West 39 St., 212-BRyant 9-7281

COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER

35

by James Titus

throughput
36

by Dick Brandon

reference information
28
50
53

Calendar of Coming Events
Computer Census
New Patents, by Raymond R. Skolnick

index of notices

58

Advertising Index

:~.

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. PRINTED IN U.S.A. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: UNITED
SOc A YEAR FOR POSTAGE; FOREIGN, ADD $3.50 A YEAR FOR POST}'GE. ADDRESS ALL
- " . ' / EDITORIAL AND SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS., 02160. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT BOSTON, MASS.

.~. STATES. $15.00 FOR 1 YEAR, $29.00 FOR 2 YEARS, INCLUDING THE JUNE DIIICTOIY ISSUE; CANADA, ADD

POSTMASTER: PLEASE SEND ALL FORMS 3579 TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160. © COPYRIGHT, 1966, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, .tNC. CHANGE
OF ADDlfSS: IF YOUR ADDRESS CHANGES, PLEASE SEND US BOTH YOUR NEW ADDRESS AND YOUR OLD ADORESS (AS IT APPEARS ON THE MAGAZINE ADDRESS IMPRINT), AND ALLOW THREE WEEKS
FOR THE CHANGE TO BE MADE.

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION, FOR SEPTEMBER, 1966

5

Ever tried
•
programmIng
your future?

Sorry. Not even an IBM computer
can do that yet-there are too many
variables, too many unknowns. The
point is, your future is up to you.
That's why you owe it to yourself
to look at these points:
• IBM is the leader in the major
growth industry-information processing and control.
• Programmers work
hardware designers.

closely

with

• They are continually exposed to all
the aspects of advanced programming.

6

• They have the chance to grow
within the company, to take on new
responsibilities.

tific Systems, Information-Retrieval
Systems, Management Information
Systems, Research.

• They realize all the accompanying.
rewards, both professionally and personally.

The positions require a B.S. or
B.A. degree or equivale'nt, and at
least one year's experience in information handling or programming.

If you're a concerned, go-places
programmer, this data could be an
important factor in your "master program" for the future. Consider these
points of fact. Then consider the
many diversified career opportunities available at IBM's Federal Systems Division in Bethesda, Maryland,
in the areas listed: Real-Time Scien-

To obtain more information about
your future chances with IBM, write,
outlining your experience, to: Mr.
J. E. Martone, Dept. 539W, IBM Corporation, 18100 Frederick Pike, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
It's your future.
An Equal Opportunity Employer(M/F)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

c&a
EDITORIAL

Bootstrapping a Career
in the Computer Field

Much of this issue contains articles and comments on one
of the large questions currently facing the field of computers
and data processing:
How shall we get enough people to man the computers?
One of the important avenues is the very old-fashioned
one: entering the field, and learning as you go along.
For example, many medical doctors are nowadays finding
out that advanced instruments and computers to handle them
are becoming essential to investigations that they want to
do. So they enter the computer field: they learn enough
about a computer and a programming system so that they
can accomplish what they want to do. In business applications, the usual rule is: Take a man who knows the
business and teach him programming and systems - it is
easier than taking a man who knows programming and
systems and teaching him the business. Out of hundreds of
kinds of contacts like these, there comes a flow of people
making careers in the computer field, finding it congenial and
drawn by the opportunities.
I would estimate that by far the largest number of people
with careers in the computer field have entered it informally. Often they have had formal training in other
fields; but when they entered the computer field, they absorbed the necessary information informally as they went
along.
One of the most important, widely used, and effective
methods for gaining a job or a career in data processing is:
FINDING OUT BY YOURSELF
- that is, not in a school, not by means of a course, not in
a class, not through formal instruction or trammg resting
on what a teacher decides, but by picking up information,
reading, asking questions, and studying, all under your own
steam.
Consequently, a very important kind of help that people,
societies, and corporations in the computer field can provide
in order to have more people become computer persons is
to help organize systematic information for efficiently learning about computers by themselves. Already the Data Processing Management Association has established an examination for a Certificate in Data Processing, and a syllabus of
readings for prospective students studying for that examination.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

For example, suppose I want to study the programming
of business problems. It would help me a great deal to know
the half dozen best books to read, the parts I should especially study, and the glossary of key terms that I should surely
learn. Also, since I might have access to a computer at
odd times, I would be glad to know some simple wellselected sample problems to tryon the computer. Thus I
would get a first-hand feel for the speed and the idiocy of
the machine.
Another kind of help that would be highly desirable is a
network of informal tutors. Many people enjoy teaching,
and helping an earnest student. Suppose every student in
the computer field could easily find an associate who knew
more than he did, and who would willingly spend an hour
with him once a week. This informal tutoring would help
him over the obstacles of unanswered questions. It would
also help him to keep his attention on the main track.
A third kind of help would be free access for a serious
student to a computer, to the extent of perhaps an hour a
week. If this were a time-shared computer, an hour of
access might use a minute of computer time, and the cost
would be perhaps $3. Surely many companies and organizat ions could afford to provide free help to serious students to
the extent of $3 a week of computer time for each. The government could help bear the cost of this time at universities,
schools, training centers, etc. A program that actually runs
brings a great surge of satisfaction to the student programmer
and provides proof of understanding.
The computer field would do well to direct some attention to help for serious students who are studying computers
informally and on the side. This would help greatly in
solving the great question:
How shall we find the people to harness the power of
the computer?

~
EDITOR

7

SDS announces
Sigma 2,
a fat·free computer :
designed
for systems.

8

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Sigma 2 is a small, very fast, extremely reliable
real-time computer with highly sophisticated software.
It costs $26,000 with Model 35 Teletypewriter,
paper tape reader and punch, 4 fully buffered
automatic I/O channels, and 4,096 words of core
memory.
Memory is expandable to 65,536 words, all of
which can be directly addressed. Cycle time is
900 nanoseconds.
Sigma 2 does multiprogramming and multiprocessing. It can control a real-time situation in
the foreground while simultaneously performing
a general-purpose job in the background-all with
full memory protection. Re-entrant software
greatly multiplies speed and efficiency. Sigma 2
can change its environment from one program to
another in 4 microseconds.
With 20 input/output channels available,
Sigma 2 can carryon many I/O operations simultaneously and very rapidly - up to 6,000,000 bits
per second. A full word can be read in or out
directly without the use of an I/O channel.
Memory protection is extremely flexible. Under
program control, Sigma 2 can dynamically alter
areas of protection while the machine is running.
It takes only 2 microseconds to change protection
for 4,096 words. Yet it is impossible for a backCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

ground program to gain access to areas of memory
under foreground protection.
Sigma 2 contains about 1/3 as many components as comparable machines. Integrated circuits, modular design and a unique logical
organization make this possible. As a result,
Sigma 2's standard of reliability is far beyond
anything previously known in the industry. Even
its typewriter is the most rugged machine on the
market.
Sigma 2 is designed to handle such critical realtime applications as aerospace and industrial
control, nuclear experimentation, and communications switching and control, and at the same
time do general-purpose computation.
Also, Sigma 2 can serve as a local or remote
satellite to its big brother, Sigma 7. It can use
Sigma 7's memory in addition to its own, and it
can operate all the Sigma 7 peripherals.
Software for Sigma 2 includes Basic Control
Monitor, Basic FORTRAN, SDS FORTRAN
IV, Real-Time Batch Monitor, basic and extended assemblers, and a library of mathematical and utility programs.

Thefirst Sigma 2's
will be delivered (with
software) in 1966.

iii' JIii

Scientific Data Systems, Santa Monica, California
Designate No. 6 on Readers Service Card

9

MARKET
REPORT
COMPUTER CUSTOMER LOYALTY STUDY INDICATES IBM, UNIVAC
HAVE NET LOSS OF CUSTOMERS TO COMPETITORS.

ment of Univac's low cost computer line, the 9000
series. The effect of this new line in helping Univac
boost its retention of current customers is not yet
reflected in the marketplace.

IBM, although it is having success in switching
some computer customers of each of its major competitors to its equipment, is experiencing a net loss
of customers in the process. This was one trend indicated by the results of a computer customer loyalty
study just completed by The International Data Corp.,
Newton, Mass.

Honeywell appears to be the most successful in
wooing away IBM users, capturing 11 of the 32 IBM
users going elsewhere. Most of these switchers currently have IBM 1400 series computers installed, with
H-200's on order.
Control Data has been relatively successful in
capturing orders from current users of competitive
computers. Since most of CDC's computer replacement
sales are for medium- or large-scale computers, the
dollar value of this competitive activity is substantial.

The study examined the brand of computer equipment being ordered by current computer users who
have had at least three years of experience with
their current equipment. The study determined the
number of such customers who were ordering their new
computers from the manufacturer of their current
equipment vs. ordering from a competitor. The complete study covered a random selection of 559 computer
users with new computers on order in the metropolitan
areas of Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, Minneapolis,
New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco.

The study did not cover the ordering preferences
of firms putting their first computer on order.
Firms such as NCR, Honeywell, Burroughs, IBM and
Univac, which offer attractively priced small computer systems stand to benefit most from this new
customer activity. Orders from such first computer
customers account for 15%-20% of the value of the
total computer industry backlog, IDC estimates.
Traditionally, IBM captures over 80% of this new
business.

The results of the study indicate that Univac is
suffering the severest loss of customers at the current time, with 13 of the 21 Univac customers surveyed
switching to IBM equipment, and two to GE equipment.
Most of the switching users were Univac 1004 users,
who have IBM 360/20's or 360/30's on order. However,
these orders were placed prior to the recent announce-

A summary of the results of the study appears
below:

SUMMARY - CUSTOMER LOYALTY PROFILE
(2)

0)
Customers
S'
Wltc h e d f rom
Competi torr.;

(3)

Customers
or d enng New
Product Line
#-

#-

VENDOR

%

Customer
Switched from

Customers

Lost

Customer
Switched to

Competitive
Gain or Loss
of Customers
0)

-

(2)

(2) + (3)

BURROUGHS

3

3 IBM

1

1 IBM

6

29%

CONTROL DATA

5

4 IBM
1 GE

1

1 IBM

1

200%

GE

9

6 IBM
2 UNIV
1 HON

1

1 CDC

8

89%

5

3 IBM
1 GE
1 UNIV

9

43%

396

-3%

11

9%

HONEYWELL

IBM

11

20

11 IBM
1
1
1
3

BUR
CDC
GE
HON

32

1 RCA
13 UNIV

3
4
6
11
1
4
3

BUR
CDC
GE
HON
NCR
RCA
UNIV

NCR

1

1 IBM

0

RCA

4

4 IBM

1

1 IBM

9

30%

4

3 IBM
1 HON

15

13 IBM
2 GE

6

-52%

UNIVAC

10

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19()()

W'ould you believe a
CalComp plotter and any
computer can draw pictures
like these in seconds?
'-r-::J.

-

-

d-

t::::~

v---

r---

==--

-

a perspective sketch of your new plant

molecular structure diagrams

apparel patterns, graded for sizes

and even the Mona Lisa

it can
Call or write Dept. A90, California Computer Products, Inc., 305 Muller, Anaheim, California 92803. Phone (714) 774-9141.

Standard of the Plotting Industry

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Designate No. 7 on Readers Service Card

11

MORE TRAINING PROGRAMS NEEDED AT
ALL LEVELS TO AVERT PERSONNEL SHORTAGE

Fred R. Raach
Vice President and General Manager
Data Processing Division
UNIVAC Div. of SPerry Rand Corp.
Blue Bell) Pa.

"Any person who graduates today from a four-year liberal arts college
without being instructed in the use of computers has been severely
cheated."
- R. Louis Bright

Much has been written about the population explosion in
the world and the possible dire effects on mankind if it
remains unchecked. But another type of explosion is also
taking place about which comparatively little has been heard.
This is an explosion of needs for trained personnel in the
data processing industry; if this great increase in needs is
not dealt with well, it may seriously retard the growth of
our economy.
For example, in the software area alone, requirements for
manpower in 1970 are estimated to be three times the 150,000 analysts, programmers and operating personnel in data
processing today.
The urgency of meeting the demand for EDP personnel
at all levels is rising rapidly not only in the Unit~d States
but also in Europe. Despite the saving in manpower through
technological changes eliminating some routine programming,
the shortage in needs for programmers is expected to be
acute over the next few years.
A rapid growth in manpower needs is also anticipated in
the area of sales and field maintenance in parallel with the
upsurge in computer demand and installations. In the
hardware area, in research and development, in design engineering and manufacturing, the growth in needs is not
expected to be as pronounced. Because of the rapid advances
in technology over the past few years, further breakthroughs
are not expected to arrive as fast as heretofore. But counterbalancing this is the fact that the computer industry is and
will continue to be in severe competition in the recruitment
of engineers with .other so-called "glamor" industries such
as aerospace.
With these needs facing us, what can industry, government,
and educational authorities do to meet the challenge?

Assistance to High Schools
Certainly, an expansion of in-plant training courses, such
as the UNIVAC Division has been engaged in for many

12

years, is indicated. Even more assistance than is presently
being given to local high schools in various parts of the
country could be rendered by industry in setting up training
programs and providing equipment.
To date, the number of computers installed in the nation's high schools is small compared to the great need.
However, many far-seeing educators are well aware of the
problem but severely handicapped by lack of funds. Currently, our educational systems are facing mounting costs
to maintain even their regular curricula. To add EDP
courses, hire instructors and purchase or lease equipment is
out of the question financially for many school districts, already forced to ask almost yearly for boosts in local school
taxes.

Funds
A possible source of funds might be more state and federal
educational grants to the schools to enable them to organize
such courses. In addition, the scope and variety of jobs
available in EDP should be brought to the attention of
teachers, guidance counsellors and even school board members. The U.S. Department of Labor "Occupations in Electronic Computing Systems" publication lists 70 job categories
in the field ranging from Application Engineer to Verifier
Operator.

Regional Computing Centers for Education
Recently Dr. R. Louis Bright, Associate Commissioner for
Research of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare in comments before a meeting of the Association
for Educational Data Systems stated that the impact of the
computer on society has been "vastly underrated." He urged
that all high school and college students be given a course
in the social implications of computers and "what they can
do and what they can't do."
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Stating that the U.S. Office of Education will be "working
hard" in the next two or three years to spread the use of
computers in the nation's schools, Dr.' Bright suggested that
major regional computing centers, possibly under Federal
sponsorship, might be organized. Referring to the need for
college instruction, Dr. Bright remarked that "any person
who graduates today from a four-year liberal arts college
without being instructed in the use of computers has been
severely cheated."

Summer Training Courses
To help fill the instruction void in the high schools, a
number of institutions have organized summer computer
training courses for teenagers. In Philadelphia, the Franklin Institute has conducted an "Introduction to Computers"
course for some eight years in which UNIVAC personnel
have acted as instructors. For six years, the University of
Pennsylvania has had an eight-week cooperative summer
project in computer mathematics for high school pupils and
teachers. This program, sponsored in part by a grant from
the National Science Foundation, includes a basic course in.
desk size digital computers, instruction in abstract algebra,
linear algebra, formal mathematical logic and number theory.
An extension and expansion of these types of summer programs would benefit the training situation and help in
securing a better all-round understanding of what computers
can do.

Systems Analysts
One of the greatest expansions in job opportunities will
come in the need for such technical sales support personnel
as systems analysts. This demand is inevi'table with the rising number of computer installations and the increase in
the number of small businesses now able to afford a computer
system. The systems analyst works closely with the sales
representative, sizes up the work to be done and lays out
the computer's assignment. Other sales support specialists,
including programmers, instructors for customer employees,
and customer service engineers, will also be in heavy demand.
As computer installations increase, the requirement for
field maintenance personnel will keep in step. To provide
for these technicians, in-plant training can be complemented
by an expansion in the courses offered by technical institutes.
Assistance in this area has been made by some companies
organizing Technical Training Centers, open to all, in the
cities where their plants are located.
To deal with what has been described as perhaps the most
critical problem facing the data processing industry during
the next five years, we will need a maximum drive at all
levels to increase training programs in computer technology.
With mobilization of all of our resources, we can conquer
this manpower dilemma and thereby ensure that continued
upward momentum of our economy will not faltet: because
of lack of effort in this area.

College Programs in Computer Science
At the college level, an encouraging start has been made
at some institutions, ·notably Case Institute of Technology, in
organizing undergraduate programs in computer science.
Graduates of these programs can now enter the EDP in.
dustry without the need for long in-plant training courses.
Such an undergraduate program has been prepared by the
Association for Computing Machinery's Curriculum Committee on Computer Science. Composed of educators from
a number of colleges, the Committee has recognized that
although a good deal of computer knowledge can be extended through broadening existing programs, such as mathematics and electrical engineering, a sizeable area of work
does not fit into any existing field. For this reason, the
Committee has advocated that Computer Science become a
distinct field of study.
Greater contact between college educators and industry
executives would also be helpful for a mutual exchange of
information. In the past, this has often been difficult to
achieve because of the crowded calendars of both groups.
However, such meetings, effected perhaps through joint industry-education seminars, would be invaluable.

··..
···......
····.....

•••••••
• ••••••
••
••
• ••••••

...

Types of Training Required
In parallel with the growing needs for personnel, the type
of training required for persons entering careers with the
EDP industry is changing. For example, in the sales area
the kind of equipment being sold today is more complicated
and sophisticated than that offered a decade previously. The
early need for a person in sales with a flair for selling to
which could be superimposed a company training program
has changed. Today a more technically oriented person is
needed. Although the complexity and amount of software
has been growing, many of the programming routines have
become more standardized and compartmentalized resulting
in some cases in a lessening of the educational requirements
once demanded. In any event, a reevaluation of the qualifications required for programming positions might reveal
that industry is in many instances asking for considerably
more knowledge than is needed to perform the work today.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Is programming important at Lockheed Missiles &
Space Company? Consider these facts: scientific programming, on an extremely broad scale, ranges from
deep sea to deep space. Business programming
includes real-time systems for manufacturing and
management information. Programming services are
concentrated in one centralized facility. Degree and
appropriate experience required.
For further information, write K. R. Kiddoo, Professional Placement Manager, Lockheed Missiles &
Space Company, P.O. Box 504, Sunnyvale, California.
An equal opportunity employer. LOCKHEED
MISSILES & SPACE COMPANY

Designate No. 8 on Readers Service Card

13.

I

'

machines that make data move

HOW TO
CoLLECT~

INTEGRATE
AND DISTRIBUTE
DATA
If anyone symbol can represent the
rapid changes of the "sizzling sixties," it's the computer. Data processing has won not only wide acceptance as a vital function of
efficient business operations, but is
growing more sophisti cated with
greater reliance on real-time operations.
In turn, this reliance on real-time
processing has placed renewed emphasis on data communications.
Data must be available quickly for
management to make timely, accurate decisions. And, regardless how
sophisticated your data system may
be, Teletype sets remain the simplest,
most reliable and least costly terminal equipment for collecting, integrating and distributing data.
The integration of communications
within data processing systems has
helped solve many business problems by:
• Assuring management of adequate,
timely information to make accurate decisions,
• Eliminating the costly errors caused
by duplicated paperwork,

14

Designate No. 9 on Readers Service Card

• Speeding distribution by cutting
costly paperwork,
• Reducing customer complaints,
and
• Enabling management to communicate quickly with remote computer centers.
Getting data in time for decisions
Nothing can be as useless to you as
information that arrives too late.
Wrong decisions are made. Production is slowed. Deliveries are late.
Customers are dissatisfied or lost.
Yet, none of these situations need
ever exist.
Using Teletype machines for communications within a data processing
system, assures you of getting information where you need it - when
you need it. You'll be able to make
better informed, more timely decisions that could spell the difference
between profit and loss.
This problem faced a New Jersey
food processor, who had been receiving sales and inventory statistics
by mail from its two branch offices.
By the time these reports were processed, the information was too old
to use in reaching important management decisions. The processor
had Teletype ASR (automatic sendreceive) sets installed. at all three
locations. Now, dciilystatistics are
received in minutes and processed
into up-to-date reports. This reduces
inventory costs and enables the processor to close its books eight days
earlier each month.
Eliminating duplicate paperwork errors How often do errors in order
processing result in .producing the
wrong size or quantity? How often
have prices been misquoted or customers lost due to incorrect shipments? These are typical problems

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

selection of stock on hand. They
have learned that an effective data
communications system eliminates
inventory that stands idle waiting for
slow-moving paperwork. By using
Teletype equipment to link business
machines with existing channels of
communications, they are provided
with instant, accurate data collection, integration, and distribution.
Thus, they can handle a larger volume of business faster with more
efficiency and less error.
Due to the rapid decay of critical \
radioactive pharmaceuticals, a national drug company had a serious
inventory problem. To solve it, the
firm had Teletype machines installed
at all of its 26 branches to provide
the necessary speed, efficiency and
written verification required to plan
production and delivery of these
drugs. Now orders are instantly received by a Teletype set, and prepared, packaged and shipped almost
immediately.
Reducing customer complaints T 0-

day, customer service is often the
deciding factor in who gets the order. Yet, rapid expansion has greatly
strained the capacities of many companies to properly service their customers. This is why computers and
data communications have become
so important in speeding the order
processing, production and shipping
operations. And, regardless of the
distance, Teletype equipment plays
an important role in the gathering
and forwarding of information
needed for fast service.
resulting from errors caused by duplicating data from one department
to another. You can eliminate these
situations with a system that speeds
the handling and processing of data
by including Teletype communications equipment.
Sales order information can be prepared on Teletype machines, reviewed, and transmitted directly to
Teletype receiving sets in other departments. In addition to sending
each department accurate information, Teletype sets can selectively
"edit" this information. Thus, such
data as order numbers can be sent
to all departments, while cost data
is directed only to accounting, billing and management departments.
This is what a metal products manufacturer did to cut order processing
time 75 percent. By using Teletype
ASR sets, minutes after an order
comes in the data is sent to shipping
and production departments-each
receiving only the data it needs. A
few of the resulting benefits include
in-stock items shipped the same day,
'production orders scheduled three

to seven days faster, overtime reduced, and errors greatly reduced.
Many
companies are finding that profits
are being eaten away by high inventory and distribution costs. They often find themselves having to justify
high inventory on the grounds it's
needed to meet fluctuating customer
requirements.

Moving inventory faster

a

Yet, other companies have cut in~
ventory costs while keeping a larger

TELETYPE

'COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Many banks are relying on data communications equipment to improve
the efficiency of their customer services. A midwestern bank uses a
Teletype ASR set to transfer funds,
to notify customers when loan payments are due, to speed transmittal
of correspondence, and for many
other related functions.
Solving your communications prob~
lems There are. many other appli-

cations in which Teletype equipment
. helps improve business operations,
such as using Teletype sets to link
companies to a remote computer
center on a time-sharing basis. You
can see why Teletype equipment is
made for the Bell System and others
who require reliable, low cost communications.
Our brochure, "WHAT DATA COMMUNICATIONS CAN DO FOR
YOU," further explains how an effective data communications system
can cut your costs while building
your profits. To obtain a copy, contact: Teletype Corporation, Dept.
881, 5555 Touhy Avenue, Skokie,
Illinois 60076.

15

DAYA PROCESSING CAREERS
DEMAND NEW APPROACHES

Harold Jarrett
Director, Educational Services
The National Cash Register Company
Dayton, Ohio

"The process of regular retraznzng and continual familiarization with
new developments should never end, and is vital."

In the data processing industry, we have heard the word
"shortage" applied to technically trained personnel over
and over again as if it were a matter of raw numbers. The
implication seems to be that a "shortage" can be filled by
simply luring employees away from· more ordinary jobs.
But this is not the type of shortage faced in the computer
industry today.
The lack of electronic data processing technicians - especially programmers and systems analysts cannot be
solved simply by moving employees around and retraining
them, because the shortage is as much qualitative as quantitative.
In fact, the industry needs more people with experience,
and at the moment, there are just not enough to go around.
Nor can experienced people be created overnight.
For the industry to realize its full growth potential, employers need to look long and hard at their operating
philosophies. If these philosophies can bend to meet the
situation, the picture is less grim. Also, some new techniques
promise significant contributions toward a permanent solution to the problem.

The Training Needed
There are two major areas involved. One is the trammg
, of manufacturers' technical people who install and help program the equipment. The other is 'On-the-job training for
customer's staff, which is also the responsibility of the manufacturer.
In order to get an installation started, our experience with
the medium-scale computer NCR 315 has shown that 5 to
10 people must be trained for each system. We have already trained about 3000 programmers for this system alone,
mostly customer personnel rather than manufacturer employees.

16

How to Find People
In general, our philosophy in training is to seek people
within the customer's organization, and to discourage the
hiring of "computer experts" from outside. The expert from
outside who doesn't know the customer's business is likely
to spend considerably more time in training than the nontechnical person from within. When he finally gets to know
the business, he may job-hop again, to a competitor; after
all, he had no particular loyalty to begin with.
As a first step, we recommend testing the customer's employees for the special aptitudes needed, and we supply the
testing techniques. If the right aptitudes can be found, and
they usually can be found, we think it is much to the user's
advanta?"e to give technical training to these selected people.

Manufacturer's Schools
The company operates a number of different schools for
its customers. For new personnel in the user's computer
room, lessons cover the fundamentals of data processing;
basic concepts, basic logic, applications, flow charting, and
so on. Also, there are the usual courses such as the computer
system, its compiler language, other languages that a customer may want to use, etc.
There are also advanced software schools generally
running about a week in duration - to provide details, for
example, of the programs which NCR supplies as part of its
software packages. Sometimes an advanced session is arranged in which the instructor acts merely as a consultant,
answering questions from the audience. Other sessions are
more formal.
Our most advanced training programs are directed toward
. gaining analytical knowledge in testing, debugging, and
maintaining a library of programs. Th~ lessons also involve
learning computer programs for these techniques. Although
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

these courses are highly recommended, not every user sends
people for them.
At NCR we attempt to provide training on a continuing
basis. At our EDP schools in Dayton and on the east and
west coasts, the programs cover everything from servicing
the equipment to programming and customer services.
Programmed Learning
One great need is speeding up of the initial training. A
new technique that helps is programmed learning. The
methods used in this psychological response system are geared
to high-speed results; in fact, the whole technique is aimed
to speed up the learning process by "reinforcement" of
correct responses.
When learning programs have been put together by professionals, we have found the results to be gratifying. We
expect to use a great deal more of this type of training aid.
For several years, we have been using "reinforced learnina" courses to teach the operation of a complex electronic
ba~1k proof machine, and also to teach programming and
operation for our small computers. The courses are on audio
tape, can be given to a number of trainees at once, cut
training time in half, and have been enthusiastically accepted
hy both customers and trainees.
The key to the success of the reinforced learning courses
- and of any thoroughly debugged, professional programmed
learning method is that the material is presented in
very small amounts, one step at a time, with the individual
trainee selecting the pace. By presenting the correct answer
after each small increment, the new knowledge is "reinforced."
Although the audio reinforced learning method is ideal
for teaching complex subjects to large numbers of people,
it does not lend itself to every training job. We have already
begun to use some printed programmed learning materials
and expect to use this media more extensively in the future.
Other possibilities include courses on video tape, greater
emphasis on regional seminars, and courses presented by
film cartridges.
Teaching Systems Analysis

allow for drop-outs, job switching, and the like, we have
found that the problems of keeping systems and installation
personnel are no different from the problems of keeping
any highly trained group.
Basically, if a man is getting good training, good experience
and regular advancements, he tends to stay on the job.
I t is desirable that users provide regular retraining and
continual familiarization with new developments. The process never ends, and it is vital. In order to retain employees
who have been trained at high cost, management must provide continuing educational opportunity, with no restrictions
on how far an individual can advance.
Orientation of Management
Finally, from the standpoint of a manufacturer of the
equipment, we think that more customers should make sure
that their management has adequate orientation on the computer system. We can help provide this grounding, but obviously only if it is accepted by management.
Management needs to have this knowledge in order to
oversee efficiently the data processing operation. For example, when an EDP supervisor says it will take two months
(or six months) to accomplish a job, management should
be able to understand why - and also to know whether or
not this is a valid answer.

The best place to learn the capacity to deal with real
systems is the job; as in medicine or law, there is no substitute for actual experience. The technical 'employee will alsorealize that he cannot consistently advance his career without
consistently' broadening his knowledge.
One tool which has proved to be of great value for both
NCR and its customers is called BEST (Business Electronic
Systems Technique). BEST is a systems language developed
by NCR that reduces many computer programming efforts
to a fraction of the time formerly required. Basically, BEST
is used as a program generator. A BEST programmer, using
specially coded sheets, uses the language in a highly structured form; operations are performed on a systems level
rather than a micro level. As a result, accurate coding is
assured, and the speed of new program generation is measured in days instead of months.
Anyone with a general knowledge of business systems can
become proficient at BEST by taking an 80-hour course
that we have developed.
How to Keep People
The problem of holding technical people is tied to training. Although the manufacturer is bound to provide at least
initial on-the-job training as well as later tools, maximum
cooperation from the user is essential if the training is to be
effective for the user in the long run,
Although some executives have said, for example, that it
is necessary to train 60% more people than are needed, to
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19§6

Designate No. lOon Readers Service Card

17

·

"

8

PDP·8/5, the $1 0,000 computer•• ~
PDP·S/S: A full, general purpose, digital computer 'or rea' time analysis.
4K core memory (expandable). usec speeds. 66 plus instructions.
Complete, proven software, including. FORTRAN.
Flexible inputloutputJjus. Teletype Included.

•••and the new, big,PDP-$
PDP-9, compact, powerful data processorforon.. line,reai time
applications. 18 bit word. 2 usee add time. 18,000,000
bits/sec I/OtrCinsfer rate. One word direct addressing of
full8K memory. Hardware ready now. Software ready now.

The PDP-9isacomplete, ready-to-use data processor.
Ba~ic hardwar~jncludes the 8K core memory (expand·
able to 32K), a 300 cps paper tape reader, a 50 cps
paper tape punch, a teletype keyboard, Direct Memory
Access channel plus 4 built-in data channels, and a
real-time clock. It is constructed with - and interfaces
with - standard FLlPCHlpTM modules.
Software includes real-time FORTRAN IV, a versatile
macro assembl~r, a 6 and 9 digit floating. point arithme-

ticpa9kage,an on-l.ine editor, an on-line debugging
systelll, 'a control monitor, and a modular 1/0 pro-'
gramrrllng system. Basic software is fully compatible
with the PDP·7., Extended software package expands
to fully utilize aU configurations.
.
Whatthe PDP-9gives you is simply this: more inputs
and more outputs --.: faster, more simply, more effectively-than~nyother machine in its class.
$35,000; First del iveries inti me for, Christmas, 1966.

COMJ?JJTeRS /MODULES

Massachusettion54.~~I~Phon~:(611ls9~.~1.

DIG1T AL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION. Maynard,
Cambridge, Mass.• Washington, D. C;:. Parsippany. N. ,J ...
Rochester, N.Y. • Philadelphia • Huntsville. Orlando. Pittsburgh," Chicago. Denver;. Ann'Arbor," L'Os Angeles .. Palo Alto. Seattle. Carleton Place and Toronto.
Ont. • Reading. England .. Paris, France • Munich and Cologne, Germany. Sydney and West Perth, Australia. Modules distributed also through Allied Radio

ADVANCED DATA SYSTEMS FOR
PERSONNEL PLANNING AND PLACE.MENT

w. J.

Pedicord
Vice President of Personnel
I nternational Business Machines Corporation
Armonk New York
J

(.'W~ile we seek to use all the computer's advantages, our primary ob]ectzve from the first in developing the computerized personnel data
processing system and recruiting program has been respect for the
individual - his goals, his needs, his interests."

Personnel management today has a dual responsibility:
to develop manpower plans which fulfill corporate objectives;
and, within the framework of these plans, to locate most
productively the capacities of both present employees and
job applicants. Since short term corporate needs and
available manpower are both continually changing, effective
decision and action in personnel management depends
critically on the accuracy and timeliness of its information
on both need and manpower.
In a large corporation that is active in an expanding
economy, the balancing of manpower need and supply requires a vast quantity of valid information from many
points in the organization. Traditional manual methods of
recording and retrieving personnel information are particularly inadequate in a corporation that is decentralized, is
experiencing a rapid growth in total employment, and has
a continual demand for a wide variety and depth of skills
in many locations. Computer-based personnel data systems
can significantly improve the effectiveness of personnel management - benefiting both the corporation and the individual - by providing at a single, accessible point, up-to-date
career-oriented information on both present and potential
.
employees.
An integrated PERSONNEL DATA SYSTEM (PDS)
under development for some time in IBM encompasses 115,000 employees in the United States. The corporate PDS
evolved from the more specialized personnel information
systems which are operational in the va~ious divisions. Similarly, a parallel corporate recruiting information system
IRIS (IBM Recruiting Information System) has
been designed to strengthen recruiting activities of all divisions. Both the PDS and IRIS programs have been built
step by step to insure a smooth evolution from decentralized
manual recording and retrieving methods to an integrated
computer-based system spanning the entire corporation.
While we seek to use all the computer's advantages in its
~m~ense data handling capacity and speed, our primary obJectlve from the first in developing both PDS and our
recruiting programs has been respect for the individual his goals, his needs, his interests. Through mechanized
personnel data systems, all management levels of the corpora:ion a:e the~ given the tools to do a better job in
workmg WIth theIr employees. The individual's educational
opportunities, career plans, and family needs can and should

20

be considered in planning the systems.

The First Step: Matching
On a broad scale, the personnel specialist's job is to balance the internal corporate demand for people -in numbers
and in skills with the supply both within and outside the
corporation. On an individual level, he must match a particular man with a particular job. In order to· accomplish
this, Personnel must have immediately at hand enough reliable information on each man in order to evaluate fully
his qualifications against the position's specifications. For
example, available data on an individual at IBM were
formerly more than adequate but were widely distributed in
17 sepa-rate records - such as in personnel files at his own
location, in the Medical Department, in Salary Administration, and in the Education Organization. A traditional
manual system of this type· for recording and retrieving personnel data can result in a large degree of overlap, accompanied by a good 'deal of harmless discrepancy and
~erious error. In one study of personnel records and reports,
It was found, for example, that over 2,000 pieces of personnel information were being maintained but only 145 of
these were unduplicated. In mechanizing a personnel data
system, then, the first step clearly must be to place all data
in a standard format and store all records in an easily accessible form.
Planning for Personnel, and Searching for Them
The PDS now underway at IBM is designed both for
personnel planning and for searching personnel throughout
the corporation for placement. In planning, the system
provides an immediate picture of the corporate population
as it is today and, combined. with other information sources
indicates what must be done in the future. In placement:
the system permits operating management to consider all
logical candidates within the corporation as the first step
in filling a position.
While special data files will continue to be added, there
are presently three basic PDS information files on individual
employees:
1. Basic Personnel Profile
2. Personnel Skills Inventory
3. Educational Objectives and Attainment Data
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Septerr:.ber, 1966

The Basic Personnel Profile contains 80 types of basic data
on each of 115,000 employees. These data include: name,
address, birth date, marital status, number of dependents,
Military Reserve status, when first employed, where located
in the corporation, salary, and highest educational level
achieved. Besides maintaining the Basic Personnel Profile,
each of the more than 200 branch offices, 17 laboratories,
and 21 plants in the corporation may also maintain additional computerized personnel records of their own employees, as do the various division headquarters. In general,
the amount of profile information increases at the division
and location. For example, at the division level we might
record a man's patent activity, while his participation in
local professional societies may be important only at his
particular location. Changes in the Basic Personnel Profile
are now made on a monthly basis through our Integrated
Teleprocessing System (ITPS). Changes are transmitted to
Corporate Headquarters over wire from 24 major IBM locations. Ultimately, the Profile information on an employee
will be updated on a real time basis.
The Personnel Skills Inventory records all the careeroriented skills of each employee. These skills are first separated under major groupings: (1) engineering, technical,
scientific, (2) marketing, planning, and systems analyst,
(3) administrative and staff, (4) manufacturing service and
support. Language proficiency and experience with specialized instruments and machines are recorded. Another section
is devoted to the specific IBM products that he is familiar
with or has worked on. Of his various skills, a man is also
asked which arc his specialties and what are his preferences.
The Educational Objectives and Attainments file is concerned with the man's formal education, planned and in
the past. Thus, is he working towards a Master's degree,
Ph.D., or a trade school certificate, and in what area? What
has he already achieved - what degrees has he received,
when and at what schools?

indexed. In addition, letters and memoranda which interpret
personnel policy are also being recorded and indexed fOl
easy retrieval through computer equipment.
The Personnel Profile, Skills Inventory, and Education
files in Corporate PDS can be drawn on for a wide variety
of data needed in pf'rsonncl planning. Personnel specialists
arc able to specify information format and content and
receive hard copy print-outs at five IBM 1050 data terminals
located at Corporate Headquarters. A terminal information
handbook instructs, the user on terminal olwration and indicates how he ca~' 're,quest a desired information format.
In this manner, a ternlinal rdrieval program permits the
user to draw on any information in all files in the PDS, as
long as his security code gives him free access to that in-.
formation.

Auditing and Validating Data

Reports that Use the Information

One of the major values of PDS has been in providing
the capacity to audit data directly. For example, as happens
in developing infon:nation systems for any management area,
there were many errors in the original data. While most of
these errors were caught before the original information was
recorded in the Personnel Profile file, a great deal has been
corrected since, either by being pinpointed on the computer
(which can detect, for example, that Seattle is not in the
Eastern Regional area), or by human review (is a man
likely to have graduated from college at the age of eight?).

In addition to special planning projects, a number of
scheduled reports are produced each month by the computer
on such subjects as corporate strength (number and location of employees) and analysis of positions and salaries.
One of the most important regular monthly reports used in
planning is the "Monthly Manpower Transaction Report,"
which relates a divsion's current manpower status with its
formal objectives. While such analyses are made by each
division's own personnel staff and the necessary decisions
are made at the divisional level, these reports are helpful
in pinpointing possible interdivisional imbalances which
may become corporate problems.

The overall PDS has been designed and the computer
programs developed so that these files can be added to as
the need arises. For example, accounting records have. always maintained a 7-digit number code for each person.
This code has now been added to the profile for each employee so that both Personnel and Accounting can perform
the same types of analyses.
Maintaining Consistent Procedures

Although not concerned with individual employees, a
computerized personnel policy file is now being constructed
which will be extremely useful in maintaining consistent
personnel procedures in all areas and in readily providing
information for general personnel management. Presently,
company policy documents are being stored on tape and
can be retrieved according to a key word index on subject
title. Thus, all policy documents related to a given subject
can be retrieved and reviewed within minutes. While the
key word index presently covers only the title and sub-title
of the policy, statements within documents are now being
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Scptember,1966

Planning that Uses the Information

The scope of planning projects that draw on PDS information, of course, varies widely. A corporate population
study might be concerned specifically with employee exposure
to draft and military reserve call. Therefore, the computer
would be required to print out summaries of employees who
arc affected. Combined with other data, Personnel and top
management arc then able to make the necessary decisions
on the basis of up-to-date information.
The loss of manpower due to retirement and other forms
of attrition can also be observed. With this information, Personnel can indicate to the computer work load requirements
in the future so that the number of positions that must be
filled can be determined.
Other recent personnel planning projects which have
drawn on both PDS and other sources of information include a five-year projection of the corporation's need for
personnel in the areas of engineering, mathematics, and
physical sciences for various rates of growth.

Searches for Placing People

Most searches of personnel data for placement purposes
occur at the location and division levels. The corporation
recognizes that promotional opportunities should be available
to all employees; searches normally begin at the location
level, then to the division, and finally to corporate. Whenever a qualified candidate can be found at the location or
division level, there is usually no need to search the corporate-wide PDS file. For this reason, today much of placement searching at the corporate level is for unusual or highly
specialized positions which cannot be filled within a division.
Since the three basic information files can be combined
internally in the PDS, Corporate Personnel can specify very
closely a wide variety of Profile, Skill Inventory, and Education qualifications. The search procedure is designed in
general to pinpoint several car;tdidates for each. position
(rather than the ideal one) so as to leave the final
selection
"l
t'

21

to human judgment. When a location or division makes a
request for search, printouts of appropriate data of the \
computer selected candidates are forwarded to the location.
The PDS terminals at Corporate Headquarters are available for the use of other staff functions than the Personnel
Department. As a matter of fact, the parameters of the
original PDS data base were first reviewed by all staffs. It is
planned that Type 1050 terminals will also be available at
30 major locations in the corporation in 1967. These terminals will first be used for retrieval of information from
PDS files and later, as the necessary computer programs are
developed, personnel data can be updated on a real time
basis. Security codes will be assigned both at Corporate
Headquarters and for all other users of data terminals on a
definite "need~to-'kriow 'oasis." Even today, without terminals
outside Corporate Headquarters, firm agreements have been
established among all Personnel Departments covering ground
rules for searching position candidates in other plants and
locations.

Searches Outside the Corporation

People recorded data on it. It was full of holes that were hard to
make and even harder to read. Small wonder that it went the
way of high-button shoes and nickel beer.
Incremental magnetic recording directly in computer compatible format is the modern way.
KENNEDY INCREMENTAL RECORDERS are far more
Reliable

Speedy

Almost no moving parts
instead of complicated
cams, punches and clutches
Asynchronous writing rates to
500 characters per second

Compact

Silent
Compatible

One foot of magnetic tape
equals 20 feet of paper tape
at 200 BPI; more at 556 BPI
No noisy mechanism
Tapes produced may be read on
any IBM compatible transport

Economical

No conversion required
Re-usable tape
Minimum maintenance
Models are available for every requirement, reading as well as
writing. Look to Kennedy to provide the incremental recording
equipment to modernize your data system.
Send for our Short-Form Catalog for a full description of our
complete line of recorders.

MODEL OS 370

MODEL 1400

See us at Wescon '66
Booth 152
Hollywood Park

MODEL 1500

MODEL 2200

enne dy Co.

~

275 N. Halstead Ave., Pasadena, Calif. 91109

(213) 681·9314

Designate No. 12 on Readers Service Card

22

In addition to optimum placement of .its present employees,
a growing industrial organization by definition has a continuing need for additional manpower from those who are
already in or who are just entering industry. An experienced
professional, either on his own or in response to recruiting
activity, may be expected to apply for a position at a particular location at a particular time. If he is not immediately
hired at that location, it can happen that his application is
filed and perhaps forgotten, going no further in the corporation. In addition to efforts to increase the number of well
qualified professional applicants, it is Personnel's responsibility to see that each applicant's qualifications are available
throughout the corporation at the time he applies and for
some time afterwards.
IRIS - the IBM Recruitment Information System - is a
computer program in which information on the job qualifications of applicants is stored and retrieved. The main
component of IRIS is an application form, the IRIS DataPak, which is included in an explanatory brochure designed
to assist in the recruitment of experienced professionals, the
IRIS application form covers enough information on the applicant's qualifications for a particular job. In response to
an ad explaining IRIS, the applicant fills out and sends the
Data-Pak to Corporate Personnel. The information is key
punched and stored in the disk files of a computer.
When a location must fill a position from outside the corporation, an IRIS job requisition is made out on a form
designed for transmittal through the teleprocessing system to
the Corporate Personnel Department. The IRIS file is
searched by the computer and a list of applicants filling
the indicated qualification - names and pertinent .experience data -is printed out. The printout and copies of
each person's original IRIS application form are then
forwarded to the location for consideration.
As in searching within the corporation in the PDS, IRIS
benefits both the corporation and the individual applicant.
For a period of two years, the applicant knows that his
qualifications will not be overlooked at any point in the
corporation. To the corporation, an experienced applicant
will not be lost because his qualifications are not known
elsewhere in the organization at a time when an ap'propriate
position opens up.
In summary, a personnel data system benefits the corporation to the degree that the mechanization of recording and
retrieving information enhances management's recognition
of its responsibility to the individual. Managers throughout
the corporation are thus given better tools in personnel
planning and placement, but the ultimate actions and decisions are theirs.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

T

Sometimes
we worry about
Jim
becoming
a Narcissist.
It all started with Celanar Polyester Film.
We go to extremes to make it the cleanest,
clearest, smoothest film available to precision tape manufacturers. Then challenge
Jim, and our quality control experts, to find
a flaw in it. But stare as he may, it's a rare
day when Jim finds a wrinkle, cross-buckle
or other visual defect to mar his own reflection on a roll of Celanar. Which is enough
to turn anyone into a narcissist.
The cleanliness of Celanar starts in our
"White Room" production area at Greer,
S.C., where air filtration systems trap dirt
specks as tiny as 0.3 micron. This emphasis
on cleanliness makes Celanar film a better
base for computer and instrumentation
tapes. It's one reason why Celanar gives
higher production yields in film conversion.
Of course, clean just begins to describe

Celanar. It's more uniform than the other
polyester film. We assure its gauge uniformity by radioactively inspecting every
foot of every roll before it's shipped. Celanar
is also stronger-in both tensile break and
tensile yield strengths. And we go a long
way to supply it in the roll lengths, widths
and gauges most convenient to manufacturers. Even guard it during shipment with
temperature recording flags. Or impact
recorders, when necessary.
Send for complete details about Celanar
Polyester Film-and how we can help you
make the best use of it. Celanese Plastics
Company, Dept. 122- S. 744
Broad Street, Newark, N. J.

e.
c

Celanese Plastics Company is adivision
of Celanese Corporation of America.
Celanese® Celanar®

Designate No. 13 on Readers

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Servic~

CELANESE
Card,

23

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INTERVIEW IN YOUR AREA ·~~:c::.::.::'-'l ,." I. ,':0-"( '? r •• PI An equal.opportunity employer
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personal data.educaflo?,CI".~,.e~c.~~~7~~~:~xEUeQpUSb~N~rcn~'f;'~NE~h0 W
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JOBS AND CAREERS
IN DATA PROCESSING

Dick H. Brandon
Brandon Applied Systems, Inc.
New York, N.Y. 10017

An inventory of functions and positions zn data processing installations
and services.

" HELP WANTED" advertisements such as those shown
here are typical of those to be found every day in the n~­
tion's major metropolitan newspapers. The same call IS
echoed loudly in the many professional, trade, and business
publications. It's obvious that the bright young man who
would pursue a career in data processing has just a~~ut
everything going his way. Jobs and career opportumties
abound.
Because the field is growing, because there is a shortage
of qualified people to man data processing installations, and
because employers want those they want now, there is a
real scramble for available talent. Salaries are at premium
levels. A data processing manager can ask and get $20,000
a year. Salaries of analysts vary from $12,000 to $15,000.
Even programmers' salaries range from $9,000 to $12,000.
Between now and 1970 the numb,er of electronic computers in use in the United States will nearly double, from
some 28,000 to more than 55,000. By 1970 an additional
130,000 systems analysts, about 100,000 more programmers,
and 55,000 managers and supervisors will be needed to
provide the specialized sort of computer-based data processing systems required (See Table 1). And we have not yet
mentioned such other jobs as console operators, unit record
equipment operators, keypunch supervisors, librarians, and
control derks, to name but a few.

24

The Functional Point of View
Data processing is a technical operation. It requires highly
trained, technically comp~tent, and in some cases, c.reati.ve
people. Perhaps an appreciation of the extent and dIversity
of careers and jobs in data processing can best be gained
by looking first at this complex new management tool from
the functional views of planning, operations, and management, and then relating these three basic functions to the
jobs to be performed.

Planning
Planning is a major part of the actIvItIes of a new data
processing organization and of many established ones. It
covers those functions concerned with establishing a data
processing capability and selecting, designing, arid preparing
programs for new data processing applications.
Installation Planning Organizing and scheduling personnel and mechanical resources into an effective plan for
establishing or changing a data processing activity requires
all tasks to be carefully scheduled. Installation planning
covers budgeting, developing performance standards, and
planning for recruiting, selection, and training of personnel.
Application Selection - Selecting and defining those data
processing applications which will fulfill the objectives of
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

,

Table I
Estimated Personnel Requirements for
U. S. Data Processing Technicians *
Managers and
Supervisors

Systems
Analysts

Programmers

Machine
Operators

July 1966 Requirement
(28,000 Digital GP Computers)

40,000

95,000

175,000

80,000

1966 Availability of QUalified
Personnel

30,000

60,000

120,000

80,000

3.

1966 Shortage

10,000

35,000

55,000

0

4.

1970 Requirement
(55,000 Digital GP Computers)

85,000

190,000

220,000

150,000

1970 Training Needs, (4)-(2)

55,000

130,000

100,000

70,000

l.

2.

5.

*This excludes peripheral functions such as software development, hardware and software
research, software maintenance, consulting and independent service companies, and the
like.
Source:

Brandon Applied Systems, Inc.

the company and of the data processing activity requires
that the needs and the objectives of the company be review'ed and analyzed in detail.
Systems Analysis and Design - This function produces
the optimum solution to application needs: the most economical solution consistent with management and operating
objectives, equipment capabilities, and personnel resources.
Programming - Programming is translating defined systems requirements and procedures into a logical process and
then into a set of instructions for its operation on data
processing equipment.
Testing - Testing determines the success of the program
in meeting the defined systems requirements and procedures
and of the total system in meeting the objectives of the
application. Testing methods must be designed that will
thoroughly try the new system.
Documentation - It is essential to reduce the system and
programs to standardized written form for use in system
and program modification, training, and machine operation.
Conversion - The controlled transition from an old system to a new one involves extremely careful planning of
the conversion steps and equally careful supervision of their
execution.

Operations
The "operations" group of data processing functions includes the activities of day-to-day operation of established
systems: machine operation, input preparation, input/output
control, maintenance of record libraries, and program maintenance.
Machine Operation - The actual loading, unloading, setup and control of the equipment that makes up a data
processing installation may involve one or more computers,
a variety of data file equipment, a variety of unit record
equipment, and teleprocessing equipment.
Input Preparation - The objectives here are to prepare
accurate, properly coded input data as prescribed by the
system, and according to schedules.
I n put / Out put Control - This involves keeping records of
documents received and transmitted, working with operating
departments to assure that information to be processed is
timely, routing work according to procedures, and controlling
data processing supplies and inventories.
Maintenance of Record Libraries - The library contains
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

all data files, programs, documentation, and operating records and reports. These records must be controlled on an
item basis, and detailed control records maintained throughout.
Program Maintenance - This requires making relatively
minor changes in operating programs, solving program operating problems, adapting to scheduling changes, and correcting errors in programs found after they go into operations.

Management
Data processing includes the many management functions
of an operating organization; supervision and administration,
repurting, long-range planning and project control, maintenance of standards, and liaison. In data processing, however,
these functions have some rather unusual features.
Supervision and Administration Administrative functions in a data processing organization are ordinarily much
lower than is indicated by the budget being administered.
Supervision, however, usually is quite complex and highly
technical. A combination of rigid, detailed operations and
creative development work must often be simultaneously
supervised. Also, supervision of data processing is no easy
task without thorough knowledge of the technical details
and skills.
Reporting - The reporting function is an important part
of any manager's job. In data processing, however, there
are two special problems: (1) translating technical measures of progress and performance into commonly understood standards; and (2) continual reporting on planning
and on proj ect performance.
Long-Range Planning and Project Control - In the early
stages of a data processing organization, planning, project
organization, and project control are the almost exclusive
occupation of management. And it is the unusual data
processing unit in which such planning does not continue to
occupy an important part of the manager's time. Longrange plans are typically subject to periodic, often major,
reVISIOns. Data processing management must keep continuously abreast of new developments in equipment and
techniques, to see how these may alter planning.
Maintenance of Standards - The establishment of stan-

25

dards and the maintenance of high quality require constant
attention to: recruiting qualified personnel, training new
employees and updating the old, developing quantity and
quality evaluation systems, developing job descriptions, and
,constantly reviewing individual and group performance.
Liaison - The unusual position of the data processing
activity within the larger organization - half service, half
operating - greatly heightens the importance of the liaison
function at the management level. The data processing manager is faced with particularly difficult relationships - he is
often in the position of sharing in decisions that do not relate
directly to his own department.

The Critical Functions
In a situation that will extend into the 1970s, by far the
most intensive searches ,for qualified personnel in data processing are concentrated in the technical areas of planning
and management, as defined earlier (See Table I). Within
these areas, the greatest number of position vacancies are
for data processing managers, systems analysts, and programmers. Recruiting and training operating personnel offers no
real problem.
Why is this? There are several reasons; the most obvious
is simply that the growth of data processing has been so
rapid that it has outpaced personnel supplies and capabilities.
Contributing to the problem is the fact that these particular
positions demand persons possessing special prerequisite skills
and such traits as imagination, initiative, and motivation.
They must undergo specific long-term (more than six
months) training as well (See Table II). By contrast, an
operator requires but five weeks of training and no great
educational or environmental prerequisites.

Recruiting and Training
One of the significant problems in recruitment is determining who has the prerequisites. How does one measure
imagination, initiative, motivation? The answer is that one
cannot. So recruiters tend to recruit from among those
limited numbers of persons who have already proven records
as systems analysts and programmers. The effect of much
competition has been to raise salaries to their present high
level. And there are no signs of stabilization.
In training, a problem of great significance exists in the
long lead time required for systems analysts and the fact
that there are no true systems analysis training courses. This
means that most analysts currently practicing in industry
have actually been given training only as programmers.
(See Throughput, September 1966) It is not uncommon
to find an organization promoting its most qualified programmers to systems analysts without regard for their capabilities as such. This may have the result of creating poor

systems analysts and eliminating g~d programmers. Since,
however, no definitive systems analysis training is available,
it is fairly difficult to use any other approach at this time.

Managers
A number of data processing management pOSItIOns must
be filled with people skilled in the techniques of management as well as the techniques of data processing. A major
deficiency in this area to date has been the practice of
creating supervisors and managers by taking the most competent technician and making him the manager' of his skill
group. Unfortunately, a good technician is not always a
good manager. The manager requires significant training
in the management skills: administration, planning, control,
supervision. It is probably better to take a skilled manager
and teach him the basic techniques of data processing than
to take a skilled technician and teach him the techniques of
management.

Positions and Duties
Exact job titles and duties are closely related to the size
of the data processing activity, the class of installation, the
kind of company, and other factors. It is possible, however,
to translate from the functions defined earlier to five groups
of jobs: ( 1) clerical and administrative, (2) machine operation, (3) programming, (4) systems analysis, and (5)
management.
In the order listed, an employee in a position in one level
need not be qualified to perform the duties of a position in
one of the higher levels. Conversely, a person holding a
job in one of the higher levels may be assumed to be
qualified to perform any of the lower-ranked jobs, or to
know thoroughly what goes on in any of thos 7 jobs.

Clerical and Administrative
These positions are generally concerned with input and
control and record maintenance; operating functions in data
processing.
Librarian - Issues and stores data files and other records
of the installation.
Control Clerks - Responsible for the integrity of all data
received, processed, and dispatched from the data processing
department. He performs such activities as batch reconciliation, checking the validity of data, zero balancing, and
other control activities specified by the application.
Scheduler and Dispatcher Coordinates the input requirements of production programs, the output requirements
of the user department, and the processing capabilities of
the data processing equipment; dispatches output to its ultimate users. This is one of the few clerical positin,,<; requiring technical operations experience.

The
Problem
Machine
System

Flow of The System Development Process

26

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Table II
Data Processing Personnel Prerequisites
Systems Analyst

Operator

Programmer

1.

Educational
Requirements:

_Bachelor's degree in any
applied or analytical
science, or the euivalent

-High school diploma, or
equivalent. (Scientific
programmer will require
2 years of college math.)

-High school diploma, or
equivalent.

2.

Prerequisite
Characteristics:

_Imagination;
_Some understanding of logic;
-Organizational ability;
-High degree of initiative;
-Communication skills

-Logical aptitude (as indictated by various aptitude tests.)
-Reasonable motivation
or initiative
-Limited writing ability

- Average intelligence
- Manual dexterity

3.

Eligibility:

Possibly 1 in 25
working individuals

1 in 12 (1 in 10 pass test)
working individuals

1 of every 2 working
ir.dividuals

4.

Desirable Formal
Training:

20 weeks

8-10 weeks

1 week

5.

Desirable On-The- 12-15 months
Job Training:

6-12 months

4 weeks

6.

Available Formal
Training:

5-6 weeks

1 week

7.

Desirable
Training
Concepts:

2 weeks
- Basic business skills
_Data gathering techniques
- Documentation analysis
-File management concepts
- Data analysis
- Hardware
- Basic programming
- Computer applications
_ Advanced concepts of systems technology (PERT,
Decision Logic Tables,
Data Communications,
Operations Research)

Clerk - Performs miscellaneous document and data handling tasks required for a smooth work flow between machine processing steps.
Burster Operator - Deletes carbons, strips margins, and
separates continuous forms as part of final processing of
output reports.

Machine Operations
Jobs in this category are concerned with the operation of
data processing equipment. (Keypunch operators are included here, but they are, in some cases, considered as
clerical employees.)
Keypunch Operator - Converts source documents into
machine acceptable form, typically key punching from handwritten or typed forms. Occasionally operates a paper tapeto-card converter.
Console Operator - Operates the computer system, including entry of variable data through the console keyboard;
initializes and loads programs, monitors programs during
execution, and records equipment use.
Peripheral Equipment Operator - Operates equipment
in support of the main processing configuration for such
purposes as converting card to tape, loading and editing,
tape-to-printer report preparation, and paper-tape conversion.
Punched Card Equipment Operator Operates unit
record equipment.
File Handler - Obtains and returns tape reels, discs and
data cells; mounts and dismounts files on the proper drives
assigned by program specifications and directed by console
operator; maintains work and master files.

Programming
Programming positions occur both in the planning and
operating functions. Positions are described in ascending
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

- Logical analysis
- Language coding
-Testing techniques
- Documentation skills
and requirements
-Installation standards
- Controls and checking

- Normal operating
procedures
- Exception procedures
- Emergency procedures
- Data file protection

order of difficulty and qualifications required.
Wiring Technician - Wires and tests control panels; defines external control switches and selectors for unit record
equipment.
Coder - Converts detailed logical descriptions into program instructions as specified by the program specifications.
Maintenance Programmer - Codes and tests revisions to
production programs, needed to maintain operations.
Programmer - Designs and tests program logic; selects
subroutines and other software aids for use in the program.
Utility Programmer- Develops subroutines and special
software. Develops programming techniques and trains the
programming staff in use of these programming aids.

Systems Analysis
Positions in this group are primarily concerned with the
planning of new applications. While the general title "systems analyst" or "systems designer" is normally used for
most levels, job titles occasionally become specific.
Research Analyst - Investigates and reviews operations
identified as suitable for data processing.
Forms Designer Designs, coordinates, and controls
the use and circulation of all company forms.
Procedures Analyst ;Develops improved clerical and
manual office procedures.
Methods Analyst Designs systems and their implementation; plans, controls and coordinates conversion to
new systems.
Systems Consultant
Supplies technical assistance and
direction with specific emphasis on problem identification,
organization analysis, conversion planning, forms control
and analysis, and reports control.

(Please turn. page )

27

CALENDAR
OF

COMING
EVENTS

Aug. 30-Sept. 1, 1966: National ACM Conference, Ambassador
Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif.; contact S. F. Needham, Exhibits
Chairman, National ACM Conference, P.O. Box 90698, Airport Station, Los Angeles, Calif. 90009
Sept. 6, 1966: South African Council for Automation and
Computation, Johannesburg, South Africa; contact Dr. A.
Lutsch, C.S.I.R., Pretoria, South Africa
Sept. 7-9, 1966: The Computer Society of South Africa Limited, Johannesburg, South Africa; contact E. S. Russell, P.O.
Box 7018, Johannesburg, South Africa
Sept. 26-28, 1966: International Systems Meeting, Systems
and Procedures Association, Ql!een Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal, Canada; contact Richard B. McCaffrey, Systems and
Procedures Association, 7890 Brookside Drive, Cleveland,
Ohio 44138
Oct. 3-7, 1966: American Documentation Institute Annual
Meeting, Santa Monica, Calif.; contact Jules Mersel, Informatics, Inc., 5430 Van Nuys Blvd., Sherman Oaks, Cali£.
91401
Oct. 5-7, 1966: Allerton Conference on Circuit and System
Theory, Conference Center, University of Illinois, Monticello,
Ill.; contact Prof. W. R. Perkins, Dept. of Elec. Engrg.,
Univ. of Ill., Urbana, Ill.
Oct. 17-21, 1966: Business Equipment Exposition/Conference,
Business Equipment Manufacturers Assoc., McCormick Place,
Chicago, Ill.; contact George L. Fischer, Jr., BEMA, 235
East 42 St., New York 17, N.Y.
Oct. 18-20, 1966: Seventh National Symposium of the Society
for Information Display, "Information Display as an Emerging Discipline," Hotel Bradford, Boston, Mass. ; contact
Glenn E. Whitham, General Chairman, Box 413, Wayland,
Mass. 01778
Oct. 19-21, 1966: CUBE ( Cooperating Users of Burroughs
Equipment) Fall Meeting, Prom Town House Motor Inn,
Omaha, Nebr.; contact William Macomber, Boston Insurance
Group, 87 Kilby St., Boston, Mass.
Oct. 24-26, 1966: International Symposium on Microelectronics, Munich Fair and Exhibition Grounds, Munich, Germany; contact INEA - Internationaler Elektronik-Arbeitskreis e. V., 8000 Munchen 12, Theresienhohe 15, Germany.
Oct. 24-27, 1966: Annual Instrument Society of America
(ISA) Conference & Exhibit, New York Coliseum, New
York, N.Y.; contact Daniel R. Stearn, Public Relations Mgr.,
Instrument Society of America, 530 William Penn Place,
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219
Oct. 25-28, 1966: Data Processing Management Association
Fall International Conference, Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel,
Los Angeles, Calif.; contact Mrs. M. Rafferty, DPMA, 505
Busse Highway, Park Ridge; Ill. 60068
Oct. 31-Nov. 1-3, 1966: Annual Meeting of UAIDE (Users of
Automatic Information Display Equipment), Vacation Village Hotel, West Mission Bay, San Diego, Calif.; contact
Marvin J. Kaitz, Dept. 200-312, Space and Information Systems Div., North American Aviation, 12214 Lakewood Blvd.,
Downey, Calif. 90241
Nov. 8-10, 1966: Fall Joint Computer Conference, Brooks
Hall, Civic Center, San Francisco, Calif.; contact R. George
Glaser, General Chairm-an, Suite 1060, 100 California St.,
San Francisco, Calif. 94111.
Nov. 15-18, 1966: GUIDE International, Americana Hotel,
Miami Beach, Fla.; contact Lois E. Mechan, Secretary,
GUIDE International, c/o United Services Automobile
Assoc., 4119 Broadway, San Antonio, Texas 78215

28

Nov. 17-18, 1966: Southwest Conference on Computers in
Humanistic Research, Texas A&M Univ., College Station,
Tex.; contact Milton A. Huggett, Center for Computer Research in the Humanities, College Station, Tex.
Nov. 28-30, 1966: COMMON User Group (formerly 1620
User Group), Jung Hotel, New Orleans, La.; contact
Wiltz P. Champagne, c/o Computing Center, University of
Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, La.
Mar., 1967: Fifth Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and
Computer Science in the Life Sciences, Shamrock Hilton
Hotel, Houston, Texas; contact Office of the Dean, Division
of Continuing Education, the University of Texas Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, 102 Jesse Jones Library Bldg.,
Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025
April 18-20, 1967: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Chalfonte-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, N.J.; contact AFIPS
Hdqs., 211 East 43 St., New York, N.Y. 10017
May 9-11, 1967: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Convention Center, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact AFIPS Headquarters,
211 E. 43rd St., New York, N.Y. 10017
May 18-19, 1967: 10th Midwest Symposium on Circuit Theory,
Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.
June 28-30, 1967: 1967 Joint Automatic Control Conference,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Lewis
Winner, 152 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036
Aug. 29-31, 1967: 1967 ACM (Association for Computing
Machinery) National Conference, Twentieth Anniversary,
Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.; contact Thomas
Willette, P.O. Box 6, Annandale, Va. 22003
Sept. 11-15, 1967: 1967 International Symposium on Information Theory, Athens, Greece; contact A. V. Balakrishnan,
Dept. of Engineering, U .C.L.A., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024
Aug. 5-10, 1968: IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing) Congress 68, Edinburgh, Scotland; contact
John Fowlers & Partners, Ltd., Grand Buildings, Trafalgar
Square, London, W.C. 2., England

Brandon - Jobs
Management
Manager of Data Processing - Responsible for planning,
development, aI)-d operation of applications and programs
to meet needs.
Manager of Operations - Responsible for the operation
and scheduled use of data processing equipment.
Programming Manage.r Responsible for, planning,
scheduling, and supervising program development and
maintenance work.
Control Supervisor - Responsible for input preparation,
job scheduling, data control, and output control.
Unit Record Supe.rvisor - Responsible for the operation
and scheduled use of unit record equipment.
Computer SUjJervisor Responsible for the operation
and scheduled use of computer and peripheral devices.
Manager of Systems Analysis - Responsible for planning,
scheduling, and supervising systems analysis and design
activities.
Keypunch Supervisor Responsible for input preparation using keypunch and key verification equipment.
Certain management functions are sometimes delegated
to "staff" job titles.
Standards Controller - Develops and audits the use of
standards in programming, data control, systems analysis,and operating procedures.
Training Specialist - Develops and conducts educational
programs dealing in data processing, and guides the technical training of new and promoted employees.
Advanced Planner Reviews and evaluates new development in the data processing field and coordinates the
forward planning of the data processing department with
the corporate forward planning effort.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

•

•

"My mother used to tell me
that data processing was good
·clean work for a young girl.
She didn't know about the strip.
I'll never forget that first day
... I pointed to a thin sliver of
paper that connected one
continuous form to another and
someone shouted "Take it off!"
That was just the beginning.
Suddenly I realized that thin
paper stri p ran between every
single business card form in the
place. Thousands of them ...
piled up on the floor, stuffed in
the baskets ... it was a.mess.
I had no choice. I developed my routine: Empty
the trash cans, scoop up
the, stri ps, brush off my

clothing ... complain to
our office manager. But it
was all in vain until I
mentioned money ... how
much of it was lost in

(Candid photo, 1964, shows Miss
M
doing her routine.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

shipping, storing and processing
those skinny little strips.
In the long run my routine was
costing them plenty. They
knew it was time for a change,
and that's when Formscards
entered my life. What a job
they did! And without a single
medial strip to clutter up the
works (My boss said no other
tab cards come clean that way).
Now everybody's happy. My
routine is over for good, and I
can't say that I miss it. Thank
you, Formscards, you sure
got me out of a mess!"
For the complete Formscard
story call or write:
Forms, Inc., Willow Grove, Pa.,
(215) OL 9-4000 III 9-6300.

Designate No. 14 on Readers Service Card

29

. . . . .1

SYSTEM/360 passed Mobil's computer economy run ...
Twelve IBM SYSTEM/360's are
saving money for Mobil Oil
Corporation ... and helping them
improve customer service, too.
Their third SYSTEM/360 is a
good example.
It is a Model 30 that went in last
March at the regional credit card
center in Kansas City. In just two
weeks it was out-performing a more
expensive IBM 1460.
What the 1460 did in 20 hours, the
SYSTEM/360 was doing in 17-using
the same programs. With the time
saved, Mobil can do more jobs. Like

the two daily reports for the traffic
department. They help get more
productive mileage from 3,400 tank
cars-and help save $100,000
a year in the process.
What about Mobil's other
SYSTEM /360's?
Well, the Model 40 at corporate
headquarters uses existing programs
to do payrolls and sales reports and
to speed data into and out of three
other computers.
It processes a variety of new
programs as well. In its spare time,
it's being used to test programs

at 15,000 bills per hour.

for a much larger SYSTEM /360.
So far Mobil has SYSTEM / 360's in
Tokyo, Dallas, Los Angeles, Melbourne
and eight other locations. By the end
of 1967, many more will be installed.
A couple of thousand companies in
every type of business have, like
Mobil, discovered that SYSTEM / 360
works hard, long and fast.
It's like we've been saying all
along: SYSTEM / 360 is the computer
with a future.

IBM.

TRAINING PERSONS FOR MARKETING DATA
PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES

Paul F. Smith
Manager
Marketing Development Program
Information Systems Marketing Operation
General Electric Company
Phoenix, Arizona

"Your customer may call you a salesman - an applications engineer
- a problem-solver - or a profit-maker - but the important thing is~
that he calls you."

Education and training of people to market data processing equipment is like much other training in marketing.
But the big and exasperating difference is that trainees who
already have specialized knowledge of the data processing
field are extremely scarce.
Training in most other fields can draw on experience gained
by previous generations of experts in the more common
professions. The data processing or computer field is
however relatively new to the educational fraternity; and
persons who can teach it are very busy in pursuing their
pressing tasks in this highly competitive industry. Therefore
few experts with an intimate knowledge of the data processing business are available to teach newcomers.
The training of persons to market data processing equipment, techniques and services, therefore, has a tendency
to fall upon some dedicated senior computer administrators
who work in league with some marketing specialists who
have a knack for intelligent and farsighted planning.
A marketing development program for EDP should include these three principal goals:
1. To develop loyal field representatives with a strong
feeling for the company and its computers, who know
how to apply the resources of the company to benefit
customers and to get the customer's jobs done
properly;
2. To develop professional, versatile, marketing-oriented
representatives who possess a keen insight into customers' needs and can help design adequate systems
to meet those needs now and later on;
3. To develop a reasonably homogeneous field organization, which is able to adapt readily to new products, ~nd is motivated toward self-development in
the information-processing business.
The time to accomplish these goals is at present con-

32

sidered to be from 20 to 30 months. This appears to be
'the period required to assure that objectives have been
realized so completely as to offer the fullest benefits for
the trainee, the customer, and the company. No program
of education is successful without a balance of benefits to
all these three.

The "People Businessll
In establishing these long-term goals, our approach is
that we are in the "people business." The first consideration is selection of the right people.
To select and recruit .suitable people for training in
marketing, a number of criteria have been established by
field managers and aligned with the program's aims. The
best sources of manpower for the program appear to be
persons newly hired directly from college campuses, and
recent college graduates with one or two years of noncomputer business experience.
Field managers interview, recruit, and select candidates
for the program according to the planned manpower needs
of their area of supervision. By this method, the program
member acquires his on-the-job training under the guidance
of the manager who first hired him. His permanent position on completion of the program is also established by
the same manager.
The program for the development of marketing personnel'
has six distinct phases:
1. Initial education and training (orientation);
2. Field-training assignment;
3. First evaluation;
4. Advanced programming training;
5. Programmer-analyst field-training assignment; and
6. Second evaluation.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

1. Orientation

The first phase, orientation, is a formal course of about
eight weeks. In general, it helps the individual become
familiar with the company, the information processing business, customer needs, and his personal opportunities.
Included in this initial phase is teaching of the following:
1. Company Organization, history, products, services, opportunities, employee benefits, etc.
2. Basic Data Processing Introduction to, and
hands-on experience with, the 80-column card
punch; terminology; general requirements of the
basic industry data processing applications.
3. Introduction to Computers - Fundamentals about
small- and medium-size computer systems.
'1. Selected Industry Applications Terminology;
data processing operations; needs and trends of
various types of businesses, from banking to manufacturing to marketing and distribution.
5. Computer Programming - Hands-on programming
of a small-scale computer system.
6. Computer Applications and Operations Programming and running specific applications.
7. Communication Skills - Writing; listening; speaking.
8. Conference Leadership Workshop - With aid of
standard and also specially prepared texts, learning
how to participate in and run conferences, formal
meetings, etc.
2. Field Training Assignment

During this phase of the program, attitudes and aptitudes
of individual program members are continually checked
and measured. Program objectives can only be realized if
these are satisfactory.
Upon completion of this orientation phase, the individual returns for a six- to eight-months training assignment to
the field district where he was selected. There he is assigned to pre-sale and post-sale situations involving the
computer system used dl}ring the orientation course. These
situations are referred to as "work assignments." They are
specific in nature, issued by the marketing development
program and supervised by the field manager or key man
designated by him.
During this second period, the program member completes self-study courses, and other special assignments,
such as technical presentations and application studies.
The program member's performance on each work assignment is evaluated and recorded by the field manager upon
completion. The marketing development program manager
checks on the completion of all assignments. Through this
checking, the program manager can discover deficiencies in
the individual's record and assign work which will provide
opportunities to remove the deficiencies.
3. First Evaluation

As the second phase draws to a close, the individual is
evaillated in order to determine whether:
I. I Ie is to proceed to the next phase of the marketing
development program;
~.
He should be given another work assignment using
the initial computer system; or
3. He should be certified as a junior application engineer on this particular computer system, with a recommendation that no further training be initiated at
this time.
I t is recognized, of course, that not all the members of
the program will aspire equally to completion of the full
Jlrogralll. Some will realize that because their aptitudes
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

or unconscIOUS wishes leave them satisfied with certain
lesser attainments. Some may wish to follow a path of
technical assignments, and thus be employed immediately
at the work in which they feel most comfortable and where
they can best serve the customer and company.
Alternative No. 3 thus enables such individuals to take
their places in work that is most satisfying to them, thereby
avoiding the frustrations, pressures and unhappiness which
often beset the more ambitious who are not satisfied to
recognize early signs of their limitations.
4. Advanced Programming Training

In the fourth phase of the program, the program member is assigned to a formal course of training in:
1. Advanced programming concepts of more complex
computers;
2. Introductory systems concepts of intermediate computers;
3. Additional training in communication skills.
This fourth phase may be carried out either at a field
training center or at the company headquarters programming facility.

5. Programmer Analyst Field Assignment

In the fifth phase, the individual is assigned as programmer-analyst in the field. He can become a junior member
of an on-site team, working with an advanced computer
system in a customer location, or he may become a site
leader for a customer's less complex system.
Again, the work assignments are specific in nature and
are evaluated by the field manager upon completion of the
assignment. Additional self-development programs and
self-training assignments will be designated by the marketing development program manager during this phase. This
field assignment is of nine- to twelve-months duration, because of the more complex nature of computers, systems
and customer requirements.
Since every person learns at a different rate, and the attitudes and aptitudes of individuals vary, field assignments
vary in length.
6. Second Evaluation

Phase six, the second evaluation, determines whether the
program member:
1. Should be given an additional programming analyst
assignment; or
2. Should be awarded a certificate of completion from
the marketing development program, and;
a. Recommended for advanced training as a sales
representative; or
b. Recommended for advanced training as an application engineer.
The monitoring and measurement of the progress of
program members is handled by a computer system; and the
degree of progress may be determined at any time. This
system also helps establish a "profile" of the type of individual most likely to succeed in a marketing career.
The program manager must remain continually aware
of the assimilation rate of each individual, his needs, and
his desires. Every program member needs to be aware
that he is receiving "tools" which he may employ in his
effort at success, and that his success depends on how effectively he uses these "tools."
A parting word to the graduate of the marketing development program might be like this:
"Your customer may call you a salesman - an applicaor a profit-maker.
tions engineer - a problem-solver The important thing is that he calls you."
.

33

[b

BRANDON APPLIED SYSTEMS J INC.
AND

come!r'a~~!'

ANNOUNCE THE FALL 1966 SERIES OF
DATA

PROCESSING

MANAGEMENT

COURSES

Nine courses are offered in the sixth series of courses conducted by Brandon Applied
Systems, Inc., and sponsored by Computers and Automation.
Course 61:
Management Standards for Data Processing

Course 66:
Introduction to Data Communications and
Time Sharing

A two-day course for data processing management covering effective management and control techniques.
EI Paso, Tex.
Sept. 23
Washington, D.C.
Oct. 13, 14
New York
Nov. 3, 4
London, England
Nov. 22, 23
Copenhagen, Denmark
Nov. 28

A course for data processing, departmental, and other executives concerned with use of data communications equipment or time sharing techniques.
Washington, D.C.
New York

Course 67:
Data Processing Organization and Personnel

Course 62:
Operations Control

This course provides managers with a general review of
practices in organization and personnel management in the
data processing industry.
Nov. 24
london, England
Dec. 7
Washington, D.C.
Dec. 20
New York
Feb. 8
New York

A one-day course to provide operations managers and supervisors wit'h a body of techniques and discipline for operations management.
Helsinki, Finland
london, England
Washington, D.C.
New York
Washington, D.C.
London, England

-

Sept. 15
Sept. 19
Oct. 12
Nov. 2
Dec. 8
Jan. 31

Course 68:
Review of Programming Languages

Course 63:
Computer Systems Analysis Techniques

A one-day course to provide data processing management
a brief review of language structure and status and to
assist in the possible selection of a language.

A two-day course for senior systems analysts, supervisors,
and data processing managers providing systems analysis
and feasibility study techniques.
Helsinki, Finland
London, England
Washington, D.C.
New York
London, England

-

London, England
Washington, D.C.
New York

Sept. 13, 14
Sept. 21, 22
Oct. 27, 28
Nov. 9, 10
Feb. 1, 2

A one-day course to provide data processing executives and
top management with measurement techniques to evaluate
the performance of a data processing installation.
Sept. 16
Sept. 20
Oct. 26
Nov. 15
Feb. 3

Course 65:
Appreciation Course in Data Processing
This course, for top executives and departmental management, examines the technical concepts, economics, planning steps, and environments necessary for successful installations.
New York
- Oct. 5, 6
Washi~t~'ribt~·~o. 11 on Reacr!?sn~e~';ic~ Card

34

-

Nov. 21
Jan. 17
Jan. 26

Course 69:
Top Management Control of Electronic Data
Processing
A two-day course for top management to provide guidance
in control over data processing installations.

Course 64:
Management Audit of Data Processing

Helsinki, Finland
london, England
Washington, D.C.
New York
London, England

Oct. 19, 20
Nov. 16, 17

-

London, England
Washington, D.C.
New York

Nov. 21
Jan. 17
Jan. 26

-

r. - -- - - - - - - - - - - I

TO:

-

- - -

BRANDON APPLIED SYSTEMS. INC.

I

30 East 42nd Street

I

New York. New York 10017

Please send me the Fall 1966 Course Catalog. I am interested in courses:

o

61

0

o

D

67

o 65

o 68

D

D

69

0

64

62

63

66

My name and address are attached.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

c&a
CAPITAL
REPORT
A Special Report from C&A's
Washington Correspondent

The Library of Congress, which easily qualifies as the
world's largest collection of literature, has begun an automation program that undoubtedly will be felt in coming
. .
years by every major library in this country.
The Library recently installed an IBM 360 Model 30 m Its
Capitol Hill building and is applying this computer to two
major phases of its work - bibliographic processing and
catalog searching. In addition, it will begin a pilot test
this fall \\lith 16 cooperating libraries in which cataloging
data will be sent out to the libraries on magnetic tape for
usc on their own EDP systems. Since the Library of Con·
gress cataloging system has long been a standard in this
country, results of this pilot test could have far-reaching
effects in library science.
The first big automation push in the Library of Congress
is in the Manuscript Division, estimated to contain 27.9
million items, including the original manuscripts of hundreds
of major American writers. The computer is being used to
consolidate on magnetic tape all the reference and descriptive information about each collection, the records of each
collection's source and accession, information on the status
of work in organizing and describing it, shelf location, and
statistics on its use.
From this master record of manuscripts, the staff has produced punch card call slips for 1,600 collections (the largest
and most frequently used of the 3,000 collections). More
will be represented as the program advances. At· the moment, their titles - the names of 1,600 famous men, women
and organizations from the 15th century to 1966 - appear
on the cards used by the readers. The Library reported that
scholars working in the Manuscript Reading Room made
the switch from the old 3 by 5 inch call slip to the punch
card "with interest and approval."
Each card is preprinted with a name, the exact shelf location of the collection, and a numeric code symbol for
the collection. Multiple copies of each name card provide
for [('peated use in calling for materials from the same collection, and the cards are arranged alphabetically at the
reader-service desk.
For the staff, the effects of computer use are numerous.
Most important, printouts from the master record of manuscripts, whose contents can be approached in 93 ways, are
already providing staff specialists in particular periods of
history or other fields of study with unified data describing
all the 3,000-odd collections, permitting them to help readers
more quickly and in broader scope with materials in their
fields.
The punch card also provides a central record of materials sent outside the Manuscript Division for binding, repair, photocopying, exhibition, or, in the case of transcripts
and photocopies, for inter-library loan. At the end of the
day, the used cards turned in by readers are punched with
the number of manuscript containers served and with the
date, so that the computer can compile statistics on use.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

A related, experimental program in this Division is aimed
at a uni.fied index of all the registers (or guides) for 500
collections of manuscripts. ,These collections contain more
than half the division's individual manuscripts. This master
index record on magnetic tape will permit analysis of the
contents of these collections by subjects and by the names
of persons to whom the manuscripts refer.
The two tapes for the master record and the master index
record will then be run in tandem on the computer to provide both descriptive and subject analysis of the collections.
Computer programs have already been written for this
program.
In the future, the Library may turn to the big problem of
document retrieval. Back in 1964, an industry survey team
headed by Gilbert S. King, former research director of IBM
and then vice president of Itek Corporation, concluded in
an SS-page report that it was technically and economically
feasible for the Library to begin the automation of documents, as well as cataloging and bibliographic data.
Since 1964, the Library's Data Processing Office has been
chiefly concerned with business operations, but it recently has
become involved in such projects as microfilming and indexing the manuscripts of 23 American presidents and compiling a 124-page index to nearly 2,000 pages of testimony
from congressional hearings on copyright revision.
The latter project was done for the Copyright Office, part
of the Library of Congress, and included the indexing of
testimony on what to do about copyrighting computer programs and using copyrighted material in computers.
During these hearings, the Association for Computing
Machinery'S committee on copyrighting and patenting of
computer programs wrote to the House Judiciary Committee
expressing concern that the latest version of the copyright
bill is unduly restrictive of the use of computers in information retrieval.
The ACM group has asked the Committee to permit use
of copyrighted material in applications where a computer
essentially replaces a human research worker in literature
searching. It also said the bill seems to allow copyrighting
of computer programs.

JAMES TITUS

35

c&a
THROUGHPUT

Systems Analysis Training
The best estimates that can be made today indicate that
somewhere in the neighborhood of 130,000 systems analysts
must be trained by 1970 to meet the requirements of an
ever-expanding computer industry. This is roughly double
the number of qualified analysts practicing in the industry
today. This need represents a great problem which virtually
nobody is really facing.
The major problem stems from two factors:
• an appalling lack of agreed definition of what the systems analysis function is and does, and
• the failure so far of anyone group or organization to assume adequately the responsibility for the requisite
training.
This is coupled with the fact based on much evidence that
effective systems analysis training requires at least a sixmonth formal training program, followed by a nine-month
on-the-job program.
Since systems analysis training is not easy to define, and
not easy to do, it is almost impossible to accomplish.
In the broadest sense, the systems function encompasses
a number of varied disciplines:
Computer systems investigation
Computer systems analysis
Computer systems design
and
Systems, methods and procedures
Industrial engineering
Operations research
Management analysis,
and a number of subsidiary functions such as forms design
and control, process analysis, and the like. Training in all
these disciplines is in practice impossible unless some functional specialization is retained.
As to the responsibility for teaching systems analysis, the
manufacturer appropriately feels that it is his responsibility
to teach only machine-dependent skills; and systems analysis
clearly is independent of machines. Although there are some
efforts in this area, by-and-Iarge the responsibility for systems training appears left to the user, who can ill afford the
costs of six-month training programs.
What is available in the industry?
For Government users, three programs stand out, although
none satisfies the total need, and none is wholly satisfactory.

36

1. The Army Management Engineering Training Agency
(AME T A): Rock Island Arsenal, Ill.: a 6-week systems
course, covering computer systems analysis and systems and procedures.
2. The ADP Management Training Center (United States
Civil Service Commission): \Vashington, D.C.: a fiveday program - Computer Systems Analysis for Programmers.
3. The ADP Management Training Center also conducts
a workshop in systems analysis.
Commercial ventures in systems analysis training are few,
and generally of limited benefit:

1. IBM has a 2-week course in "Systems Planning"; it
presents only a summary of techniques.
2. NCR is planning to develop a 6-week systems course.
3. Systemation (Ross-Martin Co.) in Tulsa, Oklahoma,
has a fairly extensive correspondence course in basic
systems, emphasizing manual systems.
4. The American Management Association presents some
basic seminars in computer systems analysis.
5. The most comprehensive course is undoubtedly IBM's
3-month Systems Research Institute. It has only been
open to users since July, on an experimental basis.
6. Brandon Applied Systems, Inc. has 2-day, 5-day, and
lO-week courses, which currently are limited.
7. A number of universities are now offering degree programs in Computer Sciences, which include systems
analysis and other elements; These include Rutgers,
Texas A and M, Stanford, Chicago, and a number of
others. (See "Computers and Automation," June 1966.)
In order to obtain the 130,000 additional systems analysts,
what we can actually do is limited. Self training, or no
training, reliance on universities, or waiting for manufacturers to develop programs, are currently the only feasible
alternatives.

Dick H. Brandon
Contributing Editor
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 196G

'.

"ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK"
Computing and Data Processing NewsleHer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Applications . . .
New Contracts . .
New Installations
Computing Centers
Education News . .

37
39
40
41
42

New Products . . .
Research Frontier
Meeting News . .
Business News
Computer Census.

43
47
48
49
50

APPLICATIONS

COMPUTER MAKES
3-D MOVIES OF
INNER EAR

A computer has been used to
make three-dimensional animated
movies depicting the part of the
inner ear that translates sound
waves into audible sensations.
The movies, produced at Bell Telephone Laboratories, were made by a
computer which was programmed with
a mathematical description of how
the basilar membrane moves under
certain conditions.

,

motion picture camera, also controlled by the computer, photographed the drawings, thus producing a movie. The three dimensional effect is created by presenting
a different picture to each eye.
The two pictures show what the object looks like .from two slightly
different positions. When a person

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The basilar membrane is the
primary transducer in the hearing
process; that is, it converts sound
waves to audible sensations. This
delicate, spiral structure has a
diameter of about 1/4-inch. It is
extraordinarily difficult to observe because it is within the
cochlea - a part of the ear deeply
embedded in the temporal bone of
the skull. Georg von Bekesy. a
Nobel laureate now at Harvard. was
the first to measure basilar membrane movements.
Using data obtained from
Bekesy, James L. Flanagan of Bell
Laboratories devised a mathematical model of the basilar membrane.
With this model. Robert C. Lummis,
A. Michael Noll, and Man Mohan
Sandhi programmed a computer to
generate a magnetic tape containing data describing a sequence of
drawings depicting the movements
of the basilar membrane. The tape
was fed to a microfilm plotter
which converted the digital data
into line drawings on the face of
a special cathode-ray tube. A

-

•

Frames from a threedimensional animated motion picture that may help
significantly in understanding how we hear.
views the movie with stereoscopic
glasses, both pictures appear to
fuse and the minute difference in
perspective is translated into a
realistic depth effect.
One of the most significant
advantages of this computer-gener-

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

ated motion picture is that the
complicated motions of the basilar
membrane can be seen clearly and
studied in detail. This is because
small rapid changes can be slowed
down and movements greatly exaggerated. For example, even the loudest
sounds move the basilar membrane by
an amount measured in microscopic
dimensions. Yet there may be thousands of movements in the basilar
membrane each second. Without a
computer, it would be impossible to
calculate, let alone plot, the movements of the basilar membrane in response to even ordinary speech
sounds. The movements are so fast
that to show clearly what happens
when the spoken word "to" is heard
takes two minutes of film time.
Using these movies, movements
of the membrane can be related to
frequencies and intensities of
sound. By studying these movements, scientists are able to understand the correspondence of
physical motions to psychological
phenomena.

GRAND COULEE DAM NOW
MONITORED BY COMPUTER

Engineers at Grand Coulee dam
(Wash.) now have a "watchdog" computer system that is expected to
save more than $600,000 a year in
operating the largest hydroelectric
power facility in the United States.
The automated system (built by the
Control Systems Department of Honeywell's Computer Control Division,
Framingham, Mass.) will monitor and
record important performance data

37

Newsletter
of huge generators, switchyards
and pumps, including giant 65,000horsepower pumps that lift water up
into a reservoir feeding canals
that irrigate 500,000 acres of land.
Power supervisor R. K. Seeley
said the system, believed to be the
first ever applied to an all-hydro
power plant, will become fully operational by the end of this month,
following a series of tests. The
Interior Department's Bureau of
Reclamation built and operates the
dam on the Columbia river. Grand
Coulee, with 18 Ge~erators in two
power plants at opposite ends of
the dam's spillway, now has a rated
capacity of almost 2 million kilowatts that is fed into the northwest power pool. It is to be enlarged to 5.6 million kilowatts by
the addi tion of a third power plant
authorized last June by Congress.
The Honeywell system, located
in the dam's left power plant, is
programmed to sequence-monitor 420
relay and circuit breaker contacts
1000 times every second and to scan
and alarm 200 bearing temperatures
and 30 oil pressures of generators
and pumps every 15 seconds. Prior
to installation of the computer
system, highly trained clipboardcarrying operators had to carefully
watch the operation of each of the
108,000-kilowatt-capacity generators to insure that they were operating properly. Surveillance
still will be necessary, it was
pointed out, but operational data
will be logged automatically on
electric typewriters. Audio and
visual alarms alert operators if
any of the hundreds of operating
conditions exceed preset limits.
The computer system also includes electronic recorders, which
monitor and control the power output assigned to each generator, and
microswitches of special design that
enable operators to manually control the on-off operation of generators, pumps and transmission
lines.

. WATER FILTRATION PLANT
CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER

A 960 million gallon-per-day
water filtration plant (the world's
largest such facility) is now controlled by a single computer -- an
IBM 1710. The $105 million Central
District Filter Plant, located on
61 acres reclaimed from Lake Michigan, was dedicated in June by
Mayor Richard J. Daley. It will
serve nearly three million persons
in Chicago and 36 suburbs.

James Jardine, ·commissioner of
water and sewers, said the IBM computer takes more than 300 readings
throughout the plant every six
minutes and automatically prints
out-of-normal condition reports.
Plant personnel instantly spots
any unusual conditions and can take
appropriate corrective action. In
addition, the 1710 prints hourly
water and chemical process logs
and produces daily master compila~
tions of water and chemical condi tions.
Commissioner Jardine said the
plant operates in four s~parate
areas, all controlled by the 1710.
This "quadrant" approach permits
experimentation with differing
formulas to obtain desired purification levels from the same untreated water. "Since water purification becomes a new problem
virtually every half-hour," he
said, "we must treat entirely new
kinds of problems every few minutes."
"The 1710 permits us a luxury
never known in water treatment before: we can try four distinct
purification procedures at the same
time, learning from them the one
best solution should the same
problem arise again."

OUTBOARD PROPELLERS
CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER
IN DRILLING OPERATION

Humble Oil & Refining Company
and Standard Oil Company of California are drilling in water up to
4354 feet deep, about 80 miles off
the Texas coast ,. as part of a joi nt
exploration and research program.
The tests have set a new deep-water
drilling record for the Gulf of
Mexico. The two companies are
drilling a series of core holes
from a converted navy ship in order
to study the geology of the Continental Slope from Texas to Florida.
In the deep waters of the Continental Slope, conventional anchors
would not be economically practical
to hold the ship steady over the
hole during each coring operation.
On Caldrill I (the contract drilling vessel Humble and Socal are
using) four outboard propellers are
controlled by a computer, and this
automatic position equipment (called
APE) keeps the ship in position in
any depth of water without use of
anchors.

BRITISH COMPUTER DESIGNS
WORLD FAIR CENTER PIECE

The center piece of the 1967
Montreal World Fair is to be a 200
foot high "Gyrotron". It is being
constructed using a "space-frame"
technique and when completed will
be the first completely space-frame
building in the world. The design
analysis for this revolutionary
building was carried out on an
I.C.T. Atlas computer. The computer analysis of the structure,
which took two hours to run on the
Atlas computer, would have taken
one man, working an 8 hour day and
5 days a week, 30,000 years to
complete.
The structure, designed by
Mr. Boyd Auger, the British Architect and Engineer, will use some
9000 l6-foot long aluminum tubes,
27 miles of them. They will be
joined into a massive three-dimensional cobweb or honeycomb structure -- technically a "multi-layer
octet truss" arrangement. The computer analysis of Boyd Auger's design was carried out by Engineering
Computations, who developed a specail program which was run on an
I.C.T. Atlas computer.

-- A shipboard computer is
linked to this outboard
propeller and three others
like it on the oil-exploration ship Caldrill I.
Each of the vessel's four outboard propellers is powered by an
electric motor. Two propellers are
mounted in the stern and two in the
bow. All four are linked to an analog computer on board the ship.
Signals from the computer start and
stop each motor automatically to
maintain the ship's position directly over the core hole, and also control the speed of the propellers
and the direction in which the force
of each is exerted. With APE, drill-

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1<)(,(;

,

Newsletter

ing can continue and pipe can be
handled from the deck of the ship
in 20-foot waves and 40-mile-perhour winds.

NEW YORK TRAFFIC SUMMONSES
TO BE CHECKED BY COMPUTER

An IBM System/360 Model 30
will be used to check the 20,000
traffic summonses issued daily in
New Yor~ City against a file of
7,000,000 vehicle registrations in
New York State. The registrations
are recorded on magnetic tape.
Copies of these tapes are being
made available by the state and
new tapes will be made from them,
listing registrations by license
number. A file of New Jersey registrations, listed by license plate

~umber,

also is being created as
information is received from the
State of New Jersey on individual
cases.

The computer (which is equipped
wi th a 1100 line-per-minute printer)
will take only a few hours to check
a week's list of summonses against
all the regis~rations and print out
citations and warrants against
these cases if no payment is received in a specified period.
There are about 35 reels of
tape for the 1964-65 registrations
and these are now being matched
against a magnetic tape file of
3,500,000 open violations of all
types -- parking, jaywalking and
moving for this period. About 80
per cent of open violations are
for parking.

Under the new system, the computer also will produce a number of
other lists, or registers, using
the same basic information. One
that will be produced daily will be
a docket register for the courts,
which record cases by docket number.
At the end of each week other registers will be produced. For one
of these, the computer will check
that week's list of summonses
against a master file of open violations and produce a list of violators with all the summonses still
outstanding against them. It has
been estimated that with the help
of the computer, the time required
to notify a violator that his summons has not been settled will be
reduced from as long as two years
in some cases to about 45 days.

NEW CONTRACTS

. FROM
$107 million
Addition to existing contract for design,
development, implementation and maintenance, and operation of computer facilities
for the Apollo program
$1.6 million
National Aeronautics and Space
Philco Corporation, WDL Div.,
Implementation, programming and operating
Administration, Manned SpacePhilco Houston Operations
a computer system used in connection with
~c~ra~f~t~C~e~n7t~e~r____~____~~____~______~~____~____~~__~A~p~0~l~l~o~sp~a~c~e~f;l~i~ght~s~i~m~u~l~at~i~o~n~s~________________~--~~
National Aeronautics and Space
Computer Sciences Corp., EI
Heading a team of companies to develop
about $1 million
Administration
Segundo, Calif.
a general-purpose computer program for
analyzing complex three-dimensional
structures - a cost-plus-award-fee contract
Installation and operation of IBM 1800
Department of Transport, GovIBM Company Ltd., Ottawa
system at Gander International Airport,
ernment of Canada, Ottawa
Newfoundland, to be used principally for
the control of North Atlantic air traffic
operating through the area
U. S. Bureau of Public Roads
The design of a simulated freeway diamond
$509,262 costSystem Development Corp.,
sharing contract
Santa Monica, Calif.
interchange, in order to study vehicular
flow
American Stock Exchange, N.Y.
General Electric Co.
leasing at
A computer complex that will drive the
$35,000/month
EXChange's sales and quotation tickers
and monitor trade data - will include
two GE-415 comp:.1ters and related equtjment
The Lake Superior & Ishpeming
Sylvania Electric Products
Installation of two Sylvania KarTrak
Railroad Company, MiChigan
Inc., Commercial Electronics
automatic car identification systems
Div •• Bedford. Mass.
$200,000
Electrologica, Rijswijk, The
Informatics Inc., Sherman
Designing and managing the implemenNetherlands
Oaks, Calif.
tation of a COBOL compiler for the
Electrologica ELX8 computer
U. S. Navy
System Development Corp.,
Studying electronic data processing
$184,000
Falls Church, Va.
methods as a means of correlating fleet
antisubmarine warfare surveillance data
Defense Documentation Center
System Development Corp.,
Assistance in the development of a five$73,500
(DOC) of the Defense Supply
Falls Church, Va.
year plan to improve computer-based data
system
services
and
technl~·q~u~e~s
____
~
__
~
________________
__
Agency
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Informatics Inc., Sherman
Providing general-purpose programming and
Oaks, Calif.
analysis in support of engineering and scientific work being done by JPL for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Air New Zealand, Auckland,
IBM Corporation
An IBM 360/30 computer for delivery in
New Zealand
1967 - will be used to process all flight
planning, general accounts, payroll, inventory control and crew assignments; also
inspection, personnel and engineering
records

National Aeronautics and Space
Administration

IBM Corporation

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

39

Newsletter

$133,700
Development of the first phase of a
"computer aided master planning system for colleges and universities"
Installation of a $750,000 Price and
Data Trends, Inc., Parsippany,
The Chicago Board of Trade,
Reporting System
N.J.
Chicago, Ill.
Review of county's existing electronic
Auerbach Corporation, PhilaOffice of Administrative Servdata processing facilities and aid in
delphia, Pa.
ices of Nassau County, N.Y.
establishing guidelines for future development of these services
$100,000
Northwestern University, TechExpanded program of basic research in
U. S. Department of Defense
nological Institute, Evanston,
computer sciences, control systems and
__________________________. ______~I~l~l~.____________________________~s~o~l~i~d~st~a~t~e~e~·I~e~ctr~o~n~I~·c~S~________________. ____________________
Educational Facilities Laboratories, New York

Duke University, Durham, N.C.

NEW INSTALLATIONS

U. S. Naval Research Laboratory,
Washington, D.C.

ADVANCE Series 6050 computer
system

Clark-O'Neill, Inc., Fairview, N.J.

IBM System/360 Model 40

Chemical Engineering Department,
Villanova University, Villanova, Pa.
Puget Sound National Bank, Tacoma,
Wash.

Hitachi 505-60 Analog Computer

Itek Corporation, Lexington, Mass.

Control Data 3300 Computer System

Taylor Instrument Companies,
Rochester. N.Y.
Disabled American Veterans National
Headquarters, Cincinnati, Ohio

IBM System/360 Model 30

Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo,
Calif.
Le Soleil, Quebec, Canada

Control Data 6600 and 6400 Computer Systems
NCR 315 System

Iowa State University Computation
Center

EAI 8800 Analog/Hybrid Computing System

American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp., Industrial Div., Detroit,
Mich.

NCR 315 System

Univ. of Minnesota, Numerical Analysis
Center, Minneapolis, Minn.

Control Data 6600 System valued
at nearly $3~ million (on lease
basis with option to purchase)

Reaction Motors Division of Thiokol
Chemical Corporation, Denville, N.J.

IBM System/360 Model 50

Ryan Aeronautical Co., San Diego,
Calif.

EAI 8400 Digital Computing System including EAI 3500 DATAPLaTTER

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, N.J. and Andover, Mass.

Two EAI 8800 Scientific Computing systems valued at over
$200,000 each

-io

IBM System/360 Model 30

Honeywell 200 EDP System

Use on-line for acquIrIng and processing data during progress of low-energy nuclear-physics experiments conducted 3t the Naval Research Laboratory's
75 MEV sector-focusiulJ cvclotron
Improved and expanded market research capabilities
in r,ompany's pharmaceutical marketing serVIces;
drug control services; also in conjunction with
mailing servicer medical and non-medical
Student instruction in chemical process simulation
and process control as well as for research
Development of a computerized information network
with all departments and branches of the bank eventually having direct access via remote terminals
Solving problems in field of precision optical lens
design. Computer enables scientists and engineers
to mathematically simulate the performance of various types of lenses used in complex aerial camera
systems
Inventory control of parts, accounting, sales analysis and production control
Automatic processing of labels for solicitation
mailings, maintenance of membership list; general
accounting, inventory control, payroll, Women's
Auxiliary record keeping and subscription mailings
Wide variety of applications including data reduction, analysis, and general scientific computation
Processing a daily mailing list of about 35,000 in
addition to handling a variety of other applications' for the French language newspaper's advertising and circulation departments
Hybrid computing capabilities for general research;
system is being linked to an IBM system and will be
available to all departments
Engineering and payroll applications, labor and expense distribution, inventory control. Such applications as parts explosion and routing will be
added in about a year
Use by both students and faculty members in education and in research (such fields as mathematics,
physical sciences and engineering, medicine and life
sciences, humanities, agriculture. and others)
Analysis rocket engine test data, exploring advnnced
propulsion concepts for missiles and space vehicles;
monitor project costs, process payrolls and personnel records; also provide data processing services
to other companies in area
Use in flight simulation studies of Ryan Firebee
jet target drones; control system design and stability studies of drone and V/STOL aircraft; and
as an educational tool to teach operators how to
handle the remote drone control systems
Use as part of large hybrid computing systems, in
combination with CDC 3100's, to be applied to
studies of transmission networks - used primari ly
to analyze, design and optimize circuits for transdevelopment projects

COr-!I'UTERS and AUTOMATION for Scptclllbn, 1')(.('

'.

Newsletter

AVCO Corporation, Missile Systems
Division, Wilmington, Mass.
U. S. Atomic Energy Commission,
Theoretical Physics Division of Los
Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Wright Line Division, Barry-Wright
Corp .• Worcester, Mass,

COMPUTING CENTERS

SBC ANNOUNCES NATIONWIDE
DATA PROCESSING NETWORK

Plans for a nationwide network
of interconnecting data processing
service centers, each equipped with
IBM System/360s (ranging in size
from the basic Model 30 to a powerful Model 75), have been announced
by The Service Bureau Corporation
(SBC), New York, N,Y. As outlined
by SBC, the inter-center 360 network will be composed of 12 Central
Processing Bureaus, each linked directly by data communication lines
to local SBC computer centers. Over
70 SBC offices will tie into the
national computer network.
Unlike most real-time processing systems, where a customer merely purchases computer time on a
shared basis, the SBC Network will
provide a full range of customer
services, from the ini tial study of
the problem through systems design,
programming, processing and final
results, With strategically-located
processing centers linked together
across the country, SBC will offer
its services to any customer regardless of his location or the
nature of his data processing requirements, whether scientific or
commercially oriented.
SBC president Herbert R. Keith
said the firm already has installed
25 IBM System/360s. In eight
months, each of the 12 Central Processing Bureaus will have two Model 30s and one Model 20 System/360
installed and all 12 Bureaus will
be tied together by data transmission lines. Also at that time the
remaining local SBC offices will
be integrated into the Network as
equipment availability permits.
During 1967 one Model 30 in each
Central Bureau will be available
for real-time applications providing SBC customers with direct access to SBC's computers via remote

Two IBM System/360 computers,
costing $3.7 million -- on a
lease basis from Randolph Computer Corp •• NYC
Control Data 6600 Computer
System
IBM System/360 Model 20

Use in Division's missile activities and also in
company's Service Bureau operation throughout the
New England Scientific Community
Use primarily by various divisions within the Laboratory for rapid solutions to complex scientific
problems in the field of nuclear energy research
and development
Basic accounting and management control operations

terminals installed on their premises. The entire Network, he said,
will be fully operational in 1969,
at which time over 125 IBM System/
360s will have been installed and
more than 181,000 miles of leased
private lines, with speeds ranging
from 300 to 5100 characters per
second, will span the intra-company
Network.

tern to back up the other if required.
The heart of each is an NCR 315-100
computer. The on-line data processing center has seven CRAM (Card
Random Access Memory) units.
The new on-line service now
makes available to New England banking institutions instantaneous computer service on a "public utili ty"
basis ~ with the subscriber buying
only as much service as he needs,
said Mr. Laing.

INSTANT COMPUTER NETWORK
SERVES SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS
IN BOSTON

An electronic banking network,
which gives tellers instantaneous
access to a computer, recently began servicing the first of almost
700,000 savings accounts in the
Boston (Mass.) area. The "on-line"
system, developed and operated by
the National Cash Register Company,
initially will serve six savings
banks and six savings and loan associations with some 400,000 savings accounts and 40,000 mortgage
accounts. NCR president R. Stanley
Laing said that eventually, the
center will be equipped to handle
approximately 1.2 million accounts
in New England. The new center
will tie in such diverse locations
as Cambridge, Waltham, New Bedford,
Worcester and Manchester, N.Y"
with a central computer in downtown Boston.
Linked to the network but
functioning independently is a second on-line system operated by the
Savings Bank Service Corporation,
formed by the Suffolk Franklin Savings Bank and Boston Five Cent Savings Bank, (The two savings banks
are handling only their own accounts and are not in competition
with the data processing center
services.) The two systems will
include 85 teller consoles at 30
different banking locations. Under
a unique operating arrangement,
both on-line systems will share a
combined computer facility at Park
Square, Boston, with two sets of
virtually identical equipment.
This arrangement permits each sys-

COr.IPUTERS and AUTOMATION for St:ptcmbcr, 1966

COM-SHARE, INC. OPENING
SECOND CENTER IN MIDWEST

The second time-shared computer
utility service center in the Midwest, part of a network extending
from Buffalo to Kansas City, will
open in Chicago in December, it was
announced by COM-SHARE, INC., Ann
Arbor, Mich. An SDS 940 computer,
manufactured by Scientific Data
Systems, Santa Monica, Calif., will
be the key element of the computer
system.
COM-SHARE will provide full
scale computer services to business,
engineering, industrial and educational subscribers by linking individual users to the SDS 940, located
in northside Chicago, via telephone
and telegraph lines. Most of the
customers will be located within a
15-mile radius of central Chicago.
Capacity for the Chicago installation will be about 350 subscribers.
Cost of the service per subscriber is as low as $10 per hour.
Walter Manning, Vice President of
COM-SHARE, and director of its computer service division, estimated
the typical subscriber will pay
under $1000 per month for the service, including line charges. Subscribers can pay as little as $40
a month for COM-SHARE's computer
service, he said.
The first COM-SHARE computer
installation (see Computers and
Automation, May 1966, p. 41), Ann
Arbor, serves Southern Michigan.

41

Newsletter

EDUCATION NEWS

UPGRADING AND RETRAINING
CENTER FOR SEAMEN

A new school for retraining
and upgrading unlicensed members of
the National Maritime Union, directed by Captain P. R. Becker, is
designed to qualify seamen for
higher ratings and for those new
ratings established as a result of
changes in operating procedures
aboard ship caused by automation.
Trainees at the new Upgrading and
Retraining center of the NMU (New
York City) have equipment available to them on land which will
make them feel at home in the most
automated ships at sea.
Equipment at the school includes a training version of a General Electric centralized engine
room console, called a Central Operation System (COS), as well as a
G-E bridge control unit. The new
G-E consoles, like much of the
training equipment at the school,
will familiarize NMU members with
centralized push buttons, dials
and meters, which, on the newest
automated ships, replace scattered
valves, switches and gages.

-- Unlicensed members of
the National Maritime
Union (NMU) learn how to
operate an automated ship.
Left to right are William
Laird, William H. West,
William O. Dickey (seamanship instructor)
The G-E engine room control
equipment provides remote control
of engines, boilers and auxiliary
equipment. The bridge console
(shown in the picture) provides
control by a single man on the
bridge of propeller speed and direction from full ahead to full
astern operating conditions.
Training with this control equipment familiarizes NMU members with
the latest equipment in the most
advanced seagoing vessels.

42

STATE·SUPPORTED PROGRAM
TO TRAIN COMPUTER PERSONNEL

The first state-supported program set up exclusively to train
computer programmers and systems
analysts through the use of an
elaborate data communications network has been announced by the~Ok­
lahoma State Board for Vocational
Education. Dr. Oliver Hodge, State
Superintendent of Public Instruction, said the unique system, designed to alleviate the critical
need for trained data processing
personnel, initially will include
nine computers -- an RCA Spectra
70/35 third generation computer,
eight RCA 301 systems and peripheral equipment.
When the two-year training
program begins this month, it will
be offered at four Oklahoma Area
Vocational-Technical schools, three
junior colleges and a technical institute. The training course to be
offered will include basic and· advanced programming, computer operation and systems analysis, and is
expected to be well-attended by
students from the Texas-Oklahoma
area, as well as from other states.
The Spectra 70/35 (which will
be installed in April, 1967 in the
Oklahoma City data center) will be
the heart of the advanced training
system. As students are trained in
the fundamentals of programming,
they wi 11 prepare thei r own punchedcard programs which will be read
into the 301 computer at their
school. The student's program then
will be transmitted to the Spectra
70 at the data center, where the
program will be checked out by the
advanced computer and returned to
the student either in printed or
punched-card form.
J. B. Perky, Oklahoma Director of Vocational Education said
that Oklahoma, in pioneering this
unique educational program, "is
providing the impetus for other
states to establish similar advanced training methods that can
help to meet the serious need for
programmers and other specialists
in the growing data processing
field." By 1970 personnel requi rements in the computer field, particularly for business use, are
estimated at more than 500 000
with trained programmers a~cou~t­
ing for nearly one half of the
total. "Job placement for students who complete any level of the
program should pose no problems,",
Mr. Perky said, "and this is particularly true for those who complete the two-year course. We already have received inquiries from

companies who want to know when the
first graduate programmers will be
available and the training program
hasn't even begun yet."

MORE IN·TOWN COURSES
FOR OUT·OF·TOUCH GRADS

The Cambridge (Mass.) research
and consulting firm of Bolt Beranek
and Newman Inc. has announced that
a total of 12 college-level courses
in new scientific and engineering
subjects will be offered in cities
throughout the country during the
fall and winter semester of the
Program for Advanced Study. The
Program for Advanced Study (which
was first introduced in 1964 to update technical graduates of 5 to 10
years ago) differs from the usual
undergraduate or graduate program
in that the courses are specialized
and often unavailable locally. They
are given in full-day, monthly sessions from October to June and all
are taught by nationally recognized
university professors and technical
leaders.
The new courses were developed
to provide technical and managerial
personnel with advanced information
in the following scientific areas:
Semiconductor Electronics, Systems
Engineering, R&D Management,
Modern Optics, Modern Control Theory, Ocean Engineering, Underwater
Acoustics, Random Processes, Heat
Transfer, Decision Analysis in
Large Systems, Aerospace Noise and
Vibration, and Design and Analysis
of Experiments. An additional
cou rse on Oceanography will be made
available on request. Requirements
for admission are a cOllege degree
in science or engineering.
Course cities are Los Angeles,
San Diego, Seattle, Dallas, Houston,
Chicago, New York, Washington, Cambridge (Mass.), and Huntsville (Ala,).
although not all courses will be
given in all cities. Special inhouse courses also will be given in
Murray Hill (N.J.) and San Diego.
(For more information, designate
U41 on the Readers Service Card.)

IBM COMPUTER SIMULATORS
SPEED SYSTEM/360 SERVICE
TRAINING AND DELIVERIES

Simulators which serve as
"stand-ins" for System/360 computers are reducing the training
time for IBM customer engineers who
install and service the company's
information handling systems. These
training aids were developed by IBM

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19(i()

Newsletter
Corporation's Field Engineering
Division,· White Plains, N.Y. By
using this electronic device which
simulates actual equipment, the
company has cut in half its need
for System/360s used for customer
engineer training purposes, thus
freeing machines for shipment to
customers.
The simulator shown below duplicates the computer console operation of a System/360, Model 30. As
many as fi ve customer engineers can
receive simultaneous and independent console training while tying up

only a single computer system.
Five console simulators like this
one can be linked to the single
System/360 in the back or a 1400
series computer programmed to act
like five System/360s at the same
time.
"In addition, as useful as
these simulators are today in providing effective hands-on training
and allowing more efficient use of
current data processing systems,"
said O. M. Scott, IBM vice president and president of the Field
Engineering Division, "we see real
possibilities for them in training
customers" •

NEW PRODUCTS

-

D igital

G-E EXPANDS GEl PAC LINE OF
PROCESS CONTROL COMPUTERS

The General Electric Company,
Phoenix, Ariz., has announced expansion of its GE/PAc line of Industrial Process Control Computers.
Newest addition to the computer

family -- GE/PAC 4050-11 -- has
been developed for applications
which can benefit from increased
programming flexibility coupled
with a faster core memory cycle
time.
With the new equipment, computer memory addressing instructions operate 57 percent faster
than was previously possible with
similar size machines. GE/PAC
4050-11 has a core cycle time of
3.4 microseconds. By strengthening the product line between the
5.1 microsecond 4050 machine and
the larger GE/PAC 4060. which has
a 1.7 microsecond core cycle time,
the new computer extends the time
it would normally take to progress
to a larger computer.
GE/PAC 4050-11 includes an
arithmetic and control unit. 24-bit
word magnetic core memory. peripheral buffer. eight levels of automatic priority interrupt and a
stall alarm. Core memory is expandable to 64 .000 words wi th overlap. The new computer is program
compatible with other members of
the GE/PAC family and retains such
features as circular list processing. hardware assisted floatingpoint subroutines, masked-memory
search capability and a full line
of system equipments.
R. C. Berendsen. Manager of
the Company's Process Computer
Business Section. describing
4050-11 as a capable computer from
both the scientific and process
control standpoint. pointed out
that it is ideally sui ted for petrochemical installation, nuclear or
thermal power plants or for any applications which requires numerous
calculations. both off and on-line.
(For more information. designate
#42 on the Readers Service Card.)

packages similar to those defined
by Air Transport Association specifications. This modular package
has been proven through contfnued
use in aircraft, marine, military
and ground transportable applications under the severest environmental conditions. The user now
can customize his system. Expansion or change is accomplished by
adding or replacing modules.
(For more information, designate
#43 on the Readers Service Card.)

Data TransmiHers
and AID Converters

COMPATIBLE DATA LINE TERMINAL
ANNOUNCED BY UNIVAC

A new compatible communications adaptor that permits UNIVAC
1004 and 1005 Systems to be used as
a high-speed data communications
terminal for non-UNIVAC computers
has been announced by Sperry Rand
Corporation's UNIVAC Division.
The new DLT-9 uses the 4 out
of 8 code and format at synchronous
data transmission rates of 2000 and
2400 bits per second. A higher
speed model of the DLT-9 operates
up to 40,800 bits per second using
a TELPAK service. Complete flexibility of timing allows for internal or external clocking modes so
that total compatibility can be
achieved.
The DLT-9 operates with equal
efficiency over lease or dial circuits. Delivery is scheduled for
approximately nine months after
receipt of order.
(For more information, designate
#45 on the Readers Service Card.)

COLLINS INTRODUCES
NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM

NCR BANK TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Collins Radio Company, Dallas,
Texas. has introduced an integrated
communication/computation/control
system designed to implement the
multiprocessing approach for diversified and geographically separated operations. The new system.
designated the C-8500. combines
multispeed communication and business/scientific data computation
for control of on-line real-time
operations.

Members attending a panel discussion at the annual automation
conference of the American Bankers
Association. held in Chicago in
June. heard Peter N. Cumming. director of financial systems planning, National Cash Register Company. describe a system for correspondent or branch banking in which
the computer is located centrally
and "items" are sent back and forth
by telephone wire.

The heart of the system is
the C-8560 Computer Group. using
micro-miniature integrated circuit
components, designed in modular

The system, outlined in a paper
entitled, "Correspondent B~nk Demand
Deposit Accounting Via Data Transmission" is the result of a year-

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

43

Newsletter

long survey of correspondent and
branch bank networks made by NCR.
"The cost figures in our survey,"
Cumming said, "have led us to believe that it is possible to design
a more efficient and more economical system that will also alleviate the delivery headaches of conventionally transporting checks
and deposits physically."
The system would include a
low-cost document handler, a magnetic tape unit, a printer and associated communications equipment.
Basically, Cumming explained, items
would be "read" by the document
handler and filed on the magnetic
tape at the remote location. When
the central computing room was
ready for the remote accounting
job, a telephone signal would start
the magnetic tape sending the data.
Finished reports would be sent back
over the wire before the next
morning.
(For more information, designate
~44 on the Readers Service Card.)

Software

HONEYWELL, CONSULTING FIRM
TO DEVELOP SYSTEM

Honeywell Inc. and Bowles and
Tillinghast, a nationally-known
insurance actuarial and consulting
firm, have entered into an agreement to develop a total information system for the life insurance
industry. The project will use advanced systems concepts including
on-line storage of policyholder
records, direct access inquiry to
random access memory files, and
communications capabilities between home and field offices.
This new system, called LIMIS
(Life Insurance Management Information System), will start where TIP
ends. It will make use of the
COBOL compiler language, and is
being designed to permit users to
add increments of systems design
and programming aids to allow gradual adoption of the total system.
In addition to handling normal production processing and file maintenance tasks, LIMIS also will prepare various advanced management
reports in areas such as policy
issue, agent production, and profitability accounting. (Initial
deliveries of the LIMIS system are
expected in the second half of '67,)
'(For more" information, designate
~46 on the Readers Service Card.)

44

NEW MONITOR SYSTEM FOR
SEL 800 SERIES COMPUTERS

Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Fort Lauderdale,
Fla., has announced a major expansion of its software capability,
according to the President, A. G.
Randolph. This expansion is due
to the development of a monitor
(combined operating and programming) system for its 810A and 840A
computers.
The components of the monitor
system include: Resident Executi ve,
designed to increase machine efficiency in both real-time and data
processing environments; Compiler
and Library; Assembler; Loader;
and Debug and Utility Routines.
While the SEL Monitor System
will operate in computers with
only 12K of core memory, the individual programs will operate in
smaller configurations. For example, the assembler requires only
4K and the compiler 8K of memory
(only paper tape input and output
plus a typewriter are required).
Also, I/O handlers are supplied to
take full advantage of card, magnetic tape, disc and line printer
units if present in a system.
The complete monitor system
will be available to all SEL 810A
and 840A computer customers the
first quarter of 1967 at no additional cost, and will be furnished
with all necessary documentation.
(For more information, designate
~49 on the Readers Service Card.)

NEW SYSTEM SPEEDS
PROGRAMMING OF TAPE·
CONTROLLED MACHINE TOOLS

A new method of programming
tape-controlled machine tools has
been developed by AEI Electronics.
The system utilizes an electronic
data processing machine and the
Pencil Follower (available from
Edwin Industries Corp., Syracuse,
N.Y.) •
During a demonstration, visitors were able to mark out any pattern of crosses on a card. These
were traced by an operator using
the Pencil Follower, which noted
the co-ordinates of the selected
points, converted this information
into digital form and fed it into
a tape punch. The resulting tape
was then fed directly to a drilling
machine which reproduced the original pattern on a sheet of plastic
material.

Use of the Pencil Follower in
"reading" drawings for numericallycontrolled tools effects savings in
the time required to prepare tapes.
In certain applications it is possible to produce in 30 minutes a
tape which could take five hours to
prepare by conventional means. In
addition, use of the Pencil Follower reduces the risk of human error
since there is no need to record
plots manually and the punching of
tape as a separate stage also is
eliminated.
In its present form, the system is suitable for boring, drilling and line milling. Other applications are under development.
(For more information, designate
~48 on the Readers Service Card.)
OPTIMUM BOND BIDDING
PROGRAM

IBM Corporation, New York,
N.Y., now has available the Optimum Bond Bidding Program, a computer program designed to assure
the lowest possible interest cost
to a bond-i s sui ng muni ci pali ty consistent with marketability. The
program was developed to be used by
bond underwriters. An IBM System/
360, under control of the program,
can turn out a variety of bids in
minutes, freeing an underwriter
from tedious and time-consuming
manual calculations.
In addition to quickly estabthe most desirable bid
price and coupon schedule (varying
rates of interest for bonds of different maturities within a single
issue), the program calculates
selling prices, interest cost, cash
flow and other items of essential
information. According to A. H.
Pfanschmidt, industry manager - finance for IBM's Data Processing Division, the Optimum Bond Bidding
Program provides maximum precision
for underwriters
li~hing

0

Although the program is oriented toward municipal bond bidding,
it also may be used successfully in
computing bids on other types of
bond issues which are based on a
360-day year. The program is available without charge to IBM customers and can be used with a number
of models of System/360, starting
with Model 30, if they are equipped
with the necessary storage capacity.
(For more information, designate
~47 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, l%()

Newsletter

Input.Output

XEROX OFFERS NEW
COLLATING DEVICE

A new automatic sorter that
does away with hand-collating of
multi-page reports soon will be
available as an accessory to Xerox
Corporation's 2400 copier/duplicator. The automatic sorter, when
coupled with the 2400, will make it
possible to reproduce and sort 40
copie~ a minute directly from an
originpl. It will be available on
a rental basis to customers this
fall.
The sorter, modular in construction. plugs directly into the
2400 and may contain from 10 to 50
bins, depending on the number of

10-bin modules used. The arrangement shown in the picture provides
30 bins. Each bin holds up to 150
copies. A Xerox-designed transport
system automatically carries each
copy from the 2400 into the sorter.
A selector control on the device
sets the machine for the number of
bins into which copies should be
sorted.
The operator need only remove
the completed copies of the report
from each of the bins and fasten
the pages together to complete the
reproduction job. Work space is
provided at the top of the unit
for binding and distributing the
finished reports.
(For more information, designate
u52 on the Readers Service Card.)

compatible with most types and
makes of EDP equipment in use today. Its modular, solid-state
construction permits easy modification in the field to meet a wide
range of functional requirements
without costly engineering changes
or excessive down-time. The D524
also is fully compatible with Dialo-verter data acquisition/transmission systems produced by Digitronics, and adds to the variety
of terminal options available from
the company.
Principal components of the
D524 are a magnetic tape handler
as the primary input/output d~vice,
a 1024 character, core memory to
permit an efficient match between
high-speed magnetic tape and telephone lines, and a coupler for
telephone line interface. Data
is transmitted via dial or leased
telephone lines.
The D524 has a number of features including automatic vertical
and longitudinal parity checks,
detection of memory overflow or
errors, and provision for interruped operation until errors are
corrected. The new terminal has
the ability to receive from or
transmit to other magnetic tape
terminals, paper tape terminals,
printers. and also can operate online with certain other manufacturers' equipment.
(For more information, designate
u51 on the Readers Service Card.)

The TRP can be used for any
fixed block size from 4 to 40 or
more characters, or any variable
block length using a stop code
Each output bit switches up to
100 rna at voltages up to.30 VOlts,
with a variety of output options.
The maximum block stepping rate is
50 blocks/second for a 4 line block
and 7 blocks/second for a 40 line
block.
o

The new reader uses a single
character optical unit and has its
own buffer storage. Its parallel
readout feature makes it particularly suitable for any tape programmed operation. Applications
have been in programmed systems
for numerical control, circuit
testing, process contrOl, and similar areas handling a large amount
of unique or repetitive information
automatically.
(For more i.nformation, designate
U50 on the Re'aders Service Card.)

NCR OPTICAL SCANNER 420·2

National Cash Register Company
optical scanners, such as the new
420-2 shown here, now are processing from more than 20,000 cash reg-

NEW PROGRAMMABLE
BLOCK TAPE READERS
BY WANG LABORATORIES

Wang Laboratories, Inc.,
Tewksbury, Mass., have introduced
new programmable block tape readers
which combine all the advantages of
conventional readers with the high
speed and reliability of solidstate photoelectric readout and
greater current switching capacit~
isters, adding machines and accounting machines equipped with optical
typefonts, the company reports.
The 420-2 reader scans 52 lines of
print per second at up to 32 characters per line for a maximum of
1664 characters per second. This
reader is internally programmable
and has fast (lO-second) tape
change. automatic editing and variable output formats.

MAGNETIC TAPE TERMINAL
BY DIGITRONICS

A new multi-purpose EDP input/
output terminal with third generation capabilities has been made
known by Digitronics Corp., Albertson. L.I .• N.Y. The self-contained
D52,1 Magnetic Tape Termi nal is fully

block lengths from 4 lines up, with
from 20 to 320 or more bits per
block. Configurations are possible
which accomodate 40 character blocks
in one 7" high chassis.

The new Series TRP Readers, with
solid-state circuitry throughout,
are available for fixed or variable

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Scpt<:mbcr, 1966

Optical scanners can be used
for input of data either on-line
to a computer or off-line for automatic preparation of punched tape
or cards.
(For more information, designate
U54 on the Readers Service Card.)

45

Newsletter
'METAL-LESS' TYPESETTER
LINKS COMPUTER AND
VIDEO CAPABILITIES

An electronic type composition
system. capable of setting the entire text for a newspaper page in
two minutes through the use of video
and computer techniques. has been
announced by the Radio Corporation
of America. New York. N.Y. Called
Vide~comp Model 70/320. it is the
first commercially available typewetter to employ all electronic
~haracter generation. and marks a
"potential second revolution in the
printing industry." according to
Stanley W. Cochran. Division Vice
President and General Manager. RCA
Graphic Systems Division.
Videocomp is one of two new
automatic systems for the printing
industry introduced by RCA. The
second product, Colorscan II, is
an electronic color separation device, which can scan color transparencies and break them down into
the four color separations required
for full color reproduction. These
two systems, which will be marketed
by RCA, are produced by Firma Dr.
-Ing. Rudolf Hell, of Kiel, West
Germany.
Videocomp, a "metal-less"
typesetter, utilizes a computer
memory to store up to four type
fonts ranging in size from 5 to 24
points. Under program control, it
generates text at rates up to 600
characters a second, and writes it
with an electron beam on the face
of a high resolution cathode ray
tube. The characters on the tube
are exposed through a precision
lens directly onto sensitized film
or paper for subsequent printing
by offset, letterpress or gravure
proces ses.
Original copy is fed into a
computer, which hyphenates and justifies the text and produces an
output tape. This is read electronically by Videocomp, which
calls from its memory the proper
characters in desired type font
and size.
"No metal fonts, matrices or
photomasters are used," Mr. Cochran
said. "The technique is so flexible that Videocomp can extract
from its electronic storage any
specified type face or symbol -Cheltenham, Gothic, even Chinese
ideographs -- in thousandths of a
second.
"Videocomp's electronic technique makes it possible to expand,
enlarge, compress or italicize
characters; change fonts within a

46

line; have underwriting and overwriting for foreign language accent
marks, and vary line lengths for
'run-around' photographs. All such
variations are made electronically
and can be pre-programmed."
(For more information, designate
#55 on the Readers Service Card.)

ADVANCED GEOPHYSICAL
MAGNETIC RECO\RDING SYSTEM

Potter Instrument Company,
Inc •• Plainview, N.Y., has introduced a new digital magnetic tape
recording system designed for geophysical, mobile, and shipboard
field recording applications. The
new system, packaged to withstand
adverse environmental conditions
encountered in field seismic exploration operations, operates directly from a l2-volt battery, with
very conservative power consumption.
The system, FT-151, is fully
compatible with IBM and Texas Instruments tape formats. It features versatile operation, modular
construction, front access to all
components for ease of maintenance,
and minimum depth behind the front
panel for mounting in confined
areas. The standard transport provides three selectable tape speeds
with any combination from 15 ips
to 150 ips.
(For more information, designate
#53 on the Readers Service Card.)

Components

MEMORY CONTROL UNIT
INTRODUCED BY POTTER

A memory control device to
provide the logic and electronics
necessary to adapt the firm's RA~
magnetic tape random access memory
system to a standard computer interface, has been announced by Potter
Instrument Company, Plainview, N.Y.
The new control device, Model CTM4550, provides error detection and
address location to enable the RAM
to be used for data storage by any
data processing system.
The CTM-4550 accepts a 15-bit
RAM address from the data processor interface, in conjunction with
a "read" or "wri te" command. The
control unit properly positions
the RAM and locates the correct
one of up to 16 sectors on the specified track. In a "read" operation, after sector addressing has

been accomplished, the control unit
reads the entire sector from the
RAM and sends it word-parallel to
the data proces sor interface. Errorchecking through both word-parity
and sum check character, and a
record-length check are performed.
In a "write" operation, after sector addressing has been accomplished,
the control unit obtains the entire
sector word-parallel from the data
processor interface and stores it
in the RAM. Parity bits and sum
check character are affixed 'while
writing. An immediate read-afterwrite check is performed on. the
complete sector, and is completed
300 microseconds after completion
of the write operation.

Potter RAMID with Model
CTM-4550 Control Unit
Among the several accessories
available with the control unit are
a sectorization control unit to relieve the DP System from programming the addresses and a multipleRAM unit which allows a group of
RAMs to be treated as a single data
storage uni t .
(For more information, designate
#58 on the Readers Service Card.)

SHORT TAPE REELS
AVAILABLE FROM COMPUTRON

New convenience for computer
users is provided by special, short
tape reels now available from Computron Inc., Waltham, Mass. The new
"COM-PAC" reels contain precision,
certified Computape digital magnetic
recording tape in the relatively
short lengths of 300 and 600 feet •
COM-PAC, in its convenient ,selfmailing boxes, can be mailed anywhere in the country for a few
pennies. An inner, polyethylene
bag with a convenient zip fastener
seals each reel against dust and
dirt. COM-PAC reels are available
for immediate delivery, with a minimum order quantity of 10.
(For more information, designate
# 61 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19(i()

NewslaHer
MICROSECOND ONE·SHOT
PULSE CIRCUIT OFFERED

PLOTTER CONTROL UNIT
ADDED TO SERIES 200 LINE

An encapsulated electronic
pulse circuit that can be attached
directly to printed circuit boards'
has been announced by Micro Switch,
a division of Honeywell Inc. The
circuit gives a single pulse whose
duration is inversely proportional
to the output voltage: depending
on the voltage, pulse duration varies from 0.1 to 2.5 microseconds.
While the circuits are manually actuated, pulse duration is entirely
independent of how long the actuating switch is held down, the
company said.

Honeywell's electronic data
processing division (Wellesley
Hills, Mass.) has added a plotter
control unit, MOdel 234, to its
Series 200 eomputer line. The
plotter 'control permits four different Calcomp' Series 500 plotters
to be used on-line with any Series
200 computer system. Plotting is
controlled by either of two instructions which automatically
raise, lower or move the plotting
pen in one of eight directions.
Curves and symbols of any shape
can be produced, Honeywell said.
Maximum plotting speeds are 300
increments per second.
The plotter control employs
an interrupt capacity available on
all Series 200 processors, which
allows simple termination or interruption of plotting as systems
demand requires.
(For more information, designate
~57 on the Readers Service Card.)

RESEARCH FRONTIER

RAND B~ILDING WIRED FOR
"COMPUtER POWER"

What the computing industry
has predicted will be the way of
the Ifuture -- computer power distributed through wall outlets similar to ordinary electric outlets
-- is now a reality at The RAND
Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.
The installation is believed to be
the first of its kind in the world.
Special outlets have been installed in 200 offices throughout
the RAND headquarters buildi ng.
The scientist requiring access to
the computer simply wheels one of
the system's special typewriter
consoles to hi s office and plugs it
in. An automatic switching central, such as is used by telephone
companies, immediately senses his
request for service and connects
him to a powerful central computer.

COMPUTER TENSILE
TESTING SYSTEM

-- New Microsecond Pulse
Circuit. Background graph
shows minimum and maximum
pulse widths, which vary
inversely with supply voltage and load impedance.
Because the new circuits give
a one-shot pul se far faster than is
possible manually, they are especially ~uitable for computer registry control, electronic test
equipment, data links, keyboard
strobes, checking-fing counters,
radar systems and other unitarybit inputs, Honeywell said.
The circuits are available
for DC inputs ranging from 6 to 35
volts, and impedances from 47 to
2200 ohms. Output pulses can be
either positive or negative. depending on external circuit grounding. The device measures about
7/8-inch square and 1/2-inch high
and is available in quantity for
immediate delivery.
(For more information, designate
~59 on the Readers Service Card.)

A computer system for tensile
testing has been developed by Control Corporation, a subsidiary of
Control Data Corporation, Minneapolis, Minn. The new system consists of a small electronic computer, devices for acquiring stress
and strain data from the test equipment, control keyboards and output
printers, and special computer programming. Each testing machine,
which may be located a considerable
distance from the computer, is
equipped with its own control keyboard and printer. The system can
be installed at any existing tensile testing facility.
Stress and strain data is obtained by the system directly from
up to 16 simultaneously operating
tensile testers. In seconds, the
results are automatically processed
and printed as initial modulus,
breaking strength, percent of
elongation at specific loads, tenacity, work-to-break, toughness,
etc. Average and standard deviation of a sample group are also
immediately available.
Among the benefits offered by
the new system are greater accuracy, consistent results, instantaneous print out and lower cost
per test.
(For more information, designate
~56 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

-- Charles L. Baker, member of RAND's Computer
Sciences Department connects mobile JOSS console
to a computer through one
of wall outlets
Heart of the system is a specail computer language developed at
RAND which makes it possible for the
scientist, with less than an hour's
training, to communicate directly
with the computer through a conventional electric typewriter slightly
modified for the purpose. The RAND
system is known as JOSS.
At present, 30 scientists at
can plug into the system at
one time, since the high speed of
the computer conveys the impression
that each commands the machine's
full resources. When he has finished, the researcher can store
his operating programs and data in
the computer's memory •. Unplugging
the JOSS console does not erase
RA~D

47

Newsletter
this material. To retrieve it at
a later date, the researcher need
only plug in again (on any JOSS
outlet) and ask for it.
Computer specialists expect
that such large extensions of computer flexibility and accessibility
will eventually help to make computing power inexpensively and
widely available to homes, schools,
busineses, and industrial organizations.

IBM LASER COLOR SELECTOR
MAY PACK MORE DATA
IN LESS SPACE

An experimental device which
changes the color of a laser beam
at electronic speeds has been developed by IBM Corporation, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. IBM scientists believe it could lead to the development of color-coded computer memories with up to a hundred million
bits of information stored on one
square inch of photographic film.
The wavelength (or color) selector, as the device is called,
consists of a series of special
crystals and prisms placed within
a laser which generates a multicolor light beam. By applying
proper voltages to certain of the
crystals, all colors are blocked
except the one selected. Laboratory tests indicate the feasibility
of 125,000 color selections per
second. Previous color selection
techniques proved too slow for use
in computers.
Photographic memories in which
tiny spots on film represent the
"ones" and "zeros" of computer
language have previously been described by computer scientists.
The high density storage using the
laser color selector would be attainable in a system where the
"ones" and "zeros" are stored in
layers, according to color, in the
film's emulsion.
With a reversible photosensitive medium, such as photochromic
glass, the selector could be used
as the key element in a high-speed,
high-density memory in which one
color would record information in
the medium, a second color would
read the information, and a third
color would erase it.
The color selector also shows
promise for optical communications.
Color-coded light beams could carry
information, in place of wire or
cable, either within a computer or
between remote points.

48

MEETING NEWS

COMPUTER CONTROL OF
PROCESSES TO BE ANALYZED
AT A.I.Ch.E. MEET

Means of controlling chemical
manufacturing processes by computer will be described in a full day
of reports and discussion workshop
at the fall national meeting of
the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers in Atlantic City, N.J.
The symposium will be held on Tuesday, September 21, in ~he Viking
Theater of the Haddon Hall Hotel.
It is open to members of the society and others interested in
process control by computers.
In the morning session, three
speakers will report on recent
original research. After each
paper is delivered, prepared comments also will be made by an experienced person in industry and
discussion will then follow. A
fourth presentation will describe
the role of universities in providing education in computer control. Graduate training programs
at Purdue University will be used
to illustrate recent progress in
the educational field.
During an afternoon
session, discussion will
problems associated with
computer systems work in

workshop
focus on
making
industry.

Chairman for the day-long
meeting is M. T. Tayyabkhan, Manager Systems Analysis, Research Division, Mobile Oil Corporation.
Vice chairman is R. I. Gray, Union
Carbide Corporation. Readers
wishing further information may
contact Raymond C. Mayer & Associates, 9 Depot Drive, White Plains,
N. Y. 10606.

19th INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEMS MEETING

Over 2000 Systems and Data
Processing Managers, Analysts, Programmers, Trainees and Educators .
will gather at the Queen Elizabeth
and Sheraton-Mount Royal Hotels in
Montreal for the 19th International
Systems Meeting September 25-28,
sponsored by the Systems and Procedures Association. Manufacturers of computers, office equipment
and supplies will exhibit their
products during the three-day
conference.
The program has been designed
to serve all elements of the sys-

tems profession. For the first time
at an ISM, there will be five seminars given solely in French. Simultaneous translation of five English topics also will be made.
There will be 18 management seminars
ranging from Systems organization
and profit to numerical control of
machine tools. For the intermediate and junior Systems man, there
are 15 seminars on the Basic Techniques from which to choose.
In addition, the program will
feature nine case studies aimed at
helping management make the decision
on how to approach certain problems.
Topics range from company recruitment and training to planning and
implementing a world-wide EDP network. Finally, seven workshop sessions will be offered, restricted to
25 participants so that individual
problems in specific areas can be
discussed by all.
People in all areas of systems
and data processing are invited to
attend.

INFORMATION SCIENCE PROGRESS
HIGHLIGHTS '66 ADI CONCLAVE

The American Documentation Institute will hold its 1966 national
convention in Santa Monica, Calif.
October 3-7. Theme of the five-day
meeting is "Progress in Information
Science and Technology" wi th authorities in the field of information
science and technology participating in progress review panels, author forums, discussion groups and
informal information exchanges.
The sessions will be designed
to assess developments in recent
years in the theoretical and practical aspects of information which
has been defined as "the science
dealing with the properties, behavior and flow of information." This
encompasses the environmental aspects of information and communication, information and language analysis, and organization of information and man-system relationships.
Technical Program Chairman
Dr. Carlos Cuadra (Systems Development Corp.) extended an invitation
to persons from all communication
fields to attend any of the conference's sessions including author
forums and special interest group
meetings, as well as the special
tutorials for those wishing to develop a general understanding of information problems. Preliminary
programs are available from Sister
Mary Lucille of the School of Library Science at Immaculate Heart
College, Los Angeles, Calif.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, Il)()()

Newsletter

BUSINESS NEWS

IBM'S SIX MONTHS EARNINGS
UP 8.6%

IBM Corp., reports net earnings
of $253,626,545 after taxes for the
six months ended June 30, 1966. Net
earnings for the same 1965 period
were $233,094,878, up 8.6% from the
corresponding period last year.
Gross income for the six months
amounted to $1,992,980,775, up from
the $1,720,160,733 in the first half
of 1965.

BURROUGHS HAS
RECORD SALES, EARNINGS

Burroughs Corp. reports record
sales and earnings for the six
months ending June 30, 1966. The
company had net earnings of
$11,743,000 on sales of $236,608,000.
In the same period, Burroughs
earned $5,889,000 on sales of
$209,145,000. For the quarter ending June 30, 1966, earnings totaled $6,434,000 on sales of
$122,216,000, compared with earnings of $3,111,000 on sales of
$108,300,000 in the same period in
1965.

RCA SALES
TOP $1 BILLION IN HALF

RCA topped the $1 billion
sales mark for a six month period
for the first time with sales of
$1,152,600,000 for the half-year
ending June 30, 1966. Sales during the same 1965 period were
$977,900,000. Net profit for the
first 6 months of this year was
$56 million, compared with $44 million for the first half of 1965.
Records also were set for the 2nd
quarter, with sales of $566,900,000,
and net earnings of $24,100,000,
compared with sales of $495,300,OO~
and earnings of $19 mi Ilion for the
same quarter in 1965.

SPERRY RAND REPORTS
UNIVAC "IN THE BLACK"

Sperry Rand Corporation earned
$31,059,232 on sales of $1.279 million for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1966, contrasted with
$22,016,961 on sales of $1.247 million for 1965. For the first time
the Univac Division was "solidly

profitable" for the year. A profit
was realized in each of the last
five months of the fiscal year,
the firm reports.
Earnings for the first quarter ending June 30, 1966 are reported as $13,678,000 on sales of
$356,348,000. During the same 1965
period, earnings were $4,450,000 on
sales of $271,792,000. (Sales for
the first quarter 1965 were depressed because of a 38 day strike
at one of the plants).

CALCOMP HITS NEW SALES MARK

California Computer Products
traces a rising sales and earnings
curve out of the plotter business.
The Anaheim, Calif., firm reports
record sales of $2,300,000 during
the three months ending June 30,
1966. $3,500,000 in new orders
were received during the quarter
bringing the backlog as of the end
of June to $3 million compared with
$1 million a year ago.
Sales and other income for
the fiscal year ended June 30
amounted to $6,160,000, an increase
of 49% over the previous year.
Earnings reached $552,000, a 23%
increase over last year. The sale
of proprietary digital plotting
equipment accounted for 88% of
CalComp's total revenue during fiscal '66, up from 77% in the previous fiscal year.

RECOGNITION EQUIPMENT,
UNIVERSITY COMPUTING
FILE FOR PUBLIC OFFERINGS

Recognition Equipment. Inc.,
Dallas, Tex., has filed a statement with the SEC to register $8.5
million of 5 3/4% convertible subordinated debentures for sale
through underwriters headed by
White, Weld & Co., New York. The
firm will use the proceeds to finance the cost of leased optical
character recognition systems, and
for research & development, product
marketing and manufacturing.
University Computing Company,
Dallas, Tex., has filed a statement with the SEC to register
100,000 shares of common stock and
$2.5 million of debentures through
underwriters headed by A. G. Edwards
& Sons, St. Louis, Mo. The firm
will use the proceeds to expand its
EDP equipment and profession
services.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for St:ptt:mbt:r, 1966

Reduce costs
10%-15%
or more
with short-term
leases of bra nd -new
IBM System/3GO
Computers

Randolph Computer Corporation
(formerly North American Computer) is managed by America's
most experienced computerleasing team specializing in shortterm leases of new IBM
System /360 computers.
Investigate how your company may
benefit from our no-overtime and
guaranteed savings plans. Send
coupon now for full information or
phone 212-986-4722.
John M. Randolph, John G. Arbour,
Gerald J. Murphy, Cornelius T. Ryan,
Robinson R. Whiteside

r--------------------------RANDOLPH
COMPUTER CORPORATION

200 Park Ave., (Pan-Am Bldg.) N.Y., N.Y. 10017
Please send full information.

NAME
TITLE
COMPANY
STREET
CITY

STATE

L __________________________ _

49

MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS'
The number of electronic computers installed or in production at anyone time has been increasing at a bewildering pace
in the past several years. New vendors have come into the computer market, and familiar machines have gone out of production.
Some new machi nes have been recei ved wi th open arms by users others have been gi ven the cold shoulder.

of progress for readers interested in following the growth of
the American computer industry, and of the computing power it
builds.
In general, manufacturers in the computer field do not
officially release installation and on order figures. The figures in this census are developed through a continuing market
su rvey conducted by associ ates of our magazi ne. Thi s market
research program develops and maintains a data bank describing current computer installations in the Uni ted States. A
similar program is conducted for overseas installations.

To aid our readers in keeping up with this mushrooming activity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this
monthly report on the number of general purpose electronic computers of American-based companies which are installed or on
order as of the preceding month. These figures included instalAny addi tions, or corrections, from informed readers wi 11
lations and orders outside the United States. We update this
be welcomed.
computer census monthly, so that it wi 11 serve as a "box-score"
AS OF AUGUST 10, 1966
NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
Advanced Scientific Instruments

Autonetics
Bunker-Ramo Corp,

Burroughs

Computer Control Co,

Control Data Corporation

Data Machines, Inc,
Digi tal Equipment Corp,

El-tronics, Inc,
Electronic Associates, Inc,
Friden
General Electric

Honeywell Electronic Data Processing

50

NAME OF
COMPUTER
ASI 210
ASI 2100
ADVANCE 6020
ADVANCE 6040
ADVANCE 6050
ADVANCE 6070
ADVANCE 6130
RECOMP II
RECOMP III
BR-130
BR-133
BR-230
BR-300
BR-330
BR-340
205
220
EIOl-103
BIOO
8250
B260
B270
B280
B300
B2500
B3500
B5500
B6500
B8500
DDP-24
DDP-116
DDP-124
DDP-224
G-15
G-20
LGP-21
LGP-30
RPC-4000
160· / 160A/160G
924/924A
1604/1604A
1700
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3800
6400
6600
6800
620
PDP-l
PDP-4
PDP-5
PDP-6
PDP-7
PDP-8
ALWAC IIIE
8400
6010
115
205
210
215
225
235
415
425
435
625/635
645
H-120
H-200
H-400
H-800

SOLID
STATE?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N

Y
Y
semi
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N

Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

AVERAGE MONTHLY
RENTAL
$3850
$4200
$4400
$5600
$9000
$15,000
$1000
$2495
$1495
$2000
$2400
$2680
$3000
$4000
$7000
$4600
$14,000
$875
$2800
$4200
$3750
$7000
$6500
$10,000
$5000
$14,000
$22,000
$33,000
$200.000
$2500
$900
$2050
3300
$1600
$15,500
$725
$1300
$1875
$2100/$4000/$12,000
$11,000
$45,000
$4000
$11 ,000
$14,000
$15,000
$25,000
$30,000
$58,000
$60,000
$50,000
$85.000
$130,000
$900
$3400
$1700
$900
$10,000
$1300
$525
$1820
$10,000
$600
$2200
$2900
$16,000
$6000
$8000
$10,900
$7600
$9600
$14,000
$55,800
$150,000
$3500
$5700
$8500
!t26,000

DATE OF FIRST
INSTALLATION
4/62
12/63
4/65
7/65
2/66
10/65
11/66
11/58
6/61
10/61
5/64
8/63
3/59
12/60
12/63
1/54
10/58
1/56
8/64
11/61
11/62
7/62
7/62
7/65
1/67
5/67
3/63
2/68
2/67
5/63
4/65
3/66
3 65
7 55
4/61
12/62
9/56
1/61
5/60;7/61 ;3/64
8/61
1/60
5/66
12/64
5/64
9/65
11/64
9/66
6/63
2/66
5/66
8/64
4/67
11/65
11/60
8/62
9/63
10/64
11/64
4/65
2/54
6/65
6/63
12/65
6/64
7/59
9/63
4/61
4/64
5/64
6/64
9/65
5/65
7/66
1/66
3/64
12/61
12/60

NUMBER OF
INSTALLATIONS
25
7
11
6
2
4
0
40
8
162
22
15
36
34
20
46
36
135
150
85
225
155
128
100
0
0
55
0
0
80
100
12
35
310
23
118
124
55
453
26
59
10
84
90
20
19
0
50
4
4
16
0
18
60
57
114
19
70
350
18
6
440
110
44
50
54
205
64
175
65
25
28
0
150
820
119
88

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED ORDERS
0
0
5
4
6
5
4
X
X

2
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

20
1
5
12
10
90
30
21
14
3
1
5
35
40
5
X
X
X
X
X

2
X
X

85
30
X

40
X

10
X

12
14
10
4
30
X
X

1
4
50
250
X

7
80
500
X
X
X
X

4
65
40
18
30
10
280
140
X

3

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19M;

NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
lIoneywell (cont'd)

IBM

Monroe Calculating Machine Co.
National Cash Register Co.

Phi lco
Radio Corporation of America

Hayt heon
Scientific Control Systems

Scientific Data Systems Inc.

Systems Engi neering Labs
UNIVAC

X

= no

NAME OF
SOLID
COMPUTER
STATE?
y
H-1200
H-1400
Y
H-1800
Y
H-2200
Y
H-4200
Y
H-8200
Y
DATAmatic 1000
N
305
N
y
360/20
y
360/30
Y
360/40
y
360/44
Y
360/50
y
360/52
Y
360/65
y
360/67
Y
360/75
360/90 Series
Y
650
N
1130
Y
1401
Y
1401-G
Y
1410
Y
1440
Y
1460
Y
1620 I, II
Y
1800
Y
701
N
7010
Y
702
N
7030
Y
704
N
7040
Y
7044
Y
705
N
7070, 2, 4
Y
7080
Y
709
N
7090
Y
7094
Y
7094 II
Y
y
Monrobot XI
NCR - 304
Y
NCR - 310
Y
y
NCR - 315
NCR - 315-RMC
Y
NCR - 390
Y
Y
NCR - 500
1000
Y
y
2000-210, 211
2000-212
Y
y
RCA 301
RCA 3301
Y
RCA 501
Y
RCA 601
Y
Spectra 70/15
Y
Spec t ra 70/25
Y
Spectra 70/35
Y
Spectra 70/45
Y
Y
S12ectra 70L55
250
Y
440
Y
520
Y
650
Y
655
Y
660
Y
670
Y
SDS-92
Y
SDS-91O
Y
SDS-920
Y
SDS-925
Y
SDS-930
Y
SDS-940
Y
SDS-9300
Y
Sigma 2
Y
Sigma 7
Y
SEL-810/81OA
Y
Y
SEL-840L840A
I & II
N
III
Y
File Computers
N
Solid-State 80 I,ll,
90 I, II & Step Y
418
Y
490 Series
Y
1004
Y
1005
Y
1050
Y
1100 Series (except 1107)
N
1107
Y
1108
Y
9200
Y
9300
Y
LARC
Y

AVERAGE MONTHLY
RENTAL

DATE OF FIRST
INSTALLATION

$7300
$14,000
$35,000
$13,000
$20,500
$35,000

2/66
1/64
1/64
1/66
6/66
3/67

~40,OOO

12L57

$3600
$2000
$7500
$15,000
$10,000
$26,000
$55,000
$50,000
$75,000
$78,000
$140,000
$4800
$1200
$6600
$2300
$14,200
$4800
$11,500
$4000
$7600
$5000
$22,600
$6900
$160,000
$32,000
$22,000
$32,000
$38,000
$27,000
$55,000
$40,000
$63,500
$72,500
F8,500
FOO
$14,000
$2500
$8500
$12,000
$1850

12/57
12/65
5/65
4/65
7/66
8/65
11/65
11/65
9/66
2/66
6/67
11/54
11/65
9/60
5/64
11/61
4/63
10/63
9/60
1/66
4/53
10/63
2/55
5/61
12/55
6/63
6/63
11/55
3/60
8/61
8/58
11/59
9/62

~1500

$7010
$40,000

4L64

12[60
1/60
5/61
5/62
9/65
5/61
10[65
6/63
10/58

~52,OOO

lL63

$7000
$17,000
$14,000
$35,000
$3500
$5700
$9000
$15,000

2/61
7/64
6/59
11/62
9/65
9/65
11/66
11/65

~30,OOO

7L66

$1200
$3500

12/60
3/64

~3200

lOL65

$500
$1800
$2000

5/66
10/66
10/65

~2600

5L66

$1500
$2000
$2900
$3000
$3400
$10,000
$7000
$1000

4/65
8/62
9/62
12/64
6/64
4/66
11/64
2/67

~12,000

12L66

$1000
~1400

$25,000
$20,000
$15,000

9/65
llL65
3/51 & 11/57

8/62
8/56

NUMBER OF
INSTALLATIONS
12
12
17
10
0
0
3
150
350
1600
790
1
100
1
14
0
6
0
180
325
6700
1575
780
3100
1800
1700
25
1
205
6
6
33
120
120
54
330
85
9
46
124
120
480
26
20
340
42
1000
400
20
18
11
647
54
99
5
50
28
0
10
0
175
15
14
1
0
3
1
53
180
126
24
120
4
27
0
0
23
3
28
80
18

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED ORDERS
65
1
2
50
6
2
X
X

6400
4500
1500
120
560
X

200
60
30
9
X

3600
250
50
100
300
100
30
275
X

5
X
X
X

4
5
X
X

X
X
X

2
8
100
X
X

30
70
70
800
X
X
X

4
12
X
X

110
60
75
120
12
X

3
6
8
2
3
2
35
5
11
17

25
13
7
9
20
8
5
X

X
X

$8000
$11,000
$35,000
$1900
$2400
$8000

8/58
6/63
12/61
2/63
4/66
9/63

265
85
102
3300
80
280

X
38
60
100
200
50

$35,000
$55,000
$65,000
$1500
$3400

12/50
10/62
9/65
6/67
6/67

X
X

~135,OOO

5L60

11
29
16
0
0
2
35,173

TOTALS

40
100
40
X

22,543

longer in production.

• To avoid double counting, note that the Control Data 160 serves as the central processor of the NCR 310. Also, many of the orders for the
IBM 7()'14, 7074, and 7094 I and II's are not for new machines but for conversion from existing 7040,7070, and 7090 computers respectively.

C< )~IPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

51

IN THE COMPUTER FIELD:

Who?

What?

Where?

Answers, Basic Source Information, are available to you
from

THE 1966 COMPUTER DIRECTORY AND BUYERS' GUIDE
the regular June issue of

©(gJomf(5)(1l]~~~

Lj~Ii1ldl SllUl~(tJ)11"ifil6l\1:DC)(ii)

published in June, 1966

CONTENTS
•

Roster of Organizations in the Computer Field

•

Roster of Products and Services: Buyers' Guide to the Computer Field

•

Roster of Electronic Computing and Data Processing Services

•

Survey of Consulting Services

•

Survey of Software Suppliers

•

Descriptions of General Purpose Digital Computers

•

Characteristics of General Purpose Analog Computers

•

Survey of Special Purpose Computers

•

School, College and University Computer Centers -

•

Computer Associations -

Roster

•

Computer User Groups -

Roster

•

Over 1000 Areas of Application of Computers

Roster

•

for Subscribers to "Computers and Automation," whose present
subscription does not include the "Computer Directory" (your
magazine address label is marked *N) . . . . . . . . .. $7.50

•

for Nonsubscribers ................. '. . . . . . . .. $9.95

(Notice: If your magazine address label is marked *D, your subscription
includes the "Computer Directory")
Send prepa id orders:

Computers and Automation
815 Washington St.

Newtonville, Mass. 02160
If not satisfactory, returnable in seven days for full refund.
Designate No. 17 on Readers Service Card

52

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19G()

RAY MOND R. SKOLNICK
Reg. Patent Agent
Ford hzst. Co., Div. of Sperry Rand
Corp., Long Island City 1, New York
The following is a compilation of
patents pertaining to computers and associated equipment from the "Official
Gazette of the U. S. Patent Office,"
dates of issue as indicated. Each entry consists of: patent number / inventor (s) / assignee / invention. Printed
copies of patents may be obtained from
the U.S. Commissioner of Patents,
Washington, D.C. 20231, at a cost of
50 cents each.

January 25, 1966
3,231,864 / Robert L. McIntyre, Elmsford, N.Y. and Charles F. Saunders,
Sunland, and Dale V. Schmidt, Pacoima, Calif. / General Precision Inc. /
Digital Computer.
3,231,867 / William F. Bartlett, Rochester and Barrie Brightman, Webster,
N.Y. / General Dynamics Corporation /
Dynamic Data Storage Circuit.
3,231,868 / Leon Bloom, Morris Cohen,
and Sigmund N. Porter, Los Angeles,
Calif. / The National Cash Register
Company / Memory Arrangement for
Electronic Data Processing System.
3,231,869 / Frank A. Hill, Van Nuys,
A. ]. Pankratz, La Canada, Alfred W.
Sanborn, North Hollywood, and Ben
T. Sato, Los Angeles, Calif. / General
Precision, Inc. / Information Storage
and Search System.
3,231,871 / Albert W. Vinal, Owego,
N.Y. / International Business Machines
Corporation / Magnetic Memory Systelll.
3,2:31 ,872 / Oleg Avsan, Huddinge, Gote
Bark, Bandhagen, Kurt Alvar Olsson,
Tullinge, and Ake Bertil Fredrik Svensson, Hagersten, Sweden / Telefonaktieholaget L M Ericsson, Stockholm,
Sweden / Magnetic Memory.
3,231,873 / Joseph P. Sweeney and John
C. Mallinson, Harrisburg, Pa., and William K. English, Menlo Park, Calif. /
AMP Incorporated / Bi-Directional
Magnetic Core Shift Register.
February 1, 1966
:),2:t!,533/ Willis A. Boothe, Scotia, N.Y.
/ assignor to General Electric Company / Fluid-operated Logic Circuit.
3,2:1:1,085 I Reed C. Lawlor, San Marino,
Calif. (412 W. 6th St., Los Angeles,
Calif.) / no assignee listed / Logic
System.
3,2:1:1,117 / Eugene ]. Rymaszewski,
Poughkeepsie, N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporati()n I High Speed Logical Circuits
Elllploying A Negative Resistance Devireo
3,233,224 / Jerry Flickwir Foster, Arcadia, Lawrence Le Roy Bewley,. Covina,
alltl James Russell Bennett, Glendora,
Calif., and Edward L. Glaser, Newton

53

Square, Pa. / assignors Burroughs Corporation / Data Processing System.
3,233,227 / Richard ]. Petschauer, Minneapolis, Minn. / assignor Fabri-Tek
Inc. I Permanent Memory Data Storage Device.
3,233,229 I George Angus Gibson, Stevenage, and David Charles Tyler, Hitchin,
England / assignors General Electric
Company Limited, London, England /
Apparatus for the Reproduction of
Digital Data Recorded on a Plurality
of Parallel Tracks on a Recording Medium.
February 8, 1966
3,234,399 / Thomas M. Lo Casale, Warminster, Pa. / assignor Sperry Rand
Corp. I Logic Circuit.
3,234,517 / Henry L. Herold, Palo Alto,
and Robert B. Wright, Saratoga, Calif.
I assignors General Electric Company I
Data Processing System.
3,234,518/ Laszlo L. Rakoczi, Merchantville, and Eli Gloates, Haddonfield,
N.]. I assignors to Radio Corporation
of America I Data Processing System.
3,234,524 I Robert I. Roth, Briarcliff
Manor, N.Y. / assignors International
Business Machines Corporation / PushDown Memory.
3,234,526 I Shintaro Oshima, Musashinoshi, Hajime Enomoto, Ichikawa-shi,
and Shiyoji Watanabe, Tokyo-to, Japan / assignor Kokusai Denshin Denwa
Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo-to, Japan, a
company of Japan / Analogue Memory
Circuit.
3,234,527 / Vincent J. Korkowski, Richfield, Minn. / assignor Sperry Rand
Corporation / Transfluxor Reading
and Writing.
February 15, 1966
3,235,714 / Louis G. Oliari, Brockton,
and Richard D. Pasciuto, Randolph,
Mass. / assignors Honeywell, Inc. / Information Handling Apparatus.
3,235,717 / Gunter Martens, Schliersee,
Upper Bavaria, Germany / assignors to
Kienzle Apparate G.m.b.H, Villingen,
Black Forest, Germany / Matrix Information Transforming Device.
3,235,718 I Eugene T. Walendziewicz,
Philadelphia, Pa. / assignor Burroughs
Corp. I Magnetic Device for Performing Complex Logic Functions.
3,235,845 / Adin D. Falkoff, Croton-onHudson, N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corp. / associative Memory System.
3,235,846 I Bunzi OkazakI, Tokyo, Japan I assignor to Nippon Electric Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan / Data
Processing System.
3,235,854/ Patrick R. Nugent, Wellesley,
Mass. / assignor to Honeywell, Inc. /
Information Handling Apparatus.
3,235,855 / Way Dong Woo, Newton
Center, Mass. I assignor to Honeywell
Inc. I Binary Magnetic Recording Apparatus.
February 22, 1966
3,237,024 / William C. Mavity, Van
Nuys, Calif. I assignor to Radio Corporation of America / Logic Circuit.

3,237,166 / Joseph Weizenbaum, Palo
Alto, and Robert B. Wright, Saratoga,
Calif. / assignors General Electric Company / Data Transfer Apparatus in
a Data Processing System.
3,237,167 I Melvin P. Xylander, Apalachin, N.Y. / assignor International
Business Machines Corp. / Shift Register Utilizing Magnetic Cores and Transistor Latch Circuits.
3,237,168 / Theodore M. Hertz, Whittier, Calif. / assignor North American
Aviation, Inc. / Instruction Sequence
Control for a Digital Computer.
3,237,172 / Karlheniz Gosslau, Hans
Joachim Harloff, Friedrich Ohmann,
and Gerd Schneider, Munich, Germany
/ assignors to Siemens & Halske Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich,
Germany / Impulse Storage Matrix
Comprising Magnet Cores Having Rectangular Hyster~sis Loops.
March 1, 1966
3,238,505 / David Shapiro, Watertown,
and William G. Daly, Jr., Belmont,
Mass., and Harry G. Williams, Tampa, Fla. / assignors to Honeywell Inc.
I Information Handling Apparatus.
3,238,507 I Joseph Weizenbaum, Palo
Alto, Calif. I assignor to General Electric Company / Apparatus for Transferring Data Between non-contiguous
Memory Locations and a Data Handling Means.
3,238,508 / Donald M. Kelley, Lake
Katrine, N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation
/ Logical Manipulator.
3,238,509 / Joerg E. Schnoor, Rolling
Hills, Richard G. Fisher, Torrance,
and Arthur M. Angel, Rolling Hills,
Calif. / assignors to The National
Cash Register Company I Control
Means for a Random Access Storage
System.
3,238,510 / Harold L. Ergott, Jr., Apalachin, N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation,
I Memory Organization for Data Processors.
3,238,511 / Harold C. Anderson, Silver
Spring, and Kenneth E. Peltzer, College Park, Md. / assignors to Litton
Systems, Inc. / Subatomic Resonance
Storage and Recording Process and
Article.
3,238,512 I Gerard A. Alphonse, New
York, N.Y. / assignor to Radio Corporation of America / Dual Element
Superconductive Memory.
3,238,516 / Terence Hore, Reigate, Surrey, England, / assignor to North
American Philips Company, Inc., New
York I Reduction of Delta Noise in
Coincidentcurrent Magnetic Matrix
Storage Systems.
March 8, 1966
3,239,655 / Paul E. Goldsberry, Lexington, Ky. / assignor to International
Business Machines Corporation /
Single Cycle Binary Divider.
3,239,689 / Robert O. Winder, Trenton, N.]. / assignor to Radio Corporation of America / Logic Circuits.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966

Computer
Program Design
(Southern California)
HUGHES Guidance and Controls
Division has several openings for
qualified persons who have the
ability to create complex digital
computer programs-and the desire
to do the job thoroughly and efficiently. Satisfaction of current
commitments on such systems as:
PHOENIX. IRAM. VATE and ASG-18
requires experience in the design
of real-time command and control
programs. or of software programs
for execution on an IBM 7094 or
GE 635 computer.
Responsibilities include: specification, design, implementation, checkout and support of computer
programs for a wide variety of
applications including:
• Airborne Navigation & Fire
Control
• Digital Simulation of Airborne
Computer and its environment
• Automatic In-Flight & Depot
System Testing
• Assem..blers & Compilers
• Automation of Electronic
Equipment Design
Requires: an accredited degree in
Engineering or Mathematics, a minimum of three years of professional
experience and U.S. citizenship.
Please airmail your resume to:
Mr. Robert A. Martin
Head of Employment
HUGHES Aerospace Divisions
11940 W. Jefferson Blvd.
Culver City 31, California

r------------------,

I

I

I

I

:L __________________
HUGHES:J
HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

AEROSPACE DIVISIONS

3,239,816 / Mary A. Breslin, Philadelphia, Pa., Mary Louise Moore, Livermore, Calif. and William F. Schmitt,
Wayne, Albert Tonik, Philadelphia,
and William J. Turanski, deceased,
late of Philadelphia, by Margaret K.
Turanski, administratrix, Narberth,
Pa. / assignors to Sperry Rand Corporation, / Computer Indexing System.
3,239,818 / Harold E. Petersen, Chappaqua, and Michael Teig, Yonkers,
N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation / Memory
System.
3,239,821 / Thomas E. Baker, Framingham, and Ronald I. Day, Wakefield,
Mass. / assignor to Sylvania Electric
Products Inc. / Tunnel Diode Data
Storage.
3,239,822 / John S. Davis, Glendale,
and Paul E. Wells, Los Angeles, Calif.
/ assignor to Thompson Ramo W 001dridge Inc. / Permanent Storage Wire
Screen Memory Apparatus.
March 15, 1966
3,240,114 / Frederick Jonker, Washington, D.C. and William P. Gingras,
Rockville,' and William L. Parks III,
Silver Spring, Md. / assignor to Jonker
Business Machines Inc. / Information
Storage and Retrieval Copy Apparatus.
3,240,119 / Arthur W. Tyler, Weston,
Mass. / assignor to Itek Corporation
/ Data Retrieving Apparatus.
3,240,880 / Manfred R. Kuehnle, Lexington, Mass. / assignor to I tek Corporation / Data Processing Apparatus.
3,240,920 / Charles J. Barbagallo,
Needham, and Richard D. Pasciuto,
Randolph, Mass. / assignor to Honeywell Inc. / Data Transmission Verifier.
3,240,921 / Gunnar E. Sundblad, Bromma, Sweden / assignor to Svenska
Data-Register AB, Stockholm, Sweden,
/ Data Handling System.
3,241,126 / Richard L. Snyder, Malibu,
Calif. / Assignor to Hughes Aircraft
Company / Magnetic Shift Register.
3,241,127 / Richard L. Snyder, Malibu,
Calif. / Assignor to Hughes Aircraft
Company / Magnetic Domain Shifting Memory.
March 22, 1966
3,242,326 / William H. Cox, Beaumont,
Texas / assignor to Sun Oil Company
/ Method and Apparatus for the analysis to Seismic Records.
3,242,349 / Laszlo Leslie Rakoczi, Phoenix, Ariz., and John W. Figueroa, Arcadia, Calif. / assignors to Radio
Corporation of America / Data Processing.
3,242,350 / Frank A. Smalto, Endicott,
N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation / Shift
Register.
3,242,467 / Richard C. Lamy, San Jose,
Calif. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation / Temporary Storage Register.

An equal opportunity employer - M & F

54

March 29, 1966
3,243,603 / Jack Saul Cubert, Willow
Grove, and Thomas M. LoCasale,
Warminster, Pa. / assignor to Sperry
Rand Corporation / Logic Circuit.
3,243,693 / Toshio Kinoshita, Ichige,
Katsuta-shi, and Akira Kurabayashi,
Kodaira-shi, Japan / assignors to Kabushika Kaisha Hitachi Seisakusho,
Tokyo-to Japan, a jointstock company
of Japan / Programmer.
3,243,778 / Harry R. Shillington, Glen
Ellyn, Ill. / Assignor to Western Electric Company / Data Processing Circuit.
3,243,779 / Harry R. Shillington, Glen
Ellyn, Ill. / Assignor to Western Electric Company / Data Processing Circuit.
3,243,780 / Marc Bendick, Pacific Palisades, Vincent J. Galati, Granada
Hills, and Donald B. Manning, Manhattan Beach, Calif. / assignors to
Systems Development Corporation /
Random Access Storage and Delivery
Device.
3,243,782 / Francis O. Underwood, Endwell, N.Y. / assignor to International
Business Machines Corporation / Data
Handling System.
3,243,783 / Edward J. Rabenda, Poughkeepsie, Wayne D. Brodd, Wappingers
Falls, and Eugene E. Marquardt,
Poughkeepsie, N.Y. / assignors to International Business Machines Corporation / File Search Data Selector.
3,243,785 / Milton W. Green, Menlo
Park, Calif. / assignor to Radio Corporation of America / Superconductive Associative Memory· Systems.
3,243,786 / Paul M. Davies, Manhattan
Beach, Calif. / assignor, by mesne assignments to Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc. / Associative Memory Cell
Selecting Means.
April 5, 1966
3,244,864 / Glyn H. Jones, Hacienda
Heights, Calif. / assignor to Burroughs
Corporation / Subtraction Unit for a
Digital Computer.
3,244,902 / Kenneth O. King, Rolling
Hills, Calif., and George F. Minka,
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
/ assignors to The National Cash
Register Company / Inhibit Logic
Circuit.
3,244,903 / Brian Elliott Sear, Oreland,
Pa. / assignor to Sperry Rand Corporation / Logic Circuit.
3,244,905 / Arnold S. Farber, Yorktown
Heights, N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation
/ Tunnel Diode Logical Circuit.
3,244,908 / Thomas M. Lo Casale,
Warminster, Woo F. Chow, Horsham
Township, Montgomery County and
Jack S. Cubert, Willow Grove, Pa. /
assignor to Sperry Rand Corporation
/ Logic Circuit Utilizing Tunnel and
Enhancement Diodes.
3,245,058 / George D. Bruce, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation
/ Semi-Permanent Memory.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 196(,

April 12, 1966
3,246,298 / Franz Josef Schramel and
Hans Kok, Hilversum, Netherlands /
assignors to North American Philips
Company, Inc. / Apparatus for Receiving Messages and Transmitting
them in certain of a number of Directions.
3,2'16,302 / Thomas B. Martin, Collingswood and James E. Saultz, Oaklyn,
N.J. / assignor to Radio Corporation
of America / Coupling of Logic Neurons.
3,2.16,303 / Lowell D. Amdahl, Northridge, Calif., Gene M. Amdahl, Chappaqua, N.Y., Howard L. Engel,
Woodland Hills, and Edward J.
Schneberger, Canoga Park, Calif., and
John V. Blankenbaker, Lawrenceville,
N.J. / assignors to Thompson Ramo
Wooldridge Inc. / Stored Logic Computer.
April 19, 1966
3,247,4B8 / Herbert Frazer Welsh, Philadelphia, John Presper Eckert, Jr.,
Gladwyne, William F. Schmitt, Wayne,
and Lawrence F. Harrison, Norristown,
Pa. / assignors to Sperry Rand Corporation / Digital Computing System.
3,247,489 / Edward H. Sussenguth, Jr.,
Arlington, Mass. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation / Memory Device Including Func·
tion Performing Means.
3 247 490 / Glen R. Kregness, Hopkins,
, and Charles J. Pence, Minneapolis,
Minn. / assignors to Sperry Rand Corporation / Computer Memory System.
3,247,'192 / Robert J. Furlong, Poughkeepsie,N.Y. / assignor to International Business Machines Corporation
/ Automatic Memory Start Circuit for
Asynchronous Data Processing System.
April 26, 1966

,.

3,2·lB,522 / Byron F. Burch, Jr., Phoenix, Arizona, and Myles E. Wood,
Norristown, Pa., / assignors to General
Electric Company / Information Reading System.
3,2·lB,523 / Edgar O. Morgenson, Jr.,
Norristown, and Walter C. Fresch,
Phoenixville, Pa., / assignors to Burroughs Corporation /
Information
I fandling Device.
3,2·1Il,5GO / Robert R. Leonard, Boston,
Mass. / assignors to Honeywell Inc. /
I nformation Handling Apparatus.
3,2·1B,5G1 / James L. Walsh, Hyde Park,
N.Y. / assignor to International Businl'SS Machines Corporation / Logic
Circuit.
3,2·111,563 / Hung Chang Lin, Monroeville, Pa. / assignor to Westinghouse
Electric Corporation / Low Power
Semiconductor Logic Circuit.
3,2,111,564 / Frederick Henry Rees, Lon
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