196612

196612 196612

User Manual: 196612

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13 r

mental Instruction System

How to put your finger on one item out of 36,000

A division of H. K. Porter
Company, Inc., does it
by dialing a computer center.
Anyone of 36,000 items could be
at any of seven warehouses and
eight plants across the nation.
When a product is sold, the
information on punched cards
is sent via Bell System
Data-Phone* service over regular
telephone lines to the Porter
computer center in Pittsburgh.
The information is instantly

*Service mark of the Bell System

recorded on magnetic tape and
fed into the computer.
I n a matter of milliseconds,
the computer tells the production
status or inventory location
of the product. And the entire
order is processed for shipment
in one working day. (It formerly
took up to fourteen days.)
As ordering information flows in,
the computer updates the
average monthly demand,
economical production quantities,

and safety stocks.
Replenishment orders are automatically produced when needed.
The result has been a cut in
inventories. And customer
service is at its best.
We can help you put your finger
on the way to move information
quickly and efficiently.
Just call your Bell Telephone
Business Office. Ask to
have our Communications
Consultant contact you.

Bell System
I. & T®
a
A T.
•

American Telephone & Telegraph
and Associated Companies

These 9ifts girst
For those dreaming of computers for Christmas, or instrumentation using digital techniques, we have two free gifts
for you - that really should be opened first.
Just published is a 540-page Handbook of Small Computers,
which begins with a primer (or, what everyone should know
about small computers), and goes on to describe, in detail,
three of the most exciting small computers in the industry.
The PDP-SIS, the PDP-S, and the L1NC-S are general purpose, on-line, real time, Fortran-speaking machines that are

friendly, approachable, creatively adaptable ... Prices begin
at $10,000 for a complete computer.
The 330-page Digital Logic Handbook describes four series
of Flip ChipT .. modules, which are not only ideal for interfacing
with the computers, but from which most digital instrumentation can be made. The handbook describes the logic in
detail, as well as applications.
Write for you r presents.

COMPUTERS' MODULES

DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754. Telephone: (617) 897-8821 • Cambridge, Mass. • New Haven. Washington, D. C.• Parsippany,
N. J .• Rochester, N. Y.• Philadelphia. Huntsville. Pittsburgh. Chicago. Denver. Ann Arbor. Houston. Los Angeles. Palo Alto· Seattle. Carleton Place and Toronto,
Ont. • Reading, England • Paris, France • Munich and Cologne, Germany • Sydney and West Perth, Australia • Modules distributed also thraun11 Allied Radio

Designate No. 4 on Readers Service Card

When it comes to wrapping a
package or patching a cut or recording a symphony there is usually one brand of tape that does
the job a little better than anything
else ... but people being what they
are, not everyone uses it.
Likewise, in critical data processing applications, there is one
precision tape that stands above the
rest in terms of value ... but not

Designate No. 3 on Readers Service Card

everyone uses Computape either.
There are still tape users who
have not discovered {hat, if they
buy Computape, they get far more
than a certified reel of reliable,
quality recording tape. They still
haven't found that the tape itself is
only half the story ... that unlike
many other tape manufacturers,
Computron follows through.
Those who do use Computape,

of course, are familiar, not only
with the quick delivery, the fine
performance, and the convenience
features, but also with extras such
as Computron's unique applications engineering service - available without charge, on short notice, in all parts of the country.
Perhaps you should be using
Computape. Find out. Write today
for the complete story.

aLEBJ CCMPUTRCN
.

INC

122 CALVARY STREET. WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 02154

The front cover shows an experimental instruction
system designed for an educational research
classroom in Stanford University, Calif.
For more information, see page 42.

©CQ)[flFQCQ)LSof0~~@
(EJ o=u cQ]

DECEMBER, 1966 Vol. 15, No. 12

editor and publisher
EDMUND C. BERKELEY

associate publisher
PATRICK J. MCGOVERN

assistant editors
MOSES M. BERLIN

CEJ~~'G;@OlfUm, I felt that coverage in only one publication
would also be inappropriatf'. I am therefore sending a copy
ot thiS artiCle to several leading publications serving the data
processing community.
should continue to have the right to prevent the use of
his copyrighted work in the printed output of the computer beyond the bounds of fair usc, but he should not
have the right to prevent the feeding of the work into
a computer, since normally the output will be of a kind
which would be fair use if no computer were used.
The Electronic Industries Association expressed a similar
position.
In .June 1965 the author appeared before a House subcOIIlIllittee as "the sole and very unofficial representative of
the data processing community." (See "Computers and Automation," Sept. and Oct., 1965.) He urged that the subcommittee give serious consideration to these positions. However, recognizing the power of the opposing interests, he
suggested as a compromise that at least the definition of
"copies" be modified to f'xclude strictly transient reproductions as in the memory of a computer. This would allow
computers to store copyrighted works temporarily in memory
(for searching, indexing, etc.) without infringement if the
original copy could be lawfully obtained in an input format
suitable for the machine (e.g., direct machine reading of
printed text or microfilm). Although the legislators were not
prepared to go as far as Attorney Lawlor had suggested,
they have adopted the latter compromise suggestion.
The bill favorably reported by the House Committee on
the Judiciary now contains the following definition: "a work
is 'fixed' in a tangible medium of expression when its embodiment in a copy . . . is sufficiently permanent or stable
to permit it to be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated for a period of more than transitory duration."
Thus it appears that at least (3) would no longer constitute
an infringe~ent. The Committee also noted:
Recognizing the profound impact that information storage and retrieval devices seem destined to have on
authorship, communications, and human life itself, the
committee is also aware of the dangers of legislation prematurely in this area of exploding technology . . . . The
committee expresses the hope that the interests involved
will work together toward an ultimate solution to this
problem in the light of experience. Toward this end the
Register of Copyrights may find it appropriate to hold
further meetings on this subject after passage of the new
law. (H.R. Rep. No. 2237, 89th Cong., 2d Sess. at 5354(1965))
No change was made in the provision which seems to
ratify the Copyright Office's earlier decision that computer
programs are copyrightable. In fact, the Committee noted:
"computer programs . . . could be regarded as an extension
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

of copyrightable subject matter Congress had already intended to protect, and were thus considered copyrightable
from the outset without the need of new legislation." (Id.
at 43.)
The bill as it now stands has been reported favorably to
the House by the appropriate committee but still awaits
committee approval on the Senate side. Readers interested
in expressing an individual opinion may wish to write to their
representative or senators. Readers expressing the opinion of
an organized computer organization may wish to write directly to Rep. Emanuel Celler (N.Y.), Chairman, House
Committee on the Judiciary; Senator John L. McClellan
(Ark.), Chairman of the Subcommittee of Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights; or Senator James O. Eastland

(Miss.), Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary.
The author would be interested in and would appreciate
receiving any comments on this matter as he intends to keep
an eye on the bill as it makes its way through Congress.

John F. Banzhaf, III

(A member of the Bars of New York State and the District
of Columbia, Mr. Banzhaf has served as Visiting Lecturer for
the A.C.M. for the 1965-66 year and has written a number
of articles on topics related to law and computers.)

SEARCHING FOR AND RECOGNIZING LIFE ON MARS
(Based on a report by Roger K. Field, in "Electronic Design,'1
for October 25, 1966)
Even though a soft-landing on Mars may not be achieved
until 1977, proposals for a probe of that planet are now being evaluated. One proposal to be made by a group of scientists at MIT would send a self-propelled probe, or robot,
with highly advanced electronic visual-sensing and decisionmaking capabilities.
Such a robot would roll along or walk along the surface
of Mars, and react when it sees something interesting. If
the object that caught its interest moved, the robot could
possibly follow it. If the object were a formidable barrier,
the robot could back up and move around it. In any case,
the robot would send back to earth only the information that
described the interesting topographical features and distinctive sounds of Mars and, hopefully, any encounters with
moving objects.
Since nothing is known about the nature of possible life
on Mars, the best tests are those that make fewest assumptions about such life. The proposed visual tests are based
on assumptions that are very nearly independent of the biochemistry of Mars.
For the past three years Dr. Warren McCulloch, a neurophysiologist, and Louis Sutro, electrical engineer, have studied
at MIT the role to be played by artificial visual perception
in the exploration of Mars. McCulloch believes that the
studies of the frog's eye, presently underway, will be useful
in understanding the operations of any eyes in nature.
A team including physicist Dr. Roberto Moreno-Diaz,
Richard Warren, and Louis Sutro have been collaborating
for months to duplicate the frog's eye with available electronic components. Moreno-Diaz has arrived at a model of
the eye, that might be implemented with electronics. Some
time a~o, Warren demonstrated feasibility by simulating
part of an eye and its logic on one of the Institute's computers .along with a simulated "scene."
The decision-making equipment will be a series of small

I.

From R. L. Lansche
Chief, Technical Liaison Office
Department of the Army
Tulsa District, Corps of Engineers
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74102

integrated-circuit computers. They wiil evaluate all information coming from the camera and select one of a number
of possible courses of action of the robot such as:
Advance to _ _ _ _ __
Turn right.
Turn left.
Right itself (after overturn).
Perform experiment 1.
Perform experiment 2.
Maintenance cycle.
Communicate mode 1.
Communicate mode 2.
The small computers in the robot that issue these commands would check each other and continuously "vote" on
the order of importance of all possible commands. The
computers would either be interconnected, or they would
actually time-share one complex computer.
Certain over-all modes of operation would have priority,
like "righting after overturn," and certain problems could be
referred to earth for decisions by either a giant computer
or by men.
The particular part of the frog's eye they simulated is the
bug-detecting ganglion cell. Four sets of ganglion cells actually detect these patterns: edges, over-all dimming, any
time-varying visual event, and movement of a dark convex
edge (bugs). This bug-detecting ganglion has a rather complex response. It responds to an object that moves into the
field of the retina provided that the object is relatively small,
is darker than the background, and has a sharp leading edge
and is approaching the center.
The bug-detecting ganglion cell does not respond to a
moving straight edge, changes in level of illumination, changes
in the speed of an object, amount of contrast, or light-colored
moving convex edges.

IIPERSPECTIVEII - COMMENTS

\Ve are holding a computer usage seminar soon, and would
like to add Edmund Berkeley's splendid editorial, "Perspective," in the April 1966 issue, to the information materials
being distributed.
With your permission we will distribute copies to 25 Corps
of Engineers employees.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

II.

From the Editor

Thank you for your letter. We give you permISSIon to reprint the editorial. We are glad that you liked it.

11

liTHE THIRST FOR COMPUTER KNOWLEDGEI I
I.

From H. C. Price Consultant Chest Physician

-

COMMENTS

Fulham Chest Clinic, W'estern Hospital

Seagrave Road, S. W. 6 London, England

I was very interested in the editorial "The Thirst for Computer Knowledge" in the July issue of "Computers and Automation."
I have first-hand experience of the great difficulty from
which most of us suffer in obtaining information when and
where we require it. The interest in computer techniques

II.

in the Health Services in Britain is increasing, and we are
not an isolated example, if one may judge by the interest
shown at the Conference in Elsinore last April/May which
I attended and which you mention in your article.
I sincerely hope there is a good response to your remarks
and perhaps you will keep me in contact with any further
developments.

From the Editor

We appreciate your response to the ideas we put forward
in that editorial.
·One good way to acquire information about computers is
through participation in computer societies in various coun-

tries and districts. In the annual computer directory issue
of "Computers and Automation," on page 106 to 109 of the
June, 1966 issue, are some rosters of associations in the
computer field. We shall be very glad to publish the names
and addresses of all new associations.

AUTOMATION OF POPULATION REGISTER SYSTEMS-

International Symposium, Jerusalem, Israel, Sept. 25-28, 1967
CALL FOR PAPERS
International Symposium on Automation of Population Register Systems
Information Processing Association of Israel

P. O. Box 3009
Jerusalem, Israel

An International Symposium on Automation of Population
Register Systems will be held in Jerusalem, Israel, from 25
to 28 September, 1967. The Symposium is being organized
by the II).formation Processing Association of Israel (lPA),
and is sponsored by the International Computation Centre
(ICC) and the International Federation for Information
Processing (IFIP).
The Symposium will include the following subjects:
(1)
(2)

ADP and Manual Population Register systems - critical descriptions.
ADP system design problems of population registers,.
including:
(a)
(b)
( c)

(3)

Personal and Family records.
Historical records and updating.
Integration between population registers of different agencies.

Applications:
Social Security personal records and accounts and
other applications of Population Registers, in connection with elections, social welfare and national
assistance, education, health, employment, taxes, drivers' licenses, army, police and trade unions.

(4)

Technical aspects, such as:
(a)

12

Personal identification number systems, inCluding the use of check digits.

(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Soundex coding of names.
Random access and batch processing.
File organization and random access equipment.
Updating and search procedures for alphabetical file~.
(f) Telecommunication with field offices for. input,
inquiry and output.
(g) Time Sharing.
(5) Economic aspects of ADP Population Register Systems and their evaluation.
(6) Statistical applications - derivation of vital statistics
and population estimates from population registers
and their use for sample surveys. Matching of population registers with population censuses. Simulation
of demographic models.
Experts in ADP and in Population Register administration
are invited to submit papers. The time for the presentation
of a paper will be 20 minutes. Papers' should relate to one
of the above subjects or other topics connected with the automation of population register systems.
A summary, not exceeding one page, should be submitted
to the address above not later than 31 December 1966. It
should contain the title of the paper and the name and full
address of the author.
The Program Committee will notify the authors of those
papers which have been approved.
Final papers should be submitted, not later than 30 April
1967, typewritten, doubled-spaced, in four copies.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966'

COMPUTER PERSONNEL RESEARCH
GROUP CONFERENCECALL FOR PAPERS
Dr. Charles D. Lothridge
General Electric Company
579 Lexington Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10022
Technical papers are invited for presentation at the Computer Personnel Research Group's Fifth Annual Conference,
June 26-27, 1967, at the University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland.
Reports of research in the following major areas are sought:
1. Identification and selection of computer personnel
with emphasis on development and validation of selection instruments;
2. Training and development of computer personnel
with emphasis on new or revised techniques;
3. Current and anticipated changes in knowledge and
skills needed by computer personnel;
4. Problems and skills involved in management of computer personnel.
Authors are requested to submit to me by February 1,
1967, a 300-word summary outlining the problem, procedure,
results, and conclusions of their research to me. Authors will
be notified of selection by March 1, 1967.

COLLECTED ALGORITHMS - SERVICE
"Communications of the ACM"
Association for Computing Machinery
211 East 43rd St.
New York, N.Y.
Beginning in June 1966, the Association for Computing
Machinery inaugurated a loose-leaf service called "Collected
Algorithms" with regular supplements. The purpose is to
keep reports on algorithms comprehensive and up to date.
All algorithms published in the "Communications of the
ACM" from 1960 through June 1966, and also every "Remark" and "Certification" that has been published, have been
collected and collated together, and published in a form to
fit a three-ring binder, as a ready reference manual. Supplementary "Collected Algorithms" along with newly published
"Remarks" and "Certifications" will be sent every two months
to subscribers to this service. For prices, inquire of the ACM.
An algorithm is an effective computing procedure, such as
the usual procedure taught in arithmetic for finding the
greatest common divisor of two whole numbers.

COMPUTER ART - COPYRIGHT NOTICE
- CORRECTION
The computer art submitted by Maughan S. Mason and
published on page 9 of the August, 1966, issue of "Computers and Automation" should have borne the notice:

EDP Industry and Market Report
is compiling a National Computer Installation Census. The computer installation descriptions in
the Census are compiled each six
months.
EDP I & M Report is seeking alert
men and women with their knowledge of computer equipment and
its applications to conduct this
census on· a regular basis. The
census is conducted by telephone and/or persona~ visits. Each census taker will
work within 50 to 100
miles of his home.
Computer
census
taking is a part-time
project. The hours are
quite flexible. Compensation is good. An excellent
way to become acquainted
with computer installations
in your area.
For further details, clip the
coupon below and return it with an
outline of your computer experience and the days
and/or hours you would be available for computer
census taking activities.

r---------------------,

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

EDP I & M REPORT/CENSUS DEPARTMENT,
355 Walnut Street, Newtonville, Massachusetts 02160

~

NAME _____________________________

:

ADDRESS __________________________

I am interested. Please send me further information
on participating in the EDP Industry and Market
Report National Computer Census. Attached to this
coupon is an outline of my experience in the computer field, and the times I have available to do telephone/field interviewing work in my area.

II CITY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ STATE _ _ _ _ ___
L _____________________ ~

Copyright© 1966 by Maughan S. Mason.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

13

THE COMPUTER'S ROLE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

Booz, Allen, and Hamilton, Inc.
Chicago, Ill. 60603

rrBy 1970 it is predicted that these companies will devote an average of
30 per cent only of their computer effort to finance and administration
and the remainder to the operating area and other areas."

An analysis of the current and future use of computers by
33 successful manufacturing firms in the United States has
been made by a study team of our organization. This yearlong study provides a composite view of the computer's role
in United States manufacturing industry.
A total of 189 in-depth interviews were conducted with top,
operating, and computer management in the 33 companies
p"articipating in the study. Annual sales range from under
$100 million to several with more than $1 billion. The companies are not identified by name in this study, but have been
selected from each major industrial classification on the basis
of past growth and profitability.
The most siRnificant findinR in the study is this:

The computer has become an integral and increasingly
important part of the management function.

RELATIONSHIP OF SIZE
OF COMPANY AND LEVEL
OF COMPUTER EXPENDITURES
Per Cent of Sales

Major Points Found in the Study
• The computer is considered by the companies as an
important tool in competing successfully with other
firms in the industry.
• Firms with the most successful computer operations
are those in which the top management is vitally interested and participates actively in the operation.
• Companies plan to increase the use of the computer
in operating areas such as marketing, distribution, production, and research, development and engineering.
They plan to place less relative emphasis on applications in finance and administration, which have been
the initial and the heaviest areas of computer use.
• Computer operations which are considered superior are
managed by men who are experienced in the company's general operations as well as in computer operations and who are knowledgeable about what is
required to make the business profitable.
• The effectiveness of computer applications within
many of the companies varies significantly from one
application to another and among the firm's operating units.
• Planning most effectively for future computer appli-'
cations is a major problem for management.
• The concept of a "computerized command center"
operating out of the president's office is closer to
science fiction than to fact, although most firms are
moving to more integrated computer systems.

Annual Sales

RANGE

MEDIAN

$ 50-99 Million

0.28-1.33%

0.71%

$ 100-199 Mi Ilion

0.13-1.26%

0.49%

$200-999 Mi Ilion

0.14-1.01 %

0.46%

The Companies Included in the Study

$1 Billion and up

0.22-1.20%

0.58%

The Companies in the study represent three basic areas of
manufacturing. They are:
• Continuous process-produced consumer products such
as food processing and clothing manufacturing. These

14

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

firms utilize process-flow manufacturing to produce
finished products for marketing and distribution to the
ultimate user .
• Fabricated' and assembled products such as heavy industrial equipment. These firms are fundamentally
oriented to producing and/or assembling component
parts into a finished product either for industrial or
consumer use.
• Continuous process-produced industrial products such
as chemicals or steel which are used in the manufacture of finished items. These firms are oriented to
the process-flow production of materials and products
for further fabrication by others into finished products.
Of the 33 firms in the study, 25 per cent are in the consumer field; 45 per cent, fabricated and assembled products;
and 30 per cent, industrial products.
As mentioned above, annual sales of the 33 firms range
from under $100 million to several with more than $1 billion.
In each firm, interviews were conducted with the top and
operating management as well as computer management.

the companies in the survey is .22 per cent of sales, and the
average is .54 per cent of sales.
The 33 firms in the study have a wide range of computer
experience, extending from 1 to 12 years, with a median of
9 years.
The total computer costs - machines, systems and planning and all other operating costs - vary from $1.27 to
$13.30 per thousand dollars of sales. Actual dollar expenditures range from $128,000 per year to $:-lO,Om,Ooo per year.
The median company spends $1,18G,OOO annually, or $5.40
per thousand dollars of sales.
The median firm spends 37 per cent on equipment, primarily for machine rental; 19 per cent on systems and planning activities, including new applications design and programming, and the remaining 44 per cent on other operating
costs such as salaries, supplies, maintenance programming
and cost of space.
TOTAL COMPUTER COSTS
PER THOUSAND DOLLARS OF SALES
Number of Companies

$12.00

COMPUTER INSTALLATIONS PER COMPANY

and over

Up to $1.99

Number of
Companies

10

~--~----------------------------

$8 to $9.99

$6 to $7.99

1-2

3-5

6-10

11-20

21-50

51-120

Number of Computers Installed

Computer Use
The survey found that the 33 firms arc heavy users of
computers. The median firm has six computers at two locations. The value of installed computers in the companies
ranges from $47,000 to $16,000,000. Computer value ranges
'from .05 per cent of sales up to .59 per cent of sales, or from
$5 to $59 per thousand dollars of sales. The median for

Computer equipment costs, as a percentage of total computer activity expenditure, range from 25 per cent to 50
per cent. Systems and planning costs range from 7 per cent
to 31 per cent, and other operating costs vary from 31 per
cent to 65 per cent.
Actual dollar computer equipment costs range from $60,000
to $20,000,000 per year; systems cost from $20,000 to $14,000,000 per year; and other operating costs from $47,000 to
$16,000,000.
The firms rated highest by the study team in computer
effectiveness spend a higher percentage of annual sales on
computers, ranging from 1.0 per (,(,l1t for highest rated effectiveness, to an average of only 0.13 per cent for firms in the

COMPUTER ACTIVITY COSTS AS
PERCENT OF TOTAL COMPUTER COSTS
Number of Companies

EQUIPMENT

OTHER OPERATING COSTS

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

SYSTEMS AND PLANNING

15

lowest range of computer usage effectiveness.
Firms which have been using the computer for a long time
tend to spend more money on their computers than companies which are relatively new in the field. For example,
companies which have been computer users for more than 10
years spend an average of 0.68 per cent of sales on computers,
while those with less than five years experience spend 0.31
per cent of sales. Or, put another way: A firm with annual
sales of $100 'million with five years of computer experience
can expect its computer costs to increase from about $310,000
a year to $680,000 over the next five years, if it follows the
pattern of the more experienced companies in this survey.

FUTURE
EFF ECTIVENESS RATING
Number of Companies

Rating of Effective Computer Usage
The study team rated each of the 33 firms in two areas of
effectiveness in their use of the computer:
1. Overall relative effectiveness in relating the computer to
the particular operating needs of the company and its
business requirements.
2. Relative effectiveness of current applications in each of
six areas of the business.
These six areas are:
Financial and administrative - financial reporting
and analysis, accounting, payroll, invoicing and
billing.
Management planning and control - capital investment analysis, and resource allocation, mathematical model simulation.
Marketing operations - sales forecasting, sales analysis and control, market research, and sales order
processing.
Distribution operations warehouse operations,
shipment order processing, traffic, and in-the-field
inventory control.
Factory operations - materials controls, production
scheduling, quality control, and in-plant inventory
control.
Research, development and engineering
product
testing, product design and evaluation.
In over-all effectiveness in use of the computer, one firm
ranked in the highest group; eight rated in the second group;
14 in the middle; eight in the fourth; and two in the lowest.
In the effectiveness of computer use in the six basic areas
of applications, the firms in total rated highest in the areas
of finance and administration, followed by planning and control, marketing, distribution, factory operations, and research
and development and engineering, in that order.
The computer effort in each of the six areas of applications
represented the following usage percentage:
Finance and administration: 'average of 47 per cent,
with a range of 20 to 7,0 per cent.
Production: average of 16 per cent with a range of
5 to 40 per cent.
Distribution: average of 11 per cent, ranging from 5 to
40 per cent.
Marketing: average of 12 per cent, ranging from 5 to
25 per cent.
Research, development and engineering: average of 8
per cent with q range of 0 to 50 per cent.
Planning and control: average of 6 per cent, with no
firm using more than 10 per cent of its computer effort
in this area.
Continuous-process industrial-product firms tend to be more
effective users of computers than the other two types of
companies.
Fabricated-and-assembled-product companies tend to follow
the same general pattern as all companies combined.
Continuous-process-consumer-product firms, as a group, are

16

(RANK 1t1: HIGHEST
RANK liS: LOWEST)

CURRENT
EFFECTIVENESS RATING
Number of Companies

RANK itS

RANK 1t1

(RANK 1t1: HIGHEST
RANK itS: LOWEST)

the least effective users of computers among the 33 surveyed
companies.
The study emphasized that nearly all of the companies surveyed are, in fact, doing an effective job of using their computers, based on our experience with computer usage in
manufacturing firms other than the 33 in the survey.
The survey team found that the companies that ranked in
the lowest effectiveness group in this survey are really, not
below average in computer usage, compared to all manufacturing firms. The lower-rated firms in the study are simply
not as effective users of computers as others in the survey.
The Computer as a Major Management Tool
Presidents and other top managers of the 33 firms in the
study, repeatedly emphasized to the study team that the
computer was becoming increasingly important in their management operations throughout the spectrum of the firms'
operations.
Among the comments made by the top managers of these
firms are the following:
"Computers are already essential in our business in order
processing, billing, inventory control, sales analyses, and
accounting. But the real pay-offs will show up during the
next decade in automated production, refined sales forecasting and analyses, and reduced production/ delivery cycle
time."
"Our future efforts will be largely in improving management reporting, greatly extending our computer use in our
operations, particularly in forecasting, inventory control,
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

EFFECTIVENESS RATING BY APPLICATION
Number of Companies

RANK It~ RA~K itS

RANK 111

1

RANK itS

PLANNING AND CONTROL

PRODUCTION

MARKETING

FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION

RANK 11'1

PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION

RANK 11'1

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT
AND ENGINEERING

(RANK 1t1: HIGHEST
RANK itS: LOWEST)

and scheduling, and in using simulation to analyze new
production technology, new products and potential acquisitions. "
"Our computer activities grew up in accounting and distribution. In the past few years, top management has paid
more attention to re-focusing our computer efforts. We
have now started to see real benefits in the areas of marketing, reduced product cost, and improved customer
services."
"To date our computer activity has paid for itself through
reduced credit floats. We have just started to use our computers in operating areas where the eventual be,nefits are
obviously much larger."
The Computer as a Competitive Tool
The study team found that a major reason for aggressive
computer application was to beat the competition.
As one executive said:
"Our real goal is to make sure that we achieve more benefits from computers than our competitors do."
And, in the words of another executive, a president:
"Clearly, in our industry, computers have becom~ :ssent.ial
to survival. We've reduced our clerical and admInIstratIve
costs. We're turning over our inventory of raw materials
close to 20 times a year and our finished goods inventory
about 10 times a year. We've leveled out many of the
swings and oscillations in our manufacturing ope:ations.
And, as far as I can see, we've about stayed even With our
competitors. "

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Management Attitudes
The study found that of the 33 firms, the top management
of 21 have ~ "very favorable" attitude toward computers
while those of seven" -firms have a "favorable" attitude and
those of five firms feel "i'ndifferent, uneasy or unconcerned"
about comput~,rs. All of these companies feel that their computer is, making ,a contribution to the operation of .their businesses. In no company did top management have a negative
attitude about the computer.
In those firms where the top management has a "very
favorable" attitude about the value of the computer, the
team found that the firm's president expressed enthusiasm
about th~ computer's advantages, urged his managers to learn
the uses of the computer, and believed the increased cost of
computers was a justifiable expense.
Where the top management had a "favorable" attitude
toward the use of thecomput~r, the study team found that
the president had, the same general feeling of enthusiasm
but terppered it with some skepticism.
As one member of the study team said:
"The' presidents in' this ~econd group were probably less
willing to make major changes in organization and personnel to take advantage of the computer's value than' the
men in the 'very favorable' gnmp. Although none of the'
five presidents in the 'indifferent, uneasy, unconcerned'
group were hostile in their attitudes toward the computer,
by and large, they' don't have a high confidence in computer people. These five firms also had the shortest computer experience. 'The reason why these firms had the
shortest experience with the use of the computer may be
the unconvinced attitude of their top managers, which
delayed their installing, a computer in, the fir~t place."

17

The study found that as the computer becomes established
as just another activity area of the business, top management
tends to exert the same influence over computer activities as
it does over other equally important company matters.

Changes in Computer Use
At present, an average of 47 per cent of the computer's
time among the 33, firms in the study is used for finance and
administration, "traditional" areas of computer activity.
The rest of the computer effort - 53 per cent - is spent
in the operating areas - production, distribution, marketing
- and in planning and control, and research and development and engineering.
By 1970, it is predicted that these companies will devote
only an average of 31 per cent of their computer effort to
finance and administration and the remainder to the operating and other areas. The finance and administration applic~tions will continue to expand but at a rate much slower
than that of the operating applications.

As one study team member said:
"When most firms begin to computerize, the first place is in
administration and finance. It is in this area where the
clerical savings are most likely to be made. But as the
period of natural evolution proceeds, th'e company begins
to use, the computer more and more for operating activities
with fewer new applications in finance and administration.
You might say that most companies need a digestive period
- a time during which they learn to live with the computer. During this period of evolution and digestion, the
company becomes aware that its competition is getting
more advantages by using the, computer for operating functions. It is exposed to the capabilities of the computers
and, in the process of bringing into the firm new men who
have had computer experience elsewhere, becomes increasingly conscious of various other uses to which the computer
can be applied."
Firms with more than ten years experience have placed
more emphasis on applications in marketing, distribution, and
research and development and engineering activities.

PRESENT EFFORT *

FUTURE E'FFORT

*

PLANNING
AND
CONTROL

DISTRIBUTION

AREA
* Allocation

of combined computer, systems design, and management time.

A major trend in these companies is a balancing of total
computer effort across all basic application areas. Most are
well established in applications directly related to the operating areas characteristic of the orientation of their particular
type of business.
At present, the continuous-process industrial-product firms
tend to put a greater emphasis on research and development
and engineering applications. By 1970, these firms plan to
significantly increase computer effort in production, distribution and marketing applications.
Fabricated-and-assembled-product firms are now putting
most of their efforts into production applications. By 1970,
these firms plan greatest relative increases in applications to
be in research and development and engineering, and distribution.
Consumer-product firms now emphasize marketing and distribution in their computer operations. By 1970, these firms
plan to increase their computer use in production, and research and development and engineering applications.
The study found that firms with less than five years experience with computers tend to be more oriented to finance
and accounting or administration applications than those with
more experience. The companies with five to ten years of
experience place siightly less emphasis on these applications
than the less experienced group, but significantly more than
the group with more than ten years experience. The group
with five to ten' years experience also devotes more computer
effort to production than the less experienced group.

18

Significantly, all three groups place the same relatively
limited emphasis on top management planning and control
applications. Presumably this is because of a slower evolution of the development of mathematical and other decision
assisting techniques which enable the computer to be most
effective in this area. However, there is high interest in
applications of operations research and computers for management planning and assistance in control decisions.
Virtually all of the firms said they intended to gradually
undertake more sub-systems integration. All are in the process
of coordinating logically related specific computer systems
into larger units. For example, 11 of the firms have made
considerable progress in integrating systems in the distribution
function.
In the next four years, another 13 of the companies plan
to have their distribution systems fairly well integrated. Only
five firms have made much progress in integrating factory
systems, but by 1970, 21 additional firms expect to have
integrated computer systems in their factory operations.

Personnel Assignment
The study revealed an increasing tendency to assign management of computer operations to men who were experienced in the company's operations as well as in computer
management and knowledgeable about what is required to
make the business profitable.
In the 33 firms, 23 had assigned the key computer management positions to men with significant experience in their
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

firm's operations. Only four had staffed these positions with
men having only experience in data processing and systems
planning and design. The remaining six top computer managers had general accounting background.
Variation in Quality of Computer Management
The study found variation in the computer usage within
the 33 companies. And, of course, the research team found
variation in computer usage among industries and among
individual firms in the same industry.
In 26 of the 33 firms in the study, the research team
found significant variations in the effectiveness of computer
applications among management levels, in the effectiveness
of different applications in single operating units, and in the
same applications across the various divisions. Variations in
effectiveness of inventory control or production operations
among divisions is a representative example of this. No
pattern was discerned in th? variations, but the variations
do indicate a continuing need for coordination and control
to achieve computer goals.
Controlling the Computer
Coordinated applications planning - the determination of
what additional activities of the firm will be computerized,
what existing computer activities will be improved and how
this is to be accomplished and in what sequence - is a major
area of concentration for most of the companies. There was
general recognition of the need for coordinated short and
long range plans for computer activities.
Twenty of the firms listed applications planning as a major
computer management problem.
The primary criteria for management evaluation, of both
proposed applications and of results achieved by applications,
are of three principal types.
Cost reduction resulting from improved efficiency in performing existing non-automated activities is still the principal
evaluation basis used by 13 companies.
Analyses of return on investment are conducted formally
by 12 firms. Informal evaluations of operating improvements,
either in terms of better performance in meeting company
needs or customer or supplier needs, are conducted by four
companies.
The 12 firms using the formal-return-on-investment analysis
include three of the top four firms rated highest in computer
usage effectiveness.
Of the 13 firms using cost reduction as a basis for applications approval and evaluation, only three were rated in the
top third, four were in the middle group and six were in
the lowest group.
The study team reported that the use of cost reduction
as the applications approval and evaluation basis in the lower
rated firms is a reflection of the types of applications implemented when cost reduction is the primary objective.
Of the four firms using operating improvement as a basis
for applications approval and evaluation, three were in the
highest group for effective computer usage and one was in
the middle group.
The study clearly shows that the firms which are rated
higher in usage effectiveness favor the operating improvement
evaluation. These firms have moved into broader applications that more directly contribute to company operations and
that are not necessarily justifiable by cost reduction.
Top management looks to the corporate computer staff for
initiation of new computer applications, although one third
of the firms rely either on operating management alone or in
combination with the corporate staff.
A direct influence on the effectiveness of computer applications is the degree to which top management or operating
management participates in the planning process. Plans for
future usage of the computer tend to be more specifically
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

defined in those firms which place at least some responsibility
for applications planning on operating management.
Much has been written about the advantages of centralization vis-a.-vis decentralization of computer activties. There
is no evidence of correlation in this sample between the
computer usage effectiveness of companies using decentralized or centralized approaches. Both approaches seem
to be able to concentrate the computer effort where it is
needed. This study shows that in companies where the normal
management structure is highly centralized, a basically centralized computer system works best. Likewise, in decentralized companies, decentralized computer activities appear to
work best. Management, wisely, structures the computer
function in the same manner as they do other key operations of the business. However, all or nearly all successful
users have provided strong central coordination and planning.
Command Center in President's Office?
The so-called "total integrated management information
system," the "board room computer," or the total "command
and control center" in the president's office is a great deal
closer to science fiction than to fact.
Not one of the companies in the study regard the "total"
system as a near-term goal. However, it is frequently discussed and considered a distinct possibility for "sometime in
the future" in most companies. As such, it does affect current
planning. Most firms are establishing plans for central direction and policy control to assure that standards and practices
are not conflicting within the company as a requisite to
modular and possibly, ultimately, totally integrated computer
systems.
The firms which are closest to integrated systems are those
which are highly centralized, have relatively short product
lines and marked geographic concentration.
All of the 33 firms have either generally defined an ultimate total system concept for their business or are in the
process of so doing.
Of the 27 firms which already have a defined ultimate
concept, all are envisioning some form of close integration
of applications, if not in a totally integrated system, at least
in integrated modular units.
Most of the firms see a pattern for the future which may
be called an "integrated-decentralized system." This means
that the various computer units in the firm would be centrally
coordinated and controlled to assure compatible systems design, but operating units would still plan, manage and control
their own computer usage and operations.
Auditing the Computer
A significant finding of the study was the wide acceptance
of the use of a regular audit as a means for controlling and
evaluating computer usage.
All but two of the firms employ a regular evaluation audit,
usually on an annual basis. The two firms not making regular
audits were rated 29th and 31st out of the 33 firms in usage
effectiveness.
The survey team found a definite pattern of relationship
between high top general management influence and impact
on computer activities and total applications coverage in
regular evaluation audits.
In most of the 31 companies which make a regular evaluation audit, top management tends to look more to the
computer staff than to operating management for primary
responsibility. This responsibility for the audit is assigned to
the computer staff in 20 of of the companies and to operating
management in the other 11. But, six of these 11 firms rated
highest in usage effectiveness. In these six firms, the survey
team found an apparent tendency toward balancing planning
responsibility and audit responsibility against operating management and computer staff.

19

machines that make data move

HOW
RELIABLE
CAN
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
BE!
Reliability is becoming an increasingly important factor in the growing sophistication of data communications and processing systems. In a
real-time system, data has to be
available quickly if accurate, timely
decisions are to be made. Thus, any
equipment breakdown can cause
serious delays in the movement of
raw or processed data. This is why
Teletype sets - the simplest and
most versatile terminal equipment
- are built to last with little maintenance required.
.
In fact, you can find Teletype machines still operating daily that were
built over twenty-five years ago. Today, this same reliability is still part
of Teletype data communications
equipment. Modern Teletype sets
will stand up continually under all
kinds of rugged conditions-regard-

20

Designate No. 7 on Readers Service Card

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

less of whether they are used in a
steamy jungle, out in space, on
ships at sea, in offices or data
processing centers.
The following examples point out
how Teletype equipment reliability
improves the efficient operation of
any data system.

questing transmission of the prepared tape. As the tape is received
at the data processing center, it is
fed directly into the computer. In
only a few hours after a transaction
is made, management has an upto-date report to assure inventory
control and accurate production
scheduling.

Speeds flow of data "Use of
(punched) paper tape as our exchange medium has permitted everincreasing volumes of data to flow
between company points at no appreciable increase in cost." That's
the way the communications service
manager of a midwest automotive
parts manufacturer described the results of the company's data processing system.

Since the operation is automatic, no
attendant is needed at night. If there
were a breakdown, no one would
be present to correct it and see that
the data is transmitted. That's why
Teletype equipment reliability is so
vital to this system's operation.

As finished goods are produced at
any of the firm's several plants,
shipped to one of the distribution
centers, or transferred between locations, data on these transactions is
recorded onto a continuous roll of
punched paper tape. This is done by
the local operator of a Teletype
Model 33 ASR (automatic sendreceive) set. Periodically the
prepared tape is loaded into a
Telespeed 1050 high-speed tape-totape sending set, which operates at
105 characters per second (1050
words per minute).

computers and Teletype page printers to provide quick and accurate
performance information to assure
reliable operation and prevent turbine damage. The system's operator
control center has three Teletype
printers. One is used to provide
periodic logging of variable station
operations.

This is where reliability becomes an
important factor in this data system.
Six times during the day and night
the company's data processing center automatically polls each of the
Telespeed sets at the eight distant
plants and distribution outlets, re-

Assures reliable turbine operation
An electric generating plant uses

Another serves as an alarm, displaying "off-normal" and "return to normal" conditions. The third Teletype
machine is used as a demand point
log for digital trending, group review of preselected variables, and
turbine startup and information log.
Thus, without the reliable performance of Teletype equipment, the
accurate operation of this electric
generating plant would be seriously
jeopardized.
Most widely used terminal equipment Their reliability as well as
versatility and other capabilities
point out why Teletype machines
are the most widely used for transmitting data from where it originates
to where it must go to be of value.

And, that is why this Teletype equipment is made for the Bell System
and others who require reliable
communications at the lowest possible cost.
Additional uses of Teletype equipment in aiding data communications
and processing systems within a
number of businesses and industries
are explained in our brochure,
"WHAT DATA COMMUNICATIONS
CAN DO FOR YOU." For your copy
contact: Teletype Corporation, Dept.
88M, 5555 Touhy Avenue, Skokie,
Illinois 60076.

TELETYPE

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

21

Annual Pictorial Report
DIGITAL COMPUTERS

A COMPUTER HISTORY / IBM Corporation --- Three generations of IBM computers work side-by side at
the Aetna Life & Casualty Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn. From the oldest to the newest computers
-- a span of less than ten years -- processing speeds rose as much as 400 times and memory capacities grew from 140,000 bits of information to more than 2 million bits, while their storage areas
shrank to half-size. The first, the IBM 705 (left), uses vacuum tube circuits. The second, the
IBM 7074 (center), uses transistorized circuits. The newest generation, installed this year, the
IBM System/360 Model 65, uses micro-miniaturized circuits -- with components the size of typewritten periods. To multiply 10-digit numbers 100,000 times, took the IBM 705 four minutes; the IBM
7074 does it in six seconds; and the System/360 in six-tenths of a second. The three computers
are used by Aetna for applications ranging from the maintenance of all life and casualty policy
records to premium and loss accounting and the compilation of management statistics.

COMPUTER KEYBOARD TYPESETTING SYSTEM / Di/An
Controls, Inc. --- This special purpose system, shown at the left, combines an entirely
new keyboard and computer, and is built specifically for typesetting. It converts copy into accurate linecaster/photocomposing tape -from keyboard to machine ready tape in one step.
The keyboard allows the operator to keyboard
into a computer memory and not directly to the
punch. Only when a line is completely justified is it sent out of the computer memory into the punch. The 110 character per second
BPRE punch (lower left) may be located up to
250 feet from the computer console (right).
Complete control setting for the computer unit
is located in front panel. Font selection plug
(just below control settings) is easily removed
for quick change of font cards (see insert at
upper left of photo). Production rates of 700
newspaper lines (11 pica-8 ft) per hour are not
unusual (For more information, designate #43
on the Readers Service Card.)
o

22

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Digital

UNIVAC 9000 SERIES / Sperry Rand Corp., Univac
Division --- The UNIVAC 9300 data processing
system (shown above) is a low cost, high performance punched card and magnetic tape system.
This member of the 9000 series, featuring a
plated-wire memory and monolithic integrated
circuitry, has a memory cycle time of 600 nanoseconds (billionth of a second). The platedwire memory in the 9000 Series, in addition to
exhibiting the advantages of speed, small size
and low power requirement, are significantly
easier to fabricate, thereby reducing over-all
manufacturing costs. Plated-wire memory panel
(shown to the right) has a capacity of storing
4096 bytes of information on each side. In
lower portion of the photo is a closeup of the
plated wires each of which is five-thousandths
of an inch in diameter. Monolithic integrated
circuits in the new series are built on single
silicon chips. These tin~ circuits increase
processor speed by shortening electronic paths.
One chip, as magnified in the photo at the
upper right performs the same functions as one
of the large conventional printed circuit boards.
The monolithic integrated circuit board, shown,
is the equivalent of fourteen of the conventional boards. (For more information, designate
#45 on the Readers Service Card.)

MODEL 480 GENERAL PURPOSE DESK-TOP COMPUTER / Business Information Technology, Inc. (BIT) --- The BIT 480 processor
features variable word length, up to 4 data channels (3
with simultaneous compute ability), 8 ~sec core memory,
is Byte-oriented, and provides binary and decimal arithmetic. The 480 can be used in a wide range of business,
scientific and industrial applications as a data-communication terminal, as an industrial process controller, as
a data acquisition link, or as a sicentific processor.
(For more information, designate #46 on the Readers
Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

23

Digital

B6500 COMPUTER / Burroughs Corporation This thi rd generation electronic data processing system (lower right) is
equipped for multiprocessing, parallel processing, and
real-time and time-sharing operations. The central processor utilizes monolithic and integrated circuits throughout. At the left, the fun photo shows a monolithic integrated circuit as viewed by an ordinary cricket that can
be found in any basement. For comparison of the circuit's
mounting see the pictures below it -- actual size of the
component is 3/4" long. The ultra-fast thin film main
computer memory has a cycle time of 600 nanoseconds and is
expandable from 16,384 words up to 106,496. Word length
is 48 information bits plus two special purpose bits. The
planar thin film memory surfaces are only l/lOOOth as
thick as a human hair. Each contains 3072 storage spots
on which information bits are deposited. Below, to the
right, is a view of thin film memory grouping used in the
B6500 system. Adjuncts for the new computer include a
large capacity, high-speed, "head-per-track" disk file
secondary memory system and a wide range of data communications capabilities. The photograph at the lower left
shows the head-per-track design of Burroughs disk files.
(For more information, designate #44 on the Readers Service Card.)

24

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Digital

L[[,"CL'l' e[C w::
c. en:: [[["ec'c' eee L[[ "t

L LLL

[- L[e

[[C' [

;: eee er[ [:[ [[[ :c;:
[ LL[ [I[ EL[ eLL [eE

DATA/620 SYSTEM COMPUTER J Data Machines,
Inc., Division of Decision Control, Inc.
The DATA/620 is reported to be onf:third the size with one-half the number
of components as other machines in its

price range; yet it has two times the instruction
repertoire. It is a 4096-word machine requiring
26.5 inches of standard rack space. Standard word
length is 16 bits, but this is modifiable through
bit-oriented logic to 18 bits. Control of memory,
registers, bus connections, input/output, adder
and shift logic is available externally to the processor through ~-EXEC (shown at left). ~-EXEC is
the technique of using the computer's micro-functions to form complex macro-functions. (For more
information, designate #50 on the Readers Service
Card .)

EAI 640 DIGITAL SYSTEM / Electronic Associates, Inc.
EAI's second purely digital system offers the
input-output flexibility and software for use both
as a stand-alone system and for integration into hybrid and special computer-based systems. Options
include expansions for teletype equipment, a direct
memory-access channel, and memory expansions from the
basic 4K words to 8K, 16K or 32K. The 640/610 Line
Printer (right rear in system photo) is shown at the
right with cover lifted. (For more information, designate #51 on the Readers Service Card.)
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

25

. Digital

BURROUGHS E1400 I Burroughs Corp. Electronic circuit designs adapated
from big computers now are being used
in compact business machines like this
new Burroughs E1400. This one can read,
write, memorize facts, do arithmetic,
and print business reports, at only a
fraction of the cost of the large electronic computer systems. (For more information, designate #47 on the Readers
Service Card.)

AMBILo(; 200 COMPUTER I Adage Inc. The Ambilog
200 is a general-purpose digital computer with
hybrid arithmetic capabilities for direct handling and parallel processing of both analog and
digital information. That is, it can evaluate
in one machine operation expressions involving
both analog and digital data. The video display
with light-pen control, shown in photo, encourages a rare degree of direct user involvement in
signal processing. The user can "program" the
Ambilog to perform data acquisition, display,
editing, and analysis. The Ambilog 200's capabilities are fundamental to a broad spectrum
of scientific and industrial research applications: simulation, biomedicine, seismology,
oceanography, dynamic-test instrumentation, communications, and telemetry. (For more information, designate 348 on the Readers Service Card.)

DDP-516 COMPUTER I Honeywell, Computer
Control Division The DDP-516 has been designed for a variety of real-time on-line applications such as physics research, railroad
control, data reduction and process control.
More than 250 software programs are immediately available. This third generation integrated circuit computer features 960 nanosecond cycle time, expandable memory to 32,768
words and MTBF in excess of 4000 hours. The
compact l6-bi t machine is built wi th I/C fl.-PAC
logic modules and an IIC fl.-STORE ICM core memory. The picture shows three vertical leaved
units which contain the system power supply,
left, central processor and options, and core
memory. The tilt out units provide easy access to both the logic. modules and interwiring. (For more information, designate #49 on
the Readers Service Card.)
~-COMP

Digital

MATHATRON MOD II / Mathatronics, Inc. This desktop digital computer/calculator has a set of simple
pushbuttons indicating decimal numbers, arithmetic
operations, and algebraic functions. Inside, it is
a solid state electronic computer, with core memory
for program and data storage and your own special
formulas wired in. Unique among desktop computers
is Mathatron's new 1/2 power (square root) function
which mathematically closes parentheses and computes
power to the 1/2 of ei ther a single ,quanti ty or the
computation enclosed. Also a digit retention feature allows the operator to enter numbers of unlimited length, the device automatically preserves the
nine most significant digits and adds all additional entries to the exponent. Modular construction
permits expansion into a wide range of peripheral
equipment and accessories as computational needs
grow. (For more information, designate #52 on the
Readers Service Card.)

..

SIGMA 7 / Scientific Data Systems Sigma 7 configuration which provides real-time, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, and time sharing, includes (left to right): line printer, magnetic tape
systems, central processor unit, operator's console, Teletype, and card reader and punch. The central processor of conventional computers frequently remains idle when peripheral equipment is in
use. Wi th Sigma, special Input/Output Processors (I'OPs) operate independently of the central processor so that 32 peripheral devices can be operated simultaneously. Since being announced in
March, memory speed has increased thrity percent from a memory cycle time of 1.2 ~sec to its present 850 nanoseconds. (For more information, designate #53 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

27

ANALOG COMPUTERS

ANALOG BLENDING SYSTEM / Leeds & Northrup Company --- Under the geodesic dome of Carborundum Company's new plant at Niagara Falls, there will be an automatic control system for processing silicon carbide material from railroad sidecar unloading through
grinding, sizing, blending, and storage. Leeds & Northrup will supply this system with
controlled loss of weight blending, at a cost of approximately $102,000 for the Carborundum's Electro Minerals Division's new plant. (For more information, designate #54
on the Readers Service Card.)

DIGITAL DATA-TRAK NO. 4070 / Research, Inc., R-I
Controls Division --- This device has been developed for synchronous programming of multichannel analog control systems. The standard
model will program 30 control channels and is
expandable to 150 channels by adding plug-in
circuits. A typical application is in multipoint temperature control during environmental
testing. The programmer operates by setting and
updating the control points of the various channels according to instructions punched on standard paper or mylar tape. It is capable of updating individual channels at the rate of one
every .003 seconds. As many as 90,000 control
point settings can be programmed on one 10-inch
reel 'of tape. Program tapes may be prepared by
standard computer equipment or by a Tape Preparation Station that accompanies the programmer
(left in photo). For more information, designate #55 on the Readers Service Card.)

28

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Analog

,.

ODEX COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM / Odex Engineering Company This new 'solid-state computer
system, operating in the Gulf of Mexico, completely controls, monitors and logs 40 offshore gas wells to assure a constant supply of dry gas for distribution while simultaneously recovering the maximum amount of profitable condensate. Designed to be compatible
with existing field equipment, savings effected by the system are expected to payoff
the initial computer costs within 9 to 12 months. The system, housed in a fiberglass
house, is situated offshore on the production platform. It was designed to become a
"slave" of a master control system and, ultimately, entire production operations for an
oil company could be run from an Odex master control panel situated in the home office.
The human equivalent of this computer system would be a time-shared executive who would
carryon 40 telephone conversations and would operate 40 computers simultaneously. (For
more information, designate U56 on the Readers Service Card.)

EAI 8800 ANALOG/HYBRID COMPUTING SYSTEM / Electronic
Associates, Inc. A view
of the 8800 with accessory
input/output equipment.
(For more information, designate u57 on the Readers
Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

29

DA...A ...RANSMI......ERS
AND CONVER...ERS
'e

ELECTRONIC AGENT SET / Sperry Rand
Corp., Univac Division United
Air Lines agent operates simulated
mockup of the airline's push-button
reservations set, representing a
new $39 million computerized electronic information system being
built by Univac Division of Sperry
Rand. New system will process information in 17 different categories. System will be installed at
United's executive headquarters
near Chicago in 1968.

QURA® 1041/61 / Dura Business Machines This system introduces solid state circuitry combined
with advanced punch and reader design in an automatic typewriter, with a code converting device,
cable connected. An interchangeable program board is utilized to convert any 5, 6, 7 or 8 channel code to any other code including ASCII, and simultaneously produce hard copy. This board is
individually programmed to suit particular needs. Tape programming possibilities are said to be
almost limitless. When not used as a tape-to-tape converter, the 1041/61 can be used for processing data, repetitive letter writing and other systems functions. When the Dura 1041 unit of
the system is not in use as an automatic typewriter, it functions as a conventional electric
typewriter. (For more information, designate #66 on the Readers Service Card.)

;i.,

Data Transmitters
and AID Converters

01

AUTOMATIC HE-TRANSMISSION EXCHANGE (AHX) /
ITT World Communications, Inc. A magnetic drum which stores messages and releases them on demand from an electronic
"brain" for distribution to overseas points
is a vital part of the new Automatic ReTransmission Exchange (AHX) System developed by ITT World Communications Inc., the
subsidiary of International Telephone and
Telegraph Corp. Ramon Owins, computer operations and maintenance supervisor, is
shown studying the intricate circuits of
the ARX system, in which priority messages automatically "bump" those of a less
urgent nature. Introduction of ARX represents a major step in ITT's planned development of automated information systems for
international use. The tarriff permitting
commercial users to link their privatelyleased communication circuits through a
central computer is the first authorized
by the FCC. (For more information, designate #67 on the Readers Service Card.)

UNIVAC DCT-2000 DATA COMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL / Sperry Rand Corp., Univac Division --- This new line of data communications equipment is a combination card
punch, high-speed printer and card reader, control unit and operator's console
which can send and receive information via voice-grade telephone lines at speeds
of 300 characters per second. The printer (at left) can be ordered separately
should printed output alone be required. (For more information, designate #68
on the Readers Service Card.)

31

MEMORIES

ASSEMBLY PHASES OF NIKE-X PROCESSOR /
Sperry Rand Corporation's UNIVAC Defense Systems Division --- The fabricating process for the advanced film
memories and data processors for the
Army's Nike-X anti-missile missile
system, features such n~w techniques
as laminar flow clean rooms, infrared
soldering of interconnections, multilayer circuit boards and use of integrated circuits throughout the memory.
The memory section of a Nike-X computer consists of hundreds of thousands of magnetic metal dots vacuum
deposited on wafer-thin glass substrates. Electronic circuits used to
sense and drive (read and write) information to and from these magnetic
dots, each of which represents one
bit of information-storage capacity,
are etched onto 12-inch square copperMylar laminates using a sophisticated
photo-etching process. One circuit
package, consisting of two separate
ci rcui ts insulated from each other by
a sheet of Mylar, is no thicker than
a human hair. The "optical comparator" bei ng operated by quali ty cont rol
supervi sor Ray Eklund (upper left photograph) enables inspectors to visually examine each circuit assembly (or
"overlay") by projecting a part of it
onto a ground glass screen at 50 times
magnification. Etching defects show
up plainly on the screen. In the picture to the left, UNIVAC technician
John Thompson uses an air-operated
"gun" to wire wrap connections on a
memory module for the Nike-X computer.
In eight years as a Nike-X team member, under contract with Bell Telephone Laboratories, Whippany, N.J.,
UNIVAC has delivered nine computers
to Whippany, the Army's White Sands,
N.M., missile test range, and Kwajalein Island in the South Pacific.

32

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Memories

CORE MEMORY SYSTEMS / Burroughs Corporation Electronic
Components Di vision This newest product line of core
memory systems will cover the cycle time range of 0.6
~sec. to 1.0 ~sec.
The basic modular building block in
the memory is 8192 words by 20 bits using 20 mil ferrite
cores in a 2~D organization. Monolithic integrated circuits are used for all the logic and informati~n and address registers. The line drivers and sense amplifiers
use Burroughs hybrid microcircuits. Overall power consumption for 8192 word by 20 bit module is only 295 W
(for the 0.6 ~sec. system). (For more information, designate #58 on the Readers Service Card.)

353-5 CRAM (CARD RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) UNIT / The
National Cash Register Co. NCR's new 353-5 CRAM
for its 315 family of computers can store 62million
characters of information and access items in less
than a sixth of a second. The device uses changeable "decks" of plastic magnetic cards shown in the
model's hand. Up to 16 of the new CRAM units can be
used in a single computer system, providing a maximum capacity for random access of 992 million characters. (For more information, designate #59 on the
Readers Service Card.)

u-STORE ICM-47 MEMORY SYSTEM / Honeywell,
The ICM-47
Computer Control Division has a full cycle time of 750 nanoseconds,
access time of 400 nanoseconds. For 4096
and 8192 word memories, the maximum word
length is 28-bits per memory module. In
16,384 word systems, word lengths up to
14-bits are available. The memory unit
is made with integrated circuit digital
logic modules. It is the second system
to be announced by the division in less
than a year. (For more information, designate # 60 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

33

Memories

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT. 2-uSEC CORE MEMORY SYSTEM / Di/An Controls, Inc.
--- The new 2-~sec~Bries are Coincident Current Core Memory Systems
which are available in capacities of 64 to 32,768 words and word
lengths of 4 to 64 bits. System flexibility as well as ease of maintenance is provided through the use of pluggable memory stacks and
component cards. Lithium-ferrite core arrays are available to allow
system operation over a wide temperature range. This modular concept
permits the user to increase both the system operating temperature
range and/or storage capacity in the field. (For more information,
designate #61 on the Readers Service Card.)

LIBRASCOPE DISC MEMORY. MODEL L416 / General Precision,
Inc., Librascope Group --- Integrated circuitry is used
for the first time in a Librascope disc memory in the
L4l6 shown here. Packaged and mounted directly on the
head-mounting plate, integrated circuits greatly enhance
the memory's compactness and reliability. Here, a Librascope employee checks circuitry before delivery. The
L416 has a storage capacity in excess of 24 million bits
of information, utilizing both sides of its two l6-inch
magnetic discs. Average access time is 8 milliseconds.
Primary applications of the new memory are main storage,
buffer storage, or as a supplement to other memories.
Librascope memories range in capacity from 30,000 data
bits to more than 400 million bits, and use discs varying in size from 6~ inches in diameter to 48 inches in
diameter. Most models can be delivered virtually offthe-shelf. (For more information, designate #62 on the
Readers Service Card.)

SEMS 5 / Electronic Memories --The white box is SEMS 5, a new 7pound integrated circuit memory
which stores as much data as the
800-pound 1955 memory behind it.
SEMS 5 is designed for rugged military and space uses. It has a
fast cycle time of 2 ~seconds and
an access time of 700 nanoseconds~
SEMS 5 operates at temperatures
from 66 degrees below freezing to
185 degrees above (-55 0 Cto +85 0 C).
The 800-pound memory fs-the fi rst
commercial core system, used in
the historic Johnniac computer until 1966. Both memories contain
4096 computer words of comparable
lengths. (For more information,
designate #63 on the Readers Service Card.)

~-

..-

----------

Memories

•

COMPUTER MEMORY SYSTEMS / Fabri-Tek Inc. --- Systems shown at the Fall Joint Computer Conference by Fabri-Tek ranged from an airborne memory weighing only 2 pounds (shown above right)
to a mass core memory capable of storing 20-million bits (above left). The airborne type
system has a storage capacity of 2048 words by 18 bits packed into a 67 cubic inch package.
Fabri-Tek's mass core memory system is capable of interfacing with all computers. (For more
information, designate #64 on the Readers Service Card.)

FAST RAND MEMORY DRUM / Sperry
Rand Corp., Univac Division --A technician in the Engineering
Department of the Univac Division rinses a FASTRAND Memory
Drum after it has emerged from
a chrome plating bath. The
chrome coating is the last of
a number of plating operations
performed on the drum before it
becomes part of a computer system. (For more information,
designate #65 on the Readers
Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

35

\

At Aerojet-General, all SYSTEM/360's are go ...
Three IBM SYSTEM/360's are on
line at the Sacramento Plant.
All operating at full capacity.
One Model 30 SYSTEM/360 doubles
the output at half the cost of a
former setup. Two Model 30's do as
much or more production than three
previous systems.
No wonder Aerojet-General is pleased.
And though the other systems were
IBM's, we're just as pleased as
Aerojet-General.
SYSTEM/360 took over with hardly
a pause. Programs that emulate
existing systems made it possible.
That's how A. W. Cole, Manager of the
Computing Sciences Division, keeps
the Division on schedule. Schedules
at Aerojet-General are vitally
important to projects like Polaris,

Minuteman, Titan and Apollo.
One SYSTEM/360 acts as a
peripheral unit for two computers.
It reads three output tapes, drives
three printers, converts
1000 cards a minute
to tape. Simultaneously.
Another SYSTEM/360 does
general accounting. It picked up
programs from the former system.
Got 50% more output the day it
went on the air. The IBM Basic
Operating System (BOS/360)
controls its operation.
A third SYSTEM/360 is on line at the
firing line-a test stand for engine
firings. It collects and reduces data
on pre-firing functions. Transmits
a "go-ahead" back to the test stand
in a matter of minutes.

all projects on course.

IBM Operating System (OS/360) with
FORTRAN and ASSEMBLER
programming languages, provides
the control and communications for
this system.
And, what about the future?
Aerojet-General looks to larger
systems, huge data banks, complete
management information in
real-time, on-the-spot engineering
computations with remote consoles
linked to computers.
It looks like more SYSTEM/360's for
so many of the business functions
that will affect tomorrow's successes.
That's why other companies in all
kinds of industries find SYSTEM/360
the way of the future.

Memories

WOVEN PLATED WIRE MEMORY/ General
Precision, Inc., Librascope Group
At the right an operator checks
electronic memory being automatically woven into matrices (foreground)
on a loom. The memory operates in
less than 100 billionths of a second (100 nanoseconds) making it one
of the fastest in existence. Below
an engineer checks the new computer
memory, which looks like a piece of
cloth. Data is magnetically stored
at intersections of the wi res. A
number of the cloth-like planes are
stacked one on top of another to
make a memory system that is fast,
small, and lightweight. It uses
very little power and generates no
memory-element heat. This is the
first computer memory automatically
woven in the Uni ted States.
(For
more information, designate #104
on the Readers Service Card.)

•

FRAMED IN WIRE Improved
wiring techniques are being
used in electronic and logic
circuitry in the Spectra 70
computer system manufactured
at RCA's Electronic Data Processing plant in Palm Beach
Gardens, Fla. Special production skills, as displayed
by technician James Thyne,
are required to handle the
compact wiring that make up
this high speed memory unit.
(For more information, designate #103 on the Readers
Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19GG

y

Here's the Univac 9200:
the first comp!Jter at tab
equipment prices.
.
The Univac 9200 is the first in a series of interlinking computers~
You can rent the 9200 for about $1,000. a month or own t't fRIJ.~~!.$.tIJ~n
This low-priced system is compact and is internal!
It provides for card input/ output with high-speed printi
and is delivered with a complete software library.
The memory starts at 8,192 bytes and can be expanded
to twice that size. The high-speed memory of the powerful central processor provides m
operating advantages. For example, simultaneous input! output and processing
capability. The Univac 9200 offers more throughput ... in less time ... at lower
operating cost than ever before possible.
When the 9200 is combined with the Univac 1001 Card Controller,
the system automatically delivers more benefits. It can rea
separate files at combined speeds of over 2000 cpm. This
the work of six conventional punched-card machines; Acco
calculator, collator, sorter, reproducer, and summary pu
The Univac 9200 provides varied input/ output
capabilities to meet your specific needs. Punched cards are
read at 400 cpm. The Univac 1001 Card Controller provides
dual 1000 cpm feeds for input speeds
up to 1000/2000 cpm.Cards are punched at the rate of
75-200 cpm. A read! punch feature is available
which means an additional file can be read concurrently
at 2000 cpm. The basic printing speed is 250
alphanumeric Ipm and can be increased up to 500
numeric Ipm-within the same report if needed.
Built-in growth potential is easily realized with the
9200. In fact, the 9200 can be modified on-site to the Univac 9300
No switch in processors is required.
The 9200 programs can be run on the Univac 9300 system
immediately. Be sure to get all the facts. Call

UNIVAC
DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION

Designate No. 9 on Readers Service

card '

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

39

INPUT- OUTPUT EQUIPMENT
NCR 404 BANK SORTER / The National
Cash Register Company When a
pocket of NCR's new "404" low-cost
bank sorter is filled, the machine
stops automatically, and a light
signals the operator. When documents are removed, sorter starts
again automatically. Sorter features 11 pockets, maximum speed of
600 documents a minute. The 404
will accommodate a wide variety of
document sizes and weights, in
thicknesses ranging from .003 inch
to .01 inch. (For more information,
designate #69 on the Readers Service Card.)

HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS / Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. --- The remote terminal is connected to an SDS 92 computer. Roughly 1000 stored matrices contain many thousands of bits
of information covering medical orders and minute tasks related to treatment of hospital patients. To use the terminal, a doctor inserts his own magnetic-coated card into the vertical slot to the right of the video screen. The terminal recognizes the user as an authorized doctor (or nurse, or whatever)., The first image shown is a list of the particular doctor's patients. The doctor points his light pen at one patient's name, and the picture
shifts to a list of possible medical orders. He points the pen at one order, and a list of
sub-orders appears ••• and so on. When all his selections are complete, the final orders are
printed out on the printer beside the video screen. The doctor thus can sign a copy forthe
official files, and nurses responsible for executing the orders have quick access to them.
The keyboard is for entry of highly topical or specific data, such as patient names or room
numbers, into the system. (For more information, designate #70 on the Readers Service Card.)

Input-Output

MODEL 201 PAPER TAPE EDITOR (PTE) / Data-Vox
Corporation --- The PTE contains a high-speed
block reader which scans a 16-character segment of the tape, immediately decodes each
character and projects the appropriate alphanumeric symbol in proper sequence on a cathode ray tube. The message field on the screen
remains stationary or travels in either direction as the tape is moved. Optional tape
spoolers, either motorized or manual, are
available. The device is adaptable to 5-,
7-, or 8-level chad tape and reads all conventional paper tape materials, colors, and
thicknesses. (For more information, designate ~71 on the Readers Service Card.)

CONTINUOUS FORMS / Transkrit Corp. --- The accompanying photograph shows the "before" and "after" tax bills
for the City of Macon, Ga. Earlier this year the 6part continuous form was designed for use on an IBM
1401 computer by the Transkrit Corp. The new continuous form, produced on rotary equipment by Transkrit,
i s 8~" x 4~", or ~" x 4~" detached. The 0 Id form
overall size was ~" x 3W'. In both cases, the same
colors of stock were employed but the new form is redesigned to provide a better layout. Various patterns
of hot wax spot carbonizing were used in both forms
on all six parts, since the last part transfers some
information to a permanent record in the tax collector's office. (For more information, designate ~72
on the Readers Service Card.)

PORTABLE RECORDER / Digi-Data Corporation This
portable recorder, shown opened for service, is not
much larger than its two standard l~" diameter computer reel s - 11-1/2" W x 17" D x 7-3/4" H. All
electronics and tape handling for making computer
compatible recordings are contained in this package
which weighs but 37 pounds when loaded with a full
2400 foot reel of computer tape. All switching and
control logic are solid state with the exception of
the control panel switches and one micro switch
which detects broken tape. The electronics are assembled on printed circuit boards that plug into
connectors mounted on the card cage. The card cage
which carries the card connectors, wiring, control
panel"and power supply folds out for service.
Digi-Data incremental tape recorders are designed
to have a useful life of over ten years. (For more
information, designate ~73 on the Readers Service
Card.)
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

41

Input-Output

VIDEOCOMP / Radio Corporation of America An engineer inspects punched paper tape used in the RCA Videocomp, a unique type composition system capable of
setting the entire text for a newspaper page in two
minutes through the use of video and computer techniques. Original copy is fed into a computer which
hyphenates and justifies the text and produces an output tape. This is read electronically by the Videocomp, which calls from its memory the proper characters in desired type font and size. The characters,
such as the "a" generated on the oscilloscope in the
picture, are written on the face of a high resolution
cathode ray tube and exposed through a precision lens
directly onto sensitized film or paper for subsequent
printing by offset, letterpress or gravure processes.
(For more information, designate #74 on the Readers
Service Card.)

IBM 1500 INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM / IBM Corporation The IBM 1500 uses television-like consoles, slide projectors and audio systems to compose a student station.
In the picture a protype system is shown undergoing
final tests at the company's San Jose plant before delivery to Stanford University's Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences. In operation,
the system at Stanford has 16 student stations and two
teacher stations all channeled into a single computer.
The computer furnishes instructions at a pace set by
each student, keeps track of their scores and analyzes
the data so that teachers and school officials who are
preparing the courses will have reports on the studenes
progress. (For more information, designate #75 on the
Readers Service Card.)

IDI TYPE CMI0058 COMPUTER CONTROLLED DISPLAY / Information
Displays, Inc. This high capacity, solid state, computer controlled display system recently was delivered to
Glasgow's National Engineering Laboratories where it is
expected the equipment will be used for computer-aided design, and other man-machine applications. The system can
generate up to 80,000 characters a second and features a
light pen and keyboard by which the operator can query,
add, delete, and edit displayed information. The equipment delivered to Scotland includes an interface which
permits operation directly from a UNIVAC 1108, but the
modular design permits adaptation to use with most other
computers. (For more information, designate #76 on the
Readers Service Card.)

42

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19(i()

.. I

I n put-Output

MODEL 6650 OMNIGRAPHIC~ RECORDER / Houston OMNIGRAPHIC
Corporation --- This device is a hi-directional incremental plotter which operates from a wide variety of
driving signals. Both the pen and paper (fan-fold)
move independently in discrete or incremental steps at
speeds up to 18,000 increments per minute following an
input which supplies change of state information. These
inputs may include digital computers, incremental encoders, pulsers, four wire commutated encoders, pulse
generators, stepper motor drive circuits or contact
closures. The pen will draw a continuous trace or plot
points. The recorder accuracy is 0.002 inches and it
may be ei ther powered from AC or DC sources. (For more
information, designate #77 on the Readers Service Card.)

,

EECO 3002 PUNCHED TAPE READER / Electronic Engineering Company
of California --- This lightweight (15 pound), ruggedized photoelectric punched tape reader is for airborne, mobile or "suitcase" use. A direct coupled stepping motor drives the tape in
either direction at any speed up to 200 characters/sec. The
tape reels will hold 850 feet of tape. Driving and reading electronics use silicon integrated circuits and semiconductors. (For
more information, designate #78 on the Readers Service Card.)

DECOLLATOR / Tab Products Co. / According to the
manufacturer, this is the first decollator specifically designed for in-line processing and
for new carbon back forms. This solid state decollator takes continuous forms directly from
high speed printers and other machines. An electric eye control enables it to automatically slow
down or speed up wi thout jerking or tearing paper,
and without interfering with computer printout
operation. Set-up time is reduced to a minimum,
since special program rod allows presetting for
sizes in a matter of seconds. Advance design
carbon removal apparatus is faster and safer.
(For more information, designate #79 on the
Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

43

Input-Output

CALCOMP MODEL 835 ELECTRONIC PLOTTER / California Computer Products, Inc. --- The 835 combines the digital
incremental plotting principle developed by CalComp
with the ultra high speed capability of an all-electronic system. Operating directly from the computer
output, the new system is capable of plotting graphic
data up to 300 times faster than an electromechanical
ink-on-paper plotter. The graph or picture is traced
out on the screen of a cathode-ray tube and automatically photographed on 35mm or 16mm microfilm. The picture shows the Model 835 logic and control unit, and
35mm microfilm camera. Film is advanced automatically
at end of each plot, and camera holds up to 400 feet.
The recessed panel (foreground) includes provisions
for complete checkout of logic circuits. Front panel
includes operating controls and status indicators.
(For more information, designate #80 on the Readers
Service Card.)

MODEL HSP-3502 CHAIN PRINTER / Potter
Instrument Co., Inc. Newly-designed
chain provides superior vertical registration. Number of different electrical and mechanical parts have been reduced to approximately 200. This new
model is capable of printing at speeds
up to 400 lines per minute and provides up to 192 different characters
in up to 132 columns. Alphanumeric,
numeric, and symbolic printing as well
as upper and lower case characters are
provided. Design improvements have resulted in lower cost system, (For more
information, designate #81 on the Readers Service Card.)

713 TEXTMASTER MODEL 20 / Photon, Inc. - Thi s
device is the first typesetting machine with
ability to justify automatically from "raw"
paper tape produced by non-counting keyboards.
The 713-20 reads 6, 7, or 8 channel paper tape
at 500 characters a second, and puts the content into core memory. Automatic computation then
determines the optimum line-breaking points
and the correct size of inter-word spaces to
achieve hyphenless justifying. In any line
in which inter-word spaces would exceed in
size a limit point of aesthetic acceptability,
the machine automatically inserts fine increments of inter-letter spacing equally in all
words throughout the line. (For more information, designate #82 on the Readers Service
Card.)

Input-Output

ADR-IOO DIGITAL RECORDER / 3M Company, Revere-Mincom Division --- This new asynchronous digital recorder writes
data at the rate of 2000 characters per second, and can
record during the start interval in the asynchronous mode.
Three models of the system are designed to complement and
be compatible with the seven-channel IBM Systems 727 and
729 and the 800-bpi nine-channel IBM 360. Specifications
state packing densities of 200, 556 and 800 bpi, with a
recording error rate of better than 1 in 10 6 bi ts and
skew held to less than 250 microinches. (For more information, designate ~83 on the Readers Service Card.)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE RECORDER - RA-170 / Rochester Instrument Systems, Inc. Thi s sequential operations recorder monitors large
numbers of points and provides a permanent
record of events -- in sequence -- printed
as complete English words. The newEnglish
language recorder employs a non-volatile,
magnetic drum memory which provides up to
50 characters to describe the condition of
each input. Sequential operations recorders, widely used to monitor equipment in
power generating stations, also find application in switchyard and substation operations and in the manufacturing and chemical
processing industries where a large number
of variables must be monitored continuously. (For more information, designate ~84
on the Readers Service Card.)

UNIVAC 1551 ALPHANUMERIC CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY / Sperry Rand Corp., UNIVAC Defense Systems Division --- First production model of
the new UNIVAC 1551 is shown undergoing checkout by engineers. Up to 2000 straight or
curved line alphanumeric characters -- 25
lines of 80 characters each --may be formed
on the 17-inch screen. Each character is
formed in 4 ~sec. The device has a deflection system and digital character generator.
The digital character generators are considered an outstanding feature. These circuits
are switched between the off and fully saturated conditions, thereby supplying stable,
drift-free images on the screen. The device
is compact, 16"H x 24"W x 34"D wi th keyboard,
and weighs 125 pounds. (For more information,
designate ~85 on the Readers Service Card.)

Input-Output

P-120 TAPE PERFORATOR / Tally Corporation --The P-120 operates at 120 characters per second and wi 11 perforate paper and Mylar as well
as the many paper, Mylar, and metallized sandwich tapes. The photo shows the punch pin contacts for the 120. The compact, panel mounted
P-120 features integral tape supply and takeup reeling with a capacity of 1000 feet; front
tape loading; and shielded packaging. Standard units have unidirectional tape advance.
Many options are available including remote
tape backup and error checking (bit echo or
pari ty). (For more information, designate #86
on the Readers Service Card.)

I.

::

.

TElEQUOTE

TIe K E R

SERVICE

TELEQUOTE TICKER / The Bunker-Ramo Corporation --This new system which utilizes cathode ray screens
overcomes reading difficulties of present systems
by presenting information in a book-page format and
increasing "dwell time" to at least six seconds.
Screens display the stock informatio.n line-qy-line,
starting at the top. As one line fills in, ~he
line underneath blanks itself readying it for the
next display, as shown in the photo. The NYSE
screen on the left has blanked out line 8 whi Ie the
ASE screen has blanked out line 4. As these lines
fill in the one beneath will blank out. System is
not restricted to the New York and American Stock
Exchanges. Tickers of any exchange can be displayed as required. (For more information, designate #87 on the Readers Service Card.)

IBM 1287 OPTICAL READER / IBM Corporation, Data
Processing Divisi.on --- Handprinted numbers, pencilled on a wide variety of business forms, can be
read directly into a computer by this new machine.
The 1287, designed for use with IBM's System/360,
also reads printed, credi t card imprinted and pencil-marked numbers, and five handprinted alphabetic characters. The optical reader enables nearly
everybody in a business organization - cl'erks,
salesmen, production-line workers, truck drivers
- to communicate di rectly wi th a computer. The
TV-like scope (right) creates exact images of
numbers as they are read. (For more information,
designate #88 on the Readers Service Card.)

46

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19()()

Input-Output

PHILCO FORD OPTICAL ADDRESS READING
SYSTEM
Philco Corp., Communications
& Electronics Div. - This picture
illustrates mail being transported past
the reading stations for optical address
reading and sorting. Mail is read and
sorted at the rate of 30,000 per minute. The system is installed in the
Detroit Post Office; additional systems
are scheduled for deli very to other Post
Offices in 1966/1967.

PUSH-BUTTON ADDRESSER (PBA) / The Pioneer Electric & Research Corp. Thi s device for teletypewriter systems, now makes it possible to
transmit up to an entire 32-character address
merely by pushing one button. Plug-in character chips (shown in photo), which can be changed
by anyone, determine specific address. The chip
itself measures 5/8" x 1/8" x 7/16" and has
pri nted on it the character it represents. Character chips are available which encode all of
the possible Baudot combinations. (For more information, designate ~89 on the Readers Service
Card .)

PONY PRINTER / Di/An Controls, Inc. _. This new Computer Interfaced Pony Printer bridges the gap between today's expensive high-speed, full-page printers and the
low-speed teleprinters. This system is 60 times faster
than a teleprinter; it has equivalent half page formatting at 32 columns of numeric or alphanumeric printout;
and is completely compatible both electrically and logically, with a wide variety of today's small, scientific
data processing computers (the only thing needed is a
connecting cable). Modular construction has been used
throughout to simplify maintenance or replacement of
parts. Printing elements are self-cleaning. (For more
information, designate ~90 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

-i7

COMPONENTS
128 CHARACTER DRUM FOR LINE/PRINTERS / Data Products
Corporation --- Now available as an option on Line/
Printers, this new drum was designed for on-line and
off-line printer applications requiring a large number of special symbols, multiple alphabets in upper
and lower case, bold face characters, etc. According to the manufacturer, quality of printout rivals
that of an office typewriter, permitting use with
optical scanners and in photocopy work. (For more
information, designate #91 on the Readers Service
Card.)

FIBER OPTIC BUNDLES / Corning Glass Works --- The
unique optical properties of flexible fiber optic
bundLes permit the gathering and efficient transfer of light or image information with little loss
of energy. Shown are fiber optic bundles with single and mul tiple output surfaces. Applicati'ons include transmission of remote light or optical data
in medical instrumentation, electronic data processors, inspection systems, high speed photo printing
systems, counting equipment, and the like. Fiber
optic bundles prove ideal in situations where direct
lighting may be hazardous or where multiple lighting
sources could be replaced by a single source with
branching optical fibers. (For more information,
designate #92 on the Readers Service Card.)

MAGNETIC RECORDING HEAD / Ferroxcube Corporation of America --- This new 7-track, IBM-compatible, record/reproduce
contact tape, magnetic recording head has an unconditionally guaranteed life of 2000 hours. The outstanding feature of the new head is its almost complete immunity to
wear. This property is made possible by a patented manufacturing technique called all-glass bonding. No relapping or recrowning is required for the life of the head.
It is designed for high-density recording and reproducing
of digital information. (For more information, designate
#93 on the Readers Service Card.)

48

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19()(i

Components

SOLDER-LUG TERMINALS / Honeywell Inc. 'Hat-tractive' Patricia Garon appears to be tilting a "coolie
hat" at a provocative angle. But, she's simply adjusting a supply of computer connections at Honeywell's electronic data processing plant at Lawrence,
Mass. The solder-lug terminals are used in making
wire cables for the firm's Series 200 computer systems. (For more information, designate #94 on the
Readers Service Card.)

INPUT-OUTPUT CARD / Leeds & Northrup Co. Hybrid
integrated circuits and wire wrapped back panels
provide the high reliability of this product. The
modules are plugged in on the plug-in mother card
for easy maintainability. There are seven modules
in various configurations used throughout the inputoutput system. Consequently, the spare parts stock
is minimized and interchangeability maintained.
(For more information, designate #95 on the Readers
Servi ce Card.)

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS / Texas Instruments Inc. These custom-designed circuits are the heart of
Computer Control's new low-cost "MICRO-PAC" logic modules, memory systems and memory test equipment. The same circuits are used in the recently introduced DDP-516 series. Each of the tiny
circuits combines several electronic functions
on a single chip of silicon. These chips are so
small that thousands could be carried in a
thimble. (For more information, designate #96
on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Components

10-mc FLIP-FLOP / Scientific Data Systems --Model FT12 is designed for clock rates up to
10 mc, which provides eight fully-gated integrated-circuit flip-flops on a 4-1/4 inch by
4-3/4 inch, 52-connector card. Set input overrides reset input when set is True, reducing
input wiring by half in many applications.
Each flip-_flop output can drive 14 gates. Individual flip-flop circuits are housed in hermetically-sealed TO-5 cans. This module is
part of the new T Series integrated-circuit
module line used extensively in third-generation digital systems and in SDS Sigma computers. (For more information, designate #97
on the Readers Service Card.)

ANALOG MAGNETIC RECORDING HEADS / Ferroxcube Corp.
--- The first in a new line of analog magnetic recording heads to be made available are 3 + 1 and
4-track, ~ inch, record and reproduce heads and
7 + 1 track, one-inch record and reproduce heads.
The heads are designed for low to medium frequency
recording with gap lengths as small as 40microinches
permitting signal frequencies in the megahertz range.
The new heads are all-glass-bonded ferrite types featuring an all-ceramic recording surface which is almost impervious to wear. The new heads have an unconditional guaranteed life of 2000 hours. (For more
information, designate #98 on the Readers Service
Card. )

7+1 TRACK RECORDm; HEAD

3+1 TRACK. RECoRDIl'C HEAD

4 TRACK RECORDING HEAD

MODEL CH-lOO CORE HANDLER / Computer Test Corp. --- The
CH-lOO automatic handler is available for high speed processing and grading of ferrite memory cores. It is designed
to handle ferrites ranging in size from 16 to 50 mils O.D. at
any rate between 18,000 to 60,000 cores per hour. Shown below are tiny 20 mil size ferrite memory cores. The fast
switching speed of these small cores have introduced critical
high frequency problems in handling and testing. The Model
CH-lOO Core Handler is able to process these cores without
difficulty at rates up to 60,000 per hour. (For more information, designate #99 on the Readers Service Card.)

50

Components

NUMBER LIGHTS / General Electric Company's
Miniature Lamp Dept. Number lights are
actually thin-as-a-dime electroluminescent
~amps, cool light sources whose entire surface glows. Larger lamp on the right is
GE's new eight-inch "readout" lamp, the
largest ever made. Readout lamps (lamps
which can change rapidly to form any digit)
are widely used in computers. Applications
of the kingsize G-E lamp will be on large
automatic scales such as those used in the
meat-packing and product industries, outdoor clocks and temperature devices, and
stock listing boards. (For more information, designate #100 on the Readers Service Card.)

COMPUTER CODED OUTPUT SWITCHES / CO-ORD Switch
Di v., LVC Industries, Inc. New Series 63030
switches offer a wide variety of binary codes
wi thin a compact package, featuring low contact
resistance in dry circuit conditions. Insertion of a single pin provides a 3, 4, 5 or 6
word output. Decades can be provided in 1248,
1247, 1125, 1224 or other codes specified. Applications include: EDP systems, test equipment, automation systems. (For more information, designate #101 on the Readers Service
Card. )

MINIATURIZED INTEGRATED CIRCUITS / Western Electric How can 18 diodes, four transi stors and
eight resistors be balanced on the eye of a sewing needle? Pack them into an integrated circuit, like the one on this magnified 2~-inch-long
needle. An example of the electronic miracle of
miniaturization, the circuit is only one-twentieth of an inch wide. It is under manufacturing
development at Western Electric's Allentown works
for use in new Bell System communications equipment.

IN-LINE IC CAMBI-CARDS / Cambridge Thermionic
Corp. Two standard epoxy glass board sizes
are available with provisions for mounting 8
or 16 in-line integrated circuits, 4.50" x 6.06"
and 4.50" x 9.25", respectively. In-line IC
packages are mounted in CAMBION in-line sockets
which may then be mounted to board. Printed
circuit card connector has 70 available pins for
maximum board-to-board connection capacity.
These printed circuit boards provide a high degree of flexibility for engineers designing digital equipment and control systems using microelectronic logic packages. (For more information, designate #102 on Readers Service CarG.)

MISCELLANY

'

THE "ULTIMATE" COMPUTER
In a whimsical spoof of the serious
science of automated calculation, Honeywell's electronic data processing division -- in cahoots with England's celebrated cartoonist, Rowland Emett -- presented for the first time in the United
States what it terms the "ul timate" computer, officially known as the HoneywellEmett Forget-Me-Not. The four-dimensional
cartoon -- a moving, blinking, noise-making creation of bamboo, birds, door knobs,
lamp shades, playing cards and measuring
tapes -- was exhibited October 17, 1966 at
the annual Business Equipment Exposition
at McCormick Place, Chicago, Ill. It's
first showing was in London the prior week
at the Business Efficiency Exhibition.
According to British Cartoonist and
and Way-Out Inventor Rowland Emett, the
computer combines "proven techniques with
new ideas," some bordering on the fringes
of the future. Emett's line drawing of
his ultimate computer, clearly draws the
line between this machine and any predecessor. The sketch points up the machine's
three major units: FRED, a Fantastically
Rapid Evaluator and Dispenser; Forget-MeNot Sr., the central processor; and ForgetMe-Not Jr., the card reader-punch unit.
In the picture at the top of the next
page, Mr. Emett takes time to fix FRED's
tie. FRED is a "butterflies-in-the-stomach" executive type who controls activities of the Honeywell-Emett Forget-Me-Not
52

Computer -- an elephant, obviously (because
elephants ~ forget). In his left hand
he holds the computer program (any real
computer has to have a program), while his
right hand dunks a preloaded "information
bun" (Bri ti sh for a deck of punched cards)
in and out of the elder pachyderm's trunk.
FRED's head turns back and forth between
the program and the "information bun" -- a
crumpet naturally. His left hand brings
the program within reading distance as he
turns toward it. The wealth of information to be digested from the program causes
FRED's eyes to "bug out" as he reads.
Of prime interest to programmer and
systems designers is the central processor,
Forget-Me-Not Sr. In keeping with current
state-of-the-art trends, the unit features
solid-state design, sonic control (it's
quiet), mass memory, fluid technology, random access, floating point unit and speeds
of one Billicycle. Solid-state design has
been updated by half-a-brick from a stately
Scottish home. According to Emett, "Nothing could be more solid or stately than
that." He defined the Billicycle as the .
unit of time it takes little Billy, sitting
on his bicycle, to ferry a message from one
end of the computer to the other. Emett
did not believe the million-cycle-a-second
operating speeds of conventional "thirdgeneration" computers would be practical
in his computer "because having things
dashing around inside of something made of
bamboo would definitely cause trouble."
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19()()

..

At the left in the line drawing, at a
discrete distance behind Dad -- although
in direct telephonic communication with him
-- is the card-reader-punch, Forget-Me-Not
Jr., a simple application of electrified
woodpeckers to a very common computer function -- card punching. The cards are read
"through a glass lightly" by a single electronic roving eye. At times, the eye lowers its arm and turns to fix its glassy
stare on the viewer.
All activities of the Honeywell Emett
main frame are directed by a single motor.
Hence, all motion is in harmonic multiples,
providing a smooth and graceful sequence.

THE "AMAZING MISS DENNISON"

An employee take off her head during rest periods? That's exactly
what the female did who was hired
by Dennison Manufacturing Company
to help demonstrate its new Compact
Copier at the Business Equipment Exposition(Chicago) and the International Visual Communications Congress(Los Angeles). An unusual
habit? Not if you're a robot.
Billed as the "Amazing Miss Dennison", the robot was there to demonstrate the simplicity of operating
Dennison's electrostatic copiers.
The movements of the robot -- a
creation of Mark Wilson Enterprises
-- are directed by an elaborate control panel complete with flashing
lights and crackling sound effects.
A cable runs from the robot's back
to the control panel. When not demonstrating the Dennison equipm~nt,
the electronic young lady retired
to a telephone booth-shaped cabinet to rest. There an operator removed her head and placed it next
to the control panel until the next
demonstration.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

S3

c&a
WORLD REPORT -GREAT BRITAIN

Computer builders in Britain are rather worried at signs
that the State Department is relenting from its previous determination not to allow the latest of America's computers to
go into Eastern Europe.
Cynically, some say that if the East European countries
had been prepared to take obsolete IBM 1401's, slow card,
and other equipment from the United States, the embargo
would have continued. But buyers there, while not interested
in modernity for the sake of modernity, resent being treated
as "developing nations." Nor is it safe to assume that they
are not following very closely the great battle for adequate
software that users the world over are waging with the computer builders.
This is one of the reasons for the success in Czechoslovakia
of the English Electric LEO machines which have been operating in multi-programming modes for at least four years.
The British Post Office is a major user of this equipment and
has a nucleus of distinguished programmers and systems men
who have pushed the software array for the Leo series very
rapidly ahead.
The latest move in the East for the British exporter has
come from Bulgaria, which has ordered one 1904 machine
from International Computers and Tabulators with, it is
expected, 19 more to follow. They are also virtually basic
configurations and it is believed that over the next three
years, ICT could make at least £6m in Bulgaria alone. Each
machine will go into a local authority's computing center to
be used for administrative work but also as a bureau to
serve local industries.
The delicate question of sales to the People's Republic of
China is on the move. English Electric has actually sold a
powe.rful KDF-9 worth possibly £lm, and the Chinese have
built the center to house it. But the deal is stymied by the
politicians, backed by RCA because some of its peripherals
would be involved. Half way down the production line for
big machines at West Gorton, ICT has a 1905 labelled
China. Elliott-Automation also has had some dealings with
Peking. Now, it is believed that for machines below a certain
rating, exports may be permitted in the not too distant future.
Negotiations between France and Britain for joint development of computers may be taken up again after several
months of complpte stagnation during which the giant computer project gasped its last breath. At a Lyons ceremony
to inaugurate the 32nd ICT computer delivery to France £12m worth - the Joint Parliamentary Secretary at the
Ministry of Technology, Mr. Edmund Dell, said he hoped
for such collaboration and pooling of research resources. The
alternatives facing both nations, which had taken steps to
protect their domestic computer industries, was either to
continue to work alone or to seek collaboration with other
European nations.
Meanwhile, inside Britain, the credit squeeze and freeze
does not yet seem to have taken off the edge of fresh computer ordering, partly because management are being pressed

54

to make the best possible use of available manpower. But
money is also running short and while there has been a swing
from leasing to purchasing in the past few years, the pendulum could swing the other way.
.
One matter of great concern for the Government is rapid
expansion of plants to make microcircuits. It is clear that
six full-scale or pilot lines are far too many for the demand
likely to develop here over the next few years - put at
about £20m by 1970 - in a market already hotly contested
by the major U.S. manufacturers. It is the old, old story of
the threshold size of company needed to support enough research and development to enable it to compete world-wide.
There is a lot of official talk of mergers and rationalisation
but it is still early. In two to three years, the ranks will be
thinned. Britain's Ministry of Technology, officially designated
as the Government organ supporting the computer industry, is
acting somewhat in the role of a peacemaker between the
developers of small military computers and the Ministry of
Defence, which recently presented them with a set of specifications just like those for IBM's new 4Pi range. The Ministry
of Technology is not wholly altruistic in this role since it
may soon get overall responsibility for defence computers as
well as those on the civil side. Be that as it may, one slight
sop obtained by the manufacturers is that they may present
any design they care to choose, to the Ministry of Defence
and provided it performs as well and costs the same as the
machines described in the military specifications, the design
will be admissible.
At the time of writing, two more major orders appear to
be coming the way of ICT. They include over £4m worth
of equipment for the five regional headquarters of the Central Electricity Generating Board, and a very large machine
for Czechoslovakia, where ICT and English Electric are
slugging it out doggedly for business.
However, since IBM's World Trade Corporation president
Gilbert E. Jones has gone on record in "The Director" that
no technology later than 1964 is being offered by IBM in
Eastern Europe, this precludes offers of 360 machines. Since
English Electric claims that System-4 is even more advanced
in technology than the 360's, it looks as if some time must
elapse before System-4 machines can be offered in Eastern
Europe.

Ted Schoeters
Stanmore
Middlesex
England
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK
Computing and Data Processing NewsleHer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Applications. . • • •
New Contracts
New Installations.
Organization News
Computing Centers.

Education News.
Research Frontier.
Business News.
Computer Census

55
58
58
60
61

..

61
62
63
64

APPLICATIONS

COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
HOT SHEET MILL

Product is now being rolled on
the nation's first completely computer-controlled hot sheet mill at
Bethlehem Steel Corporation's new
$400-million Burns Harbor plant
located along the shores of Lake
Michigan in northern Indiana. With
a highly sensitive in-line process
computer to control the entire mill
operation from start to finish plus
many other features, Bethlehem has
in its new 80-inch hot sheet mill
the most advanced technology found
in the steel industry today.

Products from this mill range
in thickness from .047 to .500 gage
and in widths from 20 to 75 inches.
The mill is capable of producing
coils weighing up to 1000 pounds
per inch of width with a maximum
outer diameter of 80 inches. Two

LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
GET ASSIST FROM COMPUTER

high-speed coilers wind the sheet
into coils. The computer selects
the coiler to be used and sets the
side guards for the proper width
of the metal.
In this long control pulpit
(shown above) are the dozens of
electrical controls and instruments
for operation of the complex finishing train in the new hot sheet
mill. The in-line process computer, which guides the operation of
the entire mill, flashes readings,
speeds, temperatures and other
vi tal data to operators in the pulpit. Controls in the pulpit also
permit the operators to communicate
with the computer by initiating
necessary changes in mill operation.

Hot-rolled coils and sheets
are used in the production of automotive parts, shipping containers,
railroad cars, agricultural implements, and many other products. In
addition, the Burns Harbor hot mill
will supply hot-rolled coils for
further processing in the plant's
cold-rolled sheet and tin mill.
(Previously, the cold mill processed hot-rolled coils shipped in
from other Bethlehem plants in the
east.

The production flow is tracked
by the computer from the time the
slab leaves the depiler in the slab
yard until the steel sheet reaches
the coil scale on the delivery side
of the coilers. In other words,
the slab is controlled completely
by the computer as it is charged,
heated, rolled, coiled, weighed,
and marked. (The slabs used for
rolling on the hot mill range from
5 to 12 inches in thickness, from
20 to 65 inches in width, and from
12 to 32 feet in length.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Florida electrical contractors
long have been plagued by a problem
arising from a clause in union contracts that imposes critical time
limitations for payment of wages to
electricians. If paychecks arrive
late, overtime must be paid for
every hour past the stipulated deadline. On the surface, this would
not appear to present a serious dilemma. But when construction sites
are in isolated areas, far from the
main payroll files, it is difficult
for contractors to meet the deadli ne.
And the farther away they get, the
higher their labor costs rise.
Lowry of Florida, one of the
nation's largest independent data
processing companies, plans to offer a service whereby up-to-date
paychecks can be prepared at construction sites. President James
R. Lowry, Sr., says this will be
achieved by using a portable remote
input-output terminal linked to an
RCA Spectra 70/45 computer at Lowry's headquarters in Coral Gables.

55

Newsletter
Payroll records will be maintained by the computer, and the
number of hours worked by each employee will be fed into it daily
from the remote terminal. On the
last day of the pay period, the
computer will tabulate the total
weekly wages for each worker, make
the appropriate deductions and almost instantly print out a check
on the remote terminal at the construction site. The entire payroll will be completed in a matter
of minutes, leaving both labor and
management happy.

number of issues up, off and unchanged, the current Dow-Jones averages, Standard & Poors' indexes,
Value line averages, the New York
Stock Exchange Indexes and American
Stock Exchange Price Level and the
number of minutes the ticker tape
of either the New York or American
Stock Exchange is running late.

Chesapeake & Ohio-Baltimore &
Ohio systems send and receive more
than 25,000 teletype messages a
day on nearly 700 teletype terminals on the railroad's network. The
messages are concerned primari~y
with train and car movements, sales
office reports, and the general':~d­
ministration of the railroad.

COMPUTER CONNECTS
SOUTHEAST ASIA WITH
STOCK EXCHANGES

The world's longest computer
connection has brought the financial community of Southeast Asia
into instant, continuous communication with American stock and
commodity exchanges. In a recent
demonstration, a representative of
an American brokerage firm pushed
a button on an Ultronic STOCKMASTERID desk machine in his Hong Kong
office and received the latest
price quotation of stock being
traded on the floor of the New York
Stock Exchange.
The data is being transmitted
to Hong Kong from the master computer center of Ultronic Systems
Corp. in Pennsauken, N.Y., via the
Ultronic satellite computer in Montreal, Canada through a transPacific cable. At a press conference held in the Bache & Co. office
in Hong Kong, Mr. Robert S. Sinn,
president of Ultronic said, " •••
this extension of up-to-the-second
service to investors and traders
in Southeast Asia is expected to
have a significant effect on American securities and commodities
markets. By providing brokerage
offices in this increasingly important area with the same information available in a Wall Street
brokerage office, at the same time,
a whole new arena has been opened
for active participation in American business •••• "
The STOCKMASTER~installations
in Hong Kong display such information on stocks and commodities as
the last sale price, current high
and low for the day, previous day's
close, current bid and asked, earnings per share, dividend paid, the
number of shares or contracts traded in any individual stock or commodity. In addition the desk unit
(which is about the size of two
telephones) displays such stock
market trend information as the
56

trolling an electronic car-tracing
file at the C&O-B&O headquarters in
Baltimore. Data that is never more
than a half-hour old will be available on inquiry on every car in the
two rai lroad systems. Shipment
status and estimated arrival times
will be available automatically to
the customer.

COWS FED BY COMPUTER

- The STOCKMASTEfl® desktop quotation unit, most
recently put into service
in Hong Kong, allows brokers there to get trading
information from Wall
Street and other North
American investment centers in less than seven
seconds.
Hong Kong is noted for its
interest in investing and trading,
and brokerage firms located there
already do a brisk business. Now
hard-working brokers in the exotic
city face a new problem. Stock
Exchange hours in the United States
open at 10 a.m., close at 3:30 p.m.
In Hong Kong these hours become
11 p.m. till 4 a.m.

C&O-B&O RAILROAD
SETS UP COMPUTERIZED
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

One of the rai I road industry's
largest computerized communications
networks, capable of pinpointing in
a split second the locations of
150,000 freight cars along 11,000
miles of track, will go into operation this year on the C&O-B&O
railroads. The elaborate system
consists of four RCA 3301 computers.
Two of the computers will control a high-speed teletype messageswitching system at the company's
Huntington, W. Va., facilities.
They will be linked to another pair
of RCA 3301's which will handle
message switching as well as con-

Tim Jon Runner, 22, a data
processing and operations research
consultant in Redlands, Calif.,
rents time on Lockheed Propulsion
Company's IBM 360 computer - normally used to design reliable new
solid propellant rockets for military and civilian space programs to determine the most economical and
nutritious combinations of feed to
fatten beef cattle. This imaginative young businessman includes
among his clients 28 feed yards running some 400,000 head in eight
states. These include Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, California, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, and Hawaii.
Runner calls his service "linear
programmed feed blends".
His goal is to obtain the most
nutrition for the lowest cost in
each of the client areas. To do
this, he works with consulting nutritionists to determine and classify the commodities that will fulfill the feeding requirements. As
one of his inputs to the computer,
he prepares a nutritional breakdown
of some 50 commodities, including
such items as corn, hay, beet pulp,
molasses, citrus pulp and barley.
He then does a lot of telephoning
to get the latest prices on all
these feed items in the various localities serviced. This information is fed into the computer, which
in less than two minutes comes up
with the most economical feed recommendation for each of the client
yards.
As an offshoot of the basic
feed blend service, Runner now is
doing a coded feed yard comparison,
which lets the cattlemen see how
their cattle fattening stacks up
against the industry. Some of the
clients also subscribe to an analysis of overall cattle production

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19(1G

,,.

Newsletter
to show results broken down by
breed of cattle and place of origin, thus helping them evaluate
cattle purchases.

THE SPORT OF KINGS
AND COMPUTERS

The sport of kings also is becoming computerized. At New York
Racing Association's' three tracks
(Saratoga t Aqueduct and Belmont
when completed) a pair of Honeywell
200 computers process all parimutual wagering -- computing odds,
totaling money pools and producing
numerous administrative reports.
The real-time system controls up
to 600 ticket issuing machines
capable of handling up to 1200
bets a second.

COMPUTER COMPLEX
INAUGURATED BY CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES

registrations, and assist in highway safety research. In addition
to answering more than eight million inquiries annually from DMV
field offices, law enforcement
agencies and the courts, the computer system also will keep close
tab on accidents and traffic violations. Drivers whose records
indicate gross negligence will be
spotted by the computer and corrective action will be taken.
Governor Brown said, "We are
acting now to head off future information bottlenecks which would
result from the spectacular growth
of California's motoring population as well as the number of
automobiles on the highways. We
have passed the point where the
solution can be 'more space, more
people, more typewriters'. With
the growth rate California is experiencing, the old style files
would have to grow to such a size
that clerks on roller skates
couldn't possibly get around once
a day to all parts of the system".

A $13.5 million computer-communications network was inaugurated
at the California Department of Motor Vehicles last October. Governor Edmund G. Brown and State Director of Motor Vehicles Tom Bright
announced the Radio Corporation of
America computer complex, largest
ever planned at the state level,
has begun the two-year task of electronically transcribing license
and traffic records of 10.5million
California drivers for computer
storage. Automobile registration
data wi 11 be fed into the RCA Spectra 70 systems beginning next year,
and the changeover of all records
will be completed by 1969.
Once on file, the case history of any California driver and the
identi ty of each automobile -- in a
motor vehicle population that will
reach 15 million by 1970 -- may be
"dialed" as easily as a telephone
number from major metropolitan centers. It will be picked up on
viewing sc~eens (Video Data Terminals) or reproduced by teletypewriter equipment linked by cable
to the master computer in Sacramento.
The automated system gradually
will be hooked into a statewide
network of inquiry terminals, beginning with data centers at DMV
and law enforcement offices in
major population centers. Instant
statewide access to the stored information in the Sacramento Data
Center will expediate law enforcement, speed the issuing and renewal of drivers licenses and auto

-- No Batman? Young Noel
Hopkins appears somewhat
bewildered by the TV-like
screen he's watching, one
of 88 RCA Video Data Terminals recently installed
at the California Department of Motor Vehicles for
transmission and retrieval of computerized data.
Additionally, after the 197475 fiscal year, Governor Brown
stated, the Department of Motor
Vehicles (DMV) will operate at approximately $5.3 million a year
less than it would wi thout an automated system.

COMPUTER AIDS HIGH-FORCE
TEST PROGRAM ON
MISSILE STRUCTURES

A CDC 3300 computer coupled
to a new high-force facility for
testing entire substructures of
NASA's mighty Saturn V's second

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

stage (S-II) has gone into operation at Wyle Laboratories' Testing
Division in Huntsville, Ala. Wyle
is the. nation's largest independent testing company. The new test
facility provides engineers with
two massive Hydrashaker systems
which simulate the terrific vibration generated by Saturn's engines
at launch and during the early
stages of flight.
The tests are providing scientists and engineers with crucial
information about the behavior of
the structures under conditions of
vibration closely simulating those
which they will encounter in their
service environment. To detect
and measure the response of the
test specimens to vibratory forces,
and to record and analyze the resulting data, Wyle engineers have
designed and installed a highly
sophisticated data acquisition and
processing system. It consists of
accelerometers, signal switching
equipment, signal conditioning
equipment, and a Control Data
Model 3300 digital computer.
When a test is in progress,
the accelerometers originate analog data signals corresponding to
the "g" levels at various cri tical
points on the test specimen. The
outputs of the accelerometers are
routed to junction boxes. Threeto-one coaxial switches allow a
maximum of 450 accelerometers to
be routed to the signal conditioning equipment in sets of 160.
These switches are relay operated,
and are controlled from the data
acquisition calibration and monitor console located in the instrumentation control room.
Charge amplifiers are used to
amplify the accelerometer signals,
and the outputs are routed to the
CDC 3300 computer's multiplexer
and analog-to-digital conversion
system. The computer records the
data on digital tape for subsequent analysis and reduction -completing in hours what older
equipment would require weeks to
accomplish. Thus, changeovers
from one test setup to the next
can be made with full assurance
that the data obtained from the
previous test is valid and complete.
The design of all buildings
and equipment was completed by
Wyle engineers under a $3.5 million contract from the Space and
Information Division of North
American Aviation, Inc., the prime
contractor to NASA - Marshall Space
Flight Center for design and fabrication of Saturn V second stage.

57

Newsletter

NEW CONTRACTS

Westinghouse Electric Company

Scientific Data Systems, Santa
Monica, Calif,
Texas Instruments Inc.,
Dallas, Texas

Honeywell, Computer Control
Division, Framingham, Mass.
U. S. Army Electronics Command, Automatic Data Field
Systems Command

Howard Research Div., Control
Data Corporation, Bethesda, Md.

Computer Reporting Systems,
Inc" Los Angeles, Calif.

IBM Corporation

U. S. Air Force

Computing and Software, Inc.,
Los Angeles, Calif.

Department of the Army

Informatics Inc., Sherman
Oaks, Calif.

National Cash Register Co.

Decision Control, Inc., Newport Beach. Calif.
Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.,
Data Equipment Div., Santa
Ana, Calif.
Lockheed Missiles & Space Co.

U. S. Air Force
Far West Laboratory for Educational Research and Development
Army Electronics Command
New Jersey Hospital Association

Sylvania Electric Products
Inc., Sylvania Electronic
Systems
System Development Corp. (SOC),
Santa Monica, Calif.

U. S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD)

System Development Corp. (SOC),
Santa Monica, Calif.

U. S. Army's Frankford Arsenal

California Computer Products,
Inc., Anaheim, Calif,

Digital Equipment Corp.,
Maynard, Mass.

Programming Services, Inc.,
Tarzana, Calif.

Sigma computers and related equipment

$5 million

Integrated circuits to be used in new lowcost "MICRO-PAC" logic modules, memory systems and memory test equipment as well as
in Honeywell's new DDP-516 computer
Transportable ADP (Automatic Data Processing) equipment to be used in a field experiment in the Seventh U. S. Army, Europe,
to assist in determining hardware and software requirements for an Army-wide Tactical
Operations System (TOS)
IBM 360 multiple-use computer system which
will eventually store the credit record of
virtually every individual in the Pacific
Southwest
Data processing and data reduction services at the Air Force Systems Command,
Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Edwards
AFB, Calif.
Designing and implementing computer software and user procedures to integrate the
display hardware of a graphics output display analysis system, using The Army Operations Center computer and display hardware system
Quantity production of buffer memory
systems
A special graphical-to-digital conversion
system to be delivered to the Rome Air Development Center (RADC). Griffi ss AFB. N. Y.
Designing a computerized system by which
all public schools in northern California
and most of Nevada could draw mutually
and instantly on new findings in educational research
Design of an electronic steering technique which will keep a laser beam
"on target" while transmitting data
Design of a time-shared information system that would result in a total automated hospital information system serving
the 147-member institutions of the New
Jersey Hospital Association
Review and evaluation of the major automated systems that have been used for
metropolitan area planning and programming
Production·of FAULT logic testers and auxiliary equipment to be used for field testing of the FADAC computer portion of automatic artillery fire control systems
Development of a FORTRAN IV compiler for
PDP-9

over $4 million

$4,345,758

$3.5 million

over $1.4 million

$188,000

over $800,000
$90,000
$85,000

$77,289
$54,950

NEW INSTALLATIONS

Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA),
Pittsburgh, Pa,

Two IBM System/360 Model 30's

Westinghouse Electric Corp., Westinghouse Tele-Computer Center,
Pi ttsburgh, Pa.
The Data-Way Corp., Uniondale, N,Y.

Control Data 6600 computer system and multiple Control Data
3100 computer systems
GE-115

Chemical Bank New York Trust Company, New York, N.Y.

Four Burroughs B300 computer
systems

Augustana College, Rock Island, Ill.

IBM 1130 computer

5R

Control unit in nationwide communications network
linking plants, sales offices, and subsidiaries
(119) in 78 cities across the nation
Initially plans to use the 6600 and its satellite
computers for processing both scientific and engineering data
Handling payrolls, statistical work, billing and
similar customer services
Upgrading proof transit processing methods; all
four systems communicate electronically with a
central 19.2 million character disk file memory
Educational and administrative purposes

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Dcccmlx:r, 1<)('('

Newsletter

U. S. Rubber Co., Midwest Management
Information Center, Allen Park, Mich.

Three IBM System/360s -- Models
30, 40 and 50

Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Oak Brook,
Ill.
Surburban Bank and Trust Company,
Kansas City, Mo.

SDS 930 computer

Ward Schools of Business, Boston and
Worcester, Mass.

Two H-120 computer systems

Merchants National Bank, Cedar
Rapids, Iowa

IBM System/360 Model 30

Department of Computer Science,
Queen's University, Belfast

I.C.T. 1905 computer

Dry Dock Savings Bank, New York, N.Y.

IBM System/360 computer

Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla.

Control Data 6400 computer
system

Kentucky Finance Co., Inc., Lexington, Ky.

UNIVAC 9200 computer system

National Machinery Co., Tiffin,
Ohio

IBM System/360 Model 30

Houhigant, Inc., New York, N.Y.

Spectra 70/15 computer

The Parker Pen Co., Janesville, Wis.

IBM System/360 Model 30

Cox Broadcasting Corp., Atlanta, Ga.

Honeywell 200 series, Model 120

Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Mich.

IBM System/360 Model 20

The Alaga and Whitfield Companies,
Montuolj\ery, Ala.

IBM 1130

H. P. W~sson and Co., Indianapolis,
Ind.
Pana-Hi llsboro Mutual Insurance Co.,
Hi 11 s bo ro, Ill.

NCR 315 system

NCR 315 computer system

IBM System/360 Model 20

General Atomic Division, General
Dynamics, San Diego, Calif.

UNIVAC 1108 system

Pierce National Life Insurance Co.,
North Hollywood, Calif.

IBM System/360

Northwestern Mutual Insurance Co.,
Senttle, Wash.

IBM System/360 Model 30

~:;iana State Police Headquarters,
HOlton Rouge. La.
Uepartment of Public Instruction,
Pennsylvania

UNIVAC 418 system

LClId

(.OMI'UTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

NCR 315 computer

Nationwide communications network handling sales
forecasting, order processing, billing, purchasing. production planning and inventory control
Complementing engineering efforts and in Critical
Path Method (CPM) scheduling
Use primarily for demand deposit accounting; also
will serve some 16 other banks in Kansas and
Missouri which share common ownership
Dual-computer system for pupil instruction in basic
and advanced computer technology; systems at both
locations will be identical except that the Boston
school will house tape control units and Worcester
will have direct communication link to provide
memory to memory transfer of information between
systems
Internal accounting and aUditing needs as well as
serving needs of some 40 businesses and correspondent banks
Research projects for the development of multiaccess software; also for administrative use including usual accounting procedures
Processing of its savings accounts on-line; a
second System/360 handles mortgage accounts, Club
accounts, bank's payroll and also will serve as
back-up for the first system
Inclusion in a time-sharing mode via remote consoles (on-campus) to serve a wide variety of users;
off-campus remote consoles to serve local educational institutions also being considered
All types of accounting requirements; also for
centralized direct mail advertising, personnel
statistical reports and stockholder accounting
Helping to cut product assembly time and eliminating production snags; also company payroll, inventory control, engineering and sales analysis, and
an expanding personnel recording job
Use handling increased accounting and administrative work
Second phase of long-range program to integrate
data gathering procedures, nnd for production and
marketing forecasting and control
Analyzing market data and preparing sales development material; also for compilation of local election results, public opinion poll tabulations, TV
log writing, TV scheduling; plus accounting and
billing for about 40,000 Cox cablevision subscribers across country
Accounting and statistical tasks previously handled
on punched card equipment; later the newspaper's
payroll will be added to its tasks
Accounting functions performed by earlier computer
as well as adding market research and inventory
functions
Stock control; also accounts receivable, accounts
payable and payroll
Meeting the increased accounting demands of the
firm's expanding windstorm insurance business; also
anticipate applications in automatic rating and
writing of policies and bookkeeping functions such
as calculating and printing premium notices
Nuclear research and development work; also will be
offered commercially to outside organizations for
technical and business data processing
Development of an advanced management information
system -- system will contain all of firm's insurance policy information and financial data, which
will be updated daily
Use as the hub of a nation-wide computerized information system permitting daily updating and immediate
access to all of company's policies by its regional
offices and agents
An advanced computer-based "real-time" police.
information system
An "Educational Management Information System"
that eventually will put 500 school districts and
14 colleges into direct communication with the
computer, located in Harrisburg

59

Newsletter

ORGANIZATION NEWS

MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
WILL BE MADE BY EAI

Electronic Associates, Inc.,
West Long Branch, N.J., will decentralize its U.S. operations in
January 1967 to form four major
product-line divisions and a marketing division, it has been announced. According to EAI president Lloyd F. Christianson, the
move is designed to prepare for
future growth and product diversification. It is the first major
organizational change in the 21year history of the company, which
has more than doubled its sales
volume and manpower in the past
five years.
Under the new organization,
the four product-line divisions
will have their own production, engineering and product planning facilities, and will be individually
responsible for product-line profitability. The divisions and their
general managers will be: Analogi
Hybrid Computer Division, Fred L.
Martinson; Digital Computer Division, Romeo R. Favreau; Control
and Information Systems Division,
William J. Peet, II; Instrument
Division, William K. Kindle.
The fifth division, Marketing,
managed by John A. Curtis, will be
responsible for all selling functions, service engineering, operation of the company's computation
centers, and education and training facilities.

SDS WILL SELL
COBOL PROGRAMMING SYSTEM
FOR SIGMA COMPUTERS

OLIVETTI ANNOUNCES
NEW LEASE PLAN

Scientific Data Systems, Los
Angeles, Calif., will offer a
COBOL-65 business programming system as an extra cost option with
its new Sigma 7 computers, it was
announced recently by SDS President Max Palevsky. In announcing
the decision to sell COBOL, he
explained that "Many users of Sigma 7 may not require the business
capability provided by COBOL. By
charging those who use it an additional fee, we avoid penalizing
customers for software they may
not use."
Commenting on the impact of
this new concept, Dan L. McGurk,
SDS Vice President of Marketing,
explained, "For the first time the
small user will be able to buy
only that software which he requires for his applications rather
than paying the hidden cost for
software formerly included in the
price of the machine."
SDS is the first computer
manufacturer to require an additional payment for a major programming system such as COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language).
Traditionally, the cost of programs developed by computer manufacturers has been included in the
price of the equipment.

STAFF BUILDERS 1
DATA-PROCESSING DIVISION
IN NATIONAL EXPANSION MOVE

An agreement has been signed
between CAE (Compagnie europeenne
d'Automatisme Electronique) a member of the CITEC Group, and TELEFUNKEN AG for the sale and maintenance of hybrid computing systems,
including digital computers C 90-40
and C 90-80 manufactured by CAE and
analog computers RA 770 manufactured by TELEFUNKEN.

Staff Builders, Inc., a leader
in the temporary data processing
personnel business in New York, has
announced the expansion of its
data-processing personnel division
to all its offices throughout the
nation. Expansion was made, according to George Rubin, President,
to meet the unprecedented demand
for personnel equipped to handle
all aspects of the "computer revolution". All offices now offer a
full roster of temporary data-processing personnel both for electronic computers and the more conventional equipment.

The agreement provides for
each firm the marketing of hybrid
systems in its own country and allows for a large collaboration in
the design and implementing of
this technique. The first system
will be set up in Germany at the
Institute for Mathematical technique of the Berlin Technical
University.

Staff Builders is not an employment agency. Itis a temporary personnel contractor. All
categories of personnel are hired
and paid by Staff Builders, and
are leased out to all types of
businesses on part-time and temporary assignments.
(For more information, designate
~4l on the Readers Service Card.)

FRENCH-GERMAN CO-OPERATION
FOR HYBRID COMPUTING SYSTEMS

Go

A new office equipment leasing
plan which is free of any interest
or carrying charges during the lease
term was announced recently by Olivetti Underwood Corporation, New
York. The plan, which includes all
models of the corporation's typewriters, calculating machines, accounting machines, desk-top computers, and copying machines, is effective now at the several thousand
Olivetti Underwood branches, exclusive agents, and dealers coast
to coast.
Under the Olivetti Underwood
plan, a customer leases new office
equipment for a two or three year
term, making monthly payments, and
with no advance deposits required.
These payments in total will never
exceed the normal purchase price
of the same equipment. When a
lease expires, customers have the
option of either returning the
equipment to Olivetti Underwood,
or Olivetti Underwood will replace
the used machine with the latest
model of the same type of machine
under a new lease.
Leasing arrangements under
the new Olivetti Underwood national plan are being handled by the
Equilease Company, a division of
ELTRA Corporation, with headquarters in New York, and branch offices coast to coast, as well as
in Canada and in Europe.

TRI-CONTINENTAL FORMS
NEW DATA PROCESSING UNIT

Tri-Continental Corporation,
the nation's largest diversified
publicly-traded investment company,
and the Mutual Funds of the Broad
Street Group have formed a new
company to provide up-to-date electronic data processing and computer services for these and associated companies, Fred E. Brown,
president, has announced.
Through the new company
Union Data Service Center, Inc.
it is believed that Tri-C6ntinental becomes the first diversified
publicly-traded investment company
to have its own electronic data
processing organization.
Progressively in 1967, Union
Data Service Center will take over
such tasks as stock transfers, dividend payments, proxy distribution
and tabulation, stockholder services connected with dividend in-

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19(i(i

Newsletter
vestment plans, and the maintenance of portfolio and accounting
records.

C & S ACQUIRES
MAJOR SERVICE BUREAU

Computing and Software, Inc.
(C&S) , Panorama City, Calif., in
a move designed to provide further
impetus to the firm's planned growth
program, has acquired Commercial
Business Services (CBS) of Long
Beach, Cali f • Fi nanci al detail s of
the transaction were not disclosed.
In conjunction with an existing data center operated by C&S in
the Sari Fernando Valley, the newly
acquired Long Beach data center
will make a broad range of data
processing services more readily
accessible to business and industrial communities within the Greater Los Angeles area.
As a result of acquiring CBS,
one of the nation's oldest data
processing service organizations,
over one million dollars in commercial sales will be added to
C&S' annual revenues. The newly
acquired company will operate as
a division of C&S.

COMPUTING CENTERS

DAIRY HERD IMPROVEMENT
COMPUTING SERVICE

The Dairy Herd Improvement
Computing Service, Provo, Utah, is
using an IBM System/360 to help
take some of the guesswork out of
herd management. DHI, founded in
19~}1,was the first organization
to use data processing equipment
in her~ management. It now serves
1400 member farms of the Dairy Herd
Improvement Association and keeps
records on a total of 120,000 cows.
"The dairyman of today," said Bliss
H. Crandall, owner of DHI, "now has
at his disposal a complete management information and control system to help make breeding, culling
and feeding decisions."
.
Once each month, the dairymen
enter the daily weight of milk and
percentage of butter fat each of
their cows produces on DHI special
forms. These forms are sent to
DHI's headquarters where the information is punched into IBM cards
and inserted into the System/360.

The computer prints out a complete
record of the cow's current production along wi th its historical production figures which have been on
file in the System/360 Model 30.
Another sheet is printed out showing the individual cow's standing
in relation to the rest of the
herd. The report also provides a
monthly updated forecast of each
cow's production during the average 305-day lactation period.
By comparing production records with breeding, the dairyman
knows which sires and dams to
breed, which to provide additional
feed, and which to cull from the
herd.

EDUCATION NEWS

SDC TO AWARD
POSTDOCTORAL
RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

As many as twelve postdoctoral
research fellowships in the mathematical, information processing and
social sciences will be awarded annually by System Development Corporation (SOC), Santa Monica, California, under a new program announced
by SOC President Wesley S. Melahn.
Fellows selected under the
program will receive a $9,000 stipend while conducting research of
their own choosing in SDC's Research and Technology Division in
Santa Monica. A representative,
but not exhaustive, list of areas
that may be proposed for research
includes man-machine interaction,
education and training, computational linguistics, automata theory, formal and programming languages, the application of information processing to law, medicine,
economics, and other fields. Major resources available to Fellows
are the knowledge and experience
of a multi-disciplinary staff of
senior investigators, and the facilities of a computer-based manmachine laboratory.
Fellowships will be awarded
for full-time research at SOC with
normally a one-year tenure. A Ph .D.
or equivalent degree is required to
apply. Requests for applications
or for additional information
should be directed to the Information Office, Research and Technology Division, 2500 Colorado Ave.,
Santa Monica, Calif. 90406.

Reduce costs
10%-15%
or more
with short-term
leases of brand -new
IBM System/3GO
Computers

Randolph Computer Corporation
(formerly North American Computer) is managed by America's
most experienced computerleasing team specializing in shortterm leases of new IBM
System / 360 computers.
Investigate how your company may
benefit from our no-overtime and
guaranteed savings plans. Send
coupon now for full information or
phone 212-986-4722.
John M. Randolph, John G. Arbour,
Gerald J. Murphy, Cornelius T. Ryan,
Robinson R. Whiteside

r--------------------------RANDOLPH
COMPUTER CORPORATION

200 Park Ave., (Pan-Am Bldg.) N.Y., N.Y. 10017
Please send full information.

NAME
TITLE
COMPANY
STREET
CITY

STATE

L __________________________ _

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Newsletter
3M COMPANY COURSE

The 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn.,
is going to industry with a new
course giving employees an introduction to the entire field of electronic data processing (EDP)
without the need to disturb data
processing equipment or for instructors previously trained in
EDP.

3M data processing center where
visitors will see how the course
has helped train 3M emp,loyees and
trips to leading computer manufacturers in the Twin Cities.

To help launch the program,
3M is offering two-day seminars in
EDP to qualified persons in industry at its new Creative Teaching
Center in St. Paul. The seminars
will include an in-depth introduction to the course, tours of the

Teaching material for the data
processing course consists of a
three-volume text and an illustration book for the student, an instructor's guide and more than 250
visual aids for the teacher's use
on the overhead proj ector. Mo st of
the work is programmed, wi th the
student being led through ten increasingly-complex units of instruction. These range from "Introduction to Data Proces~ing" to
"Data Processing Mathematics," from
"Card Format and Beginning Wiring"
to "Introduction to Computers."
(For more information, designate
#42 on the Readers Service Card.)

RESEARCH FRONTIER

LIFE ON MARS?

This fully miniaturized space
laboratory, shown unfolding as it
would after landing on Mars, has
been developed to determine if life

has existed or exists on the Martian surface. Called the Automated
Biological Laboratory by its developer, the Space and He-entry Sys-

terns Division of PhilcoFord Corporation, Newport
Beach, Calif., the space
capsule is designed to
conduct a series of highly sophisticated tests
under on-board computer
command or under command
from earth scientists
via radio li nk. Two top
photos in this simulated
landing show ABL just
after impact and as it
begins to unfold its legs,
which orient the capsule
to

~

vertic~l

position.

In photo at lower left,
ABL has deployed its legs
and is preparing to deploy its mast and other
scientific equipment. In
the final sequence, ABL
has rai sed the mast,
which also contains phOtographic and other sensoring equipment and has
deployed devices which
can sample the soil immediately surrounding
ABL or from ranges as
distant as 1000 feet.
Note sampling device on
pully at top of mast and
sampling device prepared
to make tests on soil on
right side of capsule.

62

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December,

I~(,(,

Newsletter
BUSINESS NEWS

RCA SALES AND PROFITS
SET RECORDS

RCA expeGts to set an all-time
record in sales and profi ts in 1966,
with sales expected to reach $2.5
billion, Elmer W. Engstrom, Chairman of RCA's Executive Committee,
has announced. Dr. Engstrom cites
the following highlights of the
current pattern of RCA's business:
-- Defense and space activities
are again on the rise, with government sales this year expected to
increase by 15% over the 1965 total,
and a backlog to approach $400 million by the year's end.
-- Sales and earnings in data
processing eventually are expected
to become as important in RCA's
total pattern as color television
is today.
-- Sales and operating earnings
of RCA Communications, Inc., have
continued to set new high records
annually for the past 12 years.
Dr. Engstrom notes that RCA has
fixed its eyes on a future where,
in addition to its established businesses, it sees new opportunities
and new sources of profi ts in these
areas: graphic systems where we
are marketing and developing advanced electronics equipment and
technology for the printing industry; publishing where we have acquired Random House as a basis for
new business opportunities in the
written word; education where electronics is shaping new techniques
of learning and is entering a vast
growth market; and in medical electronics where we are collaborating with Hoffmann-LaRoche to develop and market new techniques and
instruments for the expanding
medical field.

MEMO REX REPORTS
RECORD SALES AND EARNINGS

Memorex Corporation reported
record sales and earnings for the
first nine months, Laurence L.
Spitters, President announces.
Net income for the nine months
ended Spetember 30 was $1,925,000,
a 136% increase over the corresponding figure a year earlier.
Earnings per share were $1.92 on
an average of 1,005,000 shares outstanding compared with $0.81 inthe
first nine months of 1965.

Net sales of $16,980,000 were
achieved in the first nine months,
a gain of 89% over the $8,963,000
comparable sales of a year earlier.
Of great significance to the
future of Memorex, Mr. Spitters
commented, was the successful public sale in August of $12,000,000
of 5% convertible sub-ordinated
debentures. This financing provided a threefold increase in the
amount of capitaf permanently invested in the business, and affords
Memorex a large capital base from
which future expansion of business
can be launched.

TALLY CORP. REPORTS RECORD
9·MONTH REVENUES, EARNINGS

Revenues and earnings of Tally
Corporation, Seattle, for the first
three quarters of 1966 surpassed
previous records for the same period achieved a year ago, Philip E.
Renshaw, chairman, announces. Cumulative revenues from sales, service, and rentals for the nine
months ended Sept. 30, 1966, were
$5,088,990, compared with $3,024,579
for the same period of 1965.
Net income for the 1966 nine
months amounted to $309,675, compared with $171,643 for the same
period in 1965. Tally reported
revenues of $4,537,723 and net operating income of $314,032 for all
of 1965.
Renshaw said the fourth quarter outlook virtually assured that
the company will exceed its growth
objective of a 40% increase in
revenues for the full current year.

MOORE CORP. EARNINGS
UP 18.6% ON INCREASED
SALES FOR NINE MONTHS

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Moore Corp., Ltd., has reported a 15.2% increase in sales, 'and
an 18.6% increase in net earnings
for the first nine months of 1966
compared with the corresponding ,
period of 1965.
Sales for the first nine
months of 1966 were $203,507,353
compared with $176,629,372 in the
same period last year. Net earnings after providing for income
taxes were $18,939,270 this year
compared with $15,975,187 in the
first nine months of 1965.
At the same time, the company
announced the opening of a new plant
in Tlalnepantla, a Mexico City suburb. It replaces premises rented
in the City for the past 14 years.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

Designate No. 16 on Readers Service Card

63

MONTIHIlLY COMP1IJTlER ClEN§1IJ§
The number of electronic computers installed or in production at anyone time has been i ncreasi ng at a bewi Ideri ng pace
in the past several years. New vendors have come into the computer market, and familiar machines have gone out of production.
Some new machines have been received with open arms by users others have been given the cold shoulder.
To aid our readers in keeping up with this mushrooming activity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this
monthly report on the number of general purpose electronic computers of American-based companies which are installed or on
order as of the preceding month. These figures included installations and orders outside the Uni ted States. We update this
computer census monthly, so that it wi 11 serve as a "box-score"
AS OF
NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
ASI Computer

Autonetics
Bunker-Ramo Corp.

Burroughs

Control Data Corporation

Data Machines, Inc.
Digital Equipment Corp.

El-tronics, Inc.
Electronic Associates, Inc.
Friden
Genera 1 Elec tric

Honeywell

64

NAME OF
COMPUTER

of progress for readers interested in following the growth of
the American computer industry, and of the computing power it
builds.
In general, manufacturers in the computer field do not
officially release installation and on order figures, The figures in this census are developed through a continuing market
survey conducted by associates of our magazine, This market
research program develops and maintains a data bank describing current computer installations in the Uni ted States. A
similar program is conducted for overseas installations,
Any additions, or corrections, from informed readers will
be welcomed.

NOVEMl3ER 10, 1966

SOLID
STATE?

AVERAGE MONTHLY
RENTAL

DATE OF FIRST
INSTALLATION

NUMBER OF
INSTALLATIONS

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED ORDERS

ASI 210
Y
$3850
4/62
25
0
ASI 2100
Y
$4200
12/63
7
0
ADVANCE 6020
Y
$4400
4/65
12
5
ADVANCE 6040
Y
$5600
7/65
6
5
ADVANCE 6050
Y
$9000
2/66
5
6
ADVANCE 6070
Y
$15,000
10/65
5
6
ADVANCE 6~1~3~0____~Y~_______$~1~0~0~0___________~1~1~/6~6~________~=0__________~1~5____
RECOMP II
Y
$2495
11/58
37
X
RECOMP III
Y
$1495
6/61
8
X
BR 130
Y
$2000
10/61
160
2
BR-133
Y
$2400
5/64
25
44
BR-230
Y
$2680
8/63
15
X
BR-300
Y
$3000
3/59
36
X
BR-330
Y
$4000
12/60
31
X
BR-340
Y
$7000
12/63
20
X
205
N
$4600
1/54
43
X
220
N
$14,000
10/58
34
X
E101-103
N
$875
1/56
128
X
B100
Y
$2800
8/64
164
15
B250
Y
$4200
11/61
84
1
B260
Y
$3750
11/62
230
4
B270
Y
$7000
7/62
165
5
B280
Y
$65')0
7/62
130
7
B300
Y
$10,000
7/65
118
85
B2500
Y
$5000
1/67
0
40
$14,000
5/67
0
30
B3500
Y
B5500
Y
$22,000
3/63
59
13
B6500
Y
$33,000
2/68
0
8
B8500
Y
$200,000
2/67
0
1
G-15
N
$1600
7/55
310
X
G-20
Y
$15,500
4/61
23
X
LGP-21
Y
$725
12/62
118
X
LGP-30
semi
$1300
9/56
122
X
RPC-4000
Y
$1875
1/61
55
X
160"'/160A/16(x;
Y
$2100/$5000/$12,000 5/60;7/61;3/64
458
5
Y
$11,000
8/61
26
X
924/924A
1604/1604A
Y
$45,000
1/60
59
X
1700
Y
$4000
5/66
30
120
3100
Y
$11,000
12/64
102
40
$14,000
5/64
87
X
3200
Y
3300
Y
$15,000
9/65
55
50
$25,000
11/64
19
X
3400
Y
3500
Y
$30,000
9/67
0
10'
3600
Y
$58,000
6/63
50
X
3800
Y
$60,000
2/66
12
16
6400
Y
$50,000
5/66
9
18
6600
Y
$85,000
8/64
20
15
6800
Y
$130,000
4/67
0
4
620
Y
$900
11/65
23
30
PDP-l
Y
$3400
11/60
60
X
PDP-4
Y
$1700
8/62
57
X
PDP-5
Y
$900
9/63
115
1
PDP-6
Y
$10,000
10/64
23
2
PDP-7
Y
$1300
11/64
95
40
PDP-8
Y
$525
4/65
490
270
PDP-9
Y
$1000
12/66
0
60
ALWAC IIIE
N
$1820
2/54
16
X
8400
Y
$12,000
6/65
12
8
6010
Y
$600
6/63
470
70
115
Y
$1800.
12/65
200
575
205
Y
$2900
6/64
44
X
Y
$16,000
7/59
50
X
210
215
Y
$6000
9/63
54
X
Y
$8000
4/61
205
X
225
235
Y
$10,900
4/64
69
2
Y
$9600
5/64
195
60
415
425
Y
$18,000
6/64
82
44
435
Y
$25,000
9/65
30
18
Y
$50,000
4/65
20
10
625
635
Y
$56,000
5/65
18
22
645
Y
$90,000
7/66
2
10
DDP-24
Y
$2500
5/63
82
3
DDP-1l6
Y
$900
4/65
130
40
3/66
20
40
DDP-124
Y
$2050
DDP-224
Y
$3300
3/65
42
11
H-120
Y
$3800
1/66
270
300
H-200
Y
$7500
3/64
910
130

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
Honeywell (cont'd)

IBM

National Cash Register Co.

Phi lco
Radio Corporation of America

Raytheon
Scientific Control Corporation

Scientific Data Systems Inc.

Sys terns Engineering Labs
UNIVAC

NAME OF
SOLID
COMPUTER
STATE?
H-400
Y
H-800
Y
H-1200
Y
H-1400
Y
H-1800
Y
H-2200
Y
H-4200
Y
H-8200
Y
DATAmatic 1000
N
305
N
y
360/20
360/30
Y
360/40
Y
360/44
Y
360/50
Y
360/62
Y
360/65
Y
y
360/67
360/75
Y
360/90 Series
Y
650
N
1130
Y
1401
Y
1401-G
Y
1410
Y
1440
Y
1460
Y
y
1620 I, II
1800
Y
701
N
7010
Y
702
N
y
7030
704
N
y
7040
7044
Y
705
N
7070, 2, 4
Y
y
7080
709
N
y
7090
y
7094
7094 II
Y
NCR - 304
Y
y
NCR - 310
NCR - 315
Y
y
NCR - 315-RMC
y
NCR - 390
y
NCR - 500
1000
Y
y
2000-210, 211
2000-212
Y
y
RCA 301
y
RCA 3301
y
RCA 501
y
RCA 601
y
Spectra 70/15
Spectra 70/25
Y
y
Spectra 70/35
Spectra 70/45
Y
y
S2ec tra 70i55
y
250
y
440
y
520
y
650
655
Y
y
660
y
670
SDS-92
Y
y
SDS-910
y
SDS-920
SDS-925
Y
SDS-930
Y
SDS-940
Y
SDS-9300
Y
y
Sigma 2
y
Sicama 7
y
SEL-81O/81OA
SEL-84O i 840A
Y
I & II
N
III
Y
File Computers
N
Solid-State 80 I,II
90 I, II & Step
Y
418
Y
490 Series
Y
1004
Y
1005
Y
1050
Y
1100 Series (except 1107)
N
1107
Y
1108
Y
y
9200
9300
Y
LARC
Y

X ::: no longer in production.

AVERAGE MONTHLY
RENTAL
$8500
$30,000
$8000
$14,000
$42,000
$13,000
$20,500
$35,000
40 000
$3600
$2000
$7500
$15,000
$10,000
$26,000
$55,000
$50,000
$75,000
$78,000
$140,000
$4800
$1200
$6600
$2300
$14,200
$4800
$11,500
$4000
$7600
$5000
$22,600
$6900
$160,000
$32,000
$22,000
$32,000
$38,000
$27,000
$55,000
$40,000
$63,500
$72,500
~78,500

$14,000
$2500
$8500
$12,000
$1850
P500
$7010
$40,000
~52,OOO

$7000
$17 ,000
$14,000
$35,000
$4100
$6700
$10,400
$17,400
~40,500

$1200
$3500
$3200
$500
$1800
$2000
~2600

$1500
$2000
$2900
$3000
$3400
$10,000
$7000
$1000
~12,OOO

$1000
~1400

$25,000
$20,000
$15,000

DATE OF FIRST
NUMBER OF
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATIONS
12/61·
116
12/60
90
2/66
25
1/64
12
1/64
10
1/66
15
3/67
0
3/68
0
12 57
2
12 57
145
12/65
925
2200
5/65
4/65
1100
7/66
15
130
8/65
11/65
1
11/65
24
10/66
2
14
2/66
0
6/67
172
11/54
500
11/65
7700
9/60
1600
5/64
11/61
805
3300
4/63
1800
10/63
1680
9/60
60
1/66
1
4/53
212
10/63
2/55
6
5/61
6
12/55
32
6/63
120
6/63
125
52
11/55
325
3/60
85
8/61
9
8/58
45
11/59
117
9/62
127
4i64
25
1/60
20
5/61
5/62
365
64
9/65
1030
5/61
620
10/65
16
6/63
16
10/58
12
1i 63
644
2/61
67
7/64
96
6/59
11/62
5
70
9/65
40
9/65
10
7/66
20
11/65
0
lli 66
12/60
175
16
3/64
19
10/65
3
5/66
0
10/66
5
10/65
1
5i 66
64
4/65
186
8/62
135
9/62
12/64
28
132
6/64
4/66
7
32
11/64
0
12/66
0
12i66
28
9/65
3
11i 65
26
3/51 & 11/57
77
8/62
16
8/56

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED ORDERS
X
2
80
1
1
55
6
2
X
X
6300
4500
1500
150
550
X
210
65
30
10
X
3800
200
50
70
150
60
20
300
X
6
X
X
X
4
5
X
X
X
X
X
2
5
X
X
90
70
40
780
X
X
X
2
7
X
X
110
65
90
100
12
X
3
6
7
2
3
2
30
6
10
10
18
11

8
140
25
8
6
X
X
X

$8000
$11,000
$35,000
$1900
$2400
$8000

8/58
6/63
12/61
2/63
4/66
9/63

250
95
110
3200
425
290

X
38
54
50
275
40

$35,000
$55,000
$65,000
$1500
$3400
P35,OOO

12/50
10/62
9/65
6/67
6/67
5i 6O

10
29
25
0
0
2

X
X
52
550
150
X

39,108

23,328

TOTALS

'" To avoid double counting, note that the Control Data 160 serves as the central processor of the NCR 310. Also, many of the orders for the
IBM 7044, 7074, and 7094 I and II's are not for new machines but for conversion from existing 7040, 7070, and 7090 computers respectively.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

65

make "believers" in on-line techniques
out of most computer users.
This is a definitive reference guide to
computer displays . . . what they are,
how they work, how to use them, who
ma,kes them, and how good are the ones
offered for sale. The "Computer Display
Review" is designed as an information
service rather than a static reference text;
updating information is supplied three
times a year on products and techniques
in the display field. In addition, abstracts of timely articles and paper on
display systems wiII be included in the
updates.
The explanations in the review are
clear and largely understandable to even
the non-technical reader. Photographs
and illustrations are extensively used to
aid rapid comprehension. The work appears to provide thorough coverage of
the field in even this, the first installment.
The Computer Display Review should be
useful to product planners, programmers,
systems analysts working with displays,
and consultants.
George, F. H. / Computer Arithmetic /
Pergamon Press Inc., 44-01 21st
Street, Long Island City, New York
11101 / 196'6, printed, 277 pp., $4.95
This is a programmed text, using the
Crowder method (i.e., if you choose a
wrong answer, you travel through more
pages than if you choose a right answer;
the reading path does not travel on consecutive pages). The book is instructive,
and well-written, though rather elementary.

BOOKS AND OTHER
PUBLICATIONS: Reviews
Neil Macdonald
Assistant Editor
Computers and Automation
We publish here citations and brief
reviews of books and other publications
which have a significant relation to computers, data processing, and automation,
and whirh have rome to our attention.
We shall be glad to report other information in· future lists if a review ropy
is sent to us. The plan of each entry is:
author or editor / title / publisher or
issuer / date, publication process, number of pages, price or its equivalent /
comments. If you write to a publisher
or issuer, we would appreciate your
mentioning Computers and Automation.
Gilmore, John T., editor, and staff members of Charles W. Adams Associates,
Inc. / The Computer Display Review /
Charles W. Adams Associates, 575
Technology Square, Cambridge, Mass.
02139 / July, 1966, printed, approx.
500 pp., $750; price includes updating
supplements for one year (at fourmonth intervals); $150.00 for annual
renewals.
"Seeing is believing" is an old saw.
The results of advances during the last
few years in techniques for the entry,
processing, and display of visual information by computer systems may well

·..·........ ....

•••••••
•••••••
••
••
•••••••

Notices

Is programming important at Lockheed Missiles &
Space Company? Consider these facts: scientific programming, on an extremely broad scale, ranges from
deep sea to deep space. Business programming
includes real-time systems for manufacturing and
management information. Programming services are
concentrated in one centralized facility. Degree and
appropriate experience required.'
For further information, write K. R. Kiddoo, Professional Placement Manager, Lockheed M issi les &
Space Company, P.O. Box 504, Sunnyvale, California.
An equal opportunity employer. LOCKHEED
MISSILES &
A

66

Dearden, John, and F. Warren McFarlan / Management Information Systems: Text and Cases / Richard D.
Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Ill. / 1966,
printed, 427 pp., $10.65
This is a strange book. In spite of the
fact that it is based on a course given
at the Harvard Business School, there
seem to be hardly any summaries or'
conclusions. Two thirds of the book is
devoted to the presentation of cases,
descriptions of what actually happened
in various companies with management
information systems and data processing.
But no conclusions are given - just the
"case" is given. Not even questions are
given for many of the cases.
Carne, E. B. / Artificial Intelligence
Techniques / Spartan Books, 1250
Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington,
D. C. 20036 / 1965, printed, 149 pp.,
$7.25
The chapters of this book are: Introduction; Neuron Models; Simple Learning Systems; Pattern Recognition; Programming; Reliable Networks. The author has had some first-hand experience
with computer components and computer-controlled systems. The book contains a good deal of interesting information about the various topics, evidently
gathered from more than ordinary research and reading. But the book often
contains trite or elementary remarks.
Hilton, Alice Mary, editor, and over 30
authors / The Evolving Society / The
Institute for Cybercultural Research,
New York / 1966, printed, 410 pp.,
$8.95
This is the proceedings of the "First
Annual Conference on the Cybercultural
Revolution - Cybernetics and Automation", June 19-21, 1964. It consists of
the presentations and discussions of a
diverse group of persons talking on many
diverse topics. There is no index .

GROU'"

SPACE COMPANY

DIVISION OF" LC)CK.Hl~ED AIRCRAFT CORPORAnofV

Brozen, Yale / Automation: The Impact
of Technological Change / American
Enterprise Institute for Public Policy
Research, 1012 14 St., N. W., WashinR'
ton 5, D. C. / 1963, printed, 47 pp, $ I.O()
Rosine, Lawrence L., editor / Advances
in Electronic Circuit Packaging, vol. 3.
Proceedings of the 1962 Electronic Cir·
cuit Packaging Symposium, Boulder.
Col., 1962 / Plenum Press, Inc.. 227
West 17 St., New York 11, N. Y. /
1963, printed, 456 pp, $16.50
Jarmain, 'V. Edwin, editor / Problems ill
Industrial Dynamics / M. I. T. Press,
Cambridge 42, Mass. / 1963, offset. 12·1
pp, $6.00
CDC 3100 COMPUTER
Will sublease or sell CDC 3100 computer
system well below manufacturer's price.
Full line of peripheral equipment
available. For further details, write
Box 122, Computers and Automation,
815 Washington St., Newtonville,
Massachusetts 02160.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1%6

Strangest
library
in the world.
1300 requests a day, and not a book in sight.
In fact it rarely has a visitor.
And the only sound in the reading
room is from IBM computers duplicating programs to serve IBM
customers.
Located 28 miles northeast of
New York City, this country
library is a computer-age phenomenon. Its bookless shelves are
loaded with programs on tapes,
cards and disks ... programs developed by IBM and its customers.
The library began operations

nine 'years ago and started acquiring programs for distribution.
Since then, computer technology
has moved so swiftly that only a
few of the original programs remain on file.
Now it takes the ,power and
speed of IBM SYSTEM/360 to
maintain, update and distribute
the thousands of programs currently in the library. And it requires four trucks each day just
to ship them out.

It even takes special equipment
to handle the volume. Like a newly
developed tape duplicator to
process as much as 4 billion characters of information daily ... the
equivalent of 7000 books. And
miniature tape reels to speed
automatically updated program
information to IBM customers.
Strange little library. None
other quite like it.
And it's there when you need
it ... like all IBM services.

[b

BRANDON APPLIED SVSTEMS J INC.
AND

coml?,,~a'E~.!.:!'

DATA PROCESSING MANAGEMENT COURSES
COURSE 67:

CONTENTS OF THIS COURSE

DATA PROCESSING ORGANIZATION AND
PERSONNEL

Introduction and Objectives
Personnel Concepts
- Types of personnel
- Problems of personnel
- Shortages in the industry
- Optimum functional breakdown
Personnel Practice
- Prerequisites
- Recruitment

The success or failure of a data processing installation clearly hinges on its personnel, and its ability to use
the resources available on an effective, efficient basis. This has been a difficult problem in many installations,
further compounded by the scarcity of qualified personnel, and the resultant high turnover and salary spiral.
As a result, it is becoming necessary to establish separate personnel administration practices, and to consider
EDP personnel and organization separately from other activities in the organization. This seminar explores this
emerging new science, and discusses the important elements and concepts of good EDP personnel policy and
the optimal organizational environment.

FOR WHOM IS THIS COURSE INTENDED?
This course is intended for all managers with responsibilities for personnel and organization. This includes
the data processing manager, the systems manager, programming and operations manager, as well as the personnel manager or the EDP personnel specialist.

OBJECTIVES OF THIS COURSE
The major objective of this course is to provide a general review of practices in organization and personnel
management in the data processing industry. Within this objective, it will be possible to identify solutions
to specific problems, and to establish basic policy on personnel and organization.

Course 61:
Management Standards for Data Processing
A two-day course for data processing management covering effective management and control techniques.

Course 62:
Operations Control
A one-day course to provide operations managers and supervisors with a body of techniques and discipline for operations management.

Course 63:
Computer Systems Analysis Techniques
A two-day course for senior systems analysts, supervisors,
and data processing managers providing systems analysis
and feasibility study techniques.

Course 64:
Management Audit of Data Processing
A one-day course to provide data processing executives and
top management with measurement techniques to evaluate
the performance of a data processing installation.

Course 65:
Appreciation Course in Data Processing
This course, for top executives and departmental management, examines the technical concepts, economics, planning steps, and environments necessary for successful installations.

68

- Promotion and transfer
- Job descriptions
Organization
- Concepts
- Systems and data base integration needs
- Ultimate objectives
- Location of data processing
- Centralization
- Structure
- Selection
- Formal training programs
- Systems
- Programming
- Operation
- D.P. Management
- On-the-job training needs
- Supervision and administration
- Salary structure

Course 66:
Introduction to Data Communications and
Time Sharing
A course for data processing, departmental, and other executives concerned with use of data communications equipment or time sharing techniques.

Course 68:
Review of Programming Languages
A one-day course to provide data processing management
a brief review of language structure and status and to
assist in the possible selection of a language.

Course 69:
Top Management Control of Electronic Data
Processing
A two-day course for top management to provide guidance
in control over data processing installations.

r - I TO:

BRANDON APPLIED SYSTEMS, INC.

30 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 10017

Please send me the Course Catalog.

i My

name and address are attached.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

CALENDAR

OF

Mar. 7-9, 1967: 8th Annual AFETR Range User Data Symposium, Air Force Eastern Test Range, Orlando Air Force
Base, Fla.; attendance by invitation only; a SECRET clearance is required; contact Col. Asa P. Whitmire, Chief of
Data Processing Di\;'., Patrick Air Force Base, Fla. 32925
May 18-19, 1967: 10th Midwest Symposium on Circuit Theory,
Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.
Mar., 1967: Fifth Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and
Computer Science in the Life Sciences, Shamrock Hilton
Hotel, Houston, Texas; contact Office of the Dean, Division
of Continuing Education, the University of Texas Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, 102 Jesse Jones Library Bldg.,
Texa,s Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025
April 18-20, 1967: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Chalfontc-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, N.].; contact AFIPS
I-Iuqs., 211 East 43 St., New York, N.Y. 10017
May 9-11, 1967: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Convention Center, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact AFIPS Headquarters,
211 E. 43rd St., New York, N.Y. 10017
June 26-27, 1967: Computer Personnel Research Group Fifth
Annual Conference, University of Maryland, College Park,
Md. (near Washington, D.C.) ; contact Dr. Charles D. Lothridge, General Electric Co., 570 Lexington Ave., New York,
N.Y. 10022
June 28-30, 1967: 1967 Joint Automatic Control Conference,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Lewis

COMING

EVENTS

Winner, 152 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036
Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1967: AICA (International Association for
Analogue Computation) Fifth Congress, Lausanne, Switzerland; contact secretary of the Swiss Federation of Automatic
Control, Wasserwerkstrasse 53, CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
Aug. 29-31, 1967: 1967 ACM (Association for Computing
Machinery) National Conference, Twentieth Anniversary,
Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.; contact Thomas
Willette, P.O. Box 6, Annandale, Va. 22003
Sept. 11-15, 1967: 19§7 International Symposium on Information Theory, Athens, Greece; contact A. V. Balakrishnan,
Dept: of Engineering, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024
Nov. 14-16, 1967: Fall Joint Computer Conference, Anaheim
Convention Center, Anaheim, Calif.; contact AFIPS Headquarters, 211 E. 43rd St., New York, N. Y. 10017
May 21-23, 1968: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Sheraton
Park/Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D. C.; contact AFIPS
Headquarters, 211 E. 43rd St., New York, N. Y. 10017
Aug. 5-10, 1968: IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing) Congress 68, Edinburgh, Scotland; contact
John Fowlers & Partners, Ltd., Grand Buildings, Trafalgar
Square, London, W.C. 2., England
Sept. 25-28, 1967: International Symposium on Automation of
Population Register Systems, Jerusalem, Israel; Contact D.
Chevion, Chairman of Council, Information Processing Association of Israel, P.O.B. 3009, Jerusalem, Israel

AN IMPORTANT'ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT DISPLAYS . .. A REPRISE

If you saw our advertisements in past issues, you may recall that we have described
CRT displays for specific computers. IDI has probably sold displays for more different
computers than any other manufacturer ... including displays for the 160A, 250, 360,
425, 440, 490, 520, 1107, 1108, 7094, DDP24, DDPl16, DDP 2~4, PDP5, PDP8,
and Spectra 70.
And we take interface responsibility.
These are ''building block" systems. Various CRT packages, function generators, and
input devices can be economically combined to meet your exact requirements.

If you are concerned with computer-aided design, management information, simulationin short, with information display-write for data sheet 127-666. (We will send a
few others also).

II a] I

INFORMATION

DISPLAYS, INC.

102 E. SANDFORD BLVD .• MOUNT VERNON. N.Y. 10550.914 OWens 9-5515
Designate No. 14 on Readers Service Card

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 1966

69

Computer
Program Design
(Southern California)
HUGHES Guidance and Controls
Division has several openings for
qualified persons who have the
ability to create complex digital
computer programs-and the desire
to do the job thoroughly and efficiently. Satisfaction of current
commitments on such systems as:
PHOENIX, IRAM, VATE and ASG-18
requires experience in the design
of real-time command and control
programs, or of software programs
for execution on an IBM 7094 or
GE 635 computer.
Responsibilities include: specification, design, implementation, checkout and support of computer
programs for a wide variety of
applications including:
• Airborne Navigation & Fire
Control
• Digital Simulation of Airborne
Computer and its environment
• Automatic In-Flight & Depot
System Testing
• Assemblers & Compilers
• Automation of Electronic
Equipment Design
Requires: an accredited degree in
Engineering or Mathematics, a minimum of three years of professional
experience and U.S. citizenship.
Please airmail your resume to:
Mr. Robert A. Martin
Head of Employment
HUGHES Aerospace Divisions
11940 W. Jefferson Blvd.
Culver City 25, California

r------------------,

I

I

:L __________________
HUGHES:J
I

I

HUGHES AIRCRAFT

COMPANY

AEROSPACE DIVISIONS

WANTED -

FOR CASH

USED IBM DATA PROCESSING #1401 COMPUTER SYSTEMS & ACCOUNTING
MACHINES
SORTERS #101 108 082 084. KEY PUNCHES #024 026. TAPE TO
CARD #046 047 063. MAGNETIC CHARACTER & OPTIONAL SCORING
READERS #1412 1418 1419 1428, 1230 7765. COLLATORS #077 085
088. REPRODUCERS #514 519 523. TABULATORS #402 403 407. INTERPRETERS #548 552 557. CALCULATORS #602 632 604. NCR #3100
33-1488-10. BURROUGHS SENSIMATICS #F1501 F1503 F1506. TELLER
MACHINES #10-10-383. BRANDT COIN CHANGERS.
AOVISE EXACT MODEL & SERIAL NUMBERS FOR OUR QUOTATIONS.
WE WILL ALSO PURCHASE & LEASE BACK, YOUR OWNED OR LEASED
IBM EQUIPMENT. IF YOUR EQUIPMENT IS OWNED BY YOU, PLEASE FORWARD US A COpy OF YOUR RECENT IBM MAINTENANCE INVOICE. IF IT
IS ON LEASE FROM IBM, WE WOULD NEED A COpy OF YOUR LATEST
MONTHLY RENTAL INVOICE. WE WILL THEN SEND YOU OUR PRELIMINARY
PROPOSAL.

L. A. PEARL CO.

801 Second Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017
Phone: 212-679-6535

Designate No. 12 on Readers Service Card

ADVERTISING

INDEX

Following is the index of advertisements. Each item contains:
Name and address of the advertiser / page number where the
advertisement appears / name of agency if any.

American Telephone & Telegraph
Co., 195 Broadway, New York,
N. Y. 10007 I Page 2 I N. W.
Ayer & Son
Brandon Applied Systems, Inc.,
30 E. 42 St., New York, N. Y.
10017 I Page 68 I -Burroughs Corp., 6071 Second
Blvd., Detroit, Mich. I Page
72 I Campbell-Ewald Co.
Computron Inc., 122 Calvary St. ,
Waltham, Mass. 02154 I Page
4 I Larcom Randall Adv. Inc.
Digital Equipment Corp., 146
Main St., Maynard, Mass.
01754 I Page 3 I Kalb & Schneider Inc.
Forms, Inc., Willow Grove, Pa.
I Page 71 I Elkman Advertising
Co., Inc.
Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City,
Calif. I Page 70 I Foote, Cone
& Belding
International Business Machines
Corp., Data Processing Div. ,
White Plains, N. Y. I Page 67
I Marsteller Inc.
International Business Machines
Corp., Data Processing Div. ,
White Plains, N. Y. I Page 37
I Marsteller Inc.

International Data Corp., 355 Walnut St., Newtonville, Mass.
02160 I Page 13 I -Information Displays, Inc., 102
E. Sandford Blvd., Mt. Vernon,
N. Y. I Page 69 I George Taubert Agency
Lockheed Missiles & Space Co.,
P. O. Box 504, Sunnyvale, Calif.
I Page 66 I McCann-Erickson,
Inc.
National Cash Register Co., Main
& K Sts., Dayton, Ohio 45409 I
Page 6 I McCann-Erickson, Inc.
L. A. Pearl Co., 801 Second Ave. ,
New York, N. Y. 10017 I Page
70 I -Prestoseal Manufacturing Corp. ,
37 -12 108th St., Corona, N. Y.
I Page 63 I Spiegel & Laddin
Randolph Computer Corp., 200
Park Ave., New York, N. Y.
10017 I Page 61 I Albert A.
Kohler Co., Inc.
1eletype Corporation, 555 Touhy
Ave., Skokie, Ill. 60078 I
Pages 20, 21 I l' ensholt Advertising Inc.
Univac Div. of Sperry Rand Corp.
2750 W. 7th Blvd., St. 'Paul,
Minn. 55116 I Page 39 I Daniel
& Charles, Inc.

An equal opportunity employer - M & F

70

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for December, 19G()

Designate No. 2 on Readers Service Card

And 12 ot them are brand new. Now, average
access times of our 15 disk files range from 17 to
60 thousandths of a second. Capacities, from 1
million to hundreds of billions of characters.
Each features head-per-track all-electronic
accessing. At a cost per character that's agreeably
~w.
.
Yet anyone of these Burroughs diSl(?I:files is
only one of four good reasons why more bu!'inesses
are choosing Burroughs computers.
t

Here are three others:
1) Software that's proven. No ifs. No buts. No
maybes.
2) Self-managing operating system control.
3) The ability to multiprocess a variety of jobs
simultaneously - including combinations of
data communications and on-site work.
Shouldn't you investigate the best disk files
plus computer advantages like these?

1,1

Burroughs Corporation
Detroit, Michigan

48232

~

~

The 15 fastest, most powerful,
flexible, reliable random
access disk file SUU__ DM_

Designate No. 5 on Readers Service Card

..'
....:
i



---

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