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February, 1967 £!1~6 1921N* oaNVN~3~ VJ 3sor NVS NVS + 13~~VW .,0 1 0 I I., L., £ 921 J 3S S l VJlaOI~3d CD Testament to Compute r Age : Automated Bible Distribution COpy SAN JOSE PUBLIC LIS'RARV More than 1000 hours from d-c to 1.5 MHz Now try to get that through your head You can ... with a CEC Magnetic Recording Head. In fact, consid~,ring that these recording heads last up to five times longer than any others, the 1000 hour guarantee seems rather conservative. In virtually every case, a CEC head will surpass a thousand hours with little or no indication of wear. The reason: CE C recording heads are of a unique material and solid metal pole-tip design which completely eliminates the weakness of conventional lamination and rotary head designs. This has resulted in superior per- formance at frequencies to 2 MHz and a minimum of wear and cleaning. There is a CEC head for every analog and digital recorder. Whatever make or model recorder you may now be using, CEC has the head to make the most of it, irrespective of the interface parameters. The "family" consists of more than 100 diff~r ent recording heads, all with the same design advantages. Consequently, it is now possible to obtain state-of-the-art recording without replacing the basic instrument. How were we able to achieve this breakthrough in head design? Through experience. CEC has not only been making magnetic recording heads longer than anyone else, but was the first to produce them on a quantity basis. And - because CEC uses precision machine construction where others rely on hand assembly. For complete specifications and all the facts about this complete line of recording heads, call or write your nearest CEC field office. CEC/DATATAPE PRODUCTS BELL4HoWELL Designate No. 14 on Readers Service Card Pasadena, California 91109 "Can I ma"'; ,~,~,;, When buying a computer, the most i i')Or: a scientist asks is: "C?n I get it to do thE; j':') :er do the lob?" '}I'I , . In physics, in chemistry, in life and 83dh scienc;',,:, there have been more than 500 yesses for th? :)[-_": More yesses than for any other real-time, on-lin eral purpose computer for science. That should give you 'confidence. More than; ,(her .0 poscientIsts have written programs that wor: tential ities (and limitations) of the PDP-8 hE::(; been exhaustively explored. There is an acti\le and ir:terested community of investigators ready to ex,,,hange techniques, even programs. .eS PDP-8 the most immediately approachanputer you can buy. r'iC:!I"e are some other important questions - and Q: How much 7 A: $18,000 complete. Q: W:lsn available 7 A: 30 to 90 days. Q: How much SpS8u ? A: 1.5 /-Lsec. Q: How much memory? A: 4096 12 bit words. Q: Do I get a bear for added security? A: Only if requested. cilS'!,:efS: Send for your copy of our 540 page Small Computer Handbook and Primer. Free. COMPUTERS' MODULES DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, Maynard, Massachusetts Ol'lb4, Telephone: (617) 897--8821 • Cambridge, Mass, • New Haven. Washington, D. C.• ParSippany, N, J .• Rochester, N. Y,' Philadelphia. Huntsville. PittsblJrO h • Ch'cdgo • Denver· Ann Arbor. Houston. Los Angeles. Palo Alto. Seattle. Carleton Place and Toronto, ant. • Reading, England • Paris, Fran~e • Munich "nu Cologne, Germany • (;ydney and West Perth" Australia • Modules distributed also through Allied Radio Designate No. 7 on Readers Service Card You get more work out of a Burroughs 500 system because more of the computer gets into the work. That, in a nutshell, is how Burroughs 500 Systems solve two major problems of computer operation: throughput and system utilization. Their solution means a much higher ratio of performance to price-and a better return on your computer investment. 1. Throughput. In the past, the only way to increase throughput (the amount of work a computer system delivers in a given period of time) was to get a bigger, faster computer-at a sizeable increase in cost. The Burroughs way is to provide a better organized computer that can do more than one job at a time. This pacesetting computer capability, called multiprocessing, has been enjoyed by Burroughs customers for nearly three years. Thousand-job-a-day installations are not unusual. 2. System utilization. You pay for the whole computer system; but chances are you use only a portion of it most of the time. Your computer has to be big enough to handle your biggest job. Whenever a smaller job is running, much of the system is idle because the typical computer can do only one job at a time. The Burroughs method of multiprocessing combines these smaller jobs automatically, and runs as many of them together as the full size of your Burroughs computer will allow. No special programing or tricky operating procedures are required. It's all done by the computer itself, through its Master Control Program. There are now five Burroughs 500 Systems, ranging from the small B 2500 to the superscale B 8500. Perhaps one of them can improve your firm's computer operations and profitability. See your Burroughs representative, or write us at Detroit, Michigan 48232. Burroughs Corporation ~ Designate No. 5 on Readers Service Card 4 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 The front cover shows the American Bible Society using a computer to handle the problems of distributing each week more than one million copies of its publications. For more information, see page 45. FEBRUARY, 1967 Vol. 16, No.2 editor and publisher EDMUND C. BERKELEY associate publisher PATRICK J. MCGOVERN assistant editors MOSES M. BERLIN Special Feature.' Software, Programming, and Future Developments 18 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS COSTS 24 A "veteran's" understanding of programming development, inherent problems of third generation software, and prospects for the future. AN INTRODUCTION TO SORT TECHNIQUES 30 A survey of internal sort and merge techniques representing the more common procedures of current generalized sorts. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES CHARLENE J. HOFER LINDA LADD LOVETT NEIL D. MACDONALD 36 contributing editors JOHN BENNETT ANDREW D. BOOTH 40 DICK H. BRANDON by Edward Opengart by Jean E. Sammet Programming languages are characterized, classified for definition, contrasted with machine language, and discussed in terms of technical and nontechnical aspects. MULTI·PROGRAMMING: WHO NEEDS IT? by Brooke W. Boering An examination of the fundamentals of systems design and of return on costs, in the light of the advent of multi'programming and current changes in equipment, prices and capacities. THE CASE FOR COBOL by s. M. Bernard A realistic evaluation of the language as a whole a·nd an analysis of those elements which are built into it for its. effective use. JOHN W. CARR, III NED CHAPIN 111, Every Issue ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER across the editor's desk PETER KUGEL ROD E. PACKER by Carl H. Reynolds 43 COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER editorial 7 advisory committee T. E. CHEATHAM, JR. JAMES J. CRYAN RICHARD W. HAMMING 6 22 ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER u. S. Banks Have $837 Million Worth of Computers in Use: Market Expanding at 20% Per Year world report - HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR. VICTOR PASCHKIS Computer-Assisted Explanation in Programming capital report by Senfer w. stuart market report 54 Great Britail1, by Ted Schoeters multi-access forum art director RAY W. HASS fulfilment manager WILLIAM J. MCMILLAN, 815 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160, 617-DEcatur 2-5453 advertising representatives New York 10018, BERNARD LANE 31 West 39 St., 212-BRyant 9-1281 Chicago 60611, COLE, MASON AND DEMING 737 N. Michigan Ave., 312-SU 7-6558 Los Angeles 90005, WENTWORTH F. GREEN 300 S. Kenmore Ave., 213-DUnkirk 7-8135 .~.'_ 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 42 All-Out Pursuit of Economic Growth to Create Jobs, by Thomas J. Watson, Jr. Software Gap - A Growing Crisis for Computers How Small Can We Make a Book? IMPORTA1'-JT NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS IN Project Hindsight, by Philip H. Abelson THE UNITED STATES: Please look at your C&A Problem Corner address label on this copy. IF YOUR ZIP CODE IS MISSING OR IS INCORRECT, Honey from Numbers - Comments please (l) attach your label to a reply Subscription Fulfillment - Comments card from this magazine, (2) write on the IEEE Computer Conference - Call for Papers card your correct zip code, and (3) mail C of P = City of Prescott, by Donald E. Wilson the postage paid reply card to us at once. Please note that your zip code lost Subscriber Search Operation, by Roger H. Geeslin must be for your street address or 765 and 567, by William E. Roberts your post office box, whichever appears Correction on your label. Time-Shared Computer Access - C&A Contest Winner Zero-Un Informatique, by Pierre-Jean Refregier Mas de 1000 Areas de Utilizacion de Los Computadores Electronicos, by G. L. Forgnani The Second Industrial Revolution reference information San Francisco 94105, A. S. BABCOCK 60S Market St., 415-YUkon 2-3954 29 58 60 Elsewhere, THE PUBLISHER 815 Washington St., 617-DEcatur 2-5453 Newtonville, Mass. 02160 62 62 Calendar cif Coming Events Computer Census New Patents, by Raymond R. Skolnick index of notices Advertising Index Classified Advertising CdMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT B15 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. PRINTED IN U.S.A. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: UNITED :~): STATES, $15.00 FOR 1 YEAR, $29.00 FOR 2 YEARS, INCLUDING THE JUNE DIRECTORY ISSUE; CANADA, ADD SOc A YEAR FOR POSTAGE; FOREIGN, ADD $3.50 A YEAR FOR POSTAGE. ADDRESS ALL -.",-;". EDITORIAL AND SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS., 02160. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT BOSTON, MASS. POSTMASTER: PLEASE SEND ALL FORMS 3579 TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160. © COPYRIGHT, 1967, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: IF YOUR ADDRESS CHANG~S, PLEASE SEND US BOTH YOUR NEW ADDRESS AND YOUR OLD ADDRESS (AS IT APPEARS ON THE MAGAZINE ADDRESS IMPRINT), AND ALLOW THREE WEEKS FOR THE CHANGE TO BE MADE. COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION, FOR FEBRUARY, 1967 5 c&a CAPITAL REPORT The first section of the Post Office Department's sourcedata collection system, originally announced as a $22 million project and now estimated at $33.5 million, will start operating this month, according to Lawrence F. O'Brien, the Postmaster General. The Eastern seaboard section of the system is scheduled to go on the air as the first operational phase, and includes New York and the New England states. The system will be used to collect data on post office operations and management functions, and should measurably speed mail service by.. freezing manpower which can be used clsewhe·re. Four cities are in the first trial-run network, and four more are three-quarters along the way to tie-in. O'Brien estimates that the system will pay for itself in approximately three years by saving man-hours now required for employee time reporting, part-time hiring, and reports on mail flow through the postal system. Manual preparation of thousands of reporting forms will also be eliminated when the new system is fully operational, said O'Brien; he considers the main valuable aspect to be in irnproved management by one of th,~ government's largest employers. The pre-Christmas pile-up and delay of tons of third and fourth class mail in the Northeast has speeded up P.O.'s ADP effort. St. Louis and Paramus, N.J., each with a CDC 3300, will eventually be linked with' batteries of 1205's. Paramus, Rochester, Syracuse, Albany (N.Y.), and Springfield (Mass.), are scheduled to go on the air first. The U.S. Army Combat Developments Command has let a contract to Technical Operations Research, Inc., for a $2.3 million project involving war gaming, weapons evaluation, material requirements, cost/ effectiveness, field testing, and logistics. The work will be carried out at Fort Belvoir, Va., by their Systems Sciences Division headquartered in Arlington, Va. The initial contract funds 1967 effort on the work, scheduled to take 5 years to complete, by their Combat Operations Research Group. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, long a user of punch card equipment, is putting two IBM 360/40's on the air this month in a year's pilot operation of a National Crime Information Center. It is scheduled to begin operations with 15 cooperating law enforcement agencies feeding information into, and getting replies out of, the central tandem 360's in their Washington headquarters. One 360/40 processes administrative work and serves as a back-up. Currently, teletypes linked directly into the central processor and random-access files, will carry coded requests for interrogation, update, and purge of data for stolen cars and guns, wanted criminals, etc. Uniform codes have been developed with common formats to aid inexperienced remote users. The agency, in step with industry public relations practices, has announced that it is considering the use of satellites when that becomes practical. First trials will use standard teletypes operating at 100 \\'ords per minute. Future plans call for transmitting and receiving video images of faces, fingerprints, and other visual data, with perhaps video receivers mounted in patrol cars. The trial network and operating system have been designed by the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences and Aeronomy in the Department of Commerce under a grant from the Office of Law Enforcement Assistance. 6 J. Edgar Hoover, still head of the FBI though now over 70, states that, " ... the FBI has made certain that its computers are able to interface, or be compatible with,' equip-ment produced by any major manufacturers . . . and that local police agencies can select any equipment they desire ... " The FBI is also funding research on automatic classification and translation into machine language, of fingerprint data, using scanning devices. To allay fears of invasion of privacy, which have been the subject of considerable recent controversy between Hoover and Robert Kennedy, he states that the system, " . . . means many things, all of them good ... with no intrusion whatsoever upon the right to privacy . . . with a guarantee of the security of information in its files against access or removai by unauthorized persons." How these guarantees can be met and accuracy maintained with input and output from, " . . . local officers . . . within ... even the smallest police departments ... " is open to some question. The ultimate effect in deterring crime is however likely to be beneficial. The government's ban on shipment of large scientific computers to France has been lifted, and two CDC 6600's have been ordered, with one already shipped to the French Power Bureau, and another on order for S.I.A., a French service bureau. The Department of Commerce, which controls exports of certain material to foreign countries, had previously banned shipment of the large-scale scientific hardware by U.S. firms. Although reasons for denial are rarely given, it was widely believed that the ban centered around France's possible use of the scientific machines to develop atomic weapons, which the U.S. hoped to slow. In a related move, Bull-General Electric, G. E.'s French affiliate, discontinued the Gamma 140 and 145, eliminated about 200 jobs connected with their production, and cut back work weeks from 45 to 420 hours. IBM, American Telephone and Telegraph, ITT World Communications, Xerox, Honeywell, Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association, Informatics, Bunker-Ramo, and Western Union were among more than 20 organizations who responded to the call by the Federal Communications Commission for comments and opinions on rate structures and quality of service, connected with data communications associated with computing facilities. The FCC restated its promise, made last month, that it will proceed swiftly with the investigation. It hopes to identify items for the inquiry agenda within a short time so that it can determine if regulation of computing/ communication links is necessary. Senter Stuart Washington, D.C. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 c&a EDITORIAL Computer-Assisted Explanation The special feature of this issue of "Computers and Automation" is "Programming, Software, and Future Developments." In this area, we can notice a great change happening in the computer field: The barrier to progress nowadays is not so much the limited capacity of the equipment as it is the limited capacity of the programming. In other words, to make powerful computers is now much easier than to make full use of the powers of computers. We have acquired a sorcerer's machine: how are we as apprentices to use it well? This problem is reflected in several facts: • Often a third and sometimes half or more of the money spent for a computer installation is spent on programming and programmers. • Persons to understand problems and systems and to program them for computers are far fewer than needed. What is the way out? One important avenue for progress in understanding of programming is better explanation than exists nowadays of programming and related information. This is explanation that would enable a person to learn and understand in, say, half the time that he previously would have needed. Even though problem-oriented languages like FORTRAN or COBOL are available, still much of the time we have to use assembly language to achieve essential speed and versatility. We can't for long tolerate an inefficiency factor of 10, or 5, or even 3, for many classes of problems. We greatly need good explanation and much more understanding of the principles of programming in assembly language and many related subjects. What is good explanation of programming? According to the dictionary, to explain is to make plain or clear, to render intelligible. In other words, to explain an idea means to express that idea in terms of other ideas; it means expressing a strange idea in familiar relations to familiar ideas. For example, what is LISP? J:xplanation 1: LISP is a problem-oriented machine-independent computer-programming language particularly adapted to handling symbolic expressions. But for you, the reader, to be satisfied with this, you need to understand already: problem-oriented; machine-independent; computer-programming language; symbolic expression. If you do not know the meaning of even one of these terms, you are thwarted. Also, you have to be satisfied with not understanding why the word "LISP" was chosen. (In fact, the mystique of "LISP" stimulates people at one time-shared computer system to put into their time-shared supervisor when you call LISP: "LITHP IS LITHTENING.") Let's try again. Explanation 2: LISP is a language in which you can quite easily write programs for computers; it is well adapted to expressing COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 • In Programming the conditions that occur in many kinds of problems; it is independent of any particular computing machine; it is able to handle letters, digits, numbers, words, statements, commands, tables, lists, and many other items, i.e. expressions composed of symbols of almost any kind. The name "LISP" comes from the first three letters of "LIST" and the first le.tter of "PROCESSING." As a programming language, it was worked out in 1958-60 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and several other computer scientists. Which of these two explanations is more satisfactory? The second one. Why? Essentially, because it fulfils more of the needs of a broader audience. I t conforms better with the maxim: Never underestimate a man's intelligence; never overestimate his information. In fact, I often refer to a list of 35 common properties and relations which an explanation should be checked against. If you would like a copy of this list, designate 1 on the Readers Service Card. When an explanation is successful, the explainee fully understands. What is understanding? Most of the definitions given In the dictionary for "understanding" do not convey an operational meaning: they are synonyms like "grasping," "comprehending," etc. But among the definitions, we do find one which has an operational meaning: understanding is "the power to distinguish truth from falsehood and to adapt means to ends." N ow the understanding of programming can be demonstrated on a computer. To demonstrate that a programming explanation is good, has produced understanding, we can look to see if the person trying to understand it can do something that he was not able to do before. If you "understand," then your program runs; if you don't "understand," your program does not run. In producing the understanding of programming and related subjects, (1) really good explanation of programming step by step, plus (2) direct access to a computer for experimenting and learning, can become seven league boots. The computer as a teacher has many powers and virtues. The computer can act as a device which gives explanations, offers examples, presents problems, suggests hints, and verifies understanding. The computer is infinitely patient, yet completely intolerant of errors; and it can be programmed to be courteous and friendly! Once in a while a human being will be needed of COUlse in order to answer the questions that the computer is deaf to or stupid about. But most of the time the computer, properly programmed to explain well, can be your explainer, your instructor, your solution-checker, and your expert in making clear how to program and produce software - and perhaps even, eventually, your guide, philosopher, and friend. ~ EDITOR 7 The Bryant Series XLO-1000 Controller This is a plug for our new . Designate No. 4 8 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 Imagine. A Bryant memory system that plugs into almost any computer made. Just like that. What's more, you can specify a software package consisting of both handler and maintenance routines. We'll even code the routines in your own machine language. The controller can work in several different modes-serial or parallel-with word transfer rates from 50 microseconds per word to 900 nanoseconds per word. It can also tr'ansfer information to and from two computers. Capacity is from one to 500 million characters with up to eight new Bryant Auto-Lift Drums. Or, if you prefer, disc files can be used. These new plug-in memory systems are already in BRYANT use in military, commercial and industrial applications. COMPUTER PRODUCTS Call your local Bryant Representative or write Bryant ~:~~:-- ~l Computer Products, 850 Ladd Rd., Walled Lake, Michigan 48088. We'll make a Bryant Believer out of you, too. EX-CELL-O CORPORATION tlMaintenance and Modification 1401 Autocoder Installation For each program in the system, two units of time are each spent for general blocking, detailed blocking and coding. At this point initial debug time is started and will of course be overlapped with other programming being done. I t does however continue for a considerable time (even after conversion) and will never be done until all program legs (including modifications and patches) are completely tested. S. M. Bernard is a B.S. from Rutgers University (1960, Economics) and an M.B.A. from Fairleigh Dickinson University (1964, Business Management). He was an instructor in data processing at Fairleigh Dickinson University. Mr. Bernard, who has been a Systems Engineer with the New Jersey Manufacturing Office of IBM since 1961, has installed eighteen data processing systems including 360's. He has written several articles and lectured often on subjects pertaining to System/360, COBOL, and direct access devices. He is currently preparing a COBOL Programmers Guide soon to be published. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 Maintenance time will vary considerably but can take a significant amount of time, and, on a given program, may continue indefinitely. Using COBOL as an Improved Autocoder Now, let us assume that this application were to be done in COBOL by one who concluded that COBOL was a panacea - a li:mguage that would allow us to achieve the same goals in basically the same way, but in a shorter period of time. Our bar chart might look something like To do this, howevp.r, we must be certain that our files are completely designed, coded with standard, non-conflicting names, and put in the source library prior to program coding. This means that an additional investment is required in the planning and design phase to improve the quality of the remainder of the effort. Similar benefits can accrue from source statement subroutines which can be coded once and placed in the library for common use. This, too, requires a one-time investment in the initial planning stages. Obiect Library Facilities Figure 2. Note that there are significant changes in certain areas and no change in others. System design would remain unchanged, as would general and detailed block It Conversion date Time for each Program Overall Time ----'~.L,----,--I-1--1-1-1-1~i ---'---1.' L I- - , - ' System Design & Planning Figure 2. The ideal way to write a program is to break it down into a series of independent modules or subprograms. If these modules can be separately compiled modules, the benefits which accrue are immediately obvious: Gener~1 Detailed Block Block Code Debug: _____________ l-LL .. ~ u.L __ ..... LLJ .. _U .. ~ : Maintenance and ; Modification System!360 DOS COBOL used as if it were an improved 1401 Autocoder time. Coding time would increase slightly due to the wordiness of COBOL - especially in the Data Division of the program. But, because of its self-documentation and machine i'ndependence, debugging and maintenance time would decrease. Total time for implementation would be about the same but the critical areas would be cut down: modification and maintenance would improve, debugging someone else's program would be far easier, careless errors would be reduced, communication with nonprogrammers would improve, and machine-to-machine compatibility would increase. The cost for these benefits would be increased coding time and perhaps less efficient programs (more core, slower execution). • Programs can be tested prior to all modules being written. • Work can be divided among programmers easily. • Routines that can be handled better in other languages can be written in other than COBOL. • Compilation time decreases. • Maintenance on a given module can be done indepen. dently of unaffected modules. COBOL gives this facility via "CALL'S" and linkage handling. Consider the feasibility of writing a payroll program with certain state taxes as independent modules, or of writing a common module to handle a specific I/O device such as the printer (counting lines, inserting headings, putting printer output on disk for later 'spooling', etc.), or a subprogram for table look ups or for other commonly used functions. Savings could be significant, and will be if an a,pplication is planned well. Debugging Features Using COB.OL as COBOL Prior to describing how these relative times can be dramatically altered, I must expand a point which was made before: that System/360 DOS COBOL contains items vital to effective COBOL use. (It is true that many other compilers may have some or all of these features, as well as some additional and very useful ones not described herein.) These items must be described and understood prior to a discussion on how COBOL should be used. Vital Elements of a COBOL Compiler-Source Library Facilities It is true that COBOL requires lengthy record descriptions. I t is also true that the same files and work areas are used from program to program. If the record descriptions can be coded once and placed in a source statement library, then all each programmer would have to do in a given program would be to code single statements that would copy selected descriptions from the library. Any programmer could use any standard record description by using a single 'COPY' statement that would retrieve the entire lengthy description from the library. Since the Data Division of a COBOL program can take from 30 per cent to 75 per cent of the total coding time, this will result in considerable coding time saved. It will also reduce maintenance time drastically. File changes, stich as new fields, or making a field larger, or making one longer requires only that the source library be modified and existillg programs be recompiled. No program changes need he lIlade. We can therefore reduce coding time, debuggillg tillle and maintenance time and improve standardizat iOIl alld documentation by using source library facilities. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 To cut down debugging time, it is mandatory that there be COBOL words for that function. You cannot have source-language debugging without these facilities. Programmers who debug COBOL programs with object code dumps might be better advised to use an assembly language. Debugging a program consists of two phases: getting a successful compilation; and getting successful executions. The first task is aided by the COBOL compiler; the second by COBOL debug words. It is my opinion that no DOS COBOL program should be submitted for its first test without a "READY TRACE" instruction at the beginning of the procedure division. This debugging aid, which prints each paragraph name as that paragraph is executed, can help cut debugging time down to almost nothing. Similar benefits are realized from other COBOL words (EXHIBIT, ON COUNT, DISPLAY) which help to relegate debug time to a minor portion of the installation cycle. Anyone who discusses COBOL without an appreciation for its debugging words is obviously not doing justice to the language. Powerful Words All COBOL compilers have powerful words, but they are useless until applied to an application. Coders with previous programming experience will often code down to an unnecessary level of detail. Too often one. may write: MOVE FLDI to FLD2 ADD IOTa FLD2 MULTIPLY FLD2 BY 13.5 SUBTRACT FLDI FROM FLD2 41 Instead of: COMPUTE FLD2 FLD1 = ( + (FLD1 10) * 13.5)- Similarly, programmers may shy away from GO TO DEPENDING 88 CONDITIONALS, TRANSFORM and many other w~rds which could be used very effectively in certain situations. To use COBOL well, one must understand when they should be used as well as why. Coding COBOL Effectively One must also realize that program structure in COBOL is most important. Certain rules should be followed in COBOL as in any other language. It is a good idea to take time during the planning stages to develop guide-lines and to make certain that all programmers are aware of these rules and how to apply them. The lise of the PERFORM should be very carefully analyzed. This word allows you to. divide a given pro~ram into a mainline and a series of independent sub-routmes. Yet, experienced coders too often use GO TO where PERFORM might better have been used. This is because they are accustomed to "branching" in previous languages. This is not a minor point. A complete understanding of IF statements in conjunction with PERFORM will reduce block diagramming time. It should eliminate detailed blocks completely. It will also cut down debugging· time by allowing the COBOL compiler to generate "Branch" and "Return" instructions as opposed to the programmer being responsible for these functions. Well-written programs will obviously take less time to debug or to modify; they will also be self-documenting. Additional Considerations Other rules should be developed by the installation to help realize these goals. Standard techniques for naming fields and paragraphs should be devised so that all can understand them. Coders who "GO TO POj3A04" are obviously not documenting their program as well as those who "GO TO 17-COMPUTE-FICA." Spacing and numbering of statements should also be in accordance with predetermined rules. Debug. Because of structured programs, COBOL selfdocumentation, DEBUG words, and the like, debugging time should be drastically reduced. Source-level debugging is a reality. Maintenance and Modification. Everything described above lends itself to improved maintenance facilities. Documentation, source library usage, structured programs, CALLed and PERFORMed independent modules, source debugging, installation standards, and the rest provide an excellent base which will facilitate future changes - even by persons other than the original programmer. Conclusion It is unfair to conclude without mentioning that there are, as in any languages, disadvantages in Systemj360 DOS COBOL. Certain things cannot be done easily or efficiently - such as subscripting, manipulating bits, accessing machine addresses, sign handling, clearing large areas, handling interrupts, etc. Other things that can be done require too many words, or excessively long words. Nor can I propose that it be the only language to be considered. by a given user. RPG, assembly language, and PLjl on thIS particular system should be used where they achieve a given goal more satisfactorily. But what is important is a realistic evaluation of the language as a whole and of those elements which are built into it for us to use. All the things described in this article have been implemented in other languages, at least in certain installations, but here is one high-level language with many features integrated in it, that, if used appropriately, can provide significant assistance to any commercial computer users in the areas that in the past have caused the bulk of implementation problems. THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Apply These Concepts Now let us assume that an installation utilized COBOL as described above; how will their implementation cycle change and why? Their cycle should look like Figure 3 . ., Conversion Date Overall Time Time for Each Program Conversion Date I Systems Design and Planning General Code Block I DeL~ - - - -- - - - - L.J. __ t---- _U_ - ~ -1- - LJ ___ . U __ ~ Maintenance and Modification Figure 3. Using COBOL as COBOL Systems Design. This time will increase due to additional efforts required for standardizing, for setting up file descriptions, for developing guidelines, etc. . Block Diagramming. Only General Block DIagrams need be done. There should only be a series of Block Diagrams each describing a module (main-line, PERFORMed subroutine, or CALLed sub-program) Detailed Block. Unnecessary if those who do the general block understand COBOL. Coding. Coding will decrease slightly due to the use of source libraries, standard naming, powerful COBOL words, and well-structured programs. 42 IIYour suggestion on how to weld our gas pipes automatically was brilliant, Jackson. And I wish you luck on finding another job. 1I COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 19(j7 ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK Computing and Data Processing Newsletter ( TABLE OF CONTENTS Applications. New Contracts New Installations . Organization News Computing Centers . 43 46 46 47 48 Education News . New Products . Automation Business News Computer Census. 48 49 53 53 58 APPLICATIONS STATE OF IOWA HAS STATUTE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM The Iowa Legislative Research committee has announced details of an electronic statute retrieval system that puts the research power of a computer at the fingertips of the state's 61 senators and 124 representatives. Sen. John P. Kibbie, D-Emmetsburg, chairman of the bipartisan joint committee, said, "The 2988 pages of state laws and the 30 pages of the Iowa Constitution have been indexed and electronically stored in an IBM computer. Any section pertinent to pending legislation now may be called out merely by coding in key words. The computer searches the law and prints out, at the rate of one typewritten page per second, those sections dealing with the subject under consideration." When the General Assembly convened January 9th (less than a year from the start of the project), any lawmaker, committee, agency or state university had access to the working system. Key item in the law retrieval system is an IBM System/360 Model 40. Gene Reyhons, Legislative Research Bureau director, said: "In addition to tremendous time savings, the new computer is completely accurate in its reporting for the Legislature if the system is used properly." The new system frees researchers from laborious, manual searching. "Our staff members will devote their time to more demanding tasks, such as preparing and sharpening questions to be put to the System/360," Mr. Reyhons said. "The appropriateness of the answers is directly related to the degree of accuracy and explicitness of the question. "We have a 250-page index of words and phrases," Mr. Reyhons said. "From it we can locate those sections of the law and the constitution pertaining to the question at hand. The system requires no knowledge of computers, but our researchers must be familiar with the law and with traditional search teChniques." For example, he said, a lawmaker asking for Iowa statutes concerning fences will receive, overnight, printed sections of the law containing the words "fence," "enClosures," and related terms. The computer is under the auspices of State Comptroller Marvin R. Selden, Jr. and will be used for many tasks in addition to statute searching. "Our centralized data processing services are used by 36 agencies of state government," he said •••• "We add more applications every year as we continue centralizing State of Iowa data"processing activities." PAN AMERICAN'S NEW AIR FREIGHT TERMINAL The largest and most sophisticated air freight terminal in the world, costing in excess of $8.5 million, has been opened by Pan American World Airways at New York's Kennedy International Airport. The terminal, a culmination of over five years planning and COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 two years in construction, will permit Pan Am to handle cargo vol~ ume projected at nine times the airline's current volume in ten years. This new facility utilizes a computer system in conjunction with a network of three automated mechanical cargo handling systems. The cargo terminal is geared for both export and import freight, capable of moving cargo direct from truckside on pallets or containers into 90,000 pound capacity Pan Am jet freighters. With two jet freighters positioned at docks extending from the building, the system provides for simultaneous loading or unloading of each aircraft. Both jet freighters can be unloaded in 20 minutes -- involving a movement of 45 tons for each aircraft. The cargo terminal provides 22 complete enclosed truck delivery and pickup docks. The cargo system was designed by Abbott, Merkt & Co., New York, to process more than ten times the amount of cargo the airline could in its old Kennedy freight terminal. Heart of the cargo handling system is a package conveyor arrangement, an automatic'tow cart network, and an AirPak pallet system. Nerve center for the terminal is the airline's multi-million dollar computer system, located in the Pan Am Building. Backbone of the system is an IBM 7080 computer and an IBM 7750 programmed transmission control unit. This equipment is linked by high speed telephone lines to two Bunker Ramo control units at Newsletter the cargo terminal. The Bunker Ramo control units in turn are connected to some 26 input/output sets (also manufactured by Bunker Ramo) which are strategically placed throughout the terminal. U. S. Bureau of Public Roads, in cooperation with city, county and state agencies. The traffic surveillance system in Detroit involves a 3.2 mile portion of the John C. Lodge Freeway. It employs a Control Data computer system and closed-circuit television for visual monitoring and regulation of traffic. Electronic sensors located out on the expressway report the movements of Vehicles on the freeway to the computer. Using this information, the computer then calculates the volume of traffic passing specific points every minute, the percentage of pavement occupied, and the actual speed of vehicles as opposed to the posted speed limits. Primary aim of the computer/ handling system network is to speed the flow of freight through the terminal by providing instant readout of freight inventory, handling of reservations, and simplifying the dispatch and tracing of cargo movements. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF VIRGINIA COMPUTER TO PRINT LIBRARY CATALOG, INDEX FOR DOCTORS The Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va., has begun using an IBM 1410 computer to index its 80,000 library books and ultimately plans to put the index into the hands of the state's doctors. The computer is being used to produce library catalog cards, and by reclassifying the same information into page form, also to produce a publishable book catalog. The computer-aided recataloging of the library, which is still in the pilot project stage, is using subject headings designated by the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Md., to meet the needs of the medical profession. The first step in the recataloging of a volume begins at the library where Mrs. Louise Bryson, project supervisor for computer cataloging, determines the information to be entered on each card, appropriate coding, and required cross-reference headings. The library information is punched into cards at the computer center. The punched card system simplifies updating or correcting single lines or entire entries. The computer sequences the information and automatically orders printing of additional cards according to the coded variety of subject headings entered for each volume. The index cards, giving the titles, subjects and call numbers of the books in the Tompkins-McCaw library, feed out of the computer's high-speed printer -- as fast as 40 a minute. The cards have been especially die-cut to fit standard library catalog drawers and travel through the printer in streamers, carried along on perforated tracks that are stripped off afterward. 44 -- A high-speed printer directed by an IBM 1410 computer produces streamers of index cards for the Thompkins-McCaw library The computer also provides an abridged listing without crossreference subject headings as the format for a publishable book catalog. The fi rs t index has been pu blished and circulated to the staff of the Medical College of Virginia. "This book catalog simplifies the search for information by the staff outside the library," said Mrs. June Lea,th Huntley, li brary director. "We decided to recatalog according to the latest standards, and began work in May 1966. We hoped then we could simultaneously produce a card and book catalog, and thus far the system has demonstrated it can." CONTROL DATA COMPUTERS REGULATE 'TRAFFIC IN DETROIT EXPRESSWAY TESTS R. D. Schmidt, vice president of sales for Control Data Corporation, has announced that one of his firm's electronic computers is being used to regulate traffic on test sections of a Detroit (Mich.) expressway. The equipment is being studied as part of a national program designed to develop new methods of easing metropolitan traffic problems. The Detroit tests are being partially sponsored by the Armed with this information and visual checks, via TV, of the changing traffic picture, the system's human operator can regulate freeway traffic with electronically controlled signs. These signs alert motorists to changes in minimum and maximum speed limits, and indicate open and closed lanes. For example, 'lane closed' signs divert traffic into other lanes long before it reaches the congested area. If the freeway is loaded beyond its capacity or an emergency situation exists at a certain point, the human operator at the system's controls pushes a button to activate 'ramp closed' signs. Byobeying the signs, motorists, in effect, regulate themselves and restore the freeway system to maximum efficiency. The control center which houses the computer for the Detroit experiment has become an important source of information for the city's Traffic Central. One of Traffic Central's function is providing radio stations in the area with current information on freeway conditions. The control center also maintains a direct line to the Freeway Patrol Division of the Detroit Police Department. Data collected by the computer system in Detroit will be used in continuing traffic engineering studies. These studies are aimed at developing an automated traffic control system, in which the computer will directly control the traffic signals. Proponents of computer-controlled traffic systems predict such equipment will provide new levels of speed, service and safety for metropolitan motorists. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 • Newsletter COMPUTER-AIDED BIBLE DISTRIBUTION The American Bible Society, New York, has an IBM System/360 at its headquarters to handle the complex logistical problems involved in speeding millions of Bibles to people throughout the world. The Society is the world's largest publisher and distributor of Bibles, Testaments and portions of Scripture -- 75-million copies to 150 countries in 1966. The computer will keep track of the more than one-million copies of the Scriptures which are mailed out each week from the Society's World Distribution Center in Wayne, N.J. CHRYSLER CORPORATION'S DYNAMIC INVENTORY ANALYSIS SYSTEM (DIAS) Chrysler Corporation (Detroit, Mich.) has unveiled an instant information computer network which supplies up-to-the-minute inventory and shipment data on any of more than 13,500 parts used in its 1967 passenger cars. The new system, ~alled Dynamic Inventory AnalYSIS System or DIAS, is linked to 77 independent suppliers, 26 Chrysler parts manufacturing plants and the company's seven car assembly plants with the nerve center at the Car Assembly Group headquarters in the Hamtramck (Mich.) Assembly Plant. The plants linked into the computerized network are located in 18 states and the Province of Ontario Canada. "We now have the means to obtain information in a fraction of a second on how many parts are on hand at key supplier plants and in each of our assembly plants, how many are on the road in shipment and to which plant they are being shipped," said Joseph F. Kerigan, Chrysler Corp. vice president and group executive - Car Assembly Group. "We believe thi sis the world's largest tele-processing network for gathering and disseminating commercial-manufacturing information." The total supply of Bibles and selections from the Bible at the Wayne warehouse is maintained at about 27-million. At least one entire Book of the Bible has been published in 1250 languages and dialects, in Braille (in 50 languages) and on records. American Bible Society publications also are available in many forms -- from the standard King James Version of the Bible to modern translation of the Scriptures featuring contemporary photographs, of the Holy Land. When the stock-level of any version in any language has dropped below a certain point, the System/360 Model 30 automatically will notify the Society's management and will handle all administrative details such as the preparation of invoices, packing slips and shipping labels. Everett Smith, president of the American Bible Society, said that the use of a computer to help distribute one of man's oldest and most venerated books represents the Society's drive to make the Bible as accessible and meaningful as possible to today's generation. The nerve center of the DIAS network is an IBM 360 computer that has the capability to simultaneously receive 31 input data transmissions over regular telephone lines. A key part of the computer control is an electronic data bank that can receive input data at more than 156,000 characters per second and has a memory core that can store 100 million characters to call upon for its decisions. In describing the operation, John J. DiCicco, manager of operations analysis and development staff for Chrysler's Car Assembly Group, said the computer system is so fast that it often starts transmitting the answer to a query back to the operator at the very instant the operator has finished transmitting the query to the nerve center. DiCicco pointed out the ease and simplicity with which a supplier can tie into the network. The system permits the supplier to use normal business methods of recording production and transmitting punched card information over normal telephone lines to the Chrysler computer. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 DIAS is so well disciplined that it can detect its own errors or malfunctions such as the breakdown of one of its tele-processing units. It can scan all information for accuracy as it is being received and locate errors such as wrong part numbers, invalid supplier codes or even typing errors. The system will respond with a printed notation of the error and ask the supplier to review his input data for correctness. COMPUTERS AID IN SEARCH FOR MALARIA CURE New forms of drug-defying malaria, the ancient disease once thought conquered by wonder drugs, is again taking its toll at an alarming rate in Southeast Asian battle zones. Today, however, doctors and chemists have a new and powerful ally in their search for a more effective cure for the newly developed strains of malaria. Researchers at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in the nation's Capitol are using computers to probe the effects of over 100,000 organic chemical compounds in such areas as malaria, radiology and schistosomiasis. Using a Compound Structure File, a computerized informationretrieval system developed by The Service Bureau Corporation (SBC), researchers can query their computers about relationships between complex chemical compounds. To assist them, the computer's answers are printed in a chemical typeface -- the geometric shapes which represent recognizable chemical structures to doctors and chemists. With the SBC file, a researcher who is having some success with a particular compound can check the computer for a complete listing of all chemical compounds which use that particular structure in their chemical makeup. Using the SBC file, a researcher could pinpoint compounds which may be more effective as drugs, or which may not have undesirable side effects. Meanwhile, Walter Reed has some 300 commercial and hospital laboratories forwarding the results of various drug experimentations to them. From this data, SBC continuously updates the computer's master files. Newsletter NEW CONTRACTS French Navy, France Sperry Rand Corp.'s UNIVAC Defense Systems Division Lockheed-Georgia Co., Marietta, Ga. Northrop Corp., Palos Verdes Peninsula, Calif. Bell Telephone Laboratories Ampex Corp., Redwood City, Calif. General Electric, Computer Equipment Dept., Phoenix, Ariz. Data Products Corp., Culver Ci ty, Calif. A. B. Scania-Vabis, Sodertalje. Sweden Flying Tiger Line, Los Angeles. Calif. Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, Calif. Westinghouse Electric Industrial Systems Scandinavia A.B. Link Group, General Precision Inc .• Binghamton. N.Y. Computer Division, ElectroMechanical Research, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Navy Purchasing Office, Washington, D.C. Goodyear Aerospace Corp. Louis Breguet Aviation Manufacturing Corp., Breguet Research Laboratories, VeliziVillacoubly (near Paris) France The Bunker-Ramo Corp., Canoga 'Park, Calif. Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Electronic Associates, Inc., West Long Branch, N.J, Chemical Abstract Service, Columbus, Ohio Mohawk Data Sciences Corp., Herkimer, N,Y, Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, N.Y, Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Sylvania Electronic Systems, Waltham, Mass, The Service Bureau Corp,(SBC), Los Angeles, Calif. Telecredit, Inc" Calif. Los Angeles, University of Illinois, Dept. of Computer Science Fabri-Tek Inc., Minneapolis, Minn, Shipboard computing equipment: some already delivered feature UNIVAC 1206 computer; new system on order designated "B-2" by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization features the UNIVAC CP-642B computer Sixty-seven airborne computers for the U. S. Air Force C-5A military transport airplanes Development of a videotape system to be used to store and retrieve maintenance data for the NIKE-X Weapons System Linear positioning actuators to be used on the DSU-200 disc type random access memory storage system in production by GE Design and installation of fully automated. computer-controlled warehouse A DC-8 digital flight simulator Fifteen computer systems including EMR ADVANCE 6020 and 6040 computers which will be used in Lockheed system for checkout of the Poseidon missile The fabrication of a Remote Query Display System which will interface with an existing 1410 data processing system SEL 840A general purpose computer which will be used in Device 2H87, Aircraft Carrier Landing Trainer EAI 680 Analog/Hybrid Computing System for aviation research in fields of aircraft design and flight control, as well as for general simulation of aeronautical problems Thirty more Data-Recorders to be used for recording chemical information directly on computer magnetic tape Studying methods to simplify data processing by enabling computers to "read" handprinted information Total data processing support for Telecredit's check verification and insurance services Two core memory systems for the Illiac III computer over $4 mi 11 ion about $3 million about $2 million over $1.5 million over $1 million about $1.5million $467,000 $200,000 $122,000 NEW INSTALLATIONS ,m NASA Computation and Analysis Division Facility, Houston, Texas Parkview Memorial Hospital, Fort Wayne, Ind. EAI 8900 Hybrid Computing System valued at $1.7 million GE-115 computer system Mack Trucks, Inc" Parts Service Operation Center, Somerville, N.J. Northwestern Drug Co" Tacoma, Wash. GE 415 computer Fedder Data Centers, Inc., Baltimore Md. Electricite de France (French Power Bureau), Paris, France NCR 315 computer i() Two NCR 315 systems Control Data 6600 Computer System Simulating critical docking maneuvers for project Apollo Maintaining and analyzing medical records and to process financial accounting data; also to assist in special diet and menu planning, and to schedule preventive maintenance on the physical plant Keeping track of some 80,000 spare parts and supplies for shipment to customers around the world Handling data processing of firm's wholesale operation; also to serve area retail druggists. One system is installed in Tacoma, the other at firm's Portland facility Additional capacity to its lineup of data processing equipment Wide range of applications including electrical network power distribution studies, power plant engineering, economic studies, as well as for scientific computations COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Fcbrll.lrY. 1')(,7 II Newsletter NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala o EAI 8900 Hybrid Computing System valued at $1 million The Fairview Hospitals, Minneapolis, Minn. Uo S. Navy Ships Parts Control Center (SPCC), Mechanicsburg, Pa. IBM System/360 Model 40 IBM System/360 Model 65 valued at $1 8 million Brookhaven National Laboratory Two Sigma 7 computers C-E-I-R, Inc o, Manhattan, N.Y. IBM 360/65 computer valued at about $2 million SDS Sigma 7 computer Michigan State University, East Lansing. Mich Texas Electronic Company (TRACOR), Austin, Texas 0 o Cerritos College, Los Angeles County. Cali f Goldblatt Bros o Inc., Chicago, Ill. Sperry Rand UNIVAC 1108 Computer System valued at approximately $2 million Honeywell 200 system 0 IBM System/360 Model 30 Van Waters & Robers, Inc., San Francisco, Califo IBM System/360 Investors Diversified Services (1.D S.) , Minneapolis. Minn. Radio Specialties Coo, Inc o, Detroit, Micho IBM System/360 Model 50 Electrical Engineering Dept., University of Minnesota Booth Fisheries, Chicago, Ill. Two Model 240 Simulator general purpose analog computing systems Honeywell 120 computer J. Walter Jones, Jr., and Associates. South Boston. Va. LGP 30 Computer Application to studies in the Saturn booster program; also for studies on reclaiming/re-use of boosters. and for mul ti-stagi ng control studies Patient and laboratory records-keeping Assistance in world wide management of 300,000 line items valued at over $3 billion and ranging from ships and ordnance parts to ammunition and guided missiles Helping to explain some recently discovered inconsistencies in the laws of nature Replacement of IBM 7094 Studies aimed at understanding the physical forces that hold atomic nuclei together Serving all of TRACOR's scientists; eventually becoming accessible to all of company's four subsidiaries, two divisions and five branch offices and laboratories via telephone lines and remote communications devices Administrative and instructional purposes; primary use will be instructional General accounting, accounts payable, employee discounts and general inventory control Controlling inventory of more than 30,000 items ranging from laboratory glassware to $50,000 electron microscopes Expansion of existing computer system o ORGANIZATION NEWS NCR AND RCA SIGN PACT ON COMPUTER PATENTS The National Cash Register Company has announced that it has entered into an agreement with the Radio Corporation of America under which each company grants rights to the other under its patents in the electronic data processing field. This cross-licensing agreement is designed to free both companies from patent infringement conflicts which could arise in the increasingly complex computer field, NCR pointed out, but it does not involve any exhange of know-how. The agreement covers not only patents on NCR and RCA computers, as such, but also patents pertaining to other products of the two companies when those products are employed as direct, "on-line" components of computer systems. IBM System/360 Model 20 Providing up-to-date stock control of some 46,000 items ranging from tiny resistors to large-scale testing equipment; also billing, statements and sales analysis Training students in the application of analytical and simulation techniques Centralizing world-wide cost accounting and doubling speed of handling over 20,000/month invoice transactions Performing subdivision design and surveying computations CONTROL DATA RECEIVES EXPORT LICENSE TO SHIP A SECOND 6600 COMPUTER TO FRANCE William C. Norris, President of Control Data Corporation has announced that his company has received an export license to ship a super-scale Control Data 6600 Computer System to S.I.A. (Societe d'Informatique Appliquee) in Paris. This is the second export license granted to Control Data (see Computers and Automation, January 1967, p.52) under terms of the agreement recently reached by the United States and French Governments on computer exports to France. A Control Data 6600 was installed at the French Power Bureau (Electricite de France), also in Paris, during December. ADAMS ASSOCIATES FORMS NEW SUBSIDIARY Charles W. Adams, President of Charles W. Adams Associates, Inc. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 (Cambridge, Mass.) has announced the formation of a new wholly-owned subsidiary, Adams Associates Incorporated. This move was made, according to Mr. Adams, in recognition of the need for a separate organization, with its own corporate identity, to handle the rapidly expanding computer consulting and programming activities. Its other subsidiary, KEYDATA Corporation, provides time-shared on-line data processing services for a variety of business management and accounting requirements. The new company will be headed by John T. Gilmore, Jr., who in 1959 founded the parent firm with Mr. Adams and has been its Vice President since. GT&E SUBSIDIARY NEGOTIATING FOR ACQUISITION OF ULTRONIC SYSTEMS General Telephone & Electronics Corporation and Ultronic Systems Corp. have announced that a GT&E SUbsidiary, Sylvania Electric Products Inc., has been negotiating it7 Newsletter with Ul~ronic Systems Corp. on a plan for acquisition of Ultronic Systems. Under terms of the plan, GT&E would issue one share of $50 par, 5% convertible preferred stock in exchange for each five shares of Ultronic Systems common stock, except for the 178,390 common shares already owned by Sylvania. The GT&E convertible preferred stock would be convertible into common stock initially at $55 per share. Based upon the present number of Ultronic Systems common shares and warrants outstanding, approximately 317,874 shares of GT&E preferred stock would be issued. In addition, preferred shares of GT&E would be issued for outstanding preferred shares of Ultronic Systems. GT&E President, Leslie H. Warner said that upon approval of the plan by the Board of Directors of Ultronic Systems, the plan would then be submitted to the GT&E Board of Directors for their approval. Robert S. Sinn, President and Chairman of Ultronic Systems, said that upon such approval, the proposal then would be presented to Ultronic Systems shareowners for approval on a date yet to be decided. Sylvania is a principal producer of electronic systems and components, lighting products, and television-stereo-radio sets. Ultronic Systems (Pennsauken, N.J.) is engaged in the development, manufacture, lease, and servicing of electronic quotation systems for securities and commodities markets. TABULATING & BUSINESS SERVICES, INC. ACQUIRES AMERICAN COMPUTING CENTERS Tabulating & Business Services, Inc., a diversified data'processing service company, has acquired American Computing Centers Corp., also of New York. TBS president Murray Lee said the merger of American Computing Centers into Tabulating & Business Services has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies. Jack Rothschild, president, and Alan Steinberg, executive vicepresident, American Computing Centers, will join TBS as vice-presidents. American Computing Centers, a four-year old data processing service center, has specialized in operations research techniques us- ing computers in industrial applications for the solution of industrial and management problems. Nuclear is the largest independent company in the nuclear energy field. WASHINGTON-AREA COMPUTER CENTER OPENED BY THE MATRIX CORPORATION COMPUTING CENTERS MAJOR EXPANSION OF CSC'S REMOTE COMPUTING NETWORK A major expansion of Computer Sciences Corporation's remote computing network has been announced by William R. Hoover, president of CSC's Computer Sciences Division. Under the expansion program, Hoover said, CSC will,install a Univac 1108 computer at Richland, Wash., center of the remote network, this month. In addition, CSCwill install 52 of Univac's recently introduced DCT-2000 data communication terminals for customers of the remote service, called Remotran. The enlarged system will offer advanced time-sharing capabilities, and will be accessible from anywhere in the United States and Canada via standard telephone circuits. The new computer will be one of the first 1108's with a core memory of 131,000 words of 36 bits, twice the size of the 1108 models now in operation. CSC will develop its own software for the larger-capacity machine. A new Washington-area computer center, establishing a new terminal in its east-coast computer network centered in New York, has been opened by the Matrix Corporation in the Westgate Research Park at McLean, Va. The new center offers to business, industry, and government the use of the high-speed IBM 7094 in the New York center, by way of the McLean installation of the UNIVAC 1004, the vital link in teleprocessing. On order for the New York center of the east-coast network, for spring installation, is a more powerful IBM 360, model 65-40, which will greatly increase the capacity of the east-coast network. This McLean installation is being augmented also by the new IBM 360, model 40, for teleprocessing. The east-coast network now extends from New York and Farmingdale, Long Island, to Washington. Plans for the immediate future also call for extension of this network to Boston and other cities. The company also operates a major computer network on the west coast, with its main center in the Los Angeles area. A mid-west network is in the planning stages. UNITED NUCLEAR CORPORATION OPENS COMPUTING CENTER IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY The Uni ted Nuclear Corporation has established a Computer Center in Elmsford (near White Plains), N.Y., that makes available a large scale, scientific and business data processing facility in Westchester County. The Center, offering expanded customer services, operates a Control Data 1604A 32K with 8 magnetic tape drives and a 1000 Ipm printer. Peripheral equipment and private offices for clients are provided. The Center's full complement of software -- some 350 off-the-shelf programs -- are available to the public. These include commercial and scientific routines (PERT, COBOL, FORTRAN, Linear Programming) and numerous engineering and statistical codes. The Computer Center is a part of the Development Division of the United Nuclear Corporation. United EDUCATION NEWS COMPUTER PROGRAMMING COURSE FOR THE BLIND A special nine-month computer programming course adapted for the blind has been undertaken by System Development Corporation (SDC), Santa Monica, Calif., under an institutional tuition arrangement with the Division of Rehabilitation of the Blind, Dept. of Rehabilitation, California Heal th and Welfare Agency. One blind student already has successfully completed a rigid course and, after weighing several offers, has accepted employment with a computer firm in the Los Angeles area. The same basic course, with some modifications, is being offered to the first class of 14 blind students. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1')(,7 Newsletter Students for the SOC program were selected from top candidates and were required to make high scores on a general aptitude and intelligence test battery. Their academic backgrounds include a science interest leaning heavily toward mathematics, and most have at least two years of college. Materials for training the blind student are not substantially different from those presently used by SOC's Professional and Technical Training staff. Texts have been transcribed on tape and tests will be given in braille. From his class notes and taped lessons, the student types his personal braille notebook. The blind student can review printouts converted to braille by a computer program, reading the raised impressions made on the back of the paper by the computer line printer. According to SOC project head and principal instructor, Miss Connie Walker, no student will graduate from the class unless he has met the grade requirements established for SOC's courses. Blind students who fall short of a passing grade at the completion of the course will be evaluated on the basis of what they have achieved and will be certified for an appropriate level of computer operation. ARMSTRONG ADULT EDUCATION OFFERS JOB TRAINING WITH NEW COMPUTER As the new semester started last month, students at the Armstrong Adult Education Center, Washington, D.C., began using a new IBM 1130 computer. The desk-sized computer, designed for a number of accounting and research applications, was installed for the Center's data processing classes. The course is the first in computer training to be offered in public schools here. Classes, which are given at night, are based on a curriculum developed by the United States Office of Education. To prepare for actual computer use, students are instructed in basic programming principles, including languages used to communicate with computers. The "handson" computer training will include a number of representative applica t ions. At present, 78 students are enrolled in the course. The data processing course is one of 18 oc- cupational training programs offered along with a full high school academic program at Armstrong. Tuition is free to District residents. program, vast amounts of information, centrally stored in the computer, will be available to teachers quickly and completely," said Thomas Crowder, project coordinator. CURRICULUM 'SHOPPING' VIA COMPUTER, TV CONSOLES School teachers may soon be using television and computers to "shop" for classroom teaching aids. A pilot project introduced by the Portland Public School District, Portland, Ore., makes use of both devices to help teachers immediately locate lists of instructional materials, training aids and reference data to aid them in planning their curricula. The project, operating under a $129,000 grant from the Hill Family Foundation of Minneapolis, is seeking answers to two major problems of education -the keeping of voluminous pupil personnel records, and the storing, maintenance and retrieval of school curriculum. District officials feel they are finding the answers through the use of their Honeywell 120 computer and the television display devices, which have keyboards that allow information stored in the computer to be retrieved instantly and flashed on the screen for a teacher's use. The first of the display units will be installed at Rice Elementary School and will be ready for use by early spring. The science curriculum will be placed into the computer's memory as the initial phase of the pilot project. Then, at Rice Elementary, teachers can go curriculum 'shopping' by using the computer to help plan the best possible class programs for the their students, geared to their particular learning levels. For example, if a teacher is beginning instruction in rock classification, she determines the learning readiness of her class, keys that information and the subject title into the computer and immediately sees on the screen a list of all instructional materials and aids that will be beneficial to her students. If she desires a printed list, pressing another button activates a teletypewriter which will give her a permanent copy, Educators have long been aware that teachers work under severe handicaps in curriculum planning, since necessary information often is not properly indexed for reference or is stored someplace not readily accessible. "Through our COMPlJTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 NEW PRODUCTS - - D igital SEL REDESIGNS 810A COMPUTER The SEL 810A computer, manufactured by Systems Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Fla., has been redesigned, reduced appreciably in size, given increased reliability, and reduced in price, the company announces. The redesigned system is identical logically to the previous one -- hence, the retention of the name SEL 810A. The computer remains a total integrated circuit machine. Careful redesign has reduced the 378 logic cards previously employed to a startling 124 cards. Wiring connections have been reduced from 22,000 to 4000. The 16 bit parallel computer has an internal memory cycle time of 1.75 ~seconds, and a core storage of 4096 words ~hich can be expanded to 32,000 words. The new 810A will use the field proven set of software developed over the last two years for the earlier generation of 810A's. Delivery of the first unit is scheduled for March with 30 to 60 day delivery thereafter. (For more information, designate U43 on the Readers Service Card.) INTERDATA MODEL 3 COMPUTER Interdata, of Farmingdale, N.J., a 6 month old firm in the digital computer market, has disclosed the development of a low cost, high speed digi tal computer. The machine, Interdata Model 3, has been designed for the control field. It has definite applications for process control, real time counting, sequence control and data acquisition. The same device with a different display panel can be used in the education field for teaching computer usage, mathematics, physics, ·19 Newsletter logic and programming. Model 3 for control is a 16 bit unit selling for $6000, while the education unit sells for $6700. (For more information, designate #42 on the Readers Service Card.) SIGMA 5 COMPUTER ANNOUNCED BY SDS Sigma 5, a new medium-priced, multi-use computer, was announced last month by Max Palevsky, President of Scientific Data Systems, Santa Monica, Calif. It is the middle member of the new Sigma line of low-cost, multi-use computers announced in 1966. The Sigma 5 is fully compatible with the larger Sigma 7, and data and input/output compatible with Sigma 2. The new Sigma 5 has been designed especially for scientific and business applications which require a high throughput for general purpose applications and real time systems control. Memory cycle time of the Sigma 5 is 850 nanoseconds, which is reduced to 600 nanoseconds when overlappi ng of memory uni ts occurs. Memory si ze ranges from 4096 words -- Memory module: each module contains 4096 eight bit bytes. Modular concept allows Sigma 5 computers to be fieldexpanded to 131,072 words of 32 bits to 131,072 words. Like the larger Sigma 7, all of memory is addressed directly or indirectly and can be altered in bytes, half-words, words or double words. Up to eight input/output processors, each with capacity for 32 I/O channels, can be provided with the Sigma 5. The computer is delivered standard with eight input/ 50 output channels and 16 general purpose registers, which can be expanded to as many as 256 registers. Up to 224 priority interrupt levels are available with Sigma 5. Software supplied with Sigma 5 includes two operating monitors, three levels of FORTRAN IV, two assemblers, SDS COBOL-65 and other business programs, and a complete set of utility and diagnostic programs. (For more information, designate #41 on the Readers Service Card.) Software COMPUTER PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUE USED TO PLAN FLEET OPERATIONS Steamships sailing on the Great Lakes are following shipping routes and hauling cargoes that were pre-determined by a computer long before the shipping season began. Using a linear programming computer technique developed by The Service Bureau Corporation (SBC), New York, N.Y., Great Lakes shipping executives are getting answers to such key questions as how many ships will be needed for the season, when marginal ships should be activated, what cargoes to haul and sailing patterns to follow. For every ship in the fleet, its capacity and shipping time between ports will vary according to cargo, distance, port facilities, water levels and other factors. During the season, which extends from April to December, a vessel will load at one port and sail to any number of others. The number of possible routes that could be taken by anyone ship, said Dr. Leon Gleiberman, who helped develop the mathematical model at SBC's Scientific Computing Center, is "astronomical, and probably over a bi Ilion" • Data Transmitters and AID Converters TELLER REGISTER MACHINE FROM HONEYWELL Honeywell's electronic data processing division (Wellesley Hills, Mass.) has added a new Teller Register machine to its computer product line. Benjamin W. Taunton, in charge of Honeywell's computer marketing effort for banking and finance, described the machine as the most advanced bank teller computer equipment on the market because "it freely exchanges information with a central computer without the restrictions found in other equipment of this type." Taunton said the new desk-top register is "limited only by the imagination of the bank using it," because the functions the machine performs are completely controlled by a flexible teller-unit monitoring computer program which may be modified easily by the bank to meet its particular requirements. He stated that initially the register, which has a 9-by-9 numeric keyboard and 12 control key indicators, will be used largely to process savings deposits or withdrawals, issue checks or money orders and record mortgage payments, but he added the machine can perform many other teller functions for banks. If communications are cut off between the computer and the register, the machine can caluclate information indefinitely on an "offline" basis for later entry into the computer. Taunton stated that the control unit, which operates the Teller Register, handles up to 10 registers at a time. He said prices are competi ti ve wi th other computer equipment of this type. (For more information, designate #45 on the Readers Service Card.) Numerical Control Moreover, with the programming technique, experiments can be made on the possible effects of unex~ pected occurrences such as labor strikes, accidents or unusual weather. The results of purchasing new ships, selling older ones and signing new tonnage contracts also can be analyzed. (For more information, designate #44 on the Readers Service Card.) NUMERICAL CONTROL TEACHING EQUIPMENT Equipment for teaching numerical control techniques is claimed by its British manufacturer to be the first simple, low-cost system suitable for technical colleges and universities. COMPUTERS and A UTOMA TION for Fcbruarr. 1~){,7 Newsletter The firm, Feedback Ltd. of Sussex, England, has combined its Logikit Primer LK 225 logic tutor with additional plug-in elements and its Digital Encoder SE 254 to produce an apparatus that illustrates the principles of numerical control; it can be assembled and understood by an average student during a single laboratory period. In its simplest form the equipment is used by the student to construct a position control system which responds to a numerical demand in the form of a 3-bit binary number set on three switches. The digital encoder is coupled to the output shaft, and this produces a Gray Code to identify any of eight equal angular segments within a 3600 rotation. The logic circuits made up by the student from simple plug-in elements convert the Gray Code to natural binary and compare input demand with encoder output. The differences (greater or less) in binary form are converted into an error signal sui table for the servo. This drives the encoder in the correct direction to reduce the difference to zero. Input demand and the natural binary response are monitored continuously by a bank of indicator lamps so the student can see the accuracy and speed of the system's response. The logic tutor, additional plug-in elements and digital encoder are available from the 0.5. agent, Muirhead Instruments Inc., and cost $885 FOB Mountainside, N.J. The equipment can be expanded for larger experiments at extra cost. (For more information, designate #46 on the Readers Service Card.) Input-Output FACIT TAPE READER MARKETED BY POTTER Potter Instrument Company, Plainview, N.Y., now is marketing Facit's PE 1000 Tape Reader under a marketing agreement concluded between the two companies. A recent demonstration showed a PE 1000 Tape Reader connected to an IBM 1460 computer. In this mode it is possible to read in punched tape directly without any conversion to punched cards. The PE 1000 is u sed for reading punched tapes into data processing systems, data processing control of automatic processes, data transmission, as well as duplicating punched tapes. It is convertible for 5, 6, 7 or 8 tracks, and features a radical new design which eliminates risk of reading mistakes. All tape colors can be read, even transparent tape. The tape reader is unaffected by dust, dirt and incident light. (For more information, designate #47 on the Readers Service Card.) G·12 TAPE DUPLICATING SYSTEM HAS SPEEDS OF 240 IPS The G-12 Tape Duplicating System, with all solid-state plugin_modules, has duplication ratios of 32: 1 and 16: 1 wi th recordi ng and duplicating speeds of 120 and 240 ips. The exclusi ve "Focused Gap Field" magnetic recording technique, which is a beamed RF bias, improves the quality of all tapes because it very closely matches the ideal anhysteretic magnetic recording process. The equipment is produced by Gauss Electrophysics, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif. Reduce costs 10%-15% or more with short-term leases of brand -new IBM System/3GO Computers Randolph Computer Corporation (formerly North American Computer) is managed by America's most experienced computerleasing team specializing in shortterm leases of new IBM System /360 computers. The G-12, because of modular design, can be matched for any combination of up to 20 duplicating slave recorders and can be patched in or out of the common bus without system readjustment. Two, four or eight track magnetic heads may be plugged in quickly to handle a wide variety of program formats. Several configurations are available from 2 to 8 track ~-inch and the new 0.150 in. (3.8 MM) tapes. Rewind fast forward speed of a 2400 foot reel is 80 seconds on NAB metal or plastic reel or open hubs. (For more information, designate #48 on the Readers Service Card.) Investigate how your company may benefit from our no-overtime and guaranteed savings plans. Send coupon now for full information or phone 212-986-4722. John M. Randolph, John G. Arbour, Gerald J. Murphy, Cornelius T. Ryan, Robinson R. Whiteside r--------------------------RANDOLPH COMPUTER CORPORATION 200 Park Ave., (Pan-Am Bldg.) N.Y., N.Y. 10017 Please send full information. NAME CALCOMP TELEPLOTTER The CalComp Teleplotter, introduced by California Computer Products, Inc., Anaheim, Calif., extends high-speed digital plot ting COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 TITLE COMPANY STREET CITY STATE 5 Newsletter to users of time-shared computer systems. The Teleplotter, composed of a CalComp plotter and controller, operates with a standard Data-Phone Adapter and teletypewriter, allowing two-way communication with the computer and automatic switching, under program control, between plotter and teletypewriter. The Teleplotter drives any 500 or 600 Series CalComp plotter at speeds up to 280 incremental steps per second. ability of Honeywell's 1806 oscillograph is indicated by the collection of analog and video signals recorded by the instrument as shown VMJ\NV\I\NJ WN\f\Ar~VvV M/V\NNVVv The user dials the computer for service and inputs all instructions, data and plot programs through the teletypewriter. In response, the computer prepares the plot program, including identification codes for that particular plotter, and outputs signals for remote online plotting. PI. JWNNV\N~ VV\NVV\JVW\ VMf\NW The Teleplotter decodes an 8-bit character which contains instruction codes and plotter drive signals. These contain all necessary data for direction of movement, plotter select, teletypewriter select, pen up or pen down, and incremental plotter steps to' be performed (up to a maximum of 28 per character). While plotting and other remote station output functions normally proceed automatically under computer control, a manual interrupt capability in the Teleplotter permits the user tonverride and interrupt computer 'controlled operations when required. (For more information, designate #49 on the Readers Service Card.) The compact and versatile Model 1806 Visicorder is said by the automation systems firm to have "virtually unlimited" uses. The high-fre- Pl<. VWMf\N\Jv NvWVvV\A\ JMNM1\M0 in the picture. Its capabilities include recording video pictures (A) in a series of individual frames; transverse (B) or longitudinal (C) recording of signals in a continuous mode; and combining both X and Y signals to obtain single 3x5-inch records (01) or continuous records of X-Y plots and Li s saj ou s pa tterns (02 and 03). quency analog and video recorder incorporates operational features of both oscillographs and oscilloscopes to provide the user with immediate and permanent data records. Conventional oscilloscope controls were used for easy setup and operation of the 1806 for standard laboratory use. (For more information, designate #50 on the Readers Service Card.) HONEYWELL OSCILLOGRAPH Honeywell Inc. has introduced an oscillograph instrument that it says will measure and record highfrequency analog data at up to one million cycles per second, and has a data printout capability nearly 100 times faster than any directwrite system on the market, with a writing speed measured at more than a million inches per second. The new oscillograph -- designated as the Model 1806 fiber-optic CRT (cathode-ray tube) Visicorder -was developed and built by the firm's Test Instruments Division in Denver, Colo. and made its debut in the instrumentation market last month. A unique transverse recording technique permits writing across the paper, as well as in the standard downward mode. The 4-axis cap- 52 Components is but 8-3/8"L x 6"W x 6f1 H and sells for $350 including mating cable. INCREMENTAL RECORDER TEST UNIT Digi-Data Corporation's (Bladensburg, Md.) new Model 1400 Test Unit is capable of exercising incremental recorders by supplying all external command functions including Step and Record and IR Gap signals and monitoring all recorder outputs such as End IR Gap, End Tape, Echo Check Correct, and Echo Check Incorrect Output signals. Programming capabilities include a wide variation in recording rates, a choice of record lengths, odd or even parity, and the type of repetitive pattern recorded on tape. Powered by the recorder, the unit o (For more information, designate #51 on the Readers Service Card.) COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 Newsletter AUTOMATION AUTOMATED CATTLE FEEDING A completely automated cattle feeding system developed at the University of Illinois agricultural Experiment Station may revolutioniie the feeding of dairy cows. A joint project of the Departments of Agricultural Engineering and Dairy Science, the system now being tested is based on the concepts of group handling of cows for milking, feeding and housing, and bulk handling of feed and milk. It is designed to eliminate the labor and equipment problems usually associated with mechanized feeding of individual dairy cows. From the feed processing center -- the heart of the system -grain-forage rations are processed automatically and deli vered to four separate feed bunks, each accommodating groups of 20 cows. Thefeed processing center includes three silos or upright storages, a small feed factory with an automatic hammer mill, and a feed processing building housing a specially designed control panel manufactured by General Electric's General Purpose Control Dept. The control panel enables one man to select and regulate the proportion of each of the feed ingredients. A number of safety features incorporated into the system prevent deli very of an improperly constituted ration, or overloading of conveyor motors. This feeding system removes the various ingredients from storage in the proper quantity and at the proper rate, mixes them together, and fi nally feeds them to each of four lots. The make-up of the ration and the quantity discharged are regulated by the control system. Frequency of feeding is controlled by a 24-hour time clock. In the event of equipment failure, the system automatically shuts off and a warning device is actuated. Rations are collected from the four sources by means of a common 9-inch auger. The auger serves as both a conveyor and a mixer, discharging the ingredients into an inclined chain flight elevator that raises them approximately 10 feet above the ground to the first feedbunk distributor. The feed is diverted from the inclined elevator into a 90-foot cross-conveying auger. There is a clutch between the first 10-foot section and the re- mainder of the auger. If feed is desired in the first feeder, the auger turns one way, operating only the fi rst 10-foot section and dropping the feed into the first feeder. If feed is required at the other mechanical feeders, the auger motor is reversed and the whole 90-foot section turns, vonveying feed to the second feeder. By adapting this automated system to the group handling concept, it is anticipated that feeding in the milking parlor can be eliminated and that one man will be able to manage a herd of highproducing dairy cows producing 500,000 to 700,000 pounds of milk annually. BUSINESS NEWS HONEYWELL EDP HAS RECORD REVENUES Honeywell's computer business achieved record revenues of $182 million in sales and rental income during 1966, according to James H. Binger, board chairman of Honeywell Inc. This is an increase of some 79% from revenues of $104 recorded in 1965. Honeywell's computer business now represents 20% of Honeywell Inc.'s total income. It is the fastest growing segment of the firm. Binger also stated that Honeywell passed a major milestone in 1966 when its domestic computer business became profitable for the first time. "The achievement was especially meaningful because it came at a time of rapid growth requiring continued investment of large sums in our computer business," Binger noted. Long-term leasing and the sale and leaseback of computers have contributed significantly to financthe company's growth, according to the Honeywell chairman. He said that during 1966 Honeywell sold and leased back computers valued at $40 million. The result of these transactions were to lower by a substantial amount Honeywell's capital expen~itures to finance computer equIpment on rental to customers., Honeywell's total capital expenditures in 1966 amounted to $84 million. lion, compared with $205 million in 1965. "We expect 1967 sales and rental revenue to exceed the 1966 level," Bi nger said. He added that at year end there were over 2000 Honeywell computers installed or on order around the world. AMPEX SALES RISE Ampex Corp. had record sales of $101,265,000 for the six months ending October 29th. This is an increase of 37% from sales of $73,715,000 reported for the same period last year. Earnings also rose- to $4,453,000 or 30% from $3,437,000 for the period a year ago. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS UPS SALES, EARNINGS Computer Applications, Inc., New York, one of the largest software and service bureau firms in the country, had sales of $17.576.119 for the fiscal year ended Sept. 30. This is an increase of 59% from sales of just over $11 million reported in the last fiscal year. Earnings were up 112% from $243,545 in FY65 to $517,352 in the fiscal year just completed. Computer Applications has relied on mergers and acquisitions for a substantial part of its business growth. UNIV. COMPUTING DOUBLES EARNINGS The earnings of University Computer Co., Dallas, Texas, doubled in the nine months ended Sept. 30, from $186,532 (30¢ per share) in the first nine months of fiscal year '65 to $608,294 (66¢ per share) for the current period. Sales increased 21~~ during the same period, from $1,483,843 to $3,118,808, in comparable nine month periods. University Computing Co. is a diversified computer service firm offering software marketing, service bureau, and computer leasing services. Binger reported that the value of computers shipped in 1966 rose sharply to approximately $300 mil- COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 53 c&a WORLD REPORT - GREAT BRITAIN Although the Polish deal of International Computers and Tabulators is not going as smoothly as was last month expected - only one out of the four machines has been signed for, as the Poles are trying for lower prices than ICT will give - the success story of the United Kingdom in Eastern Europe continues. Now Elliott-Automation has revealed four contracts for a number of "Iron Curtain" countries, worth about $l.5m. Significant among these is one for a small process-control machine for the Soviet Union. Elliott's has a good name in Russia, having supplied the equipment to control the world's largest ethylene cracker there. Also significant is the contract to supply a large system to the Czechoslovak central computing authority, to be used by it in evaluating systems offered from outside the country for use by Czech organizations. At a time when the United States State Department is reported to have relaxed its opposition to the sale of System4 computers to Eastern bloc countries, this development could be of particular importance, since it could involve evaluation of 3rd generation machines by computer equipment which, though well ahead in the cost-effectiveness stakes, is barely "2Y2 generation". System-4 is, of course, Spectra 70 plus a further degree of microminiaturisation. The makers of System-4, English Electric, are being very cautious about this apparent U.S. leniency in translating COCOM strategic export rules. They will barely admit to a slight thaw. At the same time it would surprise no one in the UK computer world to hear of several System-4 sales in the near future to the Czechs and possibly the Hungarians. At the same time, English Electric now admits that it is highly unlikely that th~ KDF-9 computer it had contracted to send to Peking will find its way there. This is a machine which is comparable in power with the 7094. It is a moot point whether there has been some horse-trading. The Ferranti company, which many regard as leaders of British electronic technology, have sprung a surprise on the computer community. A year ago they announced two microminiature process control computers, the Argus 400 and 500; now to go with them they are building a whole range of auxiliary equipment whose circuits are based entirely on the company's integrated circuitry. The company has demonstrated the degree to which its equipment can be made more compact; as a result, but more important still, a major client has ordered 600 of the micromin display screens for its seat reservation scheme, destined to be the most advanced in the world. The client is British 54 Overseas Airways Corporation and the displays will be linked through some 50 Argus computers to two IBM 67's. Ferranti pioneered the Direct Digital Control concept in 1962 with an Argus system working the Imperial Chemical Industries fertilizer plant at Fleetwood. Its latest range of equipment is aimed primarily at the industrial control field and while the two small computers are the central units, the company has also designed about 100 modules to permit the easy construction of input/output systems to suit any application. High reliability and low cost have been sought by using virtually nothing but integrated-circuit logical elements and replacing conventional wiring looms with printed wiring systems. A standard interface highway is not modified by the number or types of input/output modules, which are simply connected to the highway. Module cards and buffer cards which use multilayer boards are plugged into main bore units. Plant connections are made directly to the module sockets. Analogue input equipment can be built into a system able to handle up to 512 input signals and there is an analogue / digital converter capable of some 80,000 conversions a second. Analogue output control of up to 256 integrator output circuits is possible. Pulsed digital input unit allows the computer to check and determine the state of 3072 contact closures on a plant. Output signals to drive external units are controlled by solid-state or reed switches and one output unit will give a total of 128 points controlled. This is Ferranti's answer to the explosion in process control and in the year ending in November it sold $14m worth of the new equipment. The company's position as a components manufacturer may be strengthened very shortly by the injection of $12m to $15m of government money through the State-controlled investment organisation known as the National Research Development Corporation, which is committed to establishing a sound, competitive microcircuit industry in Great Britain. Ted Schoeters Stanmore Middlesex England COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION URS needs data systems analysts, operations research analysts, military analysts, mathematicians, and systems and applications programmers. NO TWO JOBS ALIKE. URS has grown for 15 years, and yet retains an environment in which the contribution of each individual is unique and"important. Individual effort comes first. URS Systems Centers are engaged in system design, programming, and information processing operations in the United States and other parts of the world. (In addition, our Research Center performs research and development in the physical sciences and engineering.) Are you currently engaged in systems design or programming in the following areas? Simulation • Logistics • Management information systems • Computer programming aids, languages and applications If you have such qualifications and are interested in a position offering professional growth and compensation based on your effort, send your inquiry or resume to: URS* • CORPORATION 1811 Trousdale Drive Burlingame, California 94010 'Still known to some of our older friends as Broadview (BRC), United Research Services (URS), and various other aliases reflecting a spirit of experimentation. AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER-BY CHOICE! ate No. 15 CALENDAR OF On COMING EVENTS (Continued from page 29) May 23-26, 1967: GUIDE International, Americana Hotel, New York, N.Y.; contact Lois E. Mecham, Secretary, GUIDE International, c/o United Services Automobile Assoc., 4119 Broadway, San Antonio, Texas 78215 June 20-23, 1967: DPMA International Data Processing Conference and Business Exposition, Sheraton-Boston Hotel, Boston, Mass.; contact William ]. Horne, Conference Director, United Shoe Machinery Corp., 140 Federal St., Boston, Mass. June 26-27, 1967: Computer Personnel Research Group Fifth Annual Conference, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. (near Washington, D.C.) ; contact Dr. Charles D. Lothridge, General Electric Co., 570 Lexington Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022 June 28-30, 1967: 1967 Joint Automatic Control Conference, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036 July 31-August 4, 1967: MEDAC '67 Symposium and Exhibition, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, Calif.; contact John]. Post, Executive Secretary, AAMI, P. O. Box 314, Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. 02138 August 22-25, 1967: WESCON (Western E.Iectronic Show and Convention), Cow Palace, San Francisco, Calif.; contact Don Larson, 3600 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90005 Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1967: AICA (International Association for Analogue Computation) Fifth Congress, Lausanne, Switzer- COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 land; contact secretary of the Swiss Federation of Automatic Control, Wasserwerkstrasse 53, Zurich, Switzerland Aug. 29-31, 1967: 1967 ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) National Conference, Twentieth Anniversary, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.; contact Thomas Willette, P.O. Box 6, Annandale, Va. 22003 Sept. 6-8, 1967: First Annual IEEE Computer Conference, Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago, Ill.; contact Professor S. S. Yau, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, The Technological Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. 60201 Sept. 11-15, 1967: 1967 International Symposium on Information Theory, Athens, Greece; contact A. V. Balakrishnan, Dept. of Engineering, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 Sept. 25-28, 1967: International Symposium on Automation of Population Register Systems, Jerusalem, Israel; contact D. Chevion, Chairman of Council, Information Processing Association of Israel, P.O.B. 3009, Jerusalem, Israel Nov. 14-16, 1967: Fall Joint Computer Conference, Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, Calif.; contact AFIPS Headquarters, 211 E. 43rd St., New York, N.Y. 10017 May 21-23, 1968: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Sheraton Park/Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D.C.; contact AFIPS Headquarters, 211 E. 43rd St., New York, N.Y. 10017 Aug. 5-10, 1968: IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing) Congress 68, Edinburgh, Scotland; contact John Fowlers & Partners, Ltd., Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Square, London, W.C. 2., England 55 , '{ our decentra\ized company COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for february. 1967 Designate No. 13 on Readers Service Card 56 Your decentralized company with a Univac Total Management Information System. Your total organization is tied together by a total communications system that continuously receives, up-dates and relays management information. Centralized control of decentralized operations becomes a reality. And distance, as a factor in management, becomes irrelevant. There are two distinct Univac Total Management Information Systems designed for complex, large-scale business and scientific applications_ The Univac® 1108 and the Univac 494 Real-Time Systems. For information about them, get in touch with UNIVAC DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 57 MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS The number of electronic computers installed or in production at any nne time has been increasing at a bewildering pace in the past several years. New vendors have come into the computer market, and familiar machines have gone out of production. Some new machines have been received with open arms by users others have been given the cold shoulder. To aid our readers in keeping up wi th this mushrooming activity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this monthly report on the number of general purpose electronic computers of American-based companies which are installed or on order as of the preceding month. These figures included ins~al lations and orders outside the United States. We update this computer census monthly, so that it will serve as a "box-score" of progress for readers interested in following the growth of the American computer industry, and of the computing power it builds. In general, manufacturers in the computer field do not officially release installation and on order figures. The figures in this census are developed through a continuing market survey conducted by associates of our magazine. This market research program develops and maintains a data bank describing current computer installations in the Uni ted States. A similar program is conducted for overseas installations. Any addi tions, or corrections, from informed readers will be welco.med. AS OF JANUARY 10, 1967 NAME OF MANUFACTURER ASI Computer Autonetics Bunker-Ramo Corp. Burroughs Control Data Corporation Data Machines. Inc. Digital Equipment Corp. El-tronics Inc. Electronic Associates General Electric Honeywell 58 Inc. NAME OF COMPUTER ASI 210 ASI 2100 ADVANCE 6020 ADVANCE 6040 ADVANCE 6050 ADVANCE 6070 ADVANCE 6130 RECOMP II RECOMP III BR-130 BR-133 BR-230 BR-300 BR-330 BR-340 205 220 EI0I-I03 B100 B250 B260 B270 B280 B300 B2500 B3500 B5500 B6500 88500 G-15 G-20 LGP-21 LGP-30 RPC-4000 160· /160A/160G 924/924A 1604/1604A 1700 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3800 6400 6600 6800 620 PDP-l PDP-4 PDP-5 PDP-6 PDP-7 PDP-8; 8/S PDP-9 PDP-I0 ALWAC IIIE 8400 115 205 210 215 225 235 415 425 435 625 635 645 DDP-24 DDP-1l6 DDP-124 DDP-224 DDP-516 H-120 H-200 SOLID STATE? Y Y y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y semi Y Y y Y y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y y Y Y y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y y Y Y Y Y Y Y AVERAGE MONTHLY RENTAL $3850 $4200 $4400 $5600 $9000 $15,000 $1000 $2495 $1495 $2000 $2400 $2680 $3000 $4000 $7000 $4600 $14,000 $875 $2800 $4200 $3750 $7000 $6500 $10,000 $5000 $14,000 $22,000 $33,000 $200,000 $1600 $15,500 $725 $1300 $1875 $2100/$5000/$12,000 $11,000 $45,000 $4000 $11,000 $14,000 $15,000 $25,000 $30,000 $58.000 $60,000 $50,000 $85,000 $130 000 $900 $3400 $1700 $900 $10,000 $1300 $525; $300 $1000 $9000 $1820 $12.000 $1800 $2900 $16,000 $6000 $8000 $10,900 $9600 $18,000 $25,000 $50,000 $56,000 $90 000 $2500 $900 $2050 $3300 $700 $3900 $8400 DATE OF FI RST INSTALLATION 4/62 12/63 4/65 7/65 2/66 10/65 11/66 11/58 6/61 10/61 5/64 8/63 3/59 12/60 12/63 1/54 10/58 1/56 8/64 11/61 11/62 7/62 7/62 7/65 1/67 5/67 3/63 2/68 2/67 7/55 4/61 12/62 9/56 1/61 5/60;7/61;3/64 8/61 1/60 5/66 12/64 5/64 9/65 11/64 9/67 6/63 2/66 5/66 8/64 4/67 11/65 11/60 8/62 9/63 10/64 11/64 4/65 12/66 7/67 2/54 6/65 12/65 6/64 7/59 9/63 4/61 4/64 5/64 6/64 9/65 4/65 5/65 7/66 5/63 4/65 3/66 3/65 9/66 1/66 3/64 NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS 25 7 13 8 6 5 3 35 7 160 29 15 35 30 20 42 34 122 172 84 231 165 128 135 o o 61 o o 295 25 160 136 65 461 29 59 23 85 66 50 19 o 45 15 12 21 o 38 60 57 116 23 110 610 1 o 14 13 260 44 48 54 203 70 205 85 32 20 18 2 88 148 27 50 10 360 1020 NUMBER OF UNFILLED ORDERS o o 5 6 6 6 21 x X 2 40 X X X X X X X 12 1 2 3 5 78 45 30 11 11 2 X X X X X 2 X X 105 36 X 52 X 7 X 13 20 18 4 25 X X X 2 30 520 60 7 X 9 540 X X X X 2 55 44 17 16 17 10 3 30 38 9 90 300 150 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1')(,7 NAME OF MANUFACTURER (cont'd) Honeywell IBM National Cash Register Co. Philco Radio Corporation of America Raytheon Scientific Control Corporation Scientific Data Systems Inc. Systems Engineering Labs UNIVAC SOLID NAME OF COMPUTER STATE? H-400 Y H-800 Y H-1200 Y H-1400 Y H-1800 Y H-2200 Y H-4200 Y H-8200 Y DATA-matic 1000 N 305 N Y 360/20 Y 360/30 Y 360/40 Y 360/44 Y 360/50 Y 360/62 Y 360/65 Y 360/67 Y 360/75 Y 360/90 Seri es 650 N 1130 Y Y 1401 1401-G Y 1410 Y 1440 Y 1460 Y Y 1620 I, II Y 1800 701 N 7010 Y 702 N 7030 Y 704 N y .7040 7044 Y 705 N y 7070, 2, 4 y 7080 709 N y 7090 y 7094 7094 II Y NCR - 304 Y NCR - 310 Y Y NCR - 315 NCR - 315-RMC Y Y NCR - 390 NCR - 500 Y 1000 Y 2000-210, 211 Y 2000-212 Y RCA 301 Y RCA 3301 Y y RCA 501 RCA 601 Y y Spectra 70/15 Y Spectra 70/25 Spectra 70/35 Y Y Spectra 70/45 Y S~ectra 70/55 y 250 y 440 520 Y y 650 Y 655 660 Y 670 Y SDS-92 Y SDS-91O Y SDS-920 Y SDS-925 Y y SDS-930 SDS-940 Y SDS-9300 Y Y Sigma 2 Sigma 7 Y SEL-81O/810A Y Y SEL-840/840A I & II N y III File Computers N Solid-Sta te 80 I, II, y 90 I, IT & Step 418 Y 490 Series Y 1004 Y 1005 Y 1050 Y 1100 Series (except 1107) N 1107 Y 1108 Y 9200 Y 9300 Y LARC Y AVERAGE MONTHLY RENTAL $8500 $28,000 $8000 $14,000 $42,000 $12,000 $20,500 $35,000 ~40 000 $3600 $2000 $7500 $15,000 $10,000 $26,000 $55,000 $50,000 $75,000 $78,000 $140,000 $4800 $1200 $6600 $2300 $14,200 $4800 $11,500 $4000 $7600 $5000 $22,600 $6900 $160,000 $32,000 $22,000 $32,000 $38,000 $27,000 $55,000 $40,000 $63,500 $72,500 F8500 $14,000 $2500 $8500 $12,000 $1850 ~1:100 $7010 $40,000 52 000 7000 $17,000 $14,000 $35,000 $4100 $6700 $10,400 $17,400 ~40,500 $1200 $3500 ~3200 $500 $1800 $2000 2600 $1500 $2000 $2900 $3000 $3400 $10,000 $7000 $1000 ~12,000 $1000 ~1400 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $8000 $11,000 $35,000 $1900 $2400 $8000 $35,000 $55,000 $65,000 $1500 $3400 ~135 000 NUMBER OF DATE OF FI RST INSTALLATION INSTALLATIONS 12/61 115 89 12/60 68 2/66 12 1/64 21 1/64 22 1/66 0 3/67 0 3/68 2 12/57 138 12/57 1300 12/65 2750 5/65 1450 4/65 24 7/66 150 8/65 1 11/65 32 11/65 6 10/66 17 2/66 0 6/67 170 11/54 1000 11/65 7650 9/60 1620 5/64 805 11/61 3400 1/63 1760 10/63 1670 9/60 120 1/66 1 4/53 215 10/63 6 2/55 6 5/61 31 12/55 120 6/63 127 6/63 52 11/55 322 3/60 85 8/61 9 8/58 45 11/59 115 9/62 130 4/64 25 1/60 10 5/61 390 5/62 36· 9/65 725 5/61 900 10/65 16 6/63 16 10/50 12 1 63 2 61 644 69 7/64 96 6/59 5 11/62 78 9/65 45 9/65 18 7/66 24 11/65 0 1/67 175 12/60 16 3/64 22 10/65 3 5/66 0 10/66 6 10/65 1 5 66 4 65 73 188 8/62 140 9/62 32 12/64 137 6/64 9 4/66 33 11/64 2 12/66 2 12/66 30 9/65 4 11/65 24 3/51 & 11/57 75 8/62 16 8/56 8/58 6/63 12/61 2/63 4/66 9/63 12/50 10/62 9/65 6/67 6/67 5/60 TOTALS NUMBER OF UNFILLED ORDERS X 1 100 X 1 64 10 3 X X 6400 4450 1500 150 590 X 220 56 35 10 X 4500 X X 65 90 X 20 320 X 6 X X X 4 5 X X X X X 2 4 X X 145 43 25 850 X X X 2 5 X X 100 55 100 95 12 X 3 6 7 2 2 2 20 6 8 8 12 9 5 190 25 8 8 X X X 238 100 115 3200 490 295 X 35 52 50 200 35 10 35 34 0 0 2 41,196 X X 68 800 250 X 24,366 X = no longer in production. • To avoid double counting, note that the Control Data 160 serves as the central processor of the NCR 310. Also, customers ordering a new computer model intended to replace a computer model in the same product line may continue to use their current peripheral equipment, which can account for 30-70""; of the value of the total computer system. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 YJ NEW PATENTS From a buffer to an interface slstenl... DmC makes a ',node) for CODlputer application! (~Vel·y A-D /D-A trol Logic-Large MultiChannel 50 KC A-D multiplexer - Buffer Register ... and . .. Input Request. These are but a part of the powerful problem solvers working for you between the computer and its analog inputs. Raymond R. Skolnick Patent Manager Ford Instrument Co. Div. of Sperry Rand Corp. Long Island City, N.Y. 11101 The following is a compilation of patents pertaining to computers and associated equipment from the "Official Gazette of the U. S. Patent Office," dates of issue as indicated. Each entry consists of: patent number / inventor (s) / assignee / invention. Printed copies of patents may be obtained from the U. S. Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 20231, at a cost of 50 cents each. You eVen get an· .. INACK!! MODEL IS 1108 What's your problem' . . . partner? If it has to do with computer interfacing equipment . . . chances are DmC has already solved it with its IS 1 1 08 system. Help your 1108 or other computer to precisely specify WHEN to convert, WHICH of the 64 channels to convert and, HOW many high speed conversions to make . . . among others. Think what you can do with this superb Con- WHAT'S AN INACK?? Just the finest Input Acknowledgement that confirms that the input data is of the pure strain variety and fully acceptable for your computer: Our staff knows of this ad and is ready to accept all offers. Offers to be challenged that is . . . on solving your problem. So ... challenge them. The solution to your computer interfacing problem may be closer than you think. While you are intellectually probing our engineering staff, ask them to send you some data on this equipment ... it's free for the asking. Chances are you will learn something new! DATAMETRICS CORP. 8217 Lankershim Blvd. No. Hollywood, Calif. 91605 (213) 767·9811 ( Continued) 3,284,644 / Keith Henry Dormer, Harrisburg, and Charles Thomas Wyrick, Camp Hill, Pa. / assignors to AMP Inc. / Driver Circuit For Magnetic Core Device. '3,284,772 / Robert M. Stewart, Los Angeles, Calif. / assignor to Spa're-General Corp. / Data Correlation Apparatus Employing Cathode-Ray Tube Input and Variable Resistance Data Storage and Comparison. 3,284,773 -/ Joseph John Saykay, Sea Cliff, N.V. / assignor to Fairchiid Camera and Instrument Corp. / Magnetic Coding Apparatus. 3,284,774 / Eugene Leonard. Sands Point, Edward M. Richards, East Northport, Miles Skrivanek. Jr., Glenwood Landing, Edgar Wolf, Floral Park, and Marvin Shapiro, Huntington, N.V. / assignors to Digitronics Corp. / Information Transfer System. _~,284,775 / Ralph]. Koerner, Canoga Park, and Samuel Nissim, Pacific Palisades, Calif. / assignors, by mesne assignments to the Bunker-Ramo Corp. I Content Addressable Memory. 3,284780 / Genung L. Clapper, Vestal, N.V. / assignor to International Business Machines Corp. / Adaptive Logic System. 3,284,781 / Shigeru Takahashi. Tokyo, Japan / assignor to Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan / Semi-Permanent Memory Device. 3,284.782 / .Tos~ph R. Burns, Trenton, N.]. / assignor to RCA / Memory Storage System. November 15, 1966 Designate No. 6 on Reader Service Card Our Eastern Field Office is represented by the Ray Howden Co. 909 Oakland Avenue, Columbus/Ohio 43224/(614) 267-9251 60 November 8, 1966 3,286083 / Gunnar Nielsen. Johnson City, N.V. / assignor to IBM Corp. / Information Storage System. 3,286,235 / Robert S. Sinn, Seaside Park, N.]. / assignor to Ultronic Systems Corp. / Information Storage System. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 19()'! November 22, 1966 FlClElI~~i "GIBSON GIRL"® PERFORATED TAPE SPLICER ••• Clean, quick splicing without losing a code. "Gibson Girl" trim prevents jam·ups. Pre·cut pressure sensi~ive Patches for strong splices. Write for Catalogue. SEND US YOUR DATA PROBLEMS. F=ic:lE3INS DATA DEVICES, INC. Subsidiary of Robins Industries Corp. , FLUSHING, N. Y. 11356 Designate NQ. 11 on Reader Service Card UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COMPUTER RESEARCH CENTER The University of Missouri Computer Center has immediate openings for System, Mathematical and Statistical Analysts on a permanent basis. A major expansion of existing computer facilities, to include one of the largest multiprocessing, time share systems planned in the midwest, will create exceptional opportunities for qualified personnel; pI us the opportunity to add substantially as consultants on major research projects. Publications of technical papers encouraged. Benefits include basic retirement, health plans and opportunities for educational advancement. Salaries competitive with industry. Interested personnel with minimum of B.S. or B.A. in Physics, Engineering, Math or Statistics plus two years experience are invited to submit resume, including salary information to: Dr. Roy F. Keller Professional Building Computer Research Center University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 3,287,698 / Theodore Sapino, Framingham, Mass. / ass;~nor to Honeywell Inc. / Data Handling- Apparatus. 3,287,700 / Thomas Harold Flowers, London, Enr:land / assignor to Her Majesty's Postmaster General, London, England / Core Matrix Having Input and Output Lines Connected In a Priority Arrangement. 3,287,702 / Walter C. Borck, Jr., Arbutus, and Robert C. McReynolds, North Linthicum, Md. / assignors to Westinghouse Electric Corp. / Computer Control. 3,287,703 / Daniel L. Slotnick, Baltimere, .Md. / assignor to Westinghouse Electric Corp. / Computer. 3,287.707 / 'GerciJd Horace Perry and Sydney John Widdows, Malvern, England / assi!Snors, by mesne assignments, to IBM Corp. / Magnetic Storage Devices. 3,287,708 / .Tohn R. Anderson. Los Altos, Calif., and Richard M. Clinehens, Dayton. Ohio / assignors to the National Cash Register Co. / Magnetic Data Storage Devices. 3,287.709 / Eric W. Moulton, Malibu, Calif. / assignor to Avco Corp. / High Speed Memory. 3,289,180 / William Albert Edward Loughhead, Beeston. Nottingham, England / assi~nor to Ericsson Telephones Limited, Beeston, Nottingham, England / Magnetic Core Matrices. 3,289,181 / Albert Zaretsky, Brooklyn, and Ottavio C. Cataldo, East Northport, N.Y. / assignors to American Bosch Arma Corp. / Multiaperture Core Memory Matrix. 3,289,182 / James C. Suits, Mount Kisco, N.Y'. / assignor to IBM Corp. / Magnetic Memory. 3,289,184 / Douglas M. Brewn, Bronx, N.Y. / assignor to Sperry Rand Corp. / Magnetic Core Memory Readout. 3,289,186 / George F. Bland, White Plains. N.Y. / assignor to IBM Corp. / Low-Noise Memory. 3,289.179 / Robert F. Elfant, Yorktown Heights, and Kurt R. Grebe, Beacon, N.Y. / assignors to IBM Corp. / Magnetic Memory. Computer Program Design (Southern California) HUGHES Guidance and Controls Division has several openings for qualified persons who have the ability to create complex digital computer programs-and the desire to do the job thoroughly and efficiently. Satisfaction of current commitments on such systems as: PHOENIX. IRAM. VATE and ASG-18 requires experience in the design of real-time command and control programs. or of software programs for execution on an IBM 7094 or GE 635 computer. Responsibilities include: specification, design, implementation, checkout and support of computer programs for a Wide variety of applications including: • Airborne Navigation & Fire Control • Digital Simulation of Airborne Computer and its environment • Automatic In-Flight & Depot System Testing • Assemblers & Compilers • Automation of Electronic Equipment Design Requires: an accredited degree in Engineering or Mathematics, a minimum of three years of professional experience and U.S. citizenship. Please airmail your resume to: Mr. Robert A. Martin Head of Employment HUGHES Aerospace Divisions 11940 W. Jefferson Blvd. Culver City· '7, California r------------------, I I :L __________________ HUGHES:J I I HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY AEROSPACE DIVISIONS November 29, 1966 3,288919 / Henry H. Abbott and Renata D. Fracassi, Middletown, Edward G. Hughes. Leonardo, and Chester W. Lonnquist. Eatontown. N.J, / assi~nors to Bell Telephone Lab. / Data Transmission System. 3,288,985 / George Richard Hoffman, Sale, and Peter Lumsden Jones, BramhalL Stockport, England / assignors to National Research Development Corp., Lond'm, England / Digital Information Storage Apparatus. 3,289.010 / James R. Ba('on, Philadelphia, and George H. Barnes, West Chester. Pa. / assignors to Burroughs Corp. / Shift Register. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 An equal opportunity employer - M & F 61 C&A CLASSIFIED COLUMN Use economical C&A Classified Ads to buy or sell your computer and data processing equipment, to offer services to the industry, to offer new business opportunities, to seek new positions or to fill job vacancies, etc. Rates for Classified Ads: 909 per word - minimum, 20 words. First line all capitals - no charge. WANTED - Blind Ads: Box Numbers acceptable at $4.00 additional to cover costs of handling and postage. Send copy to: Computers and Automation, 815 Washington Street, Newtonville, Mass. 02160. Telephone: 617 -332-5453. Deadline for Classified Ads is the 10th of the month preceding issue. FOR CASH USED I.B.M. COMPUTER SYSTEMS, EDP & ACCOUNTING MACHINES IBM Model #1401, 1410, 1440, 7070. UNIVAC Model #1, 11, 11l. SORTERS: #101, 108, 082, 083, 084. KEY PUNCHES: #024, 026, 046, 047, 063. VERIFIERS: #056, REPRODUCERS: #519. COLLA TORS: #077, 085, 086, 087, 088. READERS: #1412, 1418, 1419, 1428. INTERPRETERS: #552, 548, 557. TABULATORS: Model #402, 403, 407. TAPE DRIVES: #727, 729, 7330. BURROUGHS SENSIMATICS: #F1501, F1503. BURROUGHS TELLER MACHINES: #10-10-383. NCR: #31-10-10,32-10-10,33-1488-10. BRANDT COIN CHANGERS: #60, 100, 250. ADVISE COMPLETE CONFIGURATIONS, MODEL & SERIALS FOR QUOTATIONS L A PEARL CO • • • 801 Second Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 Phone: 212-679-6535 Designate No. lOon Readers Service Card IBM DATA PROCESSING TAB equipment at a SACRIFICE: One Model 077 Collator Three Model 082 Sorters Two Model 402 Accounting Machines One Model 514 Reproducer One Model 024 Numeric Punch Two Model 523 Gang Summary Punches J. FARLEY COMPANY 2033 Park Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48226 Phone: Area Code 313 961-6003 SYSTEMS/PROGRAMMING MANAGER for national company located in Princeton, New Jersey area. Plan, coordinate, schedule & supervise staff of 10 systems analysts & programmers implementing 360 CCAP real-time message-switching system & commercial applications. Requires college degree & at least 5 years programming & systems experience, including commercial applications. Teleprocessing experience desirable. Please send complete resume including salary requirements in confidence to: Box #240. An Equal Opportunity Employer ·~VF ADVERTISING INDEX Following is the index of advertisements. Each item contains: Name and address of the advertiser / page number where the advertisement appears / name of agency if any. Acme Visible Records, Inc., 8702 West Allview Drive, Crozet, Va. 22932 / Page 21 / Cargill Wilson and Acree Inc. Bryant Computer Products, Div. of Ex-CeU-O Corp., 850 Ladd Rd., Walled Lake, Mich. 48088 / Pages 8, 9 / Campbell-Ewald Co. Burroughs Corp., 6071 Second Blvd., Detroit, Mich. 48232 / Page 4 / Campbell-Ewald Co. Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp., 360 Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena, Calif. 91109 / Page 21 / Hixson & Jorgensen, Inc. Datametrics Corp., 8217 Lankershim Blvd., No. Hollywood, Calif. 91605 / Page 60 / Soltys Associates Digital Equipment Corp., 146 Main St., Maymrd, Mass. 01754 / Page 3 / Kalb & Schneider General Electric Co., 511 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19123 / Page 63 / Deutsch & Shea Hughes Aircraft Co., 11910 W. Jefferson Blvd. , Culver City, Calif. 90230 / Page 61 / Foote, Cone & Belding 62 International Business Machines Corp., Data Processing Div., White Plains, N. Y. / Pages 38, 39 / Marsteller Inc. Memorex Corp., 213 Memorex Park, Santa Clara, Calif. 95050 / Pages 32, 33 / Hoefer, Dieterich & Brown Inc. L. A. Pearl, Co., 801 Second Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017 / Page 62 / -Randolph Computer Corp., 200 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017 / Page 54 / Albert A. Kohler Co., Inc. Robins Data Devices, Inc., Flushing, N. Y. 11356 / Page 61 / Post Designs, Inc. Sanders Associates, Inc., Nashua, New Hampshire / Page 64 / Deutsch & Shea, Inc. Scientific Data Systems, 1649 17th St., Santa Monica, Calif. / Pages 16, 17 / Doyle, Dane, Bernbach, Inc. URS Corporation, 1811 Trousdale Dr., Burlingame, Calif. / Page 55 / Hal Lawrence Inc. Univac Div. of Sperry Rand Corp., 2750 W. 7th Blvd., St. Paul, Minn. 55116 / Pages 56, 57 / Daniel and Charles, Inc. University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. / Page 61 / -- COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for February, 1967 When high performance peripheral equipment means a whole new ball game in the computer field can you afford not b to e on th e winning te am? ,J When the product you're developing has everything it takes to be a real winner, you know it. Like they knew it back in 1959 in the copier field. Like we, in the computer equipment field, know it today. And what we know is that the peripherals we're working on 'are so good they can • be expected to increase the utilization of computers by a significantly larger factor. If that's exciting news filled with tremendous portents of growth and success, it's nothing to the excitement of actually working here right now. Because here, to a truly exceptional degree, you'll have the opportunity to be genuinely creative ... to go through entire product cydes with state-of-the-art products ... to work toward There are immediate openings at Senior, Intermediate and Junior levels: MECHANICAL ENGINEERS For Senior positions an advanced degree in Mechanical Engineering is preferred coupled with at least 5 years' experience in product development of computer input/output devices, e.g. high speed printers and punched card form handling equipment. Experience in high speed automatic machinery utilizing advanced techniques is acceptable. specific plans and objectives that you yourself help generate ... to circulate freely in a small, closely knit organization made up of highly innovative people from a wide spectrum of technical disciplines and to make contributions in not one, but many areas. • In fact, here, you're likely to develop a high degree of familiarity with everything from high speed integrated circuit buffers to high speed paper handling. • So if you'd like to be on the winning team, working with the already successful product-oriented commercial business that's about to put the computer peripheral equipment field in a new ball park, why not look over our jobs and then drop us a copy of your resume. Additional openings for ME's with 2-4 years spent in automatic machine design (some background in product development preferred). Also, positions for junior Mechanical Engineers with up to 2 years' engineering experience and a definite interest in product development. SENIOR SYSTEMS DESIGN ENGINEERS, EEs, MEs. Advanced development; component design and analysis; product performance improvement; reliability analysis; customer proposal. APPLIED PHYSICISTS, DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS, MATERIALS CHEMISTS Diverse openings for advanced degree holders with at least 5 years' experience in design and construction of experimental devices including test and measurement. A proven record of accomplishment is required. Please write or call collect (215) WA 3-4251, Mr. Robert Lipp at General Electric Co., Printer Reader Business Section, Room 33B, 511 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19123. PRINTER READER BUSINESS SECTION GENERAL. ELECTRIC An equal opportunity employer M/F Designate No. 8 on Readers Service Card Then you may wish to consider helping program a major EDP management information system at Sanders Associates, Inc. Here, we're applying new, sophisticated systems techniques to problems in manufacturing, engineering, finance and control, and marketing. And the programming is done for the latest in 3rd generation hardware. Who is Sanders? One of the most advanced defense systems houses in the nation, with products ranging from long· range communications through electronic countermeasures, to ASW equipment, data display devices, lasers and flexible circuitry. nd your resume, in complete confidence, to Mr. W. D. Hobden, Dept. 360 SANDERSASSOC~TES INC. NEW DIRECTIONS IN ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS An Equal Opportun.ity Employer (M&F) Nashua, New Hampshire
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