197107

197107 197107

User Manual: 197107

Open the PDF directly: View PDF .
Page Count: 68

Download
Open PDF In Browser	View PDF

SCIENCE & ~€HNO[OCY

July, 1971
Vol. 20, No.7

Computer
perfecting
rough
sketches

IN THIS ISSUE:

W. M. Aydelotte

Communications Message Switching
Better Diagnosis and Treatment by Computer
Computers Enter the Busing Controversy
Responsibility

Dr. A. E. Casey
R. L. Glass
- - Sir John Wall

--------------- -----PERIODICALS SEC 1263399045
0104
180 W SAN CARLOS ST
*01211
SAN JOSE CA
95113

The New York Times and
Computers and Automation
have published a practical guide to

the most elusive components In
computers and data processing ...

Who they are ...
What they do ...
Where they do it ...
Until now, it has been well-nigh impossible to keep track of the thousands of highly skilled professionals
~ngaged in the world's fastest growmg profession.
The painstaking task required to inventory the qualifications and backgrounds
of the 15,000 "most necessary" professionals in every branch of the computer field has been accomplished. The
oldest magazine in the field, Computers
and Automation, and the information
retrieval services of The New York
Times have pooled their resources to
produce the Fifth Edition of

WHO'S WHO IN
COMPUTERS AND
DATA PROCESSING
This is the most extensive register of
computer professionals ever published.
It is arranged in three volumes:
1. Systems Analysts and Programmers
2. Data Processing Managers and
Directors
3. Other Computer Professionals
(from professors of computer science to attorneys versed in the
computer field)
Each volume has an index to the entire
set of entries.
Each computer specialist has a capsule
biography detailing: Birth Date . ..
Education . .. Year Entered Computer
Field . .. Title . .. Honors . .. Memberships . .. Special Skills (from applications to logic to sales) ...

PLUS both home and business addresses. For example:
CHAPIN, Ned I consultant I born: 1927 I
educ: PhD, lIT; MBA, Univ of Chicago I
entered computer field: 1954 I main interests: applications, business, logic, management, programming, systems, data
structures I title: data processing consultant I organization: InfoSci Inc, Box 464,
Menlo Park, CA 94025 I publications,
honors: 3 books, over 50 papers; member,
over 12 associations; COP; lecturer for
ACM I home address: 1190 Bellair Way,
Menlo Park, CA 94025

This reference is particularly useful for:
personnel managers; employers; recruiting organizations; libraries; conference
planners; directors of computer installations; ... anyone who needs to keep up
with the important people in the field.

FIFTH EDITION - Over 1000 pages
The coupon below will bring you the 3volume set at the price of $75. There is
no risk involved. 10-Day Free Examination.

WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS
AND DATA PROCESSING
Edited by Edmund C. Berkeley
3 volumes in durable hard-cover
bindings
Retail price $75 the set

I---------(may be copied on any piece of paper) - - - - - - - - ,

1 Who's Who in Computers and Data Processing,
1 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160

I, ( ) Please send the 3-volume set WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA
(
(

PROCESSING at $75. You will bill me after delivery and I may return
the set within 10 days if not fully satisfied.
) Please make this order a standing order for the 5th and later editions - so '
that I will receive all updating supplements free automatically.
) I have already bought the 5th Edition. Please change my record of purchase to a standing order, and send me Supplement 1 FREE.
NAME
TITLE
ORGANIZATION
ADDRESS
CITY
YOUR SIGNATURE

STATE&ZIP
P.O. # (IF COMPANY ORDER)

.
'
L _______________________

______ 1
~

DO YOU WANT TO

PREVENT MISTAI(ES BEFORE THEY HAPPEN?
- avoid pitfalls?
- find new paths around old obstacles?
- apply in practical situations the observations and
wisdom of great scientists and wise men?
- stimulate your resourcefulness?

- see new solutions to old problems?
- distinguish between sense and nonsense?
increase your accomplishments?
- improve your capacities?

IF SO, TRY
The C&A Notebool{. on

COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED
devoted to research, development, exposition, and illustration of one of the most important
of all branches of knowledge, i. e. the subject of WHAT IS GENERALLY TRUE AND IMPORTANT

Common Sense + Wisdom + Judgment + Maturity + Science in General + Problem Solving Techniques +
Methods for Avoiding Mistakes + Some Operations Research + Some Systems Analysis + ................ .

Editor: Edmund C. Berkeley, author, businessman,
actuary, scientist, computer professional
first secretary of the Association for
Computing Machinery 1947-53, editor
of Computers and Automation.

THE FIRST SIX ISSUES ARE FREE - see the coupon THE NEXT TEN ISSUES ARE:

I True Conclusions
lementary and Advanced
)verbs
leration

RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFI
IF NOT SATISFACTORY-

Jnderstand
, any Field of Knowledge

WHY NOT TAKE A LOOK?
...... HOW CAN YOU LOSE?

To:

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMA'
815 Washington St., R3, Ne\1
$12 a year,

YES, please enter m:
24 issues (newsletter

Please send me (as 1:
1. Right Answers 2. The Empty Colun
3. The Golden Tru~,
4. Strategy in ChE
5. The Barrels an
6. The Argument (

~e bill my organization

I enclose $_ _ __
Name,_____________
Organization._ _ _ _ _ _ ___
Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
City___________________

L _ Signature.
_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

San Jose
Public Library
FOR OVERTIME A CHARGE OF 5 CENTS A DAY
Careful usage of books is expeoted and any soiling
damage or 108s is to be paid for by the borrower. '

Zip._________
I

1- - - - - - - - - -

Vol. 20, No. 7
July, 1971
The magazine of the design, applications, and implications
of information processing systems.

Editor

Edmund C. Berkeley

/lJSistant Editors

Linda Ladd Lovett
Neil D. Macdonald

Software Editor

Stewart B. Nelson

AdtJertisillg
Directm'

Edmund C. Berkeley

/ll't Directors
Contributing
Editors

Advisory
Committee

Edhot'ialOffices

Advertising
Contact

Computer Professionals
29

Ray W. Hass
Daniel T. Langdale

2
John Bennett
Moses M. Berlin
Andrew D. Booth
John W. Carr 111
Ned Chapin
Alston S. Householder
Leslie Mezei
Ted Schoeters
Richard E. Sprague

THE PUBLISHER
Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.
815 Washington St.,
Newtonville, Mass. 02160
617-332-5453

[R]

WHO'S WHO ANNOUNCEMENT

Computer Systems
8

COMMUNICATIONS MESSAGE SWITCHING - AN ANALYSIS

[A]

by Walter M. Aydelotte, RCA Information Systems
Division, Camden, N. J.
How to organize the switching of communications of data
between remote business locations, and how to use delay in

James J. Cryan
Alston S. Householder
Bernard Quint

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.
815 Washington St.,
Newtonville, Mass. 02160
617-332-5453

WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING
Edition 5, Supplement 1, Part 2, HOM to ZUS
Updating information for all three volumes of the Fifth
Edition, last names beginning HOM to ZUS.

transmission to great advantage.

[A]
COMPUTERS ENTER THE BUSING CONTROVERSY
by Robert L. Glass, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
Designing a school busing plan in Seattle, so as to implement
decisions about assigning students to schools.

PRODUCING COMPUTER LETTERS
[A]
FROM NAME AND ADDRESS FILES
by Byron J. Koch, Claretian Fathers, Chicago, III.
Ways of having the computer produce sense and not nonsense
when preparing computer letters.

Computers and Medicine
14

HIPPOCRATES REVERSED BY COMPUTER: BETTER
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT WITH REDUCED COSTS

[A]

by Dr. Albert E. Casey, Memorial Institute of Pathology,
Computers and Automation is published monthly
(except two issues in June) at 815 Washington
St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, by Berkeley Enterprises, Inco Printed in U.S.A.
Subscription rates: United States, 11 monthly
issues and two issues in June (one of which
is a directory issue) - $18.50 for 1 year, $36.00
for 2 years; 12 monthly issues (without directory
issue in June) - $9.50 for 1 yeari $18.00 for
2 years. Canada, add 50¢ a year for postage;
foreign, add $3.50 a year for postage. Address
all U.S. subscription mail to: Berkeley Enterprises,
Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass.
02160. Second Class Postage paid at Boston, Mass.
Postmaster:.Please send all forms 3579 to Berkeley
Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville,
Mass. 02160. © Copyright 1971, by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. '
Change of address: If your uddress changes,
please send us both your new address and your old
address (as it appears on the magazine address
imprint),and allow three weeks for the change to
be made.

Birmingham, Ala.
How the computer can efficiently change the practice of
medicine from an effort to cure disease, to an effort to
prevent disea:;e.

Computers and Society
24

[A]
RESPONSI BI L1TY
by Sir John Wall, International Computers Ltd., London, England
Industrial selfishness, commercial myopia, national technological
independence, "information pollution" from the computer industry, etc. - and what might be done about it.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Computers and Common Sense
6

PREVENTING MISTAKES FROM FAILURE TO UNDERSTAND [E]
by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation
Dealing with mistakes which are due to failure to know the
correlation or cause; and how computers might be used to
keep problems in appropriate focus.

THE C&A NOTEBOOK ON
COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED

[R]

Front Cover Picture

Computers, Science, and Assassinations
51

THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND
THE NEW YORK TIMES

[A]

by Samuel F. Thurston, President, Responsive Information
Systems, Newton, Mass.
The issue of systematic suppression of questions about the
assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and a hypothesis.

A computer at Mass. Inst. of Technology takes in a rough sketch drawn
by a man on a "data tablet", and instead of reproducing the sketch with
its imperfections, the computer interprets the man's "intentions" and displays a more perfect drawing on the
screen. For more information, see
page 63.

NOTICE

Forum and Golden Trumpet
57

Mankind's Prospects Over the Next Ten Years, by Arnold Toynbee

The Predicament of the Computer Professional, by Joanne Schaefer [F]

Hitch-Hiker Arrested Via Routine Check With
National Crime Information Center

[F]

Computers in Literature, by Leslie Mezei

[G]

New Computer Started 1% Years of Woe, by Lyndon Watkins

[F]

Data Banks and Criminal Intelligence Systems, by Robert Kahn

[F]

Large Market and Fierce Competition is Forecast
for the Business of Minicomputers
by John R. Musgrave, Auerbach Corp.

* D ON YOUR ADDRESS IMPRINT
MEANS THAT YOUR SUBSCRIPTION INCLUDES THE COMPUTER
DIRECTORY. * N
MEANS THAT
YOUR
PRESENT
SUBSCRIPTION
DOES NOT INCLUDE THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY.

[G]

Departmen ts

Size Shrinkage of Computers
by E. E. Bolles, The Bunker Ramo Corp.

Computer Fair in Japan in October 1970 Nets $2.5 Million in
U. S. Sales - Spurs Second Fair in Munich, November 30, 1971

, [F]
[F]

[F]

"Not Understanding a Computer" - Comment, by John E. Douglas [G]

Association of Data Processing Service Organizations vs. Controller
of the Currency and American National Bank of St. Paul

Numble Challenges, Given and Returned
by Robert R. Weden and the Editor

[G]
[F]

Across the Editor's Desk
Applications
Education News
Research Frontier
Miscellaneous
Advertising Index
Book Review
Calendar of Coming
Events
Correction
Monthly Computer
Census
New Contracts
New Installations

61
61
62
63
63
69
69
70
23
66
64
65

Key
[A] - Article

Computers and Puzzles
[E) - Editorial
17

Numbles, by Neil Macdonald
[F) - Readers' Forum

Problem Corner, by Walter Penney, COP

[G) - The Golden Trumpet
[R] - Reference Information

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

EDITORIAL

Preventing Mistakes from Failure to Understand
1. The Causes of Mistakes
From the point of view of causes, there are many classes
of mistakes. Some are caused by forgetting. You leave a pan
heating on the stove intending to return in a few minutes;
but you forget, and when you do return, the water has
boiled away, the pan is almost red hot, and its contents are
charred rubbish. Other mistakes are caused by carelessness.
A mother leaves a bottle of aspirin too low on a shelf over
the washbowl; and she finds her inquisitive and experimental three-year old child ill from having taken several
pills "like Mummy does."
2. Failure to Understand
But let us consider the class of mistakes that are caused
by failure to understand. These are alluded to in statements
like these:
• I did not know the gun was loaded;
• The Romans did not know that the lead water
pipes they used in their houses would produce lead
poisoning;
• Ignorance of the law is no excuse;
• Those who do not learn from the whippings of
Na ture are condemned to be whipped again and
again.
One of the saddest examples of a mistake caused by a
failure to understand that I can remember from my life was
the case of a young man, Bill Fitzgerald, who worked with
me at the time of my first job about forty years ago. One
day we heard Bill had indigestion, and could not come
to work. A day or so later we heard that his appendix had
ruptured, and he was in a high fever. Three days later he
was dead. We found out that his mother had not understood the nature of his illness; she had given him a "good
dose of castor oil", and that had caused his appendix to
rupture.
3. Tentativeness vs. Positiveness
One of the most important requirements for preventing
mistakes is to remind oneself that human beings do not
know very much, and that a great deal of what passes for
knowledge in anyone year or decade is tentative, and
depends on the fashions of the times and the rituals
associated with authorities.
If we compare what human beings think they know
nowadays with what human beings thought they knew a
hundred years ago, we see great changes. Among these are
the following:
1. Why the Sun Gives Light and Heat. Currently: The
sun is a nuclear furnace like a hydrogen bomb converting
hydrogen into helium; the supply of hydrogen will be
6

exhausted about ten billion years from now. Previously: It
was easy to calculate that if the sun were all coal, and were
burning it, the supply would last three days; but nobody
knew how the sun continued year after year.
2. Flying in Machines Heavier t.han Air. Currently: Jet
planes on commercial schedules carry people to any place
on earth at a speed of about 600 miles per hour. Previously:
As late as the end of the nineteen hundreds, many authorities and learned men asserted that it would always be
impossible for a machine heavier than air to carry human
beings and fly.
3. Origin of Life. Currently: Many learned men consider
it possible that life originated on earth from chemicals
mixing in warm tidal pools, under an atmosphere that was
mainly hydrogen and methane, and full of thunderstorms.
Previously: It was maintained that all life originated from
prior life - and as to where life began, if it did, undoubtedly God arranged it.
There are many more examples.
Fundamentally, we do not have good ways for knowing
which of our current knowledge will still be accepted as
true a hundred years from now, and which will be discarded. In addition, there are many tentative theories put
forward by scientists which even the authors sprinkle with
question marks.
4. Observation, Comparison, and Experiment
Another important method for avoiding mistakes from
failure to understand is to observe, compare, and experiment. Actually, theoretical understanding, effective remedies, and preliminary guesses may be separated by centunes.
Take the history of malaria as an example.
Understanding. No human being knew its cause until in
1880 a young French physician, Charles L. A. Laveran,
working in Algeria, found in human red blood corpuscles of
malaria sufferers a microscopic organism which he called
"Plasmodium". No human being knew how malaria was
spread until 1897, when Ronald Ross, a British phYSician
working in India, found Plasmodium in the stomach of a
mosquito.
Effective Treatment. More than 200 years earlier (in
1630) a message was sent from some Jesuits in Peru to
Spain that in the Andes a tree had been found, the bark of
which cured malaria. This tree was eventually called
Cinchona, and in 1820 the active chemical named "quinine" was isolated from it by two French chemists.
Guesses. Even the· Romans found out a correlation
between marshes, nighttime, and malaria, and they improved public health by draining marshes. This correlation
led to the concept and the word "miasma", which accordCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

ing to the dictionary is "a vaporous exhalation formerly
believed to cause disease"; the word comes from a Greek
word "miainein", "to pollute". The word "malaria" came
into English in 1740 from the Italian "mala aria", "bad air".
The scientific method is essentially a refinement of the
method of observation, comparison, and experiment; the
scientific method includes the making of hypotheses, the
drawing of deductions, and systematic positive or negative
verification. But one can still accomplish a great deal with
just the method of observation, comparison, and experiment. For example, I know of no theory yet put forward
that explains scientifically how quinine (the key alkaloid
from the bark of the Peruvian tree) acts to cure malaria; but
the absence of this knowledge has not prevented modern
chemists from developing other similar drugs such as atabrine for treating malaria.
5. The Application of Computers to the Increase
of Understanding

Of course, in one sense, there has been a vast increase of
human knowledge in the last 70 years provided we interpret
this increase to mean the knowledge recorded in books,
scientific journals, laboratory reports, etc., deposited in the
storehouses of human culture, the libraries.
But we are rapidly outrunning the powers of any
individual human being:
• to keep in mind and even partially understand
many important aspects of the world in an unbiased way;
• to maintain the status of our various problems in
appropriate focus;
• to have and to maintain perspective.
Perhaps we can apply computers to this urgent task.
We might work out computer programs which would
calculate coefficients or weights to represent relative importance, as is done in a chess-playing computer program.
The programs might select items of knowledge for us to be
reminded of, in accordance with the calculated importance
of each item.
Then we might understand better, and make fewer
mistakes from failure to understand; we might be wiser and
apply more common sense, both elementary and advanced;
we might manage to deal better with our ever more
numerous problems, produced by an ever more crowded
and complicated society, squeezed together in an ever more
limited world - a world with more factors, more variables,
more "candy" to make us sick with, and more "dynamite"
to destroy us with.
As Ed Yourdon said in an article in our May issue:
Maybe the computers can save us after all.
It would be worth trying.

Edmund C. Berkeley
Editor
Note: An expanded discussion of "Preventing Mistakes From Failure to Understand" constitutes Issue No. 15 in The C&A Notebook
on Common Sense, Elementary and Advanced. See the announcement on page 3.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

cDrnr:!H~~!:i!
and people '
A Statement by the Editor
In September 195 1, "Computers and Automation" pu blished its first issue, seven purple-ditto pages long. It contained a list of 75 organizations with their names and addresses, and a few notes about each one, entitled "Roster of
Organizations in the Computing Machinery Field"; and that
was all. (That variant grew into our annual directory issue.)
Now, twenty years later, we are reaching a kind of stocktaking for C&A. What is the present function of C&A? and
what is C&A going to do about it?
What is the present mission of C&A?
First, to publish four or five articles a month that are factual, useful, understandable, and significant, dealing with the design, applications, and implications of computerized information sy stems.
Second, to publish certain news, data, census, and reference
information in the field of computers and data processing.
Third, to publish some articles and information (even if
computers are not mentioned) which may help computer professionals understand maj or problems of the United States and
the world, especially important problems where (a) understanding is difficult because of bias, deceptions, and lies, and (b) computers may be applied, now or eventually.
Finally, to be interesting, provocative, and disturbing - to
help readers think in unaccustomed ways.
We hope our magazine can exert influence in the computer
field to help computer professionals become more conscious
and more informed about their present and possible role in
society. "Computing machinery" (as a problem which is
largely solved) is drifting into the background; it is the software, the systems, and the applications to people's problems
that are becoming more important In fact, perhaps we should
change the name of our magazine to "Computers and Automation and People".
Why does "Computers and Automation" have almost no
advertising?
There seem to be three main reasons.
First, an advertiser likes to reach a lot of "the right people"
in regard to his products. So he regularly chooses for his advertising controlled-circulation trade magazines, which are sent
free and which cover the audience that he desires to reach.
Second, he does not like to have his advertising money diluted. So he is not very happy about providing copies of the
magazine to students, professors, legislators, Ralph Nader, or
other persons who logically are unlikely buyers of his products.
This is called "waste circulation". A paid-circulation trade
magazine which will provide copies of the magazine only to
those people who want it enough to pay for it places itself at
a competitive disadvantage.
Third, since there is an economic depression in the computer field, many advertising budgets have been dra~tically cut.
Will C&A continue to publish?
We shall continue to publish as long as the income from our
paid subscriptions PLUS negligible income from advertising
exceeds the expenses of publishing and,mailing the magazine.
And we welcome paid subscriptions from everybody who is
interested in what we are publishing.
7

COMMUNICATIONS MESSAGE SWITCHINGAN ANALYSIS
Walter M. Aydelotte
RCA
Information Systems Division
Camden, NJ 08101

"Historically, two basic approaches have been utilized to switch data communications traffic. There have been many variations of these two techniques and
several hybrid combinations, varying from entirely manual operation to entirely
automatic operation. "

In today's highly competitive business climate, an ever
increasing volume of information is required for successful
business operation and management. This inform-ation frequently must be transferred between widely separated
geographical locations within a time frame that is meaningful to the successful operation of the business, whether it
be as short as seconds or as long as days.
Unlike telephone voice communications, data communica tions permits the introduction of delay in transmission.
This may be used to great advantage. Availability of the
calling person and called person simultaneously is not
always required. In addition, delayed transmission is frequently used, even of short duration, to reduce the number
of circuits required to handle a given load and also to
provide greater flexibility in handling traffic.
The scope and intent of this article is to analyze the
transmission and switching of digitized information (data)
between remote business locations. Past, present, and
fu ture techniques of message switching will be reviewed in
detail.

Walter M. Aydelotte is a senior instructor on the communications system education staff at RCA, teaching RCA personnel and customers data communications software concepts.
He has spent nine years in data communications and related
areas. Mr. Aydelotte received his B.A. in Business Administration from Moravian College, and is presently doing graduate work toward an M.B.A. in Information Science at Temple
University.

Data Switching Techniques for Communications

Today, all communications systems can be boiled down
into five distinct components. These basic units will frequently be called by different names by different people,
but nevertheless, these basic units and their generalized
functions can be described as follows:
1. Encoder - The encoder typically serializes characters and presents them to the transmitter. Many
good examples of this function can be found in
today's proliferation of terminal devices.
2. Transmitter - The trap.smitter accepts the serialized character(s), modulates them (optionally) and
transmits them over some type of transmission
medium. Typical examples are telephone sets and
data sets.
8

3. Transmission Medium - The transmission medium
is any facility that is capable of carrying the
resultant electrical signals.
4. Receiver - The receiver receives the modulated
(optional) characters, demodulates them, and presents the resultant serialized characters to the
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

decoder. Telephones and data sets are typical
examples of receivers.
5. Decoder - The decoder takes each serialized character and translates it to its equivalent printer
graphic. The printer graphic, of course, varies
depending on the terminal language being utilized.
Typical examples of this function are the myriad
of on-line data communications terminals available
today. In addition, in an environment of switched
communications, the switching device itself will be
a decoder, being responsible for certain decoding
in its own right.
These five basic components in many cases operate in an
environment wherein switching techniques are applicable.
The Reasons for the Switching of Data

Basically though, what is the reason for the "switching"
of data? Primarily, it is the need for flexibility while
minimizing costs; this has been the goal of most switching
systems. Let's look at the following hypothetical case
where there exists a need for telecommunications linkage
connecting six cities. One solution to providing telecommunications iinks between these cities would be to have
direct communications between every pair of points as in
Figure 1.

Figure 1. Switching paths, each to every other

An alternative solution, which uses far fewer communication lines, is to connect all the points to a "switching
device" as shown i,n Figure 2.

Figure 2. Points connected to a switching device

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

It can easily be demonstrated that the larger the number
of locations, the greater will be the savings in line costs
when a switching system of some sort is used. A further
reduction in line costs can be achieved by using multi-drop
lines, in which one line connects several terminals. Of
course this can only be done if the traffic volume is not too
high.
An additional justification for switching is that in message switching systems, circuits can frequently be "loaded"
with higher traffic volumes. This is accomplished by temporary storage of messages until circuits are clear. It would
not be unusual to find a "loading factor" of 85 percen t on
the trunks of a message switching system, where "loading
factor" as used here, means the amount of time that a
circuit is actually being used. To handle the same number
of messages with the same average time of transit on a
circuit switching network serving the same places, as many
as four or five times the number of trunks would be
needed, and individual loading factors could very well drop
to as low as 20 percent. Only in cases where concen tra ted
volumes of data traffic exist between remote locations is
switching not required. In these cases, dedicated point-topoint facilities are utilized.
Line Switching vs. Message Switching

Historically, two basic approaches have been utilized to
switch data communications traffic. There have been many
variations of these two techniques and several hybrid
combinations, varying from entirely manual operation to
entirely automatic operation. Basically, these two techniques and their functions are as follows:
1. Circuit or Line Switching.
2. Message Switching.
Circuit or Line Switching is sometimes referred to as
space division switching. In this mode of switching the
address of the called station is first sent to the switching
cen ter. Based on this addressing data, the switching center
selects the line of the called terminal and electrically
connects (switches) the calling and called lines together.
Once the physical switching has been effected, the actual
transfer of data can be accomplished. Therefore, during this
type of communication, the terminals involved are actually
in direct contact.
Today's modern telephone network is a classic example
of a sophisticated Line-Switching system. When you initiate
a telephone call, the operation of the dial or touchtone unit
effectively sends the address (i.e., telephone number) of the
called station to your local telephone central office. This
office then logically determines the most expedient method
of physically connecting (switching) your telephone line to
the called telephone line.
H is important not to think of today's telecommunications state-of-the-art as being oriented wholly electromechanically. While it is true that the telephone network
today is primarily electromechanically switched, Electronic
Switching Systems (ESS) are now either already operating
or are in the planning stages for many areas of the United
States.
In Message Switching systems, the calling terminal transmits its message directly into the switching center, including all necessary addressing (routing) information. As soon
as the input transmission' is effected, the caller is disconnected. The switching center stores the message, determines
from the message header where this message is to be
9

forwarded, and finally, transmits the message to the proper
location(s). Traditionally this is referred to as the "storeand-forward" concept of Message Switching. The essential
ingredient of a store-and-forward switching center is operation of the "switcher" independent of the calling and called
stations. The center must accept messages from any station
when offered regardless of the present unbusy or busy,
condition of the destination. And likewise, the switching
center must store all messages until the destination(s) can'
accept them, and then, forward the message without regard
to the present status of the originator. During the interval
between receiving and subsequently sending each message,
the switcher must store it, and must accept all responsibility for the integrity and security thereof.

Evolution of Message Switching

Message Switching has evolved to its present state-of-theart through definite developmental stages. These stages can
be defined as follows:
1. Torn-Paper-Tape Switching Systems
2. Electromechanical Switching Systems
3. Electronic Computer Switching
The development of the paper tape typing reperforator
spawned the birth of the "torn-paper-tape" switching systems. The printing reperforator automatically perforates
and prints on paper tape as each character is received. The
resultant message can then be relayed by passing the new
perforated tape through a tape distributor, or reader as it is
sometimes referred to. Typically, as messages arrive at the
center, they are punched into paper tape for temporary
storage. Usually each communication line (half-duplex) has
its own reperforator for receiving messages and its own
reader for transmitting messages. The messages punched
into tape will be preceded by the address or addresses to
which they are to be transmitted. Operating personnel in
the switching center tear off the received messages, read the
addresses to which they are to be sent, and when the proper
circuits are available, place them on the corresponding
paper-tape reader. Of course, in such a manually controlled
system outgoing queues will develop when high volumes of
messages are received in short periods of time. The principal
advantage of torn-tape switching is its simplicity. An economic trade-off between operator expense and equipment
costs is striven for. With expert operators, a very high
circuit efficiency can be achieved, and priority messages can
get spe~ial ~tt~ntion. Today, numerous torn-tape systems
are in existence that use various combinations of manual,
semiautomatic, or automatic implementation of the "crossoffice" function, where, "cross-office" as used here, means
the actual process of transferring the message between the
reperforator and reader.
As torn-tape systems matured, various electromechanical
switching systems enabled message switching systems to
become operator-independent. Exemplary among these is
the American Telephone and Telegraph Company's 81-A-l
system introduced in 1940. In this system, multi-station
lines are used with each station being automatically
"polled" in rotation for possible traffic to be transmitted to
the center. Each paper tape message is preceded by certain
characters (the header) which form a code to control the
automatic switching across the office, and the automatic
retransmission on the proper output circuit. Although this
type of system is completely automatic, paper-tape is still
10

utilized and the switching'logic itself is largely electromechanical and thus, somewhat slow compared to today's
solid-state computerized logic.
Computerized Message Switching

In today's world of ever-increasing complexities, interactions, volumes, and speeds, it is only natural that the
digital computer would be called upon to handle the
myriad of tasks in Message Switching environments.
In a typical Computerized Message Switching system,
data is exchanged between the communications lines and
the computer memory via hardware line buffers, a communications controller, and software message buffers. The
line buffers convert incoming serial-bit data into characters
(de serialization) and outgoing characters into serial-bit data
(serialization). The controller samples (scans) all of the line
buffers at an appropriate rate and generates "pseudo-interrupts" (cycle stealing) in the digital computer wherever an
input line buffer has a character formed, or an output line
buffer can accept a character. The computer responds to
the "pseudo-interrupt" signal by executing an input/output
service request which causes the appropriate character to be
exchanged between the line buffer and the software buffer.
Not until the software buffer(s) has an entire message, is an
entry put on the Message Switching (program) input or
output queues. At this point a full "interrupt" is generated
to call in the Message Switching program logic.
The software buffers may be dedicated computer
memory zones (dedicated buffering) or dynamically allocated memory cells (dynamic buffering). The intermediate message storage devices are typically either random
access drums or random access discs. Not unlike the
previous examples, Computer Switching itself has evolved
through developmen tal phases.
Initially, pure stand-alone Message Switching Processors
were utilized. However, it soon became evident that computers could easily keep up with the relatively slow (due to
terminal and line speeds) message switching requirements of
the typical installation. Today, due to the development of
multiprogramming techniques, advanced supervisory systems and interrupt processing, typical processors can handle
Message Switching, communications programs, and batch
programs concurrently. Even a stand-alone Message Processor handling 2000 messages per day would be left with
much idle time.
We will now analyze, conceptually, the generalized
functions that a computerized Message Switcher should
perform. In order to more concisely "see" these generalized
functions in context, Exhibits A and B concerning Input
and Output processing respectively, are included.
I nput for Generalized Message Switching

First, let us examine generalized Message Switching
input processing. See Exhibit A.
The model system in this exhibit is an integrated,
multi-function processor that is only "interrupted" from its
regular data processing when something is "posted" on the
Message Switching Input queue. In this system, Message
Switching has highest program priority. Once a determination is made that "something" is on queue, the Message
Switch determines what it is. Is it a "command language"
statement, such as a user asking for certain statistics? If so,
the Message Switch enters the subroutine necessary to
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

)--------:::>

To Executive

Command
Language
Processor

Intercept
Queue?

Systems
Administrator
Illogical

I Yes
Tell Source or No
Systems Ad- I
ministrator
Msg. Invalid

Hardware
Problems?

Append
Date and
Time to
Message

Tell Systems
Administrator
of Hardware
Problem

Tell Sender
to Retransmit
Message

l
Yes

Write
Message
to RAD

Write Copy
to Log Tape

--~-Queue Message to OriginalOutput
eues

ystems
Administrator
Undeliverable
Message

Write
Message
To RAD

Write
Copy to
Log Tape

Queue Mess- -I
age to Alternate Output
Queues
J

Write
Message
To RAD

Write
Message
to RAD

. Write
Copy to
Log Tape

Write
Copy to
Log Tape

Queue Message to Intercept Output
Queues

Exhibit A. Message Switch Input Processing
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

To Executive

!command
/

~anguage

Queue to

Message?

eue

Write
Message
to Log Tape

Transmit
to Proper
Station

Queue to
Message
Switch Intercept Queue

Inform Systems
'--~_, Administrator

Illogical
Messa e

Intercept
Location?

Yes

~eate A\ternat

into
Memory

Output Header
ead Message
from RAD

Create
Normal
Output
Header

reate Intercept
tput Header
ead Message
rom RAD

Set Up
Message
Control
Record
Transmit
Message

Queue to
Message
Switch Inter-

Subtract
One from
Counter

Yes
Write
Message Copy
to Log Tape

Exhibit B.
12

Message Switch Output Processing
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

satisfy the request. If it's not a command language statement, is it an "environmental notice" of some sort from the
control system? I[ so, that subroutine is entered. I[ not, the
Message Switch determines if the message is an original
message to be switched or a message that was already
processed but for some reason was unable to be delivered,
i.e., an "intercepted" message. I[ it is none of these, the
Message Switch "knows" that this is an illogical message
and so informs the "Systems Administrator," which is
commonly a terminal in the computer switching center
itself..
I[ the message is an original message, the Message Switch
must determine if the "header" is valid; is its format valid?
is its priority valid? is the sender identification valid? are all
destinations valid? is the sequence number logical? is the
message being switched between terminals of the same
language type? If any of these tests are negative, the proper
error subroutine is accessed. If the header is valid, the date
and time are added to the message, the message is written
into the intermediate storage (Random Access Device),
copied to the Log tape, and queued to the proper output
line queue(s).
If the message is an "intercepted" message, the Message
Switch must determine what caused the message to be
undeliverable. For example, was there a hardware problem
like a disc-read error? Or, was the message intercepted
because the original destination could not be reached? I[
this was the case, did the original have a pre-specified
alternate destination? Was this a message to an Alternate
that was unable to be reached? Or, was this a message to a
station that did not have a prespecified Intercept location?
All of these types of situations must be checked for in
order to insure that the message is queued to the proper
output queue. In addition, "undeliverable messages" must
be reported to the System Administrator.
Output from Generalized Message Switching

Now, let us examine typical output type message processing. See Exhibit B.
Here also, the processor handles typical data processing
chores until it is interrupted. Interruption occurs when an
item is posted to any Message Switching output queue.
Once interrupted, the Message Switch must determine the
type of message to be transmitted out. The message
logically must either be a command language message or a
normal message from Message Switch. Any other type of
message will be treated as an error. If the message is a
command language message, it is queued to the proper
output line and transmitted with a copy going to the Log
tape. Command language messages would not require output header construction. I[ the message is a normal. Message
Switch message, a determination must be made as to
whether the message is an original, alternate, or intercept.
The purpose of this action is to append the proper type of
output header to the message. Prior to attaching the header,
a Message Con trol Record is set up to keep track of message
destinations, priorities, and those messages that are subsequently queued to the intercept input queues. In addition, a transmission counter is set equal to the number of
locations that the message is to be sent to. Once these steps
are accomplished, the header is appended and the message
is sent to the first location as specified in the Message
Control Record. If the message is not transmitted properly,
the message is queued to the Message Switch intercept
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

input queue, the transmission counter decremented by one,
and the Message Control Record updated. I[ the transmission was successful, the counter is decremented by one and
compared to zero. If the counter is not equal to zero, this
message must be sent to additional locations as specified in
the Message Control Record. Once the counter equals zero,
a copy of the completed message and its Message Control
Record is written to the Log tape.
Now that we have seen generally how input and output
message processing might be handled in a computerized
Message Switching system, let's look at specific functions
that might be employed.
Most of today's more sophisticated Message Switching
systems are able to perform highly complex analysis of
messages. This ability to process messages efficiently in
accordance with very complex information is the most
noteworthy advantage that the digital-computer switching
center has over the older torn-tape systems. For example,
common functions include: the interpretation of complex
addresses; performance of complex handling instructions,
including multiple addresses, group addresses (sometimes
called broadcasting or hubbing), and symbolic routing,
wherein each location or group of locations is given a
symbolic name; queueing and transmission of messages by
priority, including pre-emption; translation of different
language codes to allow switching between dissimilar language types; speed conversion; data processing based on
message content is possible. If original messages are undeliverable, prespecified Alternate or prespecified Intercept locations can receive the message along with a modified header
indicating that this is an Alternate or Intercepted message.
In addition to these "analytical" functions, many "service" functions are commonly available. For example,
statistics may be accumulated to be used in generating
management reports, or statistics may be utilized for the
automatic printing of each user's monthly billing statements.
Message Switching might also be continually performing
hardware diagnostics - both local and remote. Some form
of command language should be available in order to allow
"man-machine" interaction. This man-to-machine conversational ability might be used by a station user to query the
system for certain statistics, to retrieve certain messages, or
to make real-time hardware and software changes. This
facility can also be used to pass environmental notices to
the Systems Administrator position. An example would be
reporting malfunctions or illogical situations, or reporting
to a station that a certain message had an invalid header. If
the system should fail for some reason, automatic restarting
of the system is possible since the total environment can be
reconstructed from the message logging tapes which contain
all input and output messages with associated Message
Control Records.
Historically, Message Switching systems have only been
limited by the programmer's imagination and the physical
constraints 'Jf the particular operating system he was
working with. To date, due to the lack of comprehensive
manufacturer packages, computerized Message Switching
systems have been primarily systems programmed by the
customer. However, there now exist "generalized" messageswitching systems from several manufacturers that perform
all of the functions mentioned in this article without the
need for expensive systems programming.
0

Hippocrates Reversed

by Computer:

Better Diagnosis and Treatment With Reduced Costs

Dr. Albert E. Casey
Memorial Institute of Pathology
924 S. Eighteenth St.
Birmingham, Ala. 35205

"Medicine is being practised today very much as it was in the time of
Hippocrates 2500 years ago. Without the assistance of a large, automated,
computerized medical laboratory, the laying on of hands at the annual visit
to the physician picks up only such terminal disease as appears above the
surface. "

Dr. Albert Casey is the Head Pathologist and
Director of Laboratories at the Birmingham Baptist
Hospitals in Birmingham, Alabama. He also serves the
People's, Longview, Holy Family, Hill Crest, Salvation Army, and Doctor's Center hospitals.
Dr. Casey began doing multi-variate diseasechemistry analysis many years before he was able to
computerize his diagnoses. He began his computerized diagnoses in 1964, and has now compiled more
than 100,000 medical profIles in a small computer
system.
Dr. Casey's many professional memberships include: President of the Medical Staff and Chairman of
the Executive Committee of the Medical Staff of the
Birmingham Baptist Hospitals, Chairman of the
Pathology Section of the Southern Medical Association, Council of the Society of Experimental Biology
and Medicine, and the Council of the American
Society of Clinical Pathology.
One of Dr. Casey's many interests outside of the
field of medicine is history, particularly the history of
Ireland and Mississippi. He has written more than a
dozen books on history, and is an active member of
the American-Irish Historical Society.

and training after graduating from high school before
assuming a responsible position.
His associates, without whom he could not function
efficiently are Ph.D.'s, medical technologists, and secretaries. The Ph.D.'s in biochemistry, microbiology, physiology, mathematics, and bio-engineering spend some thirteen years in training and the medical technologists some
five years after high school.
R ising Salaries

For the past thirty years Birmingham, Alabama, a steel
and coal city, was and is one of the areas of the highest
wages in the nation. Thirty years ago the pathologist
received $500 per month, the Ph.D.'s $250, the medical
technologist $85, and a maid and orderly $30 a month. The
cost of a laboratory test such as blood sugar or blood urea
nitrogen at that time was $10 and very few were done~
Seventy percent of the precipitous rise in the cost of
medical care during the past thirty years has been due to
raising the salaries of medical workers to rates comparable
with those in the coal and steel industry. - the maid and
orderly from $30 to $240 per month, up 800%; the medical technologist from $85 to $680, up 800%; the Ph.D.
from $250 to $2,000, up 800%; and the pathologist from
$500 to $4,000, up 800%.

The Diagnosticians

The pathologist is an M.D. or physician who specializes
in the study of disease and is a consultant to other
physicians in laboratory diagnosis. His training beyond high
school is four years of college with a B.S. or A.B. degree,
four years of medical school with an M.D. degree, one year
oTinternship, and four years of residency. After this he
must pass an examination by the American Board of
Pathology to qualify for practice. He usually spends an
additional four years in teaching or research in a medical
school or hospital - a total of seventeen years of education
14

Lower Costs for Laboratory Testing

The cost of a blood sugar or blood urea nitrogen in our
laboratory has gone from $10 in 1940 to 25¢ in 1970,
down 97.5%. The cost of the combined series of 75 tests,
few of which were even available thirty years ago (including a profIle of 28 chemistries, 28 hematology tests and 19
arthritic tests), has gone from a total cost of $600 down to
$25.00, a reduction of 96%. Thirty years ago no one could
get such an abundance of accurate medical information any
place in the world at any price. In our hospitals, 80% of the
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

patients get such profiles on admission, and increasing
number of patients get them on annual visits to their
physician.
This phenomenal reduction in the cost of laboratory
testing is due equally to automated and semi-automated
laboratory apparatus and to the use of computers. In our
laboratory there are in use twelve separate types of automated machines; for example, a technic on blood grouping
machine capable of 1800 separate tests per hour and the
SMA 12-60 auto-analyzer capable of 600 different chemistries per hour. The computerization has been accomplished
with the Univac 1004 printer and the Univac 418 and 1106
computers, together with programmed diagnoses.
In a recent study presented before the International
Cancer Congress in Houston by our group, metabolic
profiles on some 18,000 consecutive patients were analyzed
for the detection of the cancer prone. In determining the
significant relationship of twenty-four different chemistries
to the detection of cancer, the computer made over
500,000,000 comparisons in a very short while.
Medical Practice: What Progress in 2500 Years?

Disease is like an iceberg - only a small portion is visible
above the surface. Unfortunately, so often when it appears
above the surface, it is too late to cure or prolong the life of
the patient. Medicine is being practised today very much as
it was in the time of Hippocrates 2500 years ago. A patient
consults his physician because of signs or symptoms and he
receives medical treatment, just as he did in the time of
Hippocrates. If he is a male, he has often delayed the visit
to his physician until the disease often claims his life. The
female is more likely to run to the physician than the male,
and lives about ten years longer. Without the assistance of a
large, automated, computerized medical laboratory, the
laying on of hands at the annual visit to the physician picks
up only such terminal disease as appears above the surface.
This kind of medical practice has not progressed much
beyond that of ancient Greece.
I believe that the Hippocratic method should be laid to
rest and the trend in medicine should be completely
reversed. I believe: (1) that the cost of medical care in
hospitals will rise to $100 or $150 per day; (2) that each
physician must see and treat at least three times as many
patients as he sees today and do the job infinitely better
than he has in the past; (3) that the 40%-50% of hospital
admissions for diagnosis must be eliminated and the patient
should come to the hospital only after most diagnoses have
been made; and (4) that the enormous sums spent on heroic
and terminal medicine must be eliminated (about 75% of
the medical costs today).
A Proposed System for Preventive Medicine

The proposed method for conducting annual physical
examinations described below is offered an an example of
one way the necessary changes in the practice of medicine
may come about.
There are 2,000,000 persons living within 100 miles of
Birmingham, Alabama. Each one of them should have an
annual visit to their physician for advice, examination, and
treatment. Physicians would mail to their patients, two
weeks before their annual visit, an extensive questionnaire,
especially designed for computer use. The patient and his
family would fIll this out in detail and bring it to a central
blood collecting station, which is equipped with computerCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

ized apparatus. He should do this some days before the visit
to his physician. At the station, (1) the history would be
verified by an experienced computer operator and the
entire mass of data put into 18 character,s by the operator;
(2) the patient would then have weight ..l1eight, some ten
physic~l measurements, the temperature, 'pulse, respiration,
blood pressure and urinalysis made; (3) next blood would
be taken for a 100 test metabolic profile; (4) the patient
would then be placed in one of some 36 examining rooms
and electrodes applied for brain, eye, heart, lung and
neuro-muscular function tests. No.physician need be present. With this system about 30 patients an hour or 300
patients per day could have elaborate monitoring for a
three-minute period. The electrodes on the patient and the
hospital based electrical devices would be connected with
several computers located from one to 100 miles away at
the central monitoring station. Patients with unusually
abnormal physiologic profIles may have repeat monitoring
until the physicians in the central laboratory are satisfied.
These brain-eye-heart-Iung and neuro-muscular tests cost
about $250 by present, non-computerized methods, but
could be included as a part of an annual profile of
computerized history, measurements, and blood tests for
$26 per patient if there were ten collecting stations in
operation. Some 3,000 persons per day would need to be
examined in order to serve 2,000,000 persons annually. The
entire mass of data would be summarized into some 150
test facts and computerized diagnoses of great finesse
should result. In addition the patient's prior examinations
by various physicians, hospitals, and clinics, over many
years would be available and retrievable by the central
computer complex. The central computer library could also
furnish the physician with the latest recommended procedure for the particular set of abnormalities with which
the patient is afflicted.
True Preventive Medicine

By such a method, the 84 percent of disease which lies
beneath the surface may be detected and treated ten to
forty years before it becomes serious trouble. For example,
the Pap smear has reduced hospitalization for diagnosis of
cancer of the cervix by 80%, and increased the cure to 98%;
in the same way such annual examinations may do the same
for hidden metabolic disease. This would be preventive
medicine in its truest sense. In the nation last year, $250
per capita was expended for medical care. If $26 per capita
for computerized histories and laboratory data can reduce
hospitalization by 80%, medicine will be revolutionized.
The hospitals of the future will treat patients with
serious illnesses, and I foresee computers monitoring 500
intensive care patients in distant small hospitals at the same
time or in fractions of a second for $25 instead of the $100
per day now charged in large hospitals. I foresee that every
obstetrical patient during delivery and every surgical patient
during an operation will be monitored locally and at a
distance for ,less cost and with more value to the patient
than can be done today.
I believe the small computer like the corner drug store
and the delicatessen will still be used in hospitals, but will
be largely replaced by large computer banks and centralized
expertise such as that described above. This, in turn, will at
last change the emphasis of medical practice from curing
0
disease to preventing disease.

PRODUCING COMPUTER LETTERS
FROM NAME AN,D ADDRESS FILES

"Preparing computer letters on a modest scale has aided
us in developing some rules governing record formats. "

Byron J. Koch
Assistant General Manager for Data Processing
Claretian Fathers
Chicago, Ill.

Several articles have been published in recent years
concerning the use of computer letters, but they have
mostly had to do with copy and the frequency of inserting
the recipient's name in the body of the letter. We have been
preparing computer letters on a modest scale during the
past year and this experience has aided us in developing
some mechanical rules governing record formats.
We leave copy and field insertion decisions to our
promotion people. They, in turn, rely upon the Data
Processing Department to provide a decent heading, a
suitable salutation, and the insertion of the fields which
they call for. Our experience in these areas may be helpful
to others who are planning to produce computer letters in
the future.
Titles

At the time we select names with specific characteristics
to receive a letter, we also reformat the record to make it
easier to prepare the letter. Whenever possible, we have
actual titles included in our records - we never use title
codes. Title codes or the assumption of titles can be
disastrous on computer letters. I have seen many examples
of incongruous salutations on such mail. One, that was
cited recently by Congressman Gallagher, was addressed to
the San Francisco Suicide Prevention Service. The letter
commenced with "Dear Mr. Suicide".
Salutations

While reformatting, we build a complete salutation line.
If the name field does not start with one of the titles for
which we are testing, we do not assume a title. We then
scan the field to test for the presence or absence of either
"&" or "AND". If one of these elements is found, we greet
the recipients with "Dear Friends". If the plural indication
is not found, the salutation is "Dear Friend".
We test for longer titles before testing for the short ones.
For instance, we look for "MR & MRS" prior to searching
for "MR". This eliminates the possibility of having a
heading addressed to "Mr. & Mrs. John Smith" coupled
with a salutation of "Dear Mr. Smith". Each title we find
16

must also be followed by a blank. If the blank position is
not present, it is not the title we want. Conceivably, we
could discover a record starting with the letters "'MISS"
and assume we were addressing an unmarried lady. That
may or may not be true. The entire field might be
"MISSIONARIES OF PROVIDENCE" or "MISSOURI
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE".
Isolation of Last Names

We have definite rules governing the preparation of input
for our files. These rules facilitate the isolation of last
names without having a separate field for the last name.
When entering a name, the keypunch operators must punch
an "at sign" in the column immediately' preceding the last
name. During the editing portion of our file update we
search for this character in order to manufacture an
identity code for the record; The "at sign" is used because
it is in alpha shift and it is not a character which would
otherwise be found in a name field. When we discover the
"at sign", we replace it within the program with another
valid, but non-printing character. If there is any suffix after
the last name, the keypunch operators must leave two
blank columns after the name before punching the suffix."
This permits them to have a single blank column anywhere
within the name and it prevents us from using the suffix as
part of the identity code and it prevents us from using it
within a salutation.
An example of a keypunched name being entered into
the file is: "MR & MRS WILLIAM F@MC MURRAY JR".
During the computer letter reformat run, we will find the
"MR & MRS" at the beginning of the record and we will
start building the salutation line with "DearMr. & Mrs.".
(Note that we use the ampersand rather than the word
"and" as our computer letter program will capitalize the
first letter of each word it finds in the salutation.) We then
start scanning the name field for our special character.
When it is found, we add the last name to the salutation,
letter by letter until we either discover two consecutive
blanks or we reach the end of the field. Thus we will have a
salutation that reads, "Dear Mr. & Mrs. Mc Murray".
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Apostrophe Names

Those proper names which should contain an apostrophe
can cause trouble. Our files were originally developed to
produce mailing labels in upper case. Our rules for names such
as "O'Brien", "D'Souza", etc. had been to run the letters
together to avoid having the first letter of the last name
mistaken for a middle initial.
The appearance on mailing labels is not bad - they print
as "OBRIEN", "DSOUZA", etc. However, on computer
letters where the first letter is capitalized when it follows a
blank or a special character, these names do not have the
prop"er appearance. "OBRIEN" becomes "Obrien". We now
feel it is better to enter such names with a dash where the
apostrophe belongs. This preserves the continuity of the
name - "O-BRIEN" - on mailing labels. When reformatting for computer letters we test for the dash and replace it
with an apostrophe.
City, State, and Zip

City, State and Zip Code are in three separate fields in
our basic record. When reformatting these fields, we leftjustify them into a single field for the heading of our
letters. In some cases the state abbreviation is replaced by a
substitute as here, again, the computer letter program will
capitalize the first letter of each word or the first letter that
follows a blank or special character. Thus, the separate
fields of "ROME----------NY----13440" will be
reformatted to read: "Rome, N.Y. 13440". If the "NY"
were not replaced with "N.Y.", they would appear on the
computer letter as "Ny". The same is true of suffixes.
"MD" will print as "Md". That is O.K. if it is the
abbreviation for Maryland, but if it stands for a Doctor of
Medicine it might be better if your keypunch operators
enter it in the name field as "M.D."

NUMBLES
NUMBER PUZZLES FOR NIMBLE MINDS
-AND COMPUTERS
Neil Macdonald
Assistant Editor
Computers and Automation
A " num ble" is an arithmetical problem in which: digits
have been replaced by capital letters; and there are two
messages, one which can be read right away and a second
one in the digit cipher. The problem is to solve for the
digits.
Each capital letter in the arithmetical problem stands for
just one digit 0 to 9. A digit may be represented by more
than one letter. The second message, which is expressed in
numerical digits, is to be translated (using the same key)
into letters so that it may be read; but the spelling uses
puns or is otherwise irregular, to discourage cryptanalytic
methods of deciphering.
We invite our readers to send us solutions, together with
human programs or computer programs, which will produce
the solutions. This month's Numble was contributed by:
Stuart Freudberg
Newton High School
Newton, Mass.
NUMBLE 717

THO S E
x

IHNRRT
B

=D=R
A=I

3014

60396

S BOT I 0

Inserts

When an insert must be made in the body of the letter
from a field within the record, such fields should be
left-justified at the time you are reformatting. For instance,
a dollar amount field may have six positions assigned to it
in the record. When reformatting, you discover there are
two high-order zeroes. The zeroes should be eliminated and
the four significant" digits should be shifted left. This will
eliminate blank spaces at the "fill-in"point in the letter.
We are preparing computer letters from several different
files, each with its own record format and characteristics.
Rather than attempt to· write several computer letter
programs to work with each of these files, we wrote several
reformatting programs. We purchased a letter-writing software package and we have found it to be extremely flexible
and adaptable. Although it was originally designed for a
system slightly larger than ours, the seller tailored it to fit
our IBM 32/K 360/25 tape system.

WHO

=0
5300

HL T W

A S T D WL T
9481

77367

Solution to Numble 716

In Numble 716 in the June issue, the digits 0 through
9 are represented by letters as follows:

The Sharp Human Eye

N=O
S=5
1=6
A,U= 1
0=2
B,G,L,P = 7
R=3
E=8
T=4
H=9
The message is: The earth is a blessing to those upon
her.

Finally, if the volume of letters being prepared is not too
great, I recommend they be examined by a sharp-eyed clerk
before mailing. In spite of the best standards and precautions, some errors will creep into your files. Rather than
irritate a customer or potential customer, it would be better
to manually re-type inaccurate computer letters or not mail
them at all. "Mr. Suicide" might have bought if he had been
0
addressed as "Dear Friend".

Our thanks to the following individuals for submitting their solutions - to Numble 715: A. Sanford
Brown, Dallas, Texas; Debra Bruno, Cliffside, N.J.;
Twite S. Emerick, Harrisburg, Pa.; and T. P. Finn,
Indianapolis, Ind. - to Numble 714: Hans G. Ponse,
Amsterdam, Holland, and Robert R. Weden, Edina,
Minn.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

COMPUTERS ENTER THE BUSING CONTROVERSY

"If we found a group of students not doing well, and we learned that zf they
were transferred to another school, they would do better, we would do it. If
after deciding that, we learned they were black, would we not do it? After all,
it's the kids who count. "

Robert L. Glass
Computer Center
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98105

The computer, the people, and a dream. It has long been
the hope of computer people who care about their world
that the computer could work with people to achieve a
dream. In a small way, in the city of Seattle and on the
University of Washington campus, a team of computer and
people is beginning to convert a piece of the dream into
reality.
Amid tumult.

The Nature of the Problem

The school bus, long noted for being nothing more
significant than the butt of tired jokes, is suddenly the
center of a controversy. Busing for practical reasons has
long been a suburban necessity. But now that busing is
being considered for the cities, it is opposed as being totally
impractical.
The reason, of course, is race. Oh, there are a myriad
small reasons which say that busing is awkward, and
time-consuming, and expensive. But behind them all, loom-

Robert Glass is the winner of the Martin Luther King
Memorial Prize contest, Third Year, sponsored by "Computers and Automation". He is a Research Specialist on the
staff of the University of Washington Computer Center, and
has spent 15 years in the aerospace computing industry,
primarily in research and development of advanced software
systems. He has published articles on technical subjects and
social concerns in various journals; he is chairman of his
church's Task Force for Racial Concern, member of the
board of Highline Homes (a non-profit housing corporation),
and Corresponding Secretary of the Interracial Family Association.
18

ing like a poised sceptre, is the issue of race. The primary
reason for busing is integration. The primary reason for
opposing it is to maintain racial status quo.
Into that impasse have moved several forcing functions.
The Federal government has pressed for racial balance in
the schools. The State of Washington has passed laws saying
that no school can be built unless its student body will be
integrated (actually, will not be de facto segregated). And
the Seattle School Council, acting amidst clamor, confusion, and publicly threatened retaliation, decided to
proceed with mandatory busing to achieve integration.
The reaction from the urban populace, already vocal,
was immediate. A recall petition, designed to remove the
School Council from office, was filed (and later ruled illegal
in the courts). Citizens' groups on both sides of the issue
formed, and gave a series of strong statements to the press.
State legislators introduced bills to make mandatory busing
illegal. A school levy, innocently caught up in the crossfire,
was defeated. Black groups, dissatisfied with the scope of
the plan (initially, it only involves busing grades 6-8),
threatened a recall petition of their own. The selection of
superintendents for the integrated districts exploded into
the press when white groups blocked the choice of a black
superintendent and black groups called a series of school
boycotts in protest.
As time inexorably ticks away toward the fall school
opening and the beginning of busing, the tumult, though
constantly changing its hue, remains at fever pitch.
The Role of the Computer

The calm in the computer centers where the groundwork
for the busing selection is being laid is in striking contrast
to the battle which rages without.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

The Enactment of the Plan
COMPUTERS ENTER THE BUSING CONTROVERSY

"I say to you today, even though we face the
difficulties of today and tomorrow, 1 still have a
dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American
dream. 1 have a dream that one day this nation will
rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We
hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal.' "
BUSING PLAN GAINS SUPPORT

"I have a dream that one day even the State of
Mississippi, a state sweltering with the people's injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be
transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice."
FUNDS SOUGHT TO OPPOSE BUSING PLAN

"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of
Georgia the sons of former slave owners and the sons
of former slaves will be able to sit down together at
the table of brotherhood."
SCHOOL COUNCIL IN FIGHT FOR ITS LIFE

"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be
exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low.
The rough places will be made plain, and the crooked
places will be made straight. .. With this faith we will
be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone
of hope."

The enactment of the plan goes like this: Over a ten-year
period, the Urban Data Center at the University of Washington, acting under a National Science Foundation grant and
with local agency cooperation, has designed and implemented a set of computerized tools to allow two significant
things: (1) the formation of an automated geographic base
file in which all streets (and their associated address ranges)
in Seattle are represented as segments in an X-V coordinate
grid system for the city, and (2) the development of tools
which enable the conversion of an automated street address
file to the coordinate grid system. This set of techniques
they call "geocoding". Street address files with X-V grid
coordinates may then be represented in an organized
tabular or graphic form for computer output.
The Seattle School District Data Processing Center, using
these tools, has passed its student address file against the
street address data base, and the end result is an allocation
of students to schools. Then, using manual techniques (the
University's Urban Data Center has developed skills for
automating this process which will be used in future years
when the number of bused students will be larger), a region
within each school boundary will be selected and the
students in that smaller region will be the ones bused.
I mplementation Details - The SACS Directory

The above description oversimplifies the problems which
exist at the implementation level. The geocoding system
and Seattle geographic base files, for example, are the
culmination of 10 years' work and a half million dollars in

BUSING TO BEGIN IN FALL

- from "Dream ... "
by Martin Luther King, Jr., and
headlines by "The Seattle Times"

The plan, after all, is fairly straightforward. The enactment of the plan, complicated in the background implementation details, is conceptually also straightforward.
The plan is this: Of the 58,000-odd students within the
Seattle north (white) and central (black) areas, about 1200
students will be selected for mandatory busing this fall. 600
whites will be bused to central area schools. 600 blacks will
be bused to north end schools.
The reason for beginning with only 1200 students is
this: At .the same time the busing program is being implemented, a new grade realignment program, which has come
to be known as the "Middle School Plan", is also being
implemented. Only these Middle Schools (grades 6-8) are to
be integrated initially. The ather schools will be integrated
in succeeding years.
It is worth noting at this point that the mandatory
busing program complements an already-existing voluntary
busing program in Seattle. It is also worth noting that the
Seattle School Council understands the distinction between
simple desegregation and full integration, and intends to
take steps to insure that bused students become a part of,
do not remain only on the surface of, their new schools.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Geocoding allows plotting over pre-defined background
material.
19

Federal grant expenditures. The Urban Data Center, which
calls the system the Street Address Conversion System
(SACS), has published papers on the subject, and has
presented them to such organizations as the Urban and
Regional Information Systems Association. (All such research reports are currently available through the National
Technical Information Service of the U.S. Department of
Commerce.) The SACS system is the basis for many of the
techniques' used in the U.S. Bureau of the Census 1970
geocoding system; it has been implemented by other
agencies in other cities; and the Seattle system has been
used for many purposes besides busing selection.
In essence, the construction of such a geographic base
file (the Urban Data Center calls it a "Directory") takes
place in three phases: (1) manual drafting of the street
network and manual coding of the street addresses; (2)
translating the coded and drafted data into machine-readable format, through keypunching and digitizing, and (3)
machine-merging of the address and street network data,
machine graphic editing, and machine integration of the
various city-directory segments.

The critical basis for geocode accuracy is controlled
reference base maps with a coordinate grid reference system
overlaid. A state-wide system of plane coordinates was
already available for Seattle. This grid was laid over the best
street reference maps available.
A Network of Lines

A street system may be considered as a network of lines.
Each line intersection, or the bending of a line, may be
considered a node in that network. These nodes are assigned numbers.
Each line segment (between two nodes) is actually a city
block face. The address ranges for each block face must be
recorded and introduced, along with the nodes and their
coordinates, into the Directory. Street address ranges are
keypunched into cards; the conversion of street system
nodes to X-V coordinates is done by an automated digitizer, which outputs the set of nodes and their coordinates.
Once the street address ranges and nodes for a particular
neighboJhood are in computer-compatible form, they are
(1) merged into a combined file, (2) extensively edited to
correct errors of omission and commission, and (3)
integrated with other neighborhoods to form a city-wide
directory. The final product is stored on a computer disk
for random access and retrieval. At the Urban Data Center,
this process takes place on an IBM 1130 computer with 8K
of memory and a single disk drive. The SACS Directory for
the city of Seattle occupies one disk pack.
The Directory at this point in its evolution is a solution
waiting for problems. Enter the busing controversy.
When you have a data base of 58,000 students to deal
with (84,000, if the Seattle south area were included), even
if you only want to select out 1200 students for a specific
purpose, the computer becomes an important consideration.
When you have a nearby University which has pioneered
tools which are directly applicable to your problem, and
those tools involve the use of a computer, you count your
blessings and combine forces with the University.
When you consider the controversial nature of the
problem and the aura of impartial omnipotence which a
computer exudes, the computer becomes the obvious tool
of solution.
Inter-Agency Cooperation

lUll

t-LJ-.L.Lr-...
Spatially-oriented data may be readily displayed using
geocoding techniques.
20

It would be glib to dismiss the cooperation of the Urban
Data Center and the Seattle School District with those
comments, however. Inter-agency cooperation is not, unfortunately, a strength of the American way of government
(or probably any other, for that matter). The Urban Data
Center, especially in the persons of U.W. Professor Edgar M..
Horwood and UDC Assistant Director Charles E. Barb, Jr.,
have worked hard to make the fruits of their research
available to the outside world. A consortium, called
GEOBASYS (Seattle-King County Geographic Base System), is in the process of being formed, and other local
agencies have been ii1Vited to participate. Although various
governmental bodies have made use of the SACS Directory
and participated in an advisory fashion, so far only the
Sea ttle School District has entered the consortium.
Charles Hammond, Manager of Data Processing in the
Seattle School District, feels this cooperation may be one
of the most important elements in the School District's use
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Your File
With
Addresses

Appended
Geocode
......

.......

Local
Area
Code

Census
Area
Code

Display and
Analysis Package
~

Area
Summarization
Program

Polygon
Summarization
Program

......

Network
Nodes

Local Area
Summary
Tables

Summary
Maps

Census Area
Summary
Tables

Summary
Maps

Point
Maps

Point
Plotting
Program

X-Y
Coordinates

r---7,-

Products

I
I

---lI
I

-7

)

Point
Maps

Pattern
Analysis
Program

Statistical
Summaries

Pattern
Displays

Minimum
Path
Assignment
Program

Summary
Tables

Districting
Maps

Transportation
Routing
1-------7
Program

Summary
Tables

)

Route
Maps

Geocoded data has many applications, from simple summaries to network analysis.

of the SACS Directory. He sees many more uses for
geocoding - it "allows the district to make decisions much
more quickly" - and the cooperation established for the
busing problem may well produce rewards far beyond the
initial problem solution.
Implementation Details: Polygons and Busing

Actually, even now the Seattle School District's use of
the SACS Directory extends beyond the problem of busing.
With the advent of the Middle School Plan came the need
to define new school boundaries to match the newlyreorganized schools. Once the school boundaries are established, busing selection is by contrast a fairly simple
process, using what is called "polygon retrieval".
There are 47 schools involved in the redistricting. The
process of defining those 47 districts begins with the
selection of a set of polygons, one surrounding each school,
which are thought to be a logical set of school boundaries.
The polygons are then converted into X-V coordinate form.
The School District's data processing center is responsible for the computerization of the school boundary definition; its Planning and Evaluation Department is responsible
for the final boundary decisions.
At the same time that the first approximation at polygon definition is being made manually, the file of student
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

addresses must be converted to X-V coordinates by passing
it against the SACS Directory. Tools developed by the
Urban Data Center were used for this purpose. The conversion process was not, as might be expected, without
incident. For one thing, a fair number of student addresses
were rejected (some students find giving a phony address a
way of "beating the system"); for another thing, the initial
UDC conversion program, adequate for the small researchoriented data bases previously encountered, was too slow
for the large data volume of the school district. The
solutions to both problems, however, were quick and
straightforward. As a side benefit, the school district now
has a more adequate address file, and UDC has a more
efficient I/O package!
With the student-address file converted and the initial
polygons manually defined, the addresses and polygon
definitions are now passed against one another. Special
programs running on the School District's IBM 360/40
assign a polygon number to each student address, based on
the polygon within which the coordinates of the address
fall. A listing is made of the results, ordered by (1) polygon
to which assigned, then (2) school presently attended, then
(3) grade level, and showing name and race. Summary
reports also are available, showing counts by polygon (new
school) and grade level.
21

STUDENT RESIDENCE LOCATIONS
3 SEATTLE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

• "How are fire bombing incidents geographically
distributed in the Seattle area?
• "Where and how should innovative transportation
systems be placed in order to satisfy as many
people needs as possible?
• "Where do the greatest concentrations of (I)
crimes against persons and (2) crimes against property take place?"
• "What is the potential student distribution for a
three-campus Seattle Community College system?"
But problems occur in the utilization of geocode technology. One, which is solvable by transfusion of money, is
the generalization of the software that allows access to the
SACS Directory for specific applications. Another, prob-

Produced at the Urban Data Center - University of Washington

SELECTED SOCIAL INCIDENTS
1-3 February. 1968 - Central Business District, Seattle

Distribution of students assigned to schools may be
graphically displayed.

+
+

A New Set of Polygons

At this point, Planning and Evaluation examines the
grade distribution and the school capacities, and establishes
a new set of polygons defining a more equitable distribution of students to grades and schools. The process if
repeated until the school loads are balanced.
Only then does the solution to the busing problem enter
into the picture. Using such criteria as traffic patterns,
population density, and safety considerations, a set of three
optimum bus stops is manually selected. One of these is
chosen by some random process. Smaller polygons are then
manually constructed around this bus stop, and a subset of
students within that small polygon are chosen for busing
based on their ethnic background and their walking distance to the bus stop.

--------+---------l-----~----_t---~

+
+

The Future

There are many facets to the future of the component
parts of this story.
Politics and public outcry may yet negate the integration
plan which technology has been able to produce. There is
reason to believe it will not, however. The quiet but
constant effect of the forcing functions remain. And Seattle, for all the tumult of this issue, has a better racial
climate and potential for racial harmony than most of the
rest of the nation. The odds are that, with an assist from
the computer, busing will become a reality in Seattle this
fall.
The technology itself has a many-faceted future. UDC
studies in the assignment of the Seattle population to Civil
Defense Shelters using automated network analysis techniques, have implications for the use of the same techniques
in fully automated busing selection.
The more powerful techniques for assigning students to
schools can result in better selection of school building sites
and better decisions on the closing of obsolescent schools.
El

Branching Out

UDC is branching out into new geocoding areas. SACS
has already been used for answering such questions as:
22

Key:
El Drunkenness
+ Family Disturbances
M Juvenile Delinquency

Produced by the Urban Data Center
University of Washington

Spatially-oriented data.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

ably tougher, although also amenable to a money solution,
is SACS Directory maintenance. As the pulse of a city
beats, new streets and new homes come into being, and
streets close, and redevelopment changes the face of the
community. All of these things must be reflected in the
Directory, and that turns out to be complicated and
expensive. The process of urban change, its monitoring and
regulation, is decentralized and uncoordinated. Estimates
run to $lOO,OOO/year to operate and maintain an accurate
urban geocoding system. (The Directory cost about
$400-$500 per square mile to build originally.) This is one
of the major deterrents to expansion of the previouslymentioned consortium.
A Personal Note
The collecting of the information for this article required a goodly number of interviews. There was a feeling,
everywhere I went, of acceptance of busing and all it
implies. The clamor of the outside world seemed completely remote, when one was standing over the console of
the Urban Data Center's 1130 computer, watching University people excitedly consumed by their technology and
quietly proud to be agents of positive social change. It
seemed even more remote when one was sitting in an office
in the gleaming new Seattle Public School Data Processing
Center, watching a late season snowfall quietly blot out
traces of surrounding urban grime, and talking about the
transfer of students for racial reasons as if it were as normal
as administering tests, or serving lunches. There was never,
in any interview, an underlying current of resentment at
being an involuntary participant in a social revolution.
Finally, I asked one educator why.
"Well", he said, "if we found a group of students not
doing well, and we learned that if they were transferred to
another school they would do better, we would do it. If
after deciding that, we learned they were black, would we
not do it? After all, it's the kids who count."
And there, after all, is the whole point. It's not the
technology, or the busing, or the parents who really matter.
"It's the kids who count."
0

PROBLEM CORNER
Walter Penney, CDP
Problem Editor
Computers and Automation
PROBLEM 717: A STREAM WITH NO PATTERNS
"Ever hear of a Turing machine?" asked Jim as he sat
down to lunch with Helen, a programmer from the Computer Center.
"Is that some sort of camper or trailer?"
"Not quite. It's a kind of Finite Automaton we're
studying in Compo Sci. 101."
"Sounds too science-fictional for me. It must be really
far out."
"Not at all, it's very practical," Jim said. "And there are
some very interesting concepts in connection with these
machines. In fact, I just came up against something I had
trouble figuring out."
"What was that?"
"We had to construct a stream using three elements, the
only restriction being that there couldn't be any two
consecutive patterns the same."
"If two consecutive elements are the same, is this
considered a repetition of pattern?" Helen was beginning to
get interested.
"Yes, and any longer stretch. For example, there can't
be any A B A B or ABC ABC, and so on."
"Well, with three letters to choose from you should be
able to form many streams - in fact you ought to be able
to keep going indefinitely. What did you have trouble
figuring out?"
"Whether one could ever get blocked and not be able to
continue without repeating a pattern."
"Does this ever happen?" Does it?

Solution to Problem 716: A String of Bits
"I have a dream that my four little children will one day
live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color
of their skin, but by the content of their character."
- Martin Luther King, Jr.

Acknowledgements

With an initial vector containing ai's and b O's, there
will be, after n steps, ~ [ (a + b)N + (a - b)N ] 1 's and
~ [(a + b)N - (a - b)N ] O's, where N = 2n.

Readers are invited to submit Jnoblems (and their solutions)
for publication ill this column to: Problem Editor, Computers
and Automation, 815 Washillgton St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160.

There were many people who contributed time and effort to the
preparation of this article. These deserve special mention:
Urban Data Center - Charles E. Barb, J f., Prof. Edgar M.
Horwood
Seattle Public Schools - Charles Hammond, William Collison,
George Shepherd, William Lagreid
University of Washington Computer Center - Robert Gillespie
CORRECTION

References
The University of Washington Urban Data Center has a large file
of information pertaining to geocoding and its applications.
An appropriate address for inquiries is:
Mr. Charles E. Barb, Jr.
Assistant Director, Urban Data Center
121 Morc Hall FV-10
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98105
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

In the Aprill971 issue of Computers and Automation,
the following correction should be made:
Page 26, "Numbles":
In the las t line of "Numble 715",
replace "43974" by "43973".

RESPONSIBILITY
"The American computer industry carries a very special burden because if you dominate, you have the greater responsibilities. "
Sir John Wall, D.B.E., Chairman
International Computers Limited
London, England

(Based on the keynote address given at the Spring Joint Computer
Conference, Atlantic City, N.J., May 18, 1971)

Outline

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

The Responsibility of Computer Manufacturers
Problems Facing the Computer Industry
Industrial Selfishness and Commercial Myopia
"Pollution" from the Computer Industry
Privacy of the Individual
Losing the Advantages of Voluntary Action
Ethically Unacceptable Purposes
Professional Protection of Clients
Demonstration of Being Worthy of Trust
An Ethical Model for the Computer Industry
Concrete, Common-Sense Proposals for the Computer
Field
12. What the Community Suspects But Does Not Know
13. International Aspects of the Computer Industry
14. Independence Technologically As Well As Politically
15. A Glaring Economic Mistake: Tying the Customers In
16. When Things Look Good, One Makes the Irreversible
Mistake
17. The Right to Nationally Independent Technology
18. The Creation of Satellites
19. Partners, a Necessary Nuisance
20. The Substitution of Size and Power, for Wisdom
21. The Use of Technology as an Instrument of Foreign
Policy
22. A New Relationship Between Supplier and Customer
23. Responsibility of the Computer Industry for Education and Training of the Community
24. A Better Return from the Investment in the Computer Department
25. Public Fears and Suspicions of Computers
26. Small Technical Groups Holding the Community to
Ransom
27. The Customer's Freedom of Choice
28. The Customer's Protection of His Existing Investment
29. World Standards in the Computer Field
30. Plug-To-Plug Peripherals
31. Standard Interfaces
32. Acceptance of the Responsibility that Goes with
Power
33. - and With Power, Endless Criticism
It is indeed an honour to be invited to make this
keynote address. I am something of a newcomer to the
industry, but International Computers Ltd., of which I have
the privilege to chairman, certainly is not. As you all knuw,
ICL is a significant international computer force outside
America, and has been in data processing for more than 60
years. Along with your industry we have endured all the
triumphs and setbacks of the past 20 years - the Great
24

Euphoria, the Transistor Revolution, the Monolithic Invasion, the Software Famine - right up to the Great
Disillusion and the Customers' Revolt. We are united with
you in our competition for the same customers over much
of the world; we are separated only by the barrier of a
common language.
1. The Responsibility of
Computer Manufacturers

I am delighted that "Responsibility" has been chosen as
the topic of this Keynote Address. The responsibility of
computer manufacturers badly needs talking about. Responsibility is something which people like to escape from
these days; just as we all seem to have rights and nobody
seems to have any obligations (giving us that accounting
curiosity, a one-sided moral balance sheet), so responsibility
is always something that somebody else should take care of.
But not this time: it is your responsibilities that are my
subject here. The American computer industry does carry
a very special burden. You dominate much of the computer
industry of the world. And if you dominate, you have the
greater responsibilities. In addition, your industry contains
a monopoly, if you measure monopoly by the usual British
standard of more than 30 to 40 per cent of the market.
In directing my remarks to your responsibilities I am not
seeking to minimise in any way the responsibilities which
we in ICL also carry. On the contrary I venture to suggest
that some of our burdens are greater than yours. We have
the task of taking on, virtually singlehanded, the might of
your vast industry; of being the only people who can
demonstrate to the rest of the world that they too can have
- as they must have - successful computer industries of
their own, genuinely independent in the sense that their
links with your industry are purely commercial and are not
enforced or dictated by the absence of a home-grown
product. Our success in ICL will, I believe, help to bring
about the desirable development of a genuinely international and competitive world industry in information
processing.
2. Problems Facing the Computer Industry

You are facing many problems. The main problem, I
suggest, is the general feeling that the American computer
industry is not facing its responsibilities to the community
- the international community as well as the American
community.
3. I ndustrial Selfishness
and Commercial Myopia

What are these responsibilities? They can be summed up
in the fashionable word "pollution". It has a multitude of
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

effects, but only one cause - and that is a failure by
industry to foresee, acknowledge, and act upon its responsibilities to the community. It is visible evidence of industrial
selfishness and commercial myopia.
4. "Pollution" from the Computer Industry

In recent years more and more industries have been
attacked (and rightly) for creating pollution - for pursuing
their narrow commercial objectives at the expense of the
wider community. While some industries may have a better
record than others, it is hard to find any single case where
an industry has foreseen that it might create pollution and
has taken any action to prevent it - before it happened. In
every case the pollution has been drawn to the attention of
the public and the industry after it happened. Industry has
then often gone to immense trouble to minimise the harm
it has done and to put the wrong right.
For the computer industry, the issue is more difficult
still. Hitherto we have been concerned with pollution of the
senses or physical welfare - dead rivers and lakes, oil on
beaches, smog, plastic bags, insecticides, pesticides, food
adulterants, noise.
Now we are facing something different, the fact that the
information processing industry can affect the dignity and
rights of individuals; the independence of countries; the
freedom of choice of consumers.
Our: industry has the capacity to increase immensely the
wealth and happiness of mankind - to take drudgery out of
life by pushing on to new frontiers for greater efficiency.
But, at the same time, it has the capacity to damage the
true independence of individuals, of organisations, and of
countries.
5. Privacy of the Individual

My first point is the privacy of the individual. This
important issue is attracting more and more public atten tion. The response of the industry is shamefully slow. I
do not like regulation - but if it is necessary, then let it be
self-regulation. But it is hard to detect any effort by the
industry to demonstrate its desire or its ability to regulate
itself.
I fear, therefore, you are allowing the initiative to pass
out of the hands of your industry, where it belongs, into
the hands of Government and of other organisations. Your
Congress and my Parliame-nt are already considering action
to regulate the computer industry. I believe that this kind
of restriction and regulation will grow with every year. So
the computer industry runs the real risk of having to follow
instead of taking the lead on matters of vital importance to
its future. In so many spheres of endeavour we are all losing
the advantages of voluntary versus enforced action.
6. Losing the Advantages
of Voluntary Action

Industries, in general, have failed signally to anticipate
their responsibilities to the community. Now you in your
industry still have a unique opportunity. Why can't you try
and look into the future? assess the dangers and the
possible extent of "computer pollution"? make clear to the
community at large and to Government, what you, as an
industry, think should be done to safeguard the rights of
man?
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

We must all agree that the dangers and risks of the
individual's privacy being eroded are not just a newspaper
scare. It is true we do have technical solutions, in whole or
in part. We can ensure that computer systems which
contain confidential information about people will not
divulge that information to everybody. Access can be
restricted to specific individuals. Even in ICL there are facts
to which I as Chairman am not allowed access - and quite
rightly.
But, these are only partial solutions: technical solutions
often hinge on human operators. Personally, I think any
operator who has technical access to this kind of personal
data should have to undergo the same rigorous screening as
a cypher clerk in the security establishmen t.
It is a practical, indeed desirable, proposition that there
should exist a data base file containing relevant personal
facts about every person in the country concerned. The
problem arises as to what is, or is not, relevant. If all the
details of my life are on file, I am going to be understandably sensitive about the people who have access to the
information contained in it - who are going to be in a
position to know, for example, whether I have ever served a
prison sentence or contacted some unmentionable disease.
And yet, at the same time, it may be necessary or desirable
that these two pieces of information should be available to
certain carefully selected people. But my fears as an
individual are, nevertheless, real and totally understandable.
To what degree are we prepared to surrender a small
degree of personal privacy - in the knowledge that in doing
so we may be assisting in a cure for a disease from which
one day we might ourselves be suffering? What steps are
you taking as an industry to try and satisfy these conflicting demands, which are likely to become increasingly
frequent?
Are you prepared to take the initiative, or will you leave
it to others? Will you state openly that because you are
responsible for the threat to privacy, you will act responsibly to combat and minimise that threat?

7. Ethically Unacceptable Purposes

The problem is yours - and mine - since we are the
ones who have developed the means. The solution cannot
be entirely ours because that is up to Governments and to
the public. But, certainly the question does arise: what
should be my reaction as a Chairman of a national computer company if I were asked by a Government Department or a major customer to install a computer system
which I knew was intended for a purpose which I found
ethically unacceptable?
This is, I know, a hypothetical question. The obvious
answer is that, as the supplier, all I need to do is ask for
assurances, and having received them, just sit back. I
couldn't, in fact, do more than that because I am, afterall,
merely a supplier. But, that solution does invite the further
question as to whether Pontius Pilate would not have made
a marvellous Chairman of a computer company.
One escape from these dilemmas, of course, is to assert
"That's all very well, but if my company doesn't provide
the service, then another Company will".
This is not an adequate answer though. What positive
steps must you take, as an industry acting in concert, to
express your sense of responsibility in some practical form?
The only adequate answer is, of course, that the industry
25

must develop some kind of professional ethic. And only the
industry can do this.
8. Professional Protection of Clients

I can best illustrate my conviction of this need by.
referring to specific examples. It is very easy for a Government, say, to put pressure on a manufacturer to make nerve
gas. It is very hard - almost impossible - for a Government
to put pressure on a doctor to disclose details about his
patient. Lawyers and Chartered Accountants too have a
professional standard of secrecy regarding their clients. The
reason is that they both belong to bodies who have a strong
hold on the public, in that their professional ethics are
generally recognised and accepted as valid.
If it emerged that a Government was trying to force
doctors to disclose information about their patients, there
would be a national outcry. But the doctors have earned
that ethical position and the public support for it - they
have not demanded it by right. In my opinion, it is up to
the computer industry to demonstrate that it is entitled to
the same public support on its ethical stand. Suspicion must
be replaced by trust.
9. Demonstration of Being Worthy of Trust

But, to do that the computer industry must demonstrate
that it deserves this trust and is worthy of it. What we need
is a standard of ethics which supports every member of our
profession in a stand which he could not sustain on his
own; which allows him to say, if necessary, "I will not carry
out that instruction unless you publish the fact and your
motives in ordering me to undertake it".
And your concern should be to keep your own house in
order. For a doctor or a lawyer to be dismissed from his
professional organisation by his fellow professionals is a
crushing blow. It is not necessarily a loss of livelihood, but
it is an enormous loss of professional respect. In that sense,
the two go hand-in-hand. The strength of a professional
organisation in the eyes of the outside world is, in many
ways, the firmness with which it enforces its standards
upon its own members.
Your industry must achieve the same sense of status:
that to belong is important, and to be dismissed is a
disgrace.
10. An Ethical Model
for the Computer Industry

What the computer industry needs, to use its own
jargon, is an ethical model. A model for the future. Every
other industry, as I said earlier, has committed its mistakes,
been attacked for them and only then attempted to set its
house in order. Instead of letting Ralph Nader and others
attack you as ideal targets, why not anticipate the attack
now and forestall it? You are better equipped to do sc than
anyone else. It is a marvellous prospect: the first industry
to protect itself against "clobbering" - the'one that builds
its own "anti-clobber" model!
I know this sounds easy - and pious and platitudinous.
But, I also know that it is, in fact, very difficult. Do you
really care (indeed, do you really want to know) how your
salesman in the field gets his order? You want him just to
get it. You measure him, promote him (or demote him) on
this basis and on this basis alone. Bu t, what if you should
decide that you will not accept an order for professional
26

ethical reasons? Do you want good salesmen, or ethical
salesmen? Are the two things inconsistent?
Yet I believe that, in spite of many real difficulties, the
industry has no alternative but to hasten the establishment
of proper ethical professional standards. Without them,
however, much you mutter among yourselves and privately
wash your hands, you will become willy nilly the instruments of bureaucratic direction and control. With such
standards, even if you fail to live up to them, you will have
the chance to be at least whiskey priests at the altar of
freedom from bureaucracy.
11. Concrete, Common-Sense Proposals
for the Computer Field

And the ethical standards you establish must be seen to
be practical and comprehensive. Not just codes of conduct
and good behaviour, but good concrete common-sense
proposals. For example: professional certificates which can
be revoked, and a Central Council to collect information
and to issue judgements in cases of abuse brought to its
attention by credit agencies, Governments, Companies, or
individuals. It is vital that your actions should appear to be
constructive and not defensive or white-washing.
And you will not be the first to move in the right
direction. On the 17th February 1971, the British Computer Society adopted a Code of Conduct. The object of
the Code is "To promote trust and confidence in integrity
and upright dealing; trust and confidence between a professional man and his client; and between the profession as a
whole and the public". I quote again from the Code:
"Members should have regard to the effect of computer
based systems ... on the basic human rights of individuals
whether within the organisation, its customer or supplier,
or among the general public." A small start perhaps. But a
start.
And it is well worth noting that in the recent debate in
our Parliament about the PopUlation Census, all the fears,
doubts and prejudices about central information banks
became very evident. But our Government gave full approval to discussions about the privacy of the Census data
between the British Computer Society and the Census
Office. Another step forward.
Can you, with your world domination, refuse to lead?
May I quote again - this time from Paul Armer of
Stanford:
What can we computer professionals do? We must do
something if only for selfish reasons. I suspect that
the words: 'if we don't police ourselves the Government will' have been uttered thousands of times in
credit bureau circles in recent months .... We have a
duty to help solve the problem of computers and
society. If the computer profession does not step up
to challenge and help meet it, we will pay for our
failure in a frightening variety of ways. Whether or
not society holds us accountable in a formal way is
probably irrelevant.
12. What the Community Suspects
But Does Not Know

The community is becoming increasingly aware of the
cumulating impact of a fast-growing information industry
based on computers. It is increasingly worried by what it
sees, and still more by what it suspects but does not know.
This must bring with it an increasing demand for regulation.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING
Edition 5, Published March 1971
Supplement 1, Part 2, HOM to ZUS, Published July 1971
The Fifth Edition of "Who's Who in Computers and
Data Processing", in three volumes, totaling over
1000 pages and containing over 15,000 capsule biographies, was published in March 1971.
The following Part 2 of Supplement 1 consists of
updating information (including new entries and corrections of prior entries) for the Fifth Edition,
for last names beginning HOM to ZUS.
Three types of information are published here:
[no asterisk] Entirely new capsule biography
entry
* Change(s) in, or confirmation of, the entry
in the Fifth Edition
** Entire capsule biography entry which replaces
the corresponding entry in the Fifth Edition
The changes reported here are based on information kindly sent to us by entrants: (1) which updates or corrects the information previously publishedj or (2) which was received by us before publication of the Fifth Edition but too late for inclusion in it; or (3) which was sent to us after
publication of the Fifth Edition.
It is hoped that this supplement will be helpful
to users of the Fifth Edition. Any purchaser of a
complete set (3 volumes) of the Fifth Edition and
who has entered (or enters) with us a standing order
for the Sixth and later editions will be sent Supplement 1 consisting of Part 1 (published in the
prior issue) and Part 2 (published in this issue)
H (cant.)

*HOMER, Eugene Do / ed: BInd E, MInd E, PhD / t:
professor and chmn / org: C WPost College of Long
Island Univ, Greenvale, NY 11548 / pb-h: Tau Beta
Pi, Alpha Pi Mu, Sigma Xi, Amer Assn for the Adv
of Science, ASEE (educ), AAUP, ORSA, TIMS, ACM,
AIlE, NYAS, SDE, Amer Inst for Decision Sciencesj
several publications / v: 3 / *C 71
':'HOPKINS, Albert Lo , Jr
pb-h: IEEE Computer Society Governing Board, chmn technical comm on data
acquisition and control, chmn publns comm, various
articles / h: 221 Mt Auburn St,Cambridge, MA
02138 / v: 3 / *C 71
')*HOPPER, Cdr Grace Murray, USNR / mathematician /
b: 1906 / ed: BA, Vassarj ~\ & PhD, Yale / ent:
1944 / m-i: A B P / t: Heaj, Navy Programming
Languages Section / org: Dept of Navy, Information
Systems Div, Navy Programming Languages Section,
Pentagon 2C319, Washington, DC 20350j on military
leave from UNIVAC Div of Sperry Rand Corp, Box
500, Blue Bell, PA 19422 / pb-h: Phi Beta Kappa;
Sigma Xi; Upsilon Pi Epsilonj visiting Assoc Prof,
Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Univ of
Pennsylvaniaj Fellow IEEEj member, AAAS, ACM,
DPMA, SWE; Franklin Inst, US Naval Instj 5 honorary
awardsj over 50 published articles on high-level
languages, compilers and standards / h: 1400 S
Joyce St, A1614, Arlington, VA 22202 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'HORi~, Reginald L. / org: Vacta Group, Inc, 2605 E
Kilgore Rd, Kalamazoo, MI 49002 / h: 10330 Lloy,
Portage, MI 49081 / v: 2 / *C 71
*HOROWITZ, Henry F. / h: Marbrook Rd, Owing Mills,
MD 21117 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'HORTON, Donald W. / org: Computer Guidance Corp, 36
Old Kings Highway S, Darien, CT 06820 / v: 2 / ':'C 71
>!n:'HORWICH, Julian / analyst and programmer / b: 1942 /
ed: BS, electrical engineering. Northwestern Univj
0

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

FREE on request. Any other purchaser of one or
more volumes of the Fifth Edition may order Supplement 1 at $1 (please send amount with order to
avoid bookkeeping costs).
Part 1 of Supplement 1 was published in the June
issue of "Computers and Automation."
Abbreviations include:
b:
ed:
ent:
m-i:
t:
org:
pb-h:

born
education
entered computer field
main interests
title
organization
publications, honors, memberships, other
distinctions
h: home address
v: volume number

Main Interests:
A
B
C
D
L
':'C 71:

Applications
Business
Construction
Design
Logic

Mg
Ma
P
Sa
Sy

Management
Mathematics
Programming
Sales
Systems

Information compiled or checked in 1971
(similarly for other years)

graduate work, Information Science, Illinois
Institute of Technology / ent: 1964 / m-i: A Ma P
Sy; biomedical applications / t: scientific systems analyst / org: Abbott Labs, 1400 Sheridan
Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064 / pb-h: former chmn,
Software Comm , GE 400 Users GrouPi ACM / h: 1239
Glencoe Ave, Highland Pk, IL 60035 / v: 1 3 /
':'C 71
':'HOSICK, Anthony J. / pb-h: ASM, Al pha Tau Gamma /
v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'HOUSE, B. Thomas / org: Sparks Regional Medical
Center, 1311 S I St, Fort Smith, AR 72901 / pb-h:
DPMA, 2 papers / v: 1 2 / ':'C 71
':'HOVLAND, Carl W. / t: director of data processing /
v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'HOWERTON, Paul W. / t: assistant dean / v: 23/
':'C 71
HOWLETT, Thomas M. / DP manager / b: 1941 / ed: BA,
MA, ColI of St Thomas / ent: 1964 I m-i: Ma P Sy /
t: director, DP / org: St Norbert College, West
DePere, WI 54178 / pb-h: Phi Alpha Theta, DPMA /
h: 1658 Western, Green Bay, WI 54303 / v: 2 / ':'C 70
*HSU, Charles T. / t: manager computer dept / pb-h:
Pi Tau Sigma / V: 3 / *C 71
':'HUDDLESTON, Leonard W. / t: asst vice-pres / pb-h:
DPMA / v: 1 / ':'C 71
':'HUDSON, Christopher Ao / h: 5841 Transit Rd, Depew,
NY 14043 / v: 1 2 / *C 71
':'HUGHES, R. w. / t: chmn of the board / org: Data
Trends, Inc, 50 Intervale Rd, Parsippany, NJ
07054 / pb-h: 16 patents j AMA, IEEE / v: 3 / ':'C 71
HUMPHREYS, J. R. III/research and development /
b: 1940 / ed: MBA / ent: - / m-i: P Syj admn / t:
dir computer science / org: Data Technology Inc,
3400 Curtis Dr, Hillcrest Hgts, MD 20027 / pb-h:
numerous / h: 6650 Inglewood Ave, Stockton, CA
95207 / v: 1 2 / ':'C 70
O:'HUNT, Raymond M. / m-i: A Mg Sy / v: 2 / ':'C 71
29

):'HUNTER, Larry C. I h: 104 NW Seventh, Corvallis, OR
97330 I v: 2 I ~'C 71
O:'HUITO, J. M. It: senior systems analyst I org:
Shell Oil Co, Box 20329, Houston, TX 77025 I h:
1019 Teresa, Houston, TX 77055 I v: 2 I *C 71
*HYNES, Patrick J., III I org: Caltex Petroleum Corp,
380 M:tdi son Ave, New York, NY 10017 I v: 2 I ~'C 71

>!:'C 71
':'JACOWITZ, Allen I chief of applications programming I m-i: A Mg P Sy I t: higher education
associate I v: 1 I *C 71
':'JAMES, Charles G. I ed: BS, SF Austin State Univ I
v: 2 I ,:'C 71
*JANNEY, Walter C., III I m-i: A B Ma Mg Pit: asst
vice-pres I v: 3 I ,:'C 71
*JASPEN, Nathan I h: 1·10 Bleecker St, New York, NY
10012 I v: 3 I *C 71
*JASPER, Renee B. I h: 6208 Dahlonega Rd, Washington,
DC 20016 / v: 1 3 I ,:'C 71
JAY, Norbert I executive I b: 1930 led: BS math I
ent: 1959 I m-i: P Sy, programming language conversion and compatibility I t: president I org:
Systems Programming, Inc, 175 Main St, White
Plains, NY 10601 I pb-h: - I h: Box 243 RFD 1,
Hunterbrook Rd, Yorktown Hgts, NY 10598 I v: 1 2
3 I ';'C 70
':'JAYNE, Harold M. I pb-h: IEEE, ACM I v: 3 I ·!:'C 71
':'JOHNSON, Donald D. I org: Amoco Production Co,
PO Box 591, Tulsa, OK 74102 I pb-h: SID(displaY)j
"Job Accounting for IBM 1800", Common Proceedings,
May 1970j "High Performance 1/0 Devices on IBM
1800", Common Proceedings, Dec 1970 I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':'JOHNSON, Robert L. It: executive consultant I org:
independent I v: 3 I *C 71
t

Robert L. I org: Il\U..AC Corp, 296 Newton
St, Waltham, MA 02154 I pb-h: ACM I v: 1 I ~'C 71
*JOHNSON, Roger V. I t: director of systems I v:
1 2 I *C 71
O:'';'JOHNSON, Whi tney L. I admini strator I b: 1927 I
ed: BS, Utah State Univ; MS, Univ of Minnesota I
ent: 1955 I m-i: Mg I t: ADP administrator I org:
State Council of Higher Education for Virginia,
Life of Virginia Bldg, 911 E Broad St, Richmond,
VA 23219 I pb-h: ASS, Biometric Soc, IMS (math),
APHA, AEDS, ACM, Virginia Academy of Science,
AOPA; co-author "Moments of a Serial Correlation
Coefficient", Jour of the Royal Statistical
Society, Series B, Vol 27, No 2, 1965; several
papers I h: 7021 Doulton Rd, Richmond, VA 23225 I
v: 2 3 I >:'C 70
*JONES, Charles P. I computer & systems mgr, accounting mgr I t: controller I org: Federal Home Loan
Bank of Greensboro, 444 N Elm St, Greensboro, NC
27405 I pb-h: CDP; AAA (acctg), NAA (acctg),
DPMA I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':'JONES, John L. I physics & computer science instructor·1 org: Computer Science Dept, US Naval Academy,
Annapolis, MD 21402 I h: 1065 Norman Dr, Annapolis,
MD 21403 I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':'JONES, Nolan T. I m-i: A D Sy I h: 22 Squire Rd,
Winchester, MA 01890 I v: 1 I ':'C 71
':'JONES, Robert L. I computer center director It:
director I v: 1 2 I *C 71
':'JONES, Roland L. - replace by JONES, Ronald L.,
which see
':":'JONES, Ronald L. I asst director of data processing I b: 1936 I ed: colI lent: 1954 I m-i: A P
Sy I t: asst director of data processing I org:
Clark County School District, 2832 Flamingo Rd,
Las Vegas, NV 89109 I pb-h: CDP; DPMA I h: 2469
Tournament Ct, Las Vegas, NV 89109 I v: 2 I o;'c 71
';'JOSEPH, Jay P. led: ·AB, Columbia; MBA, Pace College Graduate School I t: systems officer I h:
17 Oak Brook La, Merrick, NY 11566 I v: 3 I ,:'C 71
':'JUTILA, Sakari T. It: senior professor of operations analysis & professor of industrial engineering I pb-h: lEE, AEA, Econometric Society, MidContinent Regional Science Assoc, NYAS, 11 papers,
over 30 consulting reports I v: 3 I *C 71
~'JOHNSON,

*KAERCHER, Jacque E. I t: programming supervisor I
v: 1 I ~'C 71
):'KAGANOVE, Jerry J. I assoc mathematician I pb-h:
4 papers for Transactions, American Nuclear Society, paper for APS I v: 3 I o;'c 71
*KAHN, Louis B. I org: Technical Economics, Inc,
1533 Shattuck, PO 9033, Berkeley, CA 94709 I h:
1533 Shattuck, PO 9033, Berkeley, CA 94709 I v:
2 3 I ,:'C 71
':'KALBACH, John F. I org: Burroughs Corp, 14724 E
Proctor Ave, City of Industry, CA 91744 I v: 2 I
':'C 71
';'KALBFELL, Dr. D. C. I pb-h: Fellow, IEEE; 13 patents I v: 2 I *C 71
':'KALIN, Richard B. I 1694 Main St, Concord, MA017421
v: 1 3 I ,:'C 71
':'KANARY, Richard L. I h: 39 Forestdale Rd, Kinnelon,
NJ 07405 I v: 1 2 I *C 71
f.'KARPINSKI, Richard H. It: principal programmer /
org: Univ of California, San Francisco, CA941221
h: 199 Canon Dr, Orinda, CA 94563 I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':'KARST, Edgar I pb-h: AMA (math), Sigma Xi, Pi Mu
Epsilon; about 30 publns I v: 3 I *C 71
O:'KATZIVE, Robert H. I org: Varian Data Machines,
Graphics & Data Systems Div, 611 Hansen Way, Palo
Alto, CA 94303 I v: 2 I *C 71
~'KAUFFMAN, Ellwood I executive I t: executive vice
pres and director I org: Mainstem, Inc, 1101 State
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Rd (PO Box 2) Princeton, NJ 08540 / v: 3 / *C 71
>:'KAUFMAN, Robert / executive, controller / t: vice
pres - controller / org: Computer Center Inc, 350
Royal Palm Way, Palm Beach, FL 33480 / h: 219 Fairway E, Tequesta, FL 33458 / v: 3 / >:'C 71
':'KEDER, Vi rko / ed: BSEE, MSEE, Purdue / org: Mitre
Corp, 1820 Dolley Madison Blvd, McLean, VA 22101 /
pb-h: "Effect of a Nonideal Regeneration Slicing
Characteristic on the Error Rate of a Binary Pulse
Transmission System"; senior member, IEEE, Computer Society / v: 3 / *C 71 '
>:'KEEFER, Roland J. / t: as soc professor of math-director computing center / pb-h: ACM, ASIS, AAAS;
coordinator for faculty training seminar in computers, Univ of Wisconsin; "Computers as a Classroom Aid," paper presented at Natl Teachers of
Math Spring Session / h: 1717 West 14th, Spokane,
WA 99204 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
>:'KEENAN, John F. / ed: BA, Robert Morris, Pitt / t:
mgr, information systems / v: 2 / ':'C 71
>!'KEENAN, Thomas A. / t: program director, software
& programming systems / pb-h: 5 assns, board of
CBMS, ACMlecturer, 6 books, over 20 papers / v:
2 3 / ':'C 71
':'KEHOE, Thomas J.
systems analyst / v: 1 3 / ':'C 71
':'KEITHLEY, Ray D.
h: 1500 W Scott PI r Independence,
MO 64052 / v: 2
':'C }l
':'KELLER, Jeffrey
consul tant EDP / t: vice-pres /
v: 23/ ':'C71
':'KELLER, Mary K. (Sister) / pb-h: ACM, lecturer for
NCTM, Mu Alpha Theta, and DPMA; 4 papers; book
Mathematics & Computing, Weber, Prindle & Schmidt,
1971 / v: 1 3 / *C 71
KELLEY, Dr. Jay Hilary / engineer / b: 1920 / ed:
BS, MS, PhD, Penn State Uni v / ent: 1952 / m-i: A /
t: president / org: Urbdata Associates, Inc, 3401
Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 / pb-h: - / h:
8820 Germantown Ave, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia,
PA 19118 / v: 1 2 / *C 70
':'KELLY, Paul H. / sr supervi sor programming / ed:
BS, business admn, Rutgers / m-i: P Sy; business
applications / t: sr supervisor / v: 3 / *C 71
':'KELLY, Thomas W. / h: 112 Burley St, Danvers, MA
01923 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'KEMENY, John G. / t: pres, Dartmouth College and
Albert Bradley Third Century Professor / h: 1 Tuck
Dr, Hanover, NH 03755 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'KEMPER, Gene Allen / H; 3210 Cherry, Apt 27, Grand
Forks, NO 58201 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'KEMPTER, John D. / director applications, systems
and programming / t: secretary / pb-h: COP; DPMA,
CPCU / h: 578 Oakdale Rd, East Meadow, NY 11554 /
v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'KENDALL, Clifford M. / executive / t: president /
org: Computer Data Systems Inc, 8121 George Ave,
Sil ver Spring, MD 20910 / v:. 2 / ':'C 71
.
KENNAN, Theodore / manager / b: 1935 / ed: BEE; MB~
Harvard / ent: 1961 / m-i: ABO L Mg Sy; user
function architecture / t: systems planner (architecture) / org: IBM Corp, 1000 Westchester Ave,
White Plains, NY 10604 / pb-h: IBM Outstanding
Contribution Award / h: 670 Barrymore, Mamaroneck,
NY 10543 / v: 3 / ':'C 70
*KENNEY, Harry W. / executive / t:executive vicepres / pb-h: several papers; FEI; past natl director LOMA; director local AMS; Chamber of Commerce;
VFW / h: 6316 W 101 Terrace, Overl and Pk, KS 66104/
v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'KENT, Henry K.
t: director mfg operations planning / v: 1 / *C 71
KEPPLER, Fred C. / executive / b: 1927 / ed: BS /
ent: 1950 / m-i: A B Mg P Sa Sy / t: president /
org: Southern Vermont Computer Ctr, 219 Ben-Mont
Ave, Bennington, VT 05201 / pb-h: 2 patents, Special National Achievement Award / h: 112 Hillside
St, Bennington, VT 05201 / v: 2 3 / *C 71
':'KERN, Frederick W. t: operations mgr / v: 2 / ':'C 71

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

':'KESSLER, Marvin M. / org: IBM Corp, Federal Systems
Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20760 / v: 1 / *C 71
*KETCHUM, Sidney J. / asst systems & procedures
supvr / t: asst systems & procedures supvr / v: 1 /
':'C 71
*KIDD, E. M. / ent: 1953 Iv: 2 / *C 71
*KIJAC, Peter / h: 44 Kings Cross Dr, Lincolnshire,
IL 60015 / v: 2 / ·:,C 71
':'KILPATRICK, S. J., Jr. / ed: BSc, pure & applied
math; MSc, genetic statistics; PhD, demography /
v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'KIMMLE, Manfred S. / ed: DBA, MBA Harvard Graduate
School of Bus Admn; lic Univ of Parisi dipl Univ
of Berlin; BA Muhlenberg / m-i: A B Ma Mg Sy; mgmt
information systems; data processing & general
mgmt / pb-h: over 10 publns on mgmt information &
data mgmt systems I SMIS, ACM, THiS / v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'KIRANE, Franc! s P. / t: DP manager Honeywell Computer Dept / h: 10 Bisson St, N Chelmsford, MA
01863 / v: 3 / *C 71
':":'KIVIAT, Philip J. /executive / b: 1937 / ed: BME,
MIE / ent: 1959 / m-i: Mg / t: president / org:
Simulation Associates Inc, 1263 Westwood Blvd, Los
Angeles, CA 90024 / pb-h: ORSA, ACM, SCI, AAAS,
vice-pres TIMS College on simulation & gaming, chmn
Fourth Conference on Applications of Simulation,
associate editor Simulation, numerous other chairmanships & technical assocs, 3 books, over 20 published papers / h: 2654 Roscomare Rd, Los Angeles
CA, 90024 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'KLAPPENBERGER, Frederi ck A. / org: CADCOM, Inc, 2024
West St, Annapolis, MD 21401 / v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'KLASSKIN, Phillip / t: consultant / org: McDonnell
Douglas Automation Co, Box 516, St Louis, MO
63166 / h: 7726 Stanford, St Louis, MO 63130 /
v: 1 / ':'C 71
':'KLEIN, Melvin S.
m-i: A B Mg P Sa Sy / v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'KLEINECKE, David
h: 1722 Prospect Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93103
v: 3 / *C 71
>!'KLOCK, Harold F.
t: professor / v: 3 / ':'C 71
>:'KNEPP, Robert B.
t: assistant manager, corporate
systems & programming / v: 2 / ':'C 71
>!'KNIAT, Philip J. - replace by KIVIAT, Philip J.,
which see
':'KNIGHT, John / m-i: B Mg Sy; information processing / t: director / org: Business Information Division, Dun & Bradstreet Inc, 99 Church St, New
York, NY 10007 / v: 1 2 / ':'C 71
>:'KOBYLECKY, Peter J. / systems analyst / t: computer
systems analyst / org: C P C International, 101 S
Wacker Dr, Chicago, IL 60606 / h: 4640 S Homan Ave,
Chicago, IL 60632 / v: 1 / >:'C 71
*KOCKEN, Manfred / t: professor / org: Univ of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 / pb-h: distinguished
lecturer, ASIS, ACM, AMS (math), APS, RSA, AAAS
(science), SIAM; 8 books, numerous articles & reports / h: 2026 Devonshire, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 /
v: 3 / ':'C 71
>:'KOENIG, Adolph J. / t: chief, admini stration & organization studies branch / v: 3 / *C 71
'::eLEE, Stevens T. T. I org: Lutheran Hospital Society
of Southern California, 1425 S Grand Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90015 I h: 774~-A-Newlin Ave, Whittier,
CA 90602 I v: 2 I *C 71
MLEE, SuI H. I systems analyst / b: 1936 / ed: BA,
MA lent: 1967 I m-i: A Mg Sy I t: associate director I org: Eastern Michigan Univ Library, Ypsilanti,
MI 48197 I pb-h: ASIS, ALA I h: 2878 Baylis Dr,
Ann Arbor, MI 48104 I v: 1 I *C 71
*LEHMAN, Meir M. I research I t: mgr architecture &
advanced planning I pb-h: IEEE, lEE, natl lecturer
ACM, fellow BCS, over 35 publns, 10 patents & patent aplns I v: 3 I *C 71
':'LEISER, Curtis P. I org: Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, 410 WHarrison St, Seattle, WA 98119 I
v: 1 I *C 71
*LESCALLEET, Thomas M. / t: dirt admn, finance; regional mktg mgr I org: Cullinane Corp, One Boston
PI, Boston, MA 02108 / v: 2 I :;'C 71
*LETELIER, Patricio A. / t: specialist-programming I
pb-h: ANS, ACM I h: 1416 Kingman Ave, Apt u3, San
Jose, CA 95128 I v: 1 I *C 71
*LEWIS, Jordan D. / t: manager, general operations I
pb-h: Sigma Xi, AAAS fellow, IEEE, APS, OSA, SID,
many publns I v: 2 / *C 71
('LEVENTHAL, Clifford A. I director, marketi ng It:
director, marketing staff / h: 3 Brycewood Dr,
Dix Hills, NY 11746 / v: 3 I ,:'C 71
('LEVINE, Earle M. / communications mgr led: BS,
marketing, advertising; MBA intI economics; AE
(electronics) I t: communications mgr I org: Honeywell Information Systems, Framingham, MA 01701 /
v: 3 / ~'C 71
*LEVlNE, George H. / naval architect I t: dir of engineering I org: ARCTEC, INC, Suite 255, Wilde
Lake Village Green, Columbia, MD 21043 / h: 9534
Pamplona Rd, Columbia, MD 21043 I v: 2 I ,:'C 71
*LEVlNE, Kenneth H. I org: Grumman Data Systems, GDS
Center, Bethpage, NY 11714 I v: 1 / 'l:C 71
*LEVY, Samuel I t: data processing systems engineer /
pb-h: Eta Kappa Nu, ACM, registered professional
engineer / v: 1 / *C 71
*LIAS, Edward J. I director I t: director Computer
Center, Ocean County Information Network I v: 3 /
·:eC 71
*LIGON, Helen H. I pb-h: Beta Gamma Sigma, outstanding teacher of year, Baylor, 1967, outstanding
business teacher, 1970 / v: 3 / *C 71
**LIGUORI, Robert R. I systems analyst I b: 1932 led:
BS, nuclear eng, North Carolina State; MS, nuclear
eng, North Carolina State lent: 1957 I m-i: A Mg
Ma pit: professional staff I org: Center for Naval Analyses, 1401 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA
22209 / pb-h: ACM, Sigma Pi Pigma, Who's Who in
Computer Field, 1963-64 I h: 2208 Hyde Lane, Bowie,
MD 20715 I v: 1 I *C 71
':!'LOOMBA, R. P. -- replace by LOOMBA, Raj inder P"
which see
':<>:!'LOPATKA, Alan I t: systems engineer / h: 354 WVan
Buren St, Elmhurst, IL 60126 / v: 1 I *C 71
':'LOPES, Harry W. I b: 1921 / pb-h: COP Iv: 2 ':'C71
':'LOVIE, Peter M. I pb-h: Fulbright Scholar, Chartered Engineer United Kingdom, Texas PE, 7 technical papers, 1 patent I h: 4515 Briar Hollow PI,
Houston, TX 77027 / v: 1 3 I *C 71
':'LOVIN, John W. I h: 2717 Highland Ave, Apt 1006,
Birmingham, AL 35205 I v: 2 I *C 71
>!'LOWERY, Edwin / pb-h: "How To Evaluate Timeshare
Services" in Southwest Business; professional engineer registered in California & Texas; COP
(DPMA); life member Phi Kappa Phi, Tau Beta Pi;
Soc of Professional Engineers, Houston Soc of
Mgmt Consultants; MENSA; Houston Club I v: 2 ·;eC 71
*LUAR, Joseph P. -- replace by LAUB, Joseph P"
which see
*LUMMIS, Frank M. I h: 6303 N Wayne Ave, Chicago,
IL 60626 I v: 1 I *C 71
('LUNIN, Lois F. I pb-h: founder South Texas chapter
ADI & Chesapeake Bay chapter, ASIS, ACS, IDCL,
AAUP, Council of Biology Educators, Medical Li~
.brary Assn Eliot Prize Essay Comm, AAAS, ACM, Phi
Kappa Phi, Beta Phi Mu, consultant to business
anQ medical insti tutions, secretary NSIS, Fellow
lIS; instructor, Laryngology & Otology, JohnsHopkins Univ School of Medicine; instructor, Public
Health Admn (Communicative Sciences), Johns Hopkins Univ School of Public Health; many publns I
v: 2 I ,:'C 71
33

':'LUSE, F. Dean I pb-h: URISA, NASW, NCSW I v: :) I ':'C 71
*LYKOS, Peter G. I m-i: academic programs in computer science, computer applications in higher education I t: professor of chem~stry, director of
Information Processing & Information Science Centers I h: 3524 Quebec St, Washington, DC 20016 I
v: 3 I '~C 71
*LYNCH, Charles H., Jr. I t: supervisor of software,
process control I h: 710 Maple St, Meadville, PA
16335 I v: 1 3 I *C 71
*LYNCH, Robert M. I educator led: BS, MS, PhD I t:
asst professor I org~ School of Business, Eastern
Illinois Univ, Charleston, IL 61920 I h: 772 42nd
St, Brooklyn, NY 11232 I v: 3 I ';'C 71
';'LYNCH, Robert T. lent: 1955 It: di r MIS I org:
American Standard, Inc, Security-Graphic Arts Div,
40 W 40 St, New York, NY 10018 I v: 1 2 I ';'C 71
';'LYNN, Richard S. led: BA, Univ of Cal; MA, California State College; PhD, Univ of Southern Cal I
t: project engineer I v: 1 I *C 71
M

Anthony I h: 16 W Denni ck Ave, Youngst9wn, OH
44504 I v: 3 I *C 71
';'MACDONALD, Donald C. It: systems programmer I org:
RCA Computer Systems, 200 Forest St, Marlboro, MA
01752 I pb-h: editor Twin Cities ACM Newsletter;
vice chmn, Twin Cities ACM I h: Gates Rd RFD, Hubbards ton, MA 01452 I v: 1 I ';'C 71
*MacGHAN, Peter H. I org: Naval Research Lab, Code
5474, Washington, DC 20390 I v: 3 I ';'C 71
';'MACKAY, Stanley I org: Scot t Graphics, Inc, subsidiary of Scott Paper Co, Holyoke, ~1A 01040 / v: 1 I
';'C 71
';'MacLAUGHLIN .. Dean S. I org: Boston Collaborative
Drug Surveillance Program, Boston Univ School of
Medicine, 80 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 I v:
1 I ,~C 71
';'MADDEN, Joseph J. I org: Kelso-Burnett Electric Co,
5200 Newport Dr, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 I v:
2 3 I ,;'C 71
':'MAGNIER, Eugene A. H., MD led: AB, physics, MS,
biomedical engineering; MD; PhD, physiology I t:
resident I org: Pennsylvania Medical College,
Henry Ave, Phi ladelp~ia, PA 19129 I v: 2 3 I ':'C 71
':'MAGNUS, Daniel E. I executive I t: president lorg:
KLD Associates, Inc, 7 High St, Huntington, NY
11743 I pb-h: ASME, AIAA, ACM, NYAS, HRB; Pi Tau
Sigma, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi I v: 2 I *C 71
*MAHOOD, Charles E. led: BS, math & physics, Muskingum College; MS, systems & information science,
Syracuse Univ I v: 1 I *C 71
':'MALAKOFF, James L. I h: 30017 Via Rivera, Palos
Verdes Peni nsula, CA 90274 I v: 2 I ,:'C 71
':'MANN, Alan O. I m-i: A D Mg Sy I to: chief planning
staff I org: Systems Division, Office of Economic
Opportunity, ~xecutive Office of the President,
1200 19th St NW, Washington, DC 20506 I h: 3806
Jocelyn St, Chevy Cha se, MD 20015 I v: 2 I ':'C 71
':'MANN, George A. I t: group manager I org: Univac
Western Test Center, 212 E Osborn Rd, Phoenix, AZ
85012 I v: 1 2 I *C 71
':'MARCHUK, Frank I t: president I org: Computer-General, Inc, 318 W Ball Rd, Anaheim, CA 92805 I
pb-h: pres & board chmn, LASER Computer Corp;
pres, Microelectronic Evaluation Labs; pres, Inst
of Tech Seminars; inventor first all Laser computer; visiting lecturer-universities; 85 publns I
v: 2 I ,:'C 71
':'MARKS, Morton H. I h: 11208 Country PI, Oakton, VA
22124 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'MARQUARDT, Donald A. I m-i: A B P Sy I org: Reynolds Metals Co, 47 & 1st, Brookfield, IL 60513 I
h: 8714 W 44 St, Lyons, IL 60534 I v: 1 I ';'C 71
*MARSHALL, Irvin I systems integration I t: manage~
systems integration I v: 3 I *C 71
';'~1A,

*MARSHALL, John J., Jr. I m-i: educational researc~
programmed instruction, educational materials
devt, tech education It: manager, education devt I
org: Honeywell, EDP Div, Marketing Education, 110
Cedar St, Wellesley Hills, MA 02181 I pb-h: COE
Fellowship Award, Boston College, '61; DPMA IntI
Private EDP School Standards Committee; BEMA, Dam
Processing Group, Education Commi ttee I v: 2 I ,:'C 71
*MARTIN, David Joseph I t: systems analyst I org:
Univ of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37401 I h: 3512
Valley Trail, Chattanooga, TN 37415 I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':'MARTIN, George J. I security analyst I pb-h: IEEE,
Simulation Council of America, SSA (NY) I v: 3 I
':'C 71
':'MARTIN, J. Sperling I t: vice pres, systems development I org: Aspen Systems Corp, Pittsburgh, PA
15213 I v: 1 I *C 71
':":'~1ARTIN, Richard L. I head computer peripheral subsidiary I b: 1924 led: BS; PhD, engineering I
ent: 1968 I m-i: B Mg I t: pres I org: Telex Computer Products, Inc, subsidiary of The Telex Corp,
6422 E 41 St, Tulsa, OK 74135 I pb-h: Sigma Xi,
Tau Beta Pi, Pi Mu Epsi lon, Phi Lambda Upsilon /
h: 3072 E 38 PI, Tulsa, OK 74135 I v: 2 / ,:'C 71
MARTIN, Ronald K. I programmer-analyst I b: 1942 I
ed: Loyola ColI, Univ of Maryland lent: - I m-i:
B P; transportation I t: consultant I org: Peat,
Marwick, Mi tchell & Co, 1025 Connecticut Ave NW,
Washington, DC 20036 I pb-h: ACM I h: 4402 Ridge
St, Chevy Chase, MD 20015 I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':'MARVIN, Doni org: Analytical Computer Services, 806
Main, Suite 501, Houston, TX 77002 I h: 12715
Westhorpe, Houston, TX 77077 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'MASON, Robert M. I org: Naval Research Lab, Code
5705B, Washington, DC 20390 I pb-h: ACM, ~1AA,
American Musicological Soc, AMS (math), co-author
A lied Matrix & Tenor Anal sis, Wiley-Interscience, 1970, 6 papers
v: 3 I *C 71
':'~1ASSER, Leon I h: 10503 De Neane Rd, Silver Spring,
MD 20903 I v: 2 I *C 71
';'~1ASSIE, John Alan I h: 7335 Dawn PI, Mentor, OH
44060 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'~IATHAI, Thoma sib: 1933 I org: ITT, 320 Park Ave,
New York, NY 10022 I h: 190 E 72 St, New York, NY
10021 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'MATHIS, Robert Fletcher I pb-h: 9 papers, Phi Beta
Kappa, Sigma Xi, 7 professional societies / h:
966-A Chatham Lane, Columbus, OH 43221 I v: 2 I
,:'C 71
':'MATHUR, Francis Parkash I ed: BEE, Dublin; PhD,
UCLA I pb-h: ACM, Sigma Xi, several publns, organizer of First IntI Sumposium on Fault-Tolerant
Computing;'ACM SIGOPS Workshop on Fault-Toleranc~
Pacific Palisades 1969; IEEE I h: - I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
';'~1ATTES, Frank J. led: BSEE & graduate studies,
Univ of Pittsburgh lent: 1956 I m-i: A P I h: 7
Kletzly Dr, Oakmont, PA 15139 I v: 1 I ';'C 71
':' MATU LA , David William I b: 1937 I ed: PhD, engineering science & operations research, Univ of
Cal, Berkeley I m-i: L Ma; teaching & research in
computational arith, combinatorial math & graph
theory I v: 3 I *C 71
':'~1AYER, A. David I m-i: education systems I org:
Montgomery County Community College, 612 Fayette
St, Conshohocken, PA 19428 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'MAYER, David B. I assistant for total systems
evaluation I t: assistant for information systems
evaluation I org: IBM, Systems Development Div,
Dept D-72, Bldg 705, Poughkeepsie, NY 12602 I v:
2 3 I ';'C 71
':'~1AYNARD, John L. I h: 1620 Magnolia Ave, Manhattan
Beach, CA 90266 I v: 3 / ,;'C 71
*McCOY, Noel H. led: BS; PhD I m-i: Mg; informatirn
systems I t: director operations, junior college
div I org: Coordinating Board, Texas College &
Univ System, State Finance Bldg, PO Box 12788,
Austin, TX 78711 I v: 1 I ,:'C 71
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

*McDOW, A. E., Jr. / h: 102 Alger Rd, Oak Ridge, TN
37830 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'McELWAIN, Merrill Robert, Sr. / staff of the president / pb-h: COP; DPMA, ASM, SMIS, IACP, NMA /
h: Rt ftl Box 245A, Georgetown, IN 47122/ v: 2 ,:'C 71
':'McFARLANE, James M. / ent: 1961 / pb-h: ACM, MAA,
COMMON / h: PO Box 714, Middletown, CT 06457 / v:
1 2 / ':'C 71
':'McGEACHIE, John S. / t: asst director for system
development, dir of data processing / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'McGREW, Russell G. / t: program mgr, radar systems /
org: NOAA Natl Weather Service, 8060 13 St, Silver Spri ng, MD 20910 / v: 1 3 / ,:'C 71
*McKee, Albert G. / org: Louisiana Tech Univ, Box
6215 Tech Sta, Ruston, LA 71270 / pb-h: ACM, DP~~,
No Central Louisiana Data Processing Assoc, ASEE,
Louisiana Engineering Society; Louisiana Faculty
Senate; Who's Who in the South & Southwest; various publns / v: 2 / *C 71
*McKEE, Robert A. / org: Texas Eastern Transmission
Corp, POSox 1612, Shreveport, LA 71102 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
>:'fi)cKEOWN, Thomas W. / t: director, internal data
systems / org: Honeywell Information Systems, US
Group, Waltham, MA 02154 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'McLAUGHLIN, Grant E. / h: 1846 -153rd SE, Bellevue,
WA 98007 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'McLEAN, Ephraim R., 3rd / ed: BME, Cornell Uni v;
SM, PhD, MIT / m-i: mgmt information systems, business aplns of computers / t: asst professor of information systems, director of GBA Computing Services / pb-h: Sigma Xi, NDEA fellow, ACM, TIMS /
h: 11313 Rose Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90066 / v: 3/ ':'C 71
':'Mcl'MHON, William M. / h: Hillside Dr, Ellington, CT
06029 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'Mc~~TH, C. Wallis, Jr. / pb-h: Upsilon Pi Epsilon;
ACM, IEEE; Texas Soc of Registered Professional
Engineers; Regi s tered Profes sional Engi neer (Texas) /
v: 1 / ':'C 71
':'McMENAMIN, Joseph L. / ed: BS, education; ~~ /v: 2/
,:'C 71
**McQUIRNS, Lewis K. / data processing mgr / b: 1933/
ed: 2 yrs college / ent: 1961 / m-i: A Mg Sy / t:
data processing mgr / org: Tasty Baking Co, 2801
Hunting Park Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19129 / pb-h:
DP~~ / h: 2963 Hemlock Dr, Norri s town, PA 19403 /
v: 2 / ':'C 71
'~McQUIRWS, Lewi s K. replace by McQUIRNS, Lewi s
K., which see
*MEACH, Jerome S. / h: 2372 N Pine Center Dr, Orchard Lake, MI 48033 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'MEADS, Jon A. / t: graphics systems designer, consultant / org: Tektronix, Inc, PO Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97005 / pb-h: SID, ACM, DECUS. "Interactive Editing of Radio Astronomy Data", DECUS Sympos i um, 1969; chmn SIGGRAPH/ ACM
h: PO Box 1485,
Lake Oswego, OR 97034 / v: 1 / ,:'C 71
':'MEKKELSON, Leslie / org: State Farm Life Insurance
Co, 112 E Washington, Bloomington, IL 61701 /
pb-h: CPA, CPCU, FLMI; papers for IASA / v: 2/ ,:'C 71
':'MELLINGER, Leo F'. / pb-h: DP~~, COP / h: 3650 Regal PI, Hollywood, CA 90068 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'MELZER, Richard J. / executive; conSUlting & training / t: president / org: R. J. Melzer Co, 2956
Delaware Ave, Buffalo, NY 14217 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'MERKLINGHAUS, Otto E. / t: advi sory devt analyst /
org: IBM Corp, 1561 Cali fornia Ave, Palo Alto, CA
94304 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'MERRY, Paul M. / ed: BSEE, Univ of Mo; MSEE, Florida Inst of Technology / pb-h: classified documents, IEEE, ACM / v: 1 / *C 71
*METROPOLIS, William / h: 44 Prospect St, Utica, NY
13501 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'MEYERSON, Edmund D. / pb-h: ASM, ACM / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
*MILLER, David / h: 2600 W Rascher, Chicago, IL
60625 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'MILLER, Edwi n W. / ed: B Aero E; MME / pb-h: ACSM
(VP '71-'72); ASEE, ASME, NSPE/v: 2 / ,:'C 71
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

**MILLER, J. Philip / director user services / b:
1943 / ed: graduate work, psychology / ent: 1962/
m-i: Mg Sy; natural language processing / t: director user services / org: Washington Univ, Computing Facili ties, St Loui s, MO 63103 / pb-h:
ACM, AERA, Psychometric Soc, various publns / h:
34090 Grand Fores t Dr, St Loui s, MO 63103 / v: 2 /
,:'C 71
':'MILLER, Richard 1. / org: Harbridge House, Inc, 11
Arlington St, Camhridge, MA 02116 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'MILLTER, J. Philip - replace by MILLER, J. Philip.
which see
*MINCIS, Albert Stephen / org: Equity Research Associates, a div of Halle & Stieglitz, Inc, 52
Wall St, New York., NY 10005 / v: 1 / ,:'C 71
*MING, Tao Kuang / ed: PhD, theoretical chemistry,
Illinois Inst of Tech / t: computer specialist /
h: 23 N Summit Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20760 / v: 1/
,:'C 71
':'MIRACLE, H. G. / m-i: A Mg P Sy / t: mgr, systems
& programming dept / org: Mobil Oil Corp, Los Angeles Accounting & Computer Center, 612 S Flower
St, Los Angeles, CA 90051 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'~lISHELEVICH, David J. / ed: BS, physics, Univ of
Pittsburgh; MD, PhD (biomedical engrg), JohnsHopkins Univ School of Medicine / t: vice-pres /
org: National Educational Consultants, 711 Saint
Paul St, Baltimore, MD 21202 / v: 1 3 / *C 71
*MITCHELL, James Earl / assoc superintendent / t:
assoc superintendent, planning & mgmt information /
pb-h: PDK, Phi Beta Phi, NEA, AEDS / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
*MOKOTOFF, Gary / m-i: A B Mg P Sy / h: 507 Crest
Dr, Northvale, NJ 07647 / v: 1 3 / *C 71
':'MONGE, Rolf H. / t: assoc professor / pb-h: ACM,
APA, Eastern Psychological Assoc, ASA, Gerontological Soc, Soc for Research in Child Development,
10 papers in geropsychology / v: 3 / *C 71
':'MONINGER, David L. / t: mgr, financial systems dept /
h: 909 S Owen, Mt Prospect, IL 60056 / v: 13/
,:'C 71
':'MONTAGUE, Frank / org: A T Kearney & Co Inc, 437
Madison Ave, New York, NY 10022 / h: 10 Arbor Ridge
Lane, Centereach, NY 11720 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'MONTESINO, Pablo V. / m-i: A B Mg P Sy / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
*MOORE, D. R. / t: staff engineer / org: Vought
Aeronautics Corp, Box 5907, Dallas, TX 75222 /
pb-h: AIAA, ACM; Sigma Xi, Sigma Gamma Tau; 4
publications in AIAA journal / h: 2501 Skyline Dr,
Irving, TX 75060 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'MOORE, Dwight A. / pb-h: pres Detroi t Chapter DP~~
1970-1971, DPMA individual performance award; NAA,
AMA semi na r leader awa rd / v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'MOORE, William S., III / t: engineering systems
coordinator / h: 145 Harbor Dr, Key Biscayne, FL
33149 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'MORESCHI, John P. / h: 19A Forest St, Cambridge, MA
02140 / v: 2 / *C 71
*MORRI~, Joel / m-i: A Mg Sy / pb-h: publns on compu~
ter applications, American Men of Service, Who's
Who in Southeast, Who's Who in Space / v: 3~ 71
*MORRIS, Joseph C., Jr. I m-i: COL P Sy / v: 1 /
,:'C 71
*MORRIS, William T., Jr. / t: director, advanced information systems / org: American Institute of
Aeronautics & Astronautics, 1290 Ave of the Americas, New York, NY 10019 / v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'MORRISON, Robert L. / programmi ng archi tecture /
pb-h: ACM, Cornell Soc of Engineers / v: 12/
':'C 71
*MOSER, John L. / org: Computer Machinery Corp, 2231
Barrington Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90064 / h: - /
v: 2 / ':'C 71
*MOSES, Joel/educator / m-i: A Ma P; algebraic manipulation, AI, education / t: associate professor
electrical engineering / pb-h: ALM, MAA, NYAS;
Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi / h: 50 Gold Star Rd,
Cambridge, MA 02140 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
35

*MOTT, Leo J. / pb-h: AMA, Phi Delta Theta / v: 2 /
*C 71
MOUNTAIN, Clifton Fletcher, M.D. / surgeon, cancer
researcher / b: 1924 / ed: AB, MD / ent: 1947 / m-i:
Ai biomedical research / t: assoc prof of surgery /
org: Univ,of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor
Institute, 6723 Bertner, Houston, TX 77025 / pb-h:
membership in 26 scientific societies, numerous
papers / h: 1612 South Blvd, Houston, TX 77006 /
v: 3 / ·:'C 70
*O:'MOURADOGLOU, Alkis J. / computer scientist-mathematician / b: 1943 / ed: BS, MA, MS / ent: 1963 / m-i:
A Mg Ma P SYi numerical analysis / t: computer
analyst / org: Sun Oil Co, PO Box 2880, Dallas, TX
75221 / pb-h: "Numerical Studies on the Convergence
of the Peaceman-Rachford Alternating Direction
Implicit Method," TNN-67, June 1967, The Univ of
Texas at Austin Computation Centeri ACM, AMA, BCS.
IEEE, Genl Chmn 2nd ACM South Central Region
Conference & Exhibits -- Dallas 1970; Who's Who in
the South & Southwest / h: PO Box 221, Richardson,
TX 75080 J v: 2 / o:·C 71
*MUMM, Robert F. / associate professor of biometry /
h: 4640 Orchard St, Lincoln, NE 68503 / v: 2 / *C 71
*MUNGUIA, Gustavo / t: director of computerdevt /
h: 4070 NW 5th St, Coconut Creek, FL 33063 / v: 2
/ '~C 71
~'MUROGA, Saburo

/ m-i: D L Ma i logical design, swi tching theory / v: 3 / *C 71
~MYLER, William J. / h: 101 Sutton Dr, Stamford, CT
06906 / v: 2 / *C 71
*MYRICK, John R., Jr. / t: asst manager, computer
application studies / org: Western Electric Co Inc,
Finance Div, 222 Broadway, New York, NY 10038 / h:
29 Rose Ave, New Providence, NJ 07974 / v: 2 / ,:·C 71
N

GUIDE, ABA, AlB; advisory comm Florida Jr ColI,
Florida Bankers Assoc / v: 2 / *C 71
* NEWELL , Ri cha rd F. / pb-h: BSNSME, AEDS i Phi De Ita
Ka ppa / v: 2 / ·:·C 71
':'NEWNHAM, Donald O. / asst mgr computer services /
t: vice-president / pb-h: DPMA (vice-pres '67-8i
pres '68-9i intI director '70-1 -- Columbia
Chapter), CDP / h: 701 Shadow Brook Drive, Columbia, SC 29210 / v: 1 / *C 71
*NICKLES, Lonnie J. / ed: BA, AM, PhD / h: 1410
Chettenham Lane, Columbia, SC 29204 / v: 1 2 /
·:·C 71
';'NIKOLAI, Paul J. / org: Applied Mathematics Research
Lab (ARL/LB) , Aerospace Research Labs (AFSC). WrightPatterson AFB,OH 45433 / v: 3 / .;·C 71
':'NOLAN, Jack / ed: BS, math, Univ of Houston / v: 1
/ ,:'C 71
':'NORRIS, Terry O. / t: vice-pres research and development / v: 3 / *C 71
':'NORTHAM, Michael B. / h: 1608 NE Knott, Portland,
OR 97212 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'NORTON, Peter E. / ed: MBA, Uni v of Chi cago, Gradua te
School of Business / t: systems administrator /
v: 1 / ';'c 71
':'NORWALT, Robert H. / engineer supervisor / m-i: Mg /
t: leader engineering staff / h: 18612 Kenya St,
Northridge, CA 91324 / v: 3 / ,;,C 71
*NOVAK, Gordon S., Jr. / ed: BSEE, MA, computer
sciencei PhD cand, Univ of Texas at Austin / org:
Tracor Data Systems, 4201 Ed Bluestein Blvd, Austin, TX 78721 / pb-h: Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi,
Phi Kappa Phi, Univ of Texas Hamilton Award / h:
600 S First ul04, Austin, TX 78704 / v: 1 2 / ·:·C 71
':'NOVICK, David / h: 1032 Second St, Santa Monica,
CA 90403 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'NUECHTERLEIN, Gerald F. / t: vice-pres & EDP mgr /
v: 2 / ·:'C 71

'~NADEL,

Robert B. / pb-h: CPA, New York and No
Carolinai New York State Bari New York County
Lawyers' Assoc, AICPAi New York State Society of
CPAi Computers & Information Systems Comm of AICPAi
chmn of systems devt &Exchange Comm of AICPAi ACM,
ASM, past member Bd of Education, Hartsdale NYi
speaker for various groups / v: 1 / *C 71
NAGEL, Robert Hoffman / executive / b: 1936 / ed:
BS, MS, PhD / ent: 1961 / m-i: A P D; mini-computers / t: president / org: Agrippa-Ord Inc, 155
W 68th St, New York, NY 10023 / pb-h: 4 articles /
h: 119 W 7lst St, New York, NY 10023 / v: 1 2 3 /
·:·C 70
O:'NAGY, Charles K. / ed: Budapest Univ i Kiel Univ i
Leipzig Univ; Boston Univi MIT / pb-h: DR, RER,
POL, cum laude; DR JURIS cum laude; ACM, ECHO,
Boston INTERMED, several publications / v: 3 / *C 71
O:'NARIN, Francis / org: Computer Horizons, Inc, 53 W
Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604 / v: 2 j *C 71
':'NASH, Thoma s .H., Jr. / ed: AS, compu ter programmi ng /
pb-h: ACM / h: 198 Sampson St, Bridgeport, CT
06606 / v: 1 / *C 71
O:'NAUGLE, Norman W. / org: Applied Scientific Research
Inc, 2100 Travis, CNB Rm 500, Houston, TX 77001 /
v: 3 / *C 71
*NELSON, Donald J. / org: Univ of Nebraska Computing
Ctr, 225 Nebraska Hall, 901 N 17, Lincoln, NE 68508/
h: 1620E Manor Dr, Lincoln, NE68506 / v: 2/ *C 71
*NELSON, Paul, Jr. / pb-h: 8 associations, 11 papers /
v: 3 / '!:'*0' REILLY, A. M. / programmer, consultant and manager / b: 1932 / ed: Univ of Illinois, economics;
DePaul Law School / ent: 1959 / m-i: A Mg Sy;
standards, training / t: vice-pres / org: Brandon
Applied Systems Inc, 1611 N Kent St, Arlington, VA
22209 / h: 1826 Susquehannock Dr, McLean, VA 22101/
v: 2 3 / O:'C 71
':'O'RIELLY, A.M. -- replace by O'REILLY, A. M.,
which see
*OSBORN, Landon J. / t: manager, time sharing system software (G400/600/6000) / org: Honeywell Information Systems, Inc, 13430 N Black Canyon Hwy,
Phoenix, AZ 85029 / v: 1 2 / *C 71
*OSER, Hans J. / t: chief, mathematical analysis
section / h: 8810 Quiet Stream Ct, Potomac, MD
20854 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'OSTER, Clarence A. / pb-h: CDP, MAA, ACM, SIAM,
Sigma Xi; 16 publns / v: 13/ *C 71
*OTTO, David L. / h: 760 Great Oaks Blvd, Apt 125,
Rochester, MI 48063 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'OURSLER, Joseph E. / h: 616 Windrush Dr, St Loui s,
MO 63122 / v: 2 / *C 71
*OVERTON, Richard K. / org: Overton Associates, Box
2037 , Capistrano Beach, CA 92624 / h: 26931 Calle
Dolores, Capi strano Beach, CA 92624 / v: 2 / >:'C 71
p

':'PAINE, William O. / t: systems analyst / org: General Research Corp, PO Box 3587, Santa Barbara,
CA 93105 / h: PO Box 6224, Santa Barbara, CA
93105 / v: 1 2 / *C 71
':'PALMER, James E. / org: Spectron Corp, 1060 Kings
Hwy, N Cherry Hill, NJ 08034 / v: 2 / *C 71
**PAN, George S. / senior technical manager / b:
1939 / ed: BSEE, Illinois; MSEE, Syracuse / ent:
1960 / m-i: A Mg Ma P Sy; communications network
design, simulation / t: president and technical
director / org: Systems Architects Inc, 45 Diauto
Dr, Randolph, MA 02368 / pb-h: author, 3articles /
h: 30 Indian Hill Rd, Medfield, MA 02052 / v: 2 3
,:'C 71
':'PAQUETTE, Gerard A. / pb-h: Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma
Xi, Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu, IEEE, PGEC, ACM
(Siggraph); several publns / v: 12/ *C 71
':'PAR KER, Edwin B. / educator / .t: professor of communication / pb-h: ASIS, ACM, ASA (sociological),
Assoc for Education in Journalism, APA (psych);
2 books, over 30 articles / v: 3 / *C 71
':'PARKER, James D., Jr. / t: manager computer dept /
pb-h: CDP, ACM; pres DPMA / v: 2 / ':'C 71
':'PARKER, Jonathan E. / marketing analyst, US Navy /
org: Louisiana Natl Bank, 451 Florida Blvd, PO
Box 1511, Baton Rouge, LA 70821/ pb-h: DPMA,ABA/
v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'PARKER, Judi th Gayle / t: applications programmer /
h: 5254 Atlantic Ave, Apt 305, Long Beach, CA
90805 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'PARKER, Michael P. / t: manager of business plans
and controls / org: IBM Corp, Systems Development
Div, Programming Dept, Poughkeepsie, NY 12602 /
v: 2 / ':'C 7l
':'PARRISH, C. Peter / org: Home Beneficial Life Insurance Co, Box 27572, Richmond, VA 23261 / h:
343 Albemarle Ave, Richmond, VA 23226 / v: 1 /
*C 71
.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

':'PARRISH, Thomas D. / org: PRC Information Sciences
Co, 7600 Old Springhouse Rd, McLean, VA 22101 /
h: 7104 45th St, Chevy Chase, MD 20015 / v: 1 /
*C7l
*PATHE, Antone P. / ent: 1957 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'PATMORE, James / principle engineer / org: Electronic Associates, Inc, 185 Monmouth Park Hwy,
W Long Branch, NJ 07764 / v: 3 / *C 71
PAYNE, Benjamin C. / executive / b: 1924 / ed:
high school/ ent: 1946 /m-i: P Sa Sy; data processing services / t: president / org: Payne Data
Processing Service, Inc, 240 W Campbell Ave, Roanoke, VA 24015 / pb-h: DPMA International Director /
h: 5444 Warwood Dr, Sa lem, VA 24153 / v: 1 2 / ,:'C 70
':'PAYl'lE, Robert C. / org: Business Computer Service,
1027 Virginia St, Charleston, WV 25301 / pb-h:
CDP; ACM, DP~ffi, RBP, ASIS AMA; co-author Use of an
On-line Di ital Com uter for Measurement of a
Neurological Control System
v: 2
*C 71
*PEARCE, David R. / manager EDP system / t: manager
EDP systems / h: 7918 Hummingbird, San Diego, CA
92123 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'PEARSON, Irving M. / t: project engineer / h: 1052
10th St, Hermosa Beach, CA 90254 / v: 3 / *C 71
*PEEPLES, Donald E. / regional director / m-i: Sa
Sy; sales of computer services, facilities mgmt,
operations and systems / org: GTE Data Services
Corp, 6430 Oakbrook Pkwy, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 /
v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'PELLMAN, Ed / h: 1520 Sunshine Dr, Glendale, CA
91208 / v: 3 / *C 71
*PELSTER, Raymond L. / m-i: A B P Sy; utilities,
teleprocessing / t: asst director, methods & procedures dept / org: Public Service Co of Colorado,
550 15th St, Denver, CO 80202 / pb-h: ACM, CDP /
h: 3161 W Bails PI, Denver, CO 80219 / v : 3 / ,:'C 7l
':'PENNEY, Leonie (Mrs. Walter) / m-i: Ma P Sy / t:
computer specialist / v: 1 / *C 71
':'PENNEY, Walter / pb-h: "On the Final Digits of
Squares" Amer Math, Dec 60; "A Binary System for
Complex Numbers" Journal ACM, Apr '65; co-author
"Two-Dimensional Binary Arrays" IEEE Trans on
Elec Comp, Feb 66; problem editor Computers &
Automation; MAA, CDP / v: 3 / ,:'C 7l
*PERRY, John G., Jr. / h: 907 Waddell Rd, Waldorf,
MD 20601 / v: 1 / ,:'C 7l
':'PERRY, M. Kei th / manager / t: systems manager /
h: 67 Tillotson Rd, Fanwood, NJ 07023 / v: 1 /
':'C 71
*PETERS, Joseph A. / pb-h: ASM (Mgmt), College &
Univ Business Management Inst, Hosp Financial
Mgmt Assoc I h: 9310 Tiverton Way, Louisville, KY
40222 / v: 2 3 / *C 71
*PETERSON, David L. / asst director, DP I t: DP
asst director / pb-h: 1 article; Data Processing
Magazine, ACM / v: 2 / *C 71
':'PETERSON, Donald E. /h: 2808 Hickory St No, Fargo,
ND 58102 / v: 2 / ':'C 7l
*PETERSON, Duane C. / h: 1544 Milwaukee St, Delafield, WI 53018 / v: 1 2 / *C 71
*PETRUS, Mecys M. / h: 252 Guy Park Ave, Amsterdam,
NY 12010 / v: 1 / ,:'C 7l
':'PETTINE, Anthony V. III It: eastern regional
manager / h: 131 Nantucket Trail, Medford Lakes,
NJ 08055 I v: 2 / *C 71
*PHILLIPS, Alexander J. I h: 50 E 96 St, New York,
NY 10028 / v: 2 3 I ':'C 7l
*PHILLIPS, CaIman P. / org: Phillips Information
Technology, 1049 Park Ave, New York, NY 10028 /
h: 1049 Park Ave, New York, NY 10028 / v: 23/
,:'C 71
':'PHINNEY, Walter Joseph / org: Montag Div Mead Corp,
245 N Highland, Atlanta, GA 30307 / h: 2788 Defoors Ferry Rd, Apt 9G, Atlanta, GA 30318 I v: 2/
,:'C 71
':'PHISTER, Montgomery, Jr. I org: Xerox Data Systems,
555 S Aviation Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245 / v: '2 3 /
,:'C 71
37

':'PICKEL, Leonard / org: Ameri can Cyanamid Co, Berdan Ave, Wayne, NJ 07470 / v: 2 / ,:·C 71
':'PIERCE, James L. / pb-h: CDP; pres, local DPMA
chapter; member of chapter speaking group / v: 2/
>!·C 71
*PIERSON, Col. Albert C. -- replace by PIERSON, Col.
Chad, which see
**PIERSON, Col. Chad / USAR Corps of Engineers, educator, consultant / b: 1914 / ed: Graduate Schools
of Business, Harvard Univ, Columbia Univ / ent:
1956 / m-i: A B P / t: professor of management /
org: San Diego State College, San Diego, CA 92115/
pb-h: ~ / h: 7333 Draper Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 /
v: 3 /':'C 71
>!'PINKERTON, Max / ed: BS, accounting, Indiana Univ;
graduate work, business education, Indiana State
Univ / t: director support systems / org: Columbia
House Div of CBS, 1400 N Fruitridge, Terre Haute,
IN 47804 / pb-h: CDP; GUIDE, SHARE, DPMA, ASTD,
Delta Pi Epsilon / v: 2 / *C 71
*PISCOPO, Joseph A. / org: Pansophic Systems, Inc,
1211 W 22 St, Suite 720, Oak Brook, IL 60521 /
h: - / v: 2 / *C 71
*PLESUMS, Charles A. / pb-h: ACM, Sigma Xi / h: 127
Bennington Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22901 / v: 2 /
,:·C 71

':'PODD, George 0., ,Jr. / banker / t: executive vicepres / org: Old Orchard Bank & Trust Co, Old Orchard Rd, Skokie, IL 60076 / v: 3 / *C 71
*POLISSAR, Jan / org: independent consultant / v:
1 3 / ';'C 71

':'FOLKINGHORN, Frank A., Jr. / h: 9202 Ivanhoe Rd,
Oxon Hi 11, MD 20022 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
';'POPELBAUM, Wolfgang J. -- replace by POPPELE3AUM,
Wolfgang J., which see
**POPPELBAUM, Wolfgang J. / principal investigator /
b: 1924 / ed: MS, PhD, Lausanne / ent: 1955 / m-i:
D / t: professor of electrical engineering and
computer science / org: Dept Computer Science,
Univ of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 / pb-h: Computer Hardware Theory, about 30 papers; IEEEFellow I h: 2007 S Anderson, Urbana, IL 61801 / v:
2 3 / ,:·C 71
':'PORTER, Ca theri ne / ed: BS, Uni v of Texa s; MA,
Univ of Houston; PhD, Univ of Oregon / h: 2367
Emerald, Eugene, OR 97403 / v: 3 / *C 71
*PORZIO, Armand J. / ent: 1958 / t: manager of information systems / v: 2 / *C 71
*POTTS, Alfred W. / t: manager systems devt / org:
Aluminum Co of America, 1501 Alcoa Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 / h: 1715 Partridge Run Rd, Upper
St Clair, PA 15241 / v: 2 / ,:·C 71
POWELL, William K. / programmer / b: 1948 / ed:
BS, math,Mass Institute of Technology / ent: 1968/
m-i: Ma P / t: staff programmer / org: Turn-Key
Computer Applications, Inc, 608 Silver Spur Rd,
Rolling Hills, CA 90274 / pb-h: project MAC; res
Fellow, Cal Institute of Technology / h: 3417
Anchovy Ave, San Pedro, CA 90732 / v: 1 / *C 70
'~POWERS, MaryR. / org: Naval Underwater Systems
Center, New London Laboratory, New London, CT
06320 / v: 3 / *C 71
*PRERAU, David Stewart / research engineer / ed:
BE, CCNY; MS, MIT; PhD, MIT / m-i: A Ma P Sy; pattern recognition, programming languages, research,
humanities applications, transportation applications / org: Dept of Transportation, Transportation Systems Center, 55 Broadway, Cambridge, MA
02142 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'PRITCHARD, Donald A. / org: Da ta Systems Engi neering, 1620 E Ball Rd, Anaheim, CA 92805 / v: 2 3/
':·C 71
·:·PROS, Anton J. / org: Mid-America Computer Corp,
640 N LaSa lIe St, Chi cago, IL 60610 / v: 2 / ,:·C 71
*PROSENKO, Gary J. / electronic engineer / ed: California Polytechnic State College / t: senior engineer / org: Burroughs Corp, 460 Sierra Madre

Villa, Pasadena, CA 91109 / h: 226 San Antonio
Rd, Arcadia, CA 91006 / ,:·C 71
~'PROSSER, Ree se T. / pb-h: AMS, APS, IEEE, ACM,
SIAM, AIAA; 30 journal articles / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
*PUNGA, Valdemars / t: chmn information and computer sciences / org: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Connecituct, 275 Windsor St, Hartford, CT
06120 / h: 82 Trout Stream Dr, Vernon, CT 06066 /
v: 3 / ,:'C 71
*PURCELL, Francis J. / org: Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc,
Nutley, NJ 07110 / h: 613 N Lake Dr, Lakewood, NJ
08701 / v: 3 / *C 71
*PUSL, Joseph A. / t: manager, advanced systems
dept / org: LOGICON, INC., 1075 Camino Del Rio S,
San Diego, CA 92110 / h: 4380 Osprey St, San
Diego, CA 92107 / v: 2 / ';'C 71
':'PYLE, L. Duane / pb-h: ACM, SIAM; 15 publns / v:
3 / ,:'C 71
R

*RACHLIS, Edwin / ent: 1964 / org: Varatek Computer
Systems, Inc, 1 DeAngelo Dr, Bedford, MA 01730 /
h: 200 Swanton St, Winchester, l\1A 01890 / v: 3 /
':'C 71
':'RAGLAND, Joe R. / pb-h: ACM; "The Response-Efficiency Trade-off in a Mul tiple-Universi ty System",
Datamation (March 1970) / v: 2 / *C 71
*RAJCHMAN, Jan A. / pb-h: IEEE, ACM, APS, Sigma Xi,
Natl Academy of Engineering, AAAS (science); Morris Liebmann Award, 1960; 105 US patents, 43 published papers / v: 2 / *C 71
':'RAl\£Y, Don V. / t: manager, computer services /
pb-h: DPMA / v: 2 / ';'C 71
':'RASHMIR, Lewis C. / org: Dart Direct Marketillg,
Division of Dart Industries Inc, 12011 Victory
Blvd, N Hollywood, CA 91609 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'RAUSCHER, Bernard J. / staff supervisor / ed: BS,
l\1A, Univ of Maryland / t: staff supervisor - internal audits, personnel / pb-h: 2 professional
organizations / v: 2 / *C 71
*RAWLS, Barbara Watson / m-i: A B L Mg P Sa Sy; EDP
education development and instruction; implementation of medium to large application systems
and proj ect selection / pb-h: CDP / v: 1 3 / ,:·C 71
*RAY, Louis C. / m-i: A Mg / pb-h: ACM, PHS, and
others; 18 published writings / v: 3 / *C 71
':'REICHARD, Robert W. / m-i: AD L Mg Sy / t: manager, engineering planning & admn / org: Honeywell, Framingham Computer Operation, Framingham,
!'viA 01701 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'REIGELHAUPT, Norbert H. / org: I/O Systems, Inc,
15 Willow St, Natick, MA 01701 / v: 1 / ,:'C 71
':'REINFELDS, Juris / pb-h: ACM, APS; co-edi tor "Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics", Academic Press, 1968; 20 published papers / v: 1 3 / *C 71
':'REITl\1AN, Julian / pb-h: 14 publns / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
*RENIER, James J. / executive / t: ~ice-pres / org:
Honeywell Data Systems Operations, 2701 4th Ave
S, Minneapolis, 55408 / pL-h: ACS, Sigma Xi,
Scientific Advisory Group of Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center; Consultant
to Army Scientific Advisory Panel/v: 2 / *C 71
';'RENSHAW, Kent S. / m-i: Mg P Sy; CAl, operating
systems, languages, interactive graphics, timesharing / org: Boeing Computer Services, PO Box
24346, Seattle, WA 98124 / v: 1 2 / ,:'C 71
*REUTER, William H. / director of telecommunications / t: director of telecommunications / v: 2/
':'C 71
*REYNOLDS, Glen E. / h: Rt 16, Box 220A, Baltimore\
MD 21220 / v: 3 / ,:·C 71
*RICCA, Joseph A. / org: Ricca Data Systems, Inc,
1732 Reynolds Ave, Santa Ana, CA 92705 / v: 2 /
,:·C 71

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

*RICE, william Thomas / t: manager of computer services / pb-h: COP, ACM, ASM (mgmt), ASIS / h: Bayberry Lane, Belle Mead, NJ 08502 / v: 2 / *C 71
*RICHTER, James C. / t: manager, industry applications / org: Honeywell Information Systems, Inc,
PO Box 6000, K-30, Phoenix, AZ 85005 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
'~RICKETTS, Robert E. / h: RR2 Hazelwood West, Geneseo, IL 61254 / v: 2 / *C 71
*RIDLEY, B. Wayne/ data processing supervisor / m-i:
A B Mg P Sy; pupil personnel services, statistical testing education, business applications / t:
supervisor data processing services / pb-h: COP;
DPMA, board of directors, pres Kern Chapter; CASBO,
central section data processing chmn / v: 2 / ':'C 71
*RIDOLFI, Raymond J. / org: Advanced Computer Supplies Inc, 529 Raritan Center, Edison, NJ 08817 /
v: 2 / ~'C 71
':'RIFENBERG, Charles J. / technical supervi sor / t:
supervisor, member technical staff / h: 6 Golf
Course Rd, Succasunna, NJ 07876 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'RIGSBY, Roy B., Jr. / t: systems specialist (senior) / org:·Lockheed-California Co, Dept 8031,
Bldg 67, PO Box 555, Burbank, CA 91503 / h: 9364
Crystal View Dr, Tujunga, CA 91042 / v: 1 / *C 71
*RILL, James K. / h: RD #5, Indiana, PA 15701 / v:
2 / ':'C 71
':'RINGEN, E. Richard / h: 60 Glenmere Ter, Ramsey,
NJ 07446 / v: 2 / *C 71
*RISSER, Arthur Jerel, II / pb-h: ASM (mgmt) / h:
1857 Edgewood Rd, Baltimore, MD 21234 / v: 1/ ':'C 71
':'RISSLER, Mahlon H. - replace by RISSLER, Mahlon
N., which see
**RISSLER, Mahlon N. / manager computer center / b:
1936 / ed: ECPI / ent: 1963 / m-i: Mg / t: director, computing center / org: Eastern Mennonite
College, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 / pb-h: - / h:
1311 Greystone St, Harri sonburg, VA 22801 / v: 2 /
~'C 71
':'RITCH, Paul A. / pb-h: COP; DPMA, AVA, TVA, AAUP /
v: 3 / ,:'C 71
*ROBB, James A. / t: associate professor / pb-h:
COP, past pres local chapter DPMA, ILLAEDS board
member, Omicron Delta Kappa, Alpha Kappa Psi, many
speeches & consulting services, review for ACM &
Computerworld / v: 3 / *C 71
':'ROBINSON, F Douglas / h: 92 Highland Ave, Orchard
Park, NY 14127 / v: 2 / *C 71
*ROBINSON, Robert A. / t: vice-pres, data processing manager / h: 2187 Chevy Chase Lane, Decatur,
GA 30032 / v: 2 / ':'C 71
ROCKOFF, Maxine L. / mathematician / b: 1938 / ed:
BS, MA, PhD / ent: 1958 / m-i: Ma / t: asst prof /
org: Washington Univ, Biomedical Computer Lab, 700
S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 / pb-h: Phi Beta
Kappa, SIAM, ACM, AMS, MAA, 9 pblns / h: 7420
Cromwell Dr, Clayton, MO 63105 / v: 3 / *C 70
':'ROLLINGER, Charles N. / t: director computer
science & technology / h: 867 Tucker Dr, St
Joseph, MI 49085 / v: 2 / *C 71
*ROMAGNOLI, Adelmo / m-i: A B Mg P Sy / org: E. I.
duPont de Nemours & Co, Inc, Wilmington, DE 19898/
pb-h: COP; DPMA, SPA; editorial review board
Journal of Systems Management / v: 1 / ':'C 71
*ROOD, Robert E. J ent: 1961 J h: 2504 Giuffrias
Ave, Apt 0, Metairie, LA 70001 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'ROOS, Mi chael / t: seni or system design specic:li st /
v: 1 / ,:'C 71
*ROSEN, J. Ben / org: Univ of Minnesota, Computer
Science Dept, Inst of Technology, Minneapolis, MN
55455 / h: - / v: 3 / *C 71
ROSENBERG, David M. / programming mgr / b: 1942 /
ed: - / ent: 1961 / m-i: L P Sy; operating systems, compilers, computer architecture / t: oper
assoc / org: New York Univ, Courant Inst, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 / pb-h: ACM, IEEE / h:
48-20 44 St, Woodside, NY 11377 / v: 1 2 / ~'C 70
':'ROSENTHAL, Lawrence E. / t: director, computer
based instructional systems / v: 3 / *C 71
0

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

*ROSS, Carolyn / org: Defense Logistics Services
Center, Battle Creek, MI 49016 / v: 1 / *C 71
*ROSS, Donald S. / pb-h: National Assoc for State
Information Systems, Phi Beta Kappa / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
*ROSSATO, Robert J. / ent: 1959 / h: 637 Cambridge
Cir, Richardson, TX 75080 / v: 2 / *C 71
*ROTH, R. Waldo / pb-h: past pres Indiana section
ASA; pres CUETUG (College & University 1130 Users
Group); ACM Committee on Professional Activities
of the Blind; AMS, MAA, NCTM / v: 2 / *C 71
':'ROTHENBACK, George J. / pb-h: Beta Epsilon, data
processing consultant to area vocational-technical-adult education, EDP training consultant to
Bureau of Systems & Data Processing - DOT, State
of Wisconsin
v: 3 / *C 71
*HOTHMAN, John
t: director library and information services
h: 101 Highland Rd, Glen Cove, NY
11542 / v: 3
*C 71
*ROWAN, William H., Jr. / t: chairman dept of systems and information science / pb-h: ACM, ASEE,
ASCE, vice-pres Nashville Chapter PE's, Tau Beta
Pi, Sigma Xi, Chi Epsilon, Phi Kappa Phi; 20 publications & reports / v: 3 / *C 71
*ROWE, Alan J. / t: associate dean, graduate school
of business administration / v: 3 / *C 71
*RUBENFELD, Murray J. / org: E J Korvette, 450 W
33 St, NYC 10001 / v: 23/ *C 71
':'RUBY, Gordon C. / ed: BSME; MSME / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
*RUDOLPH, Luther D. / t: associate professor / v:
3 / ,:'C 71

*RUDY, John P. / t: operations research supervisor;
instructor, Fitchburg State College / m-i: A B
Mg; operations research, system design, simula- .
tion / pb-h: conference on applications of simulation; TIMS / h: 205 Walden St, Cambridge, MA
02140 / v: 3 / *C 71
*RUSSELL, Charles R. / org: Coastal States Gas Producing Co, PO Drawer 521, Corpus Christi, TX
78403 / v: 2 / *C 71
*RUSSELL, James H. ~ manager, engineering data processing / t: manager, engineering data processing / .
v: 2 / ':'C 71
*RUSSO, Roy L. / pb-h: Penn State Univ writing
award, IBM outstanding contribution award, Sigma
Xi, Eta Kappa Nu, IEEE, ACM, 1 patent application,
14 publns / v: 2 / *C 71
*RUST, John W. / t: asst director ~f systems / org:
Univ of Cincinnati, 414 Procter Hall, Cincinnati,
OH 45221 / pb-h: COP; DP~~; College and Univ Machine Records Conference, 2 papers: On-Line Admissions 1970, MIS 1971 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'RUTENBERG, Yechezke 1 H. / org: Compu tax Corp, 601
Nash, El Segundo, CA 90245 / pb-h: ORSA, TIMS,
ACM, ASA (statistics), Sigma Xi; lecturer UCLA
dept of engineering systems; 3 publns / v: 2 /
,:'C 71
*RYDELL, Mary Ann / h: 444 Saratoga Ave, Apt 400,
Santa Clara CA 95050 / v: 1 / *C 71
*RYMER, John E. / systems analyst / t: systems analyst / pb-h: SPA, ASM / v: 1/ ,:'C 71

s
**SABOL, Philip J. / dir of marketing / b: 1932 /
ed: BS, BA / ent: 1959 / m-i: A Sa Sy / t: sr
staff analyst / org: Union America Computer, 1000
SHope St, Los Angeles, CA 90015 / pb-h: DPMA,
NAA; Introduction to EDP / h: 4045 Exultant,
Palos Verdes, CA 90274 / v: 1 / ':'C 71
*SAGALYN, James M. / org: Western Electric, Bell
Telephone Labs, Whippany Rd, Whippany, NJ 07981/
h: 21 Mt Kemble Ave, Morri s town, NJ 07960 / v: 3 /
,:'C 71
*SAGE, Redmond T. / t: manager, real time systems
development / v: 3 / *C 71
':'SAISOL, Philip J. - replace by SABOL, Phi lip J.,
which see
39

*SALAPATAS, James N. / pb-h: registered PE, Who's
Who in South & Southwest (Marquis), Personalities
of the South, 1970, 1971; speaker-author on computer aplns in utility indus; designed and developed MECA, published many articles on industrial
engrg / h: 9480 SW 97 St, Miami, FL 33156 / v: 3 /
C 71
'~SALEH, Hussein A. / ed: MA, arch; PhD, Univ of Pa /
org: Vincent G Kling, Arch & Partners, 1401 Arch
St, Philadelphia, PA 19102 / pb-h: "A dynamic
model for the construction of low-cost housing",
1970 / v: 3 / *C 71
~'SAMMET, Jean F. / m-i: L Mg Ma P Sy; programming
languages. formula manipulation, non-numerical
math, programmer productivity / pb-h: ACM; MAA;
ACL; Northeast Regional Representative ACM Council; organizer & first chmn ACM, SIGSAM; chmn ACM
Committee on Special Interest Groups & Committees;
ACM national lecturer; chmn, ACM SIGPLAN; book,
Pro rammin Lan ua es: Histor & Fundamentals,
1969; numerous published articles
v: 1 3
~'C 71
~":'SAMUELS, Thomas E. / manager management information services / b: 1924 / ed: Robert Morris College / ent: - / m-i: A B D L Mg Sy / t: manager,
management information services / org: Electrical
Products Div, Midland-Ross Corp, 1207 Columbus
Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15233 / pb-h: DPMA, AAONMS,
pres Steel Federal Credit Union / h: 19 High St,
Pittsburgh, PA 15223 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SAMWELS, Thomas E. - replace by SAMUELS, Thomas
E., which see
'~SANDERS, Charles L. / m-i: A B Mg P Sy;
financial
models / t: manager, systems coordination / pb-h:
ASM, DPMA, AMA, ACM / v: 3 / ':'C 71
*SANFILIPPO, Louis J. / org: Catholic Family Life
Ins Society, 1572 E Capitol Dr, Milwaukee, WI
53211 / pb-h: Honeywell Users Group / v: 2 / *C 71
~'SAUNDERS, !verin / ed: Roosevelt Univ, Northwestern
Univ, Cornell Univ / v: 2 / *C 71
*SAVAS, E, S. / t: first deputy city administrator /
h: 1 Bogardus PI, New York. NY 10040 / v: 2 / ':'C 71
*SAVIDGE, David V. / org: Data Transmission Co, PO
Box 6228, Dallas, TX 75222 / v: 1 3 / *C 71
~'SAVITZKY, Abraham / h: 3 Mail Coach Ct, Wilton, CT
06897 / v: 1 / *C 71
~~SCARBROUGH, Wendel A. / instructor data processing /
t: instructor data processing / org: Albuquerque
Technical-Vocational Institute, PO Box 1927, Albuquerque, NM 87103 / h: 1037 Western Meadows Ct
NW, Albuquerque, NM 87114 / v: 2 / ':'C 71
*SCEARCE, William A., Jr. / h: 3508 Hillsboro Ct,
Loui svi lIe, KY 40207 / v: 1 2 / ':'C 71
*SCHAD, Roger P. / h: 4908 Fairheath Rd, Charlotte,
NC 28210 / v: 2 / *C 71
*SCHAFER, Emil / org: Univ of Southern Calif, Univ
Computer Center, 1020 W Jefferson, Los Angeles,
CA 90007 / v: 1 / *C 71
**SCHARP, Glenn A. / computer scientist / b: 1925 /
ed: BSEE, MS computer science / ent: 1957 / m-i:
Sy / t: - / org: Deseret Test Center, Fort Douglas, UT 84113 / pb-h: - / h: Box 8085, Salt Lake
City, UT 84108 / v: 3 / *C 71
.
':'SCHEINOK, P. / pb-h: ACM, MM, SIAM, IMS; Tims;
author and co-author of publns / h: 220 Locust St,
Phi ladelphia, PA 19106 / v: 2 3 / ':'C 71
*SCHEURMAN, Marion L. / operating system analyst /
ed: AA Boise College / m-i: A P Sy / t: operating
system analyst / v: 1 / *C 71
·SCHILLER, Herman / t: project programmer / org:
IBM, Dept D95, Bldg 705, Box 390, Poughkeepsie,
NY 12602 / v: 1 / ':'C 71
':'SCHLEA, Robert E. / org: Baldwin-Wallace College,
Berea, OH 44017 / v: 3 / *C 71
~'SCHMAL, Richard L. / org: Timeplex, Inc, 65 Oak St,
Norwood, NJ 07648 / v: 2 / *C 71
~'SCHMIDT, Allan H. / pb-h: American Inst of Planners"
ACM, URISA; consulting, 7publns / h: 56 Coburn Hill
Rd, Concord, MA 01742 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
40

*SCHMIDT, Paul E. / org: RCA Corp, 633 W Wisconsin
Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53203 / pb-h: Achievement Club /
h: 2525 S Shore Dr, Milwaukee, WI 53207 / v: 3 /
·:·C 71
*SCHMITT, Frederick E., III/management sciences /
ed: BEE, Cornell Univ; MBA, Univ of Delaware /
m-i: time-sharing, process control, scientific
applications, teaching, mgmt sciences / t: operations research analyst / org: Hercules Inc, Wilmington, DE 19899 / h: 2016 Gravers Ln, Wilmington, DE 19810 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'SCHMITZ, Lawrence W. / t: manager, da ta proces si ng
and communications / pb-h: CDP; DPMA, presWisconsin Honeywell Users Group / v: 2 / *C 71
SCHMUTZ, Mathias E. / manager / b: 1930 / ed: BA,
MBA / ent: 1954 / m-i: Mg / t: DP manager / org:
Hewlett Packard, 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA
94304 / pb-h: - / h: 715 Casa Bonita Ct, Los Altos, CA 94022 / v: 2 / ,:'C 70
*SCHUSTER, Daniel J. / ent: 1961 / t: supervisor of
computer services, RD&E div / pb-h: PLAN project
chmn, COMMON, ACM, IEEEi paper, "Engineers and
Computers", Montreal COMMON Conference; paper,
"Computer Usage Accounting Language Under PLAN",
St. Loui s COMMON Conference / v: 3 / ':'C 71
*SCHWARTZ, M. H. / t: director, division of mgmt
info and telecommunication / pb-h: pres SMIS,
"Computer Project Selection in the Business Enterprise" & more than 25 additional articles /
v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'SCHWENKER, J, E. / org: Bell Telephone Labs, Crawford Corner Rd, Holmdel, NJ 07733 / v: 2 / *C 71
*SCHWISTER, Robert / h: 2370 N 82, Wauwatosa, WI
53213 / v: 1 / *C 71
*SCOTT, Dan W. / t: professor and chmn dept computer science / org: North Texas State Univ, PO
Box 13866, Denton, TX 76203 / v: 3 / *C 71
*SCOTT, G. E. j m-i: A Sy / h: - / v: 1 / *C 71
*SCOTT, John Scott / pb-h: ACM, IEEE, Phi Kappa
Phi, Pi Mu Epsilon, Sigma Pi Sigma; about 12
papers in computer aplns / v: 2 / *C 71
*SCOTT, Leslie H., Jr. / t: asst vice-pres / h:
1700 Blanding Blvd, Jacksonville, Fl 32210 / v:
2 / ·:·C 71
*SCOTT, Merlyn J. / org: Georgia-Pacific Corp, 900
SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97204 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'SEARLES, J. R. / director / t: director of administrative services / org: Honeywell Information
Systems, 200 Smith St, Waltham, MA 02154/ v: 3/
':'C 71
':'SELIGMANN, Paul / h: 1431 South Blvd, Evanson, IL
60202 / v: 1 / *C 71
SELL, Victor L. / engineer / b: 1924/ ed: BSE, elec
& mech eng, Queens Univ, Belfast, Ireland / ent:
1957 / m-l: development, engrg & mfg of memory cores
& stack systems / t: product manager / org: Ampex
Corp, 9937 W Jefferson, Culver City, CA 90230 /
pb-h: IEEE / h: 347 24 St, Santa Monica, CA
90402 / v: 3 / *C 70
*SEYMOUR, Lawrence F. / systems manager / ed: Loyola of Baltimore / t: systems manager / org:
Commercial Credit Corp, 300 St Paul PI, Baltimore, MD 21202 / pb-h: DPMA, ASM / h: 921 Saxon
Hill Dr, Cockeysville, MD 21030 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'SHACKELFORD, Lois S. / pb-h: Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha Lambda Delta, Phi Kappa Phi, Pi Mu Epsilon,
Xi Sigma Pi; 2 publi shed pamphlets / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
*SHAPIRO, Sonya Ruth / t: senior technical staff /
org: Telcomp Corp of America, 50 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 / pb-h: ACM, ACL, IEEE / v: 1 /
':'C 71
':'SHARP, Glenn A. - replace by SCHARP, Glenn A.,
which see
*SHAW, Richard H. / h: Fieldstone Court, Yorktown
Heights, NY 10598 / v: 2 3 / ':'C 71
';'SHEPPARD, Louis C. / pb-h: ACM, AIChE, NSPE, NYAS,
Alabama Professional Engineer, Alpha Phi Mu, Theta
Tau; Leaders in American Science, 12 articles & paCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

pers I v: 3 I *C 71
':'SHEPSKI, Edwi n J. I h: 7804 W 46 St, Lyons, IL
60534 I v: 1 / *C 71
*SHERMAN, John E. / m-i: Mg P Sy; data processing,
scientific computing, hybrid computing / t: manager data processing / pb-h: assoc editor "IEEE
Transactions on EC'; pres SCI; director of publns,
Simulation; director AFIPS / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SHOSTACK, Kenneth E. / pb-h: ACM, IEEE, USASI X3.43;
"Computerized Methods for the Routing of Printed
Circui t Boards", Computer Design; "Optimization
of Component Layout and Minimization of Wiring",
NEPCON Proceedings / v: 1 / *C 71
>:'SICHLINGER, Karl H. / ed: 2 yr college / h: 3200
Dublin Dr, San Francisco / CA 94080 / v: 2 / *C 71
*SIGADEL, Myron / h: 14 Herbert Ave, Massapequa, NY
11762 / v: 2 I *C 71
*SILVER, Edward / m-i: C Mg; manufacture & use of
plated memory discs & drums / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SILVERN, Leonard C. / engineering psychologist and
systems engineer / org: Education & Training Consultants, Co, 12121 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 217, Los
Angeles, CA 90025 (Mail: Box 49899, Los Angeles,
CA 90049) / pb-h: listed in: American Men of
Science; Leaders in Education; Two Thousand Men
of Achievement (Brit.); Who's Who in the West;
Contemporary Authors, Writers Directory (Brit.);
Who's Who in California; Who's Who in American
Education; Director of International Bio ra h
(Brit.); and others
v: 3
*C 71
':'SI MMONS , Warren G. / computer technology assi stant /
t: computer technology assistant / org: U S Steel
Corp, 1509 Muriel St, Pittsburgh, PA15203 /v:2 /
,:'C 71
':'SINNOTT, Daniel / t: chmn of the board & president /
h: 25 Mahoras Dr, Wayside, NJ 07712 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SKELLY, Patrick G. / m-i: 0 L Ma Sy; standards /
org: Honeywell Information Systems, PO Box 600,
Phoenix, AZ 85005 / pb-h: IEEE, vice chmn ACM
standards comm, Standards Engineering Society &
ANSI commi t tee s X3, Y32 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
~'SKRAMSTAD, Harold K. / ed: BS, Uni v of Puget Sound,
PhD, Univ of Washington / t: scientific director,
computing center / v: 23/ *C 71
~'SMITH, Anderson Q. / t: executive director, computing services / pb-h: AEDS, Institutional representative to EDUCOM; treasurer, local chapter DPMA /
v: 2 / ,:'C 71
*SMITH, Charles V. / ed: Univ of Virginia / m-i: A
P / v: 2 / ':'C 71
*SMITH, Christopher F.
vice-pres & director of
programming services
t: vice pres & director of
programming services
h: 25 Wyandemere Dr, Woodcliff Lake, NJ / v: 3
*C 71
*SMITH, L. Wheaton / org: IBM Corp, 1501 California
Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 / v: 3 / *C 71
'~SMITH, Robert E. / pb-h: ACM, SPA / h: 365 Chewacla
Dr, Auburn, AL 36830 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SMITH, Robert W., Jr. / h: 26 Thomaston Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 / v: 3 / ':'C 71
':'SMITH, Roulette William / ed: BS, MS, PhD / m-i: P;
computer assisted instruction, computer models of
psychological processes & other educational research employing computers / t: asst professor of
psychology and education / org: Univ of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'SMITH, William A. / pb-h: ASIS, APHA / h: 257 Congressional La, Rockville, MD 20852 / v: 1 / *C 71
':'SNOWDEN, Mark V. / org: EC1g1e Computing Corp, PO
Box 1693, Midland, TX 79701 / pb-h: Registered
Business Programmer, DP~ffi / h: 4311 Cedar Spring,
Midland, TX 79701 / v: 1 2 / *C 71
*SNYDER, Clyde R. / org: York Mechanized Systems,
Inc, 497 Hill St, York, PA 17403 / v: 2 / ,:·C 71
':'SNYDER, Frank Gerald / org: Lockheed Electronics
Co, Data Products Div, 6201 E Randolph St, Los Angeles, CA 90040 / v: 3/ ,:·C 71
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

':'SNYDERMAN, Martin I org: Science Information Exchange, 1730 M St, NW, Room 300, Washington, DC
20036 / pb-h: 9 papers on management of data processing / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SPACKEY, Melvin C. / t: corp director systems and
data processing / org: Kelsey Hayes, Romulus, MI
48174 / pb-h: ASM, DPMA / v: 2 / ~·C 71
':'SPAMAN, William C. / org: Cal tec Inc, 3023 Sylvania
Ave, Toledo. OH 43613 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'SPRENG, T. E. / ed: BBA, MLA, Southern Methodist
Univ / t: assistant vice-pres / v: 2 / *C 71
'!:'C 71

v
VAN ARNEM, Harold L. / executive / b: 1940 / ed:
BA, economics / ent: 1962 / m-i: A B Mg Ma P Sa
Sy; facilities mgmt, time sharing service bureau /
t: president / org: Applied Computer Time Share
Inc (ACTS), 29200 Southfield, Southfield, MI
48075 / pb-h:' Ntl Accountants Manuscript Award
1967, Engineering Society of Detroit / h: 392
Lakeside, Brimingham, MI48009 / v: 1 2 3/ ,:'C 71
':'VAN NESS, Robert G. / org: Metropolitan Computer
Center, 1600 S Glendale Ave, Glendale, CA 91205 /
h: 1519 Western Ave, Glendale, CA 91201 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'Van WAGNER, Arthur J. / org: Westwood Pharmaceu ticals Inc. 468 Dewitt St, Buffalo, NY 14213 / v: 2/
,:'C 71
':'VanHEMERT, Gary A. / t: manager / org: Rocket Research Corp, 11441 Willows Rd, Redmond, WA98052/
pb-h: DPMA, COP / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':":'VEDECKAS, AI/manager / t: mgr, systems installation / org: Singer, 313 Underhill Blvd, Syosset,
NY / h: 2201 N Atlantic Ave, Spray Beach, NJ / v:
1 / ':'C 71

':'VELDMAN, Donald J. / h: 3007 Savoy, Austi n TX
78731 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'VENDELAND, Allan J. / t: project manager / pb-h:
Cleveland Chapter bd of directors ASM, editor
Forms Control & Desi n, & Methods for Evaluatin
Ca ital and or Ex ense Pro'ects
v: 1
*C 71
**VERCHOT, Louis J.
writer, marketing administrator / b: 1933/ ed: BA, English / ent: 1961 /m-i:
Mg Sa; public relations, marketing publns / t:
mgr, graphic communications / org: Cybermatics,
Inc, 2460 Lemoine Ave, Ft Lee, NJ 07024 / pb-h: - /
h: 636 Ridgewood Rd, Westwood PO, m 07675/ v: 3/
':'C71
':'VESINO, A. - replace by URSINO, A., which see
':'VEVECHOT, Loui s J. - replace by VERCHOT, Loui s J.,
which see
':'VICKROY, William R. / t: dir of marketing / org:
McDonnell Douglas Automation Co, Box 516, St Louis,
MO 63166 / h: 5 Ladue Downs, St Louis, MO 63141 /
v:3 i *C 71
.
'::O:'VILLERS, Philippe / director of engineering / b:
1935/ ed: AB, Harvard; S~l, mT / ent: 1965/m-i:
A Mg; computer graphics / t: senior vice-pres /
org: Computervision Corp, South Ave, Burlington,
rllA 01803 / pb-h: AIAA, AS~lE, IEEE / h: 872 ~lassa
chusetts Ave, Cambridge, ~lA 02139 / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'VILLERS, Phillippe - replace by VILLERS, Philippe,
which see
':'VITALE, Robert F. / t: marketing mgr, indep study/
org: Honeywell Info Systems, Inc, 70 Walnut St,
Wellesley Hills, MA 02181 / pb-h: ASTD; lecturer
in electronic data processing, Northeastern Univ;
"Honeywell Communicntions ~lix", Audio-Visual Communications / v: 3 / *C 71
*VITELLI, John B. / consultant / t: - / org: - /
v: 2 / ,:'C 71
*VOLDACH, Fritz B. / org: Control Data Corp, 4201 N
Lexington Ave, Arden Hills, MN 55112/ v: 3/':'C71
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

w
':'WAGNER, F. R. / m-i: A Ma ~Ig P / t: chief scientific
programming / org: McDonnell Douglas Automation
Co, Box 516, St Louis, MO 63166 / h: 913 Madison
St, Charles, MO 63301 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'WALKER, Crayton C. / m-i: A Ma / t: associate professor / org: Univ of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
06268 / pb-h: 15 publns / h: 63 Mansfield Apts,
Storrs, CT 06268 / v: 3 / *C 71
WARNER, Harold F. / manufacturer (memories) / b:
1923 / ed: AB, Allegheny ColI; MBA, Univ of Michigan / ent: 1958 / m-i: Mg / t: di r of operations /
org: Electronic Memories & Magnetics Corp, Keasbey,
NJ 08832 / pb-h: ACM / h: 18 Overlook Dr, Holmdel,
NJ 07733 / v: 23/ *C 70
':'WASHINGTON, Herman A. / m-i: A B Ma Sy / org: The
Systems Discipline Inc, 919 Third Ave, New York,
NY 10022/ pb-h: ACM, IEEE, MIA. (mgmt) / v: 2 3/ ,:'C 71
':'WATKINS, Douglas E. / t: sr research & planning
specialist / org: GTE Sylvania Inc, 5700WGenesee,
Camillus, NY 13031 / h: 22 Ball Rd, Syracuse, NY
13215 / v: 2 / *C 71
*WATTS, Duane E. / consultant / t: principal, Mgmt
Advisory Services / h: 159 Big Oak Rd, Stamford,
Ct 06903 / v: 3 / *C 71
':'WEBER, Neil J. / n!-i: 0 L Mg P Sa Sy / t: mgr of
software development / org: Badger Meter Inc,
Electronics Div, 4545 W Brown Deer Rd, Milwaukee,
WI 53223/ h: Rt 2, Box 245, Hartland, WI 53029 /
v: 1 / ,:'C 71
':'WEGSTEIN, Joseph H. / b: 1922 / ed: BS, MS, Univ
of Illinois / ent: 1949 / m-i: automated fingerprint identification / org: Center for Computer
Sciences & Technology, Natl Bureau of Standards,
Washington, DC 20234 / pb-h: visiting lecturer
1961 winter trimester, Computation Data Procg
Center, Univ of Pittsburgh; ALGOL, COBOL, "Accelerating Iterative Processes", "Fingerprint
Automation" / v: 2 / ,:'C 71
':'WEIBEL, Leonard A. / m-i: time shared legal information retrieval / org: Mead Data Control, Subsid Mead Corp, 1368 Research Pk Dr, Dayton, OH
45452 / h: 912 E Rahn Rd, Dayton OH 45429 / v:
3 / ,:'C 71
*WEIL, Allen C. / t: asst actuary / org: Security
Mutual Life Insurance Co of NY, Court House Sq,
Binghamton, NY 13902 / h: 5 Riverside Dr, Binghamton, NY 13905 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'WEIL, John William / director / t: director / org:
Advanced Systems & Technology, Honeywell Information Systems Inc, 200 Smith St, Waltham, J\;IA. 02154/
pb-h: ACM, Various publns on nuclear reactor design & information systems / h: 63 Sylvan Rd,
Weston, MA 02193 / v: 3 / ,:'C 71
':'WEINBERGER, F. Richard / t: manager software development / org: Lockheed Electronics Co, 6201 E
Randolph St, Los Angeles, CA 90040 / pb-h: ACM,
IEEE, ISA / h: 13071 Rainbow St , Garden Grove, CA
92643 / v: 2 / *C 71
':'WEIZER, Norman / m-i: 0 P Sy / t: mgr, LES product
deisgn & evaluation / org: RCA, SPPL, Bldg 214-1,
Camden NJ 08101/ pb-h: ACM, IEEE; author of several
papers on virtual memory systems design and evaluation / v: 1 / *C 71
':'WELLS, Joan A. / EDP trainer manager / ent: 1959/
m-i: A Mg P Sy / t: senior data processing systems analyst / org: State of Calif, Office of
Management Services, 1400 10th, Sacramento, CA
95814 / pb-h: treas Sacramento Stat Assoc / v:
1 2 / ,:'C 71
':'WERNER, Oswald / ed: PhD, Indiana Univ / t:professor /'h: 2609 Ridge Ave, Evans ton, IL 60101 'j v : 3/
,:'C 71
':":'WESCOTT, Frederic M., Jr. / director computer center / b: 1930 / ed: BA, Harpur College; MA, Columbia / ent: 1967 / m-i: A Mg Sy / t: director
43

computer center I org: Orange County Community
College, 115 South St, Middletown, NY 10940 I pb-h:
Phi Delta Kappa I h: Greeves Rd, New Hampton, NY
10958 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'WESTCOTT, Frederic M., Jr. - replace by WESCOTT,
Frederic M., Jr., which see
*WHITFIELD, Russell L. led: BBA, MBA, CPA I org:
National Twist Drill & Tool Co, Rochester Rd, Rochester, MI 48063 I v: 2 3 I *C 71
*WHITTENBORN, August F. - replace by WITTENBORN,
August F., which see
':'WICKENDEN, Henry R. I org: Applied Da ta Research
Inc, Rte 206 Center, Princenton, NJ08540 Ih:3
Penn-Lawr Rd, Pennington, NJ08534 Iv: 13 I ':'C71
':'WICKER, Rosalind B. I analyst It: lead system analyst I h: 1101 Great OakDr, Columbus, OH43213 I v:
1 I ·:·C 71
>!·WILLIAMS. H. C. I programmer-analyst I m-i: A B P
Sy I t: sr programmer-analyst I org: Cramer Div,
Conrac Corp, Old Saybrook, CT 06475 I pb-h: CDP,
Eastern Connecticut Chapter DPMA, Connecticut
Chapter ASM I v: 2 I *C 71
':'WILLMERT, Winston R. I vice-pres I b: 1925 I t:
vice-pres I org: Honeywell Information Systems,
Peripheral Operations. 8611 Balboa Ave, San Diego,
CA 92112 I v: 2 I ,:'C 71
*WILSON, James Bruce I org: National Biomedical Research Foundation, Georgetown Univ School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Rd. NW. Washington. DC 20007 I
v: 1 I ,:'C 71
':·WILSON. Ross B. I h: 1612 Lincoln St. Evanston. IL
60201 I v: 3 I *C 71
*WILSON. Russell M. I vice-pres & comptroller led:
BS. Brown Univ; MBA, New York Univ I m-i: A B Mg I
t: vice,~pres & comptroller I org: Uni ted States
Envelope Co, Box 3300, Springfield, MA 01101 I
pb-h: FEI. ACS, AIlE I v: 3 I *C 71
'~WINSTON, Arthur H. I org: Icebreaker Inc, 1966
Broadway, New York, NY 10023 I v: 2 I ·:·C 71
':'WISE, Fred H. I pb-h: AMA; IMS; AEDS, Innovation
Group; developed Center for Mgmt Systems at Univ
of Georgia to stimulate the introduction of EDP
and advanced mgmt techniques in business I h: 405
Riverhill Dr, Athens, GA 30601 I v: 3 I *C 71
>:'WITMER, David R. led: BS, history; MS, education
admn; PhD, higher education I t: director of institutional studies & academic planning I pb-h:
AERA; WLA; AAHE; IRA; PDK; "Unit Cost Studies";
"Economic Benefi ts of College Education" I h: 6245
S Highlands Ave, Madi son, WI 53705 I v: 3 I ·:·C 71
':":'WITTENBORN, August F. I corporate mgmt I b: 1923 I
ed: BSc, MA, PhD, physics lent: 1953 I m-i: A Mg
Ma I t: pres I org: Tracor Computing Corp, 1705
Guadalupe St, Austin, TX 78701 I pb-h: over 30 reports on systems simulation & analysis for sonar,
radar, war gaming & general math problem solving I
h: 3405 Southi 11 Circle, Austin, TX 78703 I v: 2 I ,:'C 71
*WIXTED, Joseph F. led: 6 yrs evening college I t:
senior systems designer I org: C&O/8&O Railroads,
Civil Plaza Bldg, Baltimore, MD 21201 I pb-h: ASM,
TAG I h: 9906 Hoyt Circle, Randallstown, MD211331
v: 2 I >:'C 71
':'WOLFE, H. C. I t: vice-pres I org: Management Systems Corp, 7007 Preston Rd, Dallas, TX 75205 I h:
7920 Greenhollow, Dallas, TX 75240 I v: 3 I *C 71
*WOLFE, William R. led: B E Mg I t: supervisor systems programmer I org: GTE Sylvania Inc, 5700 W
Genessee St, Camillus, NY 13031 I v: 1 I *C 71
';;WOO, Way Dong I org: Kybe Corp, 132 Calvary St,
Waltham, MA 02154 I h: 1 Todd Pond Rd, Lincoln, MA
01773 I v: 2 I *C 71
·WooDBURY, Max A. I t: prof of biomathematics & professor of computer science I org: Duke Medical
Center, Duke Univ, PO Box 3200, Durham, NC 27706 I
v: 3 I ,:·C 71
*WORLEY, Jan It: staff instructor I org: IBM, 1
California St, San Francisco, CA 94111 I pb-h:
CDP I v: 1 3 I *C 71
44

*YAKE, Douglas E. I DP mgr led: U of D I m-i: A Mg
Sy I t: div DP mgr I org: North American Rockwell
Corp, Clifford at Bagley, Detroit, MI 48231 I h:
Coventry Gardens, Royal Oak, MI I v: 3 I *C 71
';'YANG, David J. / t: director I h: 6819 Park Lane,
Palos Heights, IL 60463 I v: 2 I *C 71
':'YANOF, Howard M. I m-i: A D Sy I pb-h: Biomedical
Electronics; APS, Biophysical Society; Society for
Neuroscience; Sigma Xi I h: 5224 Kearsdale, Toledo, OH 43623 I v: 1 3 I *C 71
*YNGUE, Victor H. - replace by YNGVE, Victor H.,
which see
':":'YNGVE, Victor H. I professor I b: 1920 led: BS, MS,
PhD lent: 1949 I m-i: C D P Sy; linguistics I t:
professor I org: Univ of Chicago, Chicago, IL
60637 I pb-h: COMIT language manuals and articlesl
h: - I v: 3 I *C 71
':'YOCKUM, J. Karl I manager I m-i: A B Mg P Sy It:
mgr data processing center I org: National Cash
Register, 940 Madison Ave, Baltimore, MD 21201 I
pb-h: CDP I h: 5073 W Running Brook Rd, Columbia,
MD 21043 I v: 1 2 I ,:'C 71
YOCUM, John E. I sales rep I b: 1938 I ed: MBA,
Univ of Arizona lent: 1969 I m-i: B Mg Sa I t:
sales rep I org: General Electric Co, Information
Systems Div, 3810 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA
90005 I pb-h: AMA; AFA; DPMA, publns dir, Long
Beach Chpt I h: 5947 Armaga Springs Rd, Palos
Verdes Peninsula, CA 90005 I v: 3 I ,:'C 70
*YOUD, Henry S. I b: 1938 led: BA, math, Univ of
Bridgeport; Northwestern Univ Grad School of Mgmt I
m-i: A B Mg P Syl t: software engineering mgr I
pb-h: DPMA, CDP, ACM, AMA I v: 2 I *C 71

z
led:

':'ZACHAREK, Anthony J.
BS, engineering math,
Univ of Arizona I org: Kitt Peak National Observatory, 950 N Cherry, Tucson, AZ 85717 I v: 1 I ·:·C 71
ZAIMI, K. I executive I b: 1939 led: BS, engrg;
MBA lent: 1966 I m-i: ABC Mg I t: president I
org: World Research Corp~ 36 State St, Chicago,
IL 60603 I pb-h: 4 professional societies I h: PO
Box 195, Chicago, IL 60609 I v: 2 I *C 70
ZIEGENER, James G. I systems analyst I b: 1943 I
ed: BS, MBA lent: 1967 I m-i: A B Mg Sy; marketing I t: systems analyst I org: Atlantic Richfield
Co, 700 Broadway, New York, NY 10020 I pb-h: - I
h: 6 Morse Dr, Maplewood, NJ 07040 I v: 1 I ·:·C 70
':'ZIEGLER, James Craig I t: director-advanced systems & part owner I org: Data Communications Corp,
2200 Union Ave, Memphis, TN 38104 I pb-h: 71-72
chmn Memphis Chapter ACM I v: 3 I *C 71
':'ZIMMERMANN, G. A·. I org: Computer Aid Companies,
Inc, Preston Forest Tower, Dallas TX 75230 I v:
1 3

I ·:·C 71

':'ZIMMERMANN, William A. I t: sr programmer I h: 118
Shiloh Dr, Madison, WI 53705 I v: 1 I ·:·C 71
':'ZINN, Karl L. I org: Center for Research on'Learning & Teaching. bniv of Michigan, 109 E Madison
St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 I pb-h: AAAS, AERA, APA,
standards comm AEDS, IEEE, chmn ACM SIGCUE: consulting editor, 3 journals; invited contributor
to intI conferences on computers in education;
chapters 9 books, over 30 articles, co-editor of
3 conference proceedings / v: 1 3 I *C 71
':'ZINSLI, Peter F. I vice-pres, product devt / org:
Computer Machinery Corp, 2231 S Barrington Ave,
Los Angeles, CA 90064 I h: 15045 Altata, Pacific
Palisades, CA 90272 I v: 2 I *C 71
*ZOLLER, John D. lent: 1948 I h: 2012 Ocean Front
S, Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250 / v: 2 3 / *C 71
':'ZUSMAN, Fred S. It: pres I org: Scientific Management Systems, 7910 Woodmont Ave, Bethesda, MD
20014 I v: 1 2 I *C 71
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

This we see already in a number of countries. It will go
much further and faster.
Your industry can leave regulation to others, as you are
now doing; or it can take the lead in devising and recommending forms of regulation, codes of behaviour, and
standards of professional ethics which will reassure the
community and demonstrate that you are a responsible
industry - that you can be trusted. I do not believe that
this will in any way damage the immense contribution
which the industry can make to the economic well-being of
the community. It will not damage your commercial effectiveness, nor your efficiency. You must decide. We in
Britain are already slightly ahead of you. But we hope not
for long.
13. I nternational Aspects
of the Computer Industry

My second topic concerns the international aspects of
your industry. The question I want to ask is whether you
are really looking ahead at the impact on overseas countries
of the growth of an information industry which is dominated by your computer industry. Have you thought about
the trouble you may be building up for yourselves in the
future?
14. Independence Technologically
As Well As Politically

believe that any country that considers itself to be
independent must have a certain independence technologically as well as politically. And this applies forcibly to
computers - more than to any other industry. Of course I
know that some of you accept this and offer technology
freely. Others do not. It is to the latter that I address these
words.
Looking at you from our side of the Atlantic it is
impossible not to be struck by the parallel between the
American Empire today and the British Empire of a
hundred years ago. Nonsense, you will say. The British
Empire was political, ours is simply commercial and
industrial. But let me remind you that the British Empire
began as a commercial and industrial network, and let me
ask you if you are sure the American Empire will not end
up as a political system?
Let me hasten to say that I am not here to accuse
anyone of neo-imperialism. I know perfectly well that
America does not have political designs on any other
country, that she has no territorial ambitions in Latin
America - or indeed South East Asia. But I also know,
from Britain's experience with her Empire, that the logic of
large-scale international trade and massive overseas investment leads to certain inescapable conclusions, and they are
political conclusions.
They are not necessarily harmful conclusions. I am not
here to apologise for the British Empire; I suspect that
when the final balance sheet is drawn up there will be more
on the credit side, and less on the debit side, than the
current fashion allows us to suggest.
15. A Glaring Economic Mistake:
Tying the Customers In

But, we made one glaring mistake - an economic
mistake - which we are still paying for. I suspect you may
make it all over again.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

We started, as you did, aggressive, enterprising and
astoundingly modern and efficient. There was something
irresistible about British technology in the early days of the
Empire. But, when we had established our markets, we
made the mistake of tying them into our system. Instead of
letting them develop independently, instead of competing
with other nations for their custom in an open market, we
used our dominance to make them take our products.
Instead of encouraging them to develop their own technology and know-how, we kept them dependent on ours. It
was great while it lasted - we did not have to compete, we
did not have to sell, we just had to produce. And gradually
we became arrogant, uncompetitive, and more dependent
on them than they were on us. Some of our older industries
have not recovered yet. And so when the Empire wanted
more political independence, we were not ready for independence - fo'r commercial independence.
16. When Things Look Good,
One Makes the I rreversible Mistake

You are still in the first aggressive stage, and perhaps
these warnings may sound remote. Believe me they are not.
It's always the same in business - it's when things look
good that you make the irreversible mistake. Can those who
dominate your computer industry put their hands on their
hearts and say "we are encouraging other countries to
develop their own technology, their know-how, Sl) that
they can learn to be independent of us - even though it
will mean our fighting for their custom in the years ahead?
We are not tying any country's information system, any
national government's information system, to one American corporation? We are encouraging local participation,
issuing local equity, and not just putting in national
managers to carry out American policies?" Believe me, the
tied market is an addictive drug - a narcotic, and sometimes a hallucinogenic. And I speak as representative of a
nation that has been through the cold turkey treatment.
Now as far as these overseas countries are concerned, it
is their information that is being handled - not American
information. Its handling is an integral 'part of their autonomy. So what any self-respecting country should expect
from the leading country in the world's technological
Empire is technological independence. In other words, a
complete range of technology and know-how - not just
some segments to suit your management rules about overseas operations.
17. The Right to
Nationally Independent Technology

In fact every country has the right to enough independent technology to allow it to carryon independently if
political factors make it desirable or necessary. But unfortunately, that is not what is happening. The American
technology Empire is making the same mistakes as the
British Empire. It is trying to control countries by depriving
them of technology in just the same way that 'we did by
keeping from them the machines of our industrial revolution.
You may say that if you do this, i.e., pass on your
technology, you will encourage nationalisation (or at least
make it easier). Nationalisation is, of course, an emotive
dirty word. As an audience you resent it and understandably so. But are you offering any better alternative? Or any
alterna tive?
47

18. The Creation of Satellites

Speaking as a representative of that other Empire, I feel
I am in an ideal position to advise you as to what you
should do. You argue that laying down plant in various
countries is enough. That in so doing you are providing
employment for the local inhabitants. But that is not
enough. It is not enough merely to create employment, and
you should not imagine that by setting down plant and
employing nationals you have fulfilled your responsibility.
You haven't. I agree that it is an excellent step to take, but
it is a fallacy to imagine that because you are in a position
to say: "Most of our plant is run by French or British or
German personnel" then you have created a real interna tional company. You haven't. You have created a satellite. And that is not the same thing - ask any Czech or
Hungarian.
So you must do two things, unless you wish to see your
Empire go the same way as ours. You must offer the whole
wide spectrum of technology so that, if for political reasons
a breach occurs, countries are not cut off - left running
around like a chicken without a brain or with only one
wing.
19. Partners, A Necessary Nuisance

Equally importantly, you may well have to offer some
ownership of local business. In my Company, ICL, for
example, why shouldn't an Australian be able to buy shares
in ICL Australia? The immediate answer is, of course, that
ICL shares traded in London reflect sales in seventy
markets across the world. But all the Australian wishes,
quite simply, is to be able to share directly in the efforts of
his own company in his own country.
I can hear you all saying that this is all very well and
fine, but we must insist upon 100 per cent ownership in
order to run our world-wide business efficiently. You must
have one sense of purpose. Now I agree that partners are a
nuisance because you have to pay some attention to them.
Decisions may get slowed up or have to be changed. Hut the
information business more than any other business is a
partnership. One of the unique features of the industry is
that the usual buyer/seller relationship is being replaced
progressively by a partnership between supplier and customer. There is no other way for the industry. Gone are the
days when computer suppliers can continue a "take it or
leave it" attitude to their customers.

worthwhile civilisation.
Whilst we are talking about the international trade in
computers, you will no doubt expect me to comment on
trade with the USSR; and Eastern Europe. As you know,
your Government exercises a virtual veto over the sale of
certain computer systems to those markets. You will also
know that ICL has built up a substantial business with the
USSR and Eastern Europe, and the further extension of
this important business is now being inhibited by your
Government.
21. The Use of Technology as an Instrument
of Foreign Policy
It is my personal view that technology should not be
used as an instrument of foreign policy. I believe that the
purpose of technology is to increase the wealth and happiness of mankind. It should, therefore, be made widely
available. I also believe in World Peace through World Trade
- that peace will be preserved longer if the standard of
living of all people in all countries is progressively improved.
I accept, however, that Governments have decided to
regulate the supply of certain strategic materials to certain
countries. This is none of my business. But I do not accept
that for computers the present system is achieving any
useful purpose. On the contrary, it makes us all look stupid
in the eyes of people in Russia and in Eastern Europe. They
know they have great technical skills and are rapidly
acquiring greater skills. Just look at their achievements in
Space. But up to now ordinary commercial and scientific
computers do not seem to enjoy a high priority. It is now
clearly realised that the proper use of information-handling
systems will provide substantial support for increased industrial output and efficiency - for increasing their wealth.
Let us not delude ourselves; these countries are going to
have a powerful computer industry and I believe we should
help them and not hinder them. All the necessary end-use
undertakings have been given by the customers. What do we
achieve by depriving them of new products and systems? I
venture to believe that much of your industry shares my
views; otherwise why should the dominant supplier and
several other American firms carry several times the number
of staff for Eastern Europe that ICL has - and we do have
a major share of the business?

22. A New Relationship
Between Supplier and Customer
20. The Subs~itution of Size
and Power, for Wisdom

If you do not take the initiative it will, I suggest, be
taken from you increasingly over the coming years. I
believe that we in ICL are ahead of you in our attitudes. I
suspect you may be trying to subsitute size and power for
wisdom. We - the British - tried it and it did not work.
Perhaps I may paraphrase a recent leading article in the
London "Times". The harmonisation of the United States
with the rest of the world - which is surely the real
purpose of foreign policy - will come more surely if you
seek to create a common civilisation and not to control
technology. To your friends, the United States seems to be
making civilisation the by-product creation of wealth
through the control of technology; may we suggest that the
creation of wealth be regarded more as the by-product of a
48

To sum up, you dominate a rapidly growing vital
industry. The industry is becoming more and more international. Your market place cannot satisfy your aspirations.
But, the information industry is unique in demanding a-new
relationship between supplier and customer - it demands a
partnership. You have, therefore, to convince your international customers, Governments, public and private organisations, and Universities that you accept this. You must
make them feel that they are not being dominated - that
they are your partners.
23. Responsibility of the Computer Industry
for Education and Training of the Community

My third topic is the responsibility of the industry for
education and training. Here I am not just thinking of
training your own staff or, for that matter, your customers'
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

staff. I am thinking of a much wider and more important
problem. How do you educate and train the community in
general to accept and take advantage of the enormous
benefits which our industry can provide? How do we bring
down our industry from the stratosphere of the elite to the
level of the ordinary man in the street, or at least in the
office? Much of the widespread criticism of the computer
industry stems from the mystique (or mumbo-jumbo) in
which the industry envelops itself; the jargon it proliferates,
the elitism it encourages. It is not sufficient to communicate with the computer staff of your customers - you must
communicate with the entire organisation from the Board
of Directors downwards to the office or the shop floor.
I suggest we have all done this badly. We have encouraged the mystique and elitism; we have concentrated on
selling computers, but to the computer staff of our customers and not to the whole organisation. And to be fair
many of our customers have encouraged this implicitly if
not explicitly. Certainly in Britain the gap between the
Board room and the computer room is frequently wide and
could well be getting wider. The reasons for this gap are
not difficult to find out, nor are the solutions. And again if
the industry does not find and sell its own solutions they
will be found for us and we may not like them.
24. A Better Return from the Investment
in the Computer Department

could perhaps mention one solution which we are
pursuing in ICL. We have invited the Chairman or Managing
Directo~s of important companies in both the public and
private sectors, including Permanent Secretaries of major
Government Departments, to join us in discussion groups 6 or 7 people in each of these groups - for just one and a
half days. I have myself been a member of each group.
These discussion groups have concentrated their attention
solely on the gap between top management and computer
departments, so that they can make a better return on their
investment. We have already, I believe, removed much of
the mystique from the computer and concentrated on the
real issue, namely how to improve the performance of the
customer's business. These discussion groups have certainly
proved to be very successful.
We have also to persuade our customers that they have
to demonstrate that their computer room is a normal part
of their business. There is nothing different or special about
it. It is like any other part of the business. It is there only
to improve the performance of the entire organisation, to
make life easier and profits bigger. It is not a panacea for
bad organisation or poor performance: in fact it would
probably make bad organisation worse and poor performance poorer.
25. Public Fears and Suspicions of Computers

More difficult, is to communicate these same thoughts
throughout the community as a whole. The man in the
street's growing fears and suspicions of computers are a
matter for concern to us all. For, sooner or later these fears
and suspicions will be translated into some form of regulation. The dangers inherent in the information handling
capability of computers are what we read about in the
Press. How often do we read of the great contribution that
this same capability can make to human well-being? I
suggest that the industry has a major responsibility to
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

reassure the community, and that means, again, getting
away from elitism and mystique - getting down to simple
facts and simple descriptions. We simply must not allow
boffins and pundits to bemuse an already suspicious community about the brave new fully-computerised world in
which few of us would wish to live.
26. Small Technical Groups
Holding the Community to Ransom

One other danger is inherent in the present situation. It
also calls, in my view, for urgent study. This danger is the
power which is being increasingly vested in the hands of a
few people. More and more vital public services are already
facing this problem. In Britain and elsewhere key personnel
in the electricity supply industry have been able virtually to
hold the community to ransom. Similar attitudes have been
adopted by the work force in transport (rail, road and air),
in sewage, refuse collection and so on. It will be a tragedy if
the computer industry does not learn from this bitter
experience. And to make certain that a small group within
industry cannot hold the community to ransom by refusing
to operate vital information systems.
The development of a professional ethical attitude by
the work force in the industry can no doubt help. But the
real solution will surely have to come from making computer systems more comprehensible and more accessible to
a broader stratum of people. We must simplify total
systems. We have to design them starting from the customer, and making his requirements the specification for
the design of hardware and software; and not, as has been
the case in the past, making the customer meet the
specifications of the hardware designer and his software
ally. It must become possible for a large number of people
to continue to operate systems if a small technical group
decides to stop work. And this is, surely, what training and
education is really about.
27. The Customer's Freedom of Choice

Last, what more can be done to develop real competition in your industry so that the customer in all countries
feels that he has a genuine freedom of choice - is not being
dominated?
I suppose there can be few industries where widespread
dissatisfaction by the customer with what he has bought is
accompanied by equally widespread willingness to continue
to take more punishment. Few of you will disagree with
the general proposition that in the past the computer
industry has tended to give the customer what it had and
not what he needed or wanted. Perhaps this didn't matter
when computers were dealing with electronic bookkeeping
and scientific uses. But now the industry is concerned
deeply with information, especially with giving management in every human activity the means of improving
performance and competence, the needs of the user must
surely be decisive.
28. The Customer's Protection
of His Existing Investment

What the user needs more than anything else is the
protection of his existing, often very large, investment in
information systems. And, second, real choice so that he
can switch from one computer system to another without
undue trouble. The protection of the user's investment is
49

largely a question of making sure the system he has
purchased has a sufficiently long life to make it possible for
him to get a proper return on the investment. Too often the
user is offered 'dramatic' improvements in performance
before he has even had an opportunity of getting a fair
return on the investment he has already made. You sell him
the blossom on the apple tree and then uproot the tree
before he gets the fruit!
The industry must, therefore, ask itself, and ask itself
urgently, what it can do to make sure the customer does get
a good return on money invested. And this means using his
system well and extending its useful life. Let us bear in
mind also that this brings equal advantage to the computer
manufacturer, who also must be concerned at all times to
make sure that the life of the products he is offering for
sale in the market place is long enough to justify the
investment he has made in producing these products.
29. World Standards in the Computer Field

Second, the industry needs, and badly needs, standardisation. As a newcomer, it is to me incredible that an
industry of its present size can have made such slow
progress along the path of international standards. And I
am not seeking to belittle the gallant efforts of BEMA and
ECMA. I believe that this slowness must be due very largely
to the unusual structure of your industry.
30. Plug-to-Plug Peripherals

What we surely need are world standards which look
ahead and are not de facto standards imposed by the
dominant supplier. There seems to be no reason at all why
the industry cannot agree on forward-looking standards,
and especially upon standard interfaces. I know that you
already have had a real growth in plug-to-plug peripherals
which has been assisted by the position of the dominant
supplier. But, it needs to go far beyond that. Plug-to-plug
peripherals are just the beginning of standard interface
arrangements so that peripheral controllers, front end
processors and, indeed, complete systems, can have a
standard interface. Thus the customer is free to buy a
complete system from any manufacturer, or any part of
that system - hardware or software - from any number of
suppliers. Your industry is ripe for such standards and
standard interfaces. Probably the user will never be in a
stronger position to insist upon this when the growth rate
has had its first real set back.
We, from outside, have seen in your country a serious
drive for greater compatibility. In addition, the process of
unbundling and of fragmentation has made this search for
standards both more necessary and easier. The rapid development of common software languages and common carrier
communications standards have brought compatibility very
much nearer. I repeat, not just to plug-to-plug compatibility, but systems compatibility. Unbundling itself has
opened the gates to increasing customer choice, and it has
encouraged the already growing trend towards fragmentation of the industry. We have seen the rapid growth of
independent supplies of terminals, services and components. The impact of the sudden proliferation of independent suppliers on the major manufacturers of systems
and on the market has not been fully felt yet, - but, it
certainly marks a milestone along'the road of customer
independence from system suppliers. We are bound to see a
rapid growth of second suppliers to rrtaj~r users.
50

31. Standard·1 nterfaces .
All these developments give a remarkable, perhaps
unique, opportunity to use standard interfaces to develop
formal or informal standards among computer suppliers not just in America, but overseas. And this will sharpen
international competition, especially from non-American
firms.
It cannot be good for you and it cannot be good for us if
America continues to dominate the world in this vital,
growing, industry. And world standards, looking to the
future needs of customers, are surely the right way to bring
this change about. We in Europe also hope very much that
we will see more and more associations along the lines
recently developed between Control Data Corporation in
your country, ICL in the U.K., and CII in France.
To sum up, the information industry based on computers is unique in many ways, especially in its novel
reliltionship between supplier and customer. The industry
has a special task of giving the customer real value for
money, of protecting the customers' growing investment in
information systems and of offering customers real freedom
of choice. Real freedom of choice, which is what competition is about anyway, must come from genuine international standards such as standard interfaces.
These standards must look to the future needs of the
customer. Your industry alone can make this possible. We
in Britain, and I think the industry in Europe, will willingly
join you in demonstrating thIS point. Indeed, we have
already made a start.
32. Acceptance of the Responsibility
that Goes with Power

With your usual courtesy, you have been taking, quietly
and calmly, advice from someone else as to how you should
carry out your own responsibilities. We do not like our
neighbours to mow our lawns. They usually pull up more
grass than they cut. And how the rose beds suffer!
But, if I am allowed a final assault on your hospitality,
may I say that looking at your great country from outside,
you still do not seem to have accepted fully the responsibility which goes with power, or reconciled yourselves to
the endless criticism which goes with responsibility.

33. - and With Power, Endless Criticism
Over some centuries, we in Britain have become used to
constant criticism, indeed abuse, of the way in which we
have tried to carry out the responsibilities which followed
on from our world power. You will feel that great decisions
like the Marshall Plan, Korea and Vietnam offer adequate
evidence of your determination to matcli your great world
power with equal responsibilities. The fact that the rest of
the world may seem at times to doubt this is hurtful, and I
offer you no comfort: the criticism will go on as long as the
power.
So, with your great computer industry, you have the
power. You must now take the lead in demonstrating to the
entire international community - of Governments, organisations and individuals - that you have accepted fully the
responsibi~ities which go with that power. The longer you
delay, the greater will be the risk that others will take
decisions for you. But it is still not too late, and I know
that your industry has the capability to do this job well.
The only question is: do you have the will?
0
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND
THE NEW YORK TIMES
"Something stinks about this whole affair. .. , The stench is there
and clings to each one of us. "

Samuel F. Thurston
Newton, Mass.

On December 1, 1970, "The New York Times" published a review by John Leonard of two books. The
two books were:
AMERICAN GROTESQUE:

An Account of the Clay~
in the City of
New Orleans, by James Kirkwood. 669 pages,
Simon and Schuster, $11.95
Shaw-Jim-Garrison~Affair

A HERITAGE OF STONE, by Jim Garrison, 253
pages, Putnam, $6.95
In the early edition of "The New York Times" the
title of the review was:
Books of the Times:
WHO KILLED JOHN KENNEDY?
In the later edition the title of the review was:
Books of the Times:
THE SHAW-GARRISON AFFAIR
In the early edition, the last 43 lines of the
review read as follows ("he" in the first line below refers to Jim Garrison):
... And he insists that the Warren Commission,
the executive branch of the government, some
members of the Dallas Police Department, the
pathologists at Bethesda who performed the
second Kennedy autopsy, and many, many others
must have known they were lying to the American
public.
Mysteries Persist

Frankly, I prefer to believe that the
Warren Commission did a poor job, rather than
a dishonest one. I like to think that Mr.
Garrison invents monsters to explain incompetence. But until somebody explains why two
autopsies came to two different conclusions
about the President's wounds, why the limousine was washed out and rebuilt without
investigation, why certain witnesses near
the "grassy knoll" were never asked to testify before the Commission, why we were all so
eager to buy Oswald's brilliant marksmanship
in split seconds, why no one inquired into
Jack Ruby's relations with a staggering variety of strange people, why a "loner" like
Oswald always had friends and could always
get a passport -- who can blame the Garrison
guerrillas for fantasizing?

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Something stinks about this whole affair.
"A Heritage of Stone" rehashes the smelliness;
the recipe is as unappetizing as our doubts
about the official version of what happened.
(Would then-Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy have endured his brother's murder in silence? Was John Kennedy quite so liberated
from cold war cliches as Mr. Garrison maintains?) But the stench is there, and clings
to each of us. Why were Kennedy's neck organs not examined at Bethesda for evidence
of a frontal shot? Why was his body whisked
away to Washington before the legally required
Texas inquest? Why?
In the later edition, these 43 lines are replaced
by the folilowing 13 lines:
... And he insists that the Warren Commission.
the executive branch of the government, some
members of the Dallas Police Department, the
pathologists at Bethesda who performed the
second Kennedy autopsy, and many many others
must have known they were lying to the American public.
Frankly I prefer to believe that the Warren
Commission did a poor job rather than a dishonest one. I like to think that Mr. Garrison invents monsters to explain incompetence.
And that is the end of the review. Even the subtitle "Mysteries Persist" has vanished.
Of course, this left a hole in the later edition,
and a hole needs to be filled. And the hole was
filled, by a section of editorial matter entitled
"New Books", which mentions one new fiction book and
nine general books.
The evidence of these changes is shown in the
accompanying photographic exhibits.
What happened to John Leonard?
In January 1971, John Leonard became editor of
"The New York Times Book Review", having previously
been one of the paper's daily reviewers. If he had
had any qualms about accepting the surgical change
that was made in his review, completely altering
its character, presumably he felt it was reasonable
to accept the change.

TIlE NET"V YORK TIMES. TU

fmia~m~iI·

cre~sf·

Books of The Times

Who Killed johnF. Kennedy?
By JOHN LEONARD
AMERICAN GROTESQUE. An .4ccolmt 01 th.
Clay-Shaw-Jlm Garrison Affair II" th. City of
New Orleans. By James JCirhwoocL 669 pages.
'
Simon 84 Schuafer. $lJ.95.
Garrison.
A HERITAGE OF',STONE. B~
~5J paS'" Putnam. $6.95.

"'m

Bad vibrations.
New Orleans DistrJct Attorney Jim Gar·
rison arrested New Orleans businessman
Clay Shaw, charging that Mr. Shaw con·
spired to ft5sasslnate President JohnF.
Kennedy. Mr. Shaw was ,acquitted hy a
jury. Mr. Garrison then had Mr. Shaw reo
arrested on two charges of perjury. Mr.
Shaw is suing Mr;' Garrison, and a host
of others. The Judge at Mr. Shaw's trial
ha~ fiince been arrested in a motel 'room
whero stag movies pnd loose women are
alleged to, have exhibited ,hemsclves. Tho
,principal witness against Mr. Shaw, has
~In('e been arrested for burglary. Mr. Gar·
rison has since been aocused ot moleating
a 13·year.old' boy at the New Orleans
Athletic Club. whIch iIi J.nteres$ing, because
Mr..Shaw allegedly'had links wlth'the'New
Orleans 'homosexual underground.
No. this is not a fiction by Gore Vidal.
It Is II serialized novel on the fro~t pages

ot 'our daUy pewspa'pers. Maybo that ex·

plains why, novelist' James KlrkWood-

"Good TJmes/~ad l1mes"-got obsessed'
with the, subject •. Mr. Kirkwoodrilet Mr:.
Shaw. and beUev;El$S ,~ls,story"8nd SI? wrote
~ ~ympa~et\c article, before the trial (published by Esquire) and'.all IpdlEtlant ,~lt!clo
after the,' t0111 (rejected by Playboy) and
this tome·stono of a book (troubling the
revlewer)~' Did Clay Shaw know Dlvld
ferde and·Lee Harvey'Oswa~d? Is Jiin Gar~
'rison paranoiac, about the Federal govem,~
ment? One wJshes the whole 'bq$lne$s were
'a fevered ,Invention.

'Perjury', Atop 'ConspIracy'
It isn't. Mr. Kirkwood arguell'nhAmerlcan Grotesque", that 'Jim Garftson used
c!iay Shaw to try the Warren CommIssion
report; that Garrison scraped .'the bottom
of the barrel for variously, sick and varl·
nusly intimIdated witnesses to smear Shaw;
that GarrIson's g~erril1lls, sought a Jury of
sub-'par intemgence to )Jcmuse with bloody
fantasle/!; that, hav!.ng empaneled such' ~
jury" they were flO upset by ~e acqqittal
that they added the Insult of "perJury"
charses to the Injury of "conspiracy" accusatlons~ Unfortunately, Mr. Kirkwood Is
so conscientious in his reportage that one
wonders why so many people cla:~ed to
have seen Mr. Shaw with Oswald and
Ferrlo. Were they all mistaken or lying?
To he sure, conspIracy wasn't proved,
nnd the r;tate embarrnssed Itself with sur·
rl!{ll Incompetence. But "conspiracy" Is no
lrin~er thecharse Ilgalnst Shaw: perjury
is. \Va hnve only Mr. Kirkland's emoUonol
word ,on Innocenco to go by. Such ~ word

Isn't ('oncJu~ive, not CVf'n In II bMk reo
"viewer's court. Mr. Klrkwood'(i Inyaltr to
a friend Is admirable; l111l tape" interviews
with all 'the principals in the tlr~t Shaw
trIal 'are fascinating; his attention to trivia
Is In the best 'paraJournal1stlc tradltionthe lIttlo boy who cried Tom Wolle. But Ie·
gitimate qucsUonsClbout John Kennedy's
assaRslnatlon aren't answered according to
the buddy system.
Which brings us to Jim Garrison'. itA.
Heritage of Stone." The PIRtrict Attorney
pf Orleans Parish IlrXUeR that Krnncdy',;
/lssassinatiol1 ran only be rxplaincd h~' •
"model" that pin!) tho n1urclrr 011 thCl l'en·
'fral Intelligence Agency. Thc C,IA. could
lave engineered t>allas In behalr of the
military· Intelligence. Inrtuslrial ccmlplex
~hat (enred the President'li disposition
toward a detente with the RU!l!;ians. Mr.
(inrrlliun nowhero In his book mentions
f:lay Shaw, or tho botch his ofilc.:e made cit
Shaw's prosecution; Jte Is, 110we,ver, heavy
Qn all the other chafi~cters. who have be. ~me., ,familiar )0 ).1.\, via Jate.niihttalk
shows on televlllion. And h~ Insists thRt
tho Warren COllllnlsliion. the rxecutive
branch of tho government. slime mcmben
Or the Dallas, Police Department..., the
pnthologistsat Bethesda who performed'
'the 6econd Kenqedy autopsy and many,
,~any others must have k. nown they WC~
wing .to the American public.
"

Myste,rles PergJst
',~rQnkly.

J prefer,to peUove that tho
Warren CommIssion did ~ poor' Job, rather
than a' dishonest one. I like to think that
tdr. GarrIson Invents monsters to explain
l.ncompetence. But until somebody explains
,Why two autopsies came to two different
tonelusians about the PresIdent's wounds,
,:Why the limousine was washed out And reo
built. without investigatIon, why ctrtaln
witnesses nea~ the' "SlJlssy knoll" were
jlever asked to testify beforo tho c.:ommls,.ion, why we were al1 so eager to buy
Oswald's brJlIJant marksmanshIp In ~pl1t
,seconds, why no one Inquired Into Jack
Ruby's relations with a staggerIng varltty
or strange people, why a "loner" like 0.·
~ald always had frIends and could Alway.
,get a passport--'Who cnn b1aml) the GarrlIon guerrlllas for fantasizing?
Something stinks about thIs wilDie af·
fair. "A Heritage of Stone" rehashes the
.mellinessj the recipe Is as unappetizing II
our doubts about tile offlcial version
what happened.. (Would then·Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy have endured
his brother's murder in silence? Was John
Kennedy quite so Uberated trom cold WIr,
dloMs os Mr. Garrison maintains?) But the
Itench is there, and clings to each nf UI.
Why were Kenndy',!t nCl,;k or~ans not u"mined at Bethesda for evld~n('e or a fron, tal shot? Why was hlR hody whi!;ked away"
to WAshln~ton beforo the legally requir.Q
T"xlI inqucst'! Why?
.'

Exhibit 1 - John Leonard's review in the early edition of The New York Times December 1" 1970
showing part of the surrounding page.
.~~~~~~~=,

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

rJ.n-: ~:F.:"

f~~ r~~~~" ~'1~~~ Books of The Times

I s':i3g1~3r;J

. . ,' ":'

~ ~,': -. ',' ~ >::- '. ~~:;

.. :.' :".

\~. '~I'

.•.••.•:••,....,:

": " " "
10.~

•

p' ~-:'i~'''",~ ~

1i !E~·:'~:.:~Ei:~~i: I
.

•

i l.:!.~ ...... h"",'"

f'.·.,,,,~~,,,,,,~·r,L:-:~;__
~;';';.~~;.'~~~~::';""~;";

::.i4! '.'s:y~<~: __ :;. ~~
.&..;~~~~:;-:;~:~;~.;::.a

"~,~.-",,,,~:.,~ •. ,..-."C'.".....n

~i."'~-:~~!:"',~·:·.'".;:·.~

~~~=~~lg:;.::~'~;,~~

;-.;:

~."~'",_.:.";'_ ~
J, r:~~5j:t~~::"!.i~·~ -r-.-.~

It,','.

-i

f th

arre

y
Frankl , I·
Warren ommlsslOn

If' 1 . k
d'
or vanous Y SIC an van·

sub·par intelligence to bemuse with bloody

C'?tII~:!:.... ~

:I ..•:;a;• (}!:!.'U
'V': . ' . ,
'8.
...... :.:;""".="..:.1"
::",.~ PUl'::}2t
r'"

(

. Ne\v Books'

him. into a direct confE~;::tation

bring life to words and weight to

\\i~h the past and "an nUr:mpt to

they were
tJ
the
believe. bthat h
a poor JO , rat e r 1

Incompetence.

TIt_

L"\ \"

It 0...'

r~":~:£#'
"E!;~~~~i:~;t~;1:.~ei:;='r.~~~\~~iJt~t{fij[i
n
~......c,-..
I.."~~.'if:2;,:~~~;~!
r.·'~t..:'1 • ,,:~: t::~
P,~ ~.~

./f}':

I·

C.::-'1

J- ........

Co.

..,;: u::l

c:-:

ct-••

,., •• 1 ..'" Ll.u:

•.-6 b-;,

i~~) I':i~~;;~~~t~~;~;i;l:~!~~~i~~~1'i~~~I[1I
1.:-, / ..

~. -' :";,.~ ~ ~

:...

~• .,..t.
·l.~4 ~

lIof;'frl

T~ ,~ri1!'~'

rm.r

p'..

~--.~.! ''T~ ~

'·~.c ,.:; :1.:.:+-;f:~-:-m ;Ti!F/i:!

,:)/-.:~)

-.:- .:~:-~ ".i;;: :(~'::J

',~ •. --,:-:'<"~"';-=-.: ';"l!-~ I
~l; .~~.:.-a;_!; ~·i~~"~::£-~ ~
L ·_::;C!.::~-':·.":'·~~:C;S !

r.~\~~.:-<:-~~_::.? i ~~~~~~~;~:\~:~f;~:~~!
.":"':'.--~-;

1/_-.1

r.~

n,r.ot,-n-»
0;

1,.,

~ ~~,;

'"'~ }I

t~~\

. \;'~_LL~~

outwhatha3 bt::n!ea.rned-'what
has cn\iIlgcd. He is bu~~ei! by the
feeling that neither the nolr.cnust
nor the writings about it h2.V~

-01\

fo·t ~ 1 ...

4'1/"\

~~f~~

:~~\ f~·~!

c..

tj\~~~-:~;./I.; L':,ii \L~\,:~:;
\(UJ ~J. . ..,~_~. :,~:l.~ ·,:;,"'_.: ";.,~).t [~':,·~__,;_.: ·,r
.

..,'. ':

[1
~'"'E:- -..~ ,k,
f.J ;,

t r:l

':2~~Y-!L k

~:~'

silence." ..
One Generation ~Mtetis the authorts jGurney t!Jro~gh thna and
even!s. It begins ".,ith the Second
'World Viar and ends \\iL'l the
Six-Day Vlar. And Hn'oushout
this jO!lr.lsy. ~.e r.o t only searchp..s
hismem~ry, but :;r;fiks out the tcs.
timon~{ of t!:e :;u::;i\'r;:s to find

P ~5). n' n.t:d l rJ
p~!C::;~~~~.'
,.41:
i.j
P.~!t!~1! of· "'~ ~i:-r~ul'!!" C~,,:r.;ry:Th' CO,- i

st:g.,). . ro L~,e-cl•

A!' d c.-b'J

:~i:i;r~.
Off t~c Wi1:~"'.:
!!y

..~

\01//11.11.

aries tis deeply burled as tho 041t::e
goldengift-mernorleJ thatforced

;i ~;;~~~~-:.~::
~~~:i~:-"';~ u/' ~~:!yci~;~~~~~~e~~;~~I~::e~;~g~7e:j~~a:i ~:.n G~r~::~~n~~~e~~=' ~~~~~e~~ ~~I~~p~~~~ t1
~1
f;

::J

'.,

And in that Je".Jish·les3 Tcwinh
town. Elie Wiesel foand more
than the 'watch. - smashed nnd
corroded. Eo .unearthed It P.m·
. dora's box of meraorieg - me!!1·

n
n.

~.: J.~•: .a:"_ l=-o.: c-a!~:!_- :'_~'·".,:~ u"~=·.f_~_~-=_-i~ i_~.: ;.~ 1,; ~!;~rf:~~~7~~£:f: :~~:a~1:~~~~ ~~:: t~t~~~
:r:::;ic~~v~:~~c~n
?r~fer d~od
c
_

f·

na~lVe

tl.: '.:

...

"~_ ~'\_.::;:::,

!L1

-.'

.-.

",' ~_ '"

iF.

IFi

...... - .

F<: ...

O.,f.·

_.~

: ~'1
:.'
;, j

i
1

....: ...

;,.~

:~;

If l

....-~~-.::::::a-~~ --";
;/'~" ~1.::
. :.~.:. . ,.:!.'...".,·;.....-_.?--".\
'i;':=iP I ".-.~"'

...

it!

I "Good Times/Bad Times"~got '. 'Obsessed
with the subject. Mr. Kirkwood met Mr.
'.f'_:.· ., :,' Shaw, and believed his story, and so wrote
a sympathetic article before the trial (pub", lIshed by Esquire) and an Indignant article
..- A 'a!.""
t!-.r.'''"",
'1 ~ f
h
I I (reJecte
.
d b
boy) and
. . . "/"'. I a ter t e tr a
YI
P ay
,~
-frn~ f.·~,
this tome·stone at • book (troubling the
... ~;
fr~!~r,tp~~:.~!
reviewer). Did Clay Shaw know DavId
~ ~ rr-!. tl I~ ~
Ferrie and Lee Harvey Oswald? II Jim Gar~
1..i1 '.ILlZJ L~j •
rison paranoiac about the Federal govern~
T1e: -'- ...;,'
ment? One wishes the whole business were
w. t. 1.1' :.::!. ' ; . a fevered invention.
., I
B:; ;;;~:: B.
'Perjury' Atop 'Conspiracy'
':' ~
~ . t J.~.L r;;x4J.{=,-.LY i f
It Isn't. Mr. Kirkwood argues In "Amerl•

;l"

Ferrie. Were they all mistaken or lying? ' f '
To be sure, conspiracy wasn't proved, 1~: ';
and the state embarrassed itself with sur· I;. j
real Incompetence. But "conspiracy" Is no
longer the charge against Shaw; perjury
is. We have only Mr. Kirkland's emotional
word on innocence to go by. Such a word : [
isn't conclusive, not even in a book, reo !C
viewer's court. Mr. Kirkwood's loyalty to i~l
a friend is admirable; his taped interviews
with all the principals In the first Shaw l~;
trial are fascinating; his attention to trivia "~.',~
Is In the best parajournalistic tradition- It,"'.
the little boy.who cried Tom Wolfe. But Ie·
.
gitimate questions about John Kennedy's
assassination aren't answered according to I~·.i
the buddy system.
1Z,1
Which brings us to Jim Garrison's "A
Hferoitalge of pSto.neh·" The DitshtritctKAttordne,y
0
r eans ans argues
a
enne y s I::-~
assassination can only be explained by a 'If':;';"'~l:
"model" .that pins the murder on the Cen·
tral Intelligence Agency. The C.I.A. could Ii ,.;'·'t.·
have engineered Dallas in behalf of the I~;
military _ intelligence _ Industrial complex ,.:
..
t h at feare d t h e Presl'd ent' s d'ISposltlOn
,I~!
. f.;·:"~:J!'
toward a' d~tente with the Russians. Mr.
P.~
Garrison nowhere in his book mentions I~.'"
..
Clay, Shaw, or the botch his office made of
F. . ~
Shaw's prosecution; he Is, however, heavy,,:j
on all the other characters who have be..
~.~
come familiar to us via late-night. talk
t.:,:i
shows on television. And he Insists that
d
the Warren Commission, the executive
~.,.].
branch of the government, some members
~I
of the Dallas Police Department, the
"'1
pathologists at Bethesda 'who performed
the second Kennedy autopsy and many,

THE Cft5 ~ FDR .

.
,
iI ~AliHGT~C~!

,I!

~aov:de~:e:h~r~O S~:: ~~tt~~~~~~~~ jf.~

Attorney Jim Gar·
rison arrested New Orleans businessman
Clay Shaw, charging that Mr. Shaw con·
spired to' assassinate President John F.
Kennedy. Mr. Shaw was acquitted by a,
jury, Mr. Garrison then had Mr. Shaw reo
arrested on two charges of perjury. Mr.
Shaw is suing Mr. Garrison,. and a host
of others. The. judge at Mr. Shaw's trial
,has since been' arrested in a motel room
where stag movies and loose women are
alleged to have exhibited themselves, Tqe
principal witness against Mr. Shaw has
since been arrested for ~urglary. Mr. Gar·
rison has since been accused of moiestiJ\g
a 13-year·old boy at the New Orleans
Athletic Club, which is Interesting because
Mr. Shaw allegedly had links with the New
Orleans homosexua,1 undetlround.,
No. this is not a fiction by Gore Vidal.
It is a serialized novel on. the front, pages
of our daily newspapers, .Maybe that ex.
plains why novelist James Kirkwood-

'
II'

, .

tH':;;-:::::;:2'.:c;::.:::,:;~.~;:~c:~'.;:5i~~::::::

,,.10/.7'>

The Shaw-Garrison AffaIr

!:~v~~::~:S~istrlct

(
-

By JOHN LEONARD
AMERICAN GROTESQUE, An Account of the
fantasies; that, having empaneled such a
Clay Shaw·Jim Garrison A.ftair in the City of
jU.ry, they were so up~et by the acq~.ittal
New Orleans. By .Tames KIrkwood, 669 page..
that they added the Insult of "perJury"
Simon II< Schuster. $11.95.
charges to, the injury of "conspiracy" ac·
A HERITAGE OF. STONE!. By Jim Garrl,on.
cusations. Unfo. rtunately, Mr. Kirkwood Is
253 page., Putnam. $6.95.
so conscientious in hIs reportage that one

\:;:~-, ~:<.',:...-';-'--:;

l-'uRK TlXl:S9tS"',-'ll' ~,"CF:,'rJ:;F: r, t,·,)

""\ ..~~ ~.;~;::j 1M

. i ~_.~.,,~:!.>~·'i),:_;'>~-:-:~~i
alyJ.l"-;;OjvtO."~!I-:'''~'7l,'e;t
,:':":'="..:'.::'~,':::;.:'_~_~£':'~" ;.L:::;2~': .:",-.:_~.:._..:.~~.::, _!:..~____-:- .~ __~.:"_ ~, __..

i~-i
-:-.,:::lt1

=-,.:::-..:.:-===c..::.:.::=:-=,::':'~_:_:"., ___.

__ ,

Exhibit 2 - John Leonard's review in the later editions of The New York Times, December 1, 1970,
showing part of the surrounding page (enlarged from microfilm) and the review itself
(reproduced from a clipping).
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Why should a severe alteration in a review like
this take place in "The New York Times"?
The question can be answered. There is some information which sheds light on news handling by
"The New York Times" in regard to the softpedaling
of questions about the assassination of President
John F. Kennedy. (There are many examples besides
the present one.)

Allied with the "paragovernment" (see April 16
issue) of the "New Team" were secret "cooperating
and liaison" groups in the large foundations, banks
and newspapers, the source added. In that issue,
readers will recall, this newspaper reported that
the "coordinating role" at The New York Times was
in the custody of Harding Bancroft, its Executive
Vice President.
New Team Ready

One important part of this information may be
found in "The Congressional Record", April 30, 1969.
in remarks enti tIed "Otto Otepka: Victim of the New
Team by Honorable John R. Rarick of Louisiana, House
of Representatives, published in the "Extension of
Remarks" page E3527. These remarks follow:
(Beginning of Excerpt)

Mr. Rarick: Mr. Speaker, a long-suppressed report
on the misuse of the CIA to establish an underground
government within our Government has been exposed
today in the Government Employees Exchange.
Reportedly the plan of the "new team" in controlling the CIA operation was to "reform" the U.S.
domestic and foreign relations through the use of
an "elite" who looked to the "spirit of the future"
instead of the status quo.

By August, 1963, the "New Team" was "ready" for
action on a wide variety of fronts. These included
international affairs, especially the Vietnam War;
domestic affairs, especially preparation for the
1964 Presidential election; and the "final infiltration" by "New Team enthusiasts" of the State
Department, Agency for International Development,
the United States Information Agency and the Pentagon, the source said.
The basic purpose of the "New Team" was to
"reform" United States domestic and foreign relations through the use of an "elite of committed,
humanistic pragmatists" who looked at the "spirit
of the future" instead of the status quo and the
"dead letter of formal and literal law," the source
continued.
"New Team" Targets

Apparently anyone not on the "new team" who uncovered its sinister plans or interfered -- knowingly or unknowingly -- was considered a threat and a
target for compromise or elimination.
The casualty list from the intermeddlers of the
"new team" includes President Diem and his brother
of South Vietnam, President Johnson, and Otto F.
Otepka.
So that our colleagues may have the opportunity
to study this unprecedented exposure in power and
to ponder the question, "Who is running our country?"
I include the Government Employees Exchange article
of April 30 and two artIcles from the April 16
issue:
(From the Government Employees Exchange, Washington,
D.C., April 30, 1969)
CIA's Vietnam Hit L.B.J., Otepka

A highly secret and unknown American involvement
in Yemen was the prelude to major actions by the
Central Intelligence Agency's "New Team" in its
November, 1963, offensive against President Ngo
Dinh Diem of South Vietnam, against Vice President
Lyndon B. Johnson, and against Otto F. Otepka, the
State Dapartment's former top Security Evaluator, a
former Ambassador with close ties to CIA Director
Richard Helms, revealed to thi s newspaper' on Apri 1
25.
As readers know, the CIA "New Team" was set up
by former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy following the Bay of Pigs "fiasco" by the CIA "Old
Team." Mr. Kennedy recruited into the "New Team"
many officials not only from the CIA (such as Richard Helms) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
(such as Cartha "Deke" De Loach) but also from the
Internal Revenue Service and the National Security
Agency. These agencies and their top members were
"knowledgeable" in the exploitation of "wire taps"
and secret informers, the former Ambassador said.

In the international field the main target for
"reform" action was Ngo Dinh Nhu, the brother of
President Diem, of South Vietnam. He had, the
source said, the same relationship to President
Diem that Robert Kennedy had to President Kennedy.
President Diem had insisted in his dealings with
the "New Team" that the war in Vietnam had to
be "run by the Vietnamese." Even though he used
CIA resources, he would not allow the CIA to become
a "paragovernment" in Vietnam. The Diem and Nhu
alliance in Vietnam thus stood in the way of "americanizing" the war there and using the war's opportunity to transform South Vietnam along the lines
of the "New Team" program, the source said.
Robert William Komer

While relations between President Diem and the
"New Team" were disintegrating, a final thrust for
"americanizing" the Vietnam War was supplied by Robert William Komer, a career CIA intelligence officer who, from 1947 through 1960, had won the confidence of such top CIA officials as William Langer,
Sherman Kent, Robert Amory and William Bundy.
In February, 1961, Mr. Komer was "transformed"
from an "Intelligence" into an "Operations Officer"
when he joined the National Security Council Staff
at the request of McGeorge Bundy, the brother of
William Bundy.
Following the "Bay of Pigs," the United Stat'es
engaged in a series of "guerrilla wars" throughout
the world, including Vietnam, Laos, Thailand. Most
of them have secret CIA operations, especially of
the "counter-insurgency" type.
"Mr. Komer's War"

The most secret, however, of these CIA wars was
"Mr. Komer's war" in Yemen which was a testing
ground for the CIA in the usp of "paramilitary and
paradiplomatic techniques," the former Ambassador
revealed.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Mr. Komer resorted to a major transformation of
power, especiallyat the Agency for International
Development,in applying "paradiplomatic" techniques,
the source said. Because the United States and AID.
could not intervene directly in Yemen, Mr. Komer
set up "dummy companies" in Europe, the Middle East
and in India which "bought" AID goods, "repaired"
them, and sold them either back to AID or to other
governments. The transactions provided not only
"revenues", but most of all "cover" for CIA agents,
many of whom were foreign nationals.
To conceal these operations and "protect" them
from bona fide AID or other U.S. inspectors, the
CIA "New Team" infiltrated the AID security offices,
as well as its personnel, operations and inspections
divisions, the former Ambassador revealed.
Mr. Komer's other great innovation was to develop and deepen the covert collaboration between the
CIA "New Team" and Harding Bancroft, the Executive
Vice President of The New York Times, the source
revealed.
The November "Strikes"
The CIA war in counter-insurgency in Yemen had
convinced the "New Team" that to carry-out its program before the 1964 Presidential election, it must
gain control of the actions of the South Vietnamese
government in 1963. Thus, the New Team, largely on
the basis of Mr. Komer's views on the reasons for
both successes and failures in the Yemen, decided to
move against President Diem in Vietnam. The New
Team also moved against Vice-President Johnson and
Otto F. Otepka.
On November 1, 1963, the New Team destroyed President Diem and his brother who were "assassinated",
on November 5, 1963 the "New Team" moved against
Otto F. Otepka who was informed that day that he
was dismissed as a security officer; and on November 22, 1963, largely on the urging of Robert F.
Kennedy, Don B. Reynolds was appearing before a
Senate Committee to supply evidence which was expected to cast a "deep shadow" on Vice-President
Lyndon B. Johnson, because of his relationships to
Robert "Bobby" Baker, and through Baker, to James
H. Hoffa, the Teamster President whom Robert Kennedy
was prosecuting.
While Don Reynolds was still in the first phase
of his testimony, news was flashed to the Senate
Committee that President John Kennedy had been
assassinated and Vice President Johnson was now
President. Mr. Reynolds never finished his testimony.
Although one of the "targets" of the "New Team",
Lyndon B. Johnson,thusescaped immediate destruction, his Presidency was eventually "captured" by
such "New Team" members as Walt Whitman Rostow,
William Bundy and Robert William Komer, the source
added.
Thus, the "momentum of the November 1963 strike"
of the New Team carried on through the Presidency
of Lyndon Johnson, including the "Americanization
of the Vietnam War" and the "dismissal" of Otto F,
Otepka, the source concluded.
(From the Government Employees Exchange, Apr. 16,
1969)
Otepka Was Major Roadblock in Takeover
Bya "New Team": New York Times
Linked to CIA Plot on Official
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

The Central Intelligence Agency's "New Team,"
including such "outsiders" as Harding A. Bancroft,
now the Executive Vice President of The New York
Times, played a critical role in the final decision
of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy to press
Secretary of State Dean Rusk to proceed with the
dismissal of Otto F. Otepka as the State Department's
top Security Evaluator, a former Ambassador associated with CIA Director Richard Helms informed this
newspaper on April 11.
According to the source, Mr. Bancroft played a
a role because of his liaison and coordinating work
involving the use of the organization and facilities
of The New York Times on behalf of the CIA and the
"New Team."
Other persons who had a role included William
H. Brubeck, who had been the recipient of the 1960
"leak" of Top Secret information from the State
Department to the campaign headquarters of John
Kennedy which contributed significantly to Mr.
Kennedy's narrow victory at the election polls.
After Mr. Kennedy's victory, Mr. Brubeck received
complete information about Mr. Otepka's role in
tracing this "leak", the former Ambassador revealed.
Other members of the "New Team" were McGeorge
Bundy and his brother William Bundy, who had moved
from the Central Intelligence Agency to become the
Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and
Pacific Affairs, including Vietnam.
"The New Team"
The "New Team" at the Central Intelligence Agency
was being planned by Attorney General Robert Kennedy
even before the Bay of Pigs "fiasco" in 1961. In
fact, the former Ambassador said, the Attorney General had a special group of his own "monitoring" the
Bay of Pigs operation to determine which persons,
not yet projected for the "New Team", would "pass
the test".
Although the "Bay of Pigs" was a national disaster,
the source said, Robert Kennedy exploited it wi thin
the Government to accelerate building the "New Team."
New-Team Goals
The "New Team" goals were set by the "personality"
of Robert Kennedy and the "philosophy" of President
John Kennedy and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, the source revealed. The main exponent of
thi s "philosophy" was Maj or General Maxwell Taylor,
assisted by McGeorge Bundy and Walt Whitman Rostow,
the former Ambassador said.
The mission of the "New Team" was to contest the
Soviet penetration of the "Third World," the socalled nonaligned countries,through "para~ilitary,
parapoli tical and paradiplomatic" means. To do
this, the "New Team" was to be a '''paragovernment'',
performing for the United States "the same kind of
functions" which the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union performed for the
Soviet Union, the former Ambassador revealed.
This required the "New Team" to penetrate every
department and agency of the Executive Branch dealing with foreign policy by inserting "trusted members" of the "New Team" into key positions. Among
these were the Offices of Security of the State
Department, the military services departments, the
United States Information Agency and the Agency for
International Development, the source added.

"New Team" Members

"Roadblock" Otepka

Besides Robert Kennedy and Maxwell Taylor, other
members of the "New Team" were General Marshall S.
Carter, who replaced General Charles B. Cabell as
Deputy Director of the CIA. Very early "recruits"
to the "New Team" were Richard Helms, today the
Director of the CIA, and Cartha "Deke" Deloach, the
second man in charge of the Federal Bureau of Inveltigation. Together with Robert McNamara and
Dean Rusk, the "New Team" acting under the control
of Robert Kennedy began the "infiltration" of the
State Department and the Defense Departments with
Central Intelligence Agency personnel. "Counterinsurgency" projects sprang up in every agency
dealing with foreign affairs.
Outside "I nsiders"

Besides key persons officially already in the
Government, the "New Team" selected persons in
leading banks, law firms and foundations for the
penetration of the "non-governmental" apparatus of
the United States, the former Ambassador revealed.
Because of the paramount role of The New York Times
in American life and because of the "black" assignments which it might be asked to perform for the
CIA, great care was taken to select a person who had
full access to every office in The New York Times
and yet could conceal his own operations. This
was especially important because "gray" operations,
involving special background briefings for such
top New York Times representatives as James Reston
and Tom Wicker were already going on, and top New
York Times reporters were in an especially good
position to "uncover" the "black" operations.
Bancroft's Past

Harding Bancroft had been originally introduced
into the State Department by Alger Hiss, and, after
Mr. Hiss became the head of the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace, Mr. Bancroft served under
Dean Rusk as a member of the Department's Office of
Special Political Affairs, renamed the Office of
United Nations Affairs. Subsequently, he took the
post of Gen~ral Counsel to the International Labor
Organization in Geneva and then went to The New
York Times, eventually to be named Executive Vice
President.
During the Eisenhower administration, Harding
Bancroft worked closely with Dean Rusk, President
of the Rockefeller Foundation, maintaining close
liason with John Foster Dulles and with Allen
Dulles, the Director of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
Bancroft's "Cover"

Because Mr. Bancroft's liai sonrole at The New
York Times required meetings with top CIA-alld--State Department officials, especially on matters
of "personnel", it was decided to provide him with
"cover" by designating him a "member" of the newly
created State Department Advisory Committee on
International Organization Affairs, whose task was
to recommend the "best qualified Americans" for
those international organizatioi positions in which
they could make important contributions.
Although the Advisory Committee
pared a "Report", which was itself
its original draft form, the basic
Committee was to provide a "cover"
the source revealed.

eventually precontroversial in
role of the
for the "New Team,"

One of the major "roadblocks" to the "infiltration"
of the State Department by the Central Intelligence
Agency New Team was Otto F. Otepka, its top Security
Evaluator. Mr. Otepka had already "annoyed" the
Central Intelligence Agency by his "uncovering" the
activities of the Central Intelligence Agency in
using "double agents" in the Warsaw "sex and spy"
scandals. Subsequently, Mr. Otepka "annoyed" Robert Kennedy and Dean Rusk by insisting, in December
1960. that Walt Whi tman Rostow would need a "full
field FBI investigation" before he could be "cleared"
for employment in the State Department. Mr. Rostow
had just completed in December a "secret" mission
in Moscow for President-elect John Kennedy. The
mission was "cleared" 'by CIA Director Allen Dulles.
Previously, Mr. Rostow had established the CIA
channels at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard University
professors maintained their own CIA "black" ties
with Washington through the Institute, the former
Ambassador asserted.
"Naive" Otepka

While these vast and secret re-organizations of
the Central Intelligence Agency's "operational" side
were evolving, Mr. Otepka "naively" continued to
apply the long-standing Federal and Civil Service
standards in the issuance of "Security Clearances".
He objected especially to the mass issuance by the
State Department of "waiver;:-", alleging these violated both the Statutes and the Regulations.
Mr. Otepka's "miscalculation" lay in his loyalty
to the law and regulations, the source said, and his
failure to comprehend that a "coup d'etat" was about
to take place, in which the "paragovernment" of the
"New Team" would. displace the "formal government" of
the United States. He did not fully comprehend the
"coup d'etat" even after the "Thanksgiving Day
Massacre" in the State Department in 1961 which
liquidated the last vestiges of the old order in
the State Department and raised George Wildman Ball
to Under Secretary of State, the former Ambassador
continued. Concurrently, John McCone succeeded
Allen Dulles on November 29, 1961, as the Director
of the CIA.
Otepka's "Great Blunder"

Already on bad terms with the "New Team" at the
CIA, Mr. Otepka made his "great blunder" when he
insisted that members of the newly-designated Advisory Committee on International Organization
Affairs could not be "cleared" wi thou t a "full
field check" by the FBI. With specific reference
to Harding Bancroft, Mr. Otepka produced from his
security files information that in 1946, during
a "very bitter" controversy between the Department's
Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs and the
Department's Bureau of United Nations Affairs,
Ambassador Loy Henderson had accused Mr. Bancroft
both of being under the "influence of Mr. Hiss" and
of being "pro-Soviet".
In addition, Mr. Otepka then, in 1961, recalled
that both Mr. Rusk and Mr. Bancroft had urged the
firing of Robert Alexander, an official in the Visa
Division of the State Department because Mr. Alexander had told a Congressional Committee that the
United. Nations headquarters in New York was a haven
for alien communists and espionage agents who were
entering the United States under '~aiversrlof the
immigration laws. The recommendations for these
"waivers" were made by Mr. Rusk and Mr. Bancroft.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

The reference to these "waivers" in the past by
Mr. Rusk when he was currently issuing a different
kind of "waivers" for Federal employees including
one for Mr. Bancroft, sealed the fate of Mr. Otepka
with the "New Team," the former Ambassador said.
The "paragovernment" of the New Team decided he
had to be removed "no matter what the means", the
former Ambassador concluded.
(End of Excerpt)

Can the above information quoted by Representative John Rarick be verified?
It is obvious that such information cannot at
this time be verified. A person would be out of
his mind if he would expect an organization like the
Central Intelligence Agency to answer truthfully
questions about this subject brought to it.
But it is astonishing how much light Representative John Rarick's p.xtension of remarks sheds as a
hypothesis.
It explains why the Bay of Pigs Operation was the
last CIA operation to be fully held up to the light
by "The New York Times."
It- explains why "The New York Times" regularly
goes out of its way to softpedal important questions
about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy
as in John Leonard's review: the CIA has its man
at The Times.

It explains why Robert F. Kennedy as Attorney
General never took any kind of action to reveal the
plot which slew his brother: RFK was involved in
other parts of the same operation.

Can anything be predicted now with any confidence? Two things, at least, do seem probable.
Within the next 10 years the population explosion is
going to continue, especially in the "developing"
countries, and, during these same 10 years, the
price of our technological advance is going to rise
so steeply that it may become manifestly prohibitive.
The price has to be paid in terms of loss of health
and happiness.
Air, earth, and water, including the deep sea,
are already being polluted to a degree at which we
are being poisoned. At the same time, the nature
of the mechanized work, which is poisoning us physically, is making us unhappy, discontented, rebellious and violent.
Technology does produce wealth and power beyond
our grandparents' dreams, but we, their grandchildren, are now asking ourselves whether the price, in
non-material terms, is going to be higher than we
can afford. Since the industrial revolution we have
been pursuing the increase of productivity as an
absolute objective, without counting the costs ....
The price of technology is not only physical and
psychological; it is also social. The increase in
the degree and in the scale of mechanization had
deprived the individual of the partial self-sufficiency that he possessed in the pre-industrial age.
Society is now at the mercy of numerically
small, but technologically powerful minorities, which
have it in their power to bring life to a standstill at short notice by sabotaging, striking, or
even just "working to rule." Unionization has put
society in the power of indispensable minorities
of workers -- for instance, the producers of electricity and gas or the servicers of railways and
airlines; they can •.. hold society to ransom.

It explains why the office of Senator Edward
Kennedy invariably replies that the Senator has
"full confidence in the findings of official law
enforcement agencies." Senator Kennedy undoubtedly
knows much more than he would like to know. In fact
it is quite possible he is being blackmailed by the
CIA, as for example by the Chappaquiddick operation,
a most successful cloak and dagger caper.

I forecast with come confidence that the major
issue for the next decade is going to be the conflict
between the demands of production and the requirements of life.

And it supports the assertion of a coup d'etat in
the United States, put forward in Jim Garrison's
book, "Heritage of Stone"; see the review of Garrison's book that appeared in "Computers and Automation" for March, 1971, on page 45~ and read Garrison's book if you have not yet read it.

What mankind needs is a new way of life with
new aims, new ideals, and a new order of priorities.
Health and happiness are more valuable than wealth
and power. In our heritage from our ancestors we.
have spiritual treasures on which we can draw for
inspiration in trying to shape our future.

MANKIND'S PROSPECTS OVER
THE NEXT TEN YEARS

When we are trying to put the world right, let
us remember our human limitations, and, remembering these, let us resist our human temptation to
lose patience and to turn savage.

Arnold Toynbee, Historian
England

(Based on a report published in the Boston Globe,
Feb. 21, 1971)
What are mankind's prospects within the next
10 years?
To try to look ahead is imperative. The elaborate and vulnerable way of life to which we have
committed ourselves by our triumphant advance in
technology depends, for its maintenance, on our
being able to forecast the future and to make longterm plans in the light of what we foresee. But
prediction is being baffled by acceleration ....

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

This issue is a world-wide affair. It breaks
through iron curtains and it makes nonsense of
ideological antagonisms ••..

Let us face the truth that we do not start free
from encumbrance; every generation, and every individual, inherits the burden of karma, the consequence
of earlier action. We have it in our power either
to mitigate our inherited karma or to aggravate it,
but we cannot jump clear of it, and we ignore it at
our peri 1.
We cannot transform this polluted and distracted
world into Amida's "pure land": but this unattainable
ideal can inspire us to exert ourselves to leave our
impure world less impure than we have found it when
we have taken over the burden of karma from our predecessors. This is a modest objective, but, if the
rising generation achieves it, it will have done a
great service to itself and to its descendants.
57

THE PREDICAMENT OF THE COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL
Joanne Schaefer
Mount Prospect, III. 60056

One of the tragicomedies of modern business is
the plight of the computer "professional" and the
company which employs him. The employer must deal
with high-paid, independent, impatient, and demanding personnel, and the employed must in turn deal
with organizations which seem determined to inspire unrest rather than loyalty in those they hire.
While the existence of computer people who are nonprofessional by anyone's standards cannot be denied,
this article will attempt to present the company as
the employee sees it, and the employee as he considers himself.
The computer person can go to work tomorrow
for a bank, a manufacturer, a consulting firm, or
a university. Very few of his contemporaries in
the company share this position and the independence afforded by it. As a consequesce, if he is
not satisfied and if he feels that another company
will satisfy him, he is much more likely to change
jobs than other employees are. Companies are quick
to scorn such persons as job-hoppers, takers, and
non-professionals, and slow to contemplate why they
are unhappy in their jobs.
Employers complain bitterly that they expend
great sums of money to train people, only to have
them quit and go elsewhere. Consider the employee
who has been with the company for a few years, first
in training, then in putting his training to practice; he advances within the framework of company
reviews and raises. Along comes an "experienced"
new-hire, who has exaggerated his background, competence, and salary to his own advantage. The new
man has no knowledge of the shop procedures, little
of the business, and perhaps none of the total envitonment; often he has less experience than the "loyal" home-qrown variety, and always higher pay. Perhaps the employer can be forgiven for the poor judgment which creates such inequality, but the employ~r
cannot be excused for refusing to admit and rectify
his (or its) error. The original employee must continue in the framework which issues raises on the
basis of what is already earned, and there is no wav
for him to catch up with his inferior counterpart ••
So he realizes that he too can get ahead by going
elsewhere. A company which knows nothing about him
will provide the advancement which is denied him by
the company to which he has already proved himself.
Then comes the miraculous metamorphosis in twentyfour hours, from pre- to post- resignationj he
changes from a bright young programmer and hardworker to an opportunist and malcontent; the company attempts to preserve its image by attack and
rationalization.
Programmers and analysts, on the average, are
just like people in ariy other job: they like to be
busy, but not overworked. Some companies seem
able to manage their systems personnel in only two
modes: crisis and rigor mortis. In the systems area,
projects are dragged out and worn out while managers
shuffle status reports and jockey for political position; in programming, supervisors with second generation mentalities act as if two programs should
occupy the programmer all day. As the employee waits
for decisions from above and for test results, he
crosses off deadlines on his calendar and reads the
want-ads. Then suddenly the heat is on and the cold
bodies are defrosted; the present system is immediately inadequ~te and the new system will be up on
January 1. Overtime, priorities, and frayed nerves
58

are the order of the day, and in March a hastilywritten and half-tested system is implemented. The
planting is followed by the harvest, but as always,
what is sown is reaped, and those little gray shortcuts grow into big black bugs. So instead of new
projects and a feeling of satisfaction, the employees are faced with months of patchwork and memories
of a job not well done.
But perhaps the saddest moment of all, for both
employer and employee, is that instant when the employee discovers absurdity and hypocrisy in his
organization. He sees the latest model XYZ-99 which
leases for $3,000 a month and is used one hour a
day; and he attends a briefing where thirty highpaid people wait twenty minutes for an archaic projector to be threaded. He sees a $15 monthly raise
for an eighteen year clerk rejected because her
job classification doesn't permit that big a raise;
and he watches her boss entertain some constituents
over a $160 expense-account lunch. He hears his
employer speak glowingly and longingly of loyalty,
and he watches managers build personal empires of
useless projects and paperwork and procedures with
no regard for company efficiency and profit. Certainly not all companies are guilty of all these
faults, nor do the systems areas have a monopoly on
problems. But where systems problems do exist, the
little man feels as he does in the face of death
and taxe~: the system is too big to beat. The saving
difference is that he can try another employer. So
the employee moves on, and if he is lucky, finds a
more satisfying place to work. If he is not so
fortunate, he may move again, but eventually he
learns to accept his situation and make the most
of it -- or finds a new field.
If companies are going to demand loyalty and
professionalism from their computer people, they
had better first examine whether they offer the
employee anything worth his loyalty.

HITCH -HIKER ARRESTED VIA ROUTINE CHECK
WITH NATIONAL CRIME INFORMATION CENTER

(Based on a report in "Computerworld," March 24,
1971)

A hitch-hiker was arrested in Pineville, Ky.,
recently when he stopped at a state police post to
use the restroom.
The state troopers made a routine check with the
National Crime Information Center of the FBI, and
the response through the computer was that the individual, who was hitch-hiking through Kentucky,
was violating his parole in Lansing, Michigan.
COMPUTERS IN LITERATURE
Prof. Leslie Mezei
Computer Systems Research Group
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

I am interested in studying the role computers
and computer specialists play in contemporary literature. Some of the novels in which they figure
prominently have been: 480, Killing Zone, The Tin
Men, Giles Goat-Boy, The Literature Machine,
Player Piano.
I would appreciate if your readers could alert
me to other works of this type.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

NEW COMPUTER STARTED

YEARS OF WOE

Lyndon Watkins
The Globe and Mail
140 King St. West
Toronto 1, ant., Canada

(Based on a report in "The Globe and Mail",
April 3, 1971)
A.R. Harrington, president of Nova Scotia Light
and Power Co. Ltd., Halifax, N.S., has a tale of woe
to tell about his company's experience in trying to
get a new computer to make out customers' bills
correctly.
Two years ago, when it was about to move into a
new suite of offices at Scotia Square in Halifax.
the company took delivery of the computer, a much
more sophisticated model than had been used previously.
"We anticipated some initial problems," Mr. Harrington told the annual meeting of the company,
"but we couldn't have imagined the terrible experience that lay ahead. That computer upset a great
many of our customers and upset us."
Billing was interrupted for one month to enable
the necessary programming to be completed, with
three programmers being used. The new machine was
being put into service successfully when the unexpected happened -- the Nova Scotia Government introduced a sales tax on electricity.
It seemed a simple adjustment to make. The company told the Government it would take a couple of
months to complete the change and the tax would be
col~ected retroactively.
Then a fatal error occurred -- to include the tax
in billings someone chose a slot on the computer already programmed for another purpose.
The result was that small household customers began getting bills for as much as $275,000.
The solution might seem simple: remove the tax
material and start again. But then a second error
was discovered. Someone had "inadvertently destroyed" the tape with the tax information on it and
the information could not be taken out of the computer.
This meant 150,000 customers' accounts had to be
processed manually.
The company's rates are "particularly complicated,"
and it took one and a half years to get the problem
sorted out.
The cash flow of the company, which had operating
revenue of $3l.5-million last year, was seriously
disrupted. Major billings were kept up to date, but
some households didn't get a bill for over a year.
People began to think they were giving electricity
away in Nova Scotia.
At one time 7,000 inquIrIes were piled up awaiting an answer. "We put them in boxes. By this time we
had given up on fancy files and folders. There were
just too many," Mr. Harrington said.
Fortunately, other aspects of the computer program were not affected. Stores accounting, shareholder records and dividend payments, payroll accounts and some general accounting were processed
normally.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

By October last year, the computer problems had
been resolved, but staff had to work many hours of
overtime to catch up with past-due accounts.
The computer is now performing everything the
company expected of it and Mr. Harringto~ is able
to smile about the whole thing. But it is not an
experience that will be quickly forgotten by NSL
and P.
From the Editor

Although the "computer" is blamed, this is most
clearly a case of human error, and furthermore, a
failure of common sense -- in the form of backup,
keeping at least two copies of any computer program in at least two different places.
DATA BANKS AND
CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Robert Kahn
Robert Kahn and Associates
PO Box 343
Lafayette, CA 94549

I think that the statement by Professor Foster,
"Data Banks -- a Position Paper", in the March issue
of "Computers and Automation" is the best summary
of this issue that I have seen and I would like permission to reproduce it and distribute it to my
subscribers •••
I object very strongly to statements in the article attributed to Burroughs Corporation on "New
York State Identification and Intelligence System".
First, there is the statement. "Offenders' rights
are likewise better protected for they may, in appropriate cases, receive summons in lieu of arrest,
or if arrested, be discharged on their own recognizance"; this certainly does not agree with the
recent reports that have come out of New York indicating the high percentage of people held in the
city jails where they have not even considered the
matter of bailor holding people unable to make to
small bail on minor offenses. It is easy enough to
close one's eyes to facts -- but, fortunately for
us, less possible to do so in your publication.
Also I very strongly object to the statement,
"If the arrestee in the above example had a record,
the Nassau County Police Department would receive
a rap sheet defining his criminal history." A "rap
sheet" is a record of arrests, and arrest does not
constitute a crime. That Burroughs should help to
continue to foster this great injustice in our criminal record system is most inappropriate. Although
the term "rap" does at times refer to a prison sentence, it often refers to just the charge. It is
my understanding that the origin of the word in regard to a "rap sheet" comes from the "record of
apprehension" which is certainly different from the
record of conviction.
And in this same article I just cannot understand
the sentence, "During the course of one year, a
technical employee assigned to the Classification
Section will carefully study and analyze approximately 200,000 fingerprint patterns." As I analyze
this, with 2,000 work hours a year (40 hours a week
with two weeks' vacation) this would be at the rate
of 100 per hour. It just doesn't seem possible to
"carefully study and analyze" fingerprints at that
rate. If the statement is correct, let me know how
to get in touch with these people, as certainly
private industry would pay them a considerable fee
for their services.
59

LARGE MARKET AND FIERCE COMPETITION
IS FORECAST FOR THE BUSINESS OF MINICOMPUTERS
John R. Musgrave
Auerbach Corp.
121 North Broad St.
Philadelphia, PA 19107

The potential domestic market for minicomputers
is well in excess of 500,000 units, according to a
new study just completetl. With an installed base
of only 21,500 machines at the end of 1970, enormous opportunities exist for future growth in the
industry.
The extent to which this large market will be
penetrated will be largely dependent on the ability
of manufacturers and users to identify, implement,
and market on a broad scale new applications. While
great opportunities exist, factors such as price
declines of 18 percent per year, great competition,
and changing technology will place demanding requirements on participants in the minicomputer market.
Industrial control applications will continue to
be the largest area of growth. Peripheral devices,
which ~o~ account for 60 pe~cent of the total cost
of a mIDlcomputer system, WIll grow in importance in
minicomputer systems.
The study bases its conclusions on information
obtained from both manufacturers and users. The
study analyzes the underlying financial, technological and marketing factors of the minicomputer industry, and provides information concerning the
current status and trends of the industry, analyzes
the basic forces controlling the prospects for the
industry, and predicts future directions.
SIZE SHRINKAGE OF COMPUTERS
E. E. Bolles
Vice President and General Manager
Electronic Systems Division
The Bunker Ramo Corp.
Westlake Vii/age, CA 91361

Tomorrow's electronics will be half the size of
tOday's. Electronic systems -- ranging from radios
to computers -- have been halved in size roughly each
seven or eight years, in recent years. And the next
halving in size could come even faster.
The prediction is based on the results of a recent research program on miniaturization of electronics. The study particularly measures computer
miniaturization; Bunker-Ramo's BR-I018 computer has
a capability equivalent to many computers the size
of file cabinets.
Computers of such capability originally occupied
about 14 cubic feet. Ten years later, they were
down to about four cubic feet. Six years later, one
cubic foot. Today the new Bunker-Ramo computer occupies 1/20 cubic foot.
The reductions in size are resulting from twin
lines of progress. In packaging or assembly of
electronics, the industry has moved from vac~um
tubes mounted on a chassis, to three-dimensional
mounting and interconnection systems. In design of
electronic components, the industry has advanced
from bulky, single function vacuum tubes to miniature integrated circuits less than postage-stamp
size which perform hundreds of electronic circuit
functions.

The sharp reduction in computer size to onetwentieth of a cubic foot is probably abnormally
rapid develQpment. The whole spread of electronic
systems is not expected to go down in size so rapidly. But we are able to predict that in a few years,
tOday's electronic package can be produced in half
or less the present size, because of the packaging
density now possible.
COMPUTER FAIR IN JAPAN IN OCTOBER 1970 NETS
$2.5 MILLION IN U.S. SALES - SPURS SECOND FAIR
IN MUNICH, NOVEMBER 30, 1971
Andre Williams
Dept. of Commerce
Washington, DC 20203

$2.5 million in sales has been reported by the
U.S. Department of Commerce for the October 1970
Tokyo Computer solo exhibition cosponsored by the
Association for Computing Machinery. The Tokyo
fair has also generated $54 million of projected
first-year sales.
Encouraged by this event, the U.S. Dept. of
Commerce plans major participation in the November
1971 Munich Fair "Systems 71". The Asso~iation for
Computing Machinery, in cooperation with the Munich
Fair authorities, will coordinate the conferences
and symposia, and bring together a roster of computer pioneers and other luminaries to commemorate
the quarter century of the invention of the modern
computer.
The Commerce Department is encouraging small and
medium firms in the computer industry to market
abroad by providing a range of supporting marketing
services. For months prior to an exhibition opening, a professional field team publicizes the exhibition through carefully selected trade media.
An intensive, direct mail campaign consisting of
three separate mailings is made, identifying clearly
the specific products and services foreign companies are seeking. A series of timely conferences
with the most important trade and general news media
are held. A personal visit campaign to reach key
firms and individuals that might purchase exhibitors' products is conducted by the commercial officers of the consulates and embassies concerned.
Commerce's "Systems 71" market promotion campaign
will embrace 13 countries on the Continent, and
promotion material will be printed in 4 languages.
The Department reports a dollar return on investment for commercial exhibitors to be 14 to 1
and the balance of payments for the United States
to be 30 to 1.
"NOT UNDERSTANDING A COMPUTER" - COMMENT
John E. Douglas
1559 Summit Drive
Charleston, WV 25302

I read your editorial, "Not Understanding a Computer," in "Computers and Automation" for February
with great interest.
There is a definite need for a format setting
forth all input data on a basis that can be interpreted by the general layman. When I designed our system in 1967 it was programmed on this basis and has
received many favorable comments as to the simplicity
in reading and interpretation.
This is only the beginning. The field is unlimited due to the outstanding present and future dependence by society on computers.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK
APPLICATIONS
FORD WILL MEET CALIFORNIA
EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS
WITH HELP OF COMPUTERS

The California Air Resources
Board (State of California), which
sets emission standards and monitors compliance, requires vehicle
exhaust to be tested for various
levels of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of ni trogen.
Computers will help the Ford Motor
Co. ensure that its 1972 model cars
and trucks meet the state's standards. Emission-analyzing equipment
including two Honeywell 1603
data acquisition and control computer systems - will perform endof-line tests on 25% of all Ford
vehicles sold in California.
The Los Angeles Assembly plant
will serve as the initial installation for emission testing and diagnostics for a representative sample
of Ford vehicles delivered to California residents. The required
number of vehicles, some taken directly off the assembly line in
Los Angeles and others from among
those shipped in by railroad from
other assembly plants, will be put
through hot-start. simulated road
tests established by the California
Air Resources Board.
A complete
test will take about 20 minutes per
vehicle, according to Ford officials.
Plant expansion (which is now in
progress) will increase emission
testing capabilities to 154,000
vehicles per year from the present
34,000 per year.
Facilities will
include seven test cells, controlled
by the two Honeywell systems. Each
test cell will consist of a dynamometer, driver-aid, teleprinter,
punched card reader and a tailpipe
probe that sends exhaust to a fivestation gas analyzer attached to
the Honeywell computer. Automatic
swi tching equipment will permi tone
Honeywell computer to handle all
seven test cells in case of computer equipment malfunctions.
The computer records each detail
of the end-of-line tests, flashes
green and red lights if the vehicle
passes or fails and prepares a
written report on the vehicle. Vehicles that fail are adj usted and
re-tested before being approved
for sale in California. Durind testing, the computer systems will hahJle
approximately 85 analog and 60 digi tal inputs and 30 analog and 250
digital outputs. The H-1603s will
run unattended for up to two lOhour shifts per day.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Ford officials said its end-ofline-test facility will be operational at the Los Angeles Assembly
Plant in August, in time for the
start-up of 1972 model production.
NSP'S POWER TROUBLES IN
STORMS LOCATED WITH
AID OF COMPUTER

Northern States Power Company,
Minneapolis, Minn., uses a computer
to locate electrical outages caused
during storms in the Minneapolis
metropolitan area. The system enables the company to pinpoint affected areas more accurately and to
respond more quickly to restore
service. The system, tested during
storms and heat wave condi tions, has
proven reliable.
The Minneapolis
area records severe storms six or
seven times a year which usually
cause outages in the city and its
suburbs.
The ini tial resul t is a
deluge of customer calls. To manually sort and analyze the calls, and
to quickly dispatch repair crews
where they are mos t needed, becomes
very difficult.
Should a bad storm hi t after
regular business hours, it now is
possible for Northern States Power
(NSP) to man 40 telephones wi thin
30 minutes. As calls come in, information such as customer's address, type of problem lights
out, line down, etc., - is entered
on a form.
It is typed into a
visual display terminal linked to
an IBM System/360 Model 65 computer.
The computer compiles related calls, separates calls on one
feeder from another, narrows down
possible trouble spots, indicates
the feeder and number of customers
affec ted and provides the ac tual
location of the electrical protective device involved, such as an
overhead oil recloser, line fuse
or transformer.
This information is printed for
the repair crew dispatcher and allows him to direct crews, via radio,
to trouble affecting the largest
number of customers first. As repairs are made, the dispatcher enters the information into the computer which provides him wi th a
list of customer telephone numbers
for call-back~ helping insure that
service has been restored.
In this wa~ NSP can keep better
track of areas in or out of service,
restore -service fast~r, and issue
more reliable reportS on the status
of the system and when service wiil
be restored. The computer is available 16 hour$ a day (7 a. m. to 11

p.m.). However, if a storm warning
is received during off hours the
system can be made ready wi thin
minutes.
AI R TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
FOR SAFETY IN THE SKIES

Chicago's O'Hare International
Airport (Illinois), the world's
busiest commercial air terminal, is
the first of 62 operational terminals in the U.S. to install the
ARTS III computer-aided air traffic
control System. (ARTS means Automated Radar Terminal System.) The
system was developed and installed
for the FAA by Sperry Rand's Univac
Defense Systems Division.
The FAA system can automatically
show the identi ty, speed, and al titude of aircraft in letters and
numbers next to the target "blips"
on the controller's display.
The
air traffic controller's ARTS III
console is 1 inked to the compu ter
via a keyboard, allowing him to use
the system flexibly as needed. Each

display also is linked, via the computer, to other consoles in the system, allowing control of aircraft to
be passed from controller to controller wi th a minimum of verbal communication. O'Hare's system includes
seven horizontal and four vertical
displays.
The system can track
over 100 aircraft simultaneously.
A radio beacon interrogator,
attached to antennas of airport surveillance radar, transmits signals
to a transponder in the aircraft,
triggering a coded iden tifica tion
reply. The transponder, connected
to the plane' saltimeter, also transmits altitude information. At the
terminal, the ARTS III Univac computer processes the information for
automatic display next to the proper
blip on the controller's console.
The controller is, in effect, the
interface between the sky, the
computer, and his scope.
Horizontal displays in ARTS III
allow a "team approach" by FAA con-

trollers. One controller, for instance, might handle all departures
east and north, while another handles
inbound and outbound flights at
satelli te airports north of the

terminal. Others may assist incommunications, and handoff (to another
controller) of aircraft. Overhead
panels include frequency-selection
swi tches and other transmit ti ng and
receiving equipment.
"As far a s we are concerned, ARTS
III is the greatest advancement in
air traffic control since the invention of radar," said~ Dan Vucurevich, FAA tower chief at O'Hare.
"It reduces the demands on controllers by handling much of their identification and record keeping, and
thus, helps. them concentrate on
the job of directing aircraft."
Within the large, windowless, room
under a new 200-foot-high concrete
control tower, these unseen men who
do not see the sky as they work ,
now know more about it than ever
before as they direct over 600,000
flights. a year in the terminal area.
AETNA AUTOMATES
AUTO INSURANCE

Aetna Life & Ca sual ty, Hartford,
Conn., has automated its handling
of car insurance to a degree believed to be unsurpassed in the auto
insurance i ndu stry. Seventy-two offices from coast to coast now are
able to process auto insurance
through a large computer in the company's home office.
The network,
linked by telephone lines,allows
the nation's fourth largest car i nsurer to slash the time required for
many routine insurance operations
from days or hours to seconds~
Aetna's SAFARI (System by Aetna
for Fast Access to Records and Information) system can calculate
rates and issue a policy, change or
renew a policy, prepare a bill or
provide information needed to settle
a claim, wi thin 10 to 15 ·secorids.
SAFARI aUo delivers up-to-the-minute
~tatistical reports to Aetna's man ....
gement. The network, will be used
o service other kinds of insurance
·n the near future.

'
i

SAFARI wa s conceived over five
years ago to improve service to
policyholders while helping Aetna
economically manage and process its
growing volume of, business.
Cus~
tomers benefi t, says Aetna, through
swifter claims service and the fast,
accurate handling of policy transactions.
The company's benefits,
in addi tion to greater customer
satisfaction, include the capabili ty
of processing a growing volume of
business wi th maximum efficiency and
immediate access to vi tal underwri ting and rate-making data.
Development of the system, which
uses IBM equipment, consumed more
than 300 man-years and involved
over 100 Aetna employees. At present, SAFARI averages about 15,000
transactions per day over its 20,000
miles of leased telephone lines.
Data is fed into the system and requested of it by 160 machine operators stationed at 258 terminals
throughout the country.
COMPUTER HELPS BREEDER FIND
RIGHT "MATE" FOR FARMER'S COW

When an Illinois farmer wants a
certain "mate" for his cow, there is
a small IBM computer at the Illinois
Breeding Cooperative (Hampshire,
Illinois) which can help him find
it.
The System/3 Model 10 stores
information on more than 300,000
uni ts of semen in storage at IBC
headquarters and 65 field locations.
Inventory records are stored on a
2.45 million character disk which
provides quick access to answer
inquiries and eases the firm's task
of updating records every 30 days.
If a farmer wants a certain type
of bull, IBM official s check the
System/3 Model 10' s files to see if
the correct unit is available. The
ampules, which can be delivered anywhere in the sta te in 24 hour s, are
suspended in liquid nitrogen at
-3200 F until used. The ampules of
semen range in value from a few
dollars to several thousand dollars.

IBC business manager, Thomas L.
Bruening said the computer also
helps produce 5,000 statements a
month and has helped cut the firm's
accounts receivable by $80,000.

EDUCATION NEWS

POLYTECHNIC TO GIVE GRADUATE
CREDIT FOR IBM SYSTEMS
SCIENCE PROGRAM

Polytechnic Insti tute of Brooklyn
(New York) and IBM have signed an
agreement tha~ will offer graduate

degree credi t to the company's professionals who complete an IBM
course in computer science. Since
1960, the IBM Systems Research Insti tute has offered a full-time,
l3-week resident program for senior
IBM system professionals.
Now,
they may receive six credits toward
a Master of Science degree at
Polytechnic for successful course
completion.
Under the reciprocal agreement
between Polytechnic and IBM, students who complete the l3-week SRI
program wi 11 be awarded six credi ts
towards M.S. degrees in Industrial
Management - the points to be used
as substi tutes for credi ts in Polytechnic's Management Science option.
In order to get the credi ts, students
should,seek admi ssion at Polytechnic
Insti t'u te of Brooklyn via the normal
admissions procedure.
They will
then sit for an examination based
on the program they took at the
Systems Research Institute.
"We feel that thi sis an i nnovative and imaginative effort on the
part of two great insti tutions to
keep faith with the growing demand
in all parts of the country for
high-quali ty off -campu s education, "
said Dr. Edward D. Goldberg, head
of Polytechnic's Industrial Management Department, which will offer
the graduate credit.
BASIC COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
COURSE SPONSORED BY ACPA,
POTOMAC VALLEY CHAPTER

Thirty-five Montgomery County
High School Seniors and Juniors
(Rockville,Md.)will attend a free
course on basic computer technology
thi s summer, sponsered ny The Potomac
Valley Chapter of the Association
of Computer Programmers and Analysts (ACPA) in conjunction with the
Montgomery County School System.
Pupils were nominated by their science instructors and tested to determine eligibility and aptitude.
Qualified students begin classes in
basic programming and FORTRAN on
July 12th. Classes will be held 3
days per week, 3 hours per day
through August 20th.
Computer time, classroom facilities, and textbooks are being donated by Control Data Corporation,
CDI Division, Rockville, Md. Members of the Potomac Valley Chapter,
Mr. Robert L. Whi te of Maryland State
Savings and Loan Association, and
Mr. Raymond James of CDC have vol~
unteered to be instructors.
Mr.
Whi te ' sand Mr. James' compani eS
are donatfng a portion of thei~
work week in support of thi s proj ect ~
Present plans call for this course
to be offered again in the Fall.
For information on this Pilot Pro-

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

gram or to help support the Fall
program, con tac t the Potomac Valley
C~apter, ACPA, P.O. Box 1752, RockvIlle, MD 20850.

RESEARCH FRONTIER
COMPUTER TERMINAL
"TALKS" BRAILLE

A computer terminal tha t accepts
ts in everyday language and
pnnts out answers in Braille could
lead to new opportuni ties for the
blind, according to the findings of
Norman C. Leober, an IBM engineerat
the company's Sys tern Developmen t Division laborator~ San Jose, Calif.
Loeber is looking at the feasibili ty
of a terminal system for the blind
that could reach from the user's
office or home into remote data banks
and compu ting centers. A user would
enter his requests at a standard keyboard in everyday language and receive answers at a special terminal
printer in the raised-dot language
of Braille.
re~ues

In Loeber's proposed terminal system, reading and interpreting the dot
patterns remains a human task, but
the tedious job of wri ting the dots
is shifted to machines. To test the
concep t, he as sembled an experimen tal
terminal printer designed around the
unique requirements of a blind oper~tor. Results to date are encouragIng: the terminal uni t, for example,
produces high qual i ty dots embossed
on the front surface of the paper for
easy fingertip reading and checking.

ponding Braille cell.
(Present
Braille wri ting devices for the individual either emboss the dots on
the reverse s ide of the paper or
require the operator to simultaneously depress separate keys for
each dot in the cell.
Some 400 blind computer programmers in the U.S. could be the first
to profit from such a Braille terminal.
Like their sighted colleagues, they would be able to analyze and debug programs faster
through real-time communications
with a computer. New career doors
for the blind also could open with
the inc rea sing emergence 0 f da ta
banks capable of holding huge quantities of information.
Even more importan t, Loeber feels
is the terminal's potential to tak~
the frustration out of learning for
the blind school child. Few parents
today can afford the cost or space
at home for even an abridged dictionary that, in Braille, fills 36 volumes and several library shelves.
For these children, remote access
to computerized libraries would
mean more time to learn and less
time seeking Braille reference works
for help on homework assignments.
GTE SYLVANIA INSTRUMENT
HELPS "HUMANIZE" COMPUTER

At Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Mass., experiments designed to give the computer some of the sensory abilities
of humans are being conducted using
a data tablet manufactured by GTE
Sylvania Inc. (a subsidiary of General Telephone & Elec tronics Corp.),
two minicomputers and a display
tube. Drawings placed in the computer's memory through the data
tablet can be immediately displayed
on the tube.
"The processing abilities of
today's computers are severely limited because they receive information from the real world through so
few media or 'senses "', said Prof.
Nicholas Negroponte of M.I.T.'s
School of Archi tec ture and Planning.
"The GTE Syl vania data tablet transmits material drawn on its face to
a computer, and assists in our experiments designed to add touch and'
sight to the computer's senses.

Dr. Walter Jacobs,a blind
colleague at the laboratory,
~xamines the Braille output
from an experimental embossing terminal
Input to the system also would
be simple since the operator could
~ trike a single alphabetic key to
&:>rQduce all the dots in the corresCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

"It has been possible for years
to feed drawings into computers
via data tablets," Prof. Nigroponte
explained, "so long as the sketches
were exact.
But we are teaching
the computer to interpret data not
explicitly stated.
The machine
must handle sketches that include
has tily-drawn lines, inaccurac ies ~
crossed-out mistakes, and ambigui ties stemming from discrepancies

between the user's
his execution."

intention and

For instance, if the user hastily
sketches a wall with wobbly lines,
the computer realizes that he probably meant them to be straight, and
corrects the error.
If he slowly
and deliberately draws a round wall,
the computer assumes the roundness
is intentional. The computer, according to the professor, will no
longer require the user to be any
more exact with it than he is with
a human being.

MISCELLANEOUS
UNINTERRUPTIBLE
POWER SERVICE (UPS)

Wi th today's higher operating
speeds and improved da ta storage
capabilities, the computer is more
vulnerable than ever before to minor
fluctuations in the voltage and frequency of its power supply.
Such
fluctuations
not to mention
brownouts or occasional blackouts
of today's overtaxed commercial
power systems are becoming a
serious problem at computer installations in many parts of the country.
In some cases, damage is done to
basic operational programming that
puts the computer completely out
of commissionj other times it's
just a bothersome error in someone's account that eventually gets
straightened out.
C. G. Helmick. manager of the
inverter produc t group for the Wes tinghouse Indus trial Sys terns Division
in Buffalo, N. Y., points out that
the electrical industry has had an
answer to the problem - j us t inserting an uninterruptible power system
(UPS) between the computer and the
commercial power source - but only
recently have many computer owners
become aware of it.
The UPS uses rectifiers to convert the raw incoming a-c power
into direct current. Using the de
as a power source the sys tern then
recons truc ts a perfec t a-c power
signal for the computer. The voltage and frequency of this signal
are isolated from the effects of
any variations in the incoming commercial power.
Should the incoming power drop sharply or fail altogether, there is a bank of standby
batteries from which the UPS draws
power until the commercial power
comes back on.
When it does, th~
rectifiers immediately start recharging the batteries to full power.
Helmick estimates that 500 to 1000
data processing installations have
an UPS in operation today.

NEW CONTRACTS
International Computers Ltd.,
London, England

V/O Avtopromimport, Moscow,
Russia

General American Transportation Corp. (GATX), GARD Research Divo, Chicago, Ill.

U.S. Postal Service

TRW Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.

Bonneville Power Administration,
Vancouver, Washin~ton

Control Data Corp., Minneapolis, Minn.

Sulzer Brothers Ltd., Winterthur, Switzerland

Univac Division of Sperry
Rand Corp., Blue Bell, Pa.

Kinki Nippon Railway Co., Ltd.,
Osaka, Japan

Honeywell Information Systems,
Wellesley Hills, Mass.

Abbott Laboratories Inc.,
North Chicago, Ill.

The National Cash Register
Co" Dayton, Ohio

First Federal Savings and Loan
Assoc" Broward County, Fort
Lauderdale, Fla,
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's
Medical Center, Chicbgo, Ill.

The MEDICUS Corp., Dallas,
Texas

PRC Information Sciences Co., a Rome Air Development Center
Planning Research Corp. company, (RADC), New York
Los Angeles, Calif.
Burroughs Corp., Detroit, Mich.

Vulcan Materials Co., Chemicals
Div., Wichita, Kans.

Honeywell Ltd., London,
England

Rotherham Works of Special
Steels Div., British Steel
Corp •• London, England
Imperial College of London
Univ., London, England

Data Products Corp., Woodland
Hills, Calif.

Naval Regional Procurement
Center, Los Angeles, Calif.

Computer Technology Inc., a
UCC SUbsidiary, Dallas, Texas

U.S. Social Security Admn.,
Washington, D.C.

Interdata, Inc., Oceanport,
N.J.

London University, London,
England

Varian Data Machines, Irvine,
Calif.
IBM Corporation, New York, N.Y.

Logic Corp., Cherry Hill,N.J.
Ovionic Memories, Inc., Los
Angeles, Calif,

TRW Credit Data, Anaheim,
Calif.

Credit Bureau of Phoenix,
Arizona

Honeywell Controls Ltd.,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Bell Telephone Company of
Canada

PRC Information Sciences Co., a State of Florida
Planning Research Corp. company,
Los Anoeles, Calif.
Potter Instrument Company, Inc., Data Products Div. of Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc.
Me 1v i 11 e , N. Y•
Bunker Ramo Corp., Westlake
Village, Calif.

Naval Electronic Systems Command, Washington, D.C.

Raytheon Data Systems Co.,
Norwood, Mas s •

Saint Mary's Health Center,
St. Louis, Mo.

Two System 4-62 computers and peripherals
to computerize Moskvich, a major Russian
car plant; ICL is first Western computer
company to get official accredited representation and be allowed to establish an
office in Moscow
Fabrication and installation of the ZIPCode Mail Translator (ZMT) which permits
mechanized sorting of up to 36,000 letters per
hour. to as many as 277 different ZIP areas
A Real Time Operations, Dispatching and
Scheduling (RODS) System for controlling
generation and transmission on the Federal Columbia River Power system
A Control Data dual 3500 computer system
to expand current business data processing
and manufacturing control applications
A UNIVAC 1110 to supplement and enhance
3 existing UNIVAC 418-11 systems used for
real-time, automatic reservation systems
(express trains, tourist buses and hotels)
Placing Model 115 systems at 18 regional
sales-distribution centers in U,S. and a
Model 115/2 in headquarters for ~ sales
and order-entry network
An NCR Century 300 system to replace two
smaller on-line computers to make a fully
integrated data processing system
A hospital-wide resources utilization
program; installing, operating central data
processing center and designing elements of
a hospital management information system
Functional expansion of the PACER (Proqram
Assisted Console Evaluation and Review)
system which provides support to intelligence analysts
A B2500 computer system to be used for
~eneral accounting tasks, payroll, storeroom inventory, sales analysis, tank car
control system
Installation and commission of a direct
digital control system (an H316 ahd associated peripherals) for 28 soaking pits
A process computer system (H516) for concontrol of a crystallization plant and a
carbon dioxide absorber/desorber
A follow-on order for 15 Model 2910 Military Teleprinters for shipboard use and
their associated support hardware
Design, implementation and maintenance of
an acceptance test system for control and
testing of Bureau of Health Insurance's
Medicare Part B Model System
Two Model 5 computers and.one 270X frontend processor; the computers (at University
College and London Graduate Business School)
will communicate with University's IBM 360/65
Additional 23 Varian 620/L computers for
use in firm's LC-720 key disc system
An IBM System/370 Model 145 for use as one
of laboratory instruments for development
and testing of OMI memory systems
The reporting of consumer credit information to subscribers in Maricopa County; a
separate computer file for the Phoenix
Credi t Bureau wi 11 be maintained at Anaheim
A five-year lease of a Model 6030 computer
which will be used for Bell's internal
computer service bureau
Design and implementation of an automated
and consolidated State retirement accounting system
Delivery of 100 LP 3000 Line Printers with
option to increase quantity to 500 over a
three year period
BR-700 off-line message editing equipment;
system will reduce typing and re-typing of
teletype messaqes and reduce errors
A computerized information network, called
PULSE, desi~ned especially for hospitals to
tie all facilities operations together

1:.1,800,000+

$5.4 million
(approximate)
$5.1 million

$4.5 million
$4 million

$2.5 million

$1.6 million
$1.5 million

$1 million
(approximate)
$500,000+

$500,000+
$300,000
$250,000+
$170,000
(approximate)
$160,000

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

NEW INSTALLATIONS

Burroughs B 6500 system

Department of Defense

Computer Automation, Inc.
Model 808 system
Control Data 3300 system

Michigan Department of State
Highways
United States Coast Guard
Washington, D. C.

Control Data 3300 system

Western Electric Co., Inc.
Reading, Pa.
Dalhousie University,
Halifax, Nova Scotia

Control Data.6400 system

Digital Equipment PDP-8/L
Hewlett Packard Model 2000C
Honeywell Model 2015 system

Onan Eastern Corp., Long
Island City, N. Y.
Stanford University Graduate
School of Business, Stanford,
Calif
Equity and Law Life Assurance Society Ltd., Brentford, England

Honeywell Model 3200 system

Prices Tailors Ltd., Leeds,
England

IBM System/3 Model 10

Wheeler's Remanufactured Engines,
Macon, Georgia
Hydro-Line Manufacturing Company,
Rockford , Ill.
Maryland Datamation, Inc.,
Cockeysville, Maryland

IBM 1130 system
IBM 1130 system
NCR Century 50 system

NCR Century 200 system

First Federal Savings and Loan
Association, Savannah, Ga.
High Grade Beverage, New Brunswick, N.J.
Institution Food House, Hickory,
No. Car.
Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company of
Central Virginia, Charlottesville
Southern Woodenware, Nashville,
Tenn.
Water Bonnet, Inc., Orlando, Fla.
William Focke's Sons Company of
Dayton, Ohio
Paisley Burgh Council, Glasgow,
Scotland

UNIVAC 494 system

Yasuda Banking and Trust Company,
Tokyo, Japan

UNIVAC 1106 system

Maricopa County Junior College
District, Phoenix, Arizona

UNIVAC 1106 system

University of Cape Town, South
Africa

UNIVAC 1106 system

University of Copenhagen,
Denmark

UNIVAC 9400 system

Nestle Company (Australia) Ltd.,
Sydney, Australia

UNIVAC 9400 system

Suffolk County Federal Savings &
Loan Association, Centereach, N. Y.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Regular operational use; multiprocessing system is
oriented toward data communications; achieved effectiveness level of 96.49% in 30-day acceptance test
(system valued at $5.7 million)
Monitoring urban traffic, both surface street and
expressway
Personnel accounting, management information services, statistical reporting, communications, scientific analysts
(system valued at $2.1 million)
Electrical test set control and data analysis
Administrative, medical research, physics, engineering and computer sciences applications; will
also serve other schools in province and plan to
offer time to Nova Scotia provincial government
as well as other interested users
(system valued at $1.6 million)
Automate process of preparing cost proposals for
potential customers
Use as tool for management problem solving; system
is student-oriented and will enable substantial increase of computer use by students
Taking over and further developing workload of
Honeywell 400 in use since 1963; includes most of
routine work associated with insurance policies
(system valued at over $670,000)
Managing credit account system for nearly 640 retail
stores; other applications include payroll for ove~
7,000, sales forecasting system, and a work-inprogress production system in the factories
Forecasting auto-part needs of car dealers and
wholesalers in 13 states
Helping produce tapes to guide machine tools
Turning rough engineering sketches into finished
drawings to save time for land developers in
twenty states
Processing savings and mortgage accounts
Maintaining inventory and doing billing
Accounts receivable and payable, invoicing, sales
analysis and inventory control
Route settlements and billing
Controlling 6,000-item inventory and processing
payroll
Forecasting inventory needs, processing accounts
payable and receivable and payroll, and general
ledger accounting
Process orders, accounts receivable, payroll and
general ledger; also to generate sausage formulas
Joint use by Paisley government unit and Renfrew
County Council; about 20 major applications planned
over next 2 years; now handling general accounting
tasks, payroll for 4500, and county's valuation register listing 136,000 properties
An on-line, real-time banking system, covering bark's
36 branches throughout Japan
(system valued at about $2.1 million)
Student, faculty and administrative needs of the
district which comprises five junior colleges with
a total student population of 30,000
(system valued at $1.5 million)
Nucleus of computing facility for students, faculty
members and the administration; will operate in
batch, conversational and real-time modes.
(system valued at $1 million)
Student programs and scientific purposes including
analysis of bubble chamber films, microwave spectroscopy, linguistic text analysis and datalogy
(system valued at about $2 million)
Developing completely integrated system involving
all aspects of Nestle operation in Australia; this
will include linking the head office with factories
and branch offices
Communicating with teller windows to increase
services to customers at Associations eight offices

MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS
Neil Macdonald
Survey Edi tor
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
The following is a summary made by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION of reports and estimates of the number of general purpose electronic digital computers manufactured and installed, or to be manufactured and on
order. These figures are mailed to individual computer manufacturers
from time to time for their information and review, and for any updating or comments they may care to provide. Please note the variation
in dates and reliability of the information. Several important manufacturers refuse to give out, confirm, or comment on any figures.
Our census seeks to include all digital computers manufactured anywhere. We invite all manufacturers located anywhere to submit information for this census. We invite all our readers to submit information that would help make these figures as accurate and complete as
possible.
Part I of the Monthly Computer Census contains reports for United
States manufacturers. Part II contains reports for manufacturers
outside of the united States. The two parts are published in alternate months.

The following abbreviations apply:
(A) -- authoritative figures, derived essentially from information
sent by the manufacturer directly to COMPUTERS AND
'
AUTOMATION
C
figure is combined in a total
(D)
acknowledgment is given to DP Focus, Marlboro, Mass., for
their help in estimating many of these figures
E
figure estimated by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
(N)
manufacturer refuses to give any figures on number of installations or of orders, and refuses to comment in any
way on those numbers stated here
(R) -- figures derived all or in part from information released
indirectly by the manufacturer, or from reports by other
..sources likely to be informed
(S)
sale only, and sale (not rental) price is stated
X -- no longer in production
information not obtained at press time

SUMMARY AS OF JUNE 15, 1971

NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
Part 1. united States Manufacturers
Autonetics

Bailey Meter Co.
Wickliffe, Ohio
(A) (6/71)
Bunker-Ramo Corp.
Westlake Village, Calif.
(A)

(6/71)

Burroughs
Detroit, Mich.
(Nl

(1/69-5/69)

Computer Automation, Inc.
Newport Beach, Calif.
(A) (6/71)
Control Data Corp
Minneapolis, Minn.
(R)

(6/71)

NAME OF
COMPUTER

DATE OF
FIRST
INSTALLATION

RECOMP II
RECOMP III
Bailey 750
Bailey 755
Bailey 756
Bailey 855
BR-130
BR-133
BR-230
BR-300
BR-330
BR-340
BR-I018
205
220
BI00/B500
B2500
B3500
B5500
B6500
B7500
B8500
108/208/808
116/216/816

11/58
6/61
6/60
11/61
2/65
4/68
10/61
5/64
8/63
3/59
12/60
12/63
6/71
1/54
10/58
7/65
2/67
5/67
3/63
2/68
4/69
8/67
66/68
3/69

G15
G20
LGP-21
LGP-30
RPS4000
636/136/046 Series
160/8090 Series
924/924-A
1604/A/B
1700/SC
3100/3150
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3800
6400/6500
6600
6700
7600

7/55
4/61
12/62
9/56
1/61
5/60
8/61
1/60
5/66
5/64
5/64
9/65
11/64
8/68
6/23
2/66
8/64
8/64
6/67
12/68

AVERAGE OR RANGE
OF MONTHLY RENTAL
$ (000)
2.5
1.5
40-250
200-600
60-400
100-1000
2.0
2.4
2.7
3.0
4.0
7.0
23.0
4.6
14.0
2.8-9.0
5.0
14.0
23.5
33.0
44.0
200.0
5.0
8.0

(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)

NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS
In
Outside
In
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
World
30
6
32
6
13
8
160
79
15
18
19
19

0
3
0
0

30
6
35
6
18
8

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED
ORDERS
X
X

o
o
6
17
X

X
X
X

X
X

(S)
25-38
28-31

(S)
(S)

27-40
30-33

X
X

52-57
44
65-74
4

12
18
7

64-49
62
72-81
4

117
190
8
60
13

165
215

10
20

175
235

110
225

295
20
165
322
75
29
610
29
59
400-450
83-110
55-60
200
20
15
40
20
105
85

1.6
15.5
0.7
1.3
1.9
2.1-14.0
11.0
45.0
3.8
10-16
13.0
20-38
18.0
25.0
52.0
53.0
58.0
115.0
130.9
235.0

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

o
C
C

C
C

C
C
C

C
C
C
C

Total:
160 E
Data General Corp.
Southboro, Mass.
CAl (4/711

Datacraft Corp.
Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.
(A) (6/71)
Digiac Corp.
Plainview, N.Y.
(Al

0/71)

Digital Computer Controls, Inc.
Fairfield, N.J. (A) (6/71)
Digital Equipment Corp.
Maynard, Mass.
(A) (2/71)

NOVA
SUPERNOVA
NOVA 1200
NOVA 800
SUPERNOVA SC
6024/1
6024/3
6024/5
Digiac 3060
Digiac 3080
Digiac 3080C

2/69
5/70
12/71
3/71
6/71
5/69
2/70
12/71
1/70
12/64
10/67

8.0
9.6
5.4
6.9
11.9
54-300
33-200
16-50
9.0
19.5
25.0

(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)
(S)

D-112

8/70

10.0

PDP-l
PDP-4
PDP-5

11/60
8/62
9/63

3.4
1.7
0.9

813
102
100

12
42

12
48
0

30
16

46
5

o
1

100

300

48
40
90

50
45
100

X
X

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
Digital Equipment Corp. (cont'd)

Electronic Associates Inc.
Long Branch, N.J. (A) (6/7l)
EMR Computer
Minneapolis, Minn.
(A)

(2/7l)

NAME OF
COMPUTER
PDP-6
PDP-7
PDP-8
PDP-8/1
PDP-8/S
PDP-8/L
PDP-9
PDP-9L
PDP-10
PDP-11
PDP-12
PDP-IS
LINC-8

640
8400
EMR 6020
EMR 6040
EMR 6050
EMR 6070
EMR 6130
EMR 6135
EMR 6155

DATE OF
FIRST
INSTALLATION
10/64
11/64
4/65
3/68
9/66
11/68
12/66
11/68
12/67
3/70
9/69
-/69
9/66

4/67
7/67
4/65
7/65
2/66
10/66
8/67

AVERAGE OR RANGE
OF MONTHLY RENTAL
$ (000)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
1.1
8.0
10.5
17.0

1.2
12.0
5.4

6.6
9.0
15.0
5.0
2.6

(S)

NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS
outside
In
In
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
World
C
C
23
C
C
160
C
1440
C
C
C
3698
C
1024
C
C
3902
C
C
436
C
C
C
48
C
145
C
546
C
C
475
C
C
C
6
15
C
142
C

95
20

60
6

155
26

C
C
C
C
C

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED
ORDERS

x
X
C
C
C
C
C

C
C
C
C
C
C

Total:
1350 E
6
1
C
C
C
C
C

Total:
1350 E
General Automation, Inc.
Anaheim, Calif.
(R) (6/7l)
General Electric
West Lynn, Mass.
(Process Control Computers)
(A)

(6/7l)
Hewlett Packard
Cupertino, Calif.
(A) (6/7l)
Honeywell Information Systems
Wellesley Hills, Mass.
(A)
(2/7l)

SPC-12
SPC-16
System 18/30
GE-PAC 3010
GE-PAC 4010
GE-PAC 4020
GE-PAC 4040
GE-PAC 4050
GE-PAC 4060
2114A, 2114B
2115A
2116A, 2116B, 2116C
G58
G105A
G105B
G105RTS
G115
G120

GUO
G205
G210
G215
G225
G235
G245
G255 T/S
G265 T/S
G275 T/S
G405
G410 T/S
G415
G420 T/S
G425
G430 T/S
G435
G440 T/S
G615
G625
G635
G655
H-110
H-115
H-120
H-125
H-200
H-400
H-800
H-1200
H-1250
H-1400
H-1800
H-2200
H-3200
H-4200
H-8200
DDP-24
DDP-116
DDP-124
DDP-224
DDP-316
DDP-416
DDP-516
H112
H632
H1602
H1642
H1644
H1646
H1648
H1648A

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

1/68
5/70
7/69
5/70
10/70
2/67
8/64
12/66
6/65
10/68
11/67
11/66
5/70
6/69
6/69
7/69
4/66
3/69
12/68
6/64
7/60
9/63
4/61
4/64
11/68
10/67
10/65
11/68
2/68
11/69
5/64·
6/67
6/64
6/69
9/65
7/69
3/68
4/65
5/65
12/70
8/68
6/70
1/66
12/67
3/64
12/61
12/60
2/66
7/68
1/64
1/64
1/66
2/70
8/68
12/68
5/63
4/65
3/66
3/65
6/69

2.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
7.0
2.0
0.25
0.41
0.6
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.2
2.2
2.9
4.5
2.9
16.0
6.0
8.0
12.0
13.0
17.0
20.0
23.0
6.8
11.0
7.3
23.0
9.6
17.0
14.0
25.0
32.0
43.0
47.0
80.0
2.7
3.5
4.8
7.0
7.5
10.5
30.0
9.8
12.0
14.0
50.0
18.0
24.0
32.5
50.0
2.65
0.9
2.2
3.5
0.6

o
o
181
45
23
18

51
20
2

200-400

420-680

o
o

35
15
145
40-60

1
15
17

15-20
45-60

15-30

10-40
170-300
50-100

70-100
20-30

5
232
65
25
20
1130
326
705

15
23
50
X
X
X

620-1080

11
35
16
160
57-77
15-20
60-90
10
15-45
240-400
70-130
26

26
23-43

23
20-40
180
30
800
150
800
46
58
230
130
4
15
125
20
18
10

900
70
70
2

75
160
220
275
40
15
90

55
6
5

60
2

255
30
960
370
1075
86
73
325
185
10
20
185
22
20
14
90
250
250
60
450
350
900
75

9/66
10/69
12/68

1.2
3.2

;t.2

11/68

12.0

X
X

NAME OF
MANUFAcrURER
IBM
White Plains, N.Y.
(N)

(D)

(1/69-5/69)

Interdata
Oceanport, N.J.
(A) (6/71)

NCR
Dayton, Ohio
(AI
(6/711

Phi1co
Willow Grove, Pa.
(N)
(1/69)
RCA
Cherry Hill, N.J.
(N)

(5/69)

Raytheon
Santa Ana, Calif.
(A)

(6/71)

Scientific Control Corp.
Dallas, Texas
(A)

(6/70)

Standard Computer Corp.
Los Angeles, Calif.
(A) (6/71)
Systems Engineering Laboratories
Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.
(A)

(6/70)

UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand
New York, N.Y.
(A)
(@/71)

NAME OF
COMPUTER
System/3 Model 6
System/3 Model 10
System/7
305
650
1130
1401
1401-G
1401-H
1410
1440
1460
1620 I, II
1800
7010
7030
704
7040
7044
705
7020,
7074
7080
7090
7094-1
7094-II
360/20
360/25
360/30
360/40
360/44
360/50
360/65
360/67
360/75
360/85
360/90
370/135
370/145
370/155
370/165
360/195
Model
Model 3
Model 4
Model 5
Model 15
304
310
315
315 RMC
390
500
Century 50
Century 100
century 200
century 300
1000
200-210,211
2000-212
301
501
601
3301
Spectra 70/15
Spectra 70/25
Spectra 70/35
Spectra 70/45
Spectra 70/46
Spectra 70/55
250
440
520
703
704
706
650
655
660
670
4700
DCT-132
IC 4000
IC 6000
IC 7000
810
810A
810B
840
840A
840MP
Systems 86
I

III
File Computers

DATE OF
FIRST
INSTALLATION
3/71
1/70
11/71
12/57
10/67
2/66
9/60
5/64
6/67
11/61
4/63
10/63
9/60
1/66
10/63
5/61
12/55
6/63
6/63
11/55
3/60
3/60
8/61
11/59
9/62
4/64
12/65
1/68
5/65
4/65
7/66
8/65
11/65
10/65
2/66
12/69
11/67
5/72
9/71
2/71
5/71
4/71
12/70
5/67
8/68
11/70
1/69
1/60
5/61
5/62
9/65
5/61
10/65
3/71
9/68
6/69
2/72
6/63
10/58
1/63
2/6:;.
6/59
11/62
7/64
9/65
9/65
1/67
11/65
11/66
12/60
3/64
10/65
10/67
3/70
5/69
5/66
10/66
10/65
5/66
4/69
5/69
12/68
5/67
8/70
9/65
8/66
9/68
11/65
8/66
1/68
3/51 & 11/57
8/62
8/56

AVERAGE OR RANGE
OF MONTHLY RENTAL
$(000)
1.0
1.1
0.35 and up
3.6
4.8
1.5
5.4
2.3
1.3
17.0
4.1
10.0
4.1
5.1
26.0
160.0
32.0
25.0
36.5
38.0
27.0
35.0
60.0
63.5
75.0
83.0
2.7
5.1
10.3
19.3
11.8
29.1
57.2
133.8
66.9
150.3

15
18
1227
1836
450
140
116
1174
63
186
148
17

1
1
27
13
3
26
2

4
4
3276

55
68
3807
4046
870
320
272
2864
257
471
563
81
5
13
2

41
21
13
70
15
6
14
10
7966

4075
1260
65
480
175
9
14

3144
498
13
109
31
4

8219
1758
78
589
206
13
17

425
125

55
200
300
40
64
17
8
725
175
825
2700
10
1775
525

6.6

15.0

6
4690

45
N/A
200
25
40
15
8
425
125
325
1000
10
1350
400

8.5
10.5
20.0
14.0
2.5
7.0
9.0
0.8
1.0
1.6
2.7
7.7
20.0
7.0
40.0
52.0
7.0
14.0-18.0
14.0-35.0
17.0-35.0
4.3

:n.0

40
50
2580
2210
420
180
156
1690
194
285
415
67
4
12
35
28
18
10
44
13
4
10

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED
ORDERS

(S)

14.4
23.3
48.0
98.7
232.0
3.7

9.2
22.5
33.5
34.0
1.2
3.6
3.2
12.5
8.0
19.0
0.5
2.1
2.1
2.7
1.8
0.9
9.0
16.0
17.0
1.1
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.5
2.0
10.0
25.0

NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS
In
Outside
In
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
World

(S)
(S)

(SI

16
16
12
140-290
22-50
2
24-60
90-110
68-70
65-100
84-180
1
11
115
20
26
172
64
55
23
137
41
1
19
45
9
9
5
24
111
75

100
15
24

o
300
50
500
1700

o
23
25
13

90
50
13
X
X

X
X

100-130
1

240-420
23-51

1-5
35-60
18-25
20-50
21-55

25-65
125-170
86-95
85-150
105-235
1
12
175
20
27
203
80
69
23
137
41
1
19
45
8
9
4
24
216
76

o
1
20

31
16
14

o
o
o

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
5

o
36
31

o
o
6

38
31

o
31

X
X
2

32
3
X

o
o
X

4
23
4

32
26
X
X
2
2
X
X
X

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

NAME OF
MANUFACTURER
UNIVAC (Cont 'd.)

Varian Data Machines
Newport Beach, Calif.
(A)

(6/71)

R]
Xerox Data Systems
E1 Segundo, Calif.
(R)

(2/71)

DATE OF
NAME OF
FIRST
COMPUTER
INSTALLATION
Solid-State 80 I,ll,
90, I, II, & step
8/58
418
6/63
490 Series
12/61
1004
2/63
1005
4/66
1050
9/63
1100 Series (except
1107, 1108)
12/50
1107
10/62
9/65
1108
9200
6/67
9/67
9300
9400
5/69
LARC
5/60
620
11/65
620i
6/67
R-260i
<1/69
520i
10/68
520/DC
12/69
620/f
11/70
620/L
4/71
XDS-92
4/65
XDS-910
8/62
XDS-920
9/62
XDS-925
12/64
XDS-930
6/64
4/66
XDS-940
XDS-9300
11/64
Sigma 2
12/66
Sigma 3
12/69
Sigma 5
8/67
Sigma 6
6/70
Sigma 7
12/66
Sigma 9

8.0
11.0
30.0
1.9
2.4
8.5

210
76
75
150]
637
138

36
11
628
299
62

112
86
2130
936
200

35.0
57.0
68.0
1.5
3.4
7.0
135.0

8
87
1051
387
8

3
114
822
49
0

11
56
175
144

75
1300
50
150
25

0.4
1.6
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.9
3.0
3.4
14.0
8.5
1.8
2.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
35.0

NUMBER OF
UNFILLED
ORDERS

10-60
150-170
93-120
20
159
28-35
21-25
60-110
10
15-40

10-15
0
6-18

12-62
157-180
98-132
21
173
28-35
22-26
70-125
10
21-58

24-35

5-9

29-44

7-10
5-12
1
14
0

X
20
35
20
90
10

E
E
E
E
E

X
X
75
850
550
60

E
E
E
E

X
400
30
330
25
125
200

tution. There is no imagination or intelligence
involved in their creation.

Bernard Goldstein, President
Association of Data Processing Service Organizations
551 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10017

2. From the Editor

The start of trial for ADAPSO's case against the
U.S. Controller of the Currency and the American
National Bank of St. Paul has been fixed for June
21, 1971; the trial is before Judge Neville in the
Eighth Circuit District Court in Minneapolis, Minn.

The question is whether the nation's banks may
provide EDP services to the public. ADAPSO believes
that such activity is contrary to the incidental
powers portion of the National Bank Act.
We have sought for four years to have this case
tried on its merits. Recent activity has shown the
concern of Congress for the economic power of the
bank interests, with the passage of restrictive
legislation in the area of the one bank holding
company.

NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS
Outside
In
In
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
World

ASSOCIATION OF DATA PROCESSING SERVICE
ORGANIZATIONS VS. CONTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY
AND AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK OF ST. PAUL

This is the first trial that tests the participation of banks in the data processing industry.

AVERAGE OR RANGE
OF MONTHLY RENTAL
$ (000)

A similar case in Providence. R.I., brought by
Wingate Computing Center, is being withdrawn, without prejudice t in order to concentrate every resource on the Minnesota litigation.

Thank you for your nice, prodding letter.
Stuart Freudberg and I offer two semi-Numbles for
you:
1. Find seven solutions to YES x NO = MAYBE,
2. Find one solution to ONE x TWO = EIGHT,
and then make up a message of significance
using the letters.
Let us know how you make out.
BOOK REVIEW

Weik, Martin H. / Standard Dictionary of Computers
and Information Processing / Hayden Book Co.,
Inc., 116 W. 14 St., New York, NY 10011 / 1969,
hardbound, 326 pp., $10.95.
A useful reference which includes definitions, a
number of diagrams, and some essay-type supplementary information, to assure understanding of each
of more than 10,000 hardware and software terms in
common usage today in the computer field.

ADVERTISING INDEX
NUMBLE CHALLENGES, GIVEN AND RETURNED

I. Robert R. Weden
6809 Creson ton Road
Edina, Minnesota 55435·

Regarding Numble 714, "Folly does not see":
~]

Id
lical
1-

After substituting the letters in the original
problem for consistency, it appears that Y = 6, and
after brief experiment that E = 8 and S = 3; then
L = 4, .•• , and the saying is "Folly does not see
its magnitude."
The greatest challenge these recent Numbles have
is overcoming the tedious aspect of letter substiCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Following is the index of advertisements. Each item
contains: Name and address of the advertiser / page
number where the advertisement appears / name of
agency, if any.
ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY, 1133 A~enue of
the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10036 / page 72 /
Corporate Presence, Inc.
COMMON CAUSE, 2100 M St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20037
/ Page 71
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 / Page 3
NEW YORK TIMES Book&Education Div., 299 West43St.,
New York, N.Y. 10036 / Page 2 / Kingen Feleppa
O'Dell
69

CALENDAR OF COMING ,EVENTS
July 19·21, 1971: 1971 Summer Computer Simulati,on Conference.
Sheraton·Boston Hotel, Boston, Mass. / contact Donald H. Niesse,
McDonnell Automation Co., Dept. K676, Box 516, St. Louis, Mo.
63166, or, Peter Stein, McGraw-Hili Publishing Co., 607 Boylston
St., Boston, Mass. 02116

Sept. 27·29, 1971: Elettronica '71-l5t International Conference on
Applications of Electronics in the Industry, 21 st Internationa I Technical Exhibition, Turin, Italy / contact: Dr. Ing. Giovanni Villa, Elettronica 71, Corso Massimo d'Azeglio 15, 10126 Turin, Italy

July 19·23, 1971: Conference on Computers in Chemical Education and
Research, Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, III. / contact: Dr. F. M.
Miller, Dept. of Chemistry, Northern III,inois Univ., DeKalb, III. 60115

Oct. 6·8, 1971: Conference on "Two·Dimensional Digital Processing".
Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Mo. / contact: Prof. Ernest
l. Hall, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia,
Columbia, Mo. 65201

July 26·29, 1971: First International Computer Exposition for Latin
America, sponsored by the Computer Society of Mexico, Camino
Real Hotel, Mexico City, Mexico / contact: Bernard lane, Computer
Exposition, Inc., 254 West 31 st St., New York, N.Y. 10001

Oct. 10·12 1971: First Annual ASM Southwest Division Conference
(sponsored by Assoc. for Systems Management, Div. Council 18),
Jung Hotel, New Orleans, La. / contact: Albert J. Krail, 636
Baronne St., New Orleans, La. 70113

Aug. 3·5, 1971: ACM '71 "Decade of Dialogue", Conrad Hilton Hotel,
Chicago, III. / contact: AI Hawkes, Computer Horizons, 53 West
Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III. 60604

Oct. 18·20, 1971: 27th Annual National Electronics Conference and
Exhibition (NEC/71), Pick-Congress Hotel, McCormick Place, Chicago,
III. / contact: NEC, Oakbrook Executive Plaza #2, 1211 W. 22nd
St., Oa k Brook, III. 60521

Aug. 3·6, 1971: IFAC Symposium on The Operator, Engineer and Man.
agement Interface with the Process Control Computer, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. / contact: Dr. Theodore J. Williams, Purdue
laboratory for Applied Industrial Control, Purdue University, lafay·
ette, Ind. 47907
Aug. 11.13, 1971: Joint Automatic Control Conference, Washington
Univ., St. Louis, Mo. / contact: R. W. Brockett, Pierce Hall, Harvard
Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138
Aug. 16·19, 1971: International Symposium on the Theory of Ma·
chines and Computations, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel/contact: Sheldon B. Akers, Secretary, IEEE
Technical Comm. on Switching and Automata Theory, General
Electric Co., Bldg. 3, Room 226, Electronics Park, Syracuse, N.Y.
13201
Aug. 16·20, 1971: Jerusalem Conference on Information Technology,
Jerusalem, Israel/contact: The Jerusalem Conference on Information Technology, P.O.B. 7170, Jerusalem, Israel
Aug. 24.27, 1971: western Electronic Show & Convention (WESCON),
San Francisco Hilton & Cow Palace, San Francisco, Calif. / contact:
WESCON Office, 3600,Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90005
Aug. 30·Sept. 10, 1971: International Advanced Summer Institute on
Microprogramming, Saint Raphael, French Riviera / contact: Guy
Boulaye and Jean Mermet, Institute de Mathematiques Appliquees,
Cedex 53, 38 - Grenoble /Gare, France

Oct. 18.20, 1971: International Computer Forum & Exposition, Mc·
Cormick Place-On-The-Lake, Chicago, III. / contact: International
Computer Forum & Exposition, Oak Brook Executive Plaza #2,
1211 West 22nd St., Oa k Brook, III. 60521
Oct. 25, 1971: Second Annual SIGCOSIM (ACM Special Interest Group
on Computer Systems Installation Management) Symposium, Washington, D.C. / contact: I. Feldman, Wiley Systems, Inc., 6400
Goldsboro Rd., Bethesda, Md. 20034
Oct. 25·29, 1971: IEEE Joint National Conference on Major Systems,
Disneyland Hotel, Anaheim, Calif. / contact: Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y.
10017
Oct. 25·29, 1971: Systems Science & Cybernetics Conference & 1971
ORSA (Operations Research Society of America) Meeting, Disneyland Hotel, Anaheim, Calif. / contact: Dr. Michael W. lodato, Xerox
Data Systems, 701 So. Aviation Blvd., EI Segundo, Calif. 90245
Oct. 29, 1971: Sixth Annual ACM Urban Symposium, New York Hilton
Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact: Gerald M. Sturman, Parsons
Brinckerhoff, 111 John St., New York, N.Y. 10038
Nov. 1·2, 1971: Computer Science and Statistics: Fifth Annual Sym·
posium on the Interface, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
Okla. I contact: Dr. Mitchell O. Locks, Oklahoma State Univ.,
Stillwater, Okla. 74074

Sept. 1·3, 1971: Second International Joint Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, Imperial College, london, England / contact: The
British Computer Society, Conference Department, 29 Portland
Place, london, W.1., U.K.
Sept. 6·10, 1971: DISCOP Symposium (IFAC Symposium on Digital
Simulation of Continuous Processes), GyOr, Hungary / contact:
The Organizing Committee, Symposium on Simulation, Budapest
112, P.O.B. 63, Hungary
Sept. 7.9, 1971: lEE 1971 Conference on Computers for Analysis and
Control in Medical and Biological Research, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, England / contact: Manager, Conference Dept., lEE, Savoy
Place, London WC2R OBl, England
Sept. 9·10, 1971: Third Annual Conference of the Society for
Management Information Systems, Denver, Colo. / contact: Gerald
M. Hoffman, Secy., Society for Management Information Systems,
One First National Plaza, Chicago, III. 60670
Sept. 14·17, 1971: Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS)
Annual National Conference, Royal York Hotel, Toronto, Canada /
contact: Jack McCaugherty, James lovick ltd., Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
Sept. 6·10, 1971: IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Con·
trol) Symposium on Digital Simulation of Continuous Processes,
Budapest, Hungary / contact: The Organizing Committee, Symposium on Simulation, Budapest 112, POB 63, Hungary
70 ,,'

Nov. 4·5, 1971: 1971 American Production & Inventory Control So·
ciety (APICS) International Conference, Chase Park Plaza Hotel,
St. louis, Mo. / contact: Henry F. Sander, American Production &
Inventory Control Society, Inc., Suite 504 Watergate Bldg., 2600
Virginia Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037
Nov. 16·18, 1971: Fall Joint Computer Conference, Las Vegas
Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nev. / contact T. C. White, AFIPS
Headquarters, 210 Summit Ave., Montvale, N. J. 07645
Dec. 16.18, 1971: IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (including
the 10th Symposium on Adaptive Processes), Americana of Bal Harbour, Miami Beach, Fla. I contact: Prof. J. T. Tou, Univ. of Florida,
Gainesville, Fla.
Mar. 20·23, 1972: IEEE International Convention & Exhibition, Coliseum & N. Y. Hilton Hotel, New York, N. Y. I contact: IEEE Headquarters, 345 E. 47th St., New York, N. Y. 10017
April 5·8, 1972: "Teaching Systems '72", International Congress,
Berlin Congress Hall, Berlin, Germany / contact: AMK Berlin,
Aussteliungs-Messe-Kongress-GmbH,
Abt.
Presse
und
Public
Relations, D 1000 Berlin 19, Messedamm 22, Germany
May 15.18, 1972: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Convention Ctr.,
Atlantic City, N.J. I contact: AFIPS Headquarters, 210 Summit Ave.,
Montvale, N.J. 07645
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for July, 1971

Only one person
can end the war.
You.
Yes, you. The average American who
has felt so powerless up until now.
As a matter of fact, the more averageAmerican you are, the more power you
have to influence events at this crucial
moment in American history.
The Gallup poll of January 30 showed
that 73% of the people want Congressional action to require the Government
to bring home all U.S. troops from Indochina before the end of this year.
73% of the people. You can't get much
more average-American than that.
Now all you have to do is ask for it.
If you speak up, it means that other
Americans like you will speak up. But if
you remain silent, you have no right to
expect anyone else to open his mouth.
Congress can and should act.
The battle of public opinion has been
won. Now we must organize for a legisla tive end to the war.
The Congress of the United States
should be the target of your message. It
can legislate an end to the war. And
members of Congress will do so if they
know that is what the Reople want. Particularly the Reople from their own states
and districts.
That is why it is so essential for your
elected representatives to hear from you.
A major-perhaps historic-battle is
beginning to shape up in the Senate and
House to restore the Constitutional powers of the Congress. The Constitution of
the United States asserts that the power
to determine when and where we go to
war rests with Congress, not the President. But recent Presidents have viewed
this assertion lightly.
Many Senators and RepresentativesRepublicans as well as Democrats, conservatives as well as liberals-are profoundly concerned over the erosion of
their historic powers under the Constitution.
As you read this, a bipartisan group of
influential Senators and Representatives
is working 1;9 restore the Constitutional
role of Congress, and to exercise the authority they have under the Constitution
to withhold war appropriations in order
to get all our troops out of Indochina before the end of 1971.
Urge your Congressman and your two
Senators to join this movement. Tell
them that we want all our armed forces
and our prisoners of war withdrawn from
Indochina no later than December 31st,
1971. They can-do it.
Appoint yourself a committee of one.
Ask everyone you know to write. Remember: 73% of your fellow citizens are
against this war and want us to get out.
But they don't know what to do about it.

You can help them make their voices
heard.
Write to the newspapers about it. Call
up the talk shows and DJs on your local
radio stations. Use your imagination!
Common Cause is bringing fresh forces
into the battle.
Common Cause is the new citizen's
lobby organized in September by John
W. Gardner, former Secretary of Health,
Education & Welfare.
We already have a cadre of more than
115,000 active members in every state of
the union, and we are growing at the
rate of 1,000 new members a day.
We have experience in lobbying. We
are organized to tackle tough issues and
fight them through.
To give you an idea of the scope of our
efforts, Common Cause is running this

A recent
Gallup poll showed:

730/0f the people
want all our troops
brought home by the
end of this year.
Gan you imagine
what would happen
if they all spoke up ?
full page advertisement currently in the
following newspa pers:
Atlanta Journall
Constitution
Boston Globe
Chicago Sun-Times
Christian Science
Monitor
Denver Post
Los Angeles Times
Minneapolis Tribune
National Observer

New York Times
Omaha World Herald
Phoenix Republic
St. Louis Post
Dispatch
Salt Lake City Tribune
San Francisco
Chronicle/ Examiner
Seattle Times
Washington Post

And this is only the beginning.
This is a powerful, broadly-based,
Middle of the Road movement to end
the war. Pro-war elements like to claim
that only a "fringe" of the American
people is anti-war. But 73% isn't a fringe.
It's the Middle of the Road. The movement has strong and responsible backing
within the halls of Congress.
We can win this.
On the basis of soundings that we have
taken in the Senate and the House, we
believe that this fight can be won.
The American people want this end-

less war to end. They wartt all the soldiers
home. They want the prisoners released.
In contrast, the President has not only
not set a date for complete termination
of our involvement, he has never said
flatly and explicitly that he ever intends
that all American military forces be withdrawn from Vietnam.
If we can end this disastrous war even
one day sooner, it will be worth our best
effort.
If you want to do more ...
join us in Common Cause, the new citizen's lobby.
Common Cause is independent and
non-partisan, a third force in American
life, but not a third party.
It aims to revitalize our institutions
of government and make them more responsive to the people.
It defends the public interest against
all encroachment, particularly by the
special interests that dominate our lives
today.
It believes that politics had better become "everybody's business".
Our members played a leading role in
the fight to defeat the SST.
We were in the thick of the battle to
reform the Congressional seniority system, in which significant changes were
made for the first time in 25 years.
We have filed suit against the major
political parties for: violation of election
campaign spending laws.
We invite you to join us in Common
Cause.
We cannot and should not depend on
big contributors. The money to support
our work must come from the members
themselves.
Therefore we ask you to enclose a
check for $15 with your application.
With a large and determined membership, we can help end the war and begin
to rebuild America.

Common Cause
2100 M St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037
Tel: 202·293·1530
I would like to become an active member of Common Cause.
r understand that my annual dues will be 1115, which will help
support the work of the organization. (Hu.band & wife may
both join under a single membership.)
o Check enclosed. 0 Bill me.

I want to do more: My check also includ .. a contribution
to Common Cause of 011100 01150 01125 01110. Otherll_

I would like to pass this ad around to my friends. Please
send me _ _ copies.

Name
Address

City

Phone number

State

Zip

As "Grass Roots"
Goals Committee
Chairman, he's
battling the blamethe-computer
syndrome.
David Wollin, B.S. Engineering
Science, is a Senior Systems Analyst
with a ticket reservations systems
service, developing application
software. He joined ACM in 1966,
fresh out of college. "After four years,
I wanted more involvement as a computer professional," says Dave. "More
than meetings, lectures .and technical
publications. ACM seemed sort of
clannish. I felt the average member
wasn't encouraged to participate.
"Last October I wrote ACM President
Walter Carlson with some specific

suggestions. Now I'm heading the
newly-formed "Grass Roots" Committee. Our job is to critique ACM's
proposed goals on membership development, special interest activities,
EDP curricula and public education.
And come up with other goals we
think are just as important.
"This effort could mean a lot in the
next few years; I've wanted to speak
up on some things that have been
bugging me. Things I see ACM taking
a stronger stand on. Like people
blaming mistakes on the computer.

The need to cut down on hard copy
to avoid waste. The privacy issue.
The whole question of the computer's
impact on society, I guess."
Dave is only one of 27,000 members
of ACM, the oldest and most
respected professional association
in the computer field. He's enriching
his career. Making a contribution
to the computer profession. And
being heard.
Look into joining ACM. Fill out and
mail the coupon today.

Association for Computing Machinery
1133 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036
I would like to consider joining ACM.
Please send more information.
Association
for Computing
Machinery

Name
Position
Address

City

State

Zip

Source Exif Data:

File Type                       : PDF
File Type Extension             : pdf
MIME Type                       : application/pdf
PDF Version                     : 1.3
Linearized                      : No
XMP Toolkit                     : Adobe XMP Core 4.2.1-c043 52.372728, 2009/01/18-15:56:37
Producer                        : Adobe Acrobat 9.1 Paper Capture Plug-in
Modify Date                     : 2009:03:24 22:19:21-07:00
Create Date                     : 2009:03:24 22:19:21-07:00
Metadata Date                   : 2009:03:24 22:19:21-07:00
Format                          : application/pdf
Document ID                     : uuid:94578943-4822-419c-ad0f-6144bc3b3274
Instance ID                     : uuid:26ecc2bb-54f4-498f-bafd-66bc7459daec
Page Layout                     : SinglePage
Page Mode                       : UseNone
Page Count                      : 68

EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools

197107

197107 197107

Navigation menu

Versions of this User Manual:

Views

Navigation